title: Attention-deficit and hyperactive neurobehavioural characteristics induced by perinatal hypothyroidism in rats.
abstract: Thyroid hormone is essential for the proper development of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, we examined behavioural alterations caused by transient perinatal hypothyroidism induced by an anti-thyroid drug, propylthiouracil (PTU). This drug produces perinatal disruption of the thyroid system and subsequent behavioural changes, which we investigated using a series of behavioural tests and focusing particularly on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-like behaviours. In the open field test, both male and female rats that had experienced perinatal hypothyroidism (HT rats) showed an increased percent of locomotion behaviour and reduced grooming behaviour, suggesting that HT rats may be hyperactive and show fewer anxiety characteristics. Neither male nor female HT rats showed retention in the passive avoidance test. Male HT rats showed a significantly lower rate of correct avoidance responses than control rats in earlier sessions in the active avoidance test. In addition, we observed significant increases in the number of times that rats crossed the partition during inter-trial intervals and the percent of failure of avoidance during 5 s electrical stimuli in HT rats, suggesting that HT rats are restless, have a shortened attention span and panic easily. In measuring spontaneous motor activity during a period of darkness, male HT rats appeared to plunge into active phase with short, quick steps, while male control rats showed only long active phases during a stress-free period of darkness. These abnormal behavioural characteristics in HT rats might coincide with those found in some cases of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan. taka-u@yayoi-club.ne.jp
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Katsuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyuwa
authors.forename: Yoichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011441:Propylthiouracil; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D011441:Propylthiouracil