title: Bone regeneration after peri-implant care with the CO2 laser: a fluorescence microscopy study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser has been shown to be suitable for the treatment of ailing implants. However, comparatively little is known about bone regeneration after laser treatment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the course of bone regeneration after peri-implant care with the CO2 laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 6 beagle dogs, a total of 60 implants and bony defects were treated either conventionally by air-powder abrasive (group 1), by laser irradiation alone (group 2), or by a combination of the 2 (group 3). After therapy, polychrome sequence labeling was performed using 4 different markers. Four months later, after sacrifice, histologic sections were photographed and scanned. In each specimen, the 4 stained areas were detected with special software and indicated as a percentage of the standardized measurement frame. Lastly, the time-course of the bone regeneration was determined for each of the 3 therapy groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fluorescence microscopy demonstrated maximum bone regeneration after 8 weeks in all 3 therapy groups. In this period, groups 2 and 3 showed significantly greater amounts of newly formed bone than group 1 (P < .03 and P < .05, respectively). However, there was no difference in bone regeneration between groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using fluoresence microscopy, it was possible to analyze and interpret the bone regeneration processes during all 4 application phases of the 3 groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results support the hypothesis that CO2 laser irradiation renders significantly more new bone formation, especially 5 to 8 weeks postoperatively, than conventional decontamination in the dog model. Further investigation will be required to determine the clinical efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Surgery, Kantonspital, Basel, Switzerland. stefan.stuebinger@arcor.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stübinger
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Henke
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Donath
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deppe
mesh_terms: D020906:Air Abrasion, Dental; D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000528:radiation effects; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000528:radiation effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D015921:Dental Implants; D003777:Dental Prophylaxis / Q000295:instrumentation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004203:Disinfection / Q000295:instrumentation; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide