title: Neoadjuvant phase II multicentre study of new agents in patients with malignant glioma after minimal surgery. Report of a cohort of 187 patients treated with temozolomide.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of new agents in patients with malignant glioma in a neoadjuvant setting not confounded by surgery. The first study of neoadjuvant temozolomide aimed to provide a benchmark for future evaluation of new treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicentre phase II study of chemotherapy in patients with histologically verified glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) who had undergone biopsy alone. Patients were planned to receive two cycles of temozolomide at 200 mg/m(2) orally daily for 5 days at a 28-day interval prior to radiotherapy. Response was assessed by two central observers on pre- and post-chemotherapy enhanced scans using bi-dimensional criteria and as progression-free survival (PFS) at the time of second assessment prior to radiotherapy. Withdrawal from the study due to worsening clinical condition was, in the absence of second imaging, assessed as progressive disease. Survival and quality of life (QOL) were secondary endpoints.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between August 1999 and June 2002, 188 patients from 15 UK and two Italian centres were entered into the study and 187 were analysed. Overall, 162 patients were assessable for response; seven had partial and 25 had minimal response. The objective response rate was 20% [95% confidence interval (CI) 14-26%] and PFS prior to commencing radiotherapy was 64% (95% CI 57-72%). The median survival was 10 months, and 1-year survival 41%. The median survival of responders was 16 months compared to 3 months in patients with progressive disease (P <0.001 on multivariate analysis).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phase II study design of primary chemotherapy in patients with malignant glioma following biopsy alone is feasible and provides as objective a method of assessment of efficacy as is currently available. The baseline data on temozolomide provide a benchmark for assessment of efficacy of other agents and combinations.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Radiotherapy and Oncology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London. michael.brada@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ashley
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dowe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonsalves
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huchet
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pesce
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reni
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saran
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wharram
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wilkins
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D000077204:Temozolomide
chemical_list: D018906:Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; D003606:Dacarbazine; D000077204:Temozolomide