title: Effects of atorvastatin and vitamin E on lipoproteins and oxidative stress in dialysis patients: a randomised-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to examine the effects of treatment with atorvastatin, alpha-tocopherol and the combination of both, on lipoproteins and oxidative stress in dialysis patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial was performed at the dialysis department of a non-university hospital. SUBJECTS, INTERVENTION AND MEASUREMENTS: A total of 44 clinically stable, non-diabetic patients on dialysis therapy (23 on haemo- and 21 on peritoneal-dialysis) without manifest cardiovascular disease were included in this study. They were randomised for treatment during a period of 12 weeks with 40 mg atorvastatin + placebo alpha-tocopherol (group 1) once daily, 800 IU alpha-tocopherol + placebo atorvastatin once daily (group 2), 40 mg atorvastatin + 800 IU alpha-tocopherol once daily (group 3), or placebo atorvastatin + placebo alpha-tocopherol once daily (group 4). Assessment of lipid profile and oxidative stress was performed at the start of the study and after 12 weeks of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with atorvastatin reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and levels of oxidised LDL (oxLDL) with 30-43%. It had no influence on LDL oxidisability. Additional supplementation with alpha-tocopherol had no effect on lipid profile and oxLDL levels but decreased in vitro LDL oxidisability. No side-effects were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with atorvastatin is effective in lowering plasma total cholesterol, TG, LDL, apoB and oxLDL in a population of stable dialysis patients and might therefore be an effective tool in improving the poor cardiovascular outcome in these patients. Supplementation of alpha-tocopherol to atorvastatin had beneficial effects on in vitro LDL oxidisability and might therefore be of additional value. Further research on the clinical effects of treatment with atorvastatin in combination with alpha-tocopherol is necessary.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Isala Clinics, location Weezenlanden, Zwolle, The Netherlands. s.diepeveen@nier.umcn.nl <s.diepeveen@nier.umcn.nl>
authors.forename: S H A
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Diepeveen
authors.forename: G W H E
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Van Der Palen
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Dikkeschei
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Van Tits
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kolsters
authors.forename: J J G
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Offerman
authors.forename: H J G
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bilo
authors.forename: A F H
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Stalenhoef
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000032:analysis; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006538:Heptanoic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D006538:Heptanoic Acids; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011758:Pyrroles; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002784:Cholesterol; D000069059:Atorvastatin; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol