title: HIV infection among low-risk first lifetime testers in Rome, 1990-2000.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV spread among low-risk populations through heterosexual intercourse is a major public health concern. This study was aimed at describing prevalence and determinants of HIV infection among Italian low-risk subjects seeking their first lifetime HIV test.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information collected between January 1990 and December 2000 at a major counseling and testing site in Rome, Italy, was analyzed. Multiple logistic regression odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 14,313 study subjects, 64 (0.4%) were seropositive for HIV infection. HIV seropositivity increased with age (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.1-7.6 for >/= 40 years vs 18-24), and it seemed to be more common among men (OR = 1.6, lower 95% CI:0.9). There was no evidence of temporal variations, whereas motivations for HIV testing were strongly associated with HIV prevalence. Testing for alarming symptoms (OR = 13.8) or for heterosexual intercourse (OR = 11.0) were associated with a more than 10-fold increased HIV risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings are consistent with data from other industrialized countries and they show a strong association between HIV seropositivity and reason for first-time testing. Moreover, they indicate a stable trend of HIV prevalence among low-risk persons in the last decade. Further studies on time trends in low-risk populations would be useful to evaluate current HIV prevention programs.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Epidemiology, INMI L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Galati
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Serraino
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Puro
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orchi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Carli
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scognamiglio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nicastri
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piselli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nurra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Angeletti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ippolito
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012384:Rome / Q000453:epidemiology