Neuroprotective effect of ginseng total saponins in experimental traumatic brain injury.
In the present study, we investigated whether ginseng total saponins (GTSs) protect hippocampal neurons after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. A moderate-grade TBI was made with the aid of a controlled cortical impact (CCI) device set at a velocity of 3.0 m/sec, a deformation of 3.0 mm, and a compression time of 0.2 sec at the right parietal area for adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Shamoperated rats that underwent craniectomy without impact served as controls. GTSs (100 and 200 mg/kg) or saline was injected intraperitoneally into the rats immediately post-injury. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the rats underwent neurological evaluation. Contusion volume and the number of hippocampal neurons were calculated with apoptosis evaluated by TUNEL staining. 24 hr post-injury, saline-injected rats showed a significant loss of neuronal cells in the CA2 region of the right hippocampus (53.4%, p<0.05) and CA3 (34.6%, p<0.05) compared with contralateral hippocampal region, a significant increase in contusion volume (34+/-8 microL), and significant increase in neurologic deficits compared with the GTSs groups. Treating rats with GTSs seemed to protect the CCI-induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus, decrease cortical contusion volume, and improve neurological deficits.
Ji
Yong Cheol
YC
Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-755, Korea.
Kim
Young Baeg
YB
Park
Seung Won
SW
Hwang
Sung Nam
SN
Min
Byung Kook
BK
Hong
Hyun Jong
HJ
Kwon
Jeong Taik
JT
Suk
Jong Sik
JS
D000818:Animals; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005894:Panax; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012503:Saponins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012503:Saponins