Identification of 9alpha,11beta-prostaglandin F2 in human amniotic fluid and characterization of its production by human gestational tissues.
BACKGROUND
9alpha,11beta-Prostaglandin F(2) (9alpha,11beta-PGF(2)) can contract uterine smooth muscle with a potency equal to PGF(2alpha). Its presence in the human uterus and production by human gestational tissues is unknown.


OBJECTIVE
These studies were performed to determine whether the PGD(2)-derived 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2) is both present in human amniotic fluid and synthesized by human gestational tissues and if so, whether labor-related substances could regulate its production.


RESULTS
Detectable concentrations of 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2) were found in amniotic fluid samples and appeared to increase in late gestation. All gestational tissues studied synthesized 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2), with the placenta having the highest basal production rate, followed by the amnion and then the choriodecidua. IL-1beta and TNFalpha caused concentration-dependent increases in 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2) production in human amnion and choriodecidual explants. Moreover, treatment of choriodecidual and placental explants with lipopolysaccharide resulted in a significant increase in 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2) production rates, reaching a maximum of 13-fold in the choriodecidua. Studies examining the effects of the addition of exogenous PGD(2) strongly indicated that the choriodecidua has significant ability to convert PGD(2) to 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2), whereas the amnion has little.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate for the first time that 9alpha,11beta-PGF(2) is present in human amniotic fluid and that it is produced by human gestational tissues and up-regulated by bacterial cell wall components and proinflammatory cytokines. We suggest that this prostaglandin may play a part in the mechanisms of human labor at term and preterm.
Mitchell
Murray D
MD
Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 2-6 Park Avenue, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand. m.mitchell@auckland.ac.nz
Chang
Maxwell C
MC
Chaiworapongsa
Tinnakorn
T
Lan
Hao-Yi
HY
Helliwell
Rachel J A
RJ
Romero
Roberto
R
Sato
Timothy A
TA
D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002823:Chorion / Q000378:metabolism*; D003656:Decidua / Q000378:metabolism*; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D015237:Dinoprost; D015230:Prostaglandin D2