title: Microgemma vivaresi n. sp. (Microsporidia, Tetramicridae), infecting liver and skeletal muscle of sea scorpions, Taurulus bubalis (Euphrasen 1786) (Osteichthyes, Cottidae), an inshore, littoral fish.
abstract: The ultrastructure of a new microsporidian species Microgemma vivaresi n. sp. causing liver cell xenoma formation in sea scorpions, Taurulus bubalis, is described. Stages of merogony, sporogony, and sporogenesis are mixed in the central cytoplasm of developing xenomas. All stages have unpaired nuclei. Uninucleate and multinucleate meronts lie within vacuoles formed from host endoplasmic reticulum and divide by binary or multiple fission. Sporonts, no longer in vacuoles, deposit plaques of surface coat on the plasma membrane that cause the surface to pucker. Division occurs at the puckered stage into sporoblast mother cells, on which plaques join up to complete the surface coat. A final binary fission gives rise to sporoblasts. A dense globule, thought to be involved in polar tube synthesis, is gradually dispersed during spore maturation. Spores are broadly ovoid, have a large posterior vacuole, and measure 3.6 microm x 2.1 microm (fresh). The polar tube has a short wide anterior section that constricts abruptly, then runs posteriad to coil about eight times around the posterior vacuole with granular contents. The polaroplast has up to 40 membranes arranged in pairs mostly attached to the wide region of the polar tube and directed posteriorly around a cytoplasm of a coarsely granular appearance. The species is placed alongside the type species Microgemma hepaticusRalphs and Matthews 1986 within the family Tetramicridae, which is transferred from the class Dihaplophasea to the class Haplophasea, as there is no evidence for the occurrence of a diplokaryotic phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK. e.canning@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: Elizabeth U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Canning
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Feist
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longshaw
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Okamura
authors.forename: Cort L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Man Tsuey
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Curry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000469:parasitology*; D005399:Fishes / Q000469:parasitology*; D008099:Liver / Q000469:parasitology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D016814:Microsporidia / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016881:Microsporidiosis / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000469:parasitology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D033761:Spores, Protozoan / Q000648:ultrastructure