title: Local anesthesia reduces pain associated with transrectal prostatic biopsy. A prospective randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To test the hypothesis that periprostatic block could completely relief prostatic biopsy-associated pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients scheduled for transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy were randomized (1:1:1 ratio) to no analgesia (group A), endorectal enema of 1% lidocaine gel (group B) or transrectal periprostatic block (group C). All patients underwent 10 core TRUS-guided biopsy. After the procedure, a ten visual analogue pain score (VAS) from 0 = no discomfort to 10 = severe pain was administered to the biopsied patients and a global estimation of pain associated with the procedure was obtained. The study design included interim analysis of pain score after the first 60 patients were enrolled. Kruskal-Wallis test for unpaired data was used for statistical analysis. Data are presented as mean, median (range).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty patients were enrolled between May 2003 and December 2003 and all patients were evaluable. Mean and median age was 68.5 and 69 (range 53-82) years, respectively. Mean and median PSA was 86.8 and 9 ng/ml (range 0.58-4.111), respectively. No major side effects were observed. Patients in group A scored at VAS a median 4, mean 5.5 +/- 2.3 (range 3-10). Patients in group B scored a median 4, mean 5.5 +/- 2.7 (range 3-10) (p = 0.237). Patients receiving periprostatic injections of carbocaine (group C) scored a median 0, mean 0.5 +/- 0.8 (range 0-2). The level of pain reported by this group of patients was significantly different from those reported by patients who performed prostatic biopsy without anesthesia or with intrarectal anesthetic jelly (p = 0.00001). In the periprostatic block group 65% of patients referred no pain after the procedure (VAS = 0) while all patients in the other groups experience some degree of pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of bilateral periprostatic block is a very effective and useful technique, well tolerated by the patient, which almost completely abolishes the pain and discomfort associated with the prostatic biopsy procedure.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, II Faculty of Medicine, La Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trucchi
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Nunzio
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Palleschi
authors.forename: Lucio
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Miano
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tubaro
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008619:Mepivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008619:Mepivacaine