title: Simultaneous separation of different types of amphetamine and piperazine designer drugs by capillary electrophoresis with a chiral selector.
abstract: The recent emergence of a new class of piperazine-type compounds has brought about the need for laboratory screening methods for both seized drugs and toxicological samples. These piperazine compounds, which include 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) and 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), exhibit comparable physiological effects and can be substituted for the classic amphetamine-type drugs. We have optimized a chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation that detects a set of 6 piperazine and 4 chiral amphetamine compounds in under 23 min using a 200 mM phosphate buffer at a pH = 2.8 with 20 mM hydroxypropyl- beta-cyclodextrin (HPbeta3CD). In addition to the above compounds, a series of "clandestine" BZP diHCl samples were also analyzed using this method to assess the ruggedness of the procedure. The novel CE separation was tailored to simultaneously detect these piperzine compounds in addition to amphetamine-type drugs. Distinct migration time and UV-spectral data were obtained for all compounds of interest.
authors.affiliation: Ohio University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens OH 45701, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: McCord
authors.forename: Samuel R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gratz
authors.forename: Jill R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Loeliger
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Witkowski
mesh_terms: D000662:Amphetamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015198:Designer Drugs / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000077489:Piperazine; D010879:Piperazines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D000662:Amphetamines; D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D015198:Designer Drugs; D010879:Piperazines; D000077489:Piperazine