title: Tumour budding detected by laminin-5 {gamma}2-chain immunohistochemistry is of prognostic value in epidermoid anal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Markers for guidance with regard to individual prognosis and treatment planning are sought in epidermoid anal cancer. This study assessed the prognostic and predictive value of tumour budding.
  
  
  METHODS
  From a population-based consecutive series of patients who were prospectively recorded, it was possible to investigate 209 (76%) of the pretreatment biopsies. Immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody for the gamma2 chain of laminin-5 was used to detect tumour budding (defined as dissociated single cancer cells or clusters of up to five cells).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tumour budding was detected in 104 (50%) of the 209 samples. No significant correlation was found between tumour budding and clinicopathological characteristics. Patients with tumour budding had a statistically significantly better 5-year overall survival rate compared with patients lacking tumour budding (74% versus 64%, P <0.05). Albeit not statistically significant, other outcome variables such as tumour-specific survival, recurrence after initial complete response and rate of distant metastases, were all in favour of patients with tumour budding. Multivariate analysis reveals tumour budding as an independent positive prognostic factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumour budding detected by laminin-5 immunohistochemistry may be of prognostic value in the treatment of epidermoid anal cancer. However, further studies are needed to clarify the possible clinical implications.
authors.affiliation: Centre of Gastrointestinal Disease, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm. per.nilsson@ersta.se
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nilsson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lenander
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Auer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Glimelius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007797:Laminin / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models
chemical_list: C400567:LAMC2 protein, human; D007797:Laminin