title: A rapid shift in a classic clinal pattern in Drosophila reflecting climate change.
abstract: Geographical clines in genetic polymorphisms are widely used as evidence of climatic selection and are expected to shift with climate change. We show that the classic latitudinal cline in the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism of Drosophila melanogaster has shifted over 20 years in eastern coastal Australia. Southern high-latitude populations now have the genetic constitution of more northerly populations, equivalent to a shift of 4 degrees in latitude. A similar shift was detected for a genetically independent inversion polymorphism, whereas two other linked polymorphisms exhibiting weaker clinal patterns have remained relatively stable. These genetic changes are likely to reflect increasingly warmer and drier conditions and may serve as sensitive biomarkers for climate change.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Umina
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Weeks
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kearney
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: McKechnie
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D007446:Chromosome Inversion; D002980:Climate; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D005787:Gene Frequency; D017344:Genes, Insect; D005843:Geography; D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D005993:Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase