title: Multistage ethanol sclerotherapy of soft-tissue arteriovenous malformations: effect on pulmonary arterial pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively investigate how repeat injections of absolute ethanol in therapeutic doses, required for multisession sclerotherapy of large high-flow soft-tissue arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in patients with normal cardiopulmonary function, affect pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Study received approval and waiver of informed consent by institutional review board and was conducted in 16 male and 16 female patients with AVMs who underwent repeat sclerotherapy (142 sessions total) with absolute ethanol from July 1997 to December 2003. PAPs were monitored during first session in all patients. In subsequent sessions, PAP was monitored with pulmonary catheter when predicted single dose of ethanol exceeded 3 mL and total amount exceeded 0.25 mL/kg. PAP was measured in 104 sessions. Serum ethanol levels from blood samples obtained at end of each session were reviewed. PAP parameters were analyzed at beginning and end of each session, and highest value was recorded to assess any increase after repeat therapy. Difference between initial and highest PAP values recorded in a session (Delta(max)) was noted to determine any increase during repeat sessions. Possible relationship was reviewed between this value and amount of ethanol used. For sessions without PAP monitoring, mixed model was used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total ethanol used was variable. In 43 sessions, highest mean PAP exceeded 25 mm Hg. Incidence of sustained pulmonary hypertension (mean PAP > 25 mm Hg) at end of each session was 30.8% (32 of 104 sessions). Initial PAP parameters did not increase or decrease during repeat sessions. No significant changes in Delta(max) of systolic and mean PAP were observed with increasing number of sessions. Rather, Delta(max) of diastolic PAP was reduced after repeat sessions (P = .03). There was no significant correlation between serum ethanol level and PAP parameters at end of sessions. Relationships between Delta(max) values of systolic, mean, and diastolic PAP and total ethanol used were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High incidence of acute pulmonary hypertension was observed in each sclerotherapy session without lasting effect on PAP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-Dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, 135-710 Korea.
authors.forename: Byung Seop
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Young Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: Byung Boong
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dong Ik
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ik Soo
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Hyun Sung
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Myung Hee
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gaab Soo
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chung Su
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hong Sik
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Sung Wook
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Kwang Bo
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol