title: Relationship between glucose transporter, hexokinase and FDG-PET in esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been established as a powerful diagnosing modality in clinical oncology. FDG accumulation has been demonstrated to correlate with hexokinase activity. However, recent reports suggest that glucose transporters participate in FDG accumulation. The aim of this study is to evaluate glucose transporter and hexokinase expression and clarify the relationship between them and FDG accumulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  FDG-PET was performed in 72 preoperative patients with esophageal cancer. The ratios of tumor radioactivity to plasma radioactivity (Ci/Cp values) were obtained 60 minutes after administration. We studied the expressions of glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and type-II hexokinase (HK-II) by immunohistochemical analysis of the resected specimen. The percentages of cells expressing Glut1 and HK-II were scored on a 5-point scale (1=0-20%, 2=20-40%, 3=40-60%, 4=60-80%, 5=80-100%). Then the 3 scores obtained from 3 counting trials were averaged to give the Glut-index and HK-index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All esophageal cancers showed marked FDG accumulation. All 72 cancers expressed Glut1 and 71 of 72 cancers expressed HK-II. The Glut-index had a weak correlation with the Ci/Cp value (not significant). The HK-index had a close positive correlation with the Ci/Cp value (p<0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG accumulation correlates more with type-II hexokinase expression than with glucose transporter 1 expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba-shi, Chiba, Japan. ttohma@graduate.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tohma
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okazumi
authors.forename: Harufumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Akihiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Ryoyu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mochiduki
authors.forename: Kiyohiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shuto
authors.forename: Hidehiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D006593:Hexokinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013194:Staining and Labeling
chemical_list: D051272:Glucose Transporter Type 1; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C495677:SLC2A1 protein, human; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006593:Hexokinase