Correlation between shaking behaviors and seizure severity in five animal models of convulsive seizures.
Wet dog shakes (WDS) and head shakes (HS) are associated with experimentally induced convulsive seizures. We sought to determine whether these behaviors are correlated or not with major (status epilepticus (SE) or fully kindled animals) or minor (non-SE or partially kindled animals) seizure severity. WDS are directly correlated with SE induced by intracerebral star fruit extract (Averrhoa carambola) injection and with kindled animals in the amygdala fast kindling model. On the other hand, WDS are inversely correlated with SE induced by intracerebral bicuculline and pilocarpine injections. Systemic pilocarpine in animals pretreated with methyl-scopolamine barely induced WDS or HS. The role of shaking behaviors may vary from ictal to anticonvulsant depending on the experimental seizure model, circuitries involved, and stimulus intensity. The physical presence of acrylic helmets may per se inhibit the HS response. Also, methyl-scopolamine, a drug incapable of crossing the blood-brain barrier, can induce HS in animals without acrylic helmets.
Rodrigues
Marcelo Cairrão Araújo
MC
Physiology Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rossetti
Franco
F
Foresti
Maira Licia
ML
Arisi
Gabriel Maisonnave
GM
Furtado
Márcio Araújo
MA
Dal-Cól
Maria Luiza Cleto
ML
Bertti
Poliana
P
Fernandes
Artur
A
Santos
Francisco Leite
FL
Del Vecchio
Flávio
F
Garcia-Cairasco
Norberto
N
D000679:Amygdala / Q000528:radiation effects; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000633:toxicity; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007696:Kindling, Neurologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D008297:Male; D008857:Microscopy, Interference / Q000379:methods; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000633:toxicity; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000633:toxicity; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000633:toxicity; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000633:toxicity; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D013997:Time Factors
D018756:GABA Antagonists; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010862:Pilocarpine; D012601:Scopolamine; D001640:Bicuculline