title: Inhibition of interleukin-12 production in mouse macrophages via decreased nuclear factor-kappaB DNA binding activity by myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid.
abstract: Pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-12 (IL-12) production may be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the development and progression of disease in experimental models of autoimmunity. In this study, the effects of myricetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid present in fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, on the production of IL-12 were investigated in mouse macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Myricetin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced IL-12 production from both primary macrophages and the RAW264.7 monocytic cell-line in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of myricetin on IL-12 gene promoter activation was analyzed by transfecting RAW264.7 cells with IL-12 gene promoter/luciferase constructs. The repressive effect was mapped to a region in the IL-12 gene promoter containing a binding site for NF-kappaB. Furthermore, activation of macrophages by LPS resulted in markedly enhanced binding activity to the NF-kappaB site, which significantly decreased upon addition of myricetin, indicating that myricetin inhibited IL-12 production in LPS-activated macrophages via the down-regulation of NF-kappaB binding activity.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Drug Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
authors.forename: Bok Yun
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Daeho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Tae Sung
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D007376:Interleukin-2; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; C040015:myricetin