title: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative measurements on unenhanced T1-weighted fat saturation MR images in predicting pancreatic pathology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of signal intensity (SI) analysis on unenhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted MR images in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease and to compare subjective interpretation with different quantitative measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pancreas was evaluated in 159 patients (86 normal and 73 with pancreatic disease) with spoiled gradient echo (GRE) T1-weighted fat saturation MR images. The relative SI of the pancreas to liver and spleen was quantitatively measured using regions of interest (ROIs) and qualitatively assessed by two independent observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values between a normal and an abnormal pancreas with pancreas-liver ratios of 0.14 +/- 0.37 vs. -0.32 +/- 0.24, respectively, and pancreas-spleen ratios of 0.89 +/- 0.55 vs. 0.02 +/- 0.43, respectively, were significantly different (P < 0.001). The pancreas-liver SI ratio was significantly better than the pancreas-spleen ratio throughout the disease group (area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve +/- SD; 0.92 +/- 0.02 for pancreas-liver vs. 0.86 +/- 0.03 for pancreas-spleen, P < 0.01), and after excluding cases of acute pancreatitis (0.96 +/- 0.02 for pancreas-liver vs. 0.89 +/- 0.03 for pancreas-spleen, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between quantitative and qualitative analysis (area under the ROC curve +/- SD; 0.93 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.93 +/- 0.02 for the entire disease group; excluding acute pancreatitis 0.96 +/- 0.02 vs 0.97 +/- 0.02) for the diagnosis of pancreatic disease when using liver as internal standard. The interobserver concordance was very good (kappa > 0.71). The sensitivity of visual liver comparison was 80% in the entire disease group and 91% after the cases of acute pancreatitis were excluded, while specificity was 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The pancreas-liver ratio is the best quantitative means of distinguishing normal from abnormal pancreas. Visual observation by experienced observers (qualitative measurement) was just as accurate as quantitative measurement. Detection of pancreatic pathology can be made with high accuracy by visually comparing the SI of the pancreas with that of the normal liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, McGill University, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. gallix@imaginet.fr
authors.forename: Benoît P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Gallix
authors.forename: Patrice M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bret
authors.forename: Mostafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Atri
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lecesne
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reinhold
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity