title: What primary care physicians know about diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) are treated by primary care physicians. Recent studies have shown that their knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of CHF is not satisfactory.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the knowledge of primary care physicians on the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  The survey consisting of 23 questions on the diagnosis and treatment of CHF, was filled in by 116 primary care physicians, practising in the city of Poznań. The questions dealt with the most typical characteristics of CHF, including history, physical examination, diagnosis of diastolic CHF and medical treatment, according to the recent guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More than 90% of physicians regarded history and physical examination as the most important elements required for establishing the diagnosis of CHF. Ankle oedema, dyspnea and fatigue were listed as the most typical CHF symptoms. Almost 80% of surveyed physicians routinely performed ECG and chest radiogram in order to diagnose CHF. Echocardiography was used by only 20% of physicians, and the term "diastolic CHF" was familiar to only one third of them. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) were used by more than two thirds of doctors, and beta-blockers--by one third. The correct initial recommended dose of enalapril was known to more than half of the physicians, and the target dose--to only one fourth of them. The correct initial recommended dose of carvedilol was known to almost half of the physicians, and the target dose--to only 3% of them. Diuretics were prescribed by 62% of physicians, spironolactone--by half of them, and digitalis--by one third of them.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary care physicians practising in the Poznań area diagnose CHF mainly on the basis of history, physical examination, ECG and chest radiogram. Echocardiography is underused which may hamper the accuracy of CHF diagnosis. ACEI and beta-blockers are also underused. These findings demonstrate that knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of CHF is insufficient among primary care physicians and indicate the need for educational and systematic changes, including a wider access to echocardiography.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department and Chair of Cardiology, Medical Academy, ul. Mickiewicza 2, 60-834 Poznań, Poland.
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wierzchowiecki
authors.forename: Kajetan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poprawski
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nowicka
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kandziora
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piatkowska
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004232:Diuretics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011044:Poland; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics