title: Epicutaneous immunization induces alphabeta T-cell receptor CD4 CD8 double-positive non-specific suppressor T cells that inhibit contact sensitivity via transforming growth factor-beta.
abstract: Since it was previously shown that protein antigens applied epicutaneously in mice induce allergic dermatitis mediated by production of T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines we postulated that this might induce suppression of Th1 immunity. Here we show that epicutaneous immunization of normal mice with a different protein antigen applied on the skin in the form of a patch induces a state of subsequent antigen-non-specific unresponsiveness caused by suppressor T cells (Ts) that inhibit sensitization and elicitation of effector T-cell responses. Suppression is transferable in vivo by alphabeta-T-cell receptor CD4(+) CD8(+) double positive lymphocytes harvested from lymphoid organs of skin patched animals and are not major histocompatibility complex-restricted nor antigen specific. Both CD25(+) and CD25(-) CD4(+) CD8(+) T cells are able to suppress adoptive transfer of Th1 effector cells mediating cutaneous contact sensitivity. In vivo treatment with monoclonal antibodies showed that the cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are involved in the induction of the Ts cells. Additionally, using IL-10(-/-) mice we found that IL-10 is involved in skin induced tolerance. Further in vitro experiments showed that lymph node cells of skin tolerized mice non-specifically suppress [(3)H]thymidine incorporation by antigen-stimulated immune cells and this effect can be abolished by adding anti-TGF-beta, but not anti-IL-4 nor anti-IL-10 antibodies. These studies indicate the crucial role of TGF-beta in skin induced tolerance due to non-antigen-specific Ts cells and also show that IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-beta play an important role in the induction of epicutaneously induced Ts cell suppression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Developmental Biology, Jagellonian University College of Medicine, Kraków, Poland. mmszczep@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szczepanik
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bryniarski
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tutaj
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ptak
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Skrzeczynska
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Askenase
authors.forename: Wlodzimierz
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ptak
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000032:analysis*; D012867:Skin / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta