title: Microchip technology in ion-channel research.
abstract: The electrical activity of living cells can be monitored in various ways, but for the study of ion channels and the drugs that affect them, the patch-clamp techniques are the most sensitive. Recent developments in microfabricated patch-clamp electrodes are reviewed, and technical challenges for the future are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8026, USA. fred.sigworth@yale.edu
authors.forename: Fred J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Sigworth
authors.forename: Kathryn G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Klemic
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D004867:Equipment Design; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D056656:Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D046208:Microchip Analytical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D012106:Research / Q000295:instrumentation; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D007473:Ion Channels