title: Identification of the minimal domain structure of bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP-1) for chordinase activity: chordinase activity is not enhanced by procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1).
abstract: Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP-1), which is a tolloid member of the astacin-like family of zinc metalloproteinases, is a highly effective procollagen C-proteinase (PCP) and chordinase. On the other hand, mammalian tolloid like-2 (mTLL-2) does not cleave chordin or procollagen; procollagen is cleaved by mTLL-2 in the presence of high levels of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1), for reasons that are unknown. We used these differences in activity between BMP-1 and mTLL-2 to narrow in on the domains in BMP-1 that specify PCP and chordinase activity. Using a domain swap approach, we showed that: 1) the metalloproteinase and CUB2 domains of BMP-1 are absolutely required for PCP activity; swaps with either of the corresponding domains in BMP-1 and mTLL-2 did not result in procollagen cleavage and 2) the proteinase domain of mTLL-2 can cleave chordin if coupled to the CUB1 domain of BMP-1. Therefore, the minimal structure for chordinase activity comprises a metalloproteinase domain (either from BMP-1 or from mTLL-2) and the CUB1 domain of BMP-1 (the CUB1 domain of mTLL-2 cannot substitute for the CUB1 domain of BMP-1). We showed that the minimal procollagen C-proteinase (BMP-1 lacking the EGF and CUB3 domain) was enhanced by PCPE-1 but not as well as BMP-1 retaining the CUB3 domain. Further studies showed that PCPE-1 had no effect on the ability of BMP-1 to cleave chordin. The data support a previously suggested mechanism of PCPE-1 whereby PCPE-1 interacts with procollagen, but in addition, the CUB3 domain of BMP-1 appears to augment the interaction.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: Vasiliki
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Petropoulou
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Garrigue-Antar
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Kadler
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D055395:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C491555:PCOLCE protein, human; C054234:chordin; D055394:Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C485669:TLL2 protein, human; C525705:BMP1 protein, human; D055395:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 1