title: Plasma homocysteine concentration and its relation to symptoms of vascular disease in psychogeriatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is a high frequency of elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations in elderly patients with mental disorders. Psychogeriatric patients with a history of vascular disease exhibit a significantly higher plasma tHcy concentration than patients without vascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main reason for the present study is to further investigate the association between plasma tHcy concentration and vascular disease in psychogeriatric patients. We therefore investigated 152 psychogeriatric patients and determined plasma tHcy and its most important determinants (serum folate and serum cobalamin, serum cystatin C and serum creatinine). The patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of vascular disease. Eighty-seven patients had concomitant vascular disease. We also analysed the natriuretic peptide N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and protein S-100B in serum. NT-proBNP is a marker for congestive heart failure, whereas protein S-100B is a marker for brain damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma tHcy concentration is elevated in the presence of dementia or vascular disease in psychogeriatric patients. The presence of dementia or vascular disease is also associated with higher age, renal impairment and lower serum folate concentration than in patients without dementia or vascular disease. Furthermore, we observed elevated serum concentrations of NT-proBNP in patients with dementia or vascular disease as a sign of poorer cardiovascular status. Likewise, protein S-100B concentrations were elevated in patients with dementia or vascular disease, possibly indicating brain damage in these groups of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of comorbidity of vascular disease and mental illness indicates a possibility to prevent and treat psychogeriatric disease by actively counteracting vascular disease in patients with psychogeriatric symptoms. Routine determination of NT-proBNP is valuable for obtaining information about cardiovascular status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychogeriatrics and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hultberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D017293:Protein S / Q000378:metabolism; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D017293:Protein S; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D006710:Homocysteine; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D005492:Folic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D014805:Vitamin B 12