title: Conservation of unique cell-surface CD antigen mosaics in HIV-1-infected individuals.
abstract: Cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens are expressed on cells of myeloid and lymphoid lineages. As most disease processes involve immune system activation or suppression, these antigens offer unique opportunities for monitoring host responses. Immunophenotyping using limited numbers of CD antigens enables differentiation states of immune system cells to be determined. Extended phenotyping involving parallel measurement of multiple CD antigens may help identify expression pattern signatures associated with specific disease states. To explore this possibility we have made a CD monoclonal antibody array and scanner, enabling the parallel immunophenotyping of leukocyte cell suspensions in a single and rapid analysis. To demonstrate this approach, we used the specific example of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). An invariant HIV-induced CD antigen signature has been defined that is both robust and independent of clinical outcome, composed of a unique profile of CD antigen expression levels that are both increased and decreased relative to internal controls. The results indicate that HIV-induced changes in CD antigen expression are disease specific and independent of outcome. Their invariant nature indicates an irreversible component to retroviral infection and suggests the utility of CD antigen expression patterns in other disease settings.
authors.affiliation: University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Box 111, Cambridge CB2 2SP, United Kingdom. aw135@cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Woolfson
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
authors.forename: Brian D M
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Tom
authors.forename: Kerryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.forename: Walter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Gilks
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kreil
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Larissa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Belov
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chrisp
authors.forename: Will
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Errington
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wildfire
authors.forename: Wendy N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Erber
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.forename: Richard I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Christopherson
authors.forename: Mike A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Scott
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping / Q000379:methods*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015703:Antigens, CD