title: CHROMagar Candida medium for direct susceptibility testing of yeast from blood cultures.
abstract: An evaluation was performed on 95 blood cultures positive for Candida spp. to determine the correlation of direct susceptibility testing of fluconazole versus both standardized disk diffusion and MIC methods. For direct testing, an aliquot taken from BD BACTEC Plus and/or BD BACTEC Lytic/10 bottles (Becton Dickinson [BD], Sparks, MD) positive by gram stain for yeast was subcultured to CHROMagar Candida (BD), and a 25-microg fluconazole disk (BD) was placed on the plate. The area of growth inhibition surrounding the disk was measured at 24 and 48 h. In addition, a subculture of the isolate was tested by a microdilution MIC using YeastOne (TREK Diagnostics Systems Inc., OH) and disk diffusion (NCCLS M44-A) using a standardized inoculum plated onto CHROMagar Candida as well as Mueller-Hinton agar to which 2% glucose and 0.5 microg/ml methylene blue dye was added (MH-GMB). The categorical interpretation derived from the MIC was used as the reference to which the disk diffusion results were compared. There were a total of 41 Candida albicans, 23 Candida glabrata, 20 Candida parapsilosis, 9 Candida tropicalis, and 1 each of Candida krusei and Candida lusitaniae tested. At 24 h there was full agreement among the methods for all C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. lusitaniae, and C. krusei isolates. For the C. parapsilosis isolates at 24 h there was one very major discrepancy using the direct CHROMagar and one major error with the standardized MH-GMB. The majority of the errors were seen at 24 h with the C. glabrata isolates. Of the 23 C. glabrata isolates at 24 h by direct CHROMagar, there were 10 minor and 1 very major error; by MH-GMB there were 12 minor and 2 very major errors; and by standardized CHROMagar Candida there were 13 minor and 2 major errors. There were no very major errors with C. glabrata when all plates were read at 48 h. At 24 h by the direct and standardized CHROMagar the majority of C. glabrata isolates were more resistant, whereas by MH-GMB they were more susceptible than the reference MIC interpretation. In summary, subculturing yeast directly from blood cultures onto CHROMagar to which a fluconazole disk has been added may provide a presumptive identification at 24 h and, with the exception of C. glabrata, was able to predict the susceptibility to fluconazole with the majority of Candida isolates examined in this evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Medical Microbiology Division, University of California Irvine, Medical Center, 101 The City Drive, Orange, CA 92868, USA.
authors.forename: Grace L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Ellena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000362:Agar; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001769:Blood / Q000382:microbiology*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000382:microbiology; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016469:Fungemia / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D003470:Culture Media; D015725:Fluconazole; D000362:Agar