title: Impact of different definitions on the interpretation of coronary remodeling determined by intravascular ultrasound.
abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the categorizations and determinants related to remodeling by the three definitions commonly used. Several morphological and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) studies have demonstrated the fundamental importance of arterial remodeling in atherosclerosis. However, lack of consensus on how to define remodeling has led to conflicting analyses of factors that influence this process. Analysis of pre-interventional IVUS images of 514 lesions in native coronary arteries was performed. Arterial remodeling was defined as outward by definition 1, when [cross-sectional area (CSA) of the external elastic membrane (EEM) at the lesion site (EEM(lesion))]/[EEM CSA either at the proximal (EEM(prox ref)) or distal (EEM(distal ref)) reference site with the least amount of plaque] was > 1.05, intermediate when this ratio was between 0.95 and 1.05, and inward when < 0.95. Remodeling was defined as outward by definition 2 when EEM(lesion) > both EEM(prox ref) and EEM(distal ref), inward when EEM(lesion) < both EEM(prox ref) and EEM(distal ref), and intermediate when EEM(lesion) was intermediate between EEM(prox ref) and EEM(distal ref). By definition 3, vessel remodeling was defined as outward when EEM(lesion) > (EEM(prox ref) + EEM(distal ref))/2 and intermediate/inward when EEM(lesion) < or = (EEM(prox ref) + EEM(distal ref))/2. The frequency of outward remodeling was significantly higher by definitions 1 and 3 than by definition 2, whereas a higher frequency of inward remodeling was observed in definition 1, resulting in significantly different remodeling distributions between the three definitions (P < 0.0001). By multivariate logistic analysis, the only clinical determinants related to outward remodeling was younger age, and only by definition 3. IVUS determinants varied significantly between the three definitions. The only consistent determinants among the three definitions were smaller lumen CSA at the reference site and larger plaque + media CSA at the lesion site. This study demonstrates the significant impact of different remodeling definitions on the incidence and determinants of remodeling patterns. The marked variability in categorization of remodeling underscores the importance of developing a standard methodology.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jeremias
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.forename: Ali H M
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasterkamp
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Yock
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional