title: N(1),N(12)-Diacetylspermine as a sensitive and specific novel marker for early- and late-stage colorectal and breast cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  N(1),N(12)-diacetylspermine (DiAcSpm) in the urine of colorectal and breast cancer patients was examined to establish its usefulness as a novel diagnostic tool for detecting these cancers at clinically early stages.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urine samples from 248 colon cancer patients and 83 breast cancer patients as well as 51 patients with benign gastrointestinal diseases treated in Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital during the period of August 1999 to January 2004 were collected. DiAcSpm was analyzed by ELISA and its sensitivity for malignant conditions was compared with that of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, and CA15-3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sensitivity of urinary DiAcSpm for colon cancer patients (n = 248) was 75.8% (mean +/- 2 SD for 52 healthy controls as a cutoff value), which was markedly higher than the sensitivities of serum CEA (39.5%, P < 0.0001) and CA19-9 (14.1%, P < 0.0001). DiAcSpm was elevated in 60% of tumor-node-metastasis cancer stage 0 + I patients, whereas only 10% (P < 0.0001) and 5% (P < 0.0001) of these patients were CEA- and CA19-9-positive, respectively. The sensitivity of urinary DiAcSpm for 83 cases of breast cancer (60.2%) was higher than the sensitivities of CEA (37.3%, P = 0.0032) and CA15-3 (37.3%, P = 0.0032). DiAcSpm was elevated in 28% of tumor-node-metastasis stage I + II patients, whereas only 3% (P = 0.0064) and 0% (P = 0.001) of these patients were CEA- and CA15-3-positive, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observations indicate that urinary DiAcSpm is a more sensitive marker than CEA, CA19-9, and CA15-3 and that it can efficiently detect colorectal and breast cancers at early stages.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research and Development Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hiramatsu
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Taturo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Souichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tamamori
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imajo
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toi
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawakita
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000652:urine; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000097:blood; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013096:Spermine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018395:CA-19-9 Antigen; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D018396:Mucin-1; D013096:Spermine; C029453:N',N''-diacetylspermine