title: Use of influenza C virus glycoprotein HEF for generation of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes.
abstract: Influenza C virus contains two envelope glycoproteins: CM2, a putative ion channel protein; and HEF, a unique multifunctional protein that performs receptor-binding, receptor-destroying and fusion activities. Here, it is demonstrated that expression of HEF is sufficient to pseudotype replication-incompetent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) that lacks the VSV glycoprotein (G) gene. The pseudotyped virus showed characteristic features of influenza C virus with respect to proteolytic activation, receptor usage and cell tropism. Chimeric glycoproteins composed of HEF ectodomain and VSV-G C-terminal domains were efficiently incorporated into VSV particles and showed receptor-binding and receptor-destroying activities but, unlike authentic HEF, did not mediate efficient infection, probably because of impaired fusion activity. HEF-pseudotyped VSV efficiently infected polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells via the apical plasma membrane, whereas entry of VSV-G-complemented virus was restricted to the basolateral membrane. These findings suggest that pseudotyping of viral vectors with HEF might be useful for efficient apical gene transfer into polarized epithelial cells and for targeting cells that express 9-O-acetylated sialic acids.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hanika
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Birthe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larisch
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Eike
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwegmann-Weßels
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Herrler
authors.affiliation: Institut für Virologie, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimmer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004285:Dogs; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009982:Gammainfluenzavirus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C028391:G protein, vesicular stomatitis virus; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins