title: Regulation of aromatase and 5alpha-reductase by 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3), 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), dexamethasone and progesterone in prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Estrogens and androgens are proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. The effective metabolites, estradiol and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone are produced from testosterone by aromatase and 5alpha-reductase, respectively. Metabolites of vitamin D have shown to inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to verify whether 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)), 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3)], dexamethasone, and progesterone regulate the expression of aromatase and 5alpha-reductase in human prostate cancer cells. LNCaP and PC3 cells were treated with 25OHD(3), 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3), dexamethasone, or progesterone. Aromatase and 5alpha-reductase mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR and aromatase enzyme activity was measured by the [(3)H] water assay. Aromatase enzyme activity in LNCaP and PC3 cells was increased by both 10nM dexamethasone, 1-100 nM 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and 100 nM-10 microM progesterone. The induction was enhanced when hormones were used synergistically. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed no regulation of the expression of aromatase mRNA by any steroids tested in either LNCaP or PC3 cells. The expression of 5alpha-reductase type I mRNA was not regulated by 1alpha,25-(OH)(2)D(3) and no expression of 5alpha-reductase type II was detected in LNCaP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Tampere, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland. loyalo@uta.fi
authors.forename: Yan-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Teemu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Murtola
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tuohimaa
mesh_terms: D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001141:Aromatase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000187:drug effects; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011374:Progesterone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D001141:Aromatase; D013741:3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; D002117:Calcitriol; D002112:Calcifediol