title: Aerobic stability of wheat and orchardgrass round-bale silages during winter.
abstract: Using recently developed technology, balage is often stored in large (1.2 x 1.2 m) round bales that are wrapped in plastic film with an in-line wrapper. The aerobic stability of this fermented forage is important, particularly during winter months when it is fed to livestock or sold as a cash crop. Two types of forage, orchardgrass [Dactylis glomerata L.; 54.4% dry matter (DM)] and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.; 62.4% DM), were packaged in large round bales and wrapped with an in-line wrapper during May 2002. Twenty-one bales of each balage type were unwrapped and exposed to air on Dec. 10, 2002 for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, or 32 d (ambient temperature range = 0.6 to 19.4 degrees C) to evaluate aerobic stability. For both orchardgrass and wheat balage, final bale weight, concentration of DM, and pH were not affected by exposure time. Across both balage types, DM recoveries were > or = 97% for all bales, indicating that both balage types were very stable when exposed to air. For orchardgrass balage, exposure time had no effect on concentrations of NDF, ADF, hemicellulose, cellulose, or lignin, thereby indicating that little deterioration occurred. Similarly, no contrast relating any fiber component with exposure time was significant for wheat balage. Concentrations of crude protein (CP) were not affected by exposure time for wheat balage, but there was a tendency for exposed orchardgrass bales to have greater concentrations of CP than bales sampled on d 0. Exposure time had no effect on 48-h in situ digestibility of DM for wheat balage, but there was a tendency for a linear increase with exposure time for orchardgrass balage. However, the overall range (78.2 to 80.5%) over the 32-d exposure period was very narrow, and this response is probably of limited biological significance. Generally, concentrations of fermentation acids were low, primarily because of the high concentration of DM within these balages, and only minimal changes in these acids were observed over the exposure interval. These results suggest that the balage evaluated in this trial during winter conditions was very stable after exposure to air for up to 32 d. This should allow for considerable flexibility with respect to feeding, transport, and marketing of balage during winter months without significant aerobic deterioration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Rhein
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Coblentz
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Rosenkrans
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Kellogg
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000821:Animal Feed; D002482:Cellulose / Q000032:analysis; D031745:Dactylis / Q000737:chemistry; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005519:Food Preservation; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010100:Oxygen; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000032:analysis; D012621:Seasons; D012820:Silage / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014908:Triticum / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D011134:Polysaccharides; D000641:Ammonia; C007916:hemicellulose; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen