title: Ruptured gastrointestinal stromal tumors: radiologic findings in six cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are characterized by the expression of c-KIT (antigen CD 117) and are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the digestive tract. An important complication, although infrequently described in the literature, is the rupture of these tumors with accompanying hemoperitoneum.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective evaluation of the clinical history and radiologic records of 23 patients with a diagnosis of GIST and anatomopathologic and immunohistochemical confirmation at our hospital between 1999 and 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In five cases there was rupture of the primary tumor (four gastric and one jejunal). In all five cases ultrasonographic and computed tomographic examinations showed a heterogenic tumor of laminated or whirled appearance, associated with echogenic or dense ascites. No relation was found between histologic criteria of malignancy and the rupture. Four patients underwent surgical intervention, three of them urgently. Two of five patients died. There was a sixth case with rupture of a hepatic metastasis, with accompanying hemoperitoneum and subcapsular hematoma. This patient died at 3 months, after recurrence of bleeding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of a heterogeneous tumor of laminated or whirled appearance associated with ascites with characteristics compatible with hemoperitoneum in an appropriate context must lead to a suspicion of the existence of a ruptured GIST.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Avenida Marqués de los Vélez, S/N, CP, 30008 Murcia, Spain. josepaki@eresmas.com
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cegarra-Navarro
authors.forename: M A Corral
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: de la Calle
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girela-Baena
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Santos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lloret-Estañ
authors.forename: E Parlorio
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: de Andrés
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D046152:Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media