title: Sphere formation and expression of neural proteins by human corneal stromal cells in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the presence of corneal stromal precursors that express neural markers in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  To isolate sphere-forming cells, human corneal stromal cells were subjected to a reaggregation-free neurosphere assay in medium containing methylcellulose gel matrix. To promote differentiation, the isolated sphere colonies were plated in wells with medium containing fetal bovine serum. Expression of nestin, vimentin, keratocan, alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), beta-III tubulin, neurofilament M (NFM), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was examined in the sphere colonies and their progeny (i.e., cells migrated from sphere colonies), by immunocytochemistry and/or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human corneal stromal cells formed sphere colonies that had no self-renewal capability. The frequency of sphere-forming cells was 1.5% +/- 0.1% (range, 1.3%-1.6%). Most of the cells within these colonies expressed nestin and vimentin, whereas some expressed beta-III tubulin, NFM, GFAP, and alphaSMA by immunocytochemistry. Ninety-one percent and 89% of the progeny expressed vimentin and alphaSMA, respectively, whereas nestin was undetectable. beta-III tubulin-, NFM-, and GFAP-positive cells were detected in the progeny at the frequency of 7.2%, 0.9%, and 0.5%, respectively. Semiquantitative RT-PCR showed that nestin, NFM, GFAP, and keratocan gene expression was higher in the sphere colonies, whereas vimentin and alphaSMA expression increased in the progeny.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adult human corneal stroma contains precursor cells that express neural markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo University School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. uchidas@rb3.so-net.ne.jp
authors.forename: Saiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Seiichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yokoo
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagi
authors.forename: Tomohiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Usui
authors.forename: Chinatsu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yokota
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Araie
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: Shiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Amano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins