title: Regulation of the pituitary tumor transforming gene by insulin-like-growth factor-I and insulin differs between malignant and non-neoplastic astrocytes.
abstract: The reasons for overexpression of the oncogene pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in tumors are still not fully understood. A possible influence of the insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-I) may be of interest, since enhanced Igf-I signalling was reported in various human tumors. We examined the influence of Igf-I and insulin on PTTG expression in human astrocytoma cells in comparison to proliferating non-neoplastic rat embryonal astrocytes. PTTG mRNA expression and protein levels were increased in malignant astrocytes treated with Igf-I or insulin, whereas in rat embryonic astrocytes PTTG expression and protein levels increased only when cells were exposed to Igf-I. Enhanced transcription did not occur after treatment with inhibitors of phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), blocking the two basic signalling pathways of Igf-I and insulin. In addition to this transcriptional regulation, both kinases directly bind to PTTG, suggesting a second regulatory route by phosphorylation. However, the interaction of endogenous PTTG with MAPK and PI3K, as well as PTTG phosphorylation were independent from Igf-I or insulin. The latter results were also found in human testis, which contains high PTTG levels as well as in nonneoplastic astrocytes. This suggest, that PI3K and MAPK signalling is involved in PTTG regulation not only in malignant astrocytomas but also in non-tumorous cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Kathrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chamaon
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirches
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kanakis
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Braeuninger
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dietzmann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mawrin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051381:Rats; D064249:Securin; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D007328:Insulin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D064249:Securin; D012694:Serine; C578002:pituitary tumor-transforming protein 1, human