title: Diffusion and dissemination of evidence-based dietary strategies for the prevention of cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to determine what strategies have been evaluated to disseminate cancer control interventions that promote the uptake of adult healthy diet?
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review was conducted. Studies were identified by searching MEDLINE, PREMEDLINE, Cancer LIT, EMBASE/Excerpta Medica, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and reference lists and by contacting technical experts. English-language primary studies were selected if they evaluated the dissemination of healthy diet interventions in individuals, healthcare providers, or institutions. Studies of children or adolescents only were excluded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred one articles were retrieved for full text screening. Nine reports of seven distinct studies were included; four were randomized trials, one was a cohort design and three were descriptive studies. Six studies were rated as methodologically weak, and one was rated as moderate. Studies were not meta-analyzed because of heterogeneity, low methodological quality, and incomplete data reporting. No beneficial dissemination strategies were found except one that looks promising, the use of peer educators in the worksite, which led to a short-term increase in fruit and vegetable intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the quality of the evidence is not strong and is primarily descriptive rather than evaluative. No clear conclusions can be drawn from these data. Controlled studies are needed to evaluate dissemination strategies, and to compare dissemination and diffusion strategies with different messages and different target audiences.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, McMaster University, 1200 Main St. W. Hamilton, Ontario, L8N 3Z5, Canada. ciliska@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ciliska
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Armour
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brouwers
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gauld
authors.forename: Fulvia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldassarre
authors.forename: Parminder
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Raina
mesh_terms: D003226:Congresses as Topic; D004032:Diet; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006282:Health Personnel; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval; D016239:MEDLINE; D008402:Mass Media; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.); D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013663:Teaching; D014481:United States