title: Percutaneous drainage and necrosectomy in the management of pancreatic necrosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The degree of necrosis and presence of infection are the crucial determinants of the outcome in patients with pancreatic necrosis. In patients with sterile necrosis, the necrotic material can persist and subsequently results in sepsis. Some of these patients will ultimately require an operation to remove the necrotic material. Percutaneous necrosectomy has been introduced to remove this residual debris in a minimally invasive way.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all patients with pancreatic necrosis who had percutaneous drainage (PCD) performed. Percutaneous pancreatic necrosectomy (PCPN) was done for those patients whose necrotic cavity failed to resolve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Percutaneous drainage was performed in eight patients, four with evidence of infection by the positive culture in the aspirate. In three of them, the necrotic cavity completely resolved after drainage. Percutaneous necrosectomy was performed in another three patients through the tract placed by the radiologist and another one through a sinus tract after an operation. The necrotic cavity in three of them completely resolved after percutaneous necrosectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Those patients who had 'organized necrosis' after the acute episode of pancreatitis could receive benefit from percutaneous necrosectomy. The persistent symptoms could be alleviated after the removal of the residual necrotic material. It could also be useful after an open surgery to remove any residual devitalized tissue.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong. qehsurg@ha.org.hk
authors.forename: Moon-Tong
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Candance Nga-Sze
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Kam-Wang
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Siu
authors.forename: Philip Chong-Hei
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Kwok
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D019283:Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome