title: Nuclear receptors Sf1 and Dax1 function cooperatively to mediate somatic cell differentiation during testis development.
abstract: Mutations of orphan nuclear receptors SF1 and DAX1 each cause adrenal insufficiency and gonadal dysgenesis in humans, although the pathological features are distinct. Because Dax1 antagonizes Sf1-mediated transcription in vitro, we hypothesized that Dax1 deficiency would compensate for allelic loss of Sf1. In studies of the developing testis, expression of the fetal Leydig cell markers Cyp17 and Cyp11a1 was reduced in heterozygous Sf1-deficient mice at E13.5, consistent with dose-dependent effects of Sf1. In Sf1/Dax1 (Sf1 heterozygous and Dax1-deleted) double mutant gonads, the expression of these genes was unexpectedly reduced further, indicating that loss of Dax1 did not compensate for reduced Sf1 activity. The Sertoli cell product Dhh was reduced in Sf1 heterozygotes at E11.5, and it was undetectable in Sf1/Dax1 double mutants, indicating that Sf1 and Dax1 function cooperatively to induce Dhh expression. Similarly, Amh expression was reduced in both Sf1 and Dax1 single mutants at E11.5, and it was not rescued by the Sf1/Dax1 double mutant. By contrast, Sox9 was expressed in single and in double mutants, suggesting that various Sertoli cell genes are differentially sensitive to Sf1 and Dax1 function. Reduced expression of Dhh and Amh was transient, and was largely restored by E12.5. Similarly, there was recovery of fetal Leydig cell markers by E14.5, indicating that loss of Sf1/Dax1 delays but does not preclude fetal Leydig cell development. Thus, although Sf1 and Dax1 function as transcriptional antagonists for many target genes in vitro, they act independently or cooperatively in vivo during male gonadal development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Susan Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Joshua J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Meeks
authors.forename: Gerald
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raverot
authors.forename: Liza E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Pfaff
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: J Larry
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jameson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme / Q000378:metabolism; D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology*; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000196:embryology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D057137:DAX-1 Orphan Nuclear Receptor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; C539965:NR0B1 protein, human; C539966:Nr0b1 protein, mouse; D000072260:RNA Splicing Factors; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; C491514:Sf1 protein, mouse; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013254:Steroid 17-alpha-Hydroxylase; D002786:Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme