title: Spectrum of surgical complications after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation in a prospectively randomized study of two immunosuppressive protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) has evolved as an effective treatment for patients with end-stage nephropathy due to type 1 diabetes mellitus. This report analyses the spectrum of surgical complications among patients receiving tacrolimus and cyclosporin microemulsion (ME)-based therapy for SPK transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis included 205 patients randomly assigned to tacrolimus (n = 103) or cyclosporin-ME (n = 102) in the Euro-SPK 001 study. Surgical complications were defined as any intervention in the 3-month post-operative course related to the transplant procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the tacrolimus vs cyclosporin-ME group, repeat laparotomy was required by fewer patients (26 vs 43%, respectively; P = 0.01) and at a later stage post-transplant (26+/-26 vs 14+/-17 days; P = 0.05). Also, thrombosis of graft vessels (2 vs 9%; P = 0.03) and repeat laparotomy for intra-abdominal haemorrhage within the first 3 months (8 vs 22%; P = 0.005) occurred significantly less frequently with tacrolimus vs cyclosporin-ME. A donor age of > or =45 years was a significant determinant for surgical complications requiring repeat laparotomy, regardless of the type of immunosuppression. Portal anastomosis was the safest method of endocrine venous drainage, and Roux-en-Y loop for enteric exocrine drainage was associated with a higher re-operation rate than duodenoenterostomy. Repeat laparotomy had no impact on patient survival, but significantly reduced kidney and pancreas graft survival in the cyclosporin-ME group (kidney: P<0.01; pancreas: P<0.001) and in both groups combined (P < or = 0.05 and P<0.001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunological benefits of tacrolimus compared with cyclosporin-ME treatment result in a lower incidence of repeat laparotomies post-transplant and a reduced in-hospital stay. Fewer repeat laparotomies translate into improved pancreas and kidney graft survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Steurer
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malaise
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mark
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koenigsrainer
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Margreiter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015994:Incidence; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016035:Pancreas Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation; D015996:Survival Rate; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D016559:Tacrolimus