title: Starting at the end: the importance of goals in spatial language.
abstract: We explored the linguistic encoding of Paths in children between the ages of three and seven, in children with Williams syndrome, and in normal adults, focusing specifically on Source and Goal Paths. The results showed an asymmetry, with Goal Paths regularly and systematically encoded, but Source Paths often omitted. This pattern occurred among all groups and across a broad range of domains including Manner of Motion, Change of Possession, Change of State, and Attachment/Detachment events. It also occurred whether participants spontaneously described events or were asked to use a specific verb that biased them towards a Goal or Source Path (e.g. 'give' vs. 'get'). The results are discussed in terms of non-linguistic foundations of spatial language and the linguistic mapping biases that arise when we describe what we see.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Krieger Hall, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA. llakusta@jhu.edu
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lakusta
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Landau
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D009039:Motion Perception; D009949:Orientation; D011578:Psycholinguistics; D012016:Reference Values; D012660:Semantics; D018980:Williams Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis*