title: The secretion of ibuprofen metabolites interferes with the capillary chromatography of urinary homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid in neuroblastoma diagnosis.
abstract: Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Abnormal secretion of catecholamines in tissues and body fluids allows for the differential diagnosis of neuroblastoma from other neoplasms and its distinction from non-neoplastic inflammatory diseases. This is achieved by assaying homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, the catabolites of catecholamine metabolism. In the course of an evaluation of children with suspected neuroblastoma, homovanillic acid and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid were analyzed in urine samples by capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection after extraction and derivatization of these compounds as trimethylsilyl derivatives. In three urine samples a significant increase in biogenic amines was observed, but these results were not confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Patient history revealed that these children had been treated with ibuprofen, an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. To verify how ibuprofen or its metabolites may have interfered with capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, we analyzed the same samples by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In urine samples from patients on the drug, the presence of a peak identified as the trimethylsilyl ester of hydroxyibuprofen, which had the same retention time as 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid, was found to interfere with the capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection analysis of the metabolite. This interference must be taken into account during the laboratory diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Pathology, Giannina Gaslini Children's Institute, Genoa, Italy. isabellalevreri@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
authors.forename: Isabella
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Levreri
authors.forename: Ubaldo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Caruso
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Deiana
authors.forename: Antonella
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buoncompagni
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Bernardi
authors.forename: Nora
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melioli
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006719:Homovanillic Acid / Q000652:urine*; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D014642:Vanilmandelic Acid / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002395:Catecholamines; D014642:Vanilmandelic Acid; D007052:Ibuprofen; D006719:Homovanillic Acid