The strategic regulation of children's memory performance and suggestibility.
We report two empirical studies that investigated previously reported benefits of a high accuracy motivation, and thus a high threshold, for children's and adults' event recall and for their ability to resist false suggestions. In the studies, 6-, 7-, and 8-year-olds, as well as adults, were shown a brief video about an event and were later asked unbiased and misleading questions about it. In Study 1, participants were either (a) given the typical accuracy instructions (including the option to answer with "I don't know"), (b) reminded of the accuracy instructions during the interview, or (c) immediately given feedback and a token for every correct answer. The results showed that the reminders were ineffective in stimulating strategic control behavior in children, independent of age. In Study 2, the confounding effects of feedback and incentives were disentangled by contrasting (a) free report, (b) feedback only, (c) incentives only, and (d) feedback plus incentives. Analyses on recall performance and suggestibility revealed that both feedback and incentives are necessary to increase children's accurate memory reports.
Roebers
Claudia M
CM
Institute of Psychology, University of Berne, Muesmattstrasse 45, CH-3000 Bern 9, Switzerland. roebers@psychologie.uni-wuerzburg.de
Schneider
Wolfgang
W
D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D013404:Suggestion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014743:Videotape Recording