title: Feto-feto-fetal transfusion syndrome in monozygotic monochorionic triamniotic triplets: vascular evaluation by a cast model.
abstract: A unique cast model of the placenta in a rare case of feto-feto-fetal triplet transfusion syndrome (FFFTTS) allowed the demonstration of why the transfusion syndrome developed in one fetus and not in the other two in that single placenta. The vasculature anatomy of a monochorionic triamniotic triplet placenta with FFFTTS of three healthy infants (one donor, two recipients) born in the 35th week of gestation was cast by means of dental casting materials. After the cast hardened, the tissue was corroded, revealing the cast blood vessels. The diameters and lengths of the chorionic blood and intraplacental vessels of the cast placenta were measured with a digital caliper. The cast revealed two artery-artery (A-A) anastomoses on the chorionic plate between the two recipients and the donor. Seven artery-vein (A-V) deep anastomoses connected only the arteries of the donor and the veins of the two recipients. The blood vessel connections among the fetuses allowed the evaluation of a pathologic case with its own control in a single placenta. From the vascular appearance, we speculate that the A-A anastomoses between the two fetuses protected them from developing blood transfusions, but that the A-V anastomoses contributed to their development.
authors.affiliation: Ultrasound Unit in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6 Weizmann Street, Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel. osnate@post.tau.ac.il
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Eytan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Har-Toov
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almog
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reches
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fait
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gull
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wolman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lessing
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loewenthal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gazit
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jaffa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000650:Amnion / Q000473:pathology; D001163:Arteriovenous Anastomosis / Q000473:pathology; D002823:Chorion / Q000473:pathology; D016319:Corrosion Casting; D005260:Female; D005330:Fetofetal Transfusion / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010920:Placenta / Q000473:pathology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D014310:Triplets; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000473:pathology