title: The effects of clozapine and risperidone on spatial working memory in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effects of clozapine and risperidone on spatial working memory in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spatial working memory performance was evaluated at baseline and after 17 and 29 weeks in 97 patients with schizophrenia participating in a multisite trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with baseline performance while receiving conventional antipsychotic medication, risperidone improved, and clozapine worsened, spatial working memory performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The differential effects of these medications on spatial working memory may be due to the anticholinergic effects of clozapine and prefrontal dopamine-enhancing effects of risperidone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Pl., New York, NY 10029, USA. susan.r.mcgurk@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Susan R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: McGurk
authors.forename: Cameron
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Marder
authors.forename: Haiyi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Nina R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Schooler
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kane
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003024:Clozapine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D018967:Risperidone / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone