title: CpG oligonucleotides induce strong humoral but only weak CD4+ T cell responses to protein antigens in rhesus macaques in vivo.
abstract: Oligonucleotides containing CpG motifs (CpG ODN) are strong adjuvants for humoral immune responses but data on cellular immune responses in primates are scarce. Rhesus macaque blood contained similar numbers of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, the key sensors of CpG ODN, as human blood, and these cells were activated by CpG-A and CpG-B in vitro. In vivo, both ODNs induced equal plasma levels of interferon-inducible protein 10 and similarly enhanced antibody responses following i.m. injections of the ODNs, protein antigen, and aluminium hydroxide into rhesus macaques, whereas antigen-specific CD4(+) T cell responses were only slightly increased by CpG ODN.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Gunther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marschner
authors.forename: Pablo Renner
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Viveros
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stahl-Hennig
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eisenblätter
authors.forename: You-Suk
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endres
authors.forename: Klara
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tenner-Racz
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uberla
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Racz
authors.forename: Ralph M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ignatius
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects*; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002469:Cell Separation; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects*; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000941:Antigens; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D016207:Cytokines; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D011506:Proteins