title: Do unto others as they do unto you: reciprocity and social identification as determinants of ingroup favoritism.
abstract: Predictions from the bounded and unbounded reciprocity hypotheses and from social identity theory (SIT) were examined in a minimal group experiment in which ingroup outcome dependence, outgroup outcome dependence, and the strength of social identity were orthogonally manipulated. Both ingroup and outgroup outcome dependence affected reward allocations. Participants made more ingroup-favoring reward allocations across all conditions. The identification manipulation produced hypothesized effects on social identification measures and marginal effects of identification on reward allocations in the no-dependence condition. Support was found for both an unbounded and bounded version of the reciprocity hypothesis and marginal support for a SIT approach to intergroup discrimination. The study highlights insufficiencies of both theoretical approaches and suggests possibilities for integration and elaboration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands. kestroebe@fsw.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stroebe
authors.forename: Hein F M
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Lodewijkx
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spears
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004192:Discrimination, Psychological; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012201:Reward; D012933:Social Identification; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires