Noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS.
OBJECTIVE
This article reviews recent findings on noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS, with a focus on HIV/AIDS-related lung malignancies and pulmonary hypertension, and discusses their incidence in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era.


RESULTS
Noninfectious pulmonary complications of HIV/AIDS are now recognized as important contributors to morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. This is especially the case for HIV-related lung cancer and other non-AIDS-defining malignancies, which are now being diagnosed with increased frequency in HIV-infected patients. The incidence of Kaposi sarcoma and AIDS-related lymphoma has decreased in the HAART era, but compared with the general population, the risk of these malignancies and pulmonary hypertension is still very high in HIV-infected patients. Concurrent use of HAART and chemotherapy improves prognosis and survival of patients with AIDS-related lymphoma. For patients with HIV-related pulmonary hypertension, some studies show no beneficial effect of HAART whereas other reports show that HAART improves patient survival and response to antihypertensive treatment.


CONCLUSIONS
The beneficial effect of HAART and improved immune response on the treatment of Kaposi sarcoma and AIDS-related lymphoma suggests that HIV or viral-induced immunosuppression plays an important role in the development of these malignancies. Evidence from current studies suggests that HAART does not protect against HIV-related lung cancer. The full impact of HAART on HIV pulmonary hypertension remains to be determined.
Kanmogne
Georgette D
GD
Department of Pharmacology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-5215, USA. gkanmogne@unmc.edu
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016483:Lymphoma, AIDS-Related / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis