title: How to interpret a healthcare economic analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the review is to present guidelines to help the clinician to interpret healthcare economic analyses and review pertinent recent analysis in the ophthalmic literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are four variants of healthcare economic analyses: (1) cost-minimization analysis; (2) cost-benefit analysis; (3) cost-effectiveness analysis and (4) cost-utility analysis. Cost-utility utility analysis has assumed an increasingly important role in healthcare, with increasing number of analyses occurring in the peer-reviewed ophthalmic literature. These include cost-utility analyses of cataract surgery in the first and second eyes, amblyopia treatment, and cost-utility analyses encompassing the vitreoretinal interventions of the following: (1) laser photocoagulation for exudative macular degeneration; (2) laser treatment for diabetic retinopathy; (3) laser photocoagulation for branch retinal vein obstruction; (4) diabetic vitrectomy; (5) treatment of proliferative retinopathy of prematurity and (6) treatment of retinal detachment associated with proliferative vitreoretinopathy. As an increasing number of cost-utility analyses become available they will provide the information system for the practice of value-based medicine, or medicine based upon the patient-perceived value conferred by interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing numbers of cost-utility analysis in the ophthalmic literature suggest that ophthalmic interventions, including vitreoretinal interventions, are cost effective. Cost-utility analysis is a major tool in value-based medicine, the practice of medicine based upon the patient-perceived value conferred by healthcare interventions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Value-Based Medicine, Flourtown, PA 19031, USA. mbrown@valuebasedmedicine.com
authors.forename: Melissa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Gary C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D018803:Models, Economic; D011788:Quality of Life