title: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer stimulates tumor angiogenesis by elevating vascular endothelial cell growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are endopeptidases that play pivotal roles in promoting tumor disease progression, including tumor angiogenesis. In many solid tumors, MMP expression could be attributed to tumor stromal cells and is partially regulated by tumor-stroma interactions via tumor cell-associated extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN). The role of EMMPRIN during tumor angiogenesis and growth was explored by modulating EMMPRIN expression and activity using recombinant DNA engineering and neutralizing antibodies. In human breast cancer cells, changes in EMMPRIN expression influenced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production at both RNA and protein levels. In coculture of tumor cells and fibroblasts mimicking tumor-stroma interactions, VEGF expression was induced in an EMMPRIN- and MMP-dependent fashion, and was further enhanced by overexpressing EMMPRIN. Conversely, VEGF expression was inhibited by suppressing EMMPRIN expression in tumor cells, by neutralizing EMMPRIN activity, or by inhibiting MMPs. In vivo, EMMPRIN overexpression stimulated tumor angiogenesis and growth; both were significantly inhibited by antisense suppression of EMMPRIN. Expression of both human and mouse VEGF and MMP, derived from tumor and host cells, respectively, was regulated by EMMPRIN. These results suggest a novel tumor angiogenesis mechanism in which tumor-associated EMMPRIN functionally mediates tumor-stroma interactions and directly contributes to tumor angiogenesis and growth by stimulating VEGF and MMP expression.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Research, Centocor, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Marian T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nakada
authors.forename: Prabakaran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kesavan
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: McCabe
authors.forename: Hillary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rafferty
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugelski
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D051926:Basigin; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C497886:BSG protein, human; C497887:Bsg protein, mouse; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051926:Basigin; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9