title: Amiodarone-induced thyroid dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the frequency of thyroid dysfunction (TD) associated with amiodarone therapy in southern Africa.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of TD in a cohort of patients initiated on amiodarone therapy at a cardiac clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, believed to be an iodine-replete area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacy records were used to obtain the names of patients who received amiodarone between November 1999 and December 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample size was 194, but data analysis was limited to the 163 patients for whom there were complete data. The mean age +/- standard deviation (SD) was 59.0 +/- 15.0 years (range 22 - 89 years). There were 67 female and 96 male patients. The indications for amiodarone therapy were supraventricular tachycardias (N = 102, 62.6%), ventricular tachycardia (N = 55, 33.7%), and prophylaxis against tachycardias (N = 3, 1.8%). The indication was uncertain in 3 patients (1.8%). The median duration of amiodarone treatment was 679.0 days (quartile deviation (QD) 1172 days, range 3 - 6425 days) in the whole cohort. The median duration of amiodarone therapy until new TD was 943 days (QD 1185 days), significantly longer than in patients who remained euthyroid (547 days, QD 1135 days) (P = 0.05). There were 45 new TD cases (27.6%): 11 patients (6.7%) were thyrotoxic, 1 (0.6%) transient thyrotoxicosis, 1 (0.6%) subclinical hyperthyroidism, 13 (8.0%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 12 (7.4%) hypothyroidism and 7 (4.3%) had minor changes in thyroid function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high incidence of new-onset TD, similar to the highest rates reported internationally. Local factors responsible for this need to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town. iross@uctgsh1.uct.ac.za
authors.forename: Ian Louis
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marshall
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okreglicki
authors.forename: Sedick
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: Naomi Sharlene
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Levitt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000187:drug effects*; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D000638:Amiodarone