title: Efficacy of Listerine Antiseptic in reducing viral contamination of saliva.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The anti-viral efficacy of oral antimicrobial rinses has not been adequately studied in terms of potential clinical significance. As a follow-up to an in vitro study on the effect of oral antiseptics on Herpes simplex virus, Type 1, this study was undertaken to evaluate the in vivo effect of an essential oil containing oral antiseptic on the reduction of viral titer in saliva during active viral infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were recruited and evaluated in a single visit protocol at the onset of a perioral outbreak, consistent historically and clinically with recurrent Herpes labialis. Direct immunofluorescence of cytological smears of the lesions/oral fluids was used to confirm Herpes simplex virus types I or II. Patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: (1) active ingredient and (2) sterile water control. The viral lesion was evaluated as to clinical stage according to standard protocol. Salivary fluid samples were taken: (1) at baseline; (2) immediately following a 30 s rinse; (3) 30 min. after the 30 s rinse; and (4) on the repeat trial, also at 60 min. after the 30 s rinse. All samples were evaluated for viral titer and results compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Trial 1, the sample population consisted of 19 males and 21 females with an average age of 29.2 and in Trial 2, 21 males, 19 females with an average age of 28. In both Trials 1 and 2, recoverable infectious virions were reduced to zero after a 30 s experimental rinse; whereas, the control rinse resulted in a non-significant (p>0.05) reduction. The experimental group also demonstrated a continued significant (p<0.05) reduction 30 min. post rinse when compared with baseline while the control group returned to baseline levels. In Trial 2, the 60 min. post rinse follow-up demonstrated a 1-2 log residual reduction from baseline in the experimental group; however, this was not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is clinical efficacy in utilizing an oral rinse with the antimicrobial agent Listerine Antiseptic in reducing the presence of viral contamination in oral fluids for at least 30 min. after oral rinse. The risk of viral cross contamination generated from these oral fluids in person to person contact or during dental treatment may be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Sciences and Pathology, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. TFM001@dental.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Timothy F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Meiller
authors.forename: Arley
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sonia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Jabra-Rizk
authors.forename: Jacqueline I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Kelley
authors.forename: Louis G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: DePaola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006560:Herpes Labialis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology; D012459:Salicylates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000821:virology*; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014709:Vero Cells
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D003470:Culture Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009067:Mouthwashes; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D012459:Salicylates; D013729:Terpenes; C057473:Listerine