title: Environmental air sampling to detect exotic Newcastle disease virus in two California commercial poultry flocks.
abstract: The 2002--2003 Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) outbreak in Southern California poultry provided an opportunity to evaluate environmental air sampling as an efficient and cost-effective means of sampling flocks for detection of a circulating virus. Exotic Newcastle Disease virus was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase PCR from air samples collected using a wetted-wall cyclone-style air sampler placed within 2 m of birds in 2 commercial flocks suspected of being naturally exposed to END virus during the outbreak. Exotic Newcastle Disease virus was detected after 2 hours of air sampling the poultry-house environments of the 2 naturally infected flocks.
authors.affiliation: California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
authors.forename: Sharon K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hietala
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hullinger
authors.forename: Beate M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Crossley
authors.forename: Hailu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kinde
authors.forename: Alex A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Ardans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011200:Poultry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary