title: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia among antiretroviral naive patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV-1 compared to patients without co-infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with HCV in the non-HIV infected populations. To describe a similar association among HIV subjects, and explore the biological mechanisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional analysis, we compared the prevalence of DM (using American Diabetes Association criteria) and insulin resistance (HOMA IR) and dyslipidemia among ARV naive patients with HIV and HIV/HCV infected patients enrolled in CPCRA FIRST (058) and the Metabolic Substudy (061).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1389 enrolled in the FIRST study and had HCV serology, the prevalence of diabetes was higher (5.9%) among HCV/HIV as compared to 3.3% among those with HIV alone (p=0.04). Among 417 enrolled in the metabolic substudy, 88 (21%) had HIV/HCV co-infection. As in the main study, the prevalence of DM was higher in HIV/HCV group (9 vs. 3%, p=0.03). The HIV/HCV infected were significantly older (43 vs. 37 years), non-white (83 vs. 70%), with a history of IDU (55 vs. 3%), had higher AST (61 vs. 39 U/l), ALT (55 vs. 43 U/l,) and lower cholesterol levels (3.97 vs. 4.25 mmol/l). By multivariate analysis among subjects <50 years, association between HCV and diabetes remained significant after adjusting for BMI, family history of diabetes (OR=3.7, 95% CI: 1.3-11.1, p=0.02). The insulin resistance (HOMA IR) was not different between the two groups, however, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was lower among HCV co-infected subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects with HIV/HCV co-infection have a higher prevalence of diabetes and thus may need to be screened for it prior to initiation of anti-retroviral therapy, particularly if it is a PI based regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77009, USA. fehmidav@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Fehmida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Visnegarwala
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Subha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raghavan
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tedaldi
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors