title: Drug and alcohol use as determinants of New York City homicide trends from 1990 to 1998.
abstract: In this population-level study, we analyzed how well changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims explained declining homicide rates in New York City between 1990 and 1998. Victim demographics, cause of death, and toxicology were obtained for all homicide (N = 12573) and accidental death victims (N = 6351) between 1990 and 1998 from the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of New York (OCME). The proportion of homicide and accident decedents positive for cocaine fell between 1990 and 1998 (13% and 9% respectively); the proportion of homicide and accident decedents positive for opiates and/or alcohol did not change significantly. Changing patterns of drug and alcohol use by homicide victims were comparable to changing patterns of drug and alcohol use in accident victims, suggesting that changes in drug and alcohol use among homicide victims between 1990 and 1998 cannot solely explain the decline in NYC homicide rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: A Kenneth J
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Tardiff
authors.forename: Zachary
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: Tinka Markham
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Piper
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vlahov
authors.forename: Sandro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Galea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000401:mortality*