Interdependence of oestrogen and insulin-like growth factor-I in the brain: potential for analysing neuroprotective mechanisms.
The actions of oestradiol in the brain involve interaction with growth factors, such as insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Many cells in the brain co-express receptors for oestradiol and IGF-I and both factors interact to regulate neural function. The relationship of oestrogen receptor alpha with IGF-I receptor through the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathways may represent the point of convergence used by these two factors to cooperatively modulate neuritic growth, synaptic plasticity, neuroendocrine events, reproductive behaviour and neuronal survival. In addition, Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta are key molecular targets to explain the interaction of oestrogen and IGF-I receptor signalling in the promotion of neuroprotection.
Mendez
Pablo
P
Instituto Cajal, CSIC, E-28002 Madrid, Spain.
Azcoitia
Iñigo
I
Garcia-Segura
Luis Miguel
LM
D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002470:Cell Survival; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission
D004958:Estradiol; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D005947:Glucose; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017451:Receptors, Somatomedin; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human