title: Identification of a new Irgarol-1051 related s-triazine species in coastal waters.
abstract: A previously unknown s-triazine species present in commercially available Irgarol-1051, a booster biocide additive in copper-based antifouling paints for the replacement of organotin-based antifoulants, has been identified in the coastal aquatic environment. After careful isolation, purification and characterization by high resolution MS-MS and (1)H NMR, the molecular structure of that unknown species is found to be N,N'-di-tert-butyl-6-methylthiol-s-triazine-2,4-diamine (designated as M3). Levels of Irgarol-1051, its major degradation product (M1) and the newly identified M3 in the coastal waters of Hong Kong, one of the world's busiest ports located in the southern coast of China, were monitored by SPME-GC-MS and SPME-GC-FID. Water samples from five locations within Hong Kong waters were analysed and the levels of Irgarol-1051, M1 and M3 were found to be 0.1-1.6 microg l(-1), 36.8-259.0 microg l(-1) and 0.03-0.39 microg l(-1), respectively. Our results indicate that M3 is relatively stable against photo- and bio-degradation and may pose considerable risk to primary producer communities in the coastal marine environment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology & Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Ave., Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: Ka-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Zongwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Ho-Yin
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wai
authors.forename: Vic Wing-Hang
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Tsang
authors.forename: Michael Hon-Wah
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Richard Yun-Hing
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Hongxia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Paul Kwan-Sing
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006723:Hong Kong; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000737:chemistry*; D045483:Rivers; D012623:Seawater; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008975:Molluscacides; C504854:N.N'-di-tert-butyl-6-methylthiol-s-triazine-2,4-diamine; D014227:Triazines; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C103341:irgarol 1051