title: Location of the glenoid defect in shoulders with recurrent anterior dislocation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder, it is well known that the glenoid rim is often deficient (8%-95%). However, little is known regarding the precise location of the bony defect of the glenoid.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The bony defect is anterior rather than anteroinferior to the glenoid.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study (symptom prevalence); Level of evidence, 2.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied 3-dimensional images of the glenoid reconstructed from computed tomography to determine the location of the glenoid defect in 123 shoulders of 123 patients with recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. They measured the location, extent, and orientation of the defect based on the clock face of the glenoid.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The defects were located between 12:08 and 6:32, with the range between 2:30 and 4:20 being the most frequent. The extent of the glenoid defect was 106.7 degrees +/- 27.1 degrees (mean +/- standard deviation). The mean orientation of the defect was pointing toward 3:01 on the clock face of the glenoid, at a mean angle of 90.5 degrees +/- 10.4 degrees from the 12-o'clock direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glenoid defect is located almost anterior to the glenoid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidetomo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Itoi
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sugaya
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minagawa
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yilihamu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tuoheti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012783:Shoulder Dislocation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed