title: Comparison of different cyclosporine immunoassays to monitor C0 and C2 blood levels from kidney transplant recipients: not simply overestimation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunoassays used for the measurement of cyclosporine (CsA) usually show cross-reactivity for CsA metabolites, usually resulting in unacceptable bias.
  
  
  METHODS
  To assess the performance of different immunoassays, CsA concentrations were analyzed in 132 samples using ACMIA, EMIT-VIVA, CEDIA-PLUS, and HPLC. Samples were collected from kidney transplant patients monitored with the traditional blood CsA trough level (C0, n=73) and the new sampling at 2-h post CsA dosing (C2, n=59).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the correlations between HPLC and other methods were good (r values ranging from 0.85 to 0.97). The use of C2 concentrations to monitor CsA exposure were associated with an overall better performance of all the immunoassays as compared with C0 values. However, none of the immunoassays agreed with the guidelines proposed in the Lake Louis Consensus Conference. Of note, the CEDIA-PLUS was the only that provided a linear relationship with HPLC for both sampling times. A false positive case associated with ACMIA was also documented in blood samples from a patient withdrawn from CsA for 1 month.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the performance of some of the most used immunoassays is not satisfactory, eventually leading to incorrect therapeutic decision guided by erroneous CsA monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Transplantation, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo-Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy. dcattaneo@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cattaneo
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zenoni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murgia
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Merlini
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: Norberto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Perico
authors.forename: Eliana
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotti
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ottomano
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Remuzzi
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine