title: Activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) items were stable over time in a longitudinal study on aging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this analysis was to examine the stability over time of the activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) items in the Aging in Manitoba (AIM) Longitudinal Study and to evaluate the existence of differential item functioning across settings (home, nursing home).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used data from 607 participants of the AIM Longitudinal Study who were more than 85 years of age in 1996 and who had complete data from 1983, 1990, and 1996 for all ADL and IADL items. Rasch analysis was used to examine how the rating scale of the ADL and IADL items was used by participants, and to determine if the ordering of items remained stable across three time periods (1983, 1990, 1996) and the two different settings (home, nursing home).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rating scale worked best when dichotomized into "received no assistance" and "receives assistance." Except for four items (making tea, making meals, doing nursing care, and going outside in any weather), the items were stable across administration periods, and across settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AIM can be used to evaluate changes in disability over time and may have the potential to identify those at risk for transitions in care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Illinois at Chicago (MC 811), 1919 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. marciaf@uic.edu
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: Trudy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mallinson
authors.forename: Vanessa M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Barbosa
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods; D006699:Home Care Services; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009735:Nursing Homes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020377:Self Efficacy