title: Prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms during pregnancy in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Women often complain of symptoms related to urination during their pregnancy, but data are limited on the clinical profile and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) of pregnant women in Taiwan. This study assessed the prevalence and predisposing factors of LUTS in Taiwanese women during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was designed to collect data on the prevalence of LUTS during pregnancy. Women attending the antenatal clinic of a medical center in central Taiwan were recruited and asked to complete a LUTS questionnaire including 12 questions on symptoms related to urination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  799 normal pregnant women were included in this study. The most common LUTS were nocturia (60.2%) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI; 46.1%), followed by urgency (34.1%), frequency (27.8%), incomplete emptying (26.2%), a bearing-down sensation (23.8%), and voiding difficulty (12.6%). The prevalence of nocturia, SUI, urgency, and frequency generally increased as gestational age advanced. There was a significantly higher prevalence of SUI in multiparous women than in nulliparous women; however, the prevalence of urgency, frequency, incomplete emptying, bearing-down sensation, and straining was significantly higher in nulliparous women than in multiparous women. High parity, high body weight before pregnancy and advanced gestational age were the predisposing factors of SUI during pregnancy. Only 6.5% of the pregnant women studied complained that SUI caused a social or hygienic problem based on the International Continence Society (ICS) criteria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a profile of LUTS in Taiwanese women during pregnancy. Nocturia was the most common lower urinary tract symptom. Nocturia, SUI, urgency, and frequency increased as gestational age advanced. Parity was a predisposing factor for LUTS during pregnancy, with multiparous women experiencing significantly more SUI while nulliparous women had higher prevalence of other LUTS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urogyneocology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Mou-Jong
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Gin-Den
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Su-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kuo-Cherng
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shu-Yueh
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*