title: Quality of controlled clinical trials on glaucoma and intraocular high pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the quality of controlled clinical trials on glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-six clinical trials published between 1980 and 1999 were selected from seven international ophthalmological journals. Their quality was assessed by four researchers with epidemiological skills using a structured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sample size was pre-estimated in 34 (15.0%) papers, which were of greater size (P = 0.05). Randomization was performed in 98.2% of the trials, although the procedure of randomization was scarcely reported. Masking was reported in 56.6% of the papers, and was more frequent in medical treatments (P < 0.001). The basal characteristics of the groups were compared in 139 papers (61.5%). Patient losses during the follow-up period were fully described in only 27 trials. Intention-to-treat analysis was used in 17 (7.7%) papers. Most trials reported P values, but a measure of effect (mean, proportion, or relative risk) appeared in only 16 trials (7.7%). Trials performed in the US more frequently compared baseline characteristics of the groups (P = 0.03), described the patient flow (P = 0.04), and used adequate statistical procedures (P = 0.03). Those trials that included a statistician or an epidemiologist among the authors were more commonly blinded (P = 0.06) and they always avoided the analyses of subgroups (P = 0.006). Several methodological issues have improved throughout the studied period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several methodological characteristics should be improved when reporting a clinical trial on glaucoma. Using a checklist like that suggested by the CONSORT can help to achieve this.
authors.affiliation: Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Cantabria School of Medicine, Santander, Spain. llorcaj@unicam.es
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Llorca
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Sanz
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prieto-Salceda
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fariñas-Alvarez
authors.forename: M Verónica
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Chinchón
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quinones
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Delgado-Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005901:Glaucoma; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D009798:Ocular Hypertension; D011643:Publishing / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011786:Quality Control; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards