title: Rapid full volume data acquisition by real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography for assessment of left ventricular indexes in children: a validation study compared with magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the feasibility, accuracy, and reproducibility of a rapid full volume acquisition strategy using real-time (RT) 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography (3DE) for measurement of left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, stroke volume (SV), and ejection fraction (EF) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 19 healthy children (mean 10.6 +/- 2.8 years, 11 male and 9 female) were prospectively enrolled in this study. RT 3DE was performed using an ultrasound system to acquire full volume 3D dataset from the apical window with electrocardiographic triggering in 8 s/dataset. The images were processed offline using software. The LV endocardial and epicardial borders were traced manually to derive LV end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, mass, SV, and EF. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were performed on a 1.5-T scanner using a breath hold 2-dimensional cine-FIESTA (fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition) sequence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All RT 3DE and MRI data were acquired successfully for analysis. Measurements of LV end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, mass, SV, and EF by RT 3DE correlated well by Pearson regression ( r = 0.86-0.97, P < .001) and agreed well by Bland-Altman analysis with MRI. The interobserver and intraobserver variability of RT 3DE measurements were less than 5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective study demonstrated that RT 3DE measurements of LV end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, mass, SV, and EF in children using rapid full volume acquisition strategy are feasible, accurate, and reproducible and are comparable with MRI measurements.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bu
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munns
authors.forename: Honghai
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Disterhoft
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stolpen
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sonka
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Larry T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Shuping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ge
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*