title: Daily versus as-needed corticosteroids for mild persistent asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although guidelines recommend daily therapy for patients with mild persistent asthma, prescription patterns suggest that most such patients use these so-called controller therapies intermittently. In patients with mild persistent asthma, we evaluated the efficacy of intermittent short-course corticosteroid treatment guided by a symptom-based action plan alone or in addition to daily treatment with either inhaled budesonide or oral zafirlukast over a one-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind trial, 225 adults underwent randomization. The primary outcome was morning peak expiratory flow (PEF). Other outcomes included the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) before and after bronchodilator treatment, the frequency of exacerbations, the degree of asthma control, the number of symptom-free days, and the quality of life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three treatments produced similar increases in morning PEF (7.1 to 8.3 percent; approximately 32 liters per minute; P=0.90) and similar rates of asthma exacerbations (P=0.24), even though the intermittent-treatment group took budesonide, on average, for only 0.5 week of the year. As compared with intermittent therapy or daily zafirlukast therapy, daily budesonide therapy produced greater improvements in pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (P=0.005), bronchial reactivity (P<0.001), the percentage of eosinophils in sputum (P=0.007), exhaled nitric oxide levels (P=0.006), scores for asthma control (P<0.001), and the number of symptom-free days (P=0.03), but not in post-bronchodilator FEV1 (P=0.29) or in the quality of life (P=0.18). Daily zafirlukast therapy did not differ significantly from intermittent treatment in any outcome measured.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be possible to treat mild persistent asthma with short, intermittent courses of inhaled or oral corticosteroids taken when symptoms worsen. Further studies are required to determine whether this novel approach to treatment should be recommended.
authors.affiliation: University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
authors.forename: Homer A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Boushey
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Sorkness
authors.forename: Tonya S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Sean D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: John V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Fahy
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Vernon M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Chinchilli
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Emily A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Dimango
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Deykin
authors.forename: Joanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fish
authors.forename: Jean G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Lemanske
authors.forename: Frank T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mauger
authors.forename: Gene R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Pesola
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Rollings
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Szefler
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wechsler
authors.forename: Elliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Israel
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001249:Asthma / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019819:Budesonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles; D008297:Male; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014105:Tosyl Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D007211:Indoles; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D013449:Sulfonamides; D014105:Tosyl Compounds; D019819:Budesonide; C062735:zafirlukast