title: Indications, timing, and techniques of tracheostomy in 152 French ICUs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the current practice of tracheostomy in French ICUs, focusing on the frequency, timing, indications, and techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was sent to all ICUs included in the national registry of the Societe de Reanimation de Langue Francaise.
  
  
  METHODS
  All ICU patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) during the year preceding the survey (excluding noninvasive ventilation) were covered by the questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  None.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 708 ICUs invited to participate, 152 (21.5%) answered the questionnaire. Overall, 35,322 patients (median, 212 patients per unit; interquartile range [IQR], 148 to 329 patients) had received MV, including one fourth of patients for > 7 days. A median of 7.2% of patients (IQR, 2.9 to 11.1%) had undergone a tracheostomy. The most frequently reported indications for tracheostomy were prolonged MV (95%, after a median of 20 days) and failure of extubation (48%). An indication for "early" tracheostomy (ie, < 3 weeks) was considered in 68% of the ICUs, after a median time of 7 days. Physicians thought that performing tracheostomy would facilitate weaning from MV and early oral nutrition, and would improve overall patient comfort. The main disadvantages listed were tracheal complications, the aggressiveness of the procedure, and the risk of infection. Surgical techniques largely remained preferred compared to percutaneous techniques.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is much heterogeneity in the reported practices of tracheostomy in French ICUs. Three fourths of physicians considered that a randomized study comparing prolonged translaryngeal intubation and early tracheostomy in patients expected to receive prolonged MV would be necessary to clarify those issues.
authors.affiliation: Service de Réanimation Polyvalente, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 Rue Camille Desmoulins, 94805 Villejuif Cedex, France. blot@igr.fr
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blot
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Melot
mesh_terms: D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005602:France; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014139:Tracheostomy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data