title: Working through the pain: a controlled study of the impact of persistent pain on performing a computer task.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A large percentage of employees experience persistent pain while at work. This situation can become costly to employers with large amounts of lost production-time, absenteeism, and long-term disability. The link or transition between working through (ignoring) pain and disabling pain is unknown. This paper presents the results of a controlled study examining the impact of persistent pain on performance in a working population. Benefits of early detection are discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a controlled, repeated measures study using 3 types of measures: questionnaires (pain, pain anxiety, daily memory, and attention mistakes); actigraphic monitoring to assure the absence of sleep deprivation; and the Performance Assessment Battery, a computer-based series of tests. Participants were studied during 3 time periods (9:00 AM, 3:00 PM, and 9:00 PM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty participants (20 pain, 20 controls) were studied. For all tasks, pain participants were slower than controls with significant findings on 2 tasks and less accurate with significant differences on 1 task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike other studies that either induced pain or used persons with complex pain conditions, this study used participants with a low level of pain intensity and had a majority still engaged in full-time employment. Our results found that people with persistent low-level pain demonstrate a reduction in performance compared with controls. Our study revealed that using a sensitive tool to detect minor performance deficits could indicate pain interference. The early detection of pain interference would provide an opportunity for prevention programs to have a pre-emptive effect on work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
authors.affiliation: School of Physiotherapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. k.harman@dal.ca
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harman
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ruyak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003201:Computers; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014937:Work