title: Dual work and family roles and depressive symptoms in two birth cohorts of women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rising depression rates in more recent cohorts of women have been attributed in part to their increased participation in dual family and work roles.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study examined associations among depressive symptoms, age, and work and marital status in two cohorts of women, all mothers, born between 1931 and 1944 (preboomers) or between 1945 and 1958 (baby boomers), assessed at comparable ages.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Being married (vs. divorced) was related to less depression within and across cohorts, whereas working was related to more depression in preboomers only. Moreover, divorced working preboomers were significantly more depressed than women in most other role status groups within and across cohorts. Depression scores declined across age among working women in the combined cohorts; however, that association held only for baby boomers when cohorts were analyzed separately. Among divorced working women, that decline was significantly greater in baby boomers than preboomers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These cohort differences support a call for new social policies that address the mental health needs of women and their children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. sk57@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasen
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berenson
authors.forename: Henian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dufur
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D004651:Employment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence