title: Tonoplast vesicles of Beta vulgaris storage root show functional aquaporins regulated by protons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Water is crucial for plant development and growth, and its transport pathways inside a plant are an ongoing topic for study. Plants express a large number of membrane intrinsic proteins whose role is now being re-evaluated by considering not only the control of the overall plant water balance but also in adaptation to environmental challenges that may affect their physiology. In particular, we focused our work on water movements across the root cell TP (tonoplast), the delimiting membrane of the vacuole. This major organelle plays a central role in osmoregulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An enriched fraction of TP vesicles from Beta vulgaris (red beet) storage roots obtained by a conventional method was used to characterize its water permeability properties by means of the stopped-flow technique. The preparation showed high water permeability (485 microm x s(-1)), consistent with values reported in the literature. The water permeability was strongly blocked by HgCl(2) (reduced to 16%) and its energy activation was low. These observations allow us to postulate the presence of functional water channels in this preparation. Moreover, Western-blot analysis demonstrated the presence of a tonoplast intrinsic protein. With the purpose of studying the regulation of water channels, TP vesicles were exposed to different acidic pH media. When the pH of a medium was low (pH 5.6), the water permeability exhibited a 42% inhibition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings prove that although almost all water channels present in the TP vesicles of B. vulgaris root are sensitive to HgCl(2), not all are inhibited by pH. This interesting selectivity to acidification of the medium could play a role in adapting the water balance in the cell-to-cell pathway.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biomembranas, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Piso 7 (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sutka
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alleva
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parisi
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amodeo
mesh_terms: D020346:Aquaporins / Q000502:physiology*; D027461:Beta vulgaris / Q000378:metabolism*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008627:Mercuric Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D010539:Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D022161:Transport Vesicles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020346:Aquaporins; D014867:Water; D008627:Mercuric Chloride