Successes and missed opportunities in protecting our children's health: critical junctures in the history of children's health policy in the United States.
This article revisits several turning points in the history of child health policy for the purpose of understanding why many current health needs of children have not been addressed. We demonstrate how the rupture of ties between child medical and child welfare leaders, as well as the fault lines between various health care professionals, led to difficulties in establishing programs for children in the early 20th century. We note how wartime mobilizations helped to make the needs of the nation's youth apparent to political leaders and observe that programs begun in response to these discoveries often were ended in peacetime. Finally, we discuss how politics shaped the situation wherein maternal and child health programs, including Medicaid, are need based, severely underfunded, and administered by the states, whereas benefit programs for the elderly, including Medicare and Social Security, are general entitlements administered at the federal level.
Markel
Howard
H
Center for the History of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, 100 Simpson Memorial Institute, Box 0725, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0725, USA. howard@umich.edu
Golden
Janet
J
D002648:Child; D002662:Child Health Services / Q000266:history; D002669:Child Welfare / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D006291:Health Policy / Q000266:history*; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049674:History, 21st Century; D006801:Humans; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000266:history; D011057:Politics; D012943:Social Security / Q000266:history / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D014481:United States