title: The relationship of magnesium intake to serum and urinary calcium and magnesium levels in Trinidadian stone formers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between the dietary intake of magnesium and the serum and urinary levels of calcium and magnesium in a group of Trinidadian stone formers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A group of 102 confirmed stone formers presenting to urological clinics were interviewed using a questionnaire designed to obtain a semi-quantitative estimate of their oral magnesium intake. Patients were invited to give blood samples for serum calcium and magnesium levels and to provide 24-h urine specimens for the measurement of urinary levels of these minerals, as well as total urinary volumes. A group of 102 controls was subjected to a similar interview and blood and urinary testing. Chi-square tests and Student's t-tests were used to examine group demographic differences. The Mann-Whitney test investigated differences in biochemical indices. Binary logistic regression was used to identify predictors of stone formation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood samples were obtained from 60 patients and 98 controls. Urine samples were returned by 34 patients and 97 controls. Only 10 stones were retrieved from patients. Patients had a significantly lower magnesium intake, but higher median serum and urinary calcium levels, and higher serum calcium to magnesium ratios than controls. Independent variables capable of predicting stone formation included total magnesium intake and serum and urinary calcium levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased serum and urinary calcium levels, calcium to magnesium ratios, and a low magnesium intake were predictive of stone formation in this Trinidadian population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Eric Williams Medical Sciences Complex, Mt Hope, Trinidad and Tobago. trevana@wow.net
authors.forename: Trevor I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Anatol
authors.forename: Lexley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pinto Pereira
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Matthew
authors.forename: Lall
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sawh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium