title: Ankle instability after vascularized fibular harvest for tumor reconstruction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The vascularized fibular graft is an important tool in the reconstruction of defects caused by resections of orthopedic tumors. Children often undergo this form of reconstruction, but there is little information about the complications after vascularized fibular graft harvest in this age group.
  
  
  METHODS
  We present a series of 32 patients who underwent this procedure to reconstruct an extremity in our institution. There were 12 children and 20 adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The residual distal fibula was significantly longer in adults as compared with children (P < .048). Among children, 3 of 11 undergoing the procedure developed ankle instability, in distinction to adults, none of whom developed this complication (P < .041). This reflects a disruption of normal ankle function that develops in skeletally immature patients with a short residual fibula but not in patients with a longer residual fibula (P < .008). When the sum of patient age in years and residual fibula length in centimeters was less than 16, 3 of 6 patients developed deformity, in contrast to no deformity developing in the remaining 23 when the sum was >16 (P < .004). Adults were more likely to develop pain than instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our series suggests that children with an age-length sum <16 should be considered for prophylactic tibiofibular synostosis creation.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Saminathan S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Nathan
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hung-Yi
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Disa
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Athanasian
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boland
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Cordeiro
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Healey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000637:transplantation*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome