title: Second-line chemotherapy in recurrent small cell lung cancer. Results from a crossover schedule after primary treatment with cisplatin and etoposide (EP-regimen) or cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and vincristin (CEV-regimen).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the benefit of crossover chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin (EP) versus cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine (CEV) at relapse after primary treatment with the opposite regimen in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Further, to compare the crossover group with patients not receiving chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 286 patients diagnosed with relapse after first-line chemotherapy, 120 patients received second-line chemotherapy and 166 patients received best supportive care. Fifty-six patients received EP after previous treatment with CEV, 52 received CEV after EP, and 12 patients were re-treated with the same regimen. Possible prognostic factors in the crossover group were identified at time for first-line chemotherapy and at relapse. The EP therapy comprised five courses of etoposide 100 mg/m(2) IV and cisplatin 75 mg/m(2) IV on day 1, followed by oral etoposide 200 mg/m(2) daily on day 2-4. The CEV-regimen was five courses of epirubicin 50 mg/m(2), cyclophosphamide 1000 mg/m(2), and vincristine 2 mg, all IV on day 1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients administered second-line chemotherapy lived significantly longer with median survival 5.3 months compared to 2.2 months in patients with best supportive care only (P<0.001). The best supportive care patients had significantly worse PS status and more resistant disease. The crossover treatment group was well balanced regarding possible prognostic factors prior to initial treatment and at recurrence. No difference in survival was found (P=0.71). Univariate analysis revealed PS at recurrence, objective tumour response from initial chemotherapy, disease stage at first-line, LDH-, NSE-, and ALP at first-line to be significant prognostic factors for survival in the second-line setting. In a multivariate analysis, only PS at time of recurrence remained an independent prognostic factor (P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients administered second-line chemotherapy had significantly longer survival than patients administered best supportive care. However, this difference can be explained by more negative prognostic factors in the best supportive care group. No survival difference between EP and CEV crossover chemotherapy was found. Multivariate analysis revealed PS at time of relapse as the only independent predictor of survival in the crossover recurrent SCLC group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, St. Olavs Hospital, University Hospital of Trondheim, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway. stein.sundstrom@stolav.no
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundstrøm
authors.forename: Roy M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bremnes
authors.forename: Stein
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaasa
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Aasebø
authors.forename: Steinar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aamdal
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010166:Palliative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D015251:Epirubicin; D014750:Vincristine; D005047:Etoposide; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D002945:Cisplatin