title: New genetic causes of pheochromocytoma: current concepts and the clinical relevance.
abstract: Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma are tumors of the autonomous nervous system mainly occurring in the adrenal medulla, but also in the extraadrenal paraganglias of the abdomen, thorax, neck and skull basis. The etiology comprises germline mutations of now 6 genes. About 10 years known are the RET gene susceptible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, the VHL gene for von Hippel-Lindau Disease, and the NF 1 gene for neurofibromatosis Recklinghausen (neuro- fibromatosis type 1). Since 2000 the genes for succinatedehydrogenase subunits SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD have been identified for paraganglioma syndromes type 4, type 3, and type 1 respectively. Investigations of series of pheochromocytoma patients identified germline mutations in one of the genes SDHB, SDHD, VHL and RET in 24% to 50% of the patients. Multifocal tumors, young age and positive family history, known features associated with inheritence, have not been present in all patients. Therefore, analyses of blood DNA for mutations in these genes are recommended. Positive tests provide the patients and their relatives with essential platforms for clinical care. Experiences in this field of medicine have shown that optimal management of patients with pheochromocytoma-associated syndromes is a high challenge. National registries may be instrumental in order to provide with adequate facilities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany. Neumann@mm41.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
authors.forename: Hartmut P H
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cybulla
authors.forename: Hirotaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Mototsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oya
authors.forename: Mitsuhide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Higashihara
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Terachi
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takami
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shuin
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murai
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D010235:Paraganglioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D010673:Pheochromocytoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy