title: Dental arch and cephalometric changes following treatment for class III malocclusion by means of the function regulator (FR-3) appliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this retrospective clinical study was to evaluate dental arch, skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue profile changes following treatment of Class III malocclusion by means of the Function Regulator (FR-3) appliance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 14 growing patients (seven boys and seven girls) with a mean age of 9.7 +/- 1.1 years presenting Class III malocclusion. They were treated with an FR-3 appliance exclusively for a period of 2.4 +/- 0.6 years. Dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained immediately before initiation and after completion of treatment with the FR-3 appliance. Thirteen variables were used for the dental cast analysis and 61 variables for the cephalometric analysis. The paired t-test was utilized to evaluate the presence of significant changes (p < 0.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evaluation of the dental casts revealed that there was a significant increase in intermolar, interpremolar, and intercanine width of the maxilla and of palatal height after treatment. Concerning the mandible, an increase in intermolar and intercanine width and a decrease in lower arch depth were observed. Cephalometric evaluation revealed a significant decrease in SNB angle and an increase in ANB angle, overjet, facial convexity, nose prominence, and lower soft tissue face height. There was an increase in upper lip thickness and a decrease in lower lip convexity observed after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study confirm a favorable functional and esthetic maxillary and mandibular position following treatment by means of the function regulator (FR-3) appliance.
authors.affiliation: keo1560@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalavritinos
authors.forename: Moschos A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Papadopoulos
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nasiopoulos
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D003735:Dental Casting Technique; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008313:Malocclusion, Angle Class III / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D017289:Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome