title: Immunomodulatory effects of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF): evidence of antitumour activity.
abstract: Human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhuGM-CSF) is traditionally used as supportive care for patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy or haematopoietic cell progenitor mobilisation. Emerging evidence suggests rhuGM-CSF, through activity on monocytes and dendritic cells, acts as a potent modulator of immune responses and has the ability to recruit inflammatory cells and cytokines to local and systemic sites of infection. The immunomodulatory effects of rhuGM-CSF suggest the potential to enhance innate and acquired immune responses against tumour-related antigens. Enhancement of innate antitumour immunity, especially in the context of minimal residual disease, is of central importance and presents the potential for meaningful contributions to long-term disease survival. This article discusses the immunomodulatory effects of rhuGM-CSF in the context of single-agent therapy in solid tumours, as well as combination therapy in lymphoma. In addition, dendritic cell modulation with rhuGM-CSF in haematopoietic progenitor grafts and rhuGM-CSF-transduced tumour vaccines will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365Clifton Rd, Building C, Room 4004, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Jason J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Everly
authors.forename: Sagar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lonial
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor