title: Tubal sterilization with a waterborne polyethylene glycol in situ cross-linking material: a minimally invasive approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effectiveness and compatibility of an in situ-gelling polymeric device when implanted in the fallopian tube to prevent pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled laboratory study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animals in a controlled laboratory environment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten white New Zealand rabbits (nine female and one male).
  
  
  METHODS
  The material was implanted through a small incision into one of each rabbit's twin fallopian tubes. The rabbits then were allowed to heal. After a healing period of 6 to 10 weeks, the rabbits were bred. After breeding, the animals were killed, and samples were collected from their fallopian tubes for histology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnancy of the specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four specimens showed unilateral pregnancy (pregnancy in only one uterus). Because rabbits have the capacity to be pregnant in both uteri simultaneously, this suggests strong potential of the material for use as a contraceptive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although concerns remain concerning distension and potential injury resulting from use of the system, enough data have been gathered to warrant further study of this material for use in humans.
authors.affiliation: Harrington Department of Bioengineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-9709, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McLemore
authors.forename: Eun-Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tedd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Brandon
authors.forename: Gloria
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aerni
authors.forename: Kelly H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Brent L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Vernon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013246:Sterilization, Tubal / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D014867:Water; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols