Immunotoxic effect of beta-chlorolactic acid on murine splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage function in vitro.
Beta-chlorolactic acid is a major intermediate of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) in mammalian species, which a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. beta-Chlorolactic acid has not been studied on immunotoxicity. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of beta-chlorolactic acid on murine splenocyte and macrophage in vitro, we investigated splenocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A), anti-CD3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the production of cytokines from splenocyte, and the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. beta-Chlorolactic acid suppressed significantly splenic blastogenesis to Con A or anti-CD3 from 8.5 to 54.7% at doses comprised between 200 and 800 microM. beta-Chlorolactic acid also suppressed significantly splenic blastogeneis to LPS from 8.5 to 71.5% at doses comprised between 200 and 800 microM. The production level of interferon (IFN)-g on splenocyte culture with Con A was significantly reduced from 21.5 to 51.4% at the higher concentration than 100 microM of beta-chlorolactic acid. The levels of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-4 were also decreased 22.6-58.4 and 10.2-36.6%, respectively, at high concentrations of beta-chlorolactic acid. There was a significant decrease from 6.1 to 40.8% in the production of nitric oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages treated with 400-1000 microuM beta-chlorolactic acid. These results indicate that beta-chlorolactic acid might be able to induce immunotoxic effect on immune response of lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
Lee
Jong Kwon
JK
Division of Immunotoxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, 122-704 Seoul, South Korea. jkleest@kfda.go.kr
Ryu
Mi Hyun
MH
Byun
Jung A
JA
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D007773:Lactates / Q000633:toxicity*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007773:Lactates; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003208:Concanavalin A; C007000:3-chlorolactate; D009569:Nitric Oxide