title: Early manifestation of calcinosis cutis in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia associated with a novel mutation in the GNAS gene.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the molecular defect for the clinical finding of congenital hypothyroidism combined with the manifestation of calcinosis cutis in infancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The male patient presented with moderately elevated blood thyrotropin levels at neonatal screening combined with slightly decreased plasma thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine concentrations, necessitating thyroid hormone substitution 2 weeks after birth. At the age of 7 months calcinosis cutis was seen and the patient underwent further investigation. Typical features of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), including round face, obesity and delayed psychomotor development, were found.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Laboratory investigation revealed a resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) with highly elevated PTH levels and a reduction in adenylyl cyclase-stimulating protein (Gsalpha) activity leading to the diagnosis of pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP Ia). A novel heterozygous mutation (c364T > G in exon 5, leading to the amino acid substitution Ile-106 --> Ser) was detected in the GNAS gene of the patient. This mutation was not found in the patient's parents, both of whom showed normal Gsalpha protein activity in erythrocytes and no features of AHO. A de novo mutation is therefore likely.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subcutaneous calcifications in infancy should prompt the clinician to a thorough search for an underlying disease. The possibility of AHO and PHP Ia should be considered in children with hypothyroidism and calcinosis cutis. Systematic reviews regarding the frequency of calcinosis in AHO are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Germany.
authors.forename: Felix G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Riepe
authors.forename: Wiebke
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krone
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fölster-Holst
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brasch
authors.forename: Wolfgang G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Sippell
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hiort
authors.forename: Carl-Joachim
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Partsch
mesh_terms: D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D002864:Chromogranins; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005359:Fibrous Dysplasia, Polyostotic; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000235:genetics*; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D011547:Pseudohypoparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002864:Chromogranins; C406732:GNAS protein, human; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs