Casein kinase I in the mammalian circadian clock.
The circadian clock is characterized by daily fluctuations in gene expression, protein abundance, and posttranslational modification of regulatory proteins. The Drosophila PERIOD (dPER) protein is phosphorylated by the serine?threonine protein kinase, DOUBLETIME (DBT). Similarly, the murine PERIOD proteins, mPER1 and mPER2, are phosphorylated by casein kinase I epsilon (CKI), the mammalian homolog of DBT. CKIepsilon also phosphorylates and partially activates the transcription factor BMAL1. Given the variety of potential targets for CKIepsilon and other cellular kinases, the precise role of phosphorylation is likely to be a complex one. Biochemical analysis of these and other circadian regulatory proteins has proven to be a fruitful approach in determining how they function within the context of the molecular clockworks.
Eide
Erik J
EJ
Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA.
Kang
Heeseog
H
Crapo
Stephanie
S
Gallego
Monica
M
Virshup
David M
DM
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D006801:Humans; D008387:Marine Toxins; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014982:Xenopus laevis
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010080:Oxazoles; C513312:Per2 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C059041:calyculin A; D048149:Casein Kinase 1 epsilon; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase