title: Comparison of effectiveness between gas flow 1 and 2 l.min(-1) for general anesthesia in infants and children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine 1) Success rate of using fresh gas flow (FGF) 1 l.min(-1) compared to 2 l.min(-1) in pediatric patients 2) Necessity of using anesthetic agent analyzer 3) predicting volatile anesthetic concentration 4) cost difference.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-seven patients (age 10 days to 8 years) who underwent general anesthesia were randomly allocated into 2 groups: the control group (FGF 2 l.min(-1)) and the study group (FGF 1 l.min(-1)). Outcome measures included system leakage, SaO2, PECO2, FiO2, Fi and FeN2O, isoflurane dial setting, Fi and Fe isoflurane, isoflurane mass consumed and sodalime used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between the groups regarding demographic data, duration of surgery and anesthesia. Success rate in using FGF 2 l.min(-1) was 100% and FGF 1 l.min(-1) was 92%. All failure cases (8%) were due to system leakage. The necessity of using a capnometer was similar at 5.3-7.7% in both groups. FiO2 was > or = 0.3 at any time. FiN2O and FeN2O were not different. Fi isoflurane was 13-15% lower than dial setting. Overall savings from using FGF 1 l/min was 37.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FGF 1 l.min(-1) could be safely used in most pediatric patients with lower cost. Capnometer was recommended, whereas FiO2 and Fi isoflurane could be clinically adjusted
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Suwannee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suraseranivongse
authors.forename: Sumitra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowvanayotin
authors.forename: Sangsom
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pirayavaraporn
authors.forename: Songyos
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valairucha
authors.forename: Naiyana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arunpruksakul
authors.forename: Somsak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Areewatana
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000191:economics; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010092:Oximetry; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation