title: Modeling spontaneous activity in the developing spinal cord using activity-dependent variations of intracellular chloride.
abstract: We investigated how spontaneous activity is generated in developing, hyperexcitable networks. We focused our study on the embryonic chick spinal cord, a preparation that exhibits rhythmic discharge on multiple timescales: slow episodes (lasting minutes) and faster intraepisode cycling (approximately 1 Hz frequency). For this purpose, we developed a mean field model of a recurrent network with slow chloride dynamics and a fast depression variable. We showed that the model, in addition to providing a biophysical mechanism for the slow dynamics, was able to account for the experimentally observed activity. The model made predictions on how interval and duration of episodes are affected when changing chloride-mediated synaptic transmission or chloride flux across cell membrane. These predictions guided experiments, and the model results were compared with experimental data obtained with electrophysiological recordings. We found agreement when transmission was affected through changes in synaptic conductance and good qualitative agreement when chloride flux was varied through changes in external chloride concentration or in the rate of the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter. Furthermore, the model made predictions about the time course of intracellular chloride concentration and chloride reversal potential and how these are affected by changes in synaptic conductance. Based on the comparison between modeling and experimental results, we propose that chloride dynamics could be an important mechanism in rhythm generation in the developing chick spinal cord.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Neural Control, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marchetti
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tabak
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chub
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Donovan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rinzel
mesh_terms: D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate / Q000494:pharmacology; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione / Q000494:pharmacology; D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001640:Bicuculline / Q000494:pharmacology; D002034:Bumetanide / Q000494:pharmacology; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017711:Nonlinear Dynamics; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D010507:Periodicity; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D049994:Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D002034:Bumetanide; D018750:6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; D015763:2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; D001640:Bicuculline