title: Differences in leisure-time, household, and work-related physical activity by race, ethnicity, and education.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Racial and ethnic minority groups have lower levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) than whites, but it is unclear how much of this is explained by differences in socioeconomic status and health.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in LTPA, work-related physical activity (WRPA; heavy household chores and strenuous job activities), and total physical activity (TPA) by race, ethnicity, and education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analyses of data from the 1992 Health and Retirement Study for a nationally representative cohort of 9,621 community-dwelling adults aged 51-61 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical activity scores for LTPA, WRPA, and TPA based upon self-reported frequency of light or vigorous recreational activities, heavy household chores, and strenuous job-related physical activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LTPA was lower for blacks and Hispanics compared to whites, and LTPA steadily declined with lower levels of education. WRPA showed the reverse pattern, being lowest for whites and persons with greater education. Education was far more important than race/ethnicity as a determinant of LTPA and WRPA in multivariate analyses. After adjusting for differences in overall health and physical functioning, mean TPA scores were similar across racial/ethnic and education categories; blacks (beta=1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5 to 1.5) and Spanish-speaking Hispanics (beta=1.1; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.9) had slightly higher levels of TPA than whites (P<.01 and P=.01, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in educational attainment and health status accounted for virtually all of the racial and ethnic differences in LTPA. After accounting for WRPA, TPA was similar across race, ethnicity, and education subgroups.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. xing@northwestern.edu <xing@northwestern.edu>
authors.forename: Xiaoxing Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014937:Work / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*