title: The use of Xenopus oocytes and embryos as a route towards cell replacement.
abstract: When nuclei of somatic cells are transplanted to enucleated eggs of Xenopus, a complete reprogramming of nuclear function can take place. To identify mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming, somatic nuclei can be transplanted to growing meiotic oocytes of Xenopus, and stem cell genes activated without DNA replication. The combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer with morphogen signalling and the community effect may lead towards the possibility of cell replacement therapy. When mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming are understood, it may eventually be possible to directly reprogramme human somatic cell nuclei without the use of eggs.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Tennis Court Road, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QR, UK. j.gurdon@gurdon.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gurdon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D053652:Nuclear Transfer Techniques; D009865:Oocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D014982:Xenopus laevis / Q000196:embryology*