title: Epoetin-alpha during radiotherapy for stage III esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that hemoglobin levels of 12-14 g/dL are optimal for tumor oxygenation, radiosensitivity, and prognosis. In this prospective study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of epoetin-alpha to maintain hemoglobin levels at 12-14 g/dL during radiotherapy (RT) for patients with UICC Stage III esophageal carcinoma, and they examined the impact of erythropoetin on overall survival (OS), metastatic-free survival (MFS), and local control (LC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty patients who received RT between March, 2001 and September, 2004, were included in this prospective, nonrandomized study. Thirty patients received epoetin-alpha (150 IU/kg 3 times per week) during RT (Group A), and 30 patients did not receive epoetin-alpha (Group B). Epoetin-alpha was started at hemoglobin levels < 13 g/dL and was stopped at hemoglobin levels > or = 14 g/dL. Hemoglobin was measured before RT and once weekly during RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both patient groups were balanced for age, gender, performance status, tumor location/length, histology, grading, tumor classification, lymph node status, chemotherapy, treatment (45-50.4 grays [Gy] plus resection vs. 45.0-50.4 Gy vs. 59.4-66.0 Gy), and hemoglobin level before RT. In 20 of 30 patients (67%) from Group A and in 3 of 30 patients (10%) from Group B, > or = 60% of hemoglobin levels during RT were 12-14 g/dL (P = 0.003). The median change in hemoglobin was + 0.4 g/dL per week in Group A and - 0.4 g/dL per week in Group B. LC was significantly better in Group A (66% vs. 38% at 1 year, respectively; P = 0.012), a trend was observed for OS (59% vs. 33%, respectively; P = 0.08), and MFS did not differ significantly (43% vs. 38%, respectively; P = 0.34). No epoetin-alpha-related toxicity was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epoetin-alpha was effective in maintaining the hemoglobin levels at 12-14 g/dL during RT. The application of epoetin-alpha significantly improved LC, and a trend was observed for OS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. rades.dirk@gmx.net
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rades
authors.forename: Steven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: Emre F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Yekebas
authors.forename: Hendric
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Job
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rudat
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005720:Gamma Rays; D006397:Hematinics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006397:Hematinics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D000068817:Epoetin Alfa