title: The minimally conscious state and recovery potential: a follow-up study 2 to 5 years after traumatic brain injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document recovery in persons who were in the minimally conscious state (MCS) for at least 1 month after traumatic brain injury (TBI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants who had been discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen people with TBI and their relatives.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western Neuro Sensory Stimulation Profile, Disability Rating Scale (DRS), FIM instrument, Dementia Rating Scale, and Sydney Psychosocial Reintegration Scale (SPRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Level of functioning at follow-up varied from extremely severe disability or greater on the DRS (n=4) to mild disability (n=1). These outcomes were corroborated by results of the FIM and the Dementia Rating Scale. All participants experienced some (44%) or major (56%) change in their level of psychosocial functioning on the SPRS compared with their preinjury level. There were no significant correlations between duration of time in the MCS and outcome on FIM, DRS, or SPRS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight the heterogeneity of outcome even after a prolonged duration of MCS after TBI. A large proportion of the patients was functionally independent in basic daily activities, although all experienced residual impairments and disabilities. The low correlation coefficients between duration of MCS and the outcome measures suggest that prognostic statements based on length of time a person is in the MCS cannot be made with confidence.
authors.affiliation: Brain Injury Rehabilitation Unit, Royal Rehabilitation Centre Sydney, Ryde, Australia.
authors.forename: Michele H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lammi
authors.forename: Vanessa H
authors.initials: VH
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Robyn L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Tate
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018458:Persistent Vegetative State / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors