title: Effects of Carolina rinse solution, dimethyl sulfoxide, and the 21-aminosteroid, U-74389G, on microvascular permeability and morphology of the equine jejunum after low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate effects of Carolina rinse solution, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 21-aminosteroid, U-74389G, on microvascular permeability and morphology of the equine jejunum after low-flow ischemia and reperfusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  20 healthy adult horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under anesthesia, full-thickness biopsy specimens of a distal portion of the jejunum were obtained for baseline measurements. In addition to a control segment, 2 jejunal segments were identified as sham-operated or experimental segments. Experimental segments underwent 60 minutes of low-flow ischemia and 3.5 hours of reperfusion. Treatments were as follows: U-74389G (3 mg/kg, IV; 6 horses), DMSO (20 mg/kg, IV; 6) diluted in 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, local perfusion (via jejunal artery) of Carolina rinse solution (0.5 mL/kg; 4), and local perfusion of lactated Ringer's solution (0.5 mL/kg; 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Jejunal microvascular permeability was significantly lower after treatment with Carolina rinse solution or DMSO, compared with U-74389G or lactated Ringer's solution treatments. After DMSO treatment, serosal- and submucosal-layer edema was significantly increased in experimental segments, compared with control or sham-operated segments; however, edema increases were significantly less than for lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G treatments. Significant decreases in intestinal wet weight-to-dry weight ratio were found following Carolina rinse solution or DMSO treatments, compared with lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G treatments. Edema formation and leukocyte infiltration in jejunal segments of horses treated with lactated Ringer's solution or U-74389G were increased, compared with Carolina rinse solution or DMSO treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carolina rinse solution and DMSO may be protective against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the equine jejunum.
authors.affiliation: Marion DuPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Leesburg, VA 20177, USA.
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Dabareiner
authors.forename: Nathaniel A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Jack R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Bernard F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Lydia L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Donaldson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001837:Body Weights and Measures / Q000662:veterinary; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006736:Horses; D007583:Jejunum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission / Q000662:veterinary; D011281:Pregnatrienes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D012996:Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C070887:Carolina rinse solution; D011281:Pregnatrienes; D012996:Solutions; C074965:U 74389F; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide