title: Superoxide dismutase activity in adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in humans: a potential novel tool for risk stratification.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress has been implicated in Adriamycin cardiotoxicity experimentally. We evaluated whether changes in systemic markers of antioxidant reserve occur and are associated with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction during Adriamycin use in humans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We prospectively evaluated oncology patients eligible for Adriamycin chemotherapy. Blood samples for enzymatic (erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity [SOD-U SOD/mg protein]) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (total radical trapping antioxidant potential [TRAP-U of Trolox/microL plasma]) were collected at baseline (B), intermediate (I), and final (F) cycles. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by radionuclide ventriculography. Fifty-one patients (49 +/- 12 years, 90% female) underwent 5.9 +/- 0.9 chemotherapy cycles and received 301 +/- 52 mg/m 2 of Adriamycin. LVEF decreased from 61 +/- 6% (B) to 56 +/- 7% (F) ( P < .001), but only 6 (12%) patients developed significant LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 50%). SOD activity increased significantly during treatment (4.5 +/- 1.8 [B], 6.0 +/- 2.1 [I], 5.6 +/- 2.2 [F]; P < .01), whereas TRAP values were unchanged. Baseline SOD activity from patients who developed LV systolic dysfunction was significantly higher than from those who maintained normal LVEF (5.9 +/- 1.8 versus 4.3 +/- 1.7; P < .05). In multivariate analysis, baseline SOD levels remained independently associated with LV dysfunction ( P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Erythrocyte SOD activity increases after Adriamycin treatment and high baseline levels predicts Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity in humans.
authors.affiliation: Heart Failure and Transplant Program, Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil 90035-003.
authors.forename: Luis E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Belló-Klein
authors.forename: Rodrigo P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Nicolle G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Mazzotti
authors.forename: Guilherme
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geib
authors.forename: Cristiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Luis F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Clausell
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D015635:Radionuclide Ventriculography; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D000975:Antioxidants; D015415:Biomarkers; D002839:Chromans; D014810:Vitamin E; D004317:Doxorubicin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; C010643:6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid