title: [Anaesthesia and prostate surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current data about anaesthetic management in prostate surgery with special regards on analysis and prevention of specific risks, appropriate anaesthetic procedure keeping with surgery and patient, recognition and treatment of adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Pubmed database was searched for articles (1990-2004) combined with references analysis of major articles on the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  It is strongly recommended to settle germfree urine in the preoperative period. The thromboembolic risk of radical retropubic prostatectomy for cancer parallels lower abdomen oncologic surgery and is prolonged. Preoperative evaluation of cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological and metabolic comorbidity is a source of prognostic information and an essential tool in the management of elderly patients with prostate disease. Extreme patient positioning applied in prostate surgery induces haemodynamic and respiratory changes and are associated with severe muscular and nervous injuries. The laparoscopic access for radical prostatectomy is a growing alternative to the open surgical procedure. Acute normovolaemic haemodilution is a consistent and cost-effective blood conservation strategy in reducing allogenic blood transfusion for radical retropubic prostatectomy. Whether open transvesical or transurethral prostatectomy for treatment of benign hypertrophy depends on the size of the gland: transurethral resection is safe up to 80 g. Intrathecal anaesthesia with a T9 cephalad spread of sensory block, produces adequate conditions for transurethral prostatectomy and allows a rapid diagnosis of irrigating fluid absorption syndrome. In spite of recommended preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, bacteriemias are frequent during transurethral prostate resection.
authors.affiliation: Service d'anesthésie et de réanimation chirurgicale, Hôtel-Dieu, 44093 Nantes, France. jylepage@chu-nantes.fr
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lepage
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rivault
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karam
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Malinovsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Le Gouedec
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cozian
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malinge
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pinaud
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery; D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011467:Prostate / Q000601:surgery*; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D012307:Risk Factors; D013519:Urogenital Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects