title: Ultrasound crack detection in a simulated human tooth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Currently, diagnosis of cracked teeth generally depends upon the overall clinical assessment, or on exclusion of other clinical possibilities, not primarily on the direct identification of cracks themselves. Owing to its short wavelength in hard tissues and associated high resolution, ultrasound has the potential to allow detection of cracks within tooth structure. However, ultrasound detection of dental cracks has not previously been achieved. The purpose was to determine if an ultrasound imaging system was capable of imaging cracks in simulated tooth structure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A complete ultrasound system including a novel transducer made of PLZT-98, a novel gallium-indium alloy coupling agent, and customized electronic and digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms was developed for the specific application of optimizing crack detection within teeth. A simulated tooth with a known and uniform internal structure and acoustic properties similar to those of natural enamel and dentin was designed to model a human tooth with a crack located in dentin deep to the dentino-enamel junction (DEJ). The distance between the DEJ and a crack of the simulated tooth were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The system unequivocally distinguished between areas with and without a simulated crack.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A unique ultrasound dental crack detection system using a novel transducer; a novel coupling agent; and customized electronic and digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms has been validated in a simulated tooth.
authors.affiliation: UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Culjat
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Neurgaonkar
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000497:Alloys; D003387:Cracked Tooth Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005708:Gallium; D006801:Humans; D007204:Indium; D003765:Models, Dental; D012666:Semiconductors; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014159:Transducers; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D007204:Indium; D005708:Gallium