title: Diagnosing the location of carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder using pirarubicin hydrochloride.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No established technique for locating solitary carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder or CIS accompanying bladder cancer has been determined. Here we investigated whether the location of CIS of the urinary bladder can be macroscopically ascertained by instilling pirarubicin hydrochloride (THP) into the urinary bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  We dissolved 50 mg of THP in 50 ml of distilled water, and instilled the resulting solution into the urinary bladder. After 5 min, the urinary bladder is examined using a cystoscope. The study group consisted of 30 subjects (23 men and 7 women).
  
  
  RESULTS
  THP uptake was seen in 19 flat (nontumorous) areas of the bladder mucosa in 13 patients. Of these, 11 lesions in 6 patients were confirmed to be CIS. THP uptake was also seen in flat malignant lesions such as bladder cancer invasion into the prostatic urethra, and in benign lesions such as chronic cystitis and urothelial hyperplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present method can be useful to find easily and macroscopically the location of flat malignant lesions such as CIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Nippon Medical School, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan. taku-shi@ka2.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Takushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchikoba
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horiuchi
authors.forename: Fumiatsu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oka
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Narumi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohaki
authors.forename: Taiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003558:Cystoscopy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D004317:Doxorubicin; C027260:pirarubicin