title: Chance favours only the prepared mind: Incubation and the delayed effects of peer collaboration.
abstract: Research has shown that the beneficial effects of peer collaboration are not always apparent until some time has elapsed. Such delayed effects are not readily incorporated in current models of collaborative learning, but because they constitute incubation effects in the psychological sense of the term, they should in principle be consistent with cognitive accounts of how incubation occurs. Accordingly, the paper reports three studies which test whether, in accordance with cognitive models of incubation, the delayed effects of peer collaboration could result from: (a) the breaking over time of unhelpful mental sets, (b) the engagement in post-collaborative reflective appraisal, and (c) the experience of subsequent events that, thanks to collaboration, can be used productively. The studies involved 9- to 12-year-old children working on the factors relevant to floating and sinking. The results provide no evidence for the relevance of set breaking or reflective appraisal, but suggest strongly that peer collaboration can 'prime' children to make good use of subsequent input. It is argued that in addition to clarifying how the delayed effects occur and applying incubation models in a novel context, the results flag up issues that are common to collaborative and cognitive theory, and that neither address adequately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK. c.j.howe@strath.ac.uk
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McWilliam
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cross
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D010379:Peer Group; D012932:Social Facilitation; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors