title: Apoptotic anticancer effect of alvaradoin E isolated from Alvaradoa haitiensis.
abstract: Two anthracenone C-glycosides, alvaradoins E and F, isolated from the leaves of Alvaradoa haitiensis Urb. (Simaroubaceae), were found to have potent inhibitory activities with cultured cancer cells. Using the in vivo hollow fiber model, these compounds demonstrated significant growth inhibition at the i.p. site when tested with KB, LNCaP, and Col2 cells. To determine if these anthracenone C-glycosides mediated anticancer activity through an apoptotic pathway, a series of assays were performed with the 10S isomeric compound, alvaradoin E. With a DAPI assay, treatment of LNCaP cells with alvaradoin E at concentrations of 0.4, 2, 10, or 50 microM for 24 or 48 h showed chromatin condensation, a morphological characteristic of apoptosis. Mitochondrial membrane potential, analyzed with a DiOC6 uptake assay, showed that treatment of LNCaP cells with 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 0.86, and 1.12 microM alvaradoin E for 12 h caused dose-dependent membrane depolarization, another indication of early apoptosis. Also, with an annexin V-FITC assay system, treatment of HL-60 cells with 0.07 microM alvaradoin E for 24 h increased annexin V-FITC binding from 3 to 25.9% (8.6-fold). Finally, with the TUNEL assay system, treatment of HL-60 cells with 1.12 microM alvaradoin E for 32 h increased FITC-dUTP binding from 1.2 to 12.1% (10-fold). These data suggest alvaradoin E is an effective anticancer agent that induces apoptosis. Additional studies to establish clinical utility should be of interest.
authors.affiliation: Program for Collaborative Research in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Qiuwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lantvit
authors.forename: Eulenia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Reyes-Lim
authors.forename: Heebyung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Sharnelle S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Phifer
authors.forename: Mansukh C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wani
authors.forename: Monroe E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Ghee T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Geoffrey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Cordell
authors.forename: Norman R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Farnsworth
authors.forename: A Douglas
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kinghorn
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Pezzuto
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D006027:Glycosides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007211:Indoles; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D007624:KB Cells; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D029641:Simaroubaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D000873:Anthracenes; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D006027:Glycosides; D007211:Indoles; D009005:Monosaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C500945:alvaradoin E; C007293:DAPI; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate