title: C1-TEN is a negative regulator of the Akt/PKB signal transduction pathway and inhibits cell survival, proliferation, and migration.
abstract: We have previously identified C1 domain-containing phosphatase and TENsin homologue (C1-TEN) as being an intracellular binding partner for Axl receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). C1-TEN is a tensin-related protein that houses an N-terminal region with predicted structural similarity to PTEN. Here, we report our observations on the effects of ectopic expression of C1-TEN in HEK293 cells, which resulted in profound molecular and phenotypic changes. Stable expression of C1-TEN altered cellular morphology, with less cell spreading and weaker filamentous actin staining. Cells overexpressing C1-TEN were inhibited greatly in their proliferation and migration rates as compared with mock-transfected cells. Furthermore, serum starvation-induced apoptosis caused a twofold increase in caspase 3 activity in C1-TEN-overexpressing cells vs. mock cells. In addition, C1-TEN-overexpressing cells showed a markedly reduced phosphorylation of Akt/PKB kinase and its substrate GSK3, as well as reduced Akt enzymatic activity. No such effects on JNK were observed. Also, serum-stimulated activation of Akt was delayed in C1-TEN-overexpressing cells, while no difference in profile of ERK activation was observed. Furthermore, cells expressing a C1-TEN mutant where the putative phosphatase active site cysteine at position 231 was substituted for a serine displayed full restoration of both cell proliferation and Akt activation. In conclusion, C1-TEN appears to be a novel intracellular phosphatase that negatively regulates the Akt/PKB signaling cascade, and is similar to its relative PTEN in this respect. However, the particular domain organization of C1-TEN may enable it to regulate RTK and other signaling complexes that are linked to Akt/PKB signaling in a unique manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Lund University, Wallenberg Laboratory, University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden. sassan.hafizi@med.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: Sassan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hafizi
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ibraimi
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dahlbäck
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001665:Binding Sites; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007163:Immunosorbent Techniques; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D000070876:Tensins; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D000070876:Tensins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; C452816:TNS2 protein, human; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D003545:Cysteine