title: Gene expression profiling reveals molecularly and clinically distinct subtypes of glioblastoma multiforme.
abstract: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common form of malignant glioma, characterized by genetic instability, intratumoral histopathological variability, and unpredictable clinical behavior. We investigated global gene expression in surgical samples of brain tumors. Gene expression profiling revealed large differences between normal brain samples and tumor tissues and between GBMs and lower-grade oligodendroglial tumors. Extensive differences in gene expression were found among GBMs, particularly in genes involved in angiogenesis, immune cell infiltration, and extracellular matrix remodeling. We found that the gene expression patterns in paired specimens from the same GBM invariably were more closely related to each other than to any other tumor, even when the paired specimens had strikingly divergent histologies. Survival analyses revealed a set of approximately 70 genes more highly expressed in rapidly progressing tumors that stratified GBMs into two groups that differed by >4-fold in median duration of survival. We further investigated one gene from the group, FABP7, and confirmed its association with survival in two unrelated cohorts totaling 105 patients. Expression of FABP7 enhanced the motility of glioma-derived cells in vitro. Our analyses thus identify and validate a prognostic marker of both biologic and clinical significance and provide a series of putative markers for additional evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Preuss Laboratory for Molecular Neuro-oncology and Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Maximilian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diehn
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Andrew W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bollen
authors.forename: Ken D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Aldape
authors.forename: M Kelly
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nicholas
authors.forename: Kathleen R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lamborn
authors.forename: Mitchel S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Botstein
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Israel
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019295:Computational Biology; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C107608:FABP7 protein, human; D000071438:Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins