title: Autonomic modulation of altered diurnal hemodynamic profiles in ethanol-fed hypertensive rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent report from the authors' laboratory showed that circadian hemodynamic rhythms are altered in hypertension due partly to irregularities in cardiovascular autonomic control. This study investigated the long-term effects of chronic ethanol feeding (5% w/v, 12 weeks) on the circadian profiles of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and their variability in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Radiotelemetry was used for hemodynamic monitoring. The time-domain measures of the variability of BP (standard deviation of mean arterial pressure [SDMAP]) and HR (standard deviation of R-R intervals [SDRR] and root mean square of successive differences in R-R intervals [rMSSD]) were taken as indices of cardiovascular autonomic activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Control WKY rats displayed normal circadian rhythms (i.e., higher dark-time compared with light-time values) of BP, HR, and their variability indices during weeks 6 through 12 of the study. These circadian rhythms were abolished (BP), inverted (HR, SDMAP), or enhanced (SDRR, rMSSD) in SHRs. Ethanol feeding produced sustained hypotension during both light and dark cycles that was 3-fold greater in SHRs than in WKY rats. SDMAP was not affected by ethanol in WKY rats and showed reductions, mostly during light times, in SHRs. Ethanol also caused significant increases in HR in SHRs only during dark periods, probably because of the inhibition of cardiac vagal activity as indicated by temporal reductions in rMSSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results implicate autonomic factors in the altered diurnal hemodynamic profile by ethanol in SHRs and highlight the possibility of increased risk of cardiac events in hypertensive patients due to alcohol use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA.
authors.forename: Mahmoud M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: El-Mas
authors.forename: Abdel A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Abdel-Rahman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D004032:Diet; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D013686:Telemetry
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol