title: Significance of colonoscopy in patients with intestinal graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) are generally in poor clinical condition. In this study we aimed to establish the clinical significance of endoscopic diagnosis of this condition, observing only the distal section of the large intestine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endoscopic and pathological findings at colonoscopy were evaluated retrospectively in 12 patients who were diagnosed with intestinal GVHD after undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The main mucosal changes observed at endoscopy were granular change, edema, "spotty redness", and sloughing. These were clearly displayed after enhancement with Indigo carmine staining, and with insertion of the colonoscope only as far as the distal section of the large intestine. A histological diagnosis of intestinal GVHD was made in 50 % of the patients, whose intestinal epithelium specimens showed numerous apoptotic bodies. It was possible to perform total colonoscopy in two patients who were in relatively good condition clinically, but there were no remarkable differences in the endoscopic findings throughout the large intestine, from the terminal ileum to the rectum. In terms of clinical outcomes of the 12 patients, their prognosis was poor in that they all either went on to suffer from chronic GVHD or died.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic and histological findings on distal colonoscopy are clinically significant in the diagnosis of intestinal GVHD, and limiting this examination to the distal section of the large intestine avoids causing further clinical deterioration in patients who are already in very poor general condition and the possibility of causing endoscopy-related complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oomori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takagi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Utsunomiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tohmiya
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kameoka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinouchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimosegawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003113:Colonoscopy; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D007420:Intestine, Large / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies