title: Use of the infusion pain pump following transverse rectus abdominis muscle flap breast reconstruction.
abstract: The infusion pain pump has been a valuable addition to postoperative pain management in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Concerns have been raised regarding the potential ischemic or infectious complications of placing a catheter beneath the operative site for infusion of local anesthesia (+/- epinephrine). The purpose of this review is to document our experience with this form of postoperative pain control in plastic surgical procedures. Thirty-six consecutive transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction patients were reviewed and included in the series (16 left, 10 right, and 10 bilateral). The average age was 52 years, and 4 patients had a simultaneous symmetry procedure. The cohort was divided into those with a postoperative pain pump versus those without a pain pump. Data points queried included type, route, and amount of narcotic administered per day in the postoperative period, as well as complications. All patients received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) (morphine, n = 34; meperidine (Demerol, Sanofi-Synthelabo), n = 1; hydromorphone hydrochloride (Dilaudid, Abbott Pharmaceutical) n = 1). The pain pump was used in 16 patients (bupivacaine (Marcaine, AstraZeneca, n = 16). It was typically infused starting postoperatively at a rate of 4 mL/d and discontinued on postoperative day 2. Supplemental intravenous narcotics were required in 12% (n = 2/16) of patients with a pain pump versus 35% (n = 7/20) in those patients without a pain pump. There were no significant differences in the average number of days the PCA was used (1.8 days with a pain pump versus 2.2 without), and patients with the pain pump started postoperative medications slightly earlier (1.8 versus 2.0 days). PCA requirements were significantly lower in those patients with the pain pump. The average days to discharge for patients with a pain pump were 3.4 compared with 4.7 days in those patients without the pain pump. There were no differences in donor-site or breast complications. The postoperative pain pump has been useful in reducing the intravenous narcotic requirements and length of stay in patients following TRAM flap breast reconstruction. There were no flap, donor-site, or implant complications related to the presence of the catheter. Cost-effectiveness and patient satisfaction data would be interesting.
authors.affiliation: Emory Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Paces Plastic Surgery, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA. albert_losken@emoryhealthcare.org
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Losken
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Parris
authors.forename: Trent D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Codner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D004091:Hydromorphone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D008614:Meperidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017568:Rectus Abdominis; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D009020:Morphine; D008614:Meperidine; D004091:Hydromorphone; D002045:Bupivacaine