Epidemiology of obesity in the United States.
The challenges of the epidemic are not limited to concerns about bulk and weight. The disabilities caused by obesity are physiologic and psychosocial. The increased waist to hip girth is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Obesity also has been related directly to increased risk of sleep apnea, cancer, gallbladder disease, musculoskeletal disorders, severe pancreatitis, bacterial panniculitis, diverticulitis, infertility, urinary incontinence, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The psychosocial factors and quality of life in the obese population also have been documented. Although there is some debate, the obese have been found to be twice as likely to suffer from anxiety, impaired social interaction,and depression when compared with the nonobese population. Although advances in obesity surgery have resulted in long-term, lasting treatment of this disease and some of its comorbidities (ie, diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnea), There is a pressing need to develop a comprehensive medical and nutrition plan to reduce the prevalence of this newly identified disease state. Some draw parallels to tobacco and the morbidity and mortality associated with its use. Perhaps there are similarities in these two epidemics. Both start with education of the population as to the morbidities and mortality associated with the disease. As with tobacco, this education is especially important for youth. Without a plan of education to promote nutrition and increased physical activity, and continued research into the causes of obesity, the prevalence of obesity will continue to rise in the United States.
Pender
John R
JR
Brody School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Brody Medical Science Building, 2E-67 Greenville, NC 27858, USA.
Pories
Walter J
WJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology