Assessment of developmental age: cross-sectional analysis of secondary sexual characteristics.
The developmental age of a growing person does not necessarily correspond to his or her chronological age. The two sexes differ considerably in their developmental tempo, and there are tempo differences also within the same sex. Early developers appear older, late developers appear younger than their chronological age might suggest. Based on a sample of 8675 German boys and 8689 girls of the same ethnicity, aged between 8 and 17 years sex differences of height, weight and secondary sexual characteristics are analyzed. Girls on average, develop faster than boys. Their peak of highest increments of height occurs at 10.2 years and is positioned early within the events of sexual maturity. The peak of highest increments of height in boys occurs at age 11.2 on average and is positioned relatively early within the sequences of secondary sexual characteristics. Maturing development starts with breast-stage 2 in girls at age 10.9 and penis-stage as well as scrotum-stage 2 in boys at age 11.1 on average. The development of pubic hair follows and menarche in girls at age 12.7, respectively spermarche in boys at age 13.8, marks the border to theoretical fertility. There are remarkable differences in the tempo of sexual development between the different types of body shape. In girls the pyknomorphic types are the early developers. Breast stage 2 for instance occurs at age 10.1 in the stocky and corpulent pyknomorphic girls and at age 13.0 in the tall and slender leptomorphic girls. This is different in boys. Here are much less differences between the types of body shape, but generally it is the leptomorphic type, at whom the stages of his secondary sexual characteristics are developed a little earlier.
Greil
Holle
H
Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Human Biology, University of Potsdam, Germany. greil@uni-potsdam.de
Kahl
Heidrun
H
D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012741:Sexual Maturation; D013008:Somatotypes