Molecular diagnostics by microelectronic microchips.
Molecular diagnostics is being revolutionized by the development of highly advanced technologies for DNA and RNA testing. One of the most important challenges is the integration of microelectronics to microchip-based nucleic acid technologies. The specific characteristics of these microsystems make the miniaturization and automation of any step of a molecular diagnostic procedure possible. This review describes the application of microelectronics to all the processes involved in a genetic test, particularly to sample preparation, DNA amplification and sequence variation detection.
Ferrari
Maurizio
M
IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Head of the Clinical Molecular Biology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Diagnostica e Ricerca San Raffaele SPA, and Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. ferrari.maurizio@hsr.it
Cremonesi
Laura
L
Bonini
Pierangelo
P
Stenirri
Stefania
S
Foglieni
Barbara
B
D000818:Animals; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis*; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D046208:Microchip Analytical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D025202:Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000032:analysis*
D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA