title: Short communication: predominance of beta-casein (CSN2) C allele in goat breeds reared in Italy.
abstract: A protocol for the rapid and simultaneous genotyping of A, C, and 0 'CSN2 alleles in goat was developed by single strand conformational polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) technique. Screening the CSN2 variability in 7 goat breeds reared in Italy validated the genotyping test. The SSCP-PCR technique was also suitable for monitoring CSN2 polymorphism. In particular, the discrimination between CSN2*A and CSN2*C is important because the 2 corresponding protein variants cannot be separated by standard typing techniques. The monitoring of CSN2 variability in the goat breeds indicates the predominance of the C allele. In most breeds, CSN2*C occurred with the highest frequency, except in Saanen where CSN2*A and CSN2*C showed similar frequencies. Variant CSN2*C occurred with a frequency of 0.68 (Camosciata), 0.70 (Jonica), 0.71 (Garganica), 0.82 (Maltese), 0.87 (Cilentana), and 0.97 (Orobica). The alignment among the mature CSN2 sequences of different species suggests that CSN2*A is the ancestral allele compared with CSN2*C. Interestingly, the CSN2*A goat variant showed higher frequencies in selected breeds (Saanen and Camosciata).
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20134 Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chessa
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Budelli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiatti
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cito
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bolla
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caroli
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002364:Caseins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006041:Goats / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D016415:Sequence Alignment
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins