title: Newly recognized hantaviruses associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northern Brazil: partial genetic characterization of viruses and serologic implication of likely reservoirs.
abstract: Following the occurrence of the first laboratory-confirmed cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Maranhao State, Brazil, rodents were trapped and rodent materials screened by ELISA for antibodies to Sin Nombre and Andes hantaviruses. Antibody-positive samples were tested by RT-PCR, amplified products were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed for comparison with known hantaviruses. From 104 rodent blood samples collected (40 Bolomys lasiurus, 52 Holochilus sciureus, 12 Oligoryzomys fornesi, and one Proechimys guyannensis), 21 (20.2%) were antibody-positive (one B. lasiurus, five O. fornesi, and 15 H. sciureus). Hantavirus RNA was amplified by PCR from two O. fornesi and four H. sciureus. Viral sequencing identified two hantavirus genotypes. The genotype recovered from O. fornesi, is designated herein as Anajatuba (ANAJ) and the genotype recovered from H. sciureus is designated Rio Mearim (RIME). Phylogenetic analysis of a 643-nucleotide region of the N segment showed both viruses to be most closely related (94-96% nucleotide homology) to Río Mamoré virus, a virus associated with Oligoryzomys microtis in Bolivia and Peru, but not found in northern Brazil. O. fornesi was frequently captured in and around human dwellings. H. sciureus, is a semi-aquatic rodent captured only in remote areas rarely frequented by humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Arboviruses, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Belém, PA, Brazil.
authors.forename: Elizabeth S T
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Paula J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Padula
authors.forename: Mauro R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Elkhoury
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ksiazek
authors.forename: Wellington S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Mendes
authors.forename: Elizabeth D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gisele C B
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Araújo
authors.forename: Valeria P
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Jorge F S T
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edelstein
authors.forename: Pedro F C
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D001483:Base Sequence; D001938:Brazil; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004197:Disease Reservoirs / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005838:Genotype; D006476:Orthohantavirus / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D018804:Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012377:Rodentia / Q000821:virology*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015047:Zoonoses
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral