From dumping to sanitary landfills--solid waste management in Israel.
To address the problem of solid waste in Israel, the Ministry of the Environment has formulated a policy based on integrated waste management. The policy calls for reduction of waste at source, reuse, recycling (including composting), waste-to-energy technologies, and landfilling. Due to the implementation of this policy, all the large dumps were closed, state-of-the art landfills were built, and recovery rates have increased from 3% in the beginning of the 1990s to almost 20% in 2003. More than 95% of the municipal solid waste is disposed and treated in an environmentally sound manner - in comparison to a mere 10% just a decade ago. The policy was implemented utilizing both enforcement and financial support ("stick and carrot" approach).
Nissim
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Division of Solid Waste Management, Ministry of the Environment, P.O. Box 34033, Jerusalem 95464, Israel. ilan@sviva.gov.il
Shohat
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Inbar
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D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004777:Environment; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D007557:Israel; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*