title: The histone-binding code of nuclear receptor co-repressors matches the substrate specificity of histone deacetylase 3.
abstract: Ligands for nuclear receptors facilitate the exchange of co-repressors for coactivators, leading to chromatin modifications that favour the activation of gene transcription. Here, we show that the repressed state of an endogenous retinoic acid-regulated gene is quickly re-established after ligand removal. As expected, repression is characterized by recruitment of N-CoR/SMRT-HDAC3 (histone deacetylase 3) co-repressor complexes, leading to local histone hypoacetylation. The achievement of the repressed state involves the ordered deacetylation of lysines in H4 tails. This order is determined by the inherent substrate specificity of HDAC3, and unexpectedly predicts the binding preference of N-CoR/SMRT for submaximally acetylated H4 tails. The match between the specificity of acetyl-histone deacetylation by HDAC3 and the histone-binding preference of N-CoR/SMRT allows the co-repressor complex to stabilize and propagate repression of nuclear hormone receptor gene targets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine,The Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 611 CRB, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Helen B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Hartman
authors.forename: Jiujiu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alenghat
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: Mitchell A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lazar
mesh_terms: D041721:3T3-L1 Cells; D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D042421:Histone Code; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D051379:Mice; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D056971:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1; D056985:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2; D011485:Protein Binding; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D006657:Histones; D008024:Ligands; D009088:Mucoproteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056971:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1; D056985:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D000097768:Retinoic Acid Receptor gamma; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3; C539128:Ncor1 protein, mouse; C539131:Ncor2 protein, mouse; C010393:lysin, gastropoda