title: Amitriptyline reduces rectal pain related activation of the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of intestinal hypersensitivity and altered motility, exacerbated by stress. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during painful rectal distension in IBS has demonstrated greater activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), an area relevant to pain and emotions. Tricyclic antidepressants are effective for IBS. The aim of this study was to determine if low dose amitriptyline reduces ACC activation during painful rectal distension in IBS to confer clinical benefits. Secondary aims were to identify other brain regions altered by amitriptyline, and to determine if reductions in cerebral activation are greater during mental stress.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen women with painful IBS were randomised to amitriptyline 50 mg or placebo for one month and then crossed over to the alternate treatment after washout. Cerebral activation during rectal distension was compared between placebo and amitriptyline groups by fMRI. Distensions were performed alternately during auditory stress and relaxing music.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rectal pain induced significant activation of the perigenual ACC, right insula, and right prefrontal cortex. Amitriptyline was associated with reduced pain related cerebral activations in the perigenual ACC and the left posterior parietal cortex, but only during stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline reduces brain activation during pain in the perigenual (limbic) anterior cingulated cortex and parietal association cortex. These reductions are only seen during stress. Amitriptyline is likely to work in the central nervous system rather than peripherally to blunt pain and other symptoms exacerbated by stress in IBS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Radiological Scienes, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pickens
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gautam
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mertz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004106:Dilatation; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012007:Rectum / Q000503:physiopathology; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D000639:Amitriptyline