title: Transforming growth factor-beta3 induces pleurodesis in rabbits and collagen production of human mesothelial cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examined whether transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(3) induces pleurodesis in rabbits and collagen production by human pleural mesothelial cells in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined animal and in vitro study.
  
  
  METHODS
  TGF-beta(3) was injected intrapleurally in rabbits at the following doses: 0.167 mug, 0.5 mug, 1.67 mug, and 5 mug (five rabbits per group). The rabbits were killed 14 days following injection, and pleurodesis was graded from 1 (none) to 8 (complete symphysis). Pleural mesothelial cell cultures were established from benign pleural effusions and treated with TGF-beta(3) for 48 h at the following doses: 0 (control), 5 ng/mL, 1.5 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, and 15 ng/mL and 50 ng/mL (two independent experiments). Collagen I messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median pleurodesis score was 5 (interquartile range [IQR], 4.5) in the 0.167-mug group, 6 (IQR, 5) in the 0.5-mug group, 8 (IQR, 1) in the 1.67-mug group, and 8 (IQR, 0.5) in the 5-mug group (p = 0.012). Higher TGF-beta(3) doses induced the production of significantly more pleural fluid than the lower doses (p = 0.005). The pleural fluid induced by higher doses contained significantly lower numbers of nucleated cells (p = 0.014) and lactate dehydrogenase levels (p = 0.013) than the pleural fluid induced by lower doses of the agent. TGF-beta(3) markedly enhanced collagen I mRNA expression by the human pleural mesothelial cells. This effect peaked at 5 ng/mL TGF-beta(3). With this dose of TGF-beta(3), the collagen I mRNA expression was increased 16-fold over control levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-beta(3) causes a dose-dependent pleurodesis when administered intrapleurally in rabbits, and induces collagen messenger RNA synthesis from human pleural mesothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou, 10675, Athens, Greece. jkalomenidis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalomenidis
authors.forename: Yubiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Kirk B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Light
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D010994:Pleura / Q000166:cytology*; D018700:Pleurodesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011817:Rabbits; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053782:Transforming Growth Factor beta3; D003094:Collagen; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase