title: Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms in litigating motor vehicle accident victims.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There has been little research examining chronic pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms in persons injured in motor vehicle accidents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in physical injury and impairment, psychological distress, and pain coping strategies in litigating chronic pain patients low and high in motor vehicle accident-related posttraumatic stress symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 160 consecutive chronic pain patients referred for psychological-legal assessment underwent semistructured interview and testing. The testing battery included the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, the Sickness Impact Profile, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire. Using the sample-specific median split of 18 posttraumatic stress symptoms on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder scale, chronic pain patients were categorized as evidencing low or high levels of posttraumatic stress symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings indicate that participants evidencing high posttraumatic stress symptoms had more physical impairment, psychological distress, and maladaptive pain coping strategies and were more likely to be treated with antidepressants, other medications, and psychological management than participants evidencing low posttraumatic stress symptoms. A discriminant function analysis was performed using the full combination of physical injury and impairment, psychological distress, and pain coping variables in the prediction of posttraumatic stress symptom-defined group membership. The resulting discriminant function accounted for 61% of the between-group variance and correctly classified 92% of participants who were low in posttraumatic stress symptoms and 88% of participants who were high in posttraumatic stress symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic pain and posttraumatic stress symptoms in litigating motor vehicle accident victims are associated with increased physical and psychological morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA. melanied@unr.edu
authors.forename: Melanie P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Duckworth
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iezzi
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices