title: In vitro antioxidant activity of polyphenol extracts with antiviral properties from Geranium sanguineum L.
abstract: Recent evidence shows that plant polyphenols exhibit antioxidant and radical scavenging properties. By three separate and complementary methods--DPPH assay, beta-carotene-linoleic acid assay and NBT-reduction assay it was established that a polyphenol-rich extract from the medicinal plant Geranium sanguineum L. with strong anti-influenza virus activity, possessed antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities. For comparative reasons caffeic acid and the synthetic antioxidant BHT were used. Total soluble phenolic constituents of the MeOH extract measured by Folin-Ciocalteu reagent were found as 34.60% (w/w). Further it was demonstrated that the EtOAc fraction, retaining the majority of the in vivo protective effect exhibited a strong O2-scavenging activity while the n-BuOH fraction, containing the majority of the in vitro antiviral activity provoked generation of O2-. The O2- scavenging activity of all three preparations correlated with the rate of the protective effect shown in the murine model of experimental influenza virus infection. The present results are in accordance with our intensive studies on the mode of the protective effect of the plant extract which showed positively that the protection may possibly be attributed to the combination of more than one biological activities and that the use of antioxidants might be an useful approach in the treatment of influenza infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Literature, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.
authors.forename: Munevver
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokmen
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Angelova
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krumova
authors.forename: Svetlana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pashova
authors.forename: Stefka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ivancheva
authors.forename: Atalay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sokmen
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Serkedjieva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002031:Bulgaria; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D031315:Geranium / Q000737:chemistry*; D006384:Hemagglutination / Q000187:drug effects; D006388:Hemagglutinins / Q000378:metabolism; D006834:Hydrazines; D009980:Influenza A virus; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D051379:Mice; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010636:Phenols / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D059808:Polyphenols; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013481:Superoxides; D019207:beta Carotene
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006388:Hemagglutinins; D006834:Hydrazines; D010636:Phenols; D010851:Picrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D019207:beta Carotene; D013481:Superoxides; D019787:Linoleic Acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl