title: Expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases are major contributors in the breakdown and reconstitution of basement membranes and extracellular matrix in pathophysiological processes. We assessed the expression of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 in intestinal tissue of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resected tissue specimens from patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis and control tissue from patients with a colorectal carcinoma were used for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, zymography, activity assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of these matrix metalloproteinases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and more strongly matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and mRNA were markedly increased in inflammatory bowel disease tissues, with the highest levels in severely inflamed tissues. Immunohistochemistry showed that matrix metalloproteinase-2 was present in the extracellular matrix of the submucosa, with a lower but more generalised expression in the severely inflamed regions. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was most prominent in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and was increased, also in activity, in all inflammatory bowel disease tissues. An increased matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in the extracellular matrix was observed in relation to the severity of inflammation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 are enhanced in the intestinal tissue and seem to be actively involved in the inflammatory and remodelling processes in inflammatory bowel disease, without major differences between CD and UC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, C4-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: M J W
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Meijer
authors.forename: F J G M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kubben
authors.forename: C F M
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Sier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kruidenier
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Duijn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van Hogezand
authors.forename: C B H W
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lamers
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Verspaget
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000201:enzymology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017931:DNA Primers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000201:enzymology*; D007422:Intestines / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000201:enzymology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9