title: Amine fluoride/stannous fluoride and chlorhexidine mouthwashes as adjuncts to single-stage dental implants: a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The growing popularity of non-submerged dental implants in recent years requires a greater emphasis on microbial plaque control. Chlorhexidine (CHX), the most commonly used mouthwash in implant surgery, is sometimes associated with tooth staining and alteration in taste perception. Amine fluoride/stannous fluoride (AmF/SnF2) mouthwash has been shown to have anti-infective properties; however, it has not been tested as an adjunct anti-infective means in non-submerged dental implants. The purpose of this trial was to compare AmF/SnF2 and CHX mouthwashes as adjuncts to single-stage dental implants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three patients aged 34 to 79 (mean 54.30 +/- 8.69 SD) requiring dental implants were accepted into the study. Following comprehensive periodontal therapy patients received one to three non-submerged dental implants (maxilla: 17; mandible: 45; anterior: 3, posterior: 59). After surgery patients were given analgesics and antibiotics as well as 2,400 ml of coded mouthwash bottles previously randomized between the two above mentioned formulations. Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and 3 and 12 months post-surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve-month survival rates were 100% and 92.9% for the AmF/SnF2 and CHX groups, respectively. Compliance was slightly higher in the AmF/SnF2 group (84.35% +/- 3.39% versus 78.15% +/- 4.59% SE) but statistically similar. There was no statistically significant difference between the AmF/SnF2 and CHX groups in staining index at 3 months (1.519 +/- 0.22 versus 1.457 +/- 0.24 SE) and patient subjective evaluation of the mouthwashes. Radiographic bone loss was 0.79 +/- 0.23 and 1 +/- 0.13 SE at 3 months and 1.06 +/- 0.13 and 1.27 +/- 0.25 at 12 months for the CHX and AmF/SnF2 groups, respectively; the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.388 and 0.504, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both CHX and AmF/SnF2 mouthwashes can be used post-surgically after one-stage implant surgery.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Periodontology, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. j_horwitz@rambam.health.gov.il
authors.forename: Jacob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Horwitz
authors.forename: Eli E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Machtei
authors.forename: Otman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zuabi
authors.forename: Micha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peled
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015921:Dental Implants; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005460:Fluorides, Topical / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000502:physiology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014002:Tin Fluorides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014945:Wound Healing
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D015921:Dental Implants; D005460:Fluorides, Topical; D009067:Mouthwashes; D014002:Tin Fluorides; C094808:amine fluoride solution