title: Knee instability: the orthopedic approach.
abstract: Clinical management of knee ligament injuries ranges from simple observation to complex multiligament reconstruction. Radiographic evaluation, including magnetic resonance imaging, is an important part of the diagnostic regimen that may significantly alter the treatment plan. This article reviews the clinical presentation and evaluation of isolated and combined knee ligament injuries and presents the indications, utility, and clinical impact of radiographic imaging on surgical management.
authors.affiliation: San Diego Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine Fellowship, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Cummings
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Pedowitz
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000379:methods; D011859:Radiography