title: Nasal exposure to Staphylococcal enterotoxin enhances the development of allergic rhinitis in mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of allergic disease. However, little is known whether the nasal exposure to SE affects the development of allergic rhinitis (AR).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the in vivo effect of nasal exposure to SE on the development of AR using mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  BALB/c mice were intranasally sensitized with Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SmEA) in the presence or absence of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Control mice were intranasally sensitized with either SEB or SmEA alone. The production of antigen-specific antibodies including IgE, nasal eosinoplilia and cytokines by nasal mononuclear cells was compared among mice that had or had not received SEB treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nasal exposure to SEB enhanced the development of AR in SmEA-sensitized mice, as manifested by SmEA-specific IgE production, nasal eosinophilia, and IL-4 and IL-5 production by nasal mononuclear cells after Ag challenge. This treatment also elicited IFN-gamma production by SmEA-primed cells. In addition, these mice produced SEB-specific IgE whereas mice treated with SEB without SmEA sensitization did not produce SEB-specific IgE or demonstrate nasal eosinophilia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the nasal exposure to SEB enhances susceptibility to AR although the exposure to SE solely does not induce AR.
authors.affiliation: Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan. mokano@cc.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshino
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugata
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Satoskar
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Satoskar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishizaki
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000276:immunology*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000276:immunology; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009666:Nose; D012130:Respiratory Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000276:immunology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D004768:Enterotoxins; D015848:Interleukin-5; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007073:Immunoglobulin E; D007371:Interferon-gamma