title: Incidence and clinical significance of lymph node metastasis detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemical staining in ductal carcinoma in situ.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study explored the long-term prognosis of patients with ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) and lymph node metastasis detected by cytokeratin immunohistochemical stains (CK-IHC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Columbia University breast cancer database, we identified all DCIS patients who had eight or more axillary nodes dissected and free of metastasis. Five-micrometer sections from all paraffin blocks containing lymph node tissue were stained with an anticytokeratin antibody cocktail (AE1/AE3 and KL1). The results of the CK-IHC and updated database were anonymized and merged. Survival of CK-IHC-positive and -negative patients was compared by using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CK-IHC was performed on 301 DCIS patients, who had an average of 16.7 axillary nodes dissected. Eighteen (6%) of 301 patients tested positive by CK-IHC. Seventy patients with bilateral breast cancer and 2 patients without any follow-up data were excluded, for a final study population of 229 patients. Among the 216 patients with negative CK-IHC, 18 patients died, compared with 1 of 13 patients with positive CK-IHC. The median follow-up for the study group was 127 months. Kaplan-Meier overall and breast cancer-specific survival estimates were similar for CK-IHC-positive and -negative patients (P = .81 and P = .73, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CK-IHC increases the incidence of positive nodes by 6% in DCIS patients. A positive node by CK-IHC does not seem to affect survival in these patients. These results raise concerns regarding the clinical significance of positive nodes by CK-IHC in DCIS patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Columbia University Comprehensive Breast Center, New York, New York 10032, USA. me180@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El-Tamer
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Deepa
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Shing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hanina
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hibshoosh
authors.forename: Mahesh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansukhani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D007633:Keratins