title: School re-entry after a cancer diagnosis: physician attitudes about truth telling and information sharing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  School re-entry for children with cancer hallmarks a return to age-appropriate activities; a process fraught with adjustment challenges. The paediatric oncologist is in a pivotal role of setting the tone and providing direction to the child, family, and other members of the health care and school team about this process. Understanding physicians' attitudes and behaviours regarding school re-entry will provide insight into these practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  A four-part survey (general attitudes, patient factors, work cultures and respondent characteristics) was developed and mailed to the members of US and Japanese paediatric oncology professional societies. Japanese (n=362) and US (n=350) paediatric oncologists comprised the study sample; the average respondent was a male in his mid-forties providing clinical care>or=5 hours/week practising for about 15 years. Responses to a hypothetical scenario reflecting the range of how school re-entry issues for a child on treatment may be handled was the outcome variable in this report.
  
  
  RESULTS
  US physicians (284/350, 84.5%) endorsed telling everyone (the school officials and classmates) about a child's diagnosis and treatment to facilitate the transition back to school. In contrast, only 93/359 (25.9%) of the Japanese respondents endorsed telling everyone. Japanese physicians were more likely to endorse telling everyone if they believed it was the physician's responsibility to tell children the truth at diagnosis (P<0.001), if they did not believe that awareness of cancer dashes hope (P=0.002), and were not influenced by type of cancer the child had (P=0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences in US and Japanese paediatric oncologist responses in return to school issues may reflect larger cultural issues such as: benefits and disadvantages to telling the child that he/she has cancer; hospitalization practices; and the availability of school re-entry programs. More needs to be learned about how children, their families and schools prefer to have re-entry issues handled during and after treatment and how these approaches affect the child's re-entry into school.
authors.affiliation: Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA. dmayer@tufts-nemc.org
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Terrin
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tighiouart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jeruss
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saiki-Craighill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D003469:Culture; D030881:Disclosure; D005178:Faculty; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D010379:Peer Group; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D012574:Schools; D014342:Truth Disclosure; D014481:United States