title: Complex nasal defects: structure and internal lining.
abstract: The development of nasal reconstruction concepts such as the three-layered (lining, structure, and covering) repair has led to remarkable esthetic and functional improvements. The authors present a variety of techniques for providing nasal structure and internal lining and discuss the application of these methods to specific nasal defects.
authors.affiliation: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis Medical Center, 2521 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Travis T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Tollefson
authors.forename: J David
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kriet
mesh_terms: D016025:Bone Transplantation; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000601:surgery; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D009669:Nose Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps