title: Differences in coping style and locus of control between older and younger patients with head and neck cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This prospective study analyses whether older and younger patients with cancer of the head and neck make use of different coping styles and locus of control mechanisms, and how these mechanisms are related to quality of life (QOL) and depressive symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Before treatment, 78 older (>or=70 years) and 105 younger patients (45-60 years) with carcinoma of the oral cavity, pharynx (stage II-IV), or larynx (stage III-IV) completed questionnaires on QOL (EORTC-QLQ-C30), depression (CES-D), coping (Utrecht Coping List), and locus of control (Cancer Locus of Control Scale). Fifty-one older and 70 younger patients completed the follow-up questionnaires at 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before treatment and at 12 months, the number of depressive symptoms and QOL scores, apart from physical functioning, did not differ between the two groups. Before treatment and at 6 months, younger patients used active coping strategies significantly more often and they perceived more internal control over the cause of their disease. Older patients used religious coping and religious control more frequently at all assessments. In both groups, avoidance coping was associated with more depressive symptoms and a worse QOL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although older and younger patients use different coping and locus of control strategies, this does not give rise to differences in QOL and depressive symptoms after treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. w.derks@azu.nl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Derks
authors.forename: J R J
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Leeuw
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Hordijk
authors.forename: J A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Winnubst
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000523:psychology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012069:Religion and Psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires