title: Cerebrovascular manifestations of Takayasu arteritis in Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Takayasu arteritis is well known as a cause of stroke in Asia but has rarely been described in the Western world. Here we report the clinical and neuroimaging follow-up of a series of patients with Takayasu arteritis from Europe.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen consecutive patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Takayasu arteritis of the American College of Rheumatology were evaluated on follow-up by standardized neurological examination, sonography and MRI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At follow-up almost 20 yr after onset of symptoms, the subclavian artery and the common carotid artery were often affected. In addition, evidence of intracranial pathology was found in seven patients. In contrast to the severe vessel involvement, the neurological state was stable. Two patients had suffered from stroke before the diagnosis was made and therapy was initiated, and one patient had recurrent transient ischaemic attacks. Intermittent dizziness was associated with pathology of the vertebral and basilar arteries. However, clinical symptoms of subclavian steal syndrome were rare.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case series shows that the clinical neurological course of Takayasu arteritis on treatment is benign in most cases despite the severe vascular involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Ringleb
authors.forename: E I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Strittmatter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loewer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fiebach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lichy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jacobi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Amendt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaninger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000209:etiology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology; D013348:Subclavian Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D013625:Takayasu Arteritis / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D044465:White People