title: An epidermal barrier wound repair pathway in Drosophila is mediated by grainy head.
abstract: We used wounded Drosophila embryos to define an evolutionarily conserved pathway for repairing the epidermal surface barrier. This pathway includes a wound response enhancer from the Ddc gene that requires grainy head (grh) function and binding sites for the Grh transcription factor. At the signaling level, tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities are induced in epidermal cells near wounds, and activated ERK is required for a robust wound response. The conservation of this Grh-dependent pathway suggests that the repair of insect cuticle and mammal skin is controlled by an ancient, shared control system for constructing and healing the animal body surface barrier.
authors.affiliation: Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Mace
authors.forename: Joseph C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McGinnis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004296:Dopa Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004817:Epidermis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D017344:Genes, Insect; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C402387:Spen protein, Drosophila; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C062330:grh protein, Drosophila; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D004296:Dopa Decarboxylase