title: Apo(a) size in ischemic stroke: relation with subtype and severity on hospital admission.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the distribution of apolipoprotein (a) (apo[a]) isoforms and their relation to the clinical severity of different ischemic stroke subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-four hospital cases with a first-ever ischemic stroke and 188 randomly selected control subjects matched for age, gender, and ethnicity were enrolled. Stroke etiology was defined according to Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment criteria. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the severity of stroke on admission.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In univariate analysis, the presence of at least one small apo(a) isoform was associated with ischemic stroke in men (p = 0.02) but not in women (p = 0.33). After allowance for age, gender and traditional vascular risk factors, subjects carrying at least one small apo(a) isoform were at increased risk of atherothrombotic stroke (odds ratio [OR] 7.1, 95% CI 2.8 to 17.5, p = 0.00001) but not of lacunar infarction (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.5 to 2.7, p = 0.78). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that in the atherothrombotic stroke group, the presence of at least one small-sized apo(a) phenotype was associated with an NIHSS score > or =6 (OR 13.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 111.9, p = 0.015).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small apolipoprotein (a) isoforms distinguish atherothrombotic stroke from lacunar infarction and are associated with the severity of atherothrombotic stroke.
authors.affiliation: Cerebrovascular Unit, Mondino Foundation, IRCCS C. Mondino, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zambrelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Emanuele
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marcheselli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Montagna
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Geroldi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Micieli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015984:Causality; D003955:Diagnostic Tests, Routine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002537:Intracranial Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010641:Phenotype; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000097:blood; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000503:physiopathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D020033:Protein Isoforms