title: Assessment of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Caribbean population with high diabetes-related morbidity.
abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity in Trinidad and Tobago. Screening programmes are not incorporated in the health sector and the population at risk remains unaware of the benefits of screening. We investigated the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus in office workers with one risk factor. Participants were randomly selected from the urban corporate sector in Port of Spain. Fasting capillary blood glucose and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) questionnaire for major diabetes risk factors were used to assess risk. Student pharmacists approached 482 persons, of whom 317 consented to participate (66% response rate). There were 101 (32%) men and 216 (68%) women, 37 (39%) were of African ancestry and 28% each were of East Indian and mixed ancestry. Family history was positive in 54%. Thirty per cent (95) of the volunteers were at risk of developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus (41 men; 54 women). Based on the ADA questionnaire, 82% (78) of volunteers were at high risk for developing Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ADA risk test and Impaired Fasting Glucose were both positive in 13 (14%) volunteers. In subjects at risk, Body Mass Index (BMI) was > 25 kg/m2 in 74% (78) and the waist/hip ratio was 0.85. Approximately 30% of office staff was at risk of developing diabetes mellitus. The ADA questionnaire is a useful non-invasive measure which pharmacists can use to assess risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The glucometer can be used for risk assessment providing that it is associated with a quality assurance programme and that diagnosis is confirmed with laboratory testing.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fanovich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ramdath
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pinto Pereira
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014300:Trinidad and Tobago / Q000453:epidemiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose