title: Inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by angiotensin II receptor blockers on cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously showed that proteinuria from a renal graft was significantly decreased by administration of losartan potassium, an angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB). To further evaluate the mechanism, we performed another clinical study focusing on the change in plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels among cyclosporine (CyA)-treated renal allograft recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 12 hypertensive CyA-treated kidney transplant patients, four received 25 to 50 mg/day of losartan; four, 4 to 8 mg/day of candesartan cilexetil; and another four, 20 to 40 mg/day of nifedipine. Four CyA-treated kidney-transplanted patients without hypertension were selected as a control group. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. PAI-1 and serum creatinine (S-Cr) levels were monitored every 3 months for 1 year.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering the pretreatment of PAI-1 as 100%, the mean percent of PAI-1 at 1 year after the onset of study for losartan, candesartan, nifedipine, and control groups were 78.6 +/- 6.7%, 81.4 +/- 8.0%, 96.7 +/- 7.6%, and 110.4 +/- 9.2%, respectively. The ARB groups demonstrated significant differences from the control group (P < .01), while the nifedipine group did not. S-Cr levels among ARB-administered groups were increased slightly but temporarily. As for S-Cr levels, no significant differences were seen among the four groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Control of hypertension itself is important for all renal graft recipients; however, PAI-1 reduction by ARBs was thought to be a key for renal preservation. We expect that ARBs will contribute to prolonged renal allograft survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ISHIKAWAA-URO@h.u-tokyo.ac.jp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000502:physiology*; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D013777:Tetrazoles; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D009543:Nifedipine; D019808:Losartan; C081643:candesartan