title: Opportunistic infections in polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess prevalence and characteristics of opportunistic infections in patients with polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). To determine the predictive values for opportunistic infections on clinical presentation, biochemical findings, and paraclinical features of PM/DM to detect patients at risk of opportunistic infections.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 156 consecutive PM/DM patients in 3 medical centers were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen PM/DM patients (11.5%) developed opportunistic infections. The majority of patients exhibited an opportunistic infection after the onset of PM/DM (89% of cases). Opportunistic infections occurred most frequently during the first year following PM/DM diagnosis (62.5%). The pathogen microorganisms responsible for opportunistic infections were various, i.e., Candida albicans, Pneumocystis carinii, Aspergillus fumigatus, Geotrichum capitatum, Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex, M. xenopi, M. marinum, M. tuberculosis, Helicobacter heilmanii, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Mortality rates were as high as 27.7% in these PM/DM patients. Higher mean daily doses of steroids, lymphopenia, and lower serum total protein levels were significantly more frequent in the group of PM/DM patients with opportunistic infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study underscores the high frequency of opportunistic infections in PM/DM, resulting in an increased mortality rate. It also indicates that a great variety of microorganisms are responsible for opportunistic infections, although they were more often due to fungi (>50% of cases). Our series highlights a predominance of both lung and digestive opportunistic infections (89% of cases). In addition, our results suggest that PM/DM patients presenting with factors predictive of opportunistic infection may require closer monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rouen-Boisguillaume and Inserm Unit 644, Rouen, France. isabelle.marie@chu-rouen.fr
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marie
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hachulla
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chérin
authors.forename: Marie-France
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hellot
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herson
authors.forename: Hervé
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Levesque
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Hatron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D003882:Dermatomyositis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D017285:Polymyositis / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate