title: Corneal graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty for keratoconus in Turner's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a patient with Turner's syndrome who developed graft rejection after penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for keratoconus and to review the ophthalmic literature on the association between keratoconus and Turner's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A woman with bilateral keratoconus and Turner's syndrome (45,XO) was referred for progressive visual loss in the right eye. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/400 in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed corneal thinning with ectatic protrusion of the central cornea and Vogt's striae in the right eye. The patient underwent PK in the right eye in January 2001. She developed graft rejection in April 2003 and visual acuity dropped to hand motion. After treatment with topical and systemic steroids and systemic cyclosporine A, visual acuity recovered to 20/80 in July 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors know of only three other reported patients (six eyes) with keratoconus in Turner's syndrome. Five eyes underwent PK with good visual rehabilitation, but one developed immunologic graft rejection 7 years after surgery. On the whole, considering the current report and the other cases described in the literature, graft rejection occurred in 2 out of 6 eyes (33.3%). The graft survival rate was 80% after 2 years and 40% after 7 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that grafts for keratoconus in patients with Turner's syndrome might have an increased risk of immunologic rejection. Corneal grafts in Turner's syndrome need to be monitored closely. Early detection of graft rejection and aggressive treatment with topical and systemic steroids and systemic cyclosporine A can save the graft and restore useful vision.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Sassari, Sassari--Italy. apinna@uiss.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dore
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003315:Cornea; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007640:Keratoconus / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery*; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics; D014792:Visual Acuity