title: Microtubules are dispensable for the initial pathogenic development but required for long-distance hyphal growth in the corn smut fungus Ustilago maydis.
abstract: Fungal pathogenicity often involves a yeast-to-hypha transition, but the structural basis for this dimorphism is largely unknown. Here we analyze the role of the cytoskeleton in early steps of pathogenic development in the corn pathogen Ustilago maydis. On the plant yeast-like cells recognize each other, undergo a cell cycle arrest, and form long conjugation hyphae, which fuse and give rise to infectious filaments. F-actin is essential for polarized growth at all these stages and for cell-cell fusion. Furthermore, F-actin participates in pheromone secretion, but not perception. Although U. maydis contains prominent tubulin arrays, microtubules are neither required for cell-cell recognition, nor for cell-cell fusion, and have only minor roles in morphogenesis of yeast-like cells. Without microtubules hyphae are formed, albeit at 60% reduced elongation rates, but they reach only approximately 50 mum in length and the nucleus fails to migrate into the hypha. A similar phenotype is found in dynein mutants that have a nuclear migration defect and stop hyphal elongation at approximately 50 mum. These results demonstrate that microtubules are dispensable for polarized growth during morphological transition, but become essential in long-distance hyphal growth, which is probably due to their role in nuclear migration.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, D-35043 Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Uta
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Manns
authors.forename: Gero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steinberg
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology; D016764:Cell Polarity; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D007211:Indoles; D007700:Kinetics; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D010675:Pheromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053778:Thiazolidines; D014588:Ustilago / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D010675:Pheromones; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; C007293:DAPI; C037067:latrunculin A