An overview of research on increasing indices of happiness of people with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.
OBJECTIVE
This paper was to provide an overview of research studies aimed at increasing indices of happiness of persons with severe/profound intellectual and multiple disabilities.


METHODS
Computerized and manual searches were carried out to identify the studies published from 1990 to 2004 (i.e., the period during which the issues of quality fo life and happiness in people with disabilities have become more prominent). Twenty-four research studies were identified. They involved the use of six different procedures, that is, structured stimulation sessions, microswitch-based simulation sessions, leisure activities and favourite work tasks or conditions, positive environment or positive behaviour support programmes and mindful caregiving, favourite stimulation automatically delivered on exercise engagement, and snoezelen.


CONCLUSIONS
Data tended to be positive with increases in the participants' indices of happiness, but some failures also occurred. The outcomes were discussed in relation to (a) methodological issues, such as designs of the studies, length of the intervention, and number of participants, and (b) personal and practical implications of the procedures. Some suggestions for future research (particularly focused on extending evidence and overcoming present methodological weakness) were also examined.
Lancioni
G E
GE
Department of Psyhology, University of Bari, 70100 Bari, Italy. g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it
Singh
N N
NN
O'Reilly
M F
MF
Oliva
D
D
Basili
G
G
D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D026421:Sensory Art Therapies; D012944:Social Support