title: Clinically relevant osmolar stress inhibits priming-induced PMN NADPH oxidase subunit translocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The plasma membrane NADPH oxidase is responsible for the external generation of superoxide by neutrophils (polymorphonucleocytes [PMNs]). The oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme, active only when all subunits are translocated to and assembled at the membrane. We have recently demonstrated that platelet-activating factor (PAF) priming of PMNs translocates the cytosolic p67 subunit to the membrane position. Osmolar stress attenuates PAF priming of the oxidase. Consequently, we hypothesized that clinically relevant osmolar stress inhibits PAF priming-induced p67 translocation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated human PMNs were incubated at 37 degrees C for 5 minutes in buffer or 180 mmol/L hypertonic saline (HTS) followed by 3 minutes of incubation with or without 2 mumol/L PAF (resting, PAF, HTS, and HTS-PAF). Digital microscopy was used to determine p67 location in whole PMNs. Subcellular fractions were prepared and membrane translocation of p67 determined by protein electrophoresis. Resting cytosol fractions were immunodepleted of p67 and NADPH oxidase activity measured using p67-deficient sodium dodecyl sulfate cell-free oxidase assays: resting, PAF, or HTS-PAF membrane (1 mug) was combined with immunodepleted resting cytosol (25 mug).
  
  
  RESULTS
  By all methodologies, PAF stimulated translocation of p67 to the PMN membrane and this translocation was prevented by osmolar stress (HTS-PAF). In cell-free oxidase assays, the membrane content of p67 after PAF stimulation was increased sufficiently to induce oxidase activity, whereas resting and HTS-PAF membrane did not (0.1 +/- 0.02, 0.23 +/- 0.04, and 0.14 +/- 0.04, respectively, p < 0.01) (resting versus HTS-PAF, no difference).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PAF priming of the PMN oxidase involves translocation of p67 to the plasma membrane. Clinically relevant osmolar stress with hypertonic saline prevents this PAF-induced translocation of the p67 oxidase subunit. This finding provides new insight into the mechanisms responsible for osmolar control of PMN functional responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Denver Health Medical Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA.
authors.forename: Forest R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Sheppard
authors.forename: Ernest E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Margarite
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kelher
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006801:Humans; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; C079789:neutrophil cytosol factor 67K; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D019255:NADPH Oxidases