title: Prognostic significance of fascin overexpression in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Fascin, an actin bundling protein, induces membrane protrusions and increased cell motility in various transformed cells. The expression of fascin in epithelial neoplasms has been described only recently, and the role of fascin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is still unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin sections of 200 patients with ESCC were immunohistochemically investigated. The expression levels of fascin mRNA in 20 ESCC tissues were compared with that in corresponding normal esophageal epithelium by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. We also examined fascin protein expression in 33 ESCC cell lines. The role of fascin in cell motility and invasiveness in ESCC cells was assessed by the vector-based small interfering RNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In immunohistochemical study, the intensity of fascin expression was usually increased in the tumor compared with that in normal epithelium. Fascin overexpression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis (immunoreactive rate, P = 0.033; immunoreactive intensity, P = 0.031). The fascin immunoreactive rate was associated with extent of the tumor (P = 0.002) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis showed that fascin expression intensity was an independent prognostic factor, but the immunoreactive rate was not. In addition, up-regulation of fascin mRNA was found in 60% (12 of 20) of patients. In vitro study revealed that all 33 ESCC cell lines expressed fascin protein at a certain level. KYSE170, one of the fascin-overexpressed cells, decreased its motile and invasive properties after down-regulation of fascin expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that fascin overexpression may play an important role in the progression of ESCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Surgical Basic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Harutaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsunoda
authors.forename: Motoshige
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashiyama
authors.forename: Go
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C020324:fascin