title: Context of care or provider training: the impact on preventive screening practices.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While MD adherence to U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines has been found to be uneven, nurse practitioners (NPs) and their adherence to guidelines have not been closely examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of new patients (n = 1339) in an NP primary health care center, four MD primary health care centers, and one private NP practice. Screening and counseling were compared for NPs and MDs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When patient populations, resources, and administrative policies were similar in the NP and MD primary health care centers, NPs were more likely than MDs to perform primary prevention; however, MDs were more likely to document the delivery of secondary prevention screening. Private practice NPs' performance was more congruent with practice guidelines than either NP or MD primary health care center providers. Private practice NPs were more likely to perform screening, assessment, and counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When context, patient population, and productivity requirements were the same, NPs and MDs differed in their use of preventive measures, and not as expected. When NPs are not constrained by productivity requirements, and when their patient population has more resources and higher expectations, NPs perform better than their primary care center counterparts, particularly in secondary prevention and assessment and counseling.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University School of Nursing, 630 West 168th Street, Mailbox 6, New York, NY 10032, USA. sh754@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Sarah C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Lenz
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Pontes
authors.forename: Susan X
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Mary O'Neil
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Mundinger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003376:Counseling / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005194:Family Practice / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000193:education / Q000592:standards*; D009731:Nursing Audit; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011315:Preventive Medicine / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012308:Risk Management / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D017749:Total Quality Management; D014481:United States