title: Hepatocellular adenomas associated with anabolic androgenic steroid abuse in bodybuilders: a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
abstract: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used illicitly at high doses by bodybuilders. The misuse of these drugs is associated with serious adverse effects to the liver, including cellular adenomas and adenocarcinomas. We report two very different cases of adult male bodybuilders who developed hepatocellular adenomas following AAS abuse. The first patient was asymptomatic but had two large liver lesions which were detected by ultrasound studies after routine medical examination. The second patient was admitted to our hospital with acute renal failure and ultrasound (US) studies showed mild hepatomegaly with several very close hyperecogenic nodules in liver, concordant with adenomas at first diagnosis. In both cases the patients have evolved favourably and the tumours have shown a tendency to regress after the withdrawal of AAS. The cases presented here are rare but may well be suggestive of the natural course of AAS induced hepatocellular adenomas. In conclusion, sportsmen taking AAS should be considered as a group at risk of developing hepatic sex hormone related tumours. Consequently, they should be carefully and periodically monitored with US studies. In any case, despite the size of the tumours detected in these two cases, the possibility of spontaneous tumour regression must also be taken in account.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Cajal Clinical Centre, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Socas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zumbado
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pérez-Luzardo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Boada
mesh_terms: D018248:Adenoma, Liver Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008710:Methenolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D009277:Nandrolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D010110:Oxymetholone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013197:Stanozolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D043343:Testosterone Propionate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014891:Weight Lifting
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; C028758:methenolone enanthate; D013739:Testosterone; D013197:Stanozolol; C013915:boldenone; D009277:Nandrolone; C004648:testosterone enanthate; C035458:testosterone 17-phenylpropionate; D008710:Methenolone; D000077603:Nandrolone Decanoate; D010110:Oxymetholone; D043343:Testosterone Propionate