title: Antifungal synergistic effect of scopoletin, a hydroxycoumarin isolated from Melia azedarach L. fruits.
abstract: In the continuous search for antifungal compounds from plants, the hydroxycoumarin scopoletin (1) was isolated from seed kernels of Melia azedarach L. from which three other compounds, vanillin (2), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamaldehyde (3), and (+/-) pinoresinol (4), have also been isolated. Guided fractionation through autobiography on TLC using Fusarium verticillioides (Saccardo) Nirenberg as test organism led to the isolation of 1, which exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1.50 mg/mL in the microbroth dilution method. Despite its own weak activity, when the coumarin was combined with the above-mentioned compounds, a strong enhancement of the antifungal effect was observed, even showing a complete inhibition in the growth of the pathogen when 1 was added at a concentration of up to 5% of its MIC value. The same level of effectiveness was observed when the synthetic antifungal agents Mancozeb and Carboxin were each combined with compounds 1-4, in which cases it became possible to decrease the effective concentrations of these commercial compounds by up to 2.5 and 3%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: CEPROCOR, Agencia Córdoba Ciencia S.E., Alvarez de Arenales 230, Barrio Juniors, X5004AAP Córdoba, Argentina.
authors.forename: María C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carpinella
authors.forename: Carlos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ferrayoli
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Palacios
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D001547:Benzaldehydes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005663:Furans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005670:Fusarium / Q000187:drug effects; D017705:Lignans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D031585:Melia; D031586:Melia azedarach / Q000737:chemistry*; D012603:Scopoletin / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001547:Benzaldehydes; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D005663:Furans; D017705:Lignans; C075384:coniferaldehyde; D000171:Acrolein; C100058:vanillin; D012603:Scopoletin; C103298:pinoresinol