title: Genetic determinants of vascular oxidant stress and endothelial dysfunction.
abstract: Reactive oxygen species are products of cellular metabolism and function as normal signaling molecules in the vasculature. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species that outstrips antioxidant defenses generates oxidant stress that can lead to nitric oxide depletion and endothelial cell injury, and contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and myocardial dysfunction. Antioxidant enzymes that are important in limiting vascular oxidant stress include superoxide dismutases, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The relevance of deficiencies in glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase on endothelial and myocardial dysfunction will be reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute and the Evans Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA. jloscalz@bu.edu
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Loscalzo
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Voetsch
authors.forename: Ronglih
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leopold
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000235:genetics; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology*; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D005955:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000235:genetics*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase