title: Forming a stable memory representation in the first year of life: why imitation is more than child's play.
abstract: Although 9-month-old infants are capable of retaining temporally ordered information over long delays, this ability is relatively fragile. It may be possible to facilitate long-term retention by allowing infants to imitate event sequences immediately after their presentation. The effects of imitation on immediate and delayed recognition and on long-term recall were investigated using event-related potentials (ERPs) and elicited imitation, respectively. Mnemonic facilitation resulting from the opportunity to imitate was apparent using both assessments. ERP assessments at immediate and delayed recognition tests suggested that infants who were allowed to imitate had stronger memory representations of familiar stimuli relative to infants who only viewed the presentation of the events. In addition, infants who were allowed to imitate evidenced higher levels of ordered recall after 1 month relative to infants who only watched the experimenter's demonstration. Therefore, imitation proved to have beneficial effects on explicit memory in 9(1/2)-month-olds, providing evidence of its effectiveness as a tool to augment mnemonic capabilities in infancy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0345, USA.
authors.forename: Angela F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Lukowski
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Wiebe
authors.forename: Jennifer C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Haight
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: DeBoer
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007100:Imitative Behavior; D007223:Infant; D007802:Language; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010988:Play and Playthings / Q000523:psychology*; D002666:Psychology, Child; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors