title: Specific interference of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene expression induced by double-stranded RNA results in decreased invasion, tumor growth, and angiogenesis in gliomas.
abstract: We have previously demonstrated the effectiveness of adenovirus-mediated expression of antisense urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in inhibiting tumor invasion in vitro and ex vivo. However, the therapeutic effect of the adenovirus-mediated antisense approach was shown to be transient and required potentially toxic, high viral doses. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene targeting may be superior to the traditional antisense approach, because the target mRNA is completely degraded and the molar ratio of siRNA required to degrade the target mRNA is very low. Here, we have examined the siRNA-mediated target RNA degradation of uPAR and MMP-9 in human glioma cell lines. Using RNAi directed toward uPAR and MMP-9, we achieved specific inhibition of uPAR and MMP-9. This bicistronic construct (pUM) inhibited the formation of capillary-like structures in both in vitro and in vivo models of angiogenesis. We demonstrated that blocking the expression of these genes results in significant inhibition of glioma tumor invasion in Matrigel and spheroid invasion assay models. RNAi for uPAR and MMP-9 inhibited cell proliferation, and significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated forms of MAPK, ERK, and AKT signaling pathway molecules when compared with parental and empty vector/scrambled vector-transfected SNB19 cells. Furthermore, using RNAi to simultaneously target two proteases resulted in total regression of pre-established intracerebral tumor growth. Our results provide evidence that the use of hairpin siRNA expression vectors for uPAR and MMP-9 may provide an effective tool for cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical and Therapeutic Sciences (Program of Cancer Biology), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Peoria, IL 61656, USA.
authors.forename: Sajani S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lakka
authors.forename: Christopher S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Gondi
authors.forename: Dzung H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dinh
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Olivero
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gujrati
authors.forename: Velidi H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Chrissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sioka
authors.forename: Jasti S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004338:Drug Combinations; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D005910:Glioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000494:pharmacology; D034622:RNA Interference; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded / Q000235:genetics*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D007797:Laminin; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012330:RNA, Double-Stranded; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; C059485:matrigel; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003094:Collagen; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9