title: Assessment of cyclodisparity-induced slant perception with a synoptophore.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate with a synoptophore slant perception induced by binocular cyclodisparities in normal subjects and to argue for the possibility of abnormal slant perception in patients with cyclo-vertical strabismus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A vertical line with cyclodisparities that ranged from 0 degrees to +/- 10 degrees was presented to 17 normal subjects (mean +/- SD age, 28.4 +/- 5.6 years; 11 men and 6 women) with a synoptophore, and the perceived slant of the line in the pitch plane was measured by a matching method. Cyclodisparity thresholds for top-away and top-forward slants were also evaluated by the method of limits in a separate experiment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An incyclodisparity induced top-forward, while an excyclodisparity induced top-away, slant perception. The maximum slant angle was 37 degrees on average at a cyclodisparity of 10 degrees , and the mean slant gain (perceived angle/geometrically calculated angle) was 64 +/- 13%. The mean cyclodisparity thresholds for top-away and top-forward slants were -1.1 degrees and 0.6 degrees , respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The slant perception induced by cyclodisparities was reasonably assessed with the synoptophore. The cyclodisparity thresholds obtained in this experiment were much lower than the cyclodeviation range of the patients, indicating that a considerable number of patients may have abnormal slant perception once they achieve sensory fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohtsuki
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013285:Strabismus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015357:Vision Disparity / Q000502:physiology*; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology*