title: Effects of anxiety on communication tasks for children in traditional and individualized-multiage classrooms.
abstract: The effects of anxiety on concept acquisition were evaluated for first and second grade children enrolled in either a traditional or in an individualized or multiage learning program, the latter specifically designed to reduce anxiety during the learning process. Regardless of their learning environment, first graders who scored high on trait anxiety, measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, performed more poorly than those with low trait anxiety. Individualized-multiage second grade children scored lower on state anxiety than children in the traditional group. The largest reduction in anxiety occurred at the second grade, suggesting that anxiety reduction was cumulative for the individualized-multiage program children during the first two years of their primary grade education. However, the individualized-multiage environment was detrimental to performance of second graders on the easier concrete concept acquisition test, suggesting that some anxiety is needed during learning to enhance attention and facilitate performance.
authors.affiliation: The Federal Law Enforcement Training Center, US Department of Homeland Security, Research and Evaluation Branch, Glynco, GA 31524, USA. James.Papay@dhs.gov
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Papay
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hedl
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Spielberger
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012931:Social Environment; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*