title: Decreased CCAAT/enhancer binding protein transcription factor activity in chronic bronchitis and COPD.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) are key regulators of cell differentiation and linked processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression in several organs. C/EBPs are also central for inflammatory responses and infectious defenses, but so far little is known of their role in lung diseases. Chronic bronchitis (CB) and COPD are common smoking-associated lung diseases involving the airway epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gelshifts were used to study C/EBP transcription factor activity in airway epithelial cells obtained by bronchial brush biopsy in four groups: healthy never-smokers (n = 10), asymptomatic smokers (n = 7), and smokers with CB and recurrent infectious exacerbations without COPD (n = 23) and with COPD (n = 13).
  
  
  RESULTS
  C/EBP-binding activity was increased 4.6-fold in airway epithelial cells of healthy smokers compared with never-smokers. In contrast, C/EBP binding activity was not increased in the epithelium of smokers with CB or COPD. C/EBP-beta was the dominant C/EBP in the airway epithelium in all groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We hypothesize that this lack of increase in C/EBP-beta activity renders the epithelium incompetent of efficient regeneration and more sensitive to infection, suggesting a previously unknown role for C/EBPs in the pathogenesis of CB and COPD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, NOVUM, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE141 86 Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lukas
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Didon
authors.forename: Ingemar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Qvarfordt
authors.forename: Olof
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nord
authors.forename: Gerdt C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Riise
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000209:etiology*; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor