General medical and pharmacy claims expenditures in users of behavioral health services.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the magnitude of general medical and/or pharmacy claims expenditures for individuals who use behavioral health services and to assess future claims when behavioral service use persists.


METHODS
Retrospective cost trends and 24-month cohort analyses.


METHODS
A Midwest health plan.


METHODS
Over 250,000 health plan enrollees during 2000 and 2001.


METHODS
Claims expenditures for behavioral health services, general medical services, and prescription medications.


RESULTS
Just over one tenth of enrollees (10.7%) in 2001 had at least 1 behavioral health claim and accounted for 21.4% of total general medical, behavioral health, and pharmacy claims expenditures. Costs for enrollees who used behavioral health services were double that for enrollees who did not use such services. Almost 80% of health care costs were for general medical services and medications, two thirds of which were not psychotropics. Total claims expenditures in enrollees with claims for both substance use and mental disorders in 2000 were 4 times that of those with general medical and/or pharmacy claims only. These expenditures returned to within 15% of nonbehavioral health service user levels in 2001 when clinical need for behavioral health services was no longer required but increased by another 37% between 2000 and 2001 when both chemical dependence and mental health service needs persisted.


CONCLUSIONS
The majority of total claims expenditures in patients who utilize behavioral health services are for medical, not behavioral, health benefits. Continued service use is associated with persistently elevated total general medical and pharmacy care costs. These findings call for studies that better delineate: 1) the interaction of general medical, pharmacy, and behavioral health service use and 2) clinical and/or administrative approaches that reverse the high use of general medical resources in behavioral health patients.
Kathol
Roger G
RG
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. roger-kathol@attglobal.net
McAlpine
Donna
D
Kishi
Yasuhiro
Y
Spies
Robert
R
Meller
William
W
Bernhardt
Terence
T
Eisenberg
Steven
S
Folkert
Keith
K
Gold
William
W
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001524:Behavioral Medicine / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000191:economics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000191:economics