title: The wake-promoting hypocretin/orexin neurons change their response to noradrenaline after sleep deprivation.
abstract: Sleep deprivation is accompanied by the progressive development of an irresistible need to sleep, a phenomenon whose mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we identified for the first time a reflection of that phenomenon in vitro by showing that, after a short 2 h period of total sleep deprivation, the action of noradrenaline on the wake-promoting hypocretin/orexin neurons changes from an excitation to an inhibition. We propose that such a conspicuous modification of responsiveness should contribute to the growing sleepiness that accompanies sleep deprivation.
authors.affiliation: Département des Neurosciences fondamentales, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Jeremy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Grivel
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cvetkovic
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bayer
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Machard
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tobler
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mühlethaler
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serafin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068797:Orexins; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D000068797:Orexins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009638:Norepinephrine