title: Differences in outcome in primary angioplasty in women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has proved to be the best therapeutic approach. Several factors have been associated with worse outcome in AMI in females. Are there differences in outcome in women undergoing PTCA for AMI?
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate gender influence on clinical outcome and in-hospital mortality in patients with AMI who undergo primary percutaneous interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 245 consecutive patients (72 women, 29.4 %), who underwent primary PTCA between January 2000 and December 2001. The following parameters were analyzed: risk factors for coronary artery disease including hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hypercholesterolemia and family history, previous AMI, PTCA or angina, pain-to-balloon time, extent of coronary disease and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female patients were older (67.9+/-11.6 vs. 59.6+/-13; p < 0.001) with a higher prevalence of hypertension (65.3 % vs. 47.4 %; p < 0.05) and angina (29.0 % vs. 16.0 %; p < 0.05) and lower prevalence of smoking (27.8 % vs. 54.3 %; p < 0.001). Pain-to-balloon time was longer in women (6.8+/-4.1 vs. 5.4+/-3.7 hours; p < 0.05). Extent of coronary disease was similar in both groups. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors were used in 84.7 % of women and 90.8 % of men. The frequency of hemorrhagic complications (5.6 % vs. 5.2 %) and arrhythmias (15.3 % vs. 10.4%) and in-hospital mortality (9.7 6.4 %) were higher in females, although without statistical significance (p = NS). Hospitalization time was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the growing awareness of a gender bias in therapeutic approaches to AMI, there are still some differences in outcome, with a trend towards higher mortality rates in women. Older age and longer pain-to-balloon time could account for this.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital de Santa Marta, Lisboa, Portugal. joanafeliciano@netcabo.pt
authors.forename: Joana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feliciano
authors.forename: António José
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fiarresga
authors.forename: Ana Teresa
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Timóteo
authors.forename: Nuno
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pelicano
authors.forename: Duarte
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cacela
authors.forename: Rui
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Lurdes
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Quininha
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000628:therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D016896:Treatment Outcome