title: Synthesis of heteroarenes using cascade radical cyclisation via iminyl radicals.
abstract: Cascade radical cyclisation involving homolytic aromatic substitution has been used to synthesise new tetracycles. Treatment of vinyl iodide radical precursors with Me(3)Sn. radicals (from hexamethylditin) yielded intermediate vinyl radicals which undergo 5-exo cyclisation onto suitably placed nitrile groups to yield intermediate iminyl radicals. The iminyl radicals undergo aromatic homolytic substitution via 6-endo cyclisation (or 5-exo cyclisation followed by neophyl rearrangement) with loss of hydrogen (H.) in a H-abstraction step. We propose that this abstraction was facilitated by tert-butoxyl (t-BuO.) radicals from di-tert-butyl peroxide or methyl radicals, generated from breakdown of trimethylstannyl radicals (Me(3)Sn.). The biologically active alkaloids mappicine and luotonin A were synthesised using the new methodology. A novel radical conversion of nitriles to primary amides is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK. w.r.bowman@lboro.ac.uk
authors.forename: W Russell
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Bowman
authors.forename: Martin O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Cloonan
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D003500:Cyclization; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000737:chemistry; D007094:Imides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007212:Indolizines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011804:Quinolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry; D011809:Quinones / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D005609:Free Radicals; D007094:Imides; D007212:Indolizines; D011758:Pyrroles; D011804:Quinolines; D011809:Quinones; C480761:luotonin A; C008325:mappicine; C414097:nothapodytine B