title: Association of 14-3-3 epsilon gene haplotype with completed suicide in Japanese.
abstract: Genetic factors have been suggested to be involved in suicide. Although some genetic factors, such as serotonergic transduction, have been associated with suicide, the results are inconsistent. There is a possibility that various signaling anomalies are involved in the biological vulnerability to suicide. We carried out a genome-wide gene-expression study in the brains of suicide victims using DNA microarrays;14-3-3 epsilon, which is related to neurogenesis, was one of the genes upregulated in the brains of suicide victims in the microarray analysis. This was confirmed by Western blot analysis. To examine the possibility of the involvement of 14-3-3 epsilon in the pathogenesis of suicide, we investigated the association of the 14-3-3 epsilon gene and completed suicide. We used three high-frequency SNPs (rs1532976, rs3752826, and rs9393) and found a significant association of two alleles (rs1532976 and rs3752826) with completed suicide (p < 0.05). Moreover, the distribution of haplotype revealed a more significant difference between completed suicide and controls (p=0.0005). This finding suggests that 14-3-3 epsilon is a potential suicide susceptibility gene and implies that dysregulation of neurogenesis may be involved in suicide.
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. sirakawa@kobe-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kobe General City Hospital, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Medicine & Medical Genetics, International Center for Medical Research (ICMR), Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nishiguchi
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nushida
authors.affiliation: Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Daiji
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanbe
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Meiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.affiliation: Molecular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawa
authors.affiliation: Division of Psychiatry and Neurology, Department of Environmental Health and Safety, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-cho Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maeda
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D013405:Suicide
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins