title: [Rigor mortis -- a definite sign of death?].
abstract: In the past years an ongoing controversial debate exists in Germany, regarding quality of the coroner's inquest and declaration of death by physicians. We report the case of a 90-year old female, who was found after an unknown time following a suicide attempt with benzodiazepine. The examination of the patient showed livores (mortis?) on the left forearm and left lower leg. Moreover, rigor (mortis?) of the left arm was apparent which prevented arm flexion and extension. The hypothermic patient with insufficient respiration was intubated and mechanically ventilated. Chest compressions were not performed, because central pulses were (hardly) palpable and a sinus bradycardia 45/min (AV-block 2 degrees and sole premature ventricular complexes) was present. After placement of an intravenous line (17 G, external jugular vein) the hemodynamic situation was stabilized with intermittent boli of epinephrine and with sodium bicarbonate. With improved circulation livores and rigor disappeared. In the present case a minimal central circulation was noted, which could be stabilized, despite the presence of certain signs of death ( livores and rigor mortis). Considering the finding of an abrogated peripheral perfusion (livores), we postulate a centripetal collapse of glycogen and ATP supply in the patients left arm (rigor), which was restored after resuscitation and reperfusion. Thus, it appears that livores and rigor are not sensitive enough to exclude a vita minima, in particular in hypothermic patients with intoxications. Consequently a careful ABC-check should be performed even in the presence of apparently certain signs of death, to avoid underdiagnosing a vita minima. Additional ECG- monitoring is required to reduce the rate of false positive declarations of death. To what extent basic life support by paramedics should commence when rigor and livores are present until physician DNR order, deserves further discussion.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivtherapie, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden. axel.heller@mailbox.tu-dresden.de
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Heller
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dressler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000506:poisoning; D003334:Coroners and Medical Examiners; D003643:Death; D004569:Electroencephalography; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D012298:Rigor Mortis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted
chemical_list: D001569:Benzodiazepines