title: Effect of water on the palladium-catalyzed amidation of aryl bromides.
abstract: The presence of water was found to have a significant impact on the conversion of some Hartwig-Buchwald reactions between amides with arylbromides. Seven amidation reactions were studied in a series of experiments containing 0-400 mol % water. When cesium carbonate is used as the base both in dioxane and toluene, water can have a beneficial effect. The experiments have also shown that for some reactions, anhydrous conditions are unnecessary and sometimes can hinder the reaction.
authors.affiliation: Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Center for Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: Andrea S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dallas
authors.forename: Kurt V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Gothelf