title: Epidemiological aspects of endemic upper gastrointestinal cancers in eastern Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our study was to present the epidemiological aspects of endemic upper gastrointestinal (esophageal and gastric) cancers in the Van region of Eastern Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were diagnosed by esophagogastroscopy, biopsy and histopathological analysis. The control group consisted of 73 healthy subjects. Epidemiological characteristics (age, sex, dietary habits, educational status, life style) were evaluated by questionnaires. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed in nontumoral gastric mucosal biopsy specimens by Giemsa staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  298 esophageal Ca and 384 gastric Ca patients were diagnosed in seven years (1994-2001). Most of the patients (90%) were of rural origin. Endoscopic prevalence rate of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) Ca was the highest (1 Ca per 7 esophagogastroscopy) in the Van region compared to other parts of Turkey. Esophageal Ca were 1.5 times more common in females whereas gastric Ca were 1.6 times more common in males. Ninety per cent of esophageal cancers were epidermoid and the remaining 10% were adenocarcinomas. Ninety-seven per cent of gastric Ca were adenocarcinomas. Helicobacter pylori infection was not significantly increased in gastric Ca patients compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low educational and socioeconomic status, consumption of smoked, salted, hot, fatty foods, overdrinking hot tea and well water, cigarette smoking, poor intake of fresh fruits and vegetables and poor hygienic conditions were probable culprit factors.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yil University, Van, Turkey. mkturkdogan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M Kürsad
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Türkdogan
authors.forename: Nevzat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Akman
authors.forename: Ilyas
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tuncer
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uygan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kösem
authors.forename: Süleyman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozel
authors.forename: Kazim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Salahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bozkurt
authors.forename: Faruk
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Memik
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003710:Demography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology