title: Fetal laryngeal stenosis/atresia and congenital high airway obstructive syndrome (CHAOS): a case report.
abstract: Congenital high airway obstructive syndrome (CHAOS) is a rare but fatal disease with predictably characteristic features including stenotic or atretic upper airway, hyperplastic lungs, elevated diaphragm, massive fetal ascites and fetal hydrops. Diagnosis of CHAOS by ultrasound scan is possible and clinically important since advanced intrauterine surgery to correct the defect is possible. We report a case of fetus of CHAOS with massive ascites, pulmonary hyperplasia and laryngeal stenosis/atresia. We feel that it is important to recognize the entity both by ultrasound scan and by the pathologist so that some cases can be corrected by intrauterine fetal surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.
authors.forename: Peilin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herring
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mertz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000151:congenital* / Q000196:embryology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007829:Laryngostenosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000196:embryology; D011247:Pregnancy; D013577:Syndrome