title: [Secretion of middle ear in infants -- occurrence, recurrence and related factors].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study aimed at evaluating the occurrence and recurrence of middle ear secretion and possible associated factors in the first two years of life of 190 newborns and infants, participants in the interdisciplinary prevention, detection, and intervention program at the Clínica de Educação para Saúde of Universidade do Sagrado Coração.
  
  
  METHODS
  Newborns and infants were monthly submitted to anamnesis, otoscopy, behavioral hearing assessment using sound instruments and pure tones (pediatric audiometry) and tympanometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results revealed that 68.4% of infants presented one or more episodes of middle ear secretion during their two first years, with more recurrence among males. Peak occurrence was between four and 12 months of age and, the earlier the first episode, the higher the probability of recurrence. Greatest incidence was during May and August. It was found that, of the variables investigated, the period of exclusive breastfeeding actuated as a protector factor. With respect of risk factors, it was observed that passive smoking, gastro-esophageal reflux and respiratory allergy were related with the recurrences of effusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings revealed the importance of periodic auditory follow-up for infants during their first two years of life, considered to be the critical period of auditory system maturation, during which sensory deprivation can be responsible for damage to the development of speech, language and other auditory abilities.
authors.affiliation: Universidade do Sagrado Coração, Bauru, SP. sandrasaes@gmail.com
authors.forename: Sandra de O
authors.initials: Sde O
authors.lastname: Saes
authors.forename: Tamara B L
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Jair C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Montovani
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D001942:Breast Feeding; D004432:Ear, Middle / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D038781:Otoscopy; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution