title: [Animal welfare aspects regarding the raising of breeding ostriches in Germany].
abstract: The commercial housing of African Ostriches in Germany for the breed and meat production still represents a disputed topic under the criterion of the animal's welfare. Above all critics state that the frequently wet-cold weather in Germany impairs the well-being and health of the animals. So far however there are just a few scientifically documented data about requirements for housing conditions of ostriches in Central Europe and thus hardly answers whether housing in Germany is possible under the criteria of the animal's welfare. This study tried to evaluate ostrich housing under South German climatic conditions (Rhine level), on the basis of behavioral observations of breeding ostriches. The use of the stable and the influence of different climatic parameters on the behavior were considered. In addition the behavior of 18 adult animals in 5 breeding groups from January to December 2002 was observed. Parallel various climatic data were raised. The housing of the animals took place in open stables with unrestricted pasture possibility. The ostriches reacted in their behavior to different climatic conditions. Particularly at cold weather and adverse soil conditions they used the open stable increasingly as weather protection. In addition, with increased wind velocities the animals spent more time in the stables. The daily amount of precipitation showed no influence on the frequency or duration of the stable use. Rainfall did not animate the animals to look for protection within the stable, but more to set itself on the ground in the external enclosure. The locomotion activity of the animals was strongly in dependence to the reproduction time and the territorial behavior and therefore highest in spring. On cold days the animals performed their reproduction behavior mainly in the stable. For the comfort behaviour distinct weather dependence was seen particularly for sand bathing. Warm temperatures and dry sand were the preconditions for it. Regarding the results it seems, that with the conditions existing on the examined farm, housing of ostriches under respect of animal welfare in Germany is possible. New regulations are to be demanded, adjusted to the newest level of knowledge about ostrich husbandry, with requirements for care, support, accommodation and nutrition of the animals as well as about the qualification of the owners. An occasional hobby animal husbandry limited to few single ostriches is to be rejected. Further scientific investigations at other farms, possibly also under variable climatic conditions are however necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Tierschutz, Verhaltenskunde und Tierhygiene der Tierärztliche Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. caroline.woehr@tierhyg.vetmed.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Wöhr
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Erhard
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001947:Breeding; D002980:Climate; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal / Q000592:standards*; D008297:Male; D012621:Seasons; D020310:Struthioniformes / Q000502:physiology*