title: Inhibition of NADPH oxidase attenuates vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to investigate whether apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, attenuates vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were subjected to endovascular perforation of the right anterior cerebral artery or sham surgery. Beginning 2 hours after SAH, rats were administered 50 mg/kg apocynin or vehicle by intraperitoneal injection 3 times daily for 2 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In SAH rats, apocynin treatment enlarged basilar artery diameter (SAH/apocynin=253+/-71 microm, SAH/saline=191+/-60 microm, P<0.01; SAH=190+/-58 microm, sham=276+/-52 microm, P<0.01), reduced neurological deficits (SAH/apocynin=24+/-6.5, SAH/saline=18+/-5.3, P<0.05; SAH=18+/-4.7, sham=27+/-0, P<0.01), decreased NADPH oxidase activity (SAH/apocynin=18.4+/-3.7, SAH/saline=25.7+/-5.2, P<0.05; SAH=27.5+/-5.8, sham=15.4+/-4.5 nmol/min per mg protein, P<0.05), decreased superoxide level (SAH/apocynin=6.5+/-1.8, SAH/saline=9.6+/-2.2, P<0.05; SAH=9.8+/-1.9, sham=4.9+/-0.9 arbitrary units, P<0.05), and lowered membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhibition of NADPH oxidase attenuates delayed cerebral vasospasm after experimental SAH, suggesting that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase may provide a therapeutic strategy for vasospasm after SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. zhengjiesheng@126.com
authors.forename: Jie-Sheng
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Ren-Ya
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Shu-Sen
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Yong-Qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wan
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001488:Basilar Artery / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D013481:Superoxides; C056165:acetovanillone; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C060505:neutrophil cytosolic factor 1