title: Endobiliary stents for palliation in patients with malignant obstructive jaundice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endobiliary drainage for malignant obstructive jaundice presents a viable palliative alternative. Its role and efficacy depend on factors related to the stent, procedure, and patient.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To review the evidence in the literature in which settings plastic or metal stents are cost-effective, and whether adjuvant measures or patient-related factors affect duration of stent patency.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using databases a literature search was performed for papers published from 1979 to April 2004. All retrieved papers reporting experimental or clinical observations were rated according to strength of evidence, and carefully analyzed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metal stents (Wallstent) stay patent longer than plastic stents (large-bore polyethylene with side-holes), overall median 250 and 110 days, respectively, and seem cost-effective in patients with longer than about 6 months survival, which cannot be accurately predicted. Antibiotics or choleretic agents do not prolong stent patency in clinical settings. In case of stent occlusion, indicated stent exchanges and insertion of a plastic stent, respectively, seem cost-effective in patients initially treated with plastic and metal stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Angelholms Sjukhus, Angelholm, Sweden. le.hammarstrom@lund.mail.telia.com
authors.forename: Lars-Erik
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hammarström
mesh_terms: D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012196:Review Literature as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D015607:Stents; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome