title: Prevalence of breast arterial calcifications in an ethnically diverse population of women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) identified on routine mammography have been associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors including diabetes and hypertension, angiographically defined CHD, and increased cardiovascular mortality. Accumulating evidence suggests that the mammogram may be an important tool to identify women at risk for CHD, however, the epidemiology of BAC has been poorly defined and previous studies limited to white populations.
  
  
  METHODS
  The mammograms of 1905 consecutive women (51.2% Hispanic, 25.8% white, 15.3% black, 5.4% other, 2.2% Asian, ages 35-92 years) were evaluated for the presence of BAC and the number of calcified arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of BAC was 29.4% and was significantly higher for Hispanics compared with whites (34.5% vs. 24.0%, p=0.0002) and lower for Asians compared with whites (7.1% vs. 24.0%, p < 0.02). Among BAC-positive women aged 65 years or less, blacks had more calcified arteries than whites (p < 0.01). The presence of BAC increased with age (p for trend < 0.0001). In age-adjusted models, older Hispanics were more likely to be BAC-positive than whites of similar age (p < 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that BAC varies significantly by age and race/ethnicity. These findings should be taken into consideration when designing future studies of BAC and CHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Jhansi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Hongju
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Suzanne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Furcy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paultre
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mosca
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012306:Risk