title: Implication of Wt1 in the pathogenesis of nephrogenic failure in a mouse model of retinoic acid-induced caudal regression syndrome.
abstract: Renal malformations are common human birth defects that sometimes occur in the context of the caudal regression syndrome. Here, we found that exposure of pregnant mice to all-trans retinoic acid, at a time when the metanephros has yet to form, causes a failure of kidney development along with caudal regression. Maternal treatment with Am580 (retinoic acid receptor alpha agonist) also induced similar patterns of kidney maldevelopment in the fetus. In metanephroi from retinoic acid-treated pregnancies, renal mesenchyme condensed around the ureteric bud but then failed to differentiate into nephrons, instead undergoing involution by fulminant apoptosis to produce a renal agenesis phenotype. Results of whole organ cultures in serum-free medium, and also tissue recombination experiments, showed that the nephrogenic defect was intrinsic to the kidney and that it resided in the metanephric mesenchyme and not the ureteric bud. Renal mesenchyme from control embryos expressed Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1), but this transcription factor, which is indispensable for kidney development, failed to express in metanephroi of retinoic acid-exposed embryos. Wt1 expression and organogenesis were both restored, however, when metanephroi from retinoic acid-treated pregnancies were grown in serum-containing media. Our data illuminate the pathobiology of a severe, teratogen-induced kidney malformation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
authors.forename: Herman K W
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Maran B W
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Adrian S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Woolf
authors.forename: Aswin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Menke
authors.forename: Nicholas D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Hastie
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gosling
authors.forename: Chi-Pui
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Pang
authors.forename: Alisa S W
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Shum
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities*; D000818:Animals; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D016162:Genes, Wilms Tumor; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000196:embryology* / Q000473:pathology; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014212:Tretinoin
chemical_list: D014212:Tretinoin