Nutrition assessment in HIV infection.
Nutrition assessment is a vital component of the general care of HIV-infected adults. With access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV infection may become a chronic, manageable disease. Nutritional and metabolic complications traditionally associated with HIV infection such as hypertriglyceridemia, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and weight loss continue to occur. However, emerging abnormalities such as regional alterations in body shape (fat re-distribution syndrome or HIV-associated lipodystrophy), increasing body weight, high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, insulin resistance, and other metabolic derangements may also be present. In addition, as patients are living longer, they may be susceptible to other age-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In this article, we review strategies for nutrition assessment and management in HIV-infected adults. Attention is focused on specific symptoms such as weight loss and diarrhea and specific disorders such as lipodystrophy, micronutrient deficiencies, and dyslipidemia, which commonly affect HIV-infected individuals. Proper attention to nutritional status may help to reduce the burden of disease and promote an enhanced quality of life in HIV-infected individuals.
Gerrior
Jül L
JL
Nutrition/Infection Unit, Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. jul.gerrior@tufts.edu
Neff
Lisa M
LM
D000886:Anthropometry; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000178:diet therapy; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000097:blood*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D015431:Weight Loss
D008055:Lipids; D018977:Micronutrients