title: Physical activity, plasma antioxidant capacity, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in young and older men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sedentary aging is associated with oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between long-term physical activity, plasma antioxidant status, and conduit artery endothelial function in young and older healthy men.
  
  
  METHODS
  In young (n = 16) and older athletes (n = 16) and in matched healthy sedentary subjects, endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and endothelium-independent response to glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), 400 microg, were measured in the brachial artery from high-resolution ultrasonography. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity as total oxyradical scavenging capacity (TOSC) were also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that FMD was lower (< or =0.01) in sedentary older subjects (2.3% +/- 1.0%) as compared with older athletes (5.3% +/- 3.2%) and both sedentary (5.4% +/- 2.0%) and athletically trained (6.1% +/- 3.2%) young subjects. Sedentary older subjects showed higher (P < or = .05) MDA levels and lower (P < .0001) plasma antioxidant capacity as compared with the other subgroups, whereas in older athletes MDA levels and antioxidant capacity were similar to those observed in the young subgroups. In the whole group, FMD, but not GTN, was negatively related to age (r = -0.31, P < .05) and directly related (P < or = .01) to VO2max (r = 0.49) and TOSC against peroxyl (r = 0.69) and hydroxyl radicals (r = 0.53). In the multivariate analysis, TOSC against peroxyl radicals resulted as the most significant predictor of FMD (R2 = 0.60; P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that regular physical activity is associated with preserved antioxidant defenses and endothelial function in older individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. f.franzoni@int.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Ferdinando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Franzoni
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghiadoni
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Galetta
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Plantinga
authors.forename: Valter
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lubrano
authors.forename: Yale
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvetti
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Regoli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvetti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000502:physiology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005996:Nitroglycerin