title: [Extracorporeal single dose and radiographic dosage in image-controlled and fluoroscopic navigated pedicle screw implantation].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Goal of the current study was to compare radiation dose and fluoroscopy time of fluoroscopic computer assisted pedicle screw implantation versus the conventional technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each of 10 specimens two pedicle screws were placed using conventional technique (group 1) and two screws were inserted with fluoroscopic navigation system (group 2) contralateraly.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For implantation of two pedicle screws the mean radiation dose was 0.041 mSv in group 1 and 0.029 mSv in group 2. Fluoroscopy time was 34 seconds in group 1 and 25 seconds in group 2. The differences of radiation dose and fluoroscopy time for group 1 and 2 were statistically significant (radiation dose p = 0.00044, fluoroscopy time p = 0.00039).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We achieved significantly lower radiation dose and fluoroscopy time with fluoroscopic computer assisted pedicle screw implantation compared with the conventional technique. Concerning exposure to radiation for patients and personnel fluoroscopic navigated screw insertion is to favour.
authors.affiliation: Orthopädische Klinik der Universität Regensburg. o.linhardt@rheuma-ortho-zentrum.de
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Linhardt
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perlick
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lüring
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Plitz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grifka
mesh_terms: D001822:Body Burden; D001863:Bone Screws; D002102:Cadaver; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors