title: Does transesophageal echocardiographic demonstration of a patent foramen ovale in patients with a recent cerebral ischemic event change anticoagulation therapy?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is commonly demonstrated by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with a recent transient ischemic attack or stroke. Our purpose was to determine how the TEE visualization of a PFO alters anticoagulation therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively identified 100 patients with transient ischemic attack or stroke referred for TEE; 50 had a PFO and 50 did not (control patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both groups were similar in regard to age, sex, the occurrence of transient ischemic attack versus stroke, and history of stroke. The PFO group had a higher incidence of a mobile interatrial septum, interatrial septal aneurysm, or both ( P < .001 by Fisher exact test). Both groups had similar pre-TEE aspirin, other antiplatelet, and warfarin use. After TEE, warfarin was instituted in 8 of 50 patients with PFO versus 2 of 50 in the control group ( P = .05) and aspirin use was discontinued in 9 of 50 patients with PFO versus 3 of 50 in the control group ( P = .12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main effect of demonstrating a PFO by TEE after an ischemic cerebral event was the institution of warfarin; there was a trend toward discontinuing aspirin.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Center, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Kimberly A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Boddicker
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kerber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants