title: Seroincidence and phylogeny of human immunodeficiency virus infections in a cohort of commercial sex workers in Montevideo, Uruguay.
abstract: A cohort study involving 60 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative male transvestite commercial sex workers (CSWs) was conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay in 1999-2001. Serum samples were tested for HIV by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening with immunoblot confirmation. Six participants seroconverted for an incidence-density rate of 6.03 (95% confidence interval = 2.21-13.12) per 100 person-years. Inconsistent condom use during client sex (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 6.7), during oral sex (AHR = 5.6), and at the last sexual encounter (AHR = 7.8), and use of marihuana (AHR = 5.4) were marginally associated with HIV seroconversion. Five samples were genotyped in the protease and reverse transcriptase regions; three were subtypes B and two were BF recombinants. Full genome analysis of four samples confirmed all three subtype B samples and one of the two BF recombinants. Male transvestite CSWs sustained a high rate of HIV infection. Larger prospective studies are required to better define subtypes and associated sexual and drug-related risk factors.
authors.affiliation: HIV/AIDS National Control Program, and Department of Laboratories of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Montevideo, Uruguay.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viñoles
authors.forename: Margarita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Russi
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ruchansky
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sosa-Estani
authors.forename: Silvia M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Montano
authors.forename: Gladys
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carrion
authors.forename: Lindsay M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Eyzaguirre
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bautista
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sanchez
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weissenbacher
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010802:Phylogeny; D012307:Risk Factors; D011477:Sex Work; D014583:Uruguay / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers