Non-replicating viral vector-based AIDS vaccines: interplay between viral vectors and the immune system.
During the past 20 years, the development of HIV vaccines has come a long way. The focus has progressively changed from the traditional protein-based HIV vaccines that induce humoral immunity to the live recombinant viral vector-based HIV vaccines capable of eliciting both cellular and humoral immune responses. These new viral vector-based vaccines encoding multiple HIV antigens, delivered either alone or in heterologous prime-boost modalities elicited antigen-specific CTL responses in immunized hosts and protected animals from disease. The viral vector-based vaccines have proven to be potent vaccines in pre-clinical studies and foster the hope to put an end to the ever-increasing threat of the AIDS epidemic. Several unique features of viral vector-based HIV vaccines have contributed to their success, including their intrinsic immune-modulating properties, high transduction efficiency, and in vivo production of immunogens within the cell mimicking a natural infection without the associated health risks. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics of non-replicating viral vectors most commonly used for HIV vaccines with a particular focus on immune responses elicited by the vector particles alone and their effect on the potency of viral vector-based HIV vaccines.
Sauter
Sybille L
SL
La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine, San Diego CA 92121, USA.
Rahman
Amena
A
Muralidhar
Girija
G
D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D028121:Canarypox virus; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004267:DNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D012328:RNA Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000235:genetics; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus; D014765:Viral Vaccines
D016915:AIDS Vaccines; C483360:MVA-HIV-1 nef vaccine; C078787:NYVAC vaccine; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014765:Viral Vaccines