title: Amifostine is a potent radioprotector of salivary glands in radioiodine therapy. Structural and ultrastructural findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Salivary gland impairment following high-dose radioiodine treatment is well recognized. Since differentiated thyroid cancer has a good prognosis, reduction of long-term side effects is important. This study investigates the radioprotective effects of amifostine in salivary glands of rabbits receiving high-dose radioiodine therapy so as to obtain deeper insight in changes on the cellular and ultrastructural level.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 rabbits were investigated. High-dose radioiodine therapy applying 1 GBq (131)I was performed in 16 animals. Eight of these 16 animals received 200 mg/m(2) body surface amifostine prior to high-dose radioiodine therapy. Four additional rabbits served as controls, two receiving amifostine, the other two no treatment at all. Subsequently, salivary glands (submandibular and parotid glands, respectively) of all animals were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parenchymal damage of both parotid and submandibular glands, specially acinar structures comprising cell organelles and nuclei, of animals pretreated with amifostine was much less pronounced than in animals without amifostine pretreatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that parenchymal damage in salivary glands induced by high-dose radioiodine therapy can significantly be reduced by amifostine. Therefore, amifostine therapy may increase quality of life in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer after radioiodine treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, Germany. hanneskutta@gmx.de
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kutta
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kampen
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sagowski
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Brenner
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Bohuslavizki
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulsen
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D023421:Models, Animal; D011817:Rabbits; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine