title: The potential impact of prophylaxis against bronchiolitis due to the respiratory syncytial virus in children with congenital cardiac malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the number of infants in the Mersey and North West regions with congenital cardiac disease for whom palivizumab may be appropriate, and to examine the potential impact of introducing prophylaxis with palivizumab on these patients and their economic management.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified those infants deemed to be at high risk, matching the population recently studied by the Cardiac Synagis Group, from the database of the cardiology department of the hospital. The number of patients under the care of the paediatric cardiologists admitted to Alder Hey Hospital with respiratory syncytial viral bronchiolitis over the last three seasons was identified from hospital coding records, and the database of the cardiology department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are 131 patients at high risk each year. Of these, over the last three "bronchiolitis seasons", 39 infants have been admitted to the hospital with bronchiolitis due to the respiratory syncytial virus. This represents a hospitalisation rate of 10 per cent, as was seen in the study of the Cardiac Synagis Group. Using a monthly dose of 15 milligrams per kilogram for five doses, the cost per patient is 2,650 pounds sterling for the season. To treat the 131 patients seen at Alder Hey, therefore, would cost 346,800 pounds each year. Applying the reductions in hospitalisation identified in the study by the Cardiac Synagis Group to our population would produce an expected reduction in patients hospitalised from 13 to 7 per year, reducing the total length of stay in our hospital wards from 169 to 76 days, and in the paediatric intensive care unit from 93 to 21 days. This amounts to a potential saving of 190,800 pounds per year. Reducing transfers to more distant paediatric intensive care units for referrals refused because of lack of beds could save an additional 50,000 pounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We estimate the net cost of introducing palivizumab for this population to be 106,000 pounds per year. There would, of course, be additional costs involved in setting up this service, as well as additional savings and benefits. This cost is comparable with other new biologic therapies now routinely used in the United Kingdom, such as etanercept for juvenile arthritis. There are, currently, no other obvious therapies that have the potential to reduce admissions to hospital and intensive care during the winter months, when beds are at their most scarce.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Alder Hey Hospital, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. ojrackham@doctors.org.uk
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Rackham
authors.forename: Kentigern
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thorburn
authors.forename: Steve J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kerr
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000821:virology*; D017046:Cost Savings; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D016527:Drug Costs; D004739:England; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006757:Hospital Units / Q000191:economics; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric / Q000191:economics; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000191:economics; D000069455:Palivizumab; D010343:Patient Admission / Q000191:economics; D010360:Patient Transfer / Q000191:economics; D018357:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000069455:Palivizumab