title: The differential heritability of regular tobacco use based on method of administration.
abstract: Several large studies have demonstrated that the liability to smoke cigarettes is strongly genetically influenced. However, the role of genetic and environmental risk factors in the use of other common forms of tobacco use has yet to be studied. Data on the regular use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, dip (moist snuff), and chewing tobacco from 2634 male twins were analyzed with ACE structural equation models. Twin similarity for regular cigarette and dip use was largely genetic in origin. However, twin resemblance for chewing tobacco was just about equally the result of genes and shared environment, and twin similarity for use of pipes and cigars was entirely the result of shared environmental factors. Thus, the genetic influences on the liability for regular tobacco use appear to vary based on tobacco type. The causes for the use of different forms of tobacco are complex and worthy of further study.
authors.affiliation: Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0126, USA.
authors.forename: J Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schmitt
authors.forename: Carol A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: Charles O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kendler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000235:genetics*