title: Increased ambulatory pulse pressure is a strong risk factor for coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was aimed to determine the relationship between pulse pressure (PP) and coronary vasomotor dysfunction, a predictor of coronary events.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Pulse pressure is a strong risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the mechanisms by which an increase in PP affects the pathogenesis of CAD are unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring for 24 h was performed in 103 consecutive patients with normal coronary angiograms (51 hypertensive and 52 normotensive; age 42 to 70 years). The relationship between changes in coronary arterial diameter and blood flow during an intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) (5, 10, 50 microg/min), and BP parameters, and other traditional risk factors was evaluated using univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With multivariate analyses, the 24-h PP showed an inverse correlation with the epicardial coronary dilator response to ACh independently of other covariates including age, smoking, and 24-h systolic BP in normotensive as well as hypertensive patients. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that the 24-h PP was inversely and independently correlated with the increase in coronary blood flow in response to ACh. The dilator response of epicardial coronary arteries to nitrate was not significantly correlated with 24-h PP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased 24-h PP is independently associated with endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in conduit and resistance coronary arteries irrespective of the presence of hypertension. Increased ambulatory PP may have an intimate relation to coronary endothelial vasomotor dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine II, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ichigi
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umetani
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Jyun-ei
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitta
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mende
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kiyotaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kugiyama
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017078:Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000109:Acetylcholine