title: Rapid measurement of renal artery blood flow with ungated spiral phase-contrast MRI.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To verify the potential of ungated spiral phase-contrast (USPC), which has been shown to provide accurate and reproducible time-averaged measurements of pulsatile flow, for rapid measurement of renal artery blood flow (RABF) in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RABF rates of 11 normal human subjects and one patient with renal failure were measured with USPC within six seconds.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rapid USPC scans produced reproducible RABF measurements (SD < or = 9%) that agreed with the normal RABF rates known from the literature. The RABF rates of the patient with renal failure were substantially less (<50-65%) than the normal RABF rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that it is now possible to obtain rapid and consistent RABF measurements within six seconds with USPC.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. piquant@mrsrl.stanford.edu
authors.forename: Jong B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Brian A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Krishna S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Nayak
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: Bob S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Dwight G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000502:physiology*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology