title: Kallmann's syndrome and schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Kallmann's Syndrome is a heritable disorder characterized by the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. A common pathogenesis for KS and schizophrenia had been proposed based on shared pathologies of these two disorders, although no such clinical associations have ever been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a 35 year old man with schizophrenia and Kallmann's Syndrome. The patient presented with signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, severe hyposmia and normal endocrine functions of the anterior pituitary. Hyposmia has been attributed to the absence of the olfactory bulbs and tracts and atrophy of the olfactory gyri, but normal olfactory mucosa. The patient presented with paranoid schizophrenia with persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations, thought disorder, depersonalization, and gradual but marked global deterioration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Psychiatric evaluation revealed an entirely different psychopathological and personality profile between the patient and the six other Kallmann patients studied. Cycle sequencing analysis revealed a normal sequence of all 14 exons of the KAL gene. In conclusion, based on the presented case, Kallmann's Syndrome and schizophrenia represent a rare clinical association rather than a syndrome with a common pathogenesis, which if present should be confined to the olfactory dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: University of Patras Medical School, Greece.
authors.forename: George A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Vagenakis
authors.forename: Thomas N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Hyphantis
authors.forename: Charalabos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Anthi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Protonatariou
authors.forename: Argyro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sgourou
authors.forename: Panayotis A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dimopoulos
authors.forename: Venetsanos
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mavreas
authors.forename: Apostolos G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Vagenakis
authors.forename: Neoklis A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Georgopoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology; D017436:Kallmann Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008950:MMPI; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D000857:Olfaction Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D009830:Olfactory Bulb / Q000473:pathology; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires