title: [Congenital external and middle ear malformation-with 62 ears report].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between external ear malformation and middle ear abnormality, and also the results of surgical treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two cases with external ear malformation (62 ears) was dividied into two groups:the minor group and severe group. All the patients received surgical treatment, 48 ears by transmastoid approach and 14 ears by "direct entrance" approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The middle ear abnormality was minor in minor group,and severe in the patients with severe external ear malformation. In 93.5% cases the hearing threshold improved more than 15 dB in 3 months after operation, and reduce to 85.5% in 3 years follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The middle ear malformation is corresponding to external ear malformation. The effect of surgical treatment is different according to the degree of malformation and surgical complication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, First Teaching Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China. entsqzhang@163.com
authors.forename: Shaoqiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Suiqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Qinsheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001309:Auditory Threshold; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004431:Ear, External / Q000002:abnormalities*; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome