An epidermal barrier wound repair pathway in Drosophila is mediated by grainy head.
We used wounded Drosophila embryos to define an evolutionarily conserved pathway for repairing the epidermal surface barrier. This pathway includes a wound response enhancer from the Ddc gene that requires grainy head (grh) function and binding sites for the Grh transcription factor. At the signaling level, tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities are induced in epidermal cells near wounds, and activated ERK is required for a robust wound response. The conservation of this Grh-dependent pathway suggests that the repair of insect cuticle and mammal skin is controlled by an ancient, shared control system for constructing and healing the animal body surface barrier.
Mace
Kimberly A
KA
Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Pearson
Joseph C
JC
McGinnis
William
W
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004296:Dopa Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000502:physiology*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004817:Epidermis / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000502:physiology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005801:Genes, Homeobox; D017344:Genes, Insect; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014945:Wound Healing
D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; C402387:Spen protein, Drosophila; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; C062330:grh protein, Drosophila; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D004296:Dopa Decarboxylase