title: In vivo effects of the human type I insulin-like growth factor receptor antibody A12 on androgen-dependent and androgen-independent xenograft human prostate tumors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) and its ligands have been shown to play a critical role in prostate carcinoma development, growth, and metastasis. Targeting the IGF-IR may be a potential treatment for prostate cancer. A fully human monoclonal antibody, A12, specific to IGF-IR, has shown potent antitumor effects in breast, colon, and pancreatic cancers in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we tested the in vivo effects of A12 on androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate tumor growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Androgen-dependent LuCaP 35 and androgen-independent LuCaP 35V prostate tumors were implanted s.c. into intact and castrated severe combined immunodeficient mice, respectively. When tumor volume reached about 150 to 200 mm(3), A12 was injected at 40 mg/kg body weight thrice a week for up to 5 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We find that A12 significantly inhibits growth of androgen-dependent LuCaP 35 and androgen-independent LuCaP 35V prostate xenografts, however, by different mechanisms. In LuCaP 35 xenografts, A12 treatment induces tumor cell apoptosis or G(1) cycle arrest. In LuCaP 35V xenografts, A12 treatment induces tumor cell G(2)-M cycle arrest. Moreover, we find that blocking the function of IGF-IR down-regulates androgen-regulated gene expression in androgen-independent LuCaP 35V tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that A12 is a therapeutic candidate for both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer. Our findings also suggest an IGF-IR-dependent activity of the androgen receptor in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA. wuj@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Austin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Odman
authors.forename: Lily M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haugk
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vessella
authors.forename: Dale L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Plymate
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009919:Orchiectomy; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen