title: Disparities in the coverage of cancer information in ethnic minority and mainstream mass print media.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Significant disparities in cancer mortality exist as a function of ethnicity and race in North America. Little is known, however, about the presentation of cancer information in mass media that targets ethnic minority groups.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  1) To evaluate the volume and type of cancer coverage and the readability of cancer articles in Canadian mainstream and ethnic minority newspapers; and 2) to compare newspaper coverage of cancer with Canadian cancer mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven mainstream and 25 ethnic minority (Jewish, First Nations, Black/Caribbean, East Indian) English-language newspapers were assessed for cancer coverage in the year 2000. Articles were analyzed by using frequencies and nonparametric tests. The total number of cancer articles (N=171) in ethnic minority papers and a random 20% from mainstream papers were also evaluated for readability level by using SMOG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were a total of 748 cancer articles (721 mainstream; 27 ethnic). Coverage was weighted towards breast cancer (20.1% mainstream, 33.3% ethnic of cancer articles) and contained little or no coverage of prostate (7.4% mainstream, 8.6% ethnic), colorectal (3.9% mainstream, 3.7% ethnic), or lung (3.9% mainstream, 0 ethnic) cancers. The mean SMOG readability scores were Grades 12.7 and 13.2 for mainstream and ethnic papers, respectively. Readability scores differed significantly in ethnic newspapers, with the most difficult (highest readability) levels in East Indian (Grade 16.3) and the easiest (lowest readability) levels in First Nations (Grade 11.3) papers. Cancer articles were not highly culturally tailored, as measured by identification of specific ethnic minority groups within ethnic and mainstream newspapers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cancer coverage in ethnic and mainstream newspapers did not accurately reflect the leading causes of cancer death in Canada. Results also suggest the need for the collection of cancer data by ethnic minority group in Canada. Without the disaggregation of cancer statistics by ethnicity, we cannot inform high-risk subgroups of the population and appropriately tailor cancer prevention and treatment programs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. lhgoetz@healthy.uwaterloo.ca
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoffman-Goetz
authors.forename: Daniela B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D044466:Asian People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015706:Bibliometrics; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D017691:Caribbean Region / Q000208:ethnology; D032882:Comprehension; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007214:Indonesia / Q000208:ethnology; D007585:Jews / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008402:Mass Media / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality*; D009524:Newspapers as Topic / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011932:Reading