title: Psychological distress in spouses of men treated for early-stage prostate carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The authors examined levels and predictors of psychological distress in the wives of men treated for early-stage prostate carcinoma (PCa).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with PCa (N = 165) and spouses were interviewed to assess general and cancer-specific distress. Social and intrapersonal factors of spouses as well as clinical characteristics and quality of life of patients were assessed as potential predictors of spouses' distress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spouses reported more cancer-specific distress than did patients (P < 0.001), but did not differ from patients in general distress. Several spouse-reported factors predicted higher spouses' distress, including less education (P < 0.005), worse marriage quality and less social support (Ps < 0.005), more negative social interaction with the patient (Ps < 0.001), lower self-esteem (Ps < 0.001), less positive coping (Ps < 0.005), searching for meaning (P < 0.001), not finding meaning (P < 0.005), and greater illness uncertainty (Ps < 0.001). Patients' bowel function and mental health also predicted greater spouses' distress (Ps < 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicated that overall distress in spouses of early-stage patients with PCa was modest, and it was more likely to be predicted by psychosocial than medical factors.
authors.affiliation: Center on Outcomes, Research, and Education, Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Evanston, Illinois 60201, USA. d-eton@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: David T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Eton
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lepore
authors.forename: Vicki S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Helgeson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D003710:Demography; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological