title: AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy versus local intrapulmonary thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism: a retrospective data analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the efficacy of full-dose local intrapulmonary thrombolysis (LIT) versus AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy (ART) in the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted of 8 consecutive patients (5 women; mean age 66.0+/-5.9 years, range 56-74) who underwent LIT with high-dose intrapulmonary urokinase (4400 IU/kg over 10 minutes followed by a 2000-IU/kg/h infusion) and a subsequent 6 consecutive patients (4 men; mean age of 59.2+/-17.0 years, range 26-69) who underwent ART plus adjunctive low-dose urokinase infusions (100,000 IU) until hemodynamic recovery was achieved. Pre and postprocedural Miller scores were calculated, and relative Miller score improvement, total urokinase doses, and duration of therapy were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic stability was restored in all 8 LIT patients and in 5 (83%) of the 6 ART patients; 1 (16.7%) patient died during the ART procedure due to recurrent MPE. In the LIT group, the mean Miller score prior to intervention was 17.38+/-2.67, which was reduced to 6.13+/-1.46 after the intervention (p<0.0001) compared to scores of 18.83+/-2.86 and 6.83+/-2.79, respectively, in the ART group (p<0.0001). The mean urokinase dose was 2.07+/-0.44 million IU in the LIT group versus 0.70+/-0.36 million IU in the ART group (p<0.0001). The mean duration of therapy was 11.45+/-2.94 hours in the LIT group versus 3.37+/-1.41 hours in the ART group (p<0.0001). No significant difference in relative Miller score improvement was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By accelerating the fragmentation of thrombus, ART plus adjunctive low-dose urokinase seems to be more rapidly effective compared to LIT. ART achieves both rapid cardiovascular relief and reduces the dose of thrombolytic agent necessary in patients with massive pulmonary embolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Patras, Rion, Greece. siablis@med.upatras.gr
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Siablis
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Karnabatidis
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katsanos
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Kagadis
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zabakis
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hahalis
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017128:Embolectomy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator