title: Inactivation of viruses in platelet concentrates by photochemical treatment with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Viral contamination of platelet (PLT) concentrates can result in transfusion-transmitted diseases. A photochemical treatment (PCT) process with amotosalen-HCl and long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA), which cross-links nucleic acids, was developed to inactivate viruses and other pathogens in PLT concentrates.
  
  
  METHODS
  High titers of pathogenic or blood-borne viruses, representing 10 different families, were added to single-donor PLT concentrates containing 3.0 x 10(11) to 6.0 x 10(11) PLTs in approximately 300 mL of 35 percent plasma and 65 percent PLT additive solution (InterSol). After PCT with 150 micromol per L amotosalen and 3 J per cm(2) UVA, residual viral infectivity was assayed by sensitive cell culture or animal systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enveloped viruses were uniformly sensitive to inactivation by PCT whereas nonenveloped viruses demonstrated variable inactivation. Log reduction of enveloped viruses for cell-free HIV-1 was >6.2; for cell-associated HIV-1, >6.1; for clinical isolate HIV-1, >3.4; for clinical isolate HIV-2, >2.5; for HBV, >5.5; for HCV, >4.5; for DHBV, >6.2; for BVDV, >6.0; for HTLV-I, 4.2; for HTLV-II, 4.6; for CMV, >5.9; for WNV, >5.5; for SARS-HCoV, >5.8; and for vaccinia virus, >4.7. Log reduction of nonenveloped viruses for human adenovirus 5 was >5.2; for parvovirus B19, 3.5->5.0; for bluetongue virus, 5.6-5.9; for feline conjunctivitis virus, 1.7-2.4; and for simian adenovirus 15, 0.7-2.3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PCT inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic, blood-borne viruses. Inactivation of viruses in PLT concentrates with amotosalen and UVA offers the potential to prospectively prevent the majority of PLT transfusion-associated viral diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cerus Corporation, Concord, California, USA. lily_lin@cerus.com
authors.forename: Lily
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Carl V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: Harvey J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Alter
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jauvin
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Krishna K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Peyton
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Metzel
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Corash
mesh_terms: D000094902:Blood Banking / Q000379:methods; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects
chemical_list: D011564:Furocoumarins; C118577:amotosalen