title: A single immunization with a rhabdovirus-based vector expressing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) S protein results in the production of high levels of SARS-CoV-neutralizing antibodies.
abstract: Foreign viral proteins expressed by rabies virus (RV) have been shown to induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses in immunized animals. In addition, highly attenuated and, therefore, very safe RV-based vectors have been constructed. Here, an RV-based vaccine vehicle was utilized as a novel vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). For this approach, the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (N) or envelope spike protein (S) genes were cloned between the RV glycoprotein G and polymerase L genes. Recombinant vectors expressing SARS-CoV N or S protein were recovered and their immunogenicity was studied in mice. A single inoculation with the RV-based vaccine expressing SARS-CoV S protein induced a strong SARS-CoV-neutralizing antibody response. The ability of the RV-SARS-CoV S vector to confer immunity after a single inoculation makes this live vaccine a promising candidate for eradication of SARS-CoV in animal reservoirs, thereby reducing the risk of transmitting the infection to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 350 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA.
authors.forename: Milosz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faber
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, MSC-8007, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-8007, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lamirande
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, MSC-8007, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-8007, USA.
authors.forename: Anjeanette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 350 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA.
authors.forename: Amy B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 350 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA.
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koprowski
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 350 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA.
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dietzschold
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 350 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA 19107-5541, USA.
authors.forename: Matthias J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Schnell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D023421:Models, Animal; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012209:Rhabdoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control*; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C064951:glycoprotein G, Rabies virus; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV; C578553:spike protein, mouse hepatitis virus; C097625:L protein, Rabies virus; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases