title: Hirschsprung's disease in Japan: analysis of 3852 patients based on a nationwide survey in 30 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The introduction of laparoscope and transanal endorectal pull-through has caused a revolution in the operative procedures for Hirschsprung's disease. To study the changing profile of Hirschsprung's disease in Japan, the authors carried out a national survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient data were collected in 3 phases: group 1, 1628 patients between 1978 and 1982; group 2, 1121 patients between 1988 and 1992; and group 3, 1103 patients between 1998 and 2002, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence was 1:4697, 1:5544, and 1:5343 and the male/female ratio was 3.0:1, 3.4:1, and 3.0:1 in each group, respectively. Patients weighing less than 2500 g at birth increased to 10.4% in group 3, whereas they were 6.5% in group 2 and 5.5% in group 1. The patients with a family history also increased to 6.0% in group 3, in comparison with 2.8% in group 2 and 3.0% in group 1. The incidence of associated anomalies increased over time, 11.1% in group 1, 16.3% in group 2, and 21.2% in group 3. Mutations of genes were found in 4 of the 23 patients examined. The extent of aganglionosis was almost the same in each group. Regarding the definitive operation, the procedures without laparotomy, including transanal endorectal pull-through, increased up to 42.6% in group 3 but 0% in groups 1 and 2. The frequency that a primary operation without stoma was performed also increased. The age at definitive operation decreased in group 3. The incidence of preoperative and postoperative enterocolitis also decreased over time. The mortality was decreased over time, 7.1%, 4.9%, and 3.0% for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors analyzed 3852 Japanese patients over 3 decades. The ratio of patients with a low birth weight, associated anomalies, or a family history was increased in the last 10 years. A primary operation without laparotomy has thus become the procedure of choice for a definitive operation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. suita@pedsurg.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suita
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ieiri
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakatsuji
mesh_terms: D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006306:Health Surveys; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities