title: Influence of food-simulating solutions and surface finish on susceptibility to staining of aesthetic restorative materials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the degree of surface staining of resin-based composites (RBCs) and glass-ionomer cements (GICs) after immersion in various stains and food-simulating solutions (FSS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six tooth-coloured restorative materials were used: a light-cured microfilled RBC (Durafil, Kulzer), a light-cured microglass RBC (Charisma, Kulzer), a polyacid-modified RBC (F2000, 3M/ESPE), a conventional GIC (Fuji IX, GC) and two resin-modified GICs (Fuji II LC, GC; Photac Fil, 3M/ESPE). Disk-shaped specimens were prepared and tested with either a matrix finish or polished using wet silicon carbide papers up to 2000 grit. All specimens were immersed in 37 degrees C distilled water for 1 week, followed by three different FSS (water, 10% ethanol, Crodamol GTCC) and five stains (red wine, coffee, tea, soy sauce and cola) for a further 2 weeks. Three specimens of each material for each stain were tested. Colour coefficients (CIE L* a* b*) were measured by a spectrophotometer after each treatment. The change in colour (DeltaEn) was calculated using the formula: DeltaEn=[(DeltaLn+(Deltaa(n))2+(Deltab(n))2]1/2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Distilled water caused no perceptible colour change as tested by ANOVA and Tukey's tests. The effect of surface finish on staining was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no strong interaction between FSS and stains or between FSS and materials. There was a strong interaction between surface and material, and stain and material (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All materials were susceptible to staining by all stains especially coffee, red wine and tea; Fuji IX showed the least susceptibility and F2000 the greatest.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Science, University of Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bagheri
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Burrow
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tyas
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003069:Coffee; D030221:Cola; D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent; D000431:Ethanol; D005502:Food; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012996:Solutions; D045730:Soy Foods; D013499:Surface Properties; D013662:Tea; D014280:Triglycerides; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: C084111:Charisma composite resin; D003069:Coffee; D020770:Compomers; D003188:Composite Resins; C118368:F2000 cement; C079765:Fuji II LC cement; C439808:Fuji IX GP Fast; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C081144:Photac-Fil; D012117:Resins, Synthetic; D012996:Solutions; D013662:Tea; D014280:Triglycerides; C502263:crodamol GTCC; D000431:Ethanol; C039734:Durafill