title: Consumption of homegrown products does not increase dietary intake of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury by young children living in an industrialized area of Germany.
abstract: The dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) was studied among young German children with different food consumption behaviour (consumption of own grown foodstuffs and of products from the supermarket). The study area comprised an industrialized and a rural area of West Germany. Dietary intake of contaminants was measured by the duplicate method according to the WHO guideline. A total 588 duplicate portions were collected daily from 84 individuals between May and September 1998. Intake of food groups was calculated from dietary records. Determination of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb was performed following high-pressure digestion of lyophilized samples by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Geometric mean weekly intake [microg/(kgbw x week)] was as follows: As 1.4, Cd 2.3, Hg 0.16, and Pb 5.3. Geometric mean intake corresponded to the percentage of the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) as follows: As 9.7%, Cd 32%, Hg 3.3%, Pb 21%. As and Hg intake were mainly influenced by fish consumption. The amount of cereals and bakery wares mainly determined the Cd and Pb intake. Children living in the industrialized area with a substantial food consumption of own grown vegetables or products from domestic animals products had no increased dietary intake of the metals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany. wilhelm@hygiene.rub.de
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wittsiepe
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrey
authors.forename: Annett
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hilbig
authors.forename: Mathilde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kersting
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis*; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015930:Diet Records; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008628:Mercury / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D008628:Mercury; D001151:Arsenic