title: Thoracic outlet syndrome due to hyperextension-hyperflexion cervical injury.
abstract: Posttraumatic brachial plexus entrapment in fibrotic scarring tissue is taken into consideration as the cause of complaints for patients who suffered a hyperextension-hyperflexion cervical injury. All 54 patients included in this analysis where symptom-free before the accident and subsequently complained for pain, paresthesia and slight weakness in the arm. In 14 neurological signs of brachial plexus entrapment were observed. Electroneurophysiological, summary index testing was positive for a brachial plexus involvement in all cases. Conservative measures, comprising physical therapy and vasoactive drugs were applied for a period of 6 to 12 (mean 8.4) months; surgical procedure of neurolysis was then proposed in 39 cases to solve the problem. Thirty-two patients were operated on. Twenty of these had a neat improvement on a 6-month to 1-year follow-up. Seven patients had refused surgery; of these 6 patients had clinical worsening at the same follow-up period while 1 remained unchanged. All patients with clinical symptoms not reversed after some time post-injury should be investigated for a possible brachial plexus entrapment.
authors.affiliation: European Neurosurgical Institute, Treviso, Italy. alexandre@eunionline.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alexandre
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corò
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azuelos
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pellone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013901:Thoracic Outlet Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*