title: A randomized controlled trial of duloxetine alone, pelvic floor muscle training alone, combined treatment and no active treatment in women with stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We primarily compared the effectiveness of combined pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and duloxetine with imitation PFMT and placebo for 12 weeks in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). In addition, we compared the effectiveness of combined treatment with single treatments, single treatments with each other and single treatments with no treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This blinded, doubly controlled, randomized trial enrolled 201 women 18 to 75 years old with SUI at 17 incontinence centers in the Netherlands, United Kingdom and United States. Women averaged 2 or more incontinence episodes daily and were randomized to 1 of 4 combinations of 80 mg duloxetine daily, placebo, PFMT and imitation PFMT, including combined treatment (in 52), no active treatment (in 47), PFMT only (in 50) and duloxetine only (in 52). The primary efficacy measure was incontinence episode frequency. Other efficacy variables included the number of continence pads used and the Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intent to treat population incontinence episode frequency analysis demonstrated the superiority of duloxetine with or without PFMT compared with no treatment or with PFMT alone. However, pad and Incontinence Quality of Life analyses suggested greater improvement with combined treatment than single treatment. A completer population analysis demonstrated the efficacy of duloxetine with or without PFMT and suggested combined treatment was more effective than either treatment alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data support significant efficacy of combined PFMT and duloxetine in the treatment of women with SUI. We hypothesize that complementary modes of action of duloxetine and PFMT may result in an additive effect of combined treatment.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Gamal M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ghoniem
authors.forename: Jules Schagen
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Elser
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Yan D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Ilker
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yalcin
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Bump
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D013876:Thiophenes; D000068736:Duloxetine Hydrochloride