title: The relative importance of cytokine gene polymorphisms in the development of early and late acute rejection and six-month renal allograft pathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute rejection episodes and 6-month protocol biopsy acute pathology are highly correlated with long-term outcomes in renal transplant recipients. Recurrent, vascular, and late rejections are particularly deleterious.
  
  
  METHODS
  We determined the relative contribution of human leukocyte antigen matching, cytokine genotypes, delayed graft function (DGF), and baseline immunosuppression to the development of acute rejection and allograft pathology in 118 renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate logistic regression modeling demonstrated that the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for recurrent (> or =2) early rejections (0-3 months) increased linearly for high (H) > intermediate (I) > low (L) interferon-gamma (1.8; 1.1-3.2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha (3.0; 1.3-6.9) genotype, whereas every 1 microg/L increase in the cyclosporine A level was protective (0.991; 0.984-0.999). The odds ratio for recurrent late rejections (4-6 months) increased for H > I > L TNFalpha (5.1; 1.8-14.7) genotype and DGF (7.1; 1.6-30.2), whereas H > I/L transforming growth factor-beta1 genotype decreased the relative risk (0.09: 0.02-0.49). Vascular rejection was only predicted by H > I > L TNFalpha phenotype (3.0; 1.2-7.9). The odds ratio for the 6-month Banff Acute Score (6A > or= 4) increased for H > I > L TNFalpha (2.7; 1.1-6.7) and interleukin-10 (3.4; 1.2-6.2) genotype, and DGF (3.4; 1.1-11.5). Treatment of early subclinical rejection decreased the relative risk (0.20; 0.07-0.62).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High transforming growth factor-beta1 producer phenotype seems to be protective against acute inflammation, whereas H and I interferon-gamma, TNFalpha, and interleukin-10 producer genotypes correlate with adverse outcomes. Cytokine genotyping identifies individuals who may benefit from more intensive surveillance and treatment posttransplant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tinckam
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rush
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hutchinson
authors.forename: Iga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dembinski
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pravica
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nickerson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D046148:Donor Selection; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors; D014180:Transplantation; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines