title: Efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIIa for treatment of severe bleeding: a systematic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recombinant activated factor VII (factor VIIa) is a prohemostatic agent that can be used for patients with complicated coagulation disorders. Recombinant factor VIIa is, however, increasingly used for several other indications, including patients with a preexistent normal coagulation system but who experience serious bleeding, for example, after major surgery or trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a systematic review of all published and unpublished clinical studies using MEDLINE (1966-2004) and all other sources available to assess the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIIa in patients with or without coagulation disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  We found 483 articles related to the pharmacologic use of recombinant factor VIIa, including 28 clinical trials, 124 case series, and 176 case reports, which were all considered for this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recombinant factor VIIa is an effective and relatively potent prohemostatic agent in approximately 90% of patients with hemophilia and inhibiting antibodies and other types of complex coagulation disorders. The application of recombinant factor VIIa in other patients who experience severe bleeding is promising, and although sound evidence from controlled clinical trials is only scarcely available so far, forthcoming trials are likely to provide more substantiation for this use. Recombinant factor VIIa appears to be relatively safe with a 1-2% incidence of thrombotic complications based on published trials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  More randomized controlled clinical trials are required to assess the efficacy and safety of recombinant factor VIIa for patients without a preexistent coagulation disorder and with severe bleeding. In the meantime, off-label use of recombinant factor VIIa may be considered in patients with life-threatening bleeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Medicine/Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: Marjolein
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Harry R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Büller
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000150:complications; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D005167:Factor VII / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015942:Factor VIIa; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005167:Factor VII; C103587:recombinant FVIIa; D015942:Factor VIIa