title: Induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1 attenuates metabolic insults induced by 3-nitropropionic acid in rat C6 glioma cells.
abstract: Compromised mitochondrial function in neurons and glia has been observed in several neurodegenerative disorders, including Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Chemical/hypoxic preconditioning may afford protection against subsequently more severe oxidative damages. In this study, we tested whether induction of hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) may exert cytoprotective effects against mitochondrial dysfunction caused by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) in glial cells. Preconditioning of C6 astroglial cells with cobalt chloride, mimosine (MIM), and desferrioxamine (DFO), all of which known to activate HIF-1, significantly attenuated cytotoxicity induced by 3-NP, an irreversible inhibitor of mitochondrial complex II, and antimycin A, a mitochondrial complex III inhibitor. Application of cadmium chloride capable of neutralizing cobalt-induced HIF-1 activation, HIF-specific oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) decoy, and antisense phosphorothioate ODN against HIF-1alpha abolished the protective effect mediated by preconditioning with cobalt chloride. Preloading of C6 cells with SN50, PD98059, or SB202190, the respective inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), p44/p42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), failed to affect the protection afforded by cobalt preconditioning. Taken together, these results suggest that HIF-1 induction secondary to preconditioning with cobalt chloride or iron chelators may mediate the protective effects against metabolic insult induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor 3-NP in C6 astroglial cells.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neuroscience, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Ya-Ting
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Tzyh-Chwen
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ju
authors.forename: Ding-I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D003035:Cobalt / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D003676:Deferoxamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008898:Mimosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D011422:Propionates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497444:Hif1a protein, rat; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011422:Propionates; D014157:Transcription Factors; D003035:Cobalt; D008898:Mimosine; C018021:cobaltous chloride; D003676:Deferoxamine; C015392:3-nitropropionic acid