Retrospective study of bacterial infective arthritis in 31 dogs.
OBJECTIVE
To characterise the presenting signs and pathological changes of canine bacterial infective arthritis in 31 dogs, and to document the response to different treatment regimens. Risk factors that may predispose joints to bacterial infective arthritis and influence the success of treatment were also investigated.


METHODS
A retrospective review of cases of bacterial infective arthritis that were presented to three university veterinary referral hospitals over a five-year period (January 1997 to January 2002) was performed.


RESULTS
The elbow joint (38 per cent) and stifle joint (44 per cent) were most commonly affected. Radiographic changes consistent with pre-existing osteoarthritis were identified in 14 joints, which had no history of previous surgery (articular or periarticular) or penetrating wound. No significant difference (P = 0.78) was identified between the outcome of combined surgical and medical management, and medical management alone. There were trends for poorer outcomes with increased bodyweight of the dog, longer duration of lameness and a higher nucleated cell count of the affected joint fluid at presentation. The overall infection rate for articular surgical procedures at one institution was 1-3 per cent.


CONCLUSIONS
Medical and/or surgical management were usually successful in resolving infection (94 per cent). However, they were frequently unsuccessful in restoring full joint function; this may in part have been due to the nature of the underlying joint
Clements
D N
DN
Division of Small Animal Clinical Studies, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Road, Bearsden, Glasgow.
Owen
M R
MR
Mosley
J R
JR
Carmichael
S
S
Taylor
D J
DJ
Bennett
D
D
D000818:Animals; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013264:Stifle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000382:microbiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome