title: Crown rootless1, which is essential for crown root formation in rice, is a target of an AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR in auxin signaling.
abstract: Although the importance of auxin in root development is well known, the molecular mechanisms involved are still unknown. We characterized a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant defective in crown root formation, crown rootless1 (crl1). The crl1 mutant showed additional auxin-related abnormal phenotypic traits in the roots, such as decreased lateral root number, auxin insensitivity in lateral root formation, and impaired root gravitropism, whereas no abnormal phenotypic traits were observed in aboveground organs. Expression of Crl1, which encodes a member of the plant-specific ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES protein family, was localized in tissues where crown and lateral roots are initiated and overlapped with beta-glucuronidase staining controlled by the DR5 promoter. Exogenous auxin treatment induced Crl1 expression without de novo protein biosynthesis, and this induction required the degradation of AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID proteins. Crl1 contains two putative auxin response elements (AuxREs) in its promoter region. The proximal AuxRE specifically interacted with a rice AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) and acted as a cis-motif for Crl1 expression. We conclude that Crl1 encodes a positive regulator for crown and lateral root formation and that its expression is directly regulated by an ARF in the auxin signaling pathway.
authors.affiliation: Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueguchi-Tanaka
authors.forename: Yohko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gomi
authors.forename: Iichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashikari
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors