title: Immunotoxic effect of beta-chlorolactic acid on murine splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage function in vitro.
abstract: Beta-chlorolactic acid is a major intermediate of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) in mammalian species, which a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. beta-Chlorolactic acid has not been studied on immunotoxicity. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of beta-chlorolactic acid on murine splenocyte and macrophage in vitro, we investigated splenocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A), anti-CD3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the production of cytokines from splenocyte, and the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. beta-Chlorolactic acid suppressed significantly splenic blastogenesis to Con A or anti-CD3 from 8.5 to 54.7% at doses comprised between 200 and 800 microM. beta-Chlorolactic acid also suppressed significantly splenic blastogeneis to LPS from 8.5 to 71.5% at doses comprised between 200 and 800 microM. The production level of interferon (IFN)-g on splenocyte culture with Con A was significantly reduced from 21.5 to 51.4% at the higher concentration than 100 microM of beta-chlorolactic acid. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 were also decreased 22.6-58.4 and 10.2-36.6%, respectively, at high concentrations of beta-chlorolactic acid. There was a significant decrease from 6.1 to 40.8% in the production of nitric oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages treated with 400-1000 microuM beta-chlorolactic acid. These results indicate that beta-chlorolactic acid might be able to induce immunotoxic effect on immune response of lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunotoxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 122-704 Seoul, South Korea. jkleest@kfda.go.kr
authors.forename: Jong Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Mi Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jung A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Byun
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007773:Lactates / Q000633:toxicity*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007773:Lactates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A; C007000:3-chlorolactate; D009569:Nitric Oxide