title: Langerhans cells stimulated by mechanical stress are susceptible to measles virus infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Measles virus (MV) first infects the human respiratory tract, but the initial target cells are unknown. We examined whether MV infects Langerhans cell-like dendritic cells (LCs) generated from CD14(+) monocytes in the presence of GM-CSF, IL-4, and TGF-beta1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured LCs were established as described recently [Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;306:674-679]. The expression of immunological markers was detected by FACScan. Infection with MV was assessed by syncytia formation, viral-specific fluorescence, and Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MV did not infect and replicate the freshly established, unstimulated LCs expressing CD1a, E-cadherin and Langerin but not CD83. Also, CD150, a receptor for MV was not expressed on the surface of the LCs. However, LCs stimulated by mechanical stress such as washing and centrifugation became susceptible to MV infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A subset of mechanically stimulated LCs but not unstimulated immature ones became susceptible to MV. The actual role of Langerhans cells in local immunity seems to be to suppress unfavorable reactions initiated by virus intrusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watari
authors.forename: Masumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000032:analysis; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D015820:Cadherins / Q000032:analysis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002498:Centrifugation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015726:Giant Cells; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000032:analysis; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000032:analysis; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins / Q000032:analysis; D008459:Measles virus / Q000502:physiology*; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D000097802:CD83 Antigen
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018949:Antigens, CD1; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D015820:Cadherins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D037241:Mannose-Binding Lectins; D051916:Membrane Cofactor Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D000071177:Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1; D000097802:CD83 Antigen; C419393:CD1a antigen; C121916:CD207 protein, human; C497857:CD46 protein, human; C000604059:SLAMF1 protein, human