title: Long term cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents in non-diabetic patients with insulin resistance: double blind, prospective, randomised study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the long term cardiovascular effects of oral antidiabetic agents in non-diabetic patients with insulin resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  181 African American subjects with insulin resistance and normal glucose tolerance test were randomised to receive glipizide 5 mg/day (n = 25), metformin 500 mg/day (n = 59), or placebo (n = 97) for 24 months. Insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, lipid profile, left ventricular mass (echocardiography), aortic distensibility (echocardiography, blood pressure), aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV, carotid to femoral artery, Doppler) were measured at baseline and at 12 and 24 months after randomisation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant increase in PWV was observed in both glipizide (mean (SEM) change at 24 months 2.8 (2.7) m/s, p = 0.012) and metformin (2.2 (0.7) m/s, p = 0.01) groups during the follow up period. In contrast, PWV remained unchanged in the placebo group. The increase in PWV in the treatment groups was significant compared with placebo (analysis of variance p < 0.05). Other cardiovascular or metabolic variables did not change significantly compared with placebo during follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed increase in PWV is consistent with a decrease in the elastic properties of the aorta. The use of oral antidiabetic agents for the prevention of cardiovascular complications in non-diabetic African Americans with insulin resistance needs to be critically evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Stakos
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sparks
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Wooley
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osei
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boudoulas
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005913:Glipizide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D008687:Metformin; D005913:Glipizide