title: Hidden focal EEG seizures during prolonged suppressions and high-amplitude bursts in early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on a 27-month-old female with atypical early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE), who developed tonic spasms, partial seizures and myoclonic jerks along with episodic bradycardia at 5 days.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recorded digital electroencephalography (EEG) using either an 11-channel neonatal montage or 19 channel scalp electrodes, at 200 Hz sampling rate, and a single reference for a minimum of 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 18 days EEG showed suppression-burst (SB) patterns during wakefulness and sleep. Tonic spasms concomitant with bursts recorded as brief, low-amplitude fast waves. EEG at 8 months showed increased amplitude of bursts to 1 mV and extension of suppression periods to 65 s. By increasing recording sensitivity, we detected focal epileptiform discharges of slow rhythmic sharp and slow waves building to 30 microV during suppression periods. Status epilepticus occurred at 16 months. EEG at 27 months returned to the previous SB pattern with rare partial seizures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report is the first to demonstrate clinically silent focal EEG seizures during prolonged suppression periods in atypical EIEE by off-line digital EEG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Digital EEG sensitivity can reveal covert electrical activity during suppression periods in epileptic neonates and infants.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada.
authors.forename: Amna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Futaisi
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Banwell
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochi
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hew
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Otsubo
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn