title: Antifungal susceptibilities of Candida species causing vulvovaginitis and epidemiology of recurrent cases.
abstract: There are limited data regarding the antifungal susceptibility of yeast causing vulvovaginal candidiasis, since cultures are rarely performed. Susceptibility testing was performed on vaginal yeast isolates collected from January 1998 to March 2001 from 429 patients with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis. The charts of 84 patients with multiple positive cultures were reviewed. The 593 yeast isolates were Candida albicans (n = 420), Candida glabrata (n = 112), Candida parapsilosis (n = 30), Candida krusei (n = 12), Saccharomyces cerevisiae ( n = 9), Candida tropicalis (n = 8), Candida lusitaniae (n = 1), and Trichosporon sp. (n = 1). Multiple species suggesting mixed infection were isolated from 27 cultures. Resistance to fluconazole and flucytosine was observed infrequently (3.7% and 3.0%); 16.2% of isolates were resistant to itraconazole (MIC > or = 1 microg/ml). The four imidazoles (econazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and ketoconazole) were active: 94.3 to 98.5% were susceptible at < or =1 microg/ml. Among different species, elevated fluconazole MICs (> or = 16 microg/ml) were only observed in C. glabrata (15.2% resistant [R], 51.8% susceptible-dose dependent [S-DD]), C. parapsilosis (3.3% S-DD), S. cerevisiae (11.1% S-DD), and C. krusei (50% S-DD, 41.7% R, considered intrinsically fluconazole resistant). Resistance to itraconazole was observed among C. glabrata (74.1%), C. krusei (58.3%), S. cerevisiae (55.6%), and C. parapsilosis (3.4%). Among 84 patients with recurrent episodes, non-albicans species were more common (42% versus 20%). A > or = 4-fold rise in fluconazole MIC was observed in only one patient with C. parapsilosis. These results support the use of azoles for empirical therapy of uncomplicated candidal vulvovaginitis. Recurrent episodes are more often caused by non-albicans species, for which azole agents are less likely to be effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, C606 GH, Iowa City, IA 52242-1009, USA. sandra-richter@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Sandra S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Rudolph P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Galask
authors.forename: Shawn A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Messer
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hollis
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Diekema
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002181:Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007484:Iowa / Q000453:epidemiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D012008:Recurrence; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents