title: Development and preliminary evaluation of the VPS ReplaySuite: a virtual double-headed microscope for pathology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Advances in computing and telecommunications have resulted in the availability of a range of online tools for use in pathology training and quality assurance. The majority focus on either enabling pathologists to examine and diagnose cases, or providing image archives that serve as reference material. Limited emphasis has been placed on analysing the diagnostic process used by pathologists to reach a diagnosis and using this as a resource for improving diagnostic performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ReplaySuite is an online pathology software tool that presents archived virtual slide examinations to pathologists in an accessible video-like format, similar to observing examinations with a double-headed microscope. Delivered through a customized web browser, it utilises PHP (Hypertext PreProcessor) to interact with a remote database and retrieve data describing virtual slide examinations, performed using the Virtual Pathology Slide (VPS). To demonstrate the technology and conduct a preliminary evaluation of pathologists opinions on its potential application in pathology training and quality assurance, 70 pathologists were invited to use the application to review their own and other pathologists examinations of 10 needle-core breast biopsies and complete an electronic survey. 9 pathologists participated, and all subsequently completed an exit survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those who replayed an examination by another pathologist, 83.3% (5/6) agreed that replays provided an insight into the examining pathologists diagnosis and 33.3% (2/6) reconsidered their own diagnosis for at least one case. Of those who reconsidered their original diagnosis, all re-classified either concordant with group consensus or original glass slide diagnosis. 77.7% (7/9) of all participants, and all 3 participants who replayed more than 10 examinations stated the ReplaySuite to be of some or great benefit in pathology training and quality assurance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Participants conclude the ReplaySuite to be of some or of great potential benefit to pathology training and quality assurance and consider the ReplaySuite to be beneficial in evaluating the diagnostic trace of an examination. The ReplaySuite removes temporal and spatial issues that surround the use of double-headed microscopes by allowing examinations to be reviewed at different times and in different locations to the original examination. While the evaluation set was limited and potentially subject to bias, the response of participants was favourable. Further work is planned to determine whether use of the ReplaySuite can result in improved diagnostic ability.
authors.affiliation: Medical Informatics Group, School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. daniel.johnston2@mail.dcu.ie
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dervan
authors.forename: Daniel G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: O'Shea
mesh_terms: D001109:Archives; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet / Q000295:instrumentation; D008853:Microscopy; D015588:Observer Variation; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D019113:Telepathology; D014584:User-Computer Interface