title: Sequence effect of docetaxel and carboplatin on toxicity, tumor response and pharmacokinetics in non-small-cell lung cancer patients: a phase I study of two sequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate sequence effects on toxicity, tumor response and pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and carboplatin, together with a determination of the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose for each schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 46 chemotherapy-naive patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were randomized to receive docetaxel before (schedule A) or after (schedule B) carboplatin. The dose levels studied were [docetaxel (mg/m(2))/carboplatin (mg x min/ml)] 50/5, 60/5, 60/6, 60/7, and 70/6. Treatment cycles were repeated every 3 or 4 weeks unless disease progression or undue toxicity occurred.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 46 patients, 44 were assessable for toxicity and received a total of 84 cycles. The major dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia. When the docetaxel dose was 60 mg/m(2), the carboplatin MTD was deemed to be AUC 7 in both schedules. When the docetaxel dose was escalated to 70 mg/m(2), the carboplatin MTD was reached in schedule A, and the dose-limiting toxicity was not observed in schedule B. Tumor response was observed in 4 of 22 patients (18%) with schedule A and 8 of 19 (42%) with schedule B. Clearances of both drugs were not affected by sequence: 111.2+/-26.8 ml/min and 107.8+/-29.0 ml/min for carboplatin (P=0.69), and 26.7+/-8.3 l/h and 22.8+/-7.0 l/h for docetaxel (P=0.19) in schedules A and B, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carboplatin AUC 6 followed by docetaxel 70 mg/m(2) was a favorable regimen for phase II study because of likely lower toxicity and a potentially higher response rate than the reverse sequence schedule. The mechanism of the sequence effects on toxicity and tumor response could not be explained by the pharmacokinetic interactions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Diseases, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saka
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Hironobu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuzuya
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shuzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimokata
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000077143:Docetaxel; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D016190:Carboplatin