title: Flow cytometric quantitative determination of ingestion by phagocytes needs the distinguishing of overlapping populations of binding and ingesting cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The use of flow cytometry with fluorescently labeled particles provides the means to examine quantitatively the phagocytotic capacity of an individual phagocyte. This report describes an improved flow cytometric method of analysis for kinetic measurement of phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled zymosan particles by human leukocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  FITC-labeled zymosan was incubated with leukocyte suspension, and at selected time intervals fluorescence positive neutrophils were divided by phagocytotic gates into three subpopulations: neutrophils that were neither binding nor ingesting particles, neutrophils that were only binding particles (binding cells), and neutrophils that were binding and ingesting particles (ingesting cells). For the distinction between internalized and surface-bound FITC-labeled zymosan, trypan blue (1.2 mg/ml) was used to quench surface-bound fluorescence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The technical challenges related to settings of phagocytotic gates and derivation of phagocytotic equations were presented. From 28 control samples, numerical values of mean fluorescence intensities and percentages of phagocytotic subpopulations inside phagocytotic gates before and after quenching were inserted into phagocytotic equations and corrected phagocytotic parameters were calculated. Calculated parameters were surprisingly constant across individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Essential elements of the present method appeared to be partial quenching of extracellular fluorescence with trypan blue and distinguishing between overlapping populations of binding and ingesting cells. Corrections using derived phagocytotic equations proved necessary for accurate kinetic phagocytotic measurements. Corrections were less necessary when the ingestion process was finished.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. jarnuu@utu.fi
authors.forename: Jari
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nuutila
authors.forename: Esa-Matti
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Lilius
mesh_terms: D002021:Buffers; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007840:Latex; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010586:Phagocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D013997:Time Factors; D014343:Trypan Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D015054:Zymosan / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007840:Latex; D015054:Zymosan; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D014343:Trypan Blue