title: Split onlay skin flap for the salvage hypospadias repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Following failed hypospadias repair absence of the penile foreskin, a shortage of ventral skin and residual chordee may all contribute to poor long-term results. We describe a technique called the split onlay skin (SOS) flap that has improved our surgical outcomes in boys requiring salvage hypospadias repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SOS flap uses a transverse island of penile shaft skin that is mobilized on its vascular pedicle and rotated into position to the ventrum of the penis at the site of the urethral defect. The flap is transected transversely, and half of the flap is used as an onlay to repair the urethra and the other half is used for additional skin coverage where needed on the penile shaft. We treated 11 boys 30 to 124 months old (mean age 60.3 months) who had a mean of 2 previous failed hypospadias repairs. All 11 boys presented with complex combinations of urethrocutaneous fistulas, stricture or urethral diverticula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 11 patients 6 (54.5%) had development of postoperative fistulas. Five of these fistulas were surgically closed with no further complications. One penoscrotal fistula closed spontaneously after 7 months. Mild chordee from contraction of the flap and a urethral diverticulum developed in 1 boy. At a mean followup of 24.5 months all patients, including those who underwent closure of the secondary fistula, were voiding well with excellent appearance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In cases where little local tissue is present the SOS flap procedure is an excellent way to transfer healthy dorsal tissue to the ventrum for an onlay salvage urethroplasty while providing additional coverage of the urethral defect and a tension-free skin closure. Despite the high fistula rate we encountered following the initial SOS procedure, we endorse this technique because the transferred dartos provides additional tissue, which facilitates subsequent fistula repair. These boys can achieve a successful cosmetic result without incorporation of scrotal tissue or a free graft, which we believe leads to more predictable results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4399, USA.
authors.forename: Rakesh P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Aseem R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: Nicholas T
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canning
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods