title: Influence of diesel engine combustion parameters on primary soot particle diameter.
abstract: Effects of engine operating parameters and fuel composition on both primary soot particle diameter and particle number size distribution in the exhaust of a direct-injected heavy-duty diesel engine were studied in detail. An electrostatic sampler was developed to deposit particles directly on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grids. Using TEM, the projected area equivalent diameter of primary soot particles was determined. A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) was used for the measurement of the particle number size distribution. Variations in the main engine operating parameters (fuel injection system, air management, and fuel properties) were made to investigate soot formation and oxidation processes. Primary soot particle diameters determined by TEM measurements ranged from 17.5 to 32.5 nm for the diesel fuel and from 24.1 to 27.2 nm for the water-diesel emulsion fuel depending on the engine settings. For constant fuel energy flow rate, the primary particle size from the water-diesel emulsion fuel was slightly larger than that from the diesel fuel. A reduction in primary soot particle diameter was registered when increasing the fuel injection pressure (IP) or advancing the start of injection (SOI). Larger primary soot particle diameters were measured while the engine was operating with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Heat release rate analysis of the combustion process revealed that the primary soot particle diameter decreased when the maximum flame temperature increased for the diesel fuel.
authors.affiliation: EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Uberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Urs
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mathis
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohr
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaegi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertola
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boulouchos
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D004867:Equipment Design; D006358:Hot Temperature; D017745:Incineration; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D010316:Particle Size; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001335:Vehicle Emissions; D002244:Carbon