title: Speeded detection and increased distraction in fear of spiders: evidence from eye movements.
abstract: Anxiety patients exhibit attentional biases toward threat, which have often been demonstrated as increased distractibility by threatening stimuli. In contrast, speeded detection of threat has rarely been shown. Therefore, the authors studied both phenomena in 3 versions of a visual search task while eye movements were recorded continuously. Spider-fearful individuals and nonanxious control participants participated in a target search task, an odd-one-out search task, and a category search task. Evidence for disorder-specific increased distraction by threat was found in all tasks, whereas speeded threat detection did not occur in the target search task. The implications of these findings for cognitive theories of anxiety are discussed, particularly in relation to the concept of disengagement from threat.
authors.affiliation: Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany. M.Rinck@DMKEP.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rinck
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reinecke
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ellwart
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Heuer
authors.forename: Eni S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Becker
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013112:Spiders; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology