title: [Prediction of the impact of climate warming on transmission of schistosomiasis in China].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To predict the intensity and scale of impact on transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in China caused by the climate warming.
  
  
  METHODS
  By using climate data from 193 weather stations in China from 1951 to 2000, the GIS database was created to analyze the tendency of average daily temperature. By using the results from the effective accumulated temperature models on Oncomelania snails and Schistosoma japonicum, the climate-transmission model for schistosomiasis was established at country level, by which the spatio-temporal analysis was performed to create the distribution maps of Oncomelania snails and Schistosoma japonicum, respectively, by means of GIS approaches based on the ratio of effective accumulated temperature to the snail or the parasite development temperature (ET/SDT) in all 193 stations. The potential distribution maps with the dispersal risk areas of schistosomiasis japonica in 2030 and 2050 were created based on forecast data that the average temperature of the country will increase by 1.7 degrees C in 2030 and by 2.2 degrees C in 2050.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GIS database of climate-schistosomiasis of the country was established. It was found that the average temperature in the last 5 decades inclined, especially after 1990 it increased significantly with its increasing regression formula T = 0.0198X - 28.476. The climate-transmission model for schistosomiasis was established, and it was found that the geographical distribution of Schistosoma japonicum was much larger than that of Oncomelania snails based on the ratio of ET/SDT. The prediction maps for distribution of schistosomiasis in 2030 and 2050 were created, respectively, which showed that the sensitive areas were extended with the time, the risk of expansion northward for schistosomiasis will be increasing due to directly the climate warming.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is predicted that a northward expansion of transmission area of schistosomiasis may occur due to the climate warming, the expanded potential area for schistosomiasis transmission will be important for future surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200025, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-nong
authors.initials: XN
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qing-biao
authors.initials: QB
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Le-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Guo-jing
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: You-sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Yi-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002980:Climate; D004199:Disease Vectors; D040362:Geographic Information Systems; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D006801:Humans; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000502:physiology*; D012554:Schistosomiasis japonica / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission*; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology*; D013696:Temperature