title: Correlation between concordance of tracers, order of harvest, and presence of metastases in sentinel lymph nodes with breast cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There are various methods for the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in breast cancer by using a combined method with blue dye and radioisotope (RI) tracers. The purpose of the study was to reveal any correlation between concordance of the tracers and the order of harvest with the presence of metastases in SLNs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes were reviewed in 408 cases with stage 0 to II breast cancer; the combined method was used in which blue dye and RI were injected subcutaneously around the tumor. The radioactivity and blue staining in each harvested SLN were checked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 330 cases (81%), SLNs contained both blue dye and RI tracers (blue-hot cases), and in 42 (10%) and 31 (8%) cases, the SLNs contained only the blue stain (blue-only cases) and only RI (hot-only cases), respectively. The overall metastatic rate was 25% on a patient basis. Blue-only cases had a higher rate (42%) of metastasis than hot-only cases (14%). The rate of nodes containing both blue dye and RI gradually decreased from the first SLNs harvested to the third SLNs harvested. The rate of nodes containing RI only increased with the number harvested, and there was not so much change in the rate of nodes containing blue only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that RI tracer could detect a wide range of SLNs and that the blue dye tracer could efficiently detect SLNs with metastasis. The combined methods compensates for the deficiencies of each method and thus will probably help to prevent missing SLNs.
authors.affiliation: Breast Surgery Division, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan. nowada@east.ncc.go.jp
authors.forename: Noriaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Chisako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yamauchi
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hasebe
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ochiai
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ebihara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007203:Indigo Carmine; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011868:Radioisotopes; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013048:Specimen Handling
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D011868:Radioisotopes; D007203:Indigo Carmine