title: PCR-fingerprinting and RAPD approaches for tracing the source of yeast contamination in a carbonated orange juice production chain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the sort and the origin of the contamination of a packed fruit juice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-eight yeast isolates were collected in a survey of two different visits to a carbonated orange juice factory. In each visit, samples were collected, six times, from seven points in the production chain. For each visit, no significant differences were observed among the yeast average values obtained in the control points considered. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with primer P24 and the PCR-fingerprinting with the microsatellites primers (GTG)5 and (GAC)5 were used, in order to discriminate the isolates, rendering 29 composite profiles; the most frequent one (24/58) was profile c, which included the yeast isolates from the final product and strains isolated before and after the pasteurization of the juice. These contaminant strains were identified as Pichia galeiformis by sequence analysis of D1/D2 26S rRNA gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results obtained point to an inefficient pasteurization of the juice related to the fouling of the heat-transfer surfaces of the plate-type exchanger.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of PCR-fingerprinting and RAPD assays showed to be very useful in tracking the route of contamination in a carbonated juice production chain.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Microbiologia, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, CBAA, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa, Portugal.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pina
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Teixeiró
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Belloch
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brito
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages; D032084:Citrus sinensis; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis*; D005506:Food Contamination; D018857:Food Packaging; D010843:Pichia / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique
chemical_list: D004271:DNA, Fungal