title: Hyphal growth and mycorrhiza formation by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus claroideum BEG 23 is stimulated by humic substances.
abstract: Effects of humic substances (humic acid or fulvic soil extract) or saprophytic microorganisms (Paecilomyces lilacinus and an unidentified actinomycete) on growth of mycelium and mycorrhiza formation by Glomus claroideum BEG23 were studied in a hydroponic system. Humic substances stimulated root colonization and production of extraradical mycelium by the mycorrhizal fungus. Both humic and fulvic acids tended to decrease populations of culturable bacteria and fungi in the cultivation system, indicating a moderately antibiotic activity. The addition of saprophytic microorganisms able to use humic substances to the cultivation system further stimulated the development of the mycorrhizal fungus. However, stimulation of G. claroideum was also observed when the saprophytic microorganisms were heat-killed, suggesting that their effect was not linked to a specific action on humic substances. The results indicate that humic substances may represent a stimulatory component of the soil environment with respect to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology CAS, Division of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic. gryndler@biomed.cas.cz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gryndler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hrselová
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sudová
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gryndlerová
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rezácová
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Merhautová
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D006812:Humic Substances; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000382:microbiology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D006812:Humic Substances; C005023:fulvic acid