title: A randomized formula controlled trial of Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus for prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This clinical trial was carried out to determine whether oral treatment with a commercial probiotic formula containing Bifidobacterium lactis and Streptococcus thermophilus would reduce the frequency of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this double-bind formula controlled study, 80 infants, 6 to 36 months of age, were randomly assigned to receive a commercial formula containing 10 viable cells of B. lactis and 10 viable cells of S. thermophilus at the initiation of antibiotics for a duration of 15 days. The infants were assessed daily for formula intake, stool frequency, and stool consistency for a total duration of 30 days. Seventy-seven infants received nonsupplemented formula for the entire duration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in the incidence of AAD in the children receiving probiotic-supplemented formula (16%) than nonsupplemented formula (31%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study shows that prevention against AAD in infants was obtained by oral treatment with daily dose of B. lactis and S. thermophilus.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Naflesia B O
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Corrêa
authors.forename: Luciano A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Péret Filho
authors.forename: Francisco J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: Fátima M L S
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Jacques R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Nicoli
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007239:Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048249:Streptococcus thermophilus; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents