title: Cholesterol levels after 3 days of high-dose simvastatin in patients at moderate to high risk for coronary events.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) impair vascular function by a variety of mechanisms. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) improve endothelial function by lowering LDL-C and possibly by other "pleiotropic" effects. How rapidly statins can lower LDL-C has not been thoroughly studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the lipid response to 3 days of high-dose simvastatin in a randomized prospective double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study. Twenty-seven subjects at moderate to high risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) received either simvastatin 80 mg/day for 3 days followed by placebo for 3 days or placebo followed by simvastatin. After a washout period of 10 to 14 days, subjects received the opposite treatment. Nonfasting blood lipid levels, including total cholesterol, direct LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides, were obtained before randomization and after each 3-day treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean LDL-C level at baseline was 107 mg/dl and decreased 24% in patients receiving simvastatin and 5.6% in patients receiving placebo (P < 0.001). Statistically significant reductions were also achieved in the total cholesterol and cholesterol/HDL-C ratio: 14% and 12%, respectively. Changes in HDL-C and triglyceride levels were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with simvastatin for only 3 days results in a 24% drop in the LDL-C level. As defined by ATPIII, this decrease is comparable to that necessary to lower the LDL-C from one risk level to a lower one and is, therefore, both clinically and statistically significant.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Hospital of Saint Raphael, 1450 Chapel Street, New Haven, CT 06511-4417, USA.
authors.forename: Hector I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Michelena
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Osorio
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Citkowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000187:drug effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004727:Endothelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010919:Placebos; D012307:Risk Factors; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010919:Placebos; D019821:Simvastatin