title: Bile leakage during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation: in vitro effect of bile on growth and function of human umbilical vein endothelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of bile on growth and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelium cultured in vitro, with a view toward clarifying the effect of bile leakage during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was approved by the ethical review committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all mothers. Endothelial cells (ECs) were collected from human umbilical veins and cultured in vitro. After 24-48 hours in culture, ECs were distributed into groups supplemented with the following concentrations of bile in the culture medium: 0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0%, 20.0%, and 25.0%. The cells were harvested 5 days after supplementation with bile. The morphologic features, von Willebrand factor (vWF) level, tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay value of light absorption, total protein level, and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity of the ECs were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All explanted cells were identified as ECs by using the vWF test. Compared with ECs in the control group without bile, ECs in culture medium with a bile concentration of 5.0%, 10.0%, or 15.0% showed no marked morphologic changes, whereas ECs in culture medium with a bile concentration of 20.0% or 25.0% were reduced greatly in number and looked markedly immature. The MTT value of light absorption, total protein level, and vWF secretion were significantly decreased (P < .05 for all) in ECs in culture medium with 25.0% bile compared with these parameters in ECs in culture medium without bile, although these parameters did not significantly differ between the ECs in culture medium of 5.0% or 10.0% bile and the ECs in culture medium without bile. Compared with NOS activity in ECs when no bile was present in the culture medium, NOS activity in ECs was significantly decreased at all bile concentrations (P < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low concentrations of bile do not markedly inhibit cell growth; the inhibiting effect of bile on ECs progresses with an increase in bile concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Zhong-Da Hospital, Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao Rd, Nanjing 210009, China. gjteng@vip.sina.com
authors.forename: Gao-Jun
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D019168:Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology