title: Endoscopic findings potentially predictive of gastric cancer in borderline lesions diagnosed by forceps biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  When a benign-malignant borderline lesion is diagnosed by the usual small gastric biopsy, there is sometimes difficulty in making a clinical decision. To clarify potentially useful findings to predict the existence of gastric cancer in borderline lesions diagnosed by forceps biopsy, we retrospectively analyzed endoscopic features.
  
  
  METHODS
  We diagnosed 68 consecutive gastric benign-malignant borderline lesions (57 cases) by forceps biopsy and endoscopically resected them. The final diagnosis for 24 lesions (35.3%) was adenocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma group), and for 40 lesions (58.8%) was adenoma (adenoma group). Comparison with endoscopic findings for the groups was carried out using digitally filed endoscopic photos.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found six endoscopic findings (distal location, reddish surface color, lack of smoothness, lack of glossiness, focal roughness, and focal redness) having statistically significant relationships with adenocarcinoma at the final pathological diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, focal redness (p<0.01) and lack of glossiness (p<0.05) were found to have a significant relationship to gastric cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic findings such as focal redness and lack of glossiness were potentially predictive of gastric cancer in borderline lesions diagnosed by forceps biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitoh
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Youhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Atsuyoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kiwamu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okita
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D013525:Surgical Instruments