title: [Diagnostic antegrade ureteroscopy of the upper urinary tract in the orthotopic neobladder].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate the usefulness of antegrade endoscopical examination in the evaluation of the upper urinary tract pathology in patients with orthotopic neobladder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present the technique of percutaneous antegrade ureteroscopy and the indications for treatment of the upper urinary tract urothelial tumor (radical or conservative) depending on multiple pyelo-calyceal biopsies and tumor lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopical evaluation of the upper urinary tract in patients with orthotopic neobladder offers safer information than urine analysis, urine cytology, and the various radiological tests. The difficulty for retrograde examination is on the identification of the ureteral neomeatus, so that in case of failure, antegrade percutaneous approach allows complete ureteral and pyelocalyceal examination and biopsies thanks to the development of flexible endoscopes. The information supplied by these endoscopical examinations of upper urinary tract urothelial tumors (grade, stage, multifocality) allows the choice of radical or conservative (open surgery or endoscopical) treatment.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, España. inmaculadafer186@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández González
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguilera Bazan
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Espinales Castro
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rodríguez García
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascual Mateo
authors.forename: Jose María
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García Mediero
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Llanes González
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenguer Sánchez
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent