title: Comparison between QRS duration at standard ECG and signal-averaging ECG for arrhythmic risk stratification after surgical repair of tetralogy of fallot.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot is complicated by the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia (VT). Among different indexes proposed to assess prognosis of these patients, the study of QRS and repolarization provided useful information. Controversial results come from the analysis of signal-averaging ECG (SAECG). The aim of our study was to identify patients operated for tetralogy of Fallot at higher risk of sudden death by means of SAECG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-six consecutive patients, mean age 26 +/- 10 years, were studied 17.7 +/- 5.8 years after total correction for tetralogy of Fallot using standard ECG, 24-hour Holter recordings, SAECG, and echocardiography. The following variables were measured: standard QRS duration, filtered QRS duration (fQRS), high-frequency and low-amplitude signal duration (HFLA), root mean square of the mean voltage in the terminal portion of filtered QRS (RMS), left and right end-diastolic volumes, and ejection fractions. During a mean follow-up period of 7.3 +/- 3.1 years, 12 patients had episodes of sustained VT and two of them suddenly died. All patients had complete right bundle branch block. Patients with VT were characterized by a significantly longer fQRS duration at all filter settings. On the contrary, there was no difference in standard QRS duration in patients with or without VT. At a multivariate analysis, left ventricular ejection fraction and fQRS were independent predictors for VT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A longer fQRS duration is associated with an increased risk in developing malignant ventricular arrhythmias in asymptomatic patients after total correction of tetralogy of Fallot.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Antonio Franco
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Folino
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzotti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rebellato
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Daliento
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors