title: Depression screening instruments made good severity measures in a cross-sectional analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Test equivalence of different survey instruments to diagnose depression and to assess its severity. Where equivalence exists, describe how to convert scores between instruments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of six convenience samples consisting of 71 members of a health plan and 107 patients of mental health specialty practices with psychiatric diagnoses were compared using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and one or more of the Primary Care Screener for Affective Disorder, Prime-MD-PHQ, Inventory to Diagnose Depression, the depression subscale of the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire, and the Mental Health Inventory from the SF-36.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Correlations between the screening instruments and the BDI ranged from 0.79 to 0.95 and the sensitivity to depression and the specificity against nondepressive mental health diagnoses was equally good or better. We also describe a method for equating severity scores across instruments and labeling the screener-based severity measures with clinically meaningful descriptions comparable to those used for the BDI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screener-based severity measures extensively overlap each other. Good screeners for depression can also be good severity instruments. Exploiting screeners as severity instruments can significantly reduce response burden without sacrificing performance.
authors.affiliation: The Health Institute, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts-New England Medical Center (T-NEMC), 750 Washington Street, Box 345, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bungay
authors.forename: Ira B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008603:Mental Health; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index