title: Outcomes of hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for managing upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma--China Medical University Hospital experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (HALNU) to treat upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). In addition, we report the treatment of 4 patients with upper urinary tract TCC and synchronous superficial urinary bladder TCC by HALNU and simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed 33 patients who had undergone HALNU. Recovery was evaluated according to the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status. Four patients had concomitant superficial urinary bladder cancer and underwent simultaneous TURBT at the beginning of surgery. We compared our data with those of our open surgery group and previously published data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial recovery had occurred by 1 week and complete recovery by 4 weeks postoperatively. Conversion to open surgery was required in 2 (6%) of the 33 patients. The complication rate was 24% (8 of 33) without any mortality. The recurrence rate of urinary bladder TCC was 6% (2 of 33). Both patients with recurrent tumor were treated successfully by TURBT and bacille Calmette-Guérin instillation. All 4 patients with synchronous superficial urinary bladder TCC had undergone simultaneous transurethral resection of bladder tumor, and all 4 were disease free at the last follow-up visit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hand-assisted procedures are appropriate for surgeons with limited experience with laparoscopic surgery. In our study, the convalescence of patients was excellent, and the postoperative results were compatible with those of previous studies. To treat upper urinary tract TCC with synchronous urinary bladder TCC, HALNU and TURBT together seems to be a safe and efficient technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chieh-Hsiao
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsi-Chin
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Wen-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chin-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Chang-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chao-Hsiang
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014513:Ureter / Q000601:surgery*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*