title: Cooperative partnerships or conflict-of-interest? A national survey of interaction between the pharmaceutical industry and medical organizations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is extensive and varied interaction between the pharmaceutical industry and the medical profession. Most empirical research concerns contact between individual physicians and industry, and reflects North American experience. We sought to clarify the extent and nature of relationships between the pharmaceutical industry and Australian medical organizations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered questionnaires to 63 medical organizations concerned with clinical practice, continuing medical education or professional accreditation, or the political representation of medical professionals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survey instruments were received from 29 organizations, giving a response rate of 46%. Seventeen of these organizations (59%) had received support from one or more pharmaceutical company in the past financial year. Support was predominantly for annual conferences, with some support for continuing medical education, research, travel and library purchases. The majority of organizations had an academic journal or newsletter, and 10 (34%) accepted revenue from pharmaceutical advertising. Twenty organizations (72%) had policies or guidelines covering their relationship with industry. Few organizations indicated that they would be unable to continue their activities without pharmaceutical industry support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate a high level of inter-action between the pharmaceutical industry and medical organizations in Australia. While most organizations have policies for guiding their relationship with industry, it is unclear whether these are effective in preventing conflicts of interest and maintaining public trust.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Values, Ethics and the Law in Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia. kerridge@med.usyd.edu.au
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kerridge
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maguire
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Newby
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McNeill
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stokes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D016265:Conflict of Interest; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000941:ethics* / Q000639:trends; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D006801:Humans; D012955:Societies, Medical; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires