title: Telementoring facilitates independent hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy.
abstract: Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy is a major advance but a challenging procedure to learn even after laparoscopic training. It requires significant previous training in both laparoscopic and transplant surgery. Telementoring has been shown to reduce the laparoscopic learning curve in other fields. Of six cases of hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) living donor nephrectomy at our institution, an on-site mentor supervised the initial two. We present the subsequent four cases as the first documented examples of telementored HAL live donor nephrectomy. Telelink was established with a Comstation (Zydacron, UK) incorporating a Z360 telementoring codec and four ISDN lines (512 kb/s) with time delay of 500 ms for both audio and video. The remote surgeon in Minnesota (USA) could change independently between the laparoscopic and external views. The operating surgeons were able to look at the mentor and converse with him throughout. There were no adverse events in recipients and graft function was excellent. With regards to the telementored group the mean operative time was 240 minutes, the mean warm ischemic time 189 seconds, the mean estimated blood loss 171 mL, and the mean length of hospital stay 3 days. Telementoring for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is feasible, effective, and likely to aid independent practice by providing continued supervision and reducing the learning period.
authors.affiliation: Transplantation and Urology Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Challacombe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kandaswamy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dasgupta
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mamode
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D019520:Living Donors; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D019114:Remote Consultation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012371:Robotics; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine