title: Effect of three different anaesthetic agents on the postoperative production of cardiac troponin T in paediatric cardiac surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Paediatric cardiac surgery is associated with some degree of myocardial injury. Ischaemic preconditioning (IP) has been investigated widely in the adult population. Volatile agents have been shown to simulate IP providing extra protection to the myocardium during adult cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) while propofol seems to act through different mechanisms. IP has not been investigated in the paediatric population to the same extent. Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is a reliable marker of myocardial injury in neonates and children. We have investigated the relationship between three anaesthetic agents, midazolam, propofol, and sevoflurane, and postoperative production of cTnT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety patients undergoing repair of congenital heart defect with CPB were investigated in a prospective randomized study. cTnT was measured four times during the first 24 h following admission to the paediatric intensive care unit. Other variables measured included arterial blood gases, lactate, fluid balance, use of inotropic drugs, PaO2/FiO2 ratio and ventilator hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cTnT was elevated in all three groups throughout the study period. The differences between the three groups were not statistically significant. Eight hours after admission to the intensive care unit cTnT concentrations tended to be higher in the midazolam group [mean (95% confidence intervals)]; 2.7 (1.9-3.5) ng ml(-1). Patients receiving a propofol-based anaesthesia had similar concentrations 2.6 (1.7-3.5) ng ml(-1) while those receiving sevoflurane tended to have a lower cTnT production 1.7 (1.3-2.2) ng ml(-1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Midazolam, propofol, and sevoflurane appear to provide equal myocardial protection in paediatric cardiac surgery when using cTnT as a marker of myocardial damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands. jmalagon@lumc.nl
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Malagon
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hogenbirk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Pelt
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hazekamp
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Bovill
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D020107:Troponin T / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015415:Biomarkers; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D020107:Troponin T; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol