title: Immunologic pathways in a quantitative model of immunosuppression based on rejection of an allogeneic or xenogeneic tumor graft.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A quantitative model of immunosuppression was previously developed based on the rejection of the allogeneic A/J murine tumor sarcoma 1 (Sa1) in immunocompetent mice. Here, the model is used to evaluate the immunologic mechanisms of graft rejection and to determine the potential of this model to detect synergistic effects of combined immunosuppressive therapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wild-type, genetically-deficient, or drug-treated mice were used. Mice were challenged subcutaneously with the allogeneic murine tumor cell line, Sa1, or with the xenogenic human tumor, MDA435. Tumor growth was monitored with time, with increasing tumor size reflecting greater immunosuppression. In some cases, the mice were presensitized with either Sa1 or with A/J splenocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In naïve recipient mice, studies in major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I-deficient mice and with depleting anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (mAb) demonstrate that CD8 T cells are important for Sa1 rejection. A modest role for perforin but not for Fas/Fas ligand could be demonstrated. Blockade of CD4 T cells was more effective with decreasing histocompatibility barriers. In contrast, CD4 T cells were critical in second-set rejections, but CD8 T cells were not. Rejection of xenogeneic tumors was also T-cell dependent as demonstrated by anti-CD3 mAb, dependent on both CD4 and CD8 T cells as demonstrated using MHC-I- and MHC-II-deficient mice, but was more vigorous as demonstrated by the lack of effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs in this model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model can be used to define dominant and partial effects of immunologic pathways as well as synergistic interactions of agents to develop immunosuppressive strategies.
authors.affiliation: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammond-McKibben
authors.forename: Muriel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saulnier
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Risher
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: Marla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weetall
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D054353:Perforin; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000276:immunology*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D054353:Perforin