title: The effect of heat on tissue extensibility: a comparison of deep and superficial heating.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of deep heating (shortwave diathermy [SWD]) and superficial heating (hydrocollator packs) on tissue extensibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A double-blind, repeated-measures study. Possible effects of sex and intervention order were controlled.
  
  
  METHODS
  A clinical laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four subjects with no neurologic or musculoskeletal pathologies affecting their lower limbs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three intervention conditions: deep heating (SWD), superficial heating (hot packs), and no heating were applied in preallocated order to each subject at least 36 hours apart.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ankle dorsiflexion in weight bearing was measured by using an inclinometer to ascertain changes in the extensibility of the calf muscles and associated soft tissues.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Deep heating increased the range of ankle dorsiflexion by 1.8 degrees +/-1.9 degrees . The change in ankle dorsiflexion after superficial and no heating was 0.7 degrees +/-1.5 degrees and -0.1 degrees +/-1.0 degrees , respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Deep heating, in the absence of stretching, increases tissue extensibility more than superficial heating or no heating. Superficial heating is more effective than no heating, but the difference was not statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Central Coast Health and University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: Val J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012780:Short-Wave Therapy