title: Vinpocetine blockade of sodium channels inhibits the rise in sodium and calcium induced by 4-aminopyridine in synaptosomes.
abstract: The objective of this study was to get a more understandable picture of the mechanism underlying the anticonvulsant action of vinpocetine. The question of how the cerebral excitability is affected was investigated by determining the effect of vinpocetine on the changes on the internal concentrations of Na(+) (Na(i)) and Ca(2+) (Ca(i)) induced by different concentrations of the convulsing agent 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) in striatal isolated nerve endings. The cytosolic concentrations of Na(i) and Ca(i) were detected fluorimetrically with sodium-binding benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) and fura-2, respectively. Vinpocetine, like the Na(+) channel blocker, tetrodotoxin, abolished the increase in Na(i) induced by 0.1 mM 4-AP and only inhibited in 30% the rise in Na(i) induced by 1mM 4-AP. In contrast with the different sensitivity of the rise in Na(i) induced by 0.1 and 1mM 4-AP to vinpocetine and tetrodotoxin, the rise in Ca(i) induced by the two concentrations of 4-AP was markedly inhibited by vinpocetine (and tetrodotoxin), indicating that only the voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC)-mediated fraction of the rise in Na(i) induced by 4-AP is linked with the activation of pre-synaptic Ca(2+) channels. The elevation of Ca(2+) induced by high K(+) (30 mM) does not require a Na(+) gradient and is vinpocetine and tetrodotoxin insensitive. In contrast, the elevation of Ca(i) induced by 4-AP, requires a physiological (out/in) Na(+) gradient and is vinpocetine and tetrodotoxin-sensitive. It is concluded that by blocking the tetrodotoxin-sensitive fraction of the rise in Na(i) induced by 4-AP, vinpocetine inhibits the concomitant rise in Ca(i) induced by 4-AP. The inhibitory effect of vinpocetine on pre-synaptic voltage-sensitive sodium channels may underlie the in vivo anticonvulsant action of vinpocetine.
authors.affiliation: Departmento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, México, D.F., México.
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sitges
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Galván
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nekrassov
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000737:chemistry; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015222:Sodium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013570:Synaptic Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D015220:Calcium Channels; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers; D026941:Sodium Channel Blockers; D015222:Sodium Channels; D014748:Vinca Alkaloids; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C013983:vinpocetine; D012964:Sodium; D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D002118:Calcium