title: Successful steroid withdrawal in lung transplant recipients: result of a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corticosteroids play a key role in immunosuppression after transplantation. However, because chronic steroid treatment may cause significant morbidity and mortality, steroid-free immunosuppression remains a desirable goal. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on successful steroid withdrawal (SW) in lung transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group included 35 patients who underwent heart-lung, double-lung or single-lung transplantation. Criteria for initiation of SW were stable pulmonary function tests and absence of clinical or bronchoscopic evidence of acute or chronic rejection in the last 6 months. Pulmonary function, blood pressure and metabolic parameters were compared between the patients who underwent SW and those who did not.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients (23%) underwent SW. Median follow-up was 19 months (range 11-23 months). Compared to the non-withdrawal group, the withdrawal group was older (60+/-6 vs. 52+/-13 years, P=0.01, r=0.49), had higher rates of emphysema (88% vs. 18%, P=0.01) and use of a cyclosporine-based regimen (62% vs. 26%, P=0.0001), and had longer time from transplantation to the withdrawal attempt (70+/-13 vs. 29+/-26 months, P=0.0002). The SW group showed no adverse effects in graft function and no deterioration on pulmonary function tests. SW had a beneficial metabolic effect, with a decrease in mean cholesterol level from 229+/-45 to 194+/-25 mg/dl (P=0.02) and no significant change in weight, systolic blood pressure or glucose level. In the non-withdrawal group, mean cholesterol levels increased from 175+/-34 to 209+/-57 mg/dl (P=0.0005), weight increased from 72+/-15 to 80+/-14 kg (P=0.0001), and systolic blood pressure increased from 125+/-15 to 139+/-16 mmHg (P=0.001); glucose levels did not change. There was a significant correlation between total cholesterol level and weight in both groups (P=0.0006, r=-0.56 and P=0.01, r=-0.46, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Late SW is safe in stable patients after lung transplantation. There was no evidence of rejection or a deterioration in pulmonary function. Lipid profile improvement and blood pressure stabilization accompanied the termination of steroid therapy.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Israel.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shitrit
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bendayan
authors.forename: Jaqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sulkes
authors.forename: Ariella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bar-Gil Shitrit
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Mordechai R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016040:Lung Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D014181:Transplantation Immunology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002784:Cholesterol