The influence of the mode of delivery on circulating cytokine concentrations in the perinatal period.
BACKGROUND
Cytokines play an important role during labor and full- or preterm delivery. They influence physical immunity of the fetus-neonate and express a leading role in the perinatal period, being present in maternal and fetal tissues.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether cytokine concentrations in the mother, fetus and neonate depend on the labor and the mode of the delivery.


METHODS
Prospective study.


METHODS
Seventy-eight healthy, non-smoking parturients (mean age 28+/-4, range 21-39 years, delivering vaginally: n=52 or by elective cesarean section: n=26) and their single, healthy, appropriate for gestational age, full-term neonates.


METHODS
We correlated determined circulating levels of IL-2, sIL-2R, IL-4, sIL-4R, IL-6, sIL-6R, IL-1beta, IL-8, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, sTNF RI, sTNF RII and RANTES in the mothers before delivery (MS), the fetuses (UC) and the neonates in days 1 (N1) and 4 (N4) of life, with the mode of delivery.


RESULTS
sIL-2R in N1 and N4, sIL-4R in MS, IL-6 in MS and UC, IL-1beta in MS, UC and N1, IFN-gamma in MS and UC, TNF-alpha in UC, N1 and N4, sTNF RI in UC were significantly higher in cases of vaginal delivery than in cases of elective cesarean section (p ranging from 0.0005 to 0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Vaginal delivery promotes the production of various cytokines and their receptors, which are implicated in neonatal immunity.
Malamitsi-Puchner
Ariadne
A
Neonatal Division, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, 19 Soultani Str, GR-10682 Athens, Greece. malamitsi@aias.gr
Protonotariou
Efthimia
E
Boutsikou
Theodora
T
Makrakis
Evangelos
E
Sarandakou
Angeliki
A
Creatsas
George
G
D000328:Adult; D002585:Cesarean Section; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D008297:Male; D009035:Mothers; D018743:Perinatal Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood
D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D016207:Cytokines; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II