title: Nongenomic effect of thyroid hormone on free-radical production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
abstract: Over the past few years increasing evidence has suggested the nongenomic effects of thyroid hormone, such as the activation of the signal transduction pathways and the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB by the induction of oxidative stress. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of thyroid hormone on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) which are known as important sources of reactive oxygen species in the circulation. The production of superoxide anion (O2-) and the activity of myeloperoxidase were determined in the presence and absence of several inhibitors of the signalling pathway. L-thyroxine (T4) l-3,5,3'-tri-iodothyronine (T3) and L-3,5-di-iodothyronine (T2) stimulated O2- production in PMNLs in a dose-dependent manner within a few minutes of addition to cells. Thyroid hormone-stimulated O2- production was partially inhibited by pertussis toxin, an inhibitor of GTP-binding G protein, and was completely abolished by the protein kinase C inhibitors calphostin C and Ro-32-0432, and by a calcium chelator (BAPTA; bis-(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetra-acetic acid). Thyroid hormone stimulated myeloperoxidase activity and induced 125I- incorporation into PMNLs. Furthermore, thyroid hormone pre-incubation enhanced O2- production for n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation. In conclusion, novel nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone, the induction of superoxide anion production and the stimulation of myeloperoxidase activity in PMNLs were demonstrated. The induction of O2- production requires calcium and is mediated by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein via stimulation of protein kinase C(s). These results suggest the existence of a membrane-bound binding site for thyroid hormone in PMNLs and a physiological role for thyroid hormone in the cellular defence mechanisms by stimulating free-radical production.
authors.affiliation: Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mezosi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szabo
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borbely
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paragh
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Varga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004104:Diiodothyronines / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000378:metabolism; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002614:Chelating Agents; D004104:Diiodothyronines; D005609:Free Radicals; D007211:Indoles; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D009281:Naphthalenes; D011758:Pyrroles; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013481:Superoxides; C085989:Ro 32-0432; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D009195:Peroxidase; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins; C058819:calphostin C; C025603:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; D013974:Thyroxine