title: Immunogenicity, safety, and protective efficacy of an inactivated SARS-associated coronavirus vaccine in rhesus monkeys.
abstract: An inactivated vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was evaluated in rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 0.5, 5, 50, or 5000 microg of vaccine, or PBS as control, and boosted on day 7. After 3 weeks, they were challenged with the NS-1 strain of SARS-CoV. The humoral and mucosal immune responses, clinical signs, chemical indices and viremia were monitored following the immunization and challenge. The control animals who received PBS developed atypical SAR-CoV infection after viral challenge, according to clinical, virological and pathological findings. No systematic side effects were observed in vaccinated animals post-immunization, even in at the high dose of 5000 microg. The 50 microg dosage of vaccine elicited SARS-CoV specific immune responses against viral infection as compared to the partial immunity elicited by 0.5 and 5 microg doses. The results show that this inactivated vaccine can induce effective concomitant humoral and mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV infection, is safe in monkeys, and the vaccine maybe a good candidate for clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Key Laboratory of Virology (Wuhan University) Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Zhanqiu
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Runqing
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Zhijiao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Qiaoyang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: Hongbing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000276:immunology*; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D015164:Vaccines, Inactivated; D014765:Viral Vaccines