title: Nitrous oxide inhalation sedation: what do patients, carers and dentists think about it?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the acceptability and efficacy of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation for dental treatment to children and to compare these results with the responses of both the accompanying adult and the treating dentist.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, questionnaire-based survey was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive patients (ASA I and II) attending the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Edinburgh Dental Institute, between 2002 and 2003 for dental treatment using nitrous oxide inhalation sedation were recruited for the study. Each patient, the accompanying adult and the dental sedationist completed a short questionnaire which sought details about the acceptability and efficacy of the sedation technique. Overall behaviour and the outcome of treatment were assessed by the dentist providing sedation using the Frankl and Houpt Behaviour Rating Scales respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three sets of questionnaires were completed for fifty patients (M:27; F:23), mean age 10.4 years (range: 5.3-15.8 years). Acceptance of both local analgesia and dental treatment was perceived as greater amongst patients and carers compared with treating dentists (chi2 = 11.31, P = 0.004, 2 df and chi2 = 22.52, P < 0.001, 2 df respectively). Furthermore, dentists observed that inhalation sedation helped fewer male patients with local analgesia and fewer female patients with dental treatment (chi2 = 6.83, P < 0.009, 1 df and chi2 = 3.85, p < 0.050, 1 df respectively). A greater proportion of dentists observed that patients would manage treatment without sedation and would not require sedation for future dental treatment than both patients and their accompanying carer (chi2 = 8.00, P < 0.018, 2 df and chi2 = 18.61, P < 0.001, 2 df respectively). In general, the majority of patients were co-operative and successfully completed dental treatment with inhalation sedation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dentists' perception of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation was generally less enthusiastic than that of patients and carers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Dundee Dental Hospital, Dundee, UK. jennifer.i.foley@tuht.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000523:psychology; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000523:psychology*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003815:Dentists / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D009609:Nitrous Oxide