title: Low-cost, scalable laser scanning module for real-time reflectance and fluorescence confocal microscopy.
abstract: We present a low-cost, high-speed, retrofitted laser scanning module for microscopy. The cage-mounted system, with various available fiber-coupled sources, offers a real-time imaging alternative to costly commercial systems with capabilities for conventional or confocal reflectance and fluorescence applications as well as advanced laser scanning microscopy implementations. Reflectance images of a resolution target and confocal images of fluorescent polystyrene beads are presented for system characterization. Confocal fluorescence image stacks of T84 epithelial cancer cells are presented to demonstrate application to biological studies. This laser scanning module is a flexible, scalable, high-speed alternative to commercial laser scanning systems suitable for applications requiring a simple imaging tool and for teaching laboratories.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA. drc@duke.edu
authors.forename: Derrick R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Bradley A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wax
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D003199:Computer Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000191:economics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014481:United States