Gene SNPs and mutations in clinical genetic testing: haplotype-based testing and analysis.
Haplotype-based analysis using high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have gained increasing attention in evaluating candidate genes in various clinical situations. For example, haplotype information is useful for predicting the severity and prognosis of certain genetic disorders. The intragenic cis-interactions between the common polymorphisms and the pathogenic mutations of prion protein (PRNP) and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) genes greatly influence the phenotypes and the disease penetrance of hereditary Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and cystic fibrosis. Merits of haplotype study are more evident in the fine mapping of complex diseases and in identifying genetic variations that influence individual's response to drugs. Knowledge-based approaches and/or linkage analyses using SNP tagged haplotypes are effective tools in detecting genetic associations. For example, haplotype studies in the inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility loci revealed diverse cis and trans gene-gene interactions, which can affect the clinical outcomes. Although currently, we have very limited knowledge on haplotype-phenotypic characterizations of most genes, these examples demonstrate that increased understanding of the clinically relevant haplotypes will provide better results in the diagnosis and possibly in the treatment of both monogenic and polygenic diseases.
Lee
Jong-Eun
JE
DNA Link Inc., 15-1 Yeonhui 1-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-110, Republic of Korea.
Choi
Ji Ha
JH
Lee
Ji Hyun
JH
Lee
Min Goo
MG
D000682:Amyloid; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D009154:Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D000072002:Prion Proteins; D011328:Prions; D011498:Protein Precursors
D000682:Amyloid; C505032:CFTR protein, human; C512656:PRNP protein, human; D000072002:Prion Proteins; D011328:Prions; D011498:Protein Precursors; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator