title: Nonadherence with diet and fluid restrictions among adults having hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the prevalence of nonadherence with the prescribed diet and fluid restrictions among patients receiving hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multicenter cross-sectional design with 916 patients recruited from 18 dialysis centers in Germany and Belgium. The Dialysis Diet and Fluid Nonadherence Questionnaire (DDFQ) was used to measure patients' nonadherence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that many patients had difficulty following diet (81.4%) and fluid (74.6%) restrictions. Younger male patients and smokers were at highest risk for non-adherence. Higher levels of interdialysis weight gain were associated with nonadherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate the need to continue to monitor and study hemodialysis patients' adherence behavior longitudinally and to design interventions to enhance adherence.
authors.affiliation: Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany. kugler@thg.mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kugler
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vlaminck
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haverich
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001530:Belgium; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018753:Diet, Protein-Restricted / Q000523:psychology*; D004327:Drinking Behavior; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006436:Hemodialysis Units, Hospital; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020380:Needs Assessment; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data