title: Nutritional factors and risk of pancreatic cancer: a population-based case-control study based on direct interview in Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few epidemiologic studies have examined the role of nutrient intake in the development of pancreatic cancer in Japan. We addressed this association in a population-based case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases were 109 patients who were newly diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between January 2000 and March 2002, and controls were selected by a random procedure from the general population. Data on dietary intake were collected by in-person interview, with the use of a food-frequency questionnaire. The risk of pancreatic cancer associated with nutrient intake was estimated by using the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) derived from a conditional logistic model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically positive trend in risk was observed with increasing cholesterol intake, with subjects in the highest tertile experiencing a two fold increased risk (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.11-3.85; Ptrend = 0.02). Vitamin C intake was negatively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer. The OR was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.22-0.94) for subjects in the highest tertile compared to the lowest tertile (Ptrend = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that high cholesterol intake is significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer and that high vitamin C intake decreases the risk of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yingsong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayakawa
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Naruse
authors.forename: Motoji
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet / Q000009:adverse effects; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate