title: Evolutionary distance estimation and fidelity of pair wise sequence alignment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evolutionary distances are a critical measure in comparative genomics and molecular evolutionary biology. A simulation study was used to examine the effect of alignment accuracy of DNA sequences on evolutionary distance estimation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Under the studied conditions, distance estimation was relatively unaffected by alignment error (50% or more of the sites incorrectly aligned) as long as 50% or more of the sites were identical among the sequences (observed P-distance < 0.5). Beyond this threshold, the alignment procedure artificially inflates the apparent sequence identity, skewing distance estimates, and creating alignments that are essentially indistinguishable from random data. This general result was independent of substitution model, sequence length, and insertion and deletion size and rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Examination of the estimated sequence identity may yield some guidance as to the accuracy of the alignment. Inaccurate alignments are expected to have large effects on analyses dependent on site specificity, but analyses that depend on evolutionary distance may be somewhat robust to alignment error as long as fewer than half of the sites have diverged.
authors.affiliation: Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics, The Biodesign Institute, and The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 84287-4501, USA. msr@asu.edu
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D019295:Computational Biology / Q000379:methods*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D030562:Databases, Protein; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D017353:Gene Deletion; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008958:Models, Molecular; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D010802:Phylogeny; D011506:Proteins; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D012984:Software
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins