title: Quantitative immunoassay of biotoxins on hydrogel-based protein microchips.
abstract: Three-dimensional gel-based microchips with immobilized proteins were used for quantitative immunoassay of a series of plant (ricin and viscumin) and bacterial (staphylococcal enterotoxin B, tetanus and diphtheria toxins, and lethal factor of anthrax) toxins. It was shown that different types of immunoassays (direct, competitive, and sandwich type) could be carried out on gel microchips. As shown by confocal microscope studies, antigen-antibody interactions involving the formation of tertiary antibody-antigen-antibody complex occur in the whole volume of microchip gel elements. Sandwich assay on microchips with immobilized antibodies provided the highest sensitivity of detection (0.1 ng/ml for ricin). Antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes, horseradish peroxidase conjugates, or biotinylated antibodies with subsequent treatment with labeled avidin were used as developing antibodies. The results of immunoassays were recorded using fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry directly from microchip gel elements. Gel microchips with immobilized capture antibodies were used to analyze the sample simultaneously for the presence of all six biotoxins with the same sensitivity as that for any single toxin.
authors.affiliation: Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 ul. Vavilova, 119991 Moscow, Russia. arubina@biochip.ru
authors.forename: A Yu
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Rubina
authors.forename: V I
authors.initials: VI
authors.lastname: Dyukova
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Dementieva
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stomakhin
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Nesmeyanov
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Grishin
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Zasedatelev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000032:analysis; D020100:Hydrogels; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000032:analysis; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D054790:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2; D012276:Ricin / Q000032:analysis; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D020100:Hydrogels; D028321:Plant Preparations; D010940:Plant Proteins; D054790:Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2; D014118:Toxins, Biological; C488862:mistletoe lectin I; D012276:Ricin