title: HIV vaccine rationale, design and testing.
abstract: A central obstacle to the design of a global HIV vaccine is viral diversity. Antigenic differences in envelope proteins result in distinct HIV serotypes, operationally defined such that antibodies raised against envelope molecules from one serotype will not bind envelope molecules from a different serotype. The existence of serotypes has presented a similar challenge to vaccine development against other pathogens. In such cases, antigenic diversity has been addressed by vaccine design. For example, the poliovirus vaccine includes three serotypes of poliovirus, and Pneumovax presents a cocktail of 23 pneumococcal variants to the immune system. It is likely that a successful vaccine for HIV must also comprise a cocktail of antigens. Here, data relevant to the development of cocktail vaccines, designed to harness diverse, envelope-specific B-cell and T-cell responses, are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Slobod
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coleclough
authors.forename: Mattia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonsignori
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Xiaoyan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Sherri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Surman
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zirkel
authors.forename: Bart G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sealy
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stambas
authors.forename: Brita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Timothy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Lockey
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Freiden
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Doherty
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Blanchard
authors.forename: Louis N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Julia L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hurwitz
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000940:Antigenic Variation / Q000235:genetics; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins