title: Drug treatment modalities in psychiatric inpatient practice: a 20-year comparison.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study investigated whether the increased number of psychotropic agents available in Italy in the last 20 years increased the proportion of inpatients being treated with individual medication classes and the proportion receiving combined treatments with agents of the same class or of different classes.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted in South-Verona, Italy. From the local Psychiatric Case Register (PCR) all patients consecutively admitted to the inpatient unit during the years 1981/1982, 1991/92 and 2001/02 were extracted. Drug use at discharge was derived from clinical records, while service use data were extracted from the PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the six years surveyed 160 patients were admitted in 1981/82, 139 in 1991/92 and 228 in 2001/02. An increasing proportion of subjects receiving antipsychotic, antidepressant and benzodiazepine treatment at discharge was observed. In addition, we found an increasing proportion of patients receiving two or more psychotropic drugs at discharge, which accounted for almost 80% of cases in 2001/02. The number of psychotropic agents prescribed at hospital discharge was positively correlated with the total consumption of psychotropic drugs. A relevant proportion of patients were also dispensed agents for medical conditions, yielding an average number of 3.2 prescriptions in 2001/02. The Lavik score, a summary index of service use, indicated that subjects admitted in 1981/82 were moderate users of psychiatric services, while those admitted in 1991/92 and in 2001/02 were high users of psychiatric services.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study documented emerging trends toward polypharmacotherapy and higher total doses. Additional pharmacoepidemiological research is needed to clarify both the beneficial and, potentially, adverse effects associated with these trends in psychiatric pharmacotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, Ospedale Policlinico, 37134 Verona, Italy. corrado.barbui@univr.it
authors.forename: Corrado
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbui
authors.forename: Arcangelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ciuna
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nosè
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andretta
authors.forename: Scott B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Patten
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Amaddeo
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tansella
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007297:Inpatients; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000639:trends*; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012042:Registries; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs; D001569:Benzodiazepines