title: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors reduce I kappa B kinase activity induced by oxidative stress in monocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), may act as second messengers of intracellular signaling and play a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappa B) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor that is involved in this process. The aim of the present study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of statins on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and monocytic cells (THP-1) under oxidative stress. In THP-1 and cultured VSMC, O2- caused an increase in NF-kappa B activation (P < 0.05) that was correlated with inhibitory I kappa B-alpha degradation. Atorvastatin or simvastatin decreased NF-kappa B activation induced by oxidative stress by around 50% in both cell types and was correlated with the I kappa B-alpha levels. In monocytes, O2- increased I kappa B kinase (IKK)-1 and IKK-2 activity (P < 0.05) and p38 and p42/44 activation and phosphorylation, which was reduced by statins. PD 98059 (p42/44 inhibitor) and SB20358 (p38 inhibitor) decreased NF-kappa B binding activity and prevented I kappa B-alpha degradation. However, we only observed a reduction in IKK-1 and IKK-2 activity with PD98059. Statins diminish NF-kappa B activation elicited by oxidative stress through the inhibition of IKK-1/-2, p38, and p42/44 activation. These data may help to further understand the molecular mechanisms of statins in cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Research Unit, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ortego
authors.forename: Almundena
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez-Hernández
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Galán
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blanco-Colio
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martín-Ventura
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tuñón
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Gonzalo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011233:Precipitin Tests; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase