title: Thrombospondin 1 acts as a strong promoter of transforming growth factor beta effects via two distinct mechanisms in hepatic stellate cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) is an important activator of latent transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) but little is known of the expression patterns and functions of TSP-1 in liver cells. We therefore analysed if and how TSP-1 acts on TGF-beta during fibrogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we demonstrated that hepatocytes from normal liver expressed no TSP-1 mRNA whereas Kupffer cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells did. TSP-1 mRNA and protein were detected in quiescent and activated cultured hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and TSP-1 expression was highly inducible by platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and, to a lesser extent, by tumour necrosis factor alpha in activated HSC. Furthermore, addition of PDGF-BB directly led to enhanced TGF-beta mRNA expression and a TSP-1 dependent increase in TGF-beta/Smad signalling. Using either a peptide specifically blocking the interaction of TSP-1 with latent TGF-beta or antibodies against TSP-1 not only abrogated activation of latent TGF-beta but also reduced the effects of the active dimer itself.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that TSP-1 expression is important for TGF-beta effects and that it is regulated by the profibrogenic mediator PDGF-BB in HSC. Furthermore, the presence of TSP-1 seems to be a prerequisite for effective signal transduction by active TGF-beta not only in rat HSC but also in other cell types such as human dermal fibroblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Mol Alcohol Research in Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Heidelberg at Mannheim, Germany. katja.breitkopf@med.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Breitkopf
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sawitza
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Westhoff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wickert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gressner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D000077214:Becaplermin; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D019700:Thrombospondin 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019700:Thrombospondin 1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000077214:Becaplermin