title: Alterations in cell adhesion molecule L1 and functionally related genes in major depression: a postmortem study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current research in depression aims to delineate genes involved in neuronal plasticity that are altered in the disease or its treatment. We have shown antidepressant induced increases in three interrelated genes, cell adhesion molecule L1 (CAM-L1), laminin, and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), and a reciprocal decrease in these genes consequent to stress. Presently we hypothesized that CAM-L1, CREB, and laminin may be altered in post mortem brains of depressed subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were performed in the prefrontal and in the ventral parieto-occipital cortices, of 59 brains from depressed, bipolar, and schizophrenic subjects, and normal controls, obtained from the Stanley Foundation Brain Collection. mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of CAM-L1 and of phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) were increased in the prefrontal cortex of the depressed group, while CAM-L1, laminin and pCREB were decreased in the parieto-occipital cortex. Depressed subjects receiving antidepressants differed from subjects not receiving antidepressants in the expression of CAM-L1 and laminin in the parieto-occipital cortex, and in the expression of pCREB in the prefrontal cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings of specific alterations in depression and antidepressant treatment particularly in CAM-L1 suggest that this gene may play an important role in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Psychobiology, The Department of Psychiatry, Rambam Medical Center, and B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion IIT, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Daphna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Laifenfeld
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karry
authors.forename: Ehud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Dorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Shachar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D034882:Lamins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D034882:Lamins; D039842:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1; D012333:RNA, Messenger