title: Sequence variants in Toll-like receptor gene cluster (TLR6-TLR1-TLR10) and prostate cancer risk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic inflammation plays an important role in several human cancers and may be involved in the etiology of prostate cancer. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in the innate immune response to pathogens and in cross-talk between innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Our previous finding of an association of TLR4 gene sequence variants and prostate cancer risk provides evidence for a role of TLRs in prostate cancer. In this study, we investigated whether sequence variants in the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster, residing within a 54-kb region on 4p14, were associated with prostate cancer risk.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected 32 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering these three genes and genotyped these SNPs in 96 control subjects from the Cancer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS) population-based prostate cancer case-control study. Five distinct haplotype blocks were inferred at this region, and we identified 17 haplotype-tagging SNPs (htSNPs) that could uniquely describe >95% of the haplotypes. These 17 htSNPs were then genotyped in the entire CAPS study population (1383 case subjects and 780 control subjects). Odds ratios of prostate cancer for the carriers of a variant allele versus those with the wild-type allele were estimated using unconditional logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequencies of 11 of the 17 SNPs were statistically significantly different between case and control subjects (P = .04-.001), with odds ratios for variant allele carriers (homozygous or heterozygous) compared with wild-type allele carriers ranging from 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.00 to 1.43) to 1.38 (95% CI = 1.12 to 1.70). Phylogenetic tree analyses of common haplotypes identified a clade of two evolutionarily related haplotypes that are statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. These two haplotypes contain all the risk alleles of these 11 associated SNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed multiple associated SNPs at the TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster were dependent and suggest the presence of a founder prostate cancer risk variant on this haplotype background. The TLR6-TLR1-TLR10 gene cluster may play a role in prostate cancer risk, although further functional studies are needed to pinpoint the disease-associated variants in this gene cluster.
authors.affiliation: Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
authors.forename: Jielin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Fredrik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wiklund
authors.forename: S Lilly
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Baoli
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bälter
authors.forename: Liwu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jan-Erik
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Ge
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hans-Olov
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Adami
authors.forename: Wennuan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolin
authors.forename: Aubrey R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Meyers
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Isaacs
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grönberg
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018703:Founder Effect; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005838:Genotype; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics*; D013548:Sweden; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051201:Toll-Like Receptor 10; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495345:TLR4 protein, human; C495368:TLR6 protein, human; D051194:Toll-Like Receptor 1; D051201:Toll-Like Receptor 10; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051216:Toll-Like Receptor 6; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors