title: Intra-cervical versus i.v. fentanyl for abortion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of abortions are performed using a para-cervical block (without general anaesthesia) and involve a significant amount of pain. If fentanyl was given with the lidocaine in the para-cervical block, it potentially could improve pain control while decreasing side effects and avoiding i.v. access for women having abortions.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of two treatment arms: (i) para-cervical block with 100 microg of fentanyl i.v; or (ii) para-cervical block with 100 microg of fentanyl intra-cervically (i.c.) for first trimester abortion. The setting was a free-standing urban abortion clinic. The outcome measures were pain scores and side effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 104 women received the fentanyl i.v. and 98 received the fentanyl i.c. The two groups were similar with respect to age, gestational age, obstetric history, anxiety and depression. Pain scores (0-10) were 4.7 and 5.7 for dilation (P = 0.01) and 3.8 and 5.6 for suctioning (P < 0.001) in the i.v. and i.c. groups, respectively. Side effects were similar, but more women in the i.v. group received anti-emetics. More women in the i.c. group were dissatisfied with the pain control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I.v. fentanyl is more effective than i.c. fentanyl for pain control in abortion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Canada. ellenwiebe@telus.net
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Trouton
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savoy
mesh_terms: D000028:Abortion, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical / Q000379:methods; D002584:Cervix Uteri; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D008012:Lidocaine; D005283:Fentanyl