title: Contributions of depressive mood and circulating inflammatory markers to coronary heart disease in healthy European men: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data on the possible association between depressive disorders and inflammatory markers are scarce and inconsistent. We investigated whether subjects with depressive mood had higher levels of a wide range of inflammatory markers involved in coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence and examined the contribution of these inflammatory markers and depressive mood to CHD outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We built a nested case-referent study within the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) study of healthy middle-aged men from Belfast and France. We considered the baseline plasma sample from 335 future cases (angina pectoris, nonfatal myocardial infarction, coronary death) and 670 matched controls (2 controls per case). Depressive mood characterized men whose baseline depression score (13-item modification of the Welsh depression subscale) was in the fourth quartile (mean score, 5.75; range, 4 to 12). On average, men with depressive mood had 46%, 16%, and 10% higher C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 levels, respectively, independently of case-control status, social characteristics, and classic cardiovascular risk factors; no statistical difference was found for fibrinogen. The odds ratios of depressive mood for CHD were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.73) in univariate analysis and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.04 to 2.15) after adjustment for social characteristics and classic cardiovascular risk factors. The latter odds ratio remained unchanged when each inflammatory marker was added separately, and in this analysis, each inflammatory marker contributed significantly to CHD event risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data support an association of depressive mood with inflammatory markers and suggest that depressive mood is related to CHD even after adjustment for these inflammatory markers.
authors.affiliation: INSERM Avenir, Epidemiology of Sudden Death in the Population, Villejuif, France. empana@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Empana
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sykes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luc
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Juhan-Vague
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Arveiler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ferrieres
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Amouyel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montaye
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Ruidavets
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jouven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ducimetiere
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D002097:C-Reactive Protein