title: Cost of severe haemophilia in Toronto.
abstract: Our objective was to determine costs and trends in treating boys with severe haemophilia A before our centre routinely used prophylaxis. One reviewer extracted data from patient charts to determine resource consumption for 17 boys with severe haemophilia A from 1978 to 1998 at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. Resources included factor concentrate, doctors and health care professionals (physiotherapists/social workers), tests (laboratory, radiological and diagnostic) and hospitalizations. Subgroup analysis on those patients infected with HIV and/or hepatitis were also performed. Costs in Canadian Dollars were taken from standard lists and discounted at 3%. Total average cost (range) 62 292 dollars (3339-121 738) per year patient(-1); the largest fraction, 59 910 dollars (3103-119 480), 96.2% was accounted for by factor VIII. Hospitalizations accounted for 1832 dollars (0-5217) per patient year(-1) including drugs, nursing care and stay. Doctor and health care professionals visits averaged 252 dollars (36-462) and 72 dollars (0-175) per patient year(-1), laboratory and other tests cost 201 dollars (22-377) and 26 dollars (2-60) per patient year(-1), respectively. The average number of bleeds was 12.9 (2.0-22.0) per patient year(-1), decreasing since 1977 by 0.68 per patient year(-1) (R(2) = 0.56). Hospitalizations averaged 0.22 (0-4) per patient year(-1), lasting 2.3 days. From 1984, hospitalizations decreased by 0.025 patient(-1) year(-1) (R(2) = 0.76). Concurrently, the average treatment costs increased by 5456 dollars patient(-1) year(-1) (R(2) = 0.81). Clotting factor concentrate cost per patient increased by 5521 dollars year(-1) (R(2) = 0.82). Patients with virally transmitted diseases had considerable higher costs. The cost per year was substantial. Costs increased with virally transmitted diseases. Number of bleeds and hospitalizations over the period of study decreased and costs increased because of factor use in secondary prophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmacoepidemiology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Heemstra
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zwaan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hemels
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Blanchette
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Einarson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005169:Factor VIII / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006295:Health Resources / Q000191:economics; D006403:Hematologic Tests / Q000191:economics; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario / Q000453:epidemiology; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: C078147:F8 protein, human; D005169:Factor VIII