title: The incidence and natural history of Raynaud's phenomenon in the community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common disorder, yet its incidence and natural history are unknown. Our objective was to determine the incidence and natural history of RP not associated with a connective tissue disease in a large, community-based population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using serial examinations of the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort, we collected data regarding RP symptoms for 717 women and 641 men over a 7-year period. We used validated criteria for RP classification and categorized participants as having incident, persistent, or remitted RP. We performed sex-specific analyses of RP status by age, body mass index, vibratory tool use, season of examination, state of residence, use of antihypertensive medications, and smoking status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean +/- SD age of participants was 53.5 +/- 10 years. The incidence of RP was 2.2% in women (n = 14) and 1.5% in men (n = 9). Of the 78 women and 50 men who had RP at baseline, 36% of women (n = 28) and 36% of men (n = 18) had persistent RP. RP remitted in 64% of women (n = 50) and 64% of men (n = 32), with 41 women and 25 men meeting no or only 1 RP criterion at followup. RP episodes were infrequent and rarely interfered with daily activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first prospective study to determine the incidence and natural history of RP in a community-based cohort. Our data demonstrate that RP not associated with a connective tissue disease is frequently a transient phenomenon and rarely interferes with daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8088, USA. lisa.suter@yale.edu
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Suter
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Murabito
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Felson
authors.forename: Liana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fraenkel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003154:Community Medicine; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011634:Public Health; D011788:Quality of Life; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D012621:Seasons; D015144:Southeastern United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology