title: Nosocomial bloodstream infections in children and adolescents in southern Israel: a 10-year prospective study (1992-2001).
abstract: We studied the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical presentation and outcome of nosocomial bloodstream infections (NBI) in children and adolescents in southern Israel during 1992-2001. Information on NBI was collected prospectively by active surveillance. NBI was diagnosed when a clinically significant positive blood culture was drawn in a patient during >48 h after admission. 469 episodes occurred in 370 children and adolescents aged 1 m-18 y. The overall incidence of NBI was 5.3/1000 patients, with no increase during the study period. A significant decrease in NBI incidence was recorded at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) during 1997-2001 vs 1992-1996. The incidences of NBI at the paediatric ICU (PICU), paediatric wards and paediatric surgery departments (PSD) were 24.1, 2.8 and 2.5/1000 patients, with an increase in NBI cases at PICU and PSD during 1997-2001 vs 1992-1996. Of 661 pathogens, Gram-negative, Gram-positive and fungal organisms were isolated in 54.3%, 36.6% and 9.1% of cases, respectively. Enterobacteriaceae (34.6% of all isolates) were the most frequently isolated Gram-negative organisms. Enterococcus spp., coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus (9.5% of all isolates each) were the most frequently isolated in Gram-positive organisms. A significant increase was recorded in the incidence of NBI caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas spp. A significant decrease in the susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae spp. to piperacillin, ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftriaxone was recorded during the study period. 33 (8.9%) patients with NBI died.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Soroka University Medical Centre, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Noga
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Givon-Lavi
authors.forename: Nehama
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Peled
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dagan
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leibovitz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010372:Pediatrics; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents