title: [COX-2 inhibitors--one step forward and two steps back].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are widely used. They have no advantages in terms of efficacy, and it is not documented that they cause fewer adverse effects than conventional NSAIDs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The adverse effects of rofecoxib, celecoxib and other NSAIDs are reviewed. Relevant literature was identified on Medline and in the reference lists in key articles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rofecoxib and the novel COX-2 inhibitors etoricoxib and valdecoxib have a higher degree of COX-2 selectivity than traditional NSAIDs. Celecoxib is less COX-2 selective and appears to be similar to diclofenac. Rofecoxib induces thromboembolic adverse effects more frequently than conventional NSAIDs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cardiovascular problems conferred by rofecoxib are probably a class effect and thus inducible by other selective COX-2 inhibitors. Pending comprehensive safety data, caution is warranted regarding the use of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Institutt for laboratoriemedisin, barne- og kvinnesykdommer, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, 7489 Trondheim.
authors.forename: Sigurd
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evensen
authors.forename: Olav
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Spigset
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Slørdal
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D000068579:Celecoxib; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013450:Sulfones / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib; D000068579:Celecoxib