title: General medical and pharmacy claims expenditures in users of behavioral health services.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the magnitude of general medical and/or pharmacy claims expenditures for individuals who use behavioral health services and to assess future claims when behavioral service use persists.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cost trends and 24-month cohort analyses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Midwest health plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Over 250,000 health plan enrollees during 2000 and 2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  Claims expenditures for behavioral health services, general medical services, and prescription medications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Just over one tenth of enrollees (10.7%) in 2001 had at least 1 behavioral health claim and accounted for 21.4% of total general medical, behavioral health, and pharmacy claims expenditures. Costs for enrollees who used behavioral health services were double that for enrollees who did not use such services. Almost 80% of health care costs were for general medical services and medications, two thirds of which were not psychotropics. Total claims expenditures in enrollees with claims for both substance use and mental disorders in 2000 were 4 times that of those with general medical and/or pharmacy claims only. These expenditures returned to within 15% of nonbehavioral health service user levels in 2001 when clinical need for behavioral health services was no longer required but increased by another 37% between 2000 and 2001 when both chemical dependence and mental health service needs persisted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of total claims expenditures in patients who utilize behavioral health services are for medical, not behavioral, health benefits. Continued service use is associated with persistently elevated total general medical and pharmacy care costs. These findings call for studies that better delineate: 1) the interaction of general medical, pharmacy, and behavioral health service use and 2) clinical and/or administrative approaches that reverse the high use of general medical resources in behavioral health patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. roger-kathol@attglobal.net
authors.forename: Roger G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Kathol
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McAlpine
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kishi
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spies
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Meller
authors.forename: Terence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bernhardt
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Folkert
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001524:Behavioral Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics