title: Influence of the type of load on the cervical spine: a study on Congolese bearers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cervical spine suffers degenerative changes with age and activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim is to study the cervical spine of African head bearers by analyzing clinical changes and radiographic degenerative signs in comparison with a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two groups of bearers, 28 bearers of heavy loads (50 to 60 kg) over short stretches and 33 bearers who carried bundles or lighter loads (30 to 35 kg) over long distances were clinically and radiographically examined and compared with a control group of 36 building industry workers who did not bear weights on their heads.
  
  
  METHODS
  We noted the age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), weight of load, years they had been working, width and length of the neck and any painful symptoms. We carried out a functional exploration of the cervical spine and a lateral radiograph of the cervical spine to assess degenerative changes and quantified the degenerative changes in the vertebral bodies and the discs. The angle of lordosis was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found more prolapsed discs (p < .01) in the heavy-load bearing group than in the control group. The heavy-load bearers had larger neck width (p < .01) and more disc herniations (p < .05) than the bundler bearers. The frequency of prolapsed discs was higher at C5-C6 and C6-C7 levels. The listhesis was more frequent among bundle bearers than in heavy-load bearers and control group. A correlation between the number of disc herniations and age (p < .01) and years of work (p < .05) was observed. When all the bearers were compared with the control group, the differences found were the number of prolapsed discs, stiffness in the neck and reported pain (p < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Load bearing on the head, particularly bearers of heavy loads, produced more radiographic degenerative signs, much stiffness in the neck and more reported pain than the control group.
authors.affiliation: CHR Monkole, Unit of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, B.P. 817 Kin XI Khinshasa/Mont Ngafula, RD Congo.
authors.forename: Juan Jose
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Echarri
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forriol
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000502:physiology*; D003223:Congo; D006801:Humans; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D011859:Radiography; D013997:Time Factors; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology