title: CGS 26303 upregulates mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1 in brain tissue of rats subjected to experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: Previous studies indicate that intravenous infusion of CGS 26303, an endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor, prevents and reverses cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Attenuation of the vasospastic response could result from enhanced production of nitric oxide via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, or inducible nitric oxide synthase in brain tissue. Carbon monoxide has the same attenuation effect and is synthesized by inducible heme-oxygenase- 1 or constitutive heme-oxygenase-2. In this study, we investigated the effect of endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor on mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, heme-oxygenase- 1 and heme-oxygenase-2 in brain tissue of rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase or HSP70 was not detected in all groups of rats (n = 5/group). Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase or heme-oxygenase-2 mRNA in brain tissue in the groups of subarachnoid hemorrhage or subarachnoid hemorrhage treated with endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor appeared to be the same as compared with control rats. The subarachnoid hemorrhage rats treated with endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitor showed a significant increase in the levels of heme-oxygenase-1 mRNA expression as compared with both subarachnoid hemorrhage and control rats. These data suggest that the reduction of cerebral vasospasm by CGS 26303 in rats subjected to experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage may result from both over-expression of heme-oxygenase-1 in brain tissue and suppression of endothelin biosynthesis in basilar arteries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chun-Po
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Shih-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Tze-Kan
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shu-Chuan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chao-Yuah
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Sheng-I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Lue
authors.forename: Arco Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Jeng
authors.forename: Neal F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Kassell
authors.forename: Aij-Lie
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kwan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013777:Tetrazoles; C089987:CGS 26303; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); C491523:Hmox1 protein, rat; C105245:heme oxygenase-2; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D000072396:Endothelin-Converting Enzymes