title: Music and ambient operating room noise in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.
abstract: Previous studies have indicated that music decreases intraoperative sedative requirements in patients undergoing surgical procedures under regional anesthesia. In this study we sought to determine whether this decrease in sedative requirements results from music or from eliminating operating room (OR) noise. A secondary aim of the study was to examine the relationship of response to intraoperative music and participants' culture (i.e., American versus Lebanese). Eighty adults (36 American and 54 Lebanese) undergoing urological procedures with spinal anesthesia and patient-controlled IV propofol sedation were randomly assigned to intraoperative music, white noise, or OR noise. We found that, controlling for ambient OR noise, intraoperative music decreases propofol requirements (0.004 +/- 0.002 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) versus 0.014 +/- 0.004 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) versus 0.012 +/- 0.002 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1); P = 0.026). We also found that, regardless of group assignment, Lebanese patients used less propofol as compared with American patients (0.005 +/- 0.001 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1) versus 0.017 +/- 0.003 mg . kg(-1) . min(-1); P = 0.001) and that, in both sites, patients in the music group required less propofol (P < 0.05). We conclude that when controlling for ambient OR noise, intraoperative music decreases propofol requirements of both Lebanese and American patients who undergo urological surgery under spinal anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Advancement of Perioperative Health® and the Departments of Anesthesiology, Pediatrics, and Child Psychiatry at Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT and the Department of Anesthesiology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
authors.forename: Chakib M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Laudi B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Rizk
authors.forename: Chadi I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Yaacoub
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaal
authors.forename: Zeev N
authors.initials: ZN
authors.lastname: Kain
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007861:Lebanon; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009146:Music; D009622:Noise; D009873:Operating Rooms; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics; D015742:Propofol