title: Female schizophrenia patients have prepulse inhibition deficits.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle shows sexual dimorphism: women have lower levels of PPI than do men, and have menstrual cycle shifts in PPI. Many studies report PPI deficits in male schizophrenia patients; one recent report identified PPI deficits in male but not female patients. This study was designed to determine whether female schizophrenia patients have lower levels of PPI than normal females.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five female schizophrenia patients, and 26 normal females were tested in a startle paradigm using 115 dB startle pulses and prepulses of 8 and 16 dB above a 70 dB background, with 30 and 120 msec prepulse intervals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female patients had significantly less PPI compared with normal females, particularly when 16 dB prepulses were utilized. Patients also exhibited a nonsignificant trend towards lower levels of habituation compared to normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the present paradigmatic and subject acquisition conditions, female schizophrenia patients had PPI deficits compared to normal females.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804, USA. dbraff@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Braff
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Light
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ellwanger
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sprock
authors.forename: Neal R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Swerdlow
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013997:Time Factors