Differences in food intake and exercise by smoking status in adolescents.
BACKGROUND
Smoking, diet, and lack of exercise are the top preventable causes of death in the United States. Some 23% of high school students currently smoke and many teens do not meet Healthy People 2010 standards for healthy eating or physical activity. This study examined the relationship between smoking and the consumption of fruit, vegetables, milk/dairy products and the frequency of exercise in 10,635 Virginia youth.


METHODS
Survey data were collected from middle school (MS; n = 8022) and high school (HS; n = 2613) adolescents participating in youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs. Data were analyzed using chi-square bivariate tests and multivariate regression models.


RESULTS
Smokers were significantly less likely than nonsmokers to exercise > or = 3x week and to consume > or = 1 serving/day of vegetables or milk/dairy products. This was more evident in high school than middle school students and in females compared to males. In both HS and MS, a dose-response relationship was detected with higher level smoking associated with lower frequency of eating specified food and exercise.


CONCLUSIONS
Smoking is associated with compromised intake of healthy food and exercise. To decrease incident cases of chronic disease later in life, new tailored, innovative interventions are needed that address multiple health behaviors in youth.
Wilson
Diane B
DB
Department of Internal Medicine, and Massey Cancer Center, PO Box 980306, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0306, USA. dbwilson@vcu.edu
Smith
Brian N
BN
Speizer
Ilene S
IS
Bean
Melanie K
MK
Mitchell
Karen S
KS
Uguy
L Samy
LS
Fries
Elizabeth A
EA
D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D013334:Students; D014675:Vegetables