title: Association of anticardiolipin antibody and C677T in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions: a new path to thrombophilia?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has been associated with venous thrombosis in the mother. Acquired and inherited thrombophilia factors are possible causes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the association between thrombogenic factors and recurrent spontaneous abortion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher, Universidade Estadual de Campinas.
  
  
  METHODS
  40 ml of blood was collected from 88 women attending an RSA clinic and 88 fertile women attending a family planning clinic, to evaluate the presence of acquired and inherited thrombophilia factors. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA), lupus anticoagulant and deficiencies of proteins C and S and antithrombin III were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), dilute Russell Viper Venom time (dRVVT), coagulometric and chromogenic methods. DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to study factor V Leiden and G20210A mutations in the prothrombin gene and C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. Data were analyzed using odds ratios and a regression model for age adjustment. Fishers exact test was used to evaluate statistical relationships between associated factors and RSA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACA was detected in 11 women with RSA and one fertile woman. Heterozygous C677T was detected in 59 women with RSA and 35 fertile women. Concomitant presence of ACA and C677T was found in eight women with RSA and no fertile women (p < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The meaning of the association between C677T mutation in the MTHFR gene and ACA is still not clear. It is possible that an inherited factor that alone would not strongly predispose a woman to thrombosis could, when associated with an acquired factor, start the process and increase the likelihood of thrombosis expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ACA and C677T in the MTHFR gene are statistically associated with RSA. The association of these two conditions is a new finding in thrombogenic factors and RSA.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. egle@unicamp.br
authors.forename: Egle
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Couto
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barini
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaccaria
authors.forename: Joyce Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Annicchino-Bizzacchi
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passini Junior
authors.forename: Belmiro Gonçalves
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: José Carlos Gama da
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: João Luiz
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pinto e Silva
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D011250:Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic / Q000097:blood*; D012307:Risk Factors; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017153:Antibodies, Anticardiolipin; D015415:Biomarkers; D042965:Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)