title: Prevalence of maxillary sinus disease and abnormalities in patients scheduled for sinus lift procedures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of sinus disease and abnormalities among patients scheduled to undergo direct sinus augmentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients attending a private periodontal practice and consecutively treatment planned for sinus augmentation were referred for otorhinolaryngologic evaluation, which included a medical history and radiographic (computed tomography), clinical, and endoscopic examinations. Pathological findings were recorded and otorhinolaryngologic treatment was provided. Six months later the sinus augmentation procedure was performed and followed by postoperative evaluations for 4 to 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 45 subjects, 98% (44) were diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, 51% were smokers, and 27% reported a history of symptoms indicative of sinus disease. Eighteen subjects were diagnosed with sinus disease and/or abnormalities. The diagnosed conditions included chronic sinusitis, sinus cysts, nasal septum deviation, and ostium stenosis. No significant differences in age, gender, or smoking status between patients with and without sinus conditions were found (P >0.05). There was a significant association between history of symptoms and diagnosis of sinus conditions (P <0.0001). Three subjects (one treated for preoperative sinus conditions) experienced notable intra- or postoperative complications related to the sinus augmentation procedure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that, in a population of patients with chronic periodontitis, presence of sinus conditions is strongly associated with a history of indicative symptoms and is independent of age, gender, and smoking status. The results reinforce the importance of careful detailed history taking and thorough clinical and radiographic evaluation prior to performing sinus augmentation.
authors.affiliation: Private practice (periodontics), Dusseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Beaumont
authors.forename: Gregory-George
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Zafiropoulos
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rohmann
authors.forename: Dimitris N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Tatakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000540:Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000150:complications; D003560:Cysts / Q000150:complications; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008437:Maxilla / Q000601:surgery; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000150:complications; D008487:Medical History Taking; D008875:Middle Aged; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000002:abnormalities; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000150:complications; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012907:Smoking; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed