title: [Hand-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery: report of 45 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect and clinical application of hand-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients with urologic diseases underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery: radical nephrectomy was performed on 23 cases, simple nephrectomy on 9 cases, nephroureterectomy on 8 cases, excision of cysts of kidney on 3 cases, partial nephrectomy on 1 case, and upper pole heminephrectomy in duplex kidney on 1 case. The operation was performed by transperitoneal approach in 38 cases and by underwent and by retroperitoneal approach in 7 cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hand-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery were performed successfully on all patients. The mean operation time was 154.7 minutes (40 approximately 300 min), and the mean estimated blood loss was 100.4 ml (15 approximately 300 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss, faster recovery, hand-assisted laparoscopic renal surgery is worth popularizing in urologic clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China. xielp@zjuem.zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: Li-ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xiang-yi
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Shuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bo-hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Wei-ping
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Guo-guang
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Ge-ming
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yi-min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hui-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*