title: Influence of pre-exercise glucose ingestion of two concentrations on paraplegic athletes.
abstract: In this study, we assessed the influence that pre-exercise glucose ingestion of two concentrations has on the physiological responses of paraplegic athletes. Eight men with paraplegia ingested a drink containing 4% (low) or 11% (high) carbohydrate in a randomized double-blind crossover design, 20 min before exercise. The participants performed wheelchair exercise at 65% of peak oxygen uptake for 1 h followed by a 20 min performance test. During both trials, the physiological responses were similar and indicated steady-state exercise. At the onset of exercise, blood glucose concentrations in both trials increased after carbohydrate ingestion (P < 0.05) before returning to resting values after 20 min of exercise and there were no differences between trials. Free fatty acid concentrations increased from rest to 1 h of exercise in both trials, with a greater increase during the low carbohydrate trial that led to a difference in free fatty acids between trials at the end of the 1 h tests (P < 0.05). There was a tendency for the performance distances and power outputs achieved during the high carbohydrate trial to be greater than those achieved during the low carbohydrate trial (P= 0.08). In conclusion, when paraplegic athletes ingested low and high carbohydrate drinks before exercise, the decline in blood glucose concentrations was similar. The tendency for higher blood glucose concentrations, respiratory exchange ratios and power outputs and lower free fatty acid concentrations (P < 0.05) during the high carbohydrate trial suggests that a higher concentration of carbohydrate in a sports drink might be a better choice for paraplegic athletes.
authors.affiliation: Human Physiology Research Group, School of Health, Department of Sport, Health and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent ST4 2DF, UK. o.spendiff@staffs.ac.uk
authors.forename: Owen
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Spendiff
authors.forename: Ian G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007773:Lactates; D005947:Glucose