title: [The evaluation of visual disorders in preschool children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual disorders and their causes in preschool children.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have examined 839 children of 2-6 years. They were divided into two age groups: of 2-3 years (I gr.) and of 4-6 years old (II gr.). We estimated the visual acuity at 3m distance, binocular vision, refractive status by cycloplegic skiascopy (sol. cyclogyli 1% x 2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Impaired vision was found in 14.94% of children, but it was significant in the second group (p<0.05); binocular vision was absent in 4.2% of the children. The evaluation of refraction showed that the cause of visual disorders was hyperopia of various degree (43.26%), hyperopic astigmatism (23.08%), spasm of accommodation (14.42%). The second group had significantly more cases of astigmatism and spasm of accommodation (27.38% and 16.67%, respectively), less common--strabismus (1.19%); it was significantly different from the first group (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Visual disorders were diagnosed in 14.94% of 2-6 years children. Impaired vision of preschool children was caused by the ocular ametropias (hyperopia of various degrees, astigmatism) and disorders of accommodation.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Eye Diseases, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. okuliaras@omni.lt
authors.forename: Ona
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Majauskiene
authors.forename: Rimtaute
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aukstikalniene
authors.forename: Rūta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ceponiene
authors.forename: Indre
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Majauskaite
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity