title: Disruption of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene diminishes the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice.
abstract: Inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been implicated in atherogenesis. However, the precise role of TNF-alpha in atherogenesis is still unclear. To examine the effect of TNF-alpha on atherogenesis, we generated compound-deficient mice in apolipoprotein E (apoE) and TNF-alpha (apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/-) and compared them with apoE-/- mice. Although serum total cholesterol levels were markedly elevated in both apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/- and apoE-/- mice compared to wild-type mice, no differences were observed between apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/- and apoE-/- mice. The atherosclerotic plaque area in the aortic luminal surface of apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/- mice (n=8, 3.1+/-0.4%) was significantly smaller than that of apoE-/- mice (n=7, 4.7+/-0.4%, p<0.001) despite the lack of difference in serum cholesterol levels. The atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic sinus of apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/- mice (n=10, 5.1+/-0.3 x 10(5)microm(2)) was also significantly smaller than that of apoE-/- mice (n=11, 7.0+/-0.3 x 10(5)microm(2), p<0.0001). RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were significantly higher in apoE-/- than apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/- mice. Macrophages from apoE(-/-) mice showed higher uptake level of oxidized LDL and increased expression level of scavenger receptor class A (SRA) compared to those from apoE-/-/TNF-alpha-/- mice. These results indicate that TNF-alpha plays an atherogenic role by upregulating the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in the vascular wall, and by inducing SRA expression and oxidized LDL uptake in macrophages.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gifu University School of Medicine 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu City, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Hisayasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Tamikazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kirii
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwamoto
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekikawa
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seishima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1