title: Antimicrobial-resistant invasive Escherichia coli, Spain.
abstract: Surveillance System. A network of 32 Spanish hospitals, serving approximately 9.6 million persons, submitted antimicrobial-susceptibility data on 7,098 invasive Escherichia coli species (2001-2003). Resistance to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin was found at rates of 59.9%, 32.6%, 19.3%, 6.8%, and 5.3%, respectively. Resistance to multiple drugs increased from 13.8% in 2001 to 20.6% in 2003 (p <0.0001). Antimicrobial consumption data were obtained from the Spanish National Health System. In spite of decreased cephalosporin and beta-lactam use, overall extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production increased from 1.6% (2001) to 4.1% (2003) (p <0.0001), mainly due to the rising prevalence of cefotaximases. Resistance to ciprofloxacin significantly increased, mostly in community-onset infections, which coincided with a rise in community quinolone use. Cotrimoxazole resistance remained stable at approximately 30%, even though its use was dramatically reduced.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Jesús
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oteo
authors.forename: Edurne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lázaro
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: de Abajo
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baquero
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects*; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents