title: Evidence for an increased rate of cardiovascular events in patients with primary aldosteronism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this report was to show that the rate of cardiovascular events is increased in patients with either subtype of primary aldosteronism (PA).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Primary aldosteronism involves hypertension (HTN), hypokalemia, and low plasma renin. The two major PA subtypes are unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and bilateral adrenal hyperplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a three-year period, the diagnosis of PA was made in 124 of 5,500 patients referred for comprehensive evaluation and management. Adenomas were diagnosed in 65 patients and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism in 59 patients. During the same period, clinical characteristics and cardiovascular events of this group were compared with those of 465 patients with essential hypertension (EHT) randomly matched for age, gender, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A history of stroke was found in 12.9% of patients with PA and 3.4% of patients with EHT (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 8.6]). Non-fatal myocardial infarction was diagnosed in 4.0% of patients with PA and in 0.6% of patients with EHT (OR = 6.5; 95% CI 1.5 to 27.4). A history of atrial fibrillation was diagnosed in 7.3% of patients with PA and 0.6% of patients with EHT (OR = 12.1; 95% CI 3.2 to 45.2). The occurrence of cardiovascular complications was comparable in both subtypes of PA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients presenting with PA experienced more cardiovascular events than did EHT patients independent of blood pressure. The presence of PA should be detected, not only to determine the cause of HTN, but also to prevent such complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milliez
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Girerd
authors.forename: Pierre-François
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Plouin
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Blacher
authors.forename: Michel E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Safar
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Mourad
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000150:complications; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000150:complications; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006929:Hyperaldosteronism / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D012083:Renin