title: Vertebral fracture and bone mineral density in women receiving high dose glucocorticoids for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the factors influencing the occurrence of vertebral fracture in patients receiving high dose glucocorticoids (GC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was performed on women who had received at least 0.5 mg/kg of oral glucocorticoid for the treatment of autoimmune diseases for more than 1 month between 1998 and 2003. Logistic regression analysis and chi-square test were used to examine the effects of glucocorticoid dose and other factors on vertebral fractures. Receiver-operating characteristics curve (ROC) analysis was used to determine the bone mineral density (BMD) cutoff value for the risk of vertebral fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study population comprised 160 women, including 35 with vertebral fractures. In ROC analysis, the BMD threshold of the risk of fracture for postmenopausal women (0.787 g/cm2 , T score -2.1) was lower than that for premenopausal women (0.843 g/cm2 , T score -1.7). Among patients with fractures, 7 of 16 premenopausal patients had normal BMD values (T score > -1), whereas only one of 19 postmenopausal patients showed a comparable level of BMD. Additionally, vertebral fracture was more frequent for patients with high total cholesterol values (> 280 mg/dl) than for those with normal total cholesterol values (< 220 mg/dl). Moreover, patients with high total cholesterol values had lower BMD values than those with normal total cholesterol values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fact that vertebral fracture frequently occurred in premenopausal patients with normal BMD and evidence that hyperlipidemia correlated with fracture suggest the pathology of vertebral fracture secondary to high dose glucocorticoid therapy is multifactorial and possibly involves lipid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. kumagais@kobe-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawano
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: Shigeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inokuma
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaburaki
authors.forename: Hideto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kameda
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suwa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagiyama
authors.forename: Shunsei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohata
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids