title: The influence of rainfall on the incidence of microbial faecal indicators and the dominant sources of faecal pollution in a Florida river.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An assessment of microbial densities in an urbanized Florida watershed was performed during a period of changing rainfall patterns to investigate the role of climate coupled with urbanization in declining water quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of traditional and alternative faecal indicators were assessed by standard methods over 24 months. Sources of faecal contamination were determined by antibiotic resistance analysis (ARA) of faecal coliform (FC) bacteria. Composite indices of indicator organisms based on a suite of microbial measurements were used to quantify pollution impacts in the river. ARA results found that FC from wild animal sources dominated during the drought, and the relative frequency of FC from human sources increased after cumulative rainfall increased to near-normal levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes observed in faecal indicator densities and in FC sources during changing rainfall patterns strongly suggest a role of precipitation on the sources and extent of microbial pollution in urbanized coastal watersheds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial source tracking coupled with a composite index of microbial contamination resulted in a more complete picture of microbial pollution within the river, as opposed to the general practice of reliance on one indicator organism. Improved land use decisions in urban areas are necessary to insure maintenance of coastal environmental health under changing climate patterns and population density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. sshehane@cas.usf.edu
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Shehane
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Whitlock
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Rose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D011891:Rain; D045483:Rivers; D012621:Seasons; D012623:Seawater; D014481:United States; D014507:Urbanization; D014871:Water Microbiology; D014876:Water Pollution