title: The reproductive success and quality of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) in a heavy metal pollution gradient.
abstract: Studying the effects of pollution on the reproductive performance of birds in the natural environment is of increasing importance due to the need to monitor environmental quality biologically. In this study we investigated the reproductive success and the quality of blue tits in four study sites (at 0.1, 1, 2.5 and 4 km from a metallurgic smelter) located within a heavy metal pollution gradient during three consecutive years. At the two sites closest to the pollution source, a significantly higher proportion of females had egg laying interruptions, and the interruptions also lasted longer (although not significantly). Although the hatching success differed significantly among sites, these differences could not be related to differences in pollution levels. Other important breeding parameters such as the start of egg laying, the clutch size and the breeding success did not differ significantly among sites. Our results suggest that exposure to heavy metal pollution did not influence blue tit reproduction in an important way.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (Campus Drie Eiken), Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. tom.dauwe@ua.ac.be
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dauwe
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janssens
authors.forename: Rianne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pinxten
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000633:toxicity*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020308:Songbirds / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy