title: Marginal bone loss pattern around hydroxyapatite-coated versus commercially pure titanium implants after up to 12 years of follow-up.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal bone loss (MBL), complications, and 12-year survival rates of commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated implants placed in the maxilla.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 120 patients (77 women, 43 men) treated from 1988 to 1997. A total of 388 implants (156 cpTi and 232 HA-coated) were placed in the maxilla. There were 126 immediate (32.5%) and 262 (67.5%) nonimmediate implants. Patients were evaluated annually. Mean follow-up was 60 +/- 32.3 months. MBL was measured on radiographs using the implant threads as the dimensional reference. MBL, complications, and 12-year survival and success rates were correlated with implant coating, time of implantation, implant dimensions, and position in arch.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total mean MBL was 1.07 +/- 2.16 mm. MBL was significantly lower with cpTi implants (0.55 +/- 1.04 mm) compared to HA-coated implants (1.51 +/- 2.71 mm) (P < .001). No statistical difference in regard to MBL was found between immediate and nonimmediate implants (0.86 +/- 1.8 mm vs 1.16 +/- 2.3 mm). The total 12-year survival rate was 91.4%. HA-coated implants had a significantly higher 12-year survival rate than cpTi implants (93.2% vs 89%; P < .03). Nonimmediate implants had a significantly higher failure rate (8.2%) than the immediate implants (1.3%) (P < .009). No correlation was found between type of implant coating and late implant failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate implants can serve as a predictable option, providing higher survival and success rates. HA-coated implants tended to fail less during the surgical phase, but had higher mean MBL compared to cpTi implants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HA-coated implants had greater MBL than cpTi implants but a higher 12-year survival rate. Immediate implants had a lower failure rate than the nonimmediate implants in this study population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Maurice and Gabriela Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. dubish@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: Devorah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwartz-Arad
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mardinger
authors.forename: Liran
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Avital
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kozlovsky
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirshberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology*; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry*; D015921:Dental Implants / Q000009:adverse effects; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; D019232:Dental Restoration Failure; D017886:Durapatite / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D015921:Dental Implants; D017886:Durapatite; D014025:Titanium