title: Incremental predictive value of carotid ultrasonography in the assessment of coronary risk in a cohort of asymptomatic type 2 diabetic subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Consensus guidelines recommend cardiovascular risk assessment as the initial step of primary prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incremental predictive value for coronary events conferred by carotid ultrasonography in addition to risk assessment by Framingham score and screening for silent myocardial ischemia in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively studied 229 patients free of any cardiovascular complication with at least one additional cardiovascular risk factor. At baseline, all patients had an exercise treadmill test, carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement, and coronary risk assessment by Framingham score. Cardiovascular events were registered during a 5-year follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age, carotid IMT, carotid plaques, number of risk factors, Framingham score, and suboptimal exercise electrocardiogram were associated with incident cardiovascular events (P < 0.05). Carotid IMT was an independent predictor of cardiovascular events (P = 0.045). The predictive value for coronary events was similar for carotid IMT and Framingham score as assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves. An improvement in risk prediction was conferred by addition of carotid IMT in a Cox model (global chi(2) increased from 14.1 to 18.1, P = 0.035).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective study confirms that carotid IMT is a marker of cardiovascular risk in this type 2 diabetic cohort, establishes that carotid IMT provides a similar predictive value for coronary events than Framingham score, and suggests that the combination of these two indexes significantly improves risk prediction for these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Unité 11, 28 Ave. Doyen Lépine, Hôpital Cardiovasculaire Louis Pradel, 69003 Lyon-Montchat, France. sophie.bernard@chu-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Sophie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sérusclat
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Targe
authors.forename: Sybil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Charrière
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Beaune
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthezène
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moulin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography