title: Towards an evidence-based understanding of Peyronie's disease.
abstract: Aetiopathogenesis and therapy for Peyronie's disease are summarized below.
  (a) Plaque fibroblasts and their products provoke an immune response; (b) there are chromosomal differences between plaques and normal albuginea; (c) plaque fibroblasts are immortalized cells; (d) plaque fibroblasts demonstrate an impaired mitochondrial activity. These patterns provoke inflammation and they compel us to regard Peyronie's disease as being more similar to keloids than to scars.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical therapy plays a pivotal role in the management of Peyronie's disease and should be performed prior to any surgery. Intraplaque collagenase, intraplaque verapamil, intraplaque interferon, oral acetyl-L-carnitine, oral propionyl-L-carnitine and oral colchicine have proved effective in Peyronie's disease. With the exception of collagenase, these drugs have displayed a number of activities whose final result is to improve immune response, to inhibit inflammation and to inhibit fibroblast metabolism and replication. Therefore, the primitive replicative (rather than reactive) nature of the disease is confirmed; this knowledge may be of help in the identification of new non-surgical therapies for Peyronie's disease.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Andrology, Società Italiana di Studi di Medicina della Riproduzione (SISMER), via Mazzini 12, 40138 Bologna, Italy. giorgiocavallini@libero.it
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavallini
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002331:Carnitine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010411:Penile Induration / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D010413:Penis / Q000473:pathology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D014700:Verapamil; D002331:Carnitine