14-3-3 proteins--an update.
14-3-3 is a highly conserved acidic protein family, composed of seven isoforms in mammals. 14-3-3 protein can interact with over 200 target proteins by phosphoserine-dependent and phosphoserine-independent manners. Little is known about the consequences of these interactions, and thus are the subjects of ongoing studies. 14-3-3 controls cell cycle, cell growth, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, migration and spreading. Recent studies have revealed new mechanisms and new functions of 14-3-3, giving us more insights on this fascinating and complex family of proteins. Of all the seven isoforms, 14-3-3sigma seems to be directly involved in human cancer. 14-3-3sigma itself is subject to regulation by p53 upon DNA damage and by epigenetic deregulation. Gene silencing of 14-3-3sigma by CpG methylation has been found in many human cancer types. This suggests that therapy-targeting 14-3-3sigma may be beneficial for future cancer treatment.
Mhawech
Paulette
P
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. pmhawech1@yahoo.com
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005092:Exonucleases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005095:Exoribonucleases; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding
D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010768:Phosphoserine; D005092:Exonucleases; D005095:Exoribonucleases; C413442:SFN protein, human