title: Quantification of angiogenesis in otosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The determinants of clinical versus histologic otosclerosis are unknown, but angiogenesis is associated with active disease. We hypothesized that quantification of angiogenesis in otosclerotic human temporal bones could reveal significant differences between clinical and histologic cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed all otosclerosis specimens meeting criteria from the temporal bone collection of the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary and 10 normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital images were taken at predilection sites, followed by computer-assisted analysis. Canalicular area (CA), the aggregate of vascular spaces within bone, microvessel density (MVD), area, and depth were the main measures. Evidence of a direct connection between local vessels and the vasculature of the otosclerotic focus was also recorded for each specimen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average area (mm) and depth (number of sections containing otosclerosis) of clinical lesions was significantly greater than histologic lesions. Total microvessel counts were significantly greater in clinical versus histologic lesions, and both clinical and histologic lesions contained significantly greater numbers of microvessels than the normal otic capsule. CA was also significantly higher in clinical lesions. MVD was slightly but not significantly higher in clinical lesions. Importantly, a direct connection between named vessels and the otosclerotic vasculature was significantly more frequent in clinical lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computer-assisted quantification revealed significantly greater measures of angiogenesis in clinical versus histologic otosclerosis. Direct connection to adjacent vessels may support angiogenesis in this disease. Sustained angiogenesis may be an important determinant of clinical otosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. jyungrw@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Jyung
authors.forename: Chitsuda
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wacharasindhu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002452:Cell Count; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000502:physiology; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology*; D010040:Otosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology