title: Transcriptional induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in osteoclast precursors is involved in RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.
abstract: Regulation of osteoclast differentiation is key to understanding the pathogenesis and to developing treatments for bone diseases such as osteoporosis. To gain insight into the mechanism of the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB ligand (RANKL)-specific induction of the osteoclast differentiation program, we took a suppression-subtractive hybridization screening approach to identify genes specifically induced via the RANKL-Rac1 signaling pathway. Among identified targets, we show that RANKL selectively induces cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 expression via Rac1 that results in turn in production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in RAW 264.7 cells. By using transient transfection assays, we found that the -233/-206 region of the COX-2 promoter gene was critical for RANKL-induced promoter activity. This RANKL-responsive region contained an NF-kappaB site that, when mutated, completely abolished the induction of NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity by RANKL. Blockade of COX-2 by celecoxib inhibits differentiation of bone marrow-derived monocyte/macrophage precursor cells (BMMs) into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRAP+) osteoclastic cells. This inhibition can be rescued by the addition of exogenous PGE2, suggesting that COX-2-dependent PGE2 induction by RANKL in osteoclast precursors is required for osteoclast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Molecular Life Sciences and Center for Cell Signaling Research, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea. leesy@mm.ewha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Song Yi
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Na Kyung
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: In Whan
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Jang
authors.forename: Mijung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Jae Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Won Jae
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D008264:Macrophages; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000201:enzymology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D015232:Dinoprostone