title: Relationship between trait-anger and sleep disturbances in middle-aged men and women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study was performed to determine whether high levels of trait-anger (T-Anger) are independently associated with sleep disturbances and quantitative and qualitative measurements of sleep in middle-aged adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enrolled in the study were 2404 men and 2291 women derived from the Korean Health and Genome Study (KHGS), which is an ongoing population-based prospective study. The Spielberger Trait Anger Scale was used to measure T-Anger.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sleep disturbances, including difficulty in initiating and maintaining sleep (DIS and DMS, respectively) and early morning awakening (EMA), significantly increased with increasing levels of T-Anger (P<.05 by test for trend). Nonrestorative feelings in the morning and excessive daytime sleepiness were also strongly associated with higher levels of T-Anger. After adjusting for other potential risk factors, the high and/or moderate T-Anger showed 40% to 70% increases in the odds for sleep disturbances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study provides evidence that high levels of T-Anger are independently associated with symptoms of disturbed sleep in middle-aged adult population.
authors.affiliation: Korea University Medical Science Research Center, Korea University, 5-Ka, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul 136-701, Korea. kr_shin@yahoo.co.kr
authors.forename: Chol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jinyoung
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyeryeon
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Hyunjoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jungbok
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyungrim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000786:Anger; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology