title: Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of MS-275, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, in patients with advanced and refractory solid tumors or lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to define the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), the recommended phase II dose, the dose-limiting toxicity, and determine the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic profiles of MS-275.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma were treated with MS-275 orally initially on a once daily x 28 every 6 weeks (daily) and later on once every-14-days (q14-day) schedules. The starting dose was 2 mg/m2 and the dose was escalated in three- to six-patient cohorts based on toxicity assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the daily schedule, the MTD was exceeded at the first dose level. Preliminary PK analysis suggested the half-life of MS-275 in humans was 39 to 80 hours, substantially longer than predicted by preclinical studies. With the q14-day schedule, 28 patients were treated. The MTD was 10 mg/m2 and dose-limiting toxicities were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue. Exposure to MS-275 was dose dependent, suggesting linear PK. Increased histone H3 acetylation in peripheral-blood mononuclear-cells was apparent at all dose levels by immunofluorescence analysis. Ten of 29 patients remained on treatment for > or = 3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The MS-275 oral formulation on the daily schedule was intolerable at a dose and schedule explored. The q14-day schedule is reasonably well tolerated. Histone deacetylase inhibition was observed in peripheral-blood mononuclear-cells. Based on PK data from the q14-day schedule, a more frequent dosing schedule, weekly x 4, repeated every 6 weeks is presently being evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Unit, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Qin C
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Headlee
authors.forename: Milin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Acharya
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparreboom
authors.forename: Jane B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Trepel
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: William D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Figg
authors.forename: Kyunghwa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Eun Joo
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murgo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melillo
authors.forename: Yusri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Elsayed
authors.forename: Manish
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kalnitskiy
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zwiebel
authors.forename: Edward A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Sausville
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006801:Humans; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D011725:Pyridines; C118739:entinostat