title: MR cerebral blood volume maps correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor grade in nonenhancing gliomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measurements derived from perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) may be useful to evaluate angiogenesis and preoperatively estimate the grade of a glioma. We hypothesized that rCBV is correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression as marker of the angiogenic stimulus in presumed supratentorial low-grade gliomas (LGGs).
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 2001 to February 2004, we examined 20 adults (16 men, four women; mean age 36 years; range, 23-60 years) with suspected (nonenhancing) supratentorial LGG on conventional MR imaging. Preoperative MR imaging used a dynamic first-pass gadolinium-enhanced, spin-echo echo-planar PWI. In heterogeneous tumors, we performed stereotactic biopsy in the high-perfusion areas before surgical resection. Semiquantitative grading of VEGF immunoreactivity was applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine patients had diffuse astrocytomas (World Health Organization grade II), and 11 had other LGG and anaplastic gliomas. In patients with heterogeneous tumors on PWI, the high-rCBV focus had areas of oligodendroglioma or anaplastic astrocytoma on stereotactic biopsy, whereas the surgical specimens were predominantly astrocytomas. Anaplastic gliomas had high rCBV ratios and positive VEGF immunoreactivity. Diffuse astrocytomas had negative VEGF expression and mean rCBV values significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Three diffuse astrocytomas had positive VEGF immunoreactivity and high rCBV values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirmed the correlation among rCBV measurements, VEGF expression, and histopathologic grade in nonenhancing gliomas. PWI may add useful data to the preoperative assessment of nonenhancing gliomas. Its contribution in predicting tumor behavior and patient prognosis remains to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Medicina Diagnóstica Fleury and the Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Antonio C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Suzana M F
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Malheiros
authors.forename: Antonio J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: da Rocha
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Alberto A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Gabbai
authors.forename: Fernando A P
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Ferraz
authors.forename: João N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Stávale
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001810:Blood Volume; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015173:Supratentorial Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A