[The evaluation of visual disorders in preschool children].
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual disorders and their causes in preschool children.


METHODS
We have examined 839 children of 2-6 years. They were divided into two age groups: of 2-3 years (I gr.) and of 4-6 years old (II gr.). We estimated the visual acuity at 3m distance, binocular vision, refractive status by cycloplegic skiascopy (sol. cyclogyli 1% x 2).


RESULTS
Impaired vision was found in 14.94% of children, but it was significant in the second group (p<0.05); binocular vision was absent in 4.2% of the children. The evaluation of refraction showed that the cause of visual disorders was hyperopia of various degree (43.26%), hyperopic astigmatism (23.08%), spasm of accommodation (14.42%). The second group had significantly more cases of astigmatism and spasm of accommodation (27.38% and 16.67%, respectively), less common--strabismus (1.19%); it was significantly different from the first group (p<0.05).


CONCLUSIONS
Visual disorders were diagnosed in 14.94% of 2-6 years children. Impaired vision of preschool children was caused by the ocular ametropias (hyperopia of various degrees, astigmatism) and disorders of accommodation.
Majauskiene
Ona
O
Clinic of Eye Diseases, Kaunas University of Medicine, Eiveniu 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania. okuliaras@omni.lt
Aukstikalniene
Rimtaute
R
Ceponiene
Rūta
R
Majauskaite
Indre
I
D000367:Age Factors; D001251:Astigmatism / Q000175:diagnosis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000175:diagnosis; D008297:Male; D012029:Refraction, Ocular; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000175:diagnosis; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015348:Vision, Binocular; D014792:Visual Acuity