title: Photochemical enhancement of gene delivery to glioblastoma cells is dependent on the vector applied.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and gene therapy protocols are separately under clinical evaluation for treatment of brain malignancies. Here, the potential of a novel combination technique, photo-induced delivery of macromolecules and genes to glioblastoma cells, is evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The photochemical effect on survival of GaMg and U-87Mg cells after incubation with the protein toxin gelonin, on transfection with a plasmid complexed to poly-L-lysine (PLL), and on transduction with adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) and adeno-associated virus type 5 (AAV5) vectors, were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytotoxicity of gelonin and gene transfer from plasmid/PLL complexes were considerably improved by photochemical treatment in both cell lines, while the light-inducible effect on Ad5 transduction was most pronounced in U-87Mg. For the first time, photochemical enhancement of AAV transduction is shown. A 4-fold increase in percentage positive cells was detected after photochemical treatment of AAV5-infected GaMg cells. However, in contrast to Ad5, AAV5 transduction of U-87Mg remained unaffected by light treatment, independently of viral dose, light dose and timing of the light treatment relative to the transduction period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Photochemical treatment is a versatile tool for macromolecular delivery to glioblastoma cells, however, the photochemical effect on gene transfer by viral vectors is highly dependent on the cell line and vector applied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0310 Oslo, Norway. anettbo@ulrik.uio.no
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonsted
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Høgset
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berg
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics; D011107:Polylysine / Q000235:genetics; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D010940:Plant Proteins; D054789:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 1; C485184:enhanced green fluorescent protein; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D011107:Polylysine; C025674:GEL protein, Gelonium multiflorum