title: Prenatal programming of behavior: a twin-study perspective.
abstract: This paper reviews three designs that compare co-twins in tests of prenatal programming. The first design uses co-twin comparisons to attempt within-family replications of between-family associations, reported in non-twins, between reduced fetal growth and risk for later disease or behavior disorder. These replication efforts are mixed, perhaps due to small samples of weight-discordant twins, perhaps confounded by differences in the meaning of fetal growth in twins. The second design compares monozygotic co-twins from pairs differing in their placentation, with some evidence, again constrained by sample limitations that twins sharing a single placenta are more alike in dimensions of cognitive ability and personality. A third design employs a dermatoglyphic index of bilateral asymmetry as a marker of reduced buffering from environmental noise, with positive results from MZ twins that await necessary replication in longitudinal data from non-twins. Twin comparisons, especially the comparisons of monozygotic co-twins, offer an informative and incisive approach for research on prenatal programming in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Room 132, Psychology Bldg, 1101 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. rose@indiana.edu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D047109:Fetal Development; D005824:Genetics, Behavioral; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010929:Placentation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012931:Social Environment; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic