title: Middle East aircrew use of alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and medicaments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of the use of alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and various medications among flying crew and clerks working in a ministry in Kuwait.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional study, a self-administered questionnaire was filled in by 277 flying crew and 302 clerks of a comparable age and gender ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Frequencies of using alcohol, tobacco, coffee, and various medications were much higher among flying crew as compared to clerks. Flying crew were a very homogenous group in terms of exposure to the substances studied with only two exceptions: younger people were more likely to drink alcohol abroad (but not in Kuwait), and cabin crew relied on herbal medicine more than pilots.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Flying crew differ very much from a socially comparable segment of the local population, but it is not possible to discern the impact of occupational risks (jet leg and night shifts) from exposure to foreign influences and, as for alcohol and sedatives, from easier availability.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Health Science Center, Kuwait University, Hawally, Kuwait. monisbasheer@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Moanis M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: Khalid F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Al-Mulla
authors.forename: Talal A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Al-Seleem
authors.forename: Bader
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Murad
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Radovanovic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001359:Aviation; D003069:Coffee; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006077:Government Agencies; D006801:Humans; D020179:Jet Lag Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007730:Kuwait; D008297:Male; D016272:Occupational Health; D015995:Prevalence; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012651:Self Medication / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D000078329:Workforce
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee