title: Assessing the accuracy of caries diagnosis via radiograph. Film versus print.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors conducted this study to determine if proximal caries diagnoses made using bitewing radiographic images printed on photographic paper were comparable with diagnoses made using traditional radiographic film images.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors digitized 15 posterior bitewing radiographs that contained 74 carious and 127 sound unrestored proximal surfaces and printed them on photographic paper. Fourteen dentists evaluated the radiographs and two printed image formats (4 x 3 centimeters and 8 x 6 cm) for evidence of caries. The diagnostic accuracy and interobserver agreement for caries diagnoses obtained in the two printed image formats were compared with those for radiographic film images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the diagnostic accuracy of printed images did not differ significantly from radiographic film images for dentinal caries. However, for caries limited to the enamel surface, a decrease in sensitivity was noted in six of the 14 observers for the smaller print images, while no significant differences in the diagnoses of enamel caries were observed among any of the observers in the enlarged print format.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that printed images can be used to diagnose dental caries reliably.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that the diagnostic information obtained by viewing printed images is equivalent to that obtained by viewing standard radiographs. Size of the printed image also may be important in caries diagnosis and care must be taken to print bitewing radiographic images at a size that optimizes interpretation. Other factors that must be considered are the type of printer, printer resolution, paper quality and type of ink used. With careful consideration of printing parameters, clinicians can be assured of diagnostic quality in printed images.
authors.affiliation: Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, The Robert Schattner Dental Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6030, USA.
authors.forename: Linda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Otis
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Sherman
mesh_terms: D003308:Copying Processes; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D010209:Paper; D010781:Photography; D011327:Printing; D012372:ROC Curve; D011858:Radiographic Magnification; D016300:Radiography, Bitewing; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014962:X-Ray Film