title: Effects of physical training on heat loss responses of young women to passive heating in relation to menstrual cycle.
abstract: To examine the effects of physical training on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses of young women in the follicular and luteal phase, 11 physically trained (T group) and 13 untrained (U group) women were passively heated by lower-leg immersion into hot water of 42 degrees C (ambient temperature of 30 degrees C and 45%RH) for 60 min in their mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Female hormones increased significantly from the mid-follicular to the mid-luteal phase in T and U groups, but the degree of increase was significantly lower in T group. Mean body temperature (T(B)) thresholds for cutaneous vasodilation and sweating responses were significantly lower in T group than in U group, in both the menstrual phases, and the differences between the groups were greatest during the mid-luteal phase. The slope of the relationship between frequency of sweat expulsion (F(sw)) and (T(B)), and between local sweating rate and F(sw) was significantly greater in T group, although the slope of the relationship between cutaneous blood flow and (T(B)) did not differ between the groups, regardless of body site or menstrual phase. These results suggest that regular physical activity enhanced sweating and cutaneous vasodilation in young women. The enhancement of sweating was due to both central and peripheral mechanisms, and the enhancement of cutaneous vasodilation was possibly due to a central mechanism. Enhancement of heat loss responses via central mechanisms was greater during the mid-luteal phase than in the mid-follicular phase because the elevation of female reproductive hormone levels during the mid-luteal phase was relatively low in T group.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Human Performance Research, Osaka International University, Moriguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwahara
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Narihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kondo
mesh_terms: D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology*; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D012867:Skin / Q000098:blood supply; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013546:Sweating / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004970:Estrone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol