title: Twenty years of calcium imaging: cell physiology to dye for.
abstract: The use of fluorescent dyes over the past two decades has led to a revolution in our understanding of calcium signaling. Given the ubiquitous role of Ca(2+) in signal transduction at the most fundamental levels of molecular, cellular, and organismal biology, it has been challenging to understand how the specificity and versatility of Ca(2+) signaling is accomplished. In excitable cells, the coordination of changing Ca(2+) concentrations at global (cellular) and well-defined subcellular spaces through the course of membrane depolarization can now be conceptualized in the context of disease processes such as cardiac arrhythmogenesis. The spatial and temporal dimensions of Ca(2+) signaling are similarly important in non-excitable cells, such as endothelial and epithelial cells, to regulate multiple signaling pathways that participate in organ homeostasis as well as cellular organization and essential secretory processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and Division of Cardiology College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Harm J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Knot
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Laher
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sobie
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guatimosim
authors.forename: Leticia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gomez-Viquez
authors.forename: Hali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Long-Sheng
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lederer
authors.forename: Wolfgang F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Graier
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Malli
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frieden
authors.forename: Ole H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Petersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D012519:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002118:Calcium