title: Treatment of psoriasis with topical sirolimus: preclinical development and a randomized, double-blind trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemically administered sirolimus has demonstrated efficacy in psoriasis in a multicentre European study.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy and safety of topically applied sirolimus in treating psoriasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro studies were followed by a pilot study designed to determine if sirolimus penetrates human skin, and by a randomized, double-blind, left-right comparative, dose-ranging study consisting of treatment with 2.2% sirolimus for 6 weeks and 8% sirolimus for an additional 6 weeks in 24 patients with stable, chronic plaque psoriasis. The primary outcome measure was clinical score. Secondary measures were ultrasound plaque thickness, plaque erythema, and computerized image analysis of immunohistochemical stains for immunocytes and proliferating cells. Pharmacokinetics and blood chemistry monitoring for safety were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in the clinical score (P = 0.03) (mean score 9.1 following sirolimus vs. 11.2 in control) was achieved with topical sirolimus. Measurements of plaque thickness and erythema did not show significant improvement with treatment. Computerized image analysis of biopsies showed a significant reduction in CD4+ cells (P = 0.0054) and proliferating cells (stained by Ki-67) in the epidermis (P = 0.0153) with sirolimus treatment compared with control.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topically applied sirolimus penetrates normal skin and may have some antipsoriatic and immunosuppressive activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK. a.d.ormerod@arh.grampian.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Ormerod
authors.forename: S A A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Copeland
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Omar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Winfield
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011565:Psoriasis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D020123:Sirolimus