title: Prevention of chronic urinary retention in orthotopic bladder replacement in the female.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic urinary retention is a frequent complication after orthotopic bladder replacement. Herein a new technical modification to avoid voiding dysfunction is described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1995 and January 2004, 62 women had orthotopic bladder replacement after radical cystectomy. From November 1998 on, 35 patients were operated using a new technical modification, consisting in the fixation of a large and thick flap of peritoneal and extraperitoneal tissue deriving from the posterior wall of the vagina to the edges of endopelvic fascia to create a resistant hammock under the reservoir.
  
  
  RESULTS
  25 women have a follow-up longer than 12 months, range 12-56, and are considered in this study. Only one, out of 25 patients, still has occasionally stress incontinence but she did not need to use pads. Two patients are incontinent at night. None of 25 patients has a residual urine volume greater than 100 ml or needed intermittent catheterization. Median bladder capacity is 350 ml, range 280-430 ml. Median creatinine level is 1.1 mg/dl, range 0.7-1.2 mg/dl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The creation of a posterior support to the neobladder, by harvesting a thick flap, has, in our series, completely avoided the occurrence of chronic urinary retention, which is the most common long-term complication of bladder replacement in the female. Our series is sufficiently large to exclude serendipity and to be compared with other series in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, Urology Unit, National Institute for Cancer Research, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genova 16100, Italy.
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puppo
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Introini
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calvi
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naselli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015653:Cystectomy; D000071938:Fasciotomy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D014547:Urinary Diversion / Q000379:methods*; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000502:physiology; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery