title: Cytokines and lymphocyte proliferation in patients with different clinical forms of chromoblastomycosis.
abstract: Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic, often debilitating, suppurative, granulomatus mycosis of the skin and subcutaneous tissues beginning after inoculation trauma. It occurs world-wide, but is more frequently observed in tropical countries such as Brazil. The disease is usually insidious, and the lesions increase slowly but progressively, not responding to the usual treatments and quite often reappearing. The host defense mechanism in chromoblastomycosis has not been extensively investigated. Some studies have focused on fungus-host interaction, showing a predominantly cellular immune response, with the activation of macrophages involved in fungus phagocytosis. Although phagocytosis did occur, death of fungal cells was rarely observed. The ability of Fonsecaea pedrosoi to produce secreted or cell wall-associated melanin-like components, protects against destruction by host immune cells in vitro. Until now, the T cell immune response in chromoblastomycosis is undefined. In the present work, it was shown that, in patients with the severe form of the disease, predominant production of IL-10 cytokine, low levels of IFN-gamma and inefficient T cell proliferation were induced. In contrast, in patients with a mild form of the disease, predominant production of IFN-gamma cytokine, low levels of IL-10 and efficient T cell proliferation were observed.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580 Bloco 17, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mazo Fávero Gimenes
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Da Glória de Souza
authors.forename: Karen Spadari
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Sirley G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: Azizedite Guedes
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vagner de Castro Lima Santos
authors.forename: Conceição de Maria
authors.initials: Cde M
authors.lastname: Pedroso e Silva
authors.forename: Sandro Rogério
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Almeida
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000946:Antigens, Fungal / Q000276:immunology; D001203:Ascomycota / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002862:Chromoblastomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000946:Antigens, Fungal; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma