title: Extensive upper-extremity venous thrombosis after fluorescein angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a case of extensive cephalic and basilic venous thrombosis after fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 38-year-old Chinese male presented with blurring of vision in his left eye. Clinical examination revealed central serous retinopathy, and a routine fluorescein angiography was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  He developed inflammation over the right arm over 4 days. Duplex scan disclosed extensive superficial venous thrombosis of the right upper limb with occlusion of the basilic vein and cephalic vein in the proximal right upper arm to the level of the midarm. He was treated medically but was subsequently lost to follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extensive upper-extremity venous thrombosis is infrequent after single-shot intravenous cannulation. Venous thrombosis occurring after fluorescein angiography has not been reported up to this time. It is possible that proper arm positioning during the procedure may reduce this risk, and ophthalmologists should be vigilant of this potentially unusual complication.
authors.affiliation: Singapore National Eye Center, Singhealth, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751. chengyen@singnet.com.sg
authors.forename: Jacob Y C
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Eng-Yiat
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Yap
authors.forename: Alexandre K H
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Kah-Guan
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Au Eong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply*; D001367:Axillary Vein; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*