title: Depression prevalence in disadvantaged young black women--African and Caribbean immigrants compared to US-born African Americans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research with Mexican Americans suggests that immigrants have lower rates of mental disorders than U. S.-born Mexican Americans. We examine the prevalence of depression, somatization, alcohol use and drug use among black American women, comparing rates of disorders among U. S.-born, Caribbean-born, and African-born subsamples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women in Women, Infants and Children (WIC) programs, county-run Title X family planning clinics, and low-income pediatric clinics were interviewed using the PRIME-MD. In total, 9,151 black women were interviewed; 7,965 were born in the U. S., 913 were born in Africa, and 273 were born in the Caribbean.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Controlling for other predictors, U.S.-born black women had odds of probable depression that were 2.94 times greater than the African-born women (p<0.0001, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.18) and 2.49 times greater than Caribbean-born women (p<0.0016, 95% CI: 1.41, 4.39). Likelihood of somatization did not differ among women who were U. S. born, African born, or Caribbean born. Rates of alcohol and drug problems were exceedingly low among all three groups, with less than 1% of the women reporting either alcohol or drug problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results mirror similar findings for Mexican immigrant as compared with American-born Mexican Americans. The findings suggest that living in the U. S. might increase depression among poor black women receiving services in county entitlement clinics. Further research with ethnically validated instruments is needed to identify protective and risk factors associated with depression in immigrant and U. S.-born poor black women.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, UCLA Wilshire Center, 10920 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 300, 957082, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1736, USA. mirandaj@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: Juned
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Siddique
authors.forename: Thomas R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Belin
authors.forename: Laura P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Kohn-Wood
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D001741:Black or African American / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015995:Prevalence; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology