title: Dichotomous responses of inter and postprandial hyperglycaemia to short-term calorie restriction in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In type 2 diabetes the effects of short-term calorie restrictions on glycaemia are usually judged on fasting plasma glucose. As fasting duration rarely exceeds 2-3 h, we determined the effects of calorie restriction over different daytime periods using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) in noninsulin-using patients with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen poorly controlled (mean HbA1c = 9.3%) overweight or obese patients (mean body mass index = 30.1 +/- 0.7 kg m(-2)) with type 2 diabetes were investigated twice with a CGMS, at baseline and at the end of a 18-day calorie-restricted diet (1490 kcal day(-1)). Areas under curves (AUCs) of 24-h glucose monitoring were measured and divided into postprandial and interprandial AUCs according to meal times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Areas under curves of 24-h glucose monitoring were significantly decreased after dieting: -37%, P = 0.0047. Both post and interprandial AUCs were significantly diminished (-26%, P = 0.0186 and -48%, P = 0.0037, respectively), but changes in interprandial AUCs were more marked than changes in postprandial AUCs (P = 0.0060). Nycthemeral peaks of glucose were observed at mid-morning times and were not significantly different before (242 +/- 15 mg dL(-1)) and after dieting (227 +/- 16 mg dL(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term calorie restriction in overweight or obese patients with type 2 diabetes resulted in dichotomous responses between interprandial and postprandial glycaemic excursions. The resistance of mid-morning glucose peaking to calorie restriction should result in additional dietary or pharmacological measures at breakfast.
authors.affiliation: University Institute of Clinical Research, Montpellier, France. colette@iurc.montp.inserm.fr
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Colette
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ginet
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boegner
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benichou
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cristol
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monnier
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000178:diet therapy; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010349:Patient Compliance; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified