title: Treatment of cervical dystonia and focal hand dystonia by high cervical continuously infused intrathecal baclofen: a report of 2 cases.
abstract: We describe 2 patients, one with cervical dystonia (CD) combined with focal hand dystonia (writer's cramp) and another with idiopathic CD, who were unresponsive to oral medications and became resistant to botulinum toxin type A and B injections. Both patients were successfully treated with high cervical (C1-3) continuously infused intrathecal baclofen (ITB). Neck range of motion (ROM) was measured by using a 3-dimensional electromagnetic cervical ROM system. Pain, disability, and severity were assessed by using the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). The patient with CD and writer's cramp did well on a continuous baclofen dose of 186.1 microg/d. Her total TWSTRS score improved significantly, her electromagnetic measurements showed an increased in total neck flexion and extension, and her handwriting improved. Unfortunately, this patient (a heavy smoker) developed small cell carcinoma of the lung and died 9 months after her pump was placed. Total TWSTRS score and electromagnetic measurements also significantly improved after pump implant in the patient with CD. He continues to do well on a periodic bolus dose using a combination of 50 microg of baclofen and 25 microg of hydromorphone (Dilaudid) every 4 hours. Our findings suggest the potential usefulness of this therapy in other patients with focal dystonia. To our knowledge, this is the first reported successful treatment of CD and CD combined with writer's cramp with high cervical continuously infused ITB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA. dykst001@umn.edu
authors.forename: Dennis D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Dykstra
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mendez
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chappuis
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Lorie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: DesLauriers
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stuckey
mesh_terms: D001418:Baclofen / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009333:Neck / Q000503:physiopathology; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D014103:Torticollis / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001418:Baclofen