title: Complications of temporary and definitive external fixation of pelvic ring injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of complications of external fixation in pelvic ring injuries, comparing fixator use for temporary and definitive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case-note review.
  
  
  METHODS
  A regional centre for pelvic trauma in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 consecutive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were treated with pelvic external fixation for a pelvic ring injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 52 patients, external fixation was intended for use as the definitive treatment of the pelvic ring injury and was maintained for a mean duration of 60 days (17-113). In 48 patients, it was used temporarily for a mean duration of 8 days (1-20) before internal fixation of the pelvic ring. The complication rate for definitive and temporary fixators was 62 and 21%, respectively. Pin-site infection occurred in 50% of definitive fixators and 13% of temporary fixators but rarely led to more serious complications. In five patients, the definitive management was changed as a result of a complication of the external fixator. The commonest cause for revision of either fixator was aseptic pin loosening. Revision for loose pins in eight patients was associated with the use of two pins in each iliac crest rather than three.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The temporary use of external fixation is safe and effective, but use for definitive treatment is associated with a high rate of infection and aseptic pin loosening.
authors.affiliation: Pelvic & Acetabular Reconstruction Unit, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, North Bristol NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol, BS16 1LE, UK. willmason@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: W T M
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: T J S
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chesser
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001858:Bone Nails; D002648:Child; D016267:External Fixators / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies