title: A novel glucosyltransferase involved in steroid saponin biosynthesis in Solanum aculeatissimum.
abstract: Steroidal saponins are widely distributed in many plant species. Their diverse structures have resulted in a wide range of applications, including drug and medicine production. It has been suggested that the nature of the non-saccharide and oligosaccharide portions of the saponin molecule both contribute to the properties of individual saponins. Despite numerous studies on the occurrence, chemical structure, and varying pharmaceutical activities of steroidal saponins, their biosynthesis pathway is poorly understood. Glycosylation is thought to be the final step in steroidal saponin biosynthesis and it is thought to be involved in regulating the biological activities of saponins. Isolation of the glycosyltransferases that catalyze the transfer of sugar molecules to steroidal compounds will help to clarify the mechanisms that produce diverse saponins and control their activities in plants. In this study, we obtained three cDNAs encoding putative glycosyltransferases from Solanum aculeatissimum. One of the three, SaGT4A showed UDP-glucosyltransferase activity. This is the first cloned glucosyltransferase involved in steroidal saponin biosynthesis. SaGT4A catalyzes the 3-O-glucosylation of steroidal sapogenins, such as diosgenin, nuatigenin, and tigogenin. This enzyme also glucosylates steroidal alkaloids, such as solanidine, solasodine, and tomatidine. Gene expression analysis revealed that the accumulation of SaGT4A transcripts showed a unique response to wounding stress indicating the involvement of SaGT4A in plant defense system.
authors.affiliation: Plant Science Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohara
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikenaga
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shoyama
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muranaka
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005964:Glucosyltransferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010802:Phylogeny; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012502:Sapogenins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D012503:Saponins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D032322:Solanum / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D018744:DNA, Plant; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012502:Sapogenins; D012503:Saponins; D005964:Glucosyltransferases