title: [Frequency and severity of callus defects. Dorsomedial vs ventrolateral approach for corticotomy in performing callus distraction of the tibia].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study was to compare a dorsomedial to the ventrolateral approach for corticotomy in performing callus distraction of the proximal metaphyseal tibia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 31 callus distractions were performed in 28 humans. The ventrolateral approach was used for 18 and the dorsomedial approach for 13 corticotomies. A scale of four severity grades was used to classify callus defect zones based on their extent as evidenced on serial X-rays. Biopsies were taken from higher-grade defects (grades 3-4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13 radiological evaluations revealed 12 defects using the ventrolateral approach. Seven defects (grades 1-2) healed spontaneously, whereas six defects (grades 3-4) required operative intervention as histological tissue examination showed no osteogenic potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To prevent callus defects of the proximal tibia in the future and to ensure maximal osteogenic potential in the distraction zone, a minimally invasive dorsomedial approach appears to achieve favorable results.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Unfallchirurgie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen. christian.heiss@chiru.med.uni-giessen.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Heiss
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Meissner
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pfeil
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schnettler
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016267:External Fixators; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013977:Tibia / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome