title: Apparent diffusion coefficient of human brain tumors at MR imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) can be used to differentiate brain tumors at magnetic resonance (MR) imaging.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional review board approval or informed patient consent was not required. MR images were reviewed retrospectively in 275 patients with brain tumors: 147 males and 128 females 1-81 years old, treated between September 1997 and July 2003. Regions of interest were placed manually in tumor regions on MR images, and ADC was calculated with a five-point regression method at b values of 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 sec/mm2. ADC values were average values in tumor. All brain tumor subgroups were analyzed. Logistic discriminant analysis was performed by using ADC, age, and patient sex as independent variables to discriminate among tumor groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant negative correlation existed between ADC and astrocytic tumors of World Health Organization grades 2-4 (grade 2 vs grades 3 and 4, accuracy of 91.3% [P < .01]; grade 3 vs 4, accuracy of 82.4% [P < .01]). ADC of dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNTs) was higher than that of astrocytic grade 2 tumors (accuracy, 100%) and other glioneuronal tumors. ADC of malignant lymphomas was lower than that of glioblastomas and metastatic tumors (accuracy, 83.6%; P < .01). ADC of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) was lower than that of ependymomas (accuracy, 100%). ADC of meningiomas was lower than that of schwannomas (accuracy, 92.4%; P < .01). ADC of craniopharyngiomas was higher than that of pituitary adenomas (accuracy, 85.2%; P < .05). ADC of epidermoid tumors was lower than that of chordomas (accuracy, 100%). In meningiomas, ADC was not indicative of malignancy grade or histologic subtype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ADC is useful for differentiation of some human brain tumors, particularly DNT, malignant lymphomas versus glioblastomas and metastatic tumors, and ependymomas versus PNETs.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima Univ, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiyuki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurisu
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arita
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Megu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtaki
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takaba
authors.forename: Atushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tominaga
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanaya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Kaita
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yahara
authors.forename: Taiichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Muhamad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Thohar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies