title: Prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the independent and interdependent prognostic value of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in carcinoma of breast in our female population and its association with pathologic variables and disease outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Section of Histopathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, Karachi from January 1992 to December 1997.
  
  
  METHODS
  All cases diagnosed with invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) of breast with lymph nodes sampling were included. The expression of PCNA was analyzed on tumor specimens of IDC breast. These patients also had axillary lymph node sampling. The expression of PCNA protein was analyzed immunohistochemically by PAP technique. Patients were followed for a median duration of 48 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of PCNA positive tumor cells was estimated semi-quantitatively. Positivity was seen in every case, mean PCNA positivity was 27% (range 10-80) with a median of 28%. The <25% positivity was seen in 149 (47%) cases, and >25% positivity seen in 166 (53%) cases. According to the pathological grading lowest mean PCNA was seen in grade-I i.e., 26% tumor cells showed nuclear reactivity to PCNA followed by grade-II 30% and grade-III 33%. PCNA categorical expression was significantly correlated with histological differentiation, (p<0.05) and tumor size (p<0.01). Distant metastases were seen in>25% positive cases (p<0.05). PCNA expression when correlated with overall survival, showed significant correlation between categorical PCNA (p<0.05). At a median follow-up of 48 months, 66% of <25 PCNA positive patients died with an overall survival of 3.16 years and disease-free survival of 2.5 years, among >25% PCNA positive patients 77% died with an overall survival of 2.7 years and a disease-free survival of 2.2 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study PCNA proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in predicting disease-free and overall survival in breast carcinoma patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Microbiology, The Aga Khan University, P.O. Box 3500, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan.
authors.forename: Syed Abdul
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Shahid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pervez
authors.forename: Shaista M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Naila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kayani
authors.forename: Muhammad Israr
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nasir
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen