title: Evaluation of time-course changes of gingival crevicular fluid glucose levels in diabetics.
abstract: A minute volume such as a few hundred nano-litres of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) will evaporate within one minute at room temperature after collection. In order to investigate the feasibility of a method for noninvasive blood glucose measurement using this fluid, a fabricated GCF-collecting device, and the time-course changes of blood and GCF glucose levels in diabetics were evaluated. As a result of improvement in the GCF-collecting device such that the color of a filter paper changed from white to black upon collection of the sample, the completion of the collecting procedure could be visually confirmed. Using this device, we succeeded in collecting 200 nl of GCF within 30 s, despite the fact that GCF is usually secreted at a rate between 2 and 3 microl per tooth per hour. This method could be applicable for collecting small volume of other biological fluids. The time-course changes of blood and GCF glucose levels in ten type 2 diabetic subjects were examined, the correlation coefficient, R, between both glucose levels was 0.878. The result proved to be similar to that for normal healthy subjects in a previous study. A significant time difference between the two glucose levels was not observed. In diabetes period of 4.8 +/- 1.7 years, the influence of the disease on the GCF glucose level was minimal. Furthermore, from the ROC curve analysis, both sensitivity and specificity showed favorable results. It was suggested that the measurement of GCF glucose levels was a promising screening method for diabetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Material Systems Engineering and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama University, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. yamag@eng.toyama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Ryuji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kambe
authors.forename: Toyomasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatakeyama
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Naitoh
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose