title: A predictive model for the development of hormone-responsive breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Effective therapies to reduce the risk of hormone-sensitive breast cancers (ER or PR positive) exist. Available models predict the risk of breast cancer without addressing hormone receptor status. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors predictive of the development of hormone-sensitive cancers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1285 invasive breast cancers in 1263 women were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Risk factors were compared for ER+ and ER- cancers by using Fisher's exact test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Models were developed for premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In premenopausal women, white race, age at menarche < 12 years, and nulliparity or age at first birth > 20 years were used. The risk of ER+ cancer increased from 67.7% with 0 variables to 83.8% with all three (P = .013). In postmenopausal women, white race and a history of estrogen therapy were used. With none of the variables present, the incidence of ER+ cancer was 70.0%; it was 77.6% with one variable and 85.4% with both variables (P = .002). In postmenopausal women, variables predicted significant differences in hormone sensitivity only for those aged < or = 60 years. In the subset of women with information on alcohol use, adding this variable to the model improved the prediction of hormonal status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings, if prospectively validated, may help identify those who would obtain the greatest benefit from hormonal chemoprevention strategies for breast cancer risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Lynn Sage Breast Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Seema Rao
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gorla
authors.forename: Nanjiang
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Simbi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Seema
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Staradub
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D018890:Chemoprevention; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010298:Parity; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D044469:Racial Groups; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen