title: TGF-beta 1 attenuates the acquisition and expression of effector function by tumor antigen-specific human memory CD8 T cells.
abstract: TGF-beta1 is a potent immunoregulatory cytokine. However, its impact on the generation and effector function of Ag-specific human effector memory CD8 T cells had not been evaluated. Using Ag-specific CD8 T cells derived from melanoma patients immunized with the gp100 melanoma Ag, we demonstrate that the addition of TGF-beta1 to the initial Ag activation cultures attenuated the gain of effector function by Ag-specific memory CD8 T cells while the phenotypic changes associated with activation and differentiation into effector memory were comparable to control cultures. These activated memory CD8 T cells consistently expressed lower mRNA levels for T-bet, suggesting a mechanism for TGF-beta1-mediated suppression of gain of effector function in memory T cells. Moreover, TGF-beta1 induced a modest expression of CCR7 on Ag-activated memory CD8 T cells. TGF-beta1 also suppressed cytokine secretion by Ag-specific effector memory CD8 T cells, as well as melanoma-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD8 T cell clones. These results demonstrate that TGF-beta1 suppresses not only the acquisition but also expression of effector function on human memory CD8 T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes reactive against melanoma, suggesting that TGF-beta1-mediated suppression can hinder the therapeutic benefits of vaccination, as well as immunotherapy in cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmadzadeh
authors.forename: Steven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002999:Clone Cells; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D016246:Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C548637:PMEL protein, human; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D058951:gp100 Melanoma Antigen