title: Percutaneous mitral valve repair for chronic ischemic mitral regurgitation: a real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic study in an ovine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although surgical annuloplasty is the standard repair for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR), its application is limited by high morbidity and mortality. Using 2D and real-time 3D echocardiography in an ovine model of chronic IMR, we evaluated the geometric impact and short-term efficacy of a percutaneous transvenous catheter-based approach for mitral valve (MV) repair using a novel annuloplasty device placed in the coronary sinus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six sheep developed IMR 8 weeks after induced posterior myocardial infarction. An annuloplasty device optimized to reduce anterior-posterior (A-P) mitral annular dimension and MR was placed percutaneously in the coronary sinus. Mitral annular A-P and commissure-commissure dimensions and MV tenting area (MVTa) in 3 parallel A-P planes (medial, central, and lateral) were assessed by real-time 3D echocardiography with 3D software. The annuloplasty device reduced MR jet area from 5.4+/-2.6 to 1.3+/-0.9 cm2 (P<0.01), mitral annular A-P dimension in both systole and diastole (24.3+/-2.5 to 19.7+/-2.4 mm; P<0.03; 31.0+/-3.9 to 24.7+/-2.1 mm; P<0.001), and MVTa at mid systole in all 3 planes (153+/-46 to 93+/-24 mm2, P<0.01; 140+/-47 to 88+/-23 mm2, P<0.03; and 103+/-23 to 87+/-26 mm2, P<0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Percutaneous coronary sinus-based mitral annuloplasty reduces chronic IMR by reducing mitral annular A-P diameter and MVTa. This suggests the potential clinical application of a new nonsurgical therapeutic approach in patients with IMR.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daimon
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shiota
authors.forename: A Marc
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gillinov
authors.forename: Motoya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayase
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruel
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Blacker
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Liddicoat
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002908:Chronic Disease; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia; D012756:Sheep