title: Initial use of a novel instrument to measure professionalism in surgical residents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No universally accepted method to measure professionalism exists. We developed an instrument to measure specific aspects of professionalism in surgical residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Professionalism was deconstructed into 15 domains. Behavioral descriptors were determined for extreme and selected intermediate anchors. It became evident that residents could "go too far" in some professional behaviors. Therefore, although a 7-point continuous ordinal scale forms the framework, a score of 7 does not necessarily indicate the ideal. This characteristic minimizes the problem of inflated ratings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instrument was utilized by attending faculty to evaluate residents and also by residents as a self-evaluation. Calculated from ordinal values, mean (SD) of the ratings across domains for faculty evaluations of residents was 4.95 (0.38) while mean for self-evaluations was 4.95 (0.39). Reliability was high (coefficient alpha 0.85).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This instrument provides a means to measure professional behaviors during surgical residency. Repeated use will be required to thoroughly establish validity and reliability.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine Surgery, 1500 E. Medical Center Dr., Taubman Center TC2920H, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0331, USA. pgauger@umich.edu
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Gauger
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Gruppen
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Minter
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Colletti
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Stern
mesh_terms: D000068:Accreditation / Q000592:standards*; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D010380:Peer Review / Q000592:standards*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014481:United States