title: Activation of high-T(C) ferromagnetism in Mn2+-doped ZnO using amines.
abstract: We report the discovery that high-TC ferromagnetism in manganese-doped ZnO (Mn2+:ZnO) can be activated by amine binding and calcination. The activation of ferromagnetism is attributed to the incorporation of uncompensated p-type dopants into the ZnO lattice upon amine calcination, a process that has substantial precedence in the literature surrounding p-type ZnO. The experimental observations are consistent with a microscopic mechanism involving formation of bound magnetic polarons upon introduction of p-type dopants into Mn2+:ZnO. These results clearly demonstrate that Mn2+:ZnO ferromagnetism is critically sensitive to defects other than the magnetic dopants themselves, offering some insight into the diversity of experimental observations reported previously for this material.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Kittilstved
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gamelin