title: Reduced cerebral blood flow response and compensation among patients with untreated hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether memory performance in hypertensive subjects induces diminished parietal and prefrontal blood flow activation relative to normotensive subjects but compensatory amygdala/hippocampal activation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven untreated hypertensive subjects and 59 normotensive control subjects performed in two memory and one sensorimotor task while global and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed with [15O]water and PET. Neuropsychological, carotid artery ultrasound, and MRI assessments were obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When they were engaged in memory tasks, increases of CBF in hypertensive subjects were less than in normotensive subjects in the posterior parietal area, as expected; blunted responses were also shown within the middle posterior arterial watershed and thalamus. Relative to all other participants, hypertensive subjects that performed relatively well on verbal memory showed an enhanced rCBF response in the right amygdala/hippocampus. Furthermore, hypertensive, but not normotensive, subjects showed task-induced rCBF in the amygdala/hippocampal area that was significantly correlated with task-induced prefrontal rCBF. No confounding influences were identified from carotid artery or MRI measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Memory performance in hypertensive individuals is related to a blunted regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) response, particularly in parietal cortex. Potentially compensatory rCBF responses appear to occur in midbrain and correlate with prefrontal rCBF.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, USA. JenningsJR@upmc.edu
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jennings
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Muldoon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: van der Veen
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Meltzer
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000679:Amygdala / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology