title: Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in Holocaust survivors with and without PTSD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors' goal was to determine whether cortisol circadian rhythm alterations observed in younger subjects with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are also present in geriatric trauma survivors with PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary cortisol levels were measured at six intervals from awakening until bedtime in 23 Holocaust survivors with PTSD, 19 Holocaust survivors without PTSD, and 25 subjects who had not been exposed to the Holocaust. Thirty-three of the subjects were men, and 34 were women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cortisol levels were significantly lower at awakening, at 8:00 a.m., and at 8:00 p.m. in Holocaust survivors with PTSD than in nonexposed subjects, resulting in a flatter circadian rhythm, similar to what has been observed in aging but different from what has been reported in younger subjects with PTSD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide evidence of differential neuroendocrine alterations in geriatric PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, USA. rachel.yehuda@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yehuda
authors.forename: Julia A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Golier
authors.forename: Shira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaufman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D017767:Holocaust / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D007585:Jews / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008016:Life Change Events; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D017741:Survivors / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone