title: Decreased circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in postmenopausal women during consumption of soy-containing isoflavones.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TNF-alpha is a key mediator of inflammatory responses and may play a pivotal role in the development of cancer and in bone resorption.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study determined the effect of soy rich in isoflavones on levels of TNF-alpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve postmenopausal women ingested a 36-oz portion of soymilk containing isoflavones daily for 16 wk and provided fasting blood samples multiple times before, during, and after soy consumption for the analyses of cytokines and monocyte content.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with prediet levels (36.3 +/- 14.0 pg/ml), serum levels of TNF-alpha decreased by 25.1% (27.2 +/- 10.3 pg/ml; P < 0.01) as early as 2 wk after soy consumption and by 66.7% (11.6 +/- 5.3 pg/ml; P < 0.01) 10 wk after soy consumption and recovered to the prediet levels 4 wk after the termination of soy consumption (38.6 +/- 19.6 pg/ml; P = 0.66). A similar decrease of up to 56.6 and 14.4% was found for serum IL-1alpha and the mean percentage of blood monocytes during soy consumption, respectively, but not for IL-6. In cultures of monocytes or whole blood from postmenopausal women, soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein, 10-1000 nm), tamoxifen (10-1000 nm), or 17beta-estradiol (0.1-10 nm) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (1 microg/ml)-induced TNF-alpha production by up to 55.8%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflavones may be the active components in soy responsible for the decrease of TNF-alpha found in postmenopausal women during a soy diet. This antiinflammatory effect of the isoflavones may be important in immune modulation and the prevention of bone loss and cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Drive, Galveston, Texas 77555-1109, USA.
authors.forename: Yafei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shimin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Manubai
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagamani
authors.forename: Karl E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Grady
authors.forename: Lee-Jane W
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D019833:Genistein / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D013025:Glycine max; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007529:Isoflavones; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C004742:daidzein; D019833:Genistein