title: Serum adiponectin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in climacteric women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin plays a significant role in the modulation of glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. We attempted to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin level and parameters of the menopausal metabolic syndrome: body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, lipid profile and insulin resistance indices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two women and ten men aged 40-63 years were included. The percentage of body fat and of abdominal fat deposits were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum adiponectin, tumour necrosis factor-a (TNFalpha) and leptin were measured with commercially available radioimmunoassay kits. To exclude the influence of nutritional factors on adiponectin secretion, diet content was analysed in the preceding three days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postmenopausal non-obese women had a non-significantly lower level of adiponectin compared with premenopausal women of corresponding body mass. Serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in postmenopausal obese women than in non-obese women (p = 0.0023). Men with similar age and body mass to the women had the lowest level of adiponectin (p = 0.06). Three months of estrogen replacement therapy in women with surgical menopause did not significantly change the serum level of adiponectin. We found a negative correlation of adiponectin with leptin, insulin resistance index and total cholesterol, and a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Adiponectin level was negatively correlated with free testosterone, but we did not find such a relationship with estradiol. There was no correlation of adiponectin level with TNFalpha; however, serum TNFalpha correlated positively with leptin. The dietary analysis showed no differences between the diets of obese and non-obese women over the preceding three days. Moreover, mean diastolic and systolic blood pressures were noted to be significantly lower in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal non-obese women (p = 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that adiponectin could be a marker of risk for developing menopausal metabolic syndrome. Moreover, it is possible that sex steroids have an influence on adiponectin secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. milewicz@endo.am.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Andrzej
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Milewicz
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zatonska
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Demissie
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jêdrzejuk
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dunajska
authors.forename: Rafał
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ilow
authors.forename: Felicja
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lwow
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D052242:Adiponectin; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008593:Menopause / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020738:Leptin; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002784:Cholesterol