title: Diversity of urinary symptoms in patients tentatively diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia referred to a urologic clinic in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) has become the preferred term used to classify the urinary symptoms of elderly men. This term places more emphasis on clinical appearance rather than being restricted to the functional pathophysiology. The objective of this study was to investigate this new concept in a group of patients who had been tentatively diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The range of urinary symptoms, incontinence, sexual function and impact on daily living were registered.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from a group of 480 men awaiting urologic assessment were collected by questionnaire shortly after referral from their general practitioner between 1997 and 2000. The questionnaires used were the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Symptom Problem Index, the International Continence Society-BPH, the Sandvik Incontinence Severity Index and the BPH-specific Interference with Activities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the subjects was 67.0 years. As assessed by the IPSS, 15%, 54% and 31% of the men had mild, moderate and severe symptoms, respectively. Men who gave positive answers to questions regarding the frequency, amount and type of leakage were considered to have urinary incontinence (UI), which was found in 37% of cases. The majority of men had mild or moderate UI. Influence on daily living varied with the severity of symptoms. However, no significant differences in influence on daily living were found between groups with different degrees of severity of incontinence as all groups reported a relatively high impact.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that UI is fairly common, very bothersome and socially embarrassing in male LUTS patients waiting for urologic evaluation. Although UI is not typically associated with BPH and is not regarded as a crucial component of LUTS, this study indicates that more emphasis should be placed on UI in the terminology of LUTS. UI may also act as an indicator of a need for healthcare.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Johannes.Haltbakk@isf.uib.no
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Haltbakk
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Hanestad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hunskaar
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009664:Norway; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014572:Urology