title: APOE influences vasospasm and cognition of noncomatose patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the influence of the APOE genotype on functional and cognitive outcome and on the incidence and prognosis of clinical vasospasm (delayed ischemic neurologic deficit [DIND]) in noncomatose patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed the data of patients admitted for SAH to the Neurosurgical Departments of the San Gerardo Hospital of Monza (January 1996 to December 2001) and the Ospedali Riuniti of Bergamo (January 2002 to September 2003). The authors considered only noncomatose patients and evaluated outcome by means of the Rankin Disability Index and the Mini-Mental State Examination at least 6 months after the SAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Uni- and multivariate logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors included 101 patients. They found the epsilon4 allele in 26 patients (25.7%). The presence of the epsilon4 allele negatively affected the overall outcome (functional morbidity or cognitive morbidity, or both) (p = 0.0087) and, particularly, cognitive morbidity (p = 0.0028). Those with an epsilon4 allele had delayed ischemic neurologic deficit DINDs more frequently (p = 0.024) and, in the presence of DIND, they were more likely to show permanent neurologic deficits (p = 0.0051).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ApoE4 negatively affects cognitive morbidity and delayed ischemic neurologic deficit recovery. The presence of an epsilon4 allele increases the risk of delayed ischemic neurologic deficit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy. l.lanterna@virgilio.it
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Lanterna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rigoldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tredici
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Biroli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cesana
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gaini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dalprà
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E