Inactivation of viruses in platelet concentrates by photochemical treatment with amotosalen and long-wavelength ultraviolet light.
BACKGROUND
Viral contamination of platelet (PLT) concentrates can result in transfusion-transmitted diseases. A photochemical treatment (PCT) process with amotosalen-HCl and long-wavelength ultraviolet light (UVA), which cross-links nucleic acids, was developed to inactivate viruses and other pathogens in PLT concentrates.


METHODS
High titers of pathogenic or blood-borne viruses, representing 10 different families, were added to single-donor PLT concentrates containing 3.0 x 10(11) to 6.0 x 10(11) PLTs in approximately 300 mL of 35 percent plasma and 65 percent PLT additive solution (InterSol). After PCT with 150 micromol per L amotosalen and 3 J per cm(2) UVA, residual viral infectivity was assayed by sensitive cell culture or animal systems.


RESULTS
Enveloped viruses were uniformly sensitive to inactivation by PCT whereas nonenveloped viruses demonstrated variable inactivation. Log reduction of enveloped viruses for cell-free HIV-1 was >6.2; for cell-associated HIV-1, >6.1; for clinical isolate HIV-1, >3.4; for clinical isolate HIV-2, >2.5; for HBV, >5.5; for HCV, >4.5; for DHBV, >6.2; for BVDV, >6.0; for HTLV-I, 4.2; for HTLV-II, 4.6; for CMV, >5.9; for WNV, >5.5; for SARS-HCoV, >5.8; and for vaccinia virus, >4.7. Log reduction of nonenveloped viruses for human adenovirus 5 was >5.2; for parvovirus B19, 3.5->5.0; for bluetongue virus, 5.6-5.9; for feline conjunctivitis virus, 1.7-2.4; and for simian adenovirus 15, 0.7-2.3.


CONCLUSIONS
PCT inactivates a broad spectrum of pathogenic, blood-borne viruses. Inactivation of viruses in PLT concentrates with amotosalen and UVA offers the potential to prospectively prevent the majority of PLT transfusion-associated viral diseases.
Lin
Lily
L
Cerus Corporation, Concord, California, USA. lily_lin@cerus.com
Hanson
Carl V
CV
Alter
Harvey J
HJ
Jauvin
Valérie
V
Bernard
Kristen A
KA
Murthy
Krishna K
KK
Metzel
Peyton
P
Corash
Laurence
L
D000094902:Blood Banking / Q000379:methods; D011564:Furocoumarins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017713:Platelet Transfusion; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D014780:Viruses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000528:radiation effects
D011564:Furocoumarins; C118577:amotosalen