title: Measurement of kinetic energy dissipation with gelatine fissure formation with special reference to gelatine validation.
abstract: Various methods for calculating the amount of kinetic energy dissipated by a bullet into ballistic gelatine have been suggested in literature. These methods were compared using the results of thirteen 9 mmx19 mm pistol and five 7.62 mmx 39 mm rifle bullets shot into 10% ballistic gelatine. The Wound Profile Method gave the highest correlation, 0.89, with the measured amounts of dissipated kinetic energy. The Fissure surface area and total crack length method gained 0.51 and 0.52, respectively. The experimental results were also compared with those from pig tests with the same bullet types. Using the z-test at 95% level of confidence no difference between impact velocity normalized bullet decelerations could be determined for the 9 mm bullet used. The same test showed significant difference for 7.62 mm bullets. That, however, can be considered to be the result of the bullet's tendency to tumble in non-homogenous living tissue causing significant dispersion of observed deceleration values. The results add further evidence supporting the validity of 10% gelatine at +4 degrees C as wound ballistic tissue simulant. The study also introduces the use of an elastic "shroud" to hold the gelatine in place, to some extent reduce the effects of asymmetric expansion of the gelatine and to simulate the expansion suppression effect of surrounding tissues.
authors.affiliation: Police Technical Centre, Helsinki, Finland. jorma.jussila@ptk.poliisi.fi
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jussila
mesh_terms: D005554:Forensic Medicine; D005780:Gelatin; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005780:Gelatin