title: Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding for the treatment of adolescent morbid obesity in the United States: a safe alternative to gastric bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morbid obesity (MO) has reached epidemic proportions and is a major health problem in developed nations. In the adolescent with MO, early intervention can minimize obesity-related comorbidities, avoid premature mortality, improve quality of life, and prevent obesity-related diseases as these patients mature into adulthood. The primary surgical treatment of adolescent patients meeting National Institutes of Health criteria for bariatric surgery has been the gastric bypass (GB). Although GB has led to weight loss and improvement of comorbid conditions, concerns remain over the high incidence of postoperative complications and life-style-altering long-term sequelae of gastrointestinal tract reconstruction. Based on the excellent results from international adult series as well as the authors' own experience of more than 300 adult patients, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) as an alternative to GB to eligible adolescents was offered.
  
  
  METHODS
  After medical, psychologic, and nutritional screening, 4 patients (ages 17-19 years) with a body mass index of 40 or more (range, 40-61) who failed medical attempts at weight loss were selected for LAGB.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The operative time was 40 to 90 minutes. All patients were discharged on the day of surgery. There were no early complications. One patient had cholecystitis 6 months after surgery requiring laparoscopic cholecystectomy. For the 4 patients, the amount of excess weight loss was 57% at 30 months, 34% at 12 months, 87% at 7 months, and 15% at 4 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this preliminary series of the US experience in the use of LAGB for the management of adolescents with MO, the lack of operative morbidity, short operative time/hospital stay, and encouraging initial weight loss mirror the adult experience and illustrate that the LAGB is a safe and effective alternative to GB. These encouraging results support further evaluation of LAGB as a surgical option in a comprehensive adolescent weight loss program.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horgan
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Holterman
authors.forename: Garth R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Allen F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Ai-Xuan L
authors.initials: AX
authors.lastname: Holterman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015391:Gastroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States