Human papillomavirus anogenital disease in HIV-infected individuals.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and a significant cause of anogenital malignancies, precancer lesions, and cutaneous disease. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals have a higher prevalence of HPV infection and HPV-associated anogenital disease compared to age-matched HIV-negative controls. Data suggest that there has been little reduction in HPV-associated disease since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The authors believe that cervical and anal cancer screening using Pap tests should be offered to all HIV-positive individuals, but the infrastructure to identify (via colposcopy and high-resolution anoscopy) and treat precancer lesions must be present. Treatment of HPV-associated anogenital disease depends on the size, location, and grade of the lesion, whereas a variety of ablative and excisional therapies are available. Prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines are promising as future interventions for disease control in at-risk populations such as HIV-infected women and men.
Chin-Hong
Peter V
PV
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0654, USA.
Palefsky
Joel M
JM
D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005833:Genital Neoplasms, Female / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008297:Male; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy
D000998:Antiviral Agents