CpG oligonucleotides induce strong humoral but only weak CD4+ T cell responses to protein antigens in rhesus macaques in vivo.
Oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are strong adjuvants for humoral immune responses but data on cellular immune responses in primates are scarce. Rhesus macaque blood contained similar numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, the key sensors of CpG ODN, as human blood, and these cells were activated by CpG-A and CpG-B in vitro. In vivo, both ODNs induced equal plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein 10 and similarly enhanced antibody responses following i.m. injections of the ODNs, protein antigen, and aluminium hydroxide into rhesus macaques, whereas antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses were only slightly increased by CpG ODN.
Hartmann
Gunther
G
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
Marschner
Anja
A
Viveros
Pablo Renner
PR
Stahl-Hennig
Christiane
C
Eisenblätter
Martin
M
Suh
You-Suk
YS
Endres
Stefan
S
Tenner-Racz
Klara
K
Uberla
Klaus
K
Racz
Paul
P
Steinman
Ralph M
RM
Ignatius
Ralf
R
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011506:Proteins