title: Dioptric changes in eyes with reversed intraocular lenses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To theoretically calculate refractive changes in eyes with reversed intraocular lenses (IOLs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  With the ray-tracing method, the refractive changes in a theoretical eye model with a reversed IOL in the capsular bag were calculated. Data for 3 models, anterior biconvex (MA60AC, Alcon), posterior biconvex (MA60BM, Alcon), and convex plano (UV2565T, Menicon), were provided by the manufacturer and used in the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using the assumption that the axial length varied from 22 to 27 mm, the anterior-biconvex IOLs elicited small refractive changes when reversed. The posterior-biconvex IOLs elicited a significant myopic shift (up to 0.90 diopter [D]) when reversed. The convex-plano IOLs elicited a significant hyperopic shift (up to 2.01 D) when reversed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anterior-biconvex IOLs with similar anterior and posterior radii of curvature will not cause large diopter surprises when reversed. High-power posterior-convex IOLs will cause significant myopic diopter surprises when reversed. Both these changes shift toward myopic if the postoperative anterior chamber depth (ACD) becomes shallow. Medium- to high-power convex-plano IOLs will cause a large hyperopic shift when reversed. This hyperopic shift decreases if the postoperative ACD becomes shallower.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan. ynawa@naramed-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nawa
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuji
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Mamiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kanzaki
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008954:Models, Biological; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D019591:Pseudophakia / Q000503:physiopathology; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology