Influence of dough ingredients on 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) formation in toast.
The influence of different dough ingredients such as fat, salt, sourdough, emulsifiers, and sugar on the formation of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) during toast preparation under domestic conditions was investigated. In comparison with a fat-free recipe, addition of 1% peanut fat considerably increased 3-MCPD formation, but varying the fat (2-5%) or salt (1.6-2.4%) contents within technological acceptable limits did not show any significant differences. A baking agent, which is usually commercially applied by many toast bakers or industrial toast manufacturers, increased 3-MCPD formation in toasted bread slices. Considerable evidence was found that the baking agent's main component sucrose had the major part in increasing 3-MCPD levels. Emulsifiers containing monoacylglycerols moderately increased 3-MCPD levels, but the addition of lecithin did not have any significant influence. 3-MCPD levels showed a good correlation with the lightness (L* value) of the bread slices; their 3-MCPD content increased exponentially towards dark coloured toasts. The relation between 3-MCPD and 2-MCPD was an average of 3:1 in all samples. Dichloropropanols such as, for example, 1,3-dichloropropanol could not be detected.
Breitling-Utzmann
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Chemisches und Veterinaeruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart (Official Laboratory for Food Analysis), Fellbach, Germany. Carmen.Breitling-Utzmann@cvuas.bwl.de
Hrenn
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Haase
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Unbehend
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D010367:Arachis; D001939:Bread; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D005223:Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D005433:Flour / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling; D006358:Hot Temperature; D020005:Propanols / Q000737:chemistry; D011409:Propylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin / Q000737:chemistry*
D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D005223:Fats; D020005:Propanols; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013395:Sucrose; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin