title: Complete repair of bladder exstrophy in boys: can hypospadias be avoided?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complete repair of classic bladder exstrophy in male newborns has been successful with minimal morbidity. However, the technique may create hypospadias in some cases. We have recently adopted a modification to obtain an orthotopic meatus in bladder exstrophy boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November 1998 and December 2002 complete repair of classic bladder exstrophy was carried out in 27 boys. Complete penile disassembly was performed in 22 boys including 4 newborns and 18 older children; mean age 3+/-2 years old. Modified disassembly was used in the last 5 boys including 4 newborns and a 9-month-old boy. During repair of epispadias, the dissection starts on the ventral aspect of the penis as usual. The urethral plate is separated from both corpora cavernosa to allow ventral transposition of the plate. In the complete disassembly technique, the urethral plate is completely separated from both hemiglans. In this modification, while the urethral plate is completely separated from both corpora cavernosa, the extreme distal end of the urethral plate remains attached to the distal ends of both hemiglans. Thus, when the plate is tubularized with fine interrupted sutures the meatus ends up at the tip of the glans penis. The symphysis pubis is re-approximated as usual and corpora cavernosa are approximated dorsally in the midline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no major complication. Mean follow-up was 43+/-7 and 7+/-4 months for complete and modified disassembly groups respectively. Of the 22 boys, who underwent complete disassembly, 15 (68%) ended up with hypospadias and 7 (32%) had an orthotopic meatus. Modified disassembly has resulted in an excellent cosmetic appearance and orthotopic meatus in the 5 boys. Penile length was not shorter than boys who underwent complete disassembly. Parents of the 5 boys noticed normal straight morning erection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although complete penile disassembly allows ventral placement of the urethra, hypospadias is created in approximately two thirds of the cases. When the extreme distal end of the urethral plate remains attached to the distal ends of both hemiglans (modified disassembly), orthotopic meatus can be obtained in all boys. With modified disassembly, posterior mobilization of the bladder and urethra does not result in corporal angulations or shortening because of the proportionate inward movement of the corpora that accompanies symphyseal approximation. The modification is feasible in newborns and infants. These short-term results may obviate the need for later penile reconstructive procedure.
authors.affiliation: The Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura, Egypt. elsherbi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mohamed T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: El-Sherbiny
authors.forename: Ashraf T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Hafez
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004842:Epispadias / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D013521:Urologic Surgical Procedures, Male / Q000379:methods*