title: [Systemic fibrinolytic therapy using urokinase in central retinal artery occlusion. A case study].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Systemic fibrinolysis has become an important therapeutical option in patients with thrombotic occlusion of coronary or pulmonary arteries. In view of the hemorrhagic risk systemic fibrinolytic therapy for retinal vessel occlusion has been discussed controversial. In the present case study results and complications of systemic fibrinolysis should be investigated in patients with central retinal artery occlusion.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1995 to 2002 a case series of 19 consecutive patients (8 female, 11 male, age: 63.2+/-14,3 years) with central retinal artery occlusion were treated by systemic application of urokinase using a standardized scheme. The latency from initial symptoms until the initiation of therapy and the medical history of the patients were documented. Visual acuity was determined on admission and before discharge and possible complications were documented. Additionally, screening investigations for genetic thrombophilia were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  15 patients showed an improvement of the visual acuity (79 %, 95 %-KI: 54 %-94 %). For 3 patients no improvement and for one patient a decrease of the visual acuity was determined. Hemorrhagic complications were observed in two patients (11 %, 95 %-KI: 1 %-33 %). As these minor bleedings were self-limiting the fibrinolytic therapy was discontinued only in one patient. As risk factors most commonly arterial hypertension (68 %) and smoking (26 %) were identified. In 4 patients a genetic thrombophilia was diagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Considering the poor prognosis of central retinal artery occlusion and the disappointing results of conservative treatment, an improvement of the visual acuity in the absence of critical complications was observed with systemic fibrinolytic therapy in the presented case study. However, only controlled trials can provide proof for the effect of fibrinolysis versus spontaneous improvement.
authors.affiliation: II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 155131, Mainz. marcm@giftinfo.uni-mainz.de
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: von Mach
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Güz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiechelt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pfeiffer
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Weilemann
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D015356:Retinal Artery Occlusion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019851:Thrombophilia / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator