title: Cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma of the liver: a single center experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Biliary cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas comprise 5% of cystic lesions in the liver. Cystadenomas are often incorrectly diagnosed as simple cysts, which results in inadequate therapy. Recurrence and possible malignant transformation are consequences of incomplete excision. Cystadenocarcinomas are very rare tumors that are felt to be biologically indolent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 18 cystadenomas and 4 cystadenocarcinomas treated at the Cleveland Clinic from July 1985 to November 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 18 patients with cystadenomas were women; mean age was 48 years. The majority (16 of 18) were symptomatic. Preoperative CT scans demonstrated cyst(s) with septations in all patients. Fifty-five percent had undergone prior intervention(s) to treat the cyst. Thirteen patients had complete excision of the cystadenoma, either by enucleation or liver resection. None of the patients developed recurrent cystadenomas (mean followup 37 months). Of 4 patients with cystadenocarcinoma, 3 were women; mean age was 60 years. All were symptomatic. Preoperative CT scans demonstrated masses with both cystic and solid components. No patient had undergone prior intervention. All had a liver resection. Two patients died of metastatic disease at 6 and 12 months, respectively. One patient is alive and disease-free at 16 years; 1 is alive with metastatic disease 10 years after the liver resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cystadenomas are uncommon tumors that are often incorrectly diagnosed as simple cysts. Preoperative imaging that demonstrates the presence of internal septations highly suggests the diagnosis of cystadenoma. Intraoperative biopsy and frozen section(s) are essential, although they are not 100% accurate. Cystadenomas require complete excision to prevent recurrence and the possibility of malignant transformation. Cystadenocarcinomas are very rare. Despite complete resection, cystadenocarcinomas can recur in a short period of time. The biologic behavior of these tumors can vary widely.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: J Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chmielewski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003536:Cystadenocarcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003537:Cystadenoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome