title: Nuclear factor-kappaB activation correlates with better prognosis and Akt activation in human gastric cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Because the biological significance of constitutive nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in human gastric cancer is unclear, we undertook this study to clarify the regulatory mechanism of NF-kappaB activation and its clinical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry for NF-kappaB/RelA was done on 290 human gastric carcinoma specimens placed on tissue array slides. The correlations between NF-kappaB activation and clinicopathologic features, prognosis, Akt activation, tumor suppressor gene expression, or Bcl-2 expression were analyzed. We also did luciferase reporter assay, Western blot analysis, and reverse transcription-PCR using the SNU-216 human gastric cancer cell line transduced with retroviral vectors containing constitutively active Akt or the NF-kappaB repressor mutant of IkappaBalpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear expression of RelA was found in 18% of the gastric carcinomas and was higher in early-stage pathologic tumor-node-metastasis (P = 0.019). A negative correlation was observed between NF-kappaB activation and lymphatic invasion (P = 0.034) and a positive correlation between NF-kappaB activation and overall survival rate of gastric cancer patients (P = 0.0228). In addition, NF-kappaB activation was positively correlated with pAkt (P = 0.047), p16 (P = 0.004), adenomatous polyposis coli (P < 0.001), Smad4 (P = 0.002), and kangai 1 (P < 0.001) expression. An in vitro study showed that NF-kappaB activity in gastric cancer cells is controlled by and controls Akt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NF-kappaB activation was frequently observed in early-stage gastric carcinoma and was significantly correlated with better prognosis and Akt activation. These findings suggest that NF-kappaB activation is a valuable prognostic variable in gastric carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Seoul University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Lan
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hye Seung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jieun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Sung Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Hee-Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Woo Ho
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Woo
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chong Soon
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seon Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Nam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014162:Transfection; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D002867:Chromones; D009025:Morpholines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D008156:Luciferases; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D000077191:Wortmannin