title: Kidney graft function determines endothelial progenitor cell number in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Circulating bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote vascular repair, and their number correlates with endothelial function and cardiovascular risk in humans. In uremic patients, the number of functionally active EPCs is reduced. Thus, we assessed EPCs in stable patients 6 months or more after renal transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed circulating CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) using flow cytometry and EPCs (in vitro assay) in 74 renal transplant patients (51.6+/-11.5 years; 46 males), 74 age-matched healthy subjects, and 29 patients with preterminal renal failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EPC numbers were similar in renal transplant recipients and controls (232+/-92 vs. 250+/-103/high power field; n.s.), but were significantly higher than in uremic patients (160+/-97/high power field; P=0.004). In addition, transplant recipients had more HPCs than controls (2.71+/-1.65 vs. 1.99+/-1.12 /microl; P=0.004) and uremic patients (1.64+/-0.96/microl; P=0.001). EPCs in renal transplant recipients correlated significantly with graft function(that is, Cockcroft-Gault clearance [r=0.294; P=0.012]), but not with age or HPCs. Moreover, in the multiple regression analysis, graft function (r=0.332; P=0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (r=-0.278; P=0.03) were independent predictors of EPCs. In vitro, sera from renal transplant recipients with poor graft function significantly inhibited EPC differentiation compared with sera from patients with a clearance above 50 mL/min (151+/-54 vs. 274+/-94 EPCs/high power field; P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPC numbers in stable renal transplant recipients are comparable to those found in healthy subjects. In addition, graft function is a significant determinant of EPCs. Prospective studies should explore whether improvement of EPCs influences cardiovascular risk in renal transplant recipients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany. groot.kirsten.de@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: de Groot
authors.forename: Ferdinand H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bahlmann
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bahlmann
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Menne
authors.forename: Hermann
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haller
authors.forename: Danilo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fliser
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002452:Cell Count; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*