title: Immunosuppression with cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil after penetrating high-risk keratoplasty: a retrospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Graft-prognosis after penetrating high-risk keratoplasty has improved considerably with the use of systemic immunosuppressive medications. In this retrospective investigation we analyzed the long-term results of 417 high-risk keratoplasties with systemic immunosuppression (cyclosporine A [CsA] or mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 417 high-risk keratoplasties with postoperative systemic immunosuppression were evaluated retrospectively: CsA has been given in 252 keratoplasties since 1987, aiming at blood trough levels of 120 to 150 ng/mL. Systemic MMF at a daily dose of 2 x 1 g was administered in 149 surgical procedures. After 16 high-risk keratoplasties, combined systemic immunosuppression with CsA and MMF was administered. Systemic immunosuppression was scheduled for 6 to 12 months. All patients received fluocortolone 1 mg/kg body weight per day, tapered over 3 weeks, and topical prednisolone acetate 1%, tapered over 5 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rejection-free graft survival after 1 year was 75% in the CsA group and 89% in the MMF group; 60% of the grafts in the CsA group and 72% of the grafts in the MMF group were rejection-free 3 years postoperatively (Kaplan-Meier log-rank test P=0.03). Clear graft survival after 1 and 3 years was 92% and 77% (CsA) and 96% and 87% (MMF), respectively. The MMF-treated patients showed fewer side effects than the CsA-treated patients. The side effects attributable to both drugs were reversible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a statistically significant, stronger effect of MMF compared with CsA in preventing immune reactions after high-risk keratoplasty, despite a shorter MMF administration compared with CsA. Both systemic immunosuppressants were shown to have comparable potency regarding clear graft survival and were well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Eye Hospital, Albert-Ludwigs University, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Birnbaum
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Böhringer
authors.forename: Yevgenia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sokolovska
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sundmacher
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reinhard
mesh_terms: D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046148:Donor Selection; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D015948:Keratoplasty, Penetrating; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid