title: Inhibition of glucagon improves splanchnic hyporesponse to terlipressin in cirrhotic rats with blood retention in the gastric lumen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Portal hypotensive effect of terlipressin is less effective when given during hemorrhage than in stable state. Blood retention in the stomach can induce splanchnic hyperemia which is mainly a consequence of an increased glucagon release. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether gastric blood retention contributes to the splanchnic hyporesponse to terlipressin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma glucagon determination was performed under basal conditions and after intragastric blood gavage in sham-operated and cirrhotic rats. Additionally, splanchnic hemodynamic effects to terlipressin were measured in blood-gavaged cirrhotic rats with or without glucagon antiserum or octreotide infusion. Another set of air-gavaged cirrhotic rats was included for comparison.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma glucagon level increased in both sham-operated and cirrhotic rats following blood gavage. Compared to air-gavaged cirrhotic rats, splanchnic hyporesponse to terlipressin was observed in cirrhotic rats receiving intragastric blood gavage. However, this splanchnic hyporesponse to terlipressin in blood-gavaged cirrhotic rats was overcome by glucagon antiserum or octreotide infusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intragastric blood gavage induced an elevation of plasma glucagon level and led to a splanchnic hyporesponse to terlipressin. Glucagon antiserum or octreotide administration overcame this hyporesponse. Excessive release of circulating glucagon may be an important factor for splanchnic hyporesponse to terlipressin in cirrhotic portal hypertension during hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Ying-Ying
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Han-Chieh
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Tsau
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ming-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Fa-Yauh
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Full-Young
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shou-Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001769:Blood; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005751:Gastric Lavage; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D005934:Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008236:Lypressin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D015282:Octreotide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013152:Splanchnic Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D013270:Stomach / Q000098:blood supply*; D000077585:Terlipressin; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D008236:Lypressin; D000077585:Terlipressin; D005934:Glucagon; D015282:Octreotide