title: A chart audit of postoperative pain assessment and documentation: the first step to implement pain assessment as the fifth vital sign in a University Hospital in Thailand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the documentation of pain assessment and management in the first 72 hrs postoperatively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective descriptive study
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and twenty five hospital charts in December 2002 were audited to reveal the quality of postoperative pain assessment and documentation. Scores above 21 from the possible maximum of 28 (75%) were accepted for the review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nurses documented pain assessment more often than doctors (98.8% vs 29.4%). An assessment of pain intensity using a numerical rating scale (0 to 10) was found in 192 (45.2%) charts, and using a pain descriptor scale in 408 (96%) charts. The documentation of pain both before and after giving analgesics was scarce during the first 3 days postoperatively. Apart from charts that used a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) technique which had a specific record form, regular pain assessment every 2 to 4 hrs during the first 24 hrs was found in only 2 (0.5%) charts. Pain assessment items which were documented inconsistently and below accepted standards were pain assessment after administration of analgesics, pain assessment every 2 hours in the first 24 hours (day 1), and pain assessment thereafter every 4 hours in the first 24-72 hours (days 2 and 3). The other 4 of 7 audit pain items were documented in higher scores: initial patients' pain intensity and sedation assessment, pain treatment, continuity of pain assessment and pain assessor s name scores. Nevertheless, because of the low total audit score [mean+/-SD = 10.7+/-3 out of 28], it was considered that none of the reviewed charts reflected good quality pain assessment and documentation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study revealed that the existing practices of pain assessment and documentation were poor. The need for development of regular pain assessment as if pain is the fifth vital sign should be widely emphasized as a part of quality assurance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
authors.forename: Laksamee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chanvej
authors.forename: Wongchan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Petpichetchian
authors.forename: Nalinee
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kovitwanawong
authors.forename: Chirapha
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chaibandit
authors.forename: Chamaporn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vorakul
authors.forename: Tasanee
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khunthong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008485:Medical Audit; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand