title: Detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in melanocytic lesions using the ligase detection reaction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  BRAF is a member of the RAF kinase family, and it promotes signaling through the RAS-MAP kinase signal transduction cascade. Research has shown that a majority of melanomas and nevi exhibit an activating V600E (T1799A) mutation in BRAF exon 15. Additional studies of BRAF have demonstrated that the T1799A mutation is absent in uveal melanomas and Spitz nevi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ligase detection reaction (LDR) is a sensitive technique that can identify specific DNA mutations occurring at very low frequency within heterogeneous clinical samples, and it has previously been used to analyze mutations in paraffin-embedded tissue specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LDR can readily detect mutations in DNA extracted from non-microdissected paraffin-embedded sections of common nevi, dysplastic nevi, and melanomas. In addition, this method demonstrated the absence of the V600E (T1799A) mutation within Spitz nevi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The LDR is a highly sensitive and specific test for detecting mutations in formalin-fixed tissue. The LDR can be easily adapted to detect any mutation associated with a cutaneous disorder. The absence of the BRAF V600E mutation in Spitz's nevi may serve as a molecular signature to distinguish these lesions from common nevi, dysplastic nevi, and some types of malignant melanoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Cornell University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Monib A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zirvi
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barany
authors.forename: Rosalie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Elenitsas
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seykora
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004416:Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome / Q000235:genetics; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006801:Humans; D008025:Ligases; D008544:Melanocytes / Q000473:pathology; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009506:Nevus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014633:Valine
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D004247:DNA; C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D008025:Ligases; D014633:Valine