title: Neural crest stem cell maintenance by combinatorial Wnt and BMP signaling.
abstract: Canonical Wnt signaling instructively promotes sensory neurogenesis in early neural crest stem cells (eNCSCs) (Lee, H.Y., M. Kleber, L. Hari, V. Brault, U. Suter, M.M. Taketo, R. Kemler, and L. Sommer. 2004. Science. 303:1020-1023). However, during normal development Wnt signaling induces a sensory fate only in a subpopulation of eNCSCs while other cells maintain their stem cell features, despite the presence of Wnt activity. Hence, factors counteracting Wnt signaling must exist. Here, we show that bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling antagonizes the sensory fate-inducing activity of Wnt/beta-catenin. Intriguingly, Wnt and BMP act synergistically to suppress differentiation and to maintain NCSC marker expression and multipotency. Similar to NCSCs in vivo, NCSCs maintained in culture alter their responsiveness to instructive growth factors with time. Thus, stem cell development is regulated by combinatorial growth factor activities that interact with changing cell-intrinsic cues.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Hönggerberg, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kléber
authors.forename: Hye-Youn
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wurdak
authors.forename: Johanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchstaller
authors.forename: Martin M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Riccomagno
authors.forename: Lars M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ittner
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sommer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D009432:Neural Crest / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; C495268:Ctnnb1 protein, rat; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin