title: p21WAF1/CIP1 expression is a marker of poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous research on the prognostic relevance of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) yielded inconclusive and contradictory data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the prognostic significance of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression, its relationship to p53 accumulation, proliferation-associated proteins Ki-67 and cyclin D1 in relation to survival and clinicopathological features in OSCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgical specimens taken from 106 randomly selected patients were studied by immunohistochemistry. Expression of the protein of interest was correlated with clinical data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression was found in 61.3% of OSCCs. Expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) significantly correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005), lymph node involvement (P = 0.002), clinical stage (P < 0.001), and tumor site (P = 0.002). Patients with tumors showing p21(WAF1/CIP1) immunopositivity had decreased 2-year survival (P = 0.018). Expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) was not related to age, gender, risk factors (tobacco, alcohol), dental status, or tumor differentiation grade. The p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression positively correlated with proliferation-related variables Ki-67 (P = 0.010) and cyclin D1 (P < 0.001), but not with p53 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) was found to be associated with poorer prognosis and tumor aggressivity in OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, 4012 Debrecen, Hungary. nemesj@jaguar.unideb.hu
authors.forename: Judit A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: Zoltán
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Nemes
authors.forename: Ildikó J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Márton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1