Acetylcholine from vagal stimulation protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia and hypoxia involving additive non-hypoxic induction of HIF-1alpha.
Electrical stimulation of the vagal efferent nerve improves the survival of myocardial infarcted rats. However, the mechanism for this beneficial effect is unclear. We investigated the effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha using rat cardiomyocytes under normoxia and hypoxia. ACh posttranslationally regulated HIF-1alpha and increased its protein level under normoxia. ACh increased Akt phosphorylation, and wortmannin or atropine blocked this effect. Hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial membrane potential collapse were prevented by ACh. Dominant-negative HIF-1alpha inhibited the cell protective effect of ACh. In acute myocardial ischemia, vagal nerve stimulation increased HIF-1alpha expression and reduced the infarct size. These results suggest that ACh and vagal stimulation protect cardiomyocytes through the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha pathway.
Kakinuma
Yoshihiko
Y
Department of Cardiovascular Control, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan. kakinuma@med.kochi-u.ac.jp
Ando
Motonori
M
Kuwabara
Masanori
M
Katare
Rajesh G
RG
Okudela
Koji
K
Kobayashi
Masanobu
M
Sato
Takayuki
T
D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000109:Acetylcholine