title: Use of questionnaires and an expert panel to judge the environmental consequences of chemical spills for the development of an environment-accident index.
abstract: Assessing the environmental consequences of a chemical accident is a complex task. To date, the methods used to evaluate the environmental effects of an acute release of a chemical have often been based on measurements of chemical and physical variables deemed to be important, such as the concentration of the chemical. However, a broader strategy is needed to predict the environmental consequences of potential accidents during the planning process. An Environment-Accident Index (EAI), a simple tool based on such a strategy, has been developed to facilitate the consideration of a multitude of influential variables. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether questionnaire-based expert panel's judgements could provide useful data on the environmental consequences of chemical spills, and an effective basis for further development of the EAI. As expected, the judgements did not agree perfectly, but they do give rough indications of the environmental effects, and highlight consistent trends that should be useful inputs for planning, prevention and decontamination processes. The different accidents were also judged to have caused everything from minor to very major effects in the environment, implying that a wide range of accident scenarios were represented in the material and covered by the EAI. Therefore, questionnaires and expert panel judgements can be used to collect useful data for estimating the likely environmental consequences of chemical accidents and for further development of the EAI.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Defence Research Agency, Division of NBC Defence, SE-901 82 Umeå, Sweden. asa.scott@foi.se
authors.forename: Asa Scott
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Stjernström
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fängmark
mesh_terms: D000059:Accidents; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004777:Environment; D005104:Expert Testimony; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D006801:Humans; D018570:Risk Assessment; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances