title: Analysis of herbicides in water using temperature-responsive chromatography and an aqueous mobile phase.
abstract: A simple and rapid method has been developed for herbicides in water using temperature-responsive liquid chromatography (LC) and a column packed with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm), a polymer anchored on the stationary-phase surface of modified silica. PNIPAAm reversibly changes its hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties in water in response to temperature. The method was used to determine five sulfonylurea and three urea herbicides. Separation was achieved with a 10 mM ammonium acetate (pH 3.0) isocratic aqueous mobile phase, and by changing the column temperature. The analytes were extracted from water by off-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) with an N-vinyl-pyrrolidone polymer cartridge. The average recoveries of the eight herbicides from spiked pure water, tap water and river water were 70-130% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <10%. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) of the eight herbicides were between 1 and 4 microg l(-1).
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Eri
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ayano
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanazawa
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D006540:Herbicides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C052970:poly-N-isopropylacrylamide