title: Epidemiology of heavy alcohol use in Ukraine: findings from the world mental health survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiology of heavy alcohol use in Ukraine, using data from the world mental health (WMH) survey in Ukraine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The WMH composite international diagnostic interview was administered in 2002 to a national probability sample of Ukrainian adults (n=4725). An algorithm for classifying heavy use in the past year was developed from self-reports about the quantity and frequency of drinking, and its convergent validity was demonstrated. Prevalence rates and socio-demographic risk factors were examined separately for men and women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 12-month rates of heavy alcohol use were 38.7% in men and 8.5% in women (22.0% overall). Among heavy alcohol users, 92% of men and 52% of women consumed at least 80 g of ethanol in a typical drinking day on a monthly basis in the year before the interview. The most significant risk factors in men and women were age (26-54 years for men; 18-25 years for women), living in the Southeast region, being in the labour force whether employed or unemployed, and for men, low education and being the father of a young child. A highly significant linear relationship of number of risk factors with heavy alcohol use was found for both sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rates for men were similar to those reported in a Russian national survey with the exception of Southeast Ukraine where the rate was >10% higher. The highest rates were among men who were middle-aged, fathers and unemployed. Future prospective studies are needed to assess the impact of heavy alcohol use on Ukrainian health, mental health and occupational and social functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY 11794-8790, USA. cwebb@notes.cc.sunysb.edu
authors.forename: Charles P M
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Evelyn J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bromet
authors.forename: Semyon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gluzman
authors.forename: Nathan L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Tintle
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kostyuchenko
authors.forename: Johan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Havenaar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000506:poisoning; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012307:Risk Factors; D014586:USSR / Q000453:epidemiology; D014455:Ukraine / Q000453:epidemiology; D014478:Unemployment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol