Benchmarking iron dextran sensitivity: reactions requiring resuscitative medication in incident and prevalent patients.
BACKGROUND
Reliable information on the incidence of severe reactions to iron dextran is limited. Administration of agents of resuscitation in acute anaphylaxis may serve as a marker to quantify life-threatening adverse drug reactions.


METHODS
To determine the incidence of the most serious reactions to intravenous (i.v.) iron dextran, we searched the Gambro Healthcare US medical database for evidence of same-day administration of both i.v. iron dextran and parenteral adrenaline, corticosteroids or antihistamines. We confirmed each case as an iron dextran sensitivity reaction by direct inquiry. We also determined the total reported number of suspected adverse iron dextran reactions.


RESULTS
During the 16 month study period, we determined that 1,066,099 doses of i.v. iron dextran were given to 48,509 patients, including 20,213 patients who had not previously received iron dextran (iron dextran naïve). We identified seven patients who experienced reactions requiring resuscitative agents, all in response to a test dose (five patients) or first therapeutic dose (two patients), and therefore all in the iron-naïve (incident) group. Thus, we found the incidence of iron dextran reactions requiring resuscitative agents to be 0.035% (7 out of 20,213). No reaction was fatal. In a combined group of incident and prevalent patients, we found 337 total reports of suspected adverse reactions to iron dextran, without regard to severity of reaction, yielding an overall per patient adverse drug event (ADE) rate of 0.69% (337 out of 48,509) and per exposure rate of 0.03% (337 out of 1,066,099).


CONCLUSIONS
The incidence of reactions to iron dextran requiring resuscitative medications, per exposure or per patient, is approximately 0.035%. Reactions of this severity occur after either the test dose or first dose of iron dextran.
Walters
Brian A J
BA
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Van Wyck
David B
DB
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012151:Resuscitation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D006634:Histamine H1 Antagonists; D007505:Iron-Dextran Complex; D004837:Epinephrine