title: Cutaneous antibodies from channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), immune to Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Ich) may induce apoptosis of Ich theronts.
abstract: This study explored the existence of apoptosis (programmed cell death) in Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet (Ich) theronts and determined the effect of cutaneous antibodies in skin culture fluid from fish immune to Ich on theront apoptosis. Apoptosis was detected in theronts and was clearly distinguished by fluorescent microscopy after staining with acridine orange and propidium iodide. The apoptotic theronts showed characteristic chromatin condensation and nuclear fragments containing chromatin pieces. The externalization of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane of apoptotic theronts was detected with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin using flow cytometry. Theront apoptosis was induced using the skin culture fluid from fish immune to Ich, which contained cutaneous antibodies against Ich. The highest apoptosis appeared in theronts exposed to immune skin culture fluid at a 1:10 dilution, compared with those at 1:20 and 1:40 dilutions. A direct correlation was noted between the percentage of apoptotic theronts and exposure duration to immune skin culture fluid. The study indicated that antibody reaction with theronts (immobilization) played an important role in theront apoptosis, but it could not be excluded that other components released from the excised skin had effects on theronts.
authors.affiliation: Aquatic Animal Health Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Auburn, AL 36831, USA. dxu@msa-stoneville.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: D-H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Klesius
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016770:Ciliophora Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016803:Hymenostomatida / Q000187:drug effects*; D007059:Ictaluridae; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000378:metabolism; D011419:Propidium; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D017302:Annexins; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D002843:Chromatin; D010718:Phosphatidylserines; D011419:Propidium; D000165:Acridine Orange