title: Resveratrol-induced apoptotic death in human U251 glioma cells.
abstract: Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound highly enriched in grapes, peanuts, red wine, and a variety of food sources. Resveratrol has antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties, and also has potent anticancer properties. Human glioma U251 cells were used to understand the molecular mechanisms by which resveratrol acts as an anticancer agent, since glioma is a particularly difficult cancer to treat and eradicate. Our data show that resveratrol induces dose- and time-dependent death of U251 cells, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation assays. Resveratrol induces activation of caspase-3 and increases the cleavage of the downstream caspase substrate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Resveratrol-induced DNA fragmentation can be completely blocked by either a general caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) or a selective caspase-3 inhibitor (Z-DEVD-FMK), but not by a selective caspase-1 inhibitor. Resveratrol induces cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm and activation of caspase-9. Resveratrol also increases expression of proapoptotic Bax and its translocation to the mitochondria. Resveratrol inhibits U251 proliferation, as measured by MTS assay [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt], and induces G0/G1 growth arrest, as determined by flow cytometry. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, olomoucine, prevents cell cycle progression and resveratrol-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that multiple signaling pathways may underlie the apoptotic death of U251 glioma induced by resveratrol, which warrants further exploration as an anticancer agent in human glioma.
authors.affiliation: William T. Gossett Neurology Laboratories, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jarret
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Subhash C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Groc
authors.forename: Alba I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koubi
authors.forename: Tangella Jackson
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: George B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007701:Kinetin; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077185:Resveratrol; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013267:Stilbenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; C494826:BAX protein, human; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011687:Purines; D013267:Stilbenes; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; C090046:olomoucine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D007701:Kinetin; D000077185:Resveratrol