title: Vagus nerve stimulation therapy: 2-year prospective open-label study of 40 subjects with refractory epilepsy and low IQ who are living in long-term care facilities.
abstract: Treating seizures among patients with mental retardation/developmental disabilities (MR/DD) is difficult owing in large part to the presence of additional comorbidities and the resulting need for polytherapy. Therefore, a nonpharmacological treatment option is needed for this population. This prospective, open-label study documented the long-term outcome of 40 low-IQ (<70) patients living in long-term care facilities who received vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Subjects were seen every 1 to 3 months by their neurologist (R.H.). Seizure frequency, antiepileptic medication, and quality-of-life information were documented preimplantation and quarterly thereafter through 2 years. The surgery and therapy were well tolerated. Seizures were reduced by at least 50% for 11 subjects. Antiepileptic medications were reduced from 3.3 per subject at baseline to an average of 2.3 per subject after 2 years. According to caregiver reports, overall quality of life improved for the majority of subjects; also, using the Client Development Evaluation Report (CDER), statistically significant improvements were reported at both 1 and 2 years in attention span, word usage, clarity of speech, standing balance, washing dishes, and household chores. VNS is a viable treatment option for low-IQ patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy who are living in long-term care facilities.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy and Brain Mapping Program, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA. karacayem@netscape.net
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Huf
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mamelak
authors.forename: Kara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kneedy-Cayem
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003710:Demography; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000528:radiation effects*