title: Short- and-long term results of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation of liver metastases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical resection is the only therapeutic option with curative effect on malignant liver tumours, but in over 70% of cases, this is not a feasible option. A prospective study was performed to assess the short- and long-term effects of intraoperative radiofrequency ablation on unresectable liver metastases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1997 and 2001, 57 patients (mean age 61.9 years; range 31-83 years) with 297 unresectable liver metastases (colorectal adenocarcinoma, n=38; carcinoid tumour, n=4; malignant melanoma, n=3; other metastases, n=12) underwent intraoperative radiofrequency ablation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No mortality was observed in patients managed solely with radiofrequency ablation. Eight postoperative complications occurred in eight patients (14%). Three occurred when radiofrequency ablation was combined with resection. Of the 33 patients completely ablated, 30 patients are still alive and 21 are disease-free after a median follow-up of 18.1 months (range 2-43). Ten patients underwent more than one intraoperative radiofrequency ablation episode. Overall survival was 72.5% at 1 year and 52.5% at 3 years. Complete ablation and the number of lesions were significant independent prognostic factors for survival, with p<0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective option for patients with inoperable liver metastases without extra hepatic disease. Prospective controlled trials comparing the results of different treatments are required to assess which patients will benefit best from this emerging new treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Navarra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayav
authors.forename: J-C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smadga
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Nicholls
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Habib
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Jiao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome