title: IL-1beta-mediated innate immunity is amplified in the db/db mouse model of type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Chronic inflammation appears to play a critical role in type 2 diabetes and its complications. Here we tested the hypothesis that this inflammatory dysregulation affects the IL-1beta system and has functional consequences in the brain. Diabetic, db/db, and nondiabetic, db/+, mice were administered i.p. LPS, a potent cytokine inducer, at a dose of 100 microg/kg/mouse. db/db mouse innate immune-associated sickness behavior was 14.8, 33, 44.7, and 34% greater than that of db/+ mice at 2, 4, 8, and 12 h, respectively. When a fixed dose of LPS was used (5 microg/mouse), db/db mouse sickness was again enhanced 18.4, 22.2, and 14.5% at 4, 8, and 12 h as compared with db/+ mice. In diabetic mice, peritoneal macrophages produced more IL-1beta in response to LPS, and peritoneal levels of IL-1beta induced by LPS were increased. Importantly, IL-1R antagonist and type 2 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R2) failed to up-regulate in response to LPS in db/db mice. Finally, both peripheral and central administration of IL-1beta, itself, induced sickness in db/db mice that mimicked the effects of peripheral LPS and was significantly greater than that seen in db/+ mice. Taken together, these results indicate that IL-1beta-mediated innate immunity is augmented in db/db mice both at the periphery and in the brain, and the mechanism is due to diabetes-associated loss of IL-1beta counterregulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champain, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
authors.forename: Jason C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Ansuman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Satpathy
authors.forename: Matthew E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Emily M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Keith W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dantzer
authors.forename: Rodney W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Gregory G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Freund
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000633:toxicity; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D018448:Models, Immunological; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C507764:Il1rn protein, mouse; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017472:Receptors, Interleukin-1; D053574:Receptors, Interleukin-1 Type II; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D004247:DNA