title: Features of the peritoneal covering of the lesser pelvis with special reference to stomata regions.
abstract: Occasional reports describe various aspects of the fine morphology of the pelvic peritoneum, but its complete organ characteristics remain undefined. The peritoneal covering of the urinary bladder, rectum, uterus, uterine tube, ovary, broad ligament (BL) and testis in Wistar rats was examined by means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM, SEM). Unusually complicated relief and stomata between the cubic mesothelial cells characterized the surface of the BL. Deep, parallel furrows separated the wide longitudinal folds over the entire length of the uterine tube. The uterus and the ovary formed less numerous, shallow or extremely deep crypt-like invaginations, as well as serous villus-like or papilla-like evaginations. The flat cells were the predominant cell type over the BL, while the cubic mesothelium was the basic covering of the organs. Most of the cubic cells were located in the invagination of the submesothelial layer (SML). Such cells formed an almost smooth surface over the urinary bladder or formed larger areas of the rectum and the testis surfaces. Numerous microvilli, ciliae, round evaginations and complex lamellar bodies characterized their apical plasmalemma. In conclusion, the mesothelial heterogeneity is a stable feature of the lesser pelvis peritoneum, confirmed by TEM and SEM. The cubic mesothelium characterizes the organ peritoneum, while the BL plays the role of the parietal sheet, involving lymphatic units in the SML. The different types of contacts between the mesothelio-endothelial cells, large lymphatic vessels and occasional stomata are the usual components of the lymphatic units in norm, visible by TEM. Images of stomata, seen by SEM, demonstrate oval-shaped deep channel-like gaps surrounded by cubic mesothelium. The last data extend the evidence on stomata regions, which resemble the diaphragmatic ones. Clusters of cells (macrophages, mastocytes and Lymphocytes), small vessels (blood or lymphatic) and nerve fibers (unmyelinated and rare myelinated) form highly specialized complexes in the SML of the ovary, the uterus and the testis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Histology, Medical University, G. Sofiiski 1, BG-1431 Sofia, Bulgaria. muaddib111@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Krassimira N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Michailova
authors.forename: Wassil A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Wassilev
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kühnel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008022:Ligaments / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010053:Ovary / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010388:Pelvis; D010537:Peritoneum / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012007:Rectum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013737:Testis / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014599:Uterus / Q000648:ultrastructure