title: Stable individual differences on developmental tasks in young yellow-crowned parakeets, Cyanoramphus auriceps.
abstract: We report on stable individual differences in young yellow-crowned parakeets across 38 tasks of cognitive development on three scales involving object permanence, means-end relations, and spatial relations. Stable performance ranks on blocks of tasks emerged after 13 weeks in two groups of sibling parakeets, one hand-reared and the other parent-reared. Examination of subject characteristics, such as hatch order, sex, general activity level, avoidances, latencies, social status, and errors, showed no significant correlations with these performance ranks. Characteristic individual approaches to unstructured play activities (from a fourth scale) were consistent with individual behavioral differences seen on the structured cognitive tasks.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA. mdfunk@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Mildred S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Rana L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Matteson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning; D003210:Concept Formation; D005260:Female; D005794:Generalization, Response; D007206:Individuality; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term; D009949:Orientation; D010240:Parakeets; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012931:Social Environment; D013223:Statistics as Topic