title: Virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ cytotoxic T-cell responses and long-term T-cell memory in individuals vaccinated against polio.
abstract: The presence of poliovirus (PV)-specific CD4(+) T cells in individuals vaccinated against polio has been shown, but CD8(+) T-cell responses have not been described. Here, we functionally characterize the CD4(+) T-cell response and show for the first time that dendritic cells and macrophages can stimulate PV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses in vitro from vaccinees. Both CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells secrete gamma interferon in response to PV antigens and are cytotoxic via the perforin/granzyme B-mediated pathway. Furthermore, the T cells also recognize and kill Sabin 1 vaccine-infected targets. The macrophage-stimulated CD4(+) T and CD8(+) T cells most likely represent memory T cells that persist for long periods in vaccinated individuals. Thus, immunity to PV vaccination involves not only an effective neutralizing antibody titer but also long-term CD4(+) and CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Slot 511, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. chowmarie@uams.edu
authors.forename: Rahnuma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wahid
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cannon
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chow
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D054353:Perforin; D011051:Poliomyelitis / Q000276:immunology*; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral / Q000276:immunology*; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D013045:Species Specificity; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011055:Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral; D052899:Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins; D054353:Perforin; D007371:Interferon-gamma