title: Acute urinary retention after magnetic resonance image-guided prostate brachytherapy with and without neoadjuvant external beam radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk of acute urinary retention (AUR) and sequelae after urethra-sparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate brachytherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2003, MRI-guided prostate brachytherapy was performed after external beam radiotherapy (n = 60) or as monotherapy (n = 188) following a diagnosis of low-risk prostate adenocarcinoma. The median prostate gland volume was 40 cm3 (range 16 to 184). Of the 248 patients, 88 (35%) had prostate gland volumes greater than 45 cm3. The median follow-up was 40 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 248 patients, 18 (7%) developed AUR. Of the 248 patients, 2% (3 of 160), 6% (3 of 49), 28% (8 of 29), and 40% (4 of 10) of patients experienced AUR if the prostate gland volume was less than 45, 45 to 60, 60 to 90, or greater than 90 cm(3), respectively (P <0.0001). Retention requiring intermittent self-catheterization resolved in one half of the patients by 2 weeks and had resolved in all patients by 6 weeks. At 1, 3, and 6 months after implantation, 100%, 57%, and 29% of patients who experienced AUR, respectively, used Flomax (P <0.0001). The mean Flomax dose used decreased from 0.9 mg at 1 month to 0.53 mg at 1 year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AUR after urethral-sparing MRI-guided prostate brachytherapy is volume dependent and is self-limited despite very large prostate gland volumes.
authors.affiliation: Joint Center for Radiation Therapy Residency Training Program, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. dlandis@lroc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Landis
authors.forename: Delray
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cormack
authors.forename: Clare
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tempany
authors.forename: Clair
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beard
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Albert
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Anthony V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: D'Amico
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D000368:Aged; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000209:etiology*