title: Ethylene induced shikonin biosynthesis in shoot culture of Lithospermum erythrorhizon.
abstract: Lithospermum erythrorhizon shoots, cultured on phytohormone-free Murashige and Skoog solid medium, produced shikonin derivatives, whereas shoots cultured in well-ventilated petri dishes, produced small amount. Analysis by gas chromatography revealed the presence of ethylene in non-ventilated petri dishes where the shoots, producing shikonin derivatives, were cultured. Therefore, the possible involvement of ethylene in shikonin biosynthesis of shoot cultures was investigated. Treatment of ethylene or the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, resulted in increasing shikonin derivatives contents in cultured shoots. Silver ion, an ethylene-response inhibitor, or aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, decreased production of shikonin derivatives in cultured shoots. Our results indicate that ethylene is one of the regulatory elements of shikonin biosynthesis in L. erythrorhizon shoot culture.
authors.affiliation: Plant Regulation Research Center, Toyo University, Oura-gun, Gunma 374-0193, Japan. kaori701ym@toyonet.toyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Touno
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tamaoka
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimomura
mesh_terms: D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D005030:Ethylenes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D029684:Lithospermum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009285:Naphthoquinones / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012834:Silver / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000598:Amino Acids, Cyclic; D005030:Ethylenes; D009285:Naphthoquinones; C016101:shikonin; C023863:1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; D012834:Silver; C036216:ethylene; C088137:aminoethoxyvinylglycine; D005998:Glycine