title: Discussion for animal experiments in space: ethical standard and responsibility of researchers for space experiments using laboratory animals.
abstract: International efforts to standardize regulations and study designs and to promote the principles of Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement (the 3 Rs) have reduced and refined animal use. In NASA ARC and KSC, researchers are responsible only for activities related directly to the conduct of their animal experiments. The IACUC plays an important role in conformity with NIH policies. Even if researchers design protocols of the space life science in Japan, the animal experiments should be carried out under the global harmonized conditions in accordance with NIH/NASA policies, guides and rules. It is important that researchers himself must look forward the ethical animal experiment.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Animal Center, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katahira
mesh_terms: D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D000830:Animals, Laboratory; D001690:Biological Science Disciplines / Q000592:standards*; D007390:International Agencies; D007756:Laboratory Animal Science / Q000592:standards*; D009316:National Institutes of Health (U.S.) / Q000592:standards*; D012106:Research; D013026:Space Flight / Q000592:standards*; D014481:United States; D018557:United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Q000592:standards*; D014893:Weightlessness