title: Molecular analysis of non-syndromic preaxial polydactyly: preaxial polydactyly type-IV and preaxial polydactyly type-I.
abstract: Human GLI3 gene mutations have been identified in several phenotypes of digital abnormality such as Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome, Pallister-Hall syndrome, preaxial polydactyly type-IV (PPD-IV) and postaxial polydactyly. However, the different phenotypes resulting from GLI3 mutations have not yet been properly defined. We have experienced two types of digital abnormality without other complicating developmental defects; a family with foot PPD-IV with syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers, and four sporadic cases with biphalangeal thumb polydactyly (PPD-I). The genes responsible for syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers (syndactyly type-I) and PPD-I have not yet been identified; we therefore examined the involvement of the GLI3 gene in these subtypes of digital abnormality. We found a non-sense mutation in the GLI3 gene in the family with foot PPD-IV accompanied with hand syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers, but no mutations were detected in the GLI3 gene in the four other cases with PPD-I alone. Thus, the phenotype of foot PPD-IV accompanied with hand syndactyly of the third and fourth fingers may result from a GLI3 mutation, whereas the PPD-I phenotype alone is not caused by GLI3 gene defect. These results will help to define the phenotypic spectrum of GLI3 morphopathies, which have been recently proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan. fujioka@bibaih.rofuku.go.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ariga
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Otsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Igawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawashima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakiyama
mesh_terms: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005530:Foot Deformities / Q000235:genetics; D006226:Hand Deformities / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D008297:Male; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C065683:GLI3 protein, human; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000074290:Zinc Finger Protein Gli3