title: Erosive effects of different acids on bovine enamel: release of calcium and phosphate in vitro.
abstract: The present study intended to investigate minimal erosive effects of different acids on enamel during short time incubation via determination of calcium and phosphate dissolution. Bovine enamel specimens were eroded for 1-5 min with eight different acids of pH 2, 2.3 and 3 (citric (CA), maleic (MA), lactic (LA), tartaric (TA), phosphoric (PA), oxalic (OA), acetic (AA) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)). Calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) release were determined photometrically using arsenazo III (calcium) and malachite green (phosphate) as substrates. Each subgroup contained eight enamel specimens. Amount of titratable acid was determined for all acidic solutions. MA, LA, TA, AA and HCl caused linear release of Ca and P, PA of Ca, CA of P. For CA, MA, LA, TA, AA, PA and HCl mineral loss was shown to be pH-dependent. Ca dissolution varied between 28.6+/-4.4 (LA, pH 2) and 2.4+/-0.7 nmol mm(-2)min(-1) (HCl, pH 3), P dissolution ranged between 17.2+/-2.6 (LA, pH 2) and 1.4+/-0.4 nmol mm(-2)min(-1) (HCl, pH 3). LA was one of the most erosive acids. AA was very erosive at pH 3. HCl and MA were shown to have the lowest erosive effects. There was only a weak correlation (r=0.28) between P and Ca release and the amount of titratable acid. The method of the present study allows investigation of minimal erosive effects via direct determination of P and Ca dissolution. During short time exposition at constant pH level, erosive effects mainly depend on pH and type of acid but not on amount of titratable acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany. christian.hannig@med.uni-goettingen.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hannig
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamkens
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Rengin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Attin
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Attin
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000143:Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D003747:Dental Enamel Solubility; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008293:Malates / Q000494:pharmacology; D019815:Oxalic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry*; D010756:Phosphoric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D013644:Tartrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D014077:Tooth Erosion / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D000143:Acids; D008293:Malates; D010710:Phosphates; D010756:Phosphoric Acids; D013644:Tartrates; D019343:Citric Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019815:Oxalic Acid; D019342:Acetic Acid; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid; D002118:Calcium; C029768:tartaric acid