title: Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individual counselling from a smoking cessation specialist may help smokers to make a successful attempt to stop smoking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the review is to determine the effects of individual counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group Specialized Register for studies with counsel* in any field. Date of the most recent search: December 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized or quasi-randomized trials with at least one treatment arm consisting of face-to-face individual counselling from a healthcare worker not involved in routine clinical care. The outcome was smoking cessation at follow up at least six months after the start of counselling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Both authors extracted data. The intervention and population, method of randomization and completeness of follow up were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 21 trials with over 7000 participants. Eighteen trials compared individual counselling to a minimal behavioural intervention, four compared different types or intensities of counselling. Individual counselling was more effective than control. The odds ratio for successful smoking cessation was 1.56 (95% confidence interval 1.32 to 1.84). In a subgroup of three trials where all participants received nicotine replacement therapy the point estimate of effect was smaller and did not reach significance (odds ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 0.98 to 1.83). We failed to detect a greater effect of intensive counselling compared to brief counselling (odds ratio 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation counselling can assist smokers to quit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Health Care, Oxford University, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK, OX3 7LF. tim.lancaster@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Stead
mesh_terms: D001521:Behavior Therapy; D003376:Counseling; D006801:Humans; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention