title: Associated factors in modulating aflatoxin B1-albumin adduct level in three Chinese populations.
abstract: To elucidate the potential factors modulating exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in three Chinese populations, an epidemiologic study was conducted in Fusui County and Nanning City of Guangxi Province and Chengdu City of Sichuan Province. The incidence rates of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) for males in these three regions were 92-97 per 100,000, 32-47 per 100,000, and 21 per 100,000, respectively. Eighty-nine residents from Fusui, 196 residents from Nanning, and 118 residents from Chengdu were screened for AFB1-albumin adduct (AAA) levels and hepatitis virus (HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, and HGV) infections, as well as liver biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], y-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], 5'-nucleotidase, globulin [GLO], direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, and bile acid levels). At least one marker of hepatitis virus (HV) infection was present in 47.2% (42/89) of subjects from Fusui, while in Nanning and Chengdu the values were 15.8% (31/196) and 22.0% (26/118), respectively. In contrast to females, a higher level of AAA was observed in males; the difference was statistically significant in both the Nanning (P = 0.023) and the Chengdu (P = 0.026) subjects. In the Chengdu group, there was a significantly higher level of AAA in cases with HV infection (P = 0.041). There was a close association between AAA level and BMI in the adults without HV infection (r = 0.148, P = 0.044). Also, AAA was closely associated with DBIL and GGT in non-HV-infected minors (P < 0.05), closely associated with ALB, GLO, and GGT in HV-infected minors (P < 0.05), and closely associated with IBIL, GLO, TBA, and AST in non-HV-infected adults (P < 0.01). The co-effect of HV infection and AFB1 exposure may be responsible for the high risk of HCC in the Fusui region, whereas age, gender, BMI, and HV infection may modify individual aflatoxin levels. The relationship between AAA level and liver biochemistry indicates injury induced by aflatoxin to both hepatic parenchyma and biliary tract. But the associations vary with age and HV infection status.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhi-Ming
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tang-Wei
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Le-Qun
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Min-Hao
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu-Nam
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ren-Xiang
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zong-Liang
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lian-Wen
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Shen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han-Ming
authors.forename: Ong
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Choon-Nam
authors.forename: Regina M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Santella
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000418:Albumins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019353:Endemic Diseases / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016014:Linear Models; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012042:Registries; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D000418:Albumins; D015415:Biomarkers; C098408:aflatoxin-albumin adduct; D016604:Aflatoxin B1