title: Better maintained adherence on switching from twice-daily to once-daily therapy for HIV: a 24-week randomized trial of treatment simplification using stavudine prolonged-release capsules.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is critical to treatment outcomes. Adherence studies in other therapeutic areas of medicine suggest that once-daily regimens support improved adherence when compared to twice-daily therapy. An expansion in the range of once-daily antiretrovirals is making once-daily therapy possible for persons with HIV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 24-week randomized open-label simplification study of twice-daily regimens based on stavudine immediate release or zidovudine to an all once-daily regimen based on the stavudine prolonged-release capsule (PRC), in persons with complete virological suppression on regimens also including efavirenz and lamivudine, was carried out. Subjects were assessed for adherence [using the Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) cap; Aardex Corporation, Union City, CA, USA], quality of life, tolerability and efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-three patients were randomly assigned: 21 remained on their original regimen and 22 switched to once-daily therapy with stavudine PRC. Although high levels of adherence and good quality of life were present at study enrollment, adherence declined to a significantly lesser extent at week 24 in the group that switched to once-daily therapy. Efficacy was maintained in both groups and there were no differences in tolerability or toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects switching from twice-daily therapy to once-daily therapy demonstrate less of a decline in adherence over 24 weeks. A once-daily regimen including stavudine PRC is as effective and tolerable as a regimen containing the twice-daily formulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of HIV Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Portsmouth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Moyle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000480:Alkynes; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D048588:Benzoxazines; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010078:Oxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D018119:Stavudine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D010078:Oxazines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D018119:Stavudine; C098320:efavirenz