title: Occupation and risk of stomach cancer in Poland.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In spite of the dramatic decline in the incidence of stomach cancer in the twentieth century, Poland has one of the highest rates in the world.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of stomach cancer by grouped occupations and industries, as well as by some specific occupational exposures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases (n = 443) were newly diagnosed with stomach adenocarcinomas between 1994 and 1996. Controls (n = 479) were randomly selected from the general population in Warsaw.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only a few occupations and industries were associated with significantly increased risks of stomach cancer. The most suggestive finding was for work in the leather goods industry. Risk was also significantly increased among men working in fabricated metal production and among women ever employed as managers and governmental officials. Men ever employed as teaching professionals and women employed as technical and science professionals had significantly decreased risks of stomach cancer. Among men, a significant positive trend in risk with duration of employment was observed for work in the leather industry and special trade construction. No significantly increased risks were observed for specific exposures assessed by a job-exposure matrix or by self-reports. However among men there were non-significantly increased risks with 10 or more years exposure to asbestos, metal dust, and nitrosamines assessed by a job-exposure matrix.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Employment in the leather goods industry, special trade construction, and metal fabrication was associated with an increased risk of stomach cancer among men. However, there were only weak associations with specific exposures. Occupational exposures do not contribute substantially to the high rates of stomach cancer in Poland.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 6120 Executive Blvd, EPS 8104, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krstev
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dosemeci
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lissowska
authors.forename: W-H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zatonski
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology; D000288:Administrative Personnel; D001194:Asbestos / Q000633:toxicity; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004391:Dust; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008297:Male; D008669:Metallurgy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000633:toxicity; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D004391:Dust; D009602:Nitrosamines; D001194:Asbestos