title: In vitro effects of intravenous anesthetics on the sphincter of Oddi strips of sheep.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous anesthetics are often used for conscious sedation in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry. This study was designed to investigate the direct effects of some intravenous anesthetics on SO in sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  In sheep SO rings, changes in isometric tension in response to cumulative concentrations of intravenous anesthetics were determined, and values for Emax (mean maximal inhibition) and pD2 (i.e. the negative logarithm of the concentration for the half-maximal response, EC50) were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meperidine (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-5) M), fentanyl (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-5) M), midazolam (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-5) M) and propofol (10(-7) to 3 x 10(-4) M) induced concentration-dependent relaxations on SO precontracted with carbachol (10(-6) M). Emax and pD2 values following meperidine, fentanyl and midazolam administration were significantly greater than after propofol (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in Emax and pD2 values for meperidine, fentanyl and midazolam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that meperidine, fentanyl and midazolam are equipotent relaxants in the sheep SO in vitro. The relaxatory effect of propofol was 10 times less potent compared to the above agents, and it can be beneficial during SO manometry in controlled clinical human studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. mturan_1999@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Turan
authors.forename: Ihsan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bagcivan
authors.forename: Sinan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gursoy
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sarac
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Tijen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaya
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008614:Meperidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep; D009803:Sphincter of Oddi / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D018679:Cholinergic Agonists; D002217:Carbachol; D008614:Meperidine; D008874:Midazolam; D005283:Fentanyl; D015742:Propofol