title: Additivity of pilocarpine to bimatoprost in ocular hypertension and early glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine if the intraocular pressure (IOP) effect of pilocarpine at various concentrations is additive to that of bimatoprost and to assess the tolerability of this combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, prospective trial of patients with IOP > 21 mm Hg following appropriate medication washout. For all visits IOP was measured at 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM. Following baseline visit (#1), bimatoprost 0.03% was instilled qhs OU through visit 6. Following visits 2, 3, and 4 pilocarpine (2%, 4%, 6%) was instilled qid in one randomly selected eye. Pilocarpine was discontinued after visit 5 and bimatoprost after visit 6. Two-tailed, paired t test was used to compare treated and contralateral eyes for their IOP, IOP change, percentage IOP change from baseline, and to compare IOP in the same eye at 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM (before and after pilocarpine administration). IOPs using bimatoprost alone or in combination with various pilocarpine concentrations were compared using single variant Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients were enrolled and 13 patients completed the study. Bimatoprost reduced IOP 28.7% to 30.5% (P < 0.0001) from baseline to visit 2. IOPs in eyes treated with bimatoprost alone or with bimatoprost and various pilocarpine concentrations were similar (P > 0.81, ANOVA). The IOP (P > 0.17) and percentage IOP change from baseline (P > 0.10) was similar in treated and contralateral eyes with all three strengths of pilocarpine. IOP values at 9:00 AM and 11:00 AM, before and after pilocarpine administration, were similar (P > 0.22).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bimatoprost alone reduces IOP substantially. Pilocarpine added to bimatoprost at concentrations of 2%, 4%, or 6% was neither additive nor antagonistic to the ocular hypotensive efficacy of bimatoprost.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Ashish
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toor
authors.forename: Raul A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Chanis
authors.forename: Lee A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Polikoff
authors.forename: Magid M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Fahim
authors.forename: Anshu P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: Janet B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Serle
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069580:Bimatoprost; D003008:Cloprostenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D008055:Lipids; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine; D003008:Cloprostenol; D000069580:Bimatoprost