title: The effect of Pencan needle orientation on spinal anesthesia outcomes.
abstract: Slow resolution of block and incidence of side effects deter many practitioners from choosing spinal anesthesia for out-patient surgical procedures. Some studies suggest that controlling bevel or side port orientation of a spinal needle during anesthetic injection can affect occurrence of side effects and time to block resolution. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of varying Pencan spinal needle (B-Braun, Bethlehem, Pa) side port orientations on duration of block and incidence of side effects in groups of patients receiving spinal anesthesia. We randomized 87 subjects scheduled for spinal anesthesia to receive a spinal anesthesia injection using a cephalad, lateral, or caudad side port orientation. Onset, duration, block height, incidence of side effects, and analgesic requirements were among the variables measured. No difference in onset, duration, or analgesic requirements was noted among groups. Differences were noted in time to discharge from the hospital (P = .027) and time to first voiding (P = .023) in the lateral compared with the cephalad and caudad orientation groups. Patients in whom the lateral needle side port orientation was used for injection were discharged earlier and had fewer side effects. This could translate into significant savings, financially and in terms of staff requirements.
authors.affiliation: Naval Hospital, Okinawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wofford
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pellegrini
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000328:Adult; D000556:Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017046:Cost Savings; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009339:Needles; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D005283:Fentanyl; D002045:Bupivacaine