title: Re-emergence of early pandemic Staphylococcus aureus as a community-acquired meticillin-resistant clone.
abstract: During the 1950s, the notorious penicillin-resistant clone of Staphylococcus aureus known as phage type 80/81 emerged and caused serious hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections worldwide. This clone was largely eliminated in the 1960s, concurrent with the widespread use of penicillinase-resistant beta lactams. We investigated whether early 80/81 isolates had the genes for Panton-Valentine leucocidin, a toxin associated with virulence in healthy young people. Multilocus sequence analysis suggested that descendants of 80/81 have acquired meticillin resistance, are re-emerging as a community-acquired meticillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) clone, and represent a sister lineage to pandemic hospital-acquired MRSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
authors.forename: D Ashley
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Hajo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grundmann
authors.forename: Giles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Frances G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: Fred C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Tenover
authors.forename: Linda K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: McDougal
authors.forename: Alastair B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Monk
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Enright
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001434:Bacteriophage Typing; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005098:Exotoxins; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007956:Leukocidins / Q000235:genetics; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D013204:Staphylococcus Phages / Q000145:classification; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D005098:Exotoxins; D007956:Leukocidins; C078284:Panton-Valentine leukocidin