title: Toll-like receptor 4 detected in exocrine pancreas and the change of expression in cerulein-induced pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To detect Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and distribution in rat pancreas and the change of TLR4 expression in cerulein-induced pancreatitis (CIP).
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute pancreatitis was induced by subcutaneous injections of cerulein at a total dose of 20 microg/kg. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect and localize TLR4 in rat pancreas, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to quantitatively determine the expression of TLR4 mRNA in CIP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IHC showed the presence of TLR4 in rat pancreas, and its distribution was specifically localized to pancreatic ductal epithelium, vascular endothelium, and islet. No TLR4 staining was detected in exocrine acinar cells. Real-time RT-PCR results revealed low-level TLR4 mRNA expression in the rat pancreas, and the change of TLR4 in CIP only developed within the first 4 hours, which is a rapid up-regulation process that peaks at the first hour. TLR4 mRNA was sustained at baseline level from 4 to 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLR4 protein was expressed in pancreas and localized to epithelial (pancreatic duct) or endothelial (vessels) tissues; TLR4 responded favorably to the inflammatory process, and the change of expression was characterized as a rapid up-regulation in the early stage of CIP.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
authors.forename: Yuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zong-Guang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qing-Jie
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Hong-Guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gui-Qun
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yi-Lu
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ting-Ze
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000681:Amylases / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002108:Ceruletide; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004727:Endothelium / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008049:Lipase / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D046790:Pancreas, Exocrine / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C495347:Tlr4 protein, rat; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D002108:Ceruletide; D008049:Lipase; D000681:Amylases