Kallmann's syndrome and schizophrenia.
OBJECTIVE
Kallmann's Syndrome is a heritable disorder characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. A common pathogenesis for KS and schizophrenia had been proposed based on shared pathologies of these two disorders, although no such clinical associations have ever been reported.


METHODS
We report a 35 year old man with schizophrenia and Kallmann's Syndrome. The patient presented with signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, severe hyposmia and normal endocrine functions of the anterior pituitary. Hyposmia has been attributed to the absence of the olfactory bulbs and tracts and atrophy of the olfactory gyri, but normal olfactory mucosa. The patient presented with paranoid schizophrenia with persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations, thought disorder, depersonalization, and gradual but marked global deterioration.


RESULTS
Psychiatric evaluation revealed an entirely different psychopathological and personality profile between the patient and the six other Kallmann patients studied. Cycle sequencing analysis revealed a normal sequence of all 14 exons of the KAL gene. In conclusion, based on the presented case, Kallmann's Syndrome and schizophrenia represent a rare clinical association rather than a syndrome with a common pathogenesis, which if present should be confined to the olfactory dysfunction.
Vagenakis
George A
GA
University of Patras Medical School, Greece.
Hyphantis
Thomas N
TN
Papageorgiou
Charalabos
C
Protonatariou
Anthi
A
Sgourou
Argyro
A
Dimopoulos
Panayotis A
PA
Mavreas
Venetsanos
V
Vagenakis
Apostolos G
AG
Georgopoulos
Neoklis A
NA
D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008950:MMPI; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000473:pathology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires