title: Classification conundrums in paroxysmal dyskinesias: a new subtype or variations on classic themes?
abstract: Paroxysmal movement disorders are a group of heterogeneous entities that have been categorized based on their most salient features. The four classic categories of paroxysmal dyskinesias are kinesigenic, nonkinesigenic, hypnogenic, and exercise-induced. The phenotypic variability of these disorders, coupled with new insights into their possible etiologies, has made the task of classification increasingly problematic. We describe 4 cases that do not fit easily into the current classification scheme, compare them with four others recently described in the literature, and raise the question as to whether they constitute a new subtype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pourfar
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guerrini
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parain
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Frucht
mesh_terms: D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002819:Chorea / Q000145:classification* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants