title: Ultrasound assessment of caudal catheter position in infants.
abstract: The positioning of caudally inserted epidural catheters is crucial to their effectiveness. However, level assessment can be difficult and time consuming. We report the use of ultrasound to assess the catheter position in three patients aged between 1 and 10 months. The advantages and disadvantages of this technique are discussed in relation to other methods of assessing caudal catheter placement.
authors.affiliation: Jackson-Rees Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Galvez
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery; D000763:Anesthesia, Caudal / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000601:surgery; D004824:Epidural Space / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D008297:Male; D013908:Thoracotomy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077554:Levobupivacaine; D002045:Bupivacaine