title: Expression of estrogen receptor alpha, retinoic acid receptor alpha and cellular retinoic acid binding protein II genes is coordinately regulated in human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Human breast cancer cell lines expressing the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) receptor alpha (RARalpha) and cellular retinoic acid binding protein II (CRABPII) genes are sensitive to ATRA-mediated growth inhibition. To study the relationship among ERalpha, RARalpha and CRABPII expression, the protein levels of each member were compared in five breast cancer cell lines (T47D, MCF-7, ZR-75-1, Hs587 T and MDA-MB-231 cells) and two immortalized nontumorigenic breast epithelial cell lines (MTSV1.7 and MCF-10A). ERalpha, RARalpha and CRABPII proteins were detected in T47D, MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells but not in other tested cell lines. RARalpha and CRABPII proteins were either reduced or undetectable in T47D/C4:2W and MCF-7/ADR cells with lost expression of ERalpha. Estradiol increased and anti-estrogens (tamoxifen and ICI 164,384) downregulated the expression of both RARalpha and CRABPII proteins in T47D and MCF-7 cells. RARalpha antagonist Ro-41-5253 inhibited CRABPII expression, but not RARalpha expression in estradiol-treated T47D and MCF-7 cells. Suppression of ERalpha by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced RARalpha and CRABPII gene expression and siRNA suppression of RARalpha reduced CRABPII expression while having no effect on ERalpha in T47D cells. Transient transfection of either RARalpha or ERalpha expression vectors increased CRABPII expression in MDA-MB-231 cells but only RARalpha, not ERalpha, activated hCRABPII promoter reporter. These results indicate that there is a gene activation pathway in which ERalpha drives RARalpha transcription and RARalpha drives CRABPII transcription in ERalpha-positive human breast cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mira-y-Lopez
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakajo
authors.forename: Kazuyasu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakaya
authors.forename: Yongkui
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D002839:Chromans / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D002839:Chromans; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; C082928:retinoic acid binding protein II, cellular; C084904:Ro 41-5253; D004958:Estradiol