title: Doxorubicin with cyclophosphamide followed by docetaxel every 21 days compared with doxorubicin and docetaxel every 14 days as preoperative treatment in operable breast cancer: the GEPARDUO study of the German Breast Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Dose-dense and sequential administration of cytotoxic drugs are current approaches to improve outcomes in patients with early-stage breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This phase III study investigated 913 women with untreated operable breast cancer (T2-3, N0-2, M0) randomly assigned to receive either doxorubicin 50 mg/m2 plus docetaxel 75 mg/m2 every 14 days for four cycles with filgrastim support (ADOC), or doxorubicin 60 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2 every 21 days followed by docetaxel 100 mg/m2 every 21 days for four cycles each (AC-DOC). The primary end point was the incidence of pathologic complete (invasive and noninvasive) response (pCR) in the breast and axillary nodes. Secondary end points were predictors for pCR, clinical response, rate of breast conservation, and safety.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A pCR was achieved in 94 patients (10.6%), but the likelihood was significantly greater with AC-DOC (14.3%; n = 63) than with ADOC (7.0%; n = 31) (odds ratio, 2.22; 90% CI, 1.52 to 3.24; P < .001). Independent predictors of attaining a pCR included the use of sequential therapy, high tumor grade, and negative hormone receptor status. The response rates detected by palpation and by imaging were significantly higher with AC-DOC (85.0% and 78.6%, respectively) than with ADOC (75.2% and 68.6%, respectively; both P values < .001). The rate of breast-conserving surgery was 63.4% for AC-DOC and 58.1% for ADOC (P = .05). Predominant grade 3/4 toxicities were leucopenia (AC-DOC, 74.2%; ADOC, 53.7%) and neutropenia (AC-DOC, 66.4%; ADOC, 44.7%) but were infrequently associated with fever (AC-DOC, 4.6%; ADOC, 3.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential AC-DOC is more effective at inducing pCR than dose-dense ADOC as preoperative treatment for patients with operable breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: German Breast Group, Neu-Isenburg/Frankfurt, Germany. Minckwitz@germanbreastgroup.de
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Minckwitz
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raab
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schütte
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hilfrich
authors.forename: Jens U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Blohmer
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Serban D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Merkle
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eidtmann
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lampe
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jackisch
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: du Bois
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006801:Humans; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D015412:Mastectomy, Segmental; D008875:Middle Aged; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide