title: Clinical impact of preexisting vascular calcifications on mortality after renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular calcifications (VC) are a well-known cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) in uremic patients. However, their role on mortality after renal transplantation (RT) is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1117 RT recipients, we investigated the association between long-term survival and the presence of VC, evaluated by preoperative posteroanterior plain radiography from aorto-iliac region, at the time of RT. The primary study outcome was all-cause mortality. Other perioperative CVRF were also collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  VC were observed in 273 patients (24.4%) before RT; additionally, 132 (12%) patients died during follow-up, due, mainly, to cardiovascular (39%) or infectious (24%) complications. As expected, patients with VC showed a higher age and a greater number of CVRF than those without VC. Overall mortality rate was also higher in VC group (19 vs. 9.5%; P= 0.0001), as well as cardiovascular mortality (9.5 vs. 3.1; P= 0.048). Multivariate Cox model showed that VC were predictor of overall mortality [relative risk (RR) 1.8; 95% CI 1.1-2.8; P= 0.015] and cardiovascular mortality (RR 2.6; 95%CI 1.1-6); P= 0.033), independently of other CVRF. An interaction between the presence of VC and diabetes was found. The effect of VC on mortality was evident in nondiabetic patients, that is, those with VC had a significantly higher mortality rate than patients without VC (21 vs. 9%; P= 0.0001). By contrast, these differences were not observed in diabetic patients (16.5 vs. 14.3%; P= 0.656).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VC evaluated by a simple and inexpensive plain radiography are an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality following RT. This finding may encourage the implementation of appropriate therapeutic strategies after RT.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Section, Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Instituto Reina Sofia de Investigación, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. dhmarrero@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Domingo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rufino
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bartolomei
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: González-Rinne
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cobo
authors.forename: Armando
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001266:Atlantic Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*