title: The Fake Bad Scale and MMPI-2 F-family in detection of implausible psychological trauma claims.
abstract: We tested the validity of the Lees-Haley Fake Bad Scale (FBS) and the family of MMPI-2 F scales (F-family; F, F(p), and F-K scales) in predicting improbable psychological trauma claims in an applied setting. Litigants reporting implausible symptoms long after minor scares and nonlitigants clinically referred following severe stressors completed the MMPI-2. Both groups were naturally matched on social class. The FBS demonstrated sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive power in the detection of atypical problems but the F-family showed poor utility. FBS cutting scores derived from logistic regression were applied to a third group made up of litigants with histories of undeniably severe traumas. A substantial number of this third group scored above cutoffs for exaggeration, but this finding is ambiguous. Reasons for the F-family's insensitivity to real-world exaggeration may include using student simulators for validation and content reflective of psychotic simulation. The superiority of the FBS in applied forensic settings could derive from its development in actual litigants and content reflective of nonpsychotic exaggerations. The FBS appears acceptable for use in applied forensic settings where persons seek compensation for nonpsychotic syndromes.
authors.affiliation: Psychological Systems, Inc., Royal Oak, MI 48067, USA. mfgreiff@comcast.net
authors.forename: M Frank
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Greiffenstein
authors.forename: W John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Bradley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Axelrod
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Peck
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gervais
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D016015:Logistic Models; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D008306:Malingering / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires