title: Anti-hepatocarcinoma effects of 5-fluorouracil encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the anti-hepatocarcinoma effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) encapsulated by galactosylceramide liposomes (5-Fu-GCL) in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor-bearing animal model and HepA cell line were respectively adopted to evaluate the anti-tumor effects of 5-Fu-GCL in vivo and in vitro. Tumor cell growth inhibition effects of 5-Fu-GCL in vitro were assessed by cell viability assay and MTT assay. In vivo experiment, the inhibitory effects on tumor growth were evaluated by tumor inhibition rate and animal survival days. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the concentration-time course of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid in vitro and the distribution of 5-Fu-GCL in liver tumor tissues in vivo. Apoptosis and cell cycle of tumor cells were demonstrated by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro experiment, 5-Fu-GCL (6.25-100 micromol/L) and free 5-Fu significantly inhibited HepA cell growth. Furthermore, IC50 of 5-Fu-GCL (34.5 micromol/L) was lower than that of free 5-Fu (51.2 micromol/L). In vivo experiment, 5-Fu-GCL (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) significantly suppressed the tumor growth in HepA bearing mice model. Compared with free 5-Fu, the area under curve of 5-Fu-GCL in intracellular fluid increased 2.6 times. Similarly, the distribution of 5-Fu-GCL in liver tumor tissues was significantly higher than that of free 5-Fu. After being treated with 5-Fu-GCL, the apoptotic rate and the proportion of HepA cells in the S phase increased, while the proportion in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases decreased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  5-Fu-GCL appears to have anti-hepato-carcinoma effects and its drug action is better than free 5-Fu. Its mechanism is partly related to increased drug concentrations in intracellular fluid and liver tumor tissues, enhanced tumor cell apoptotic rate and arrest of cell cycle in S phase.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Long-Fu
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Rong
authors.forename: Yuan-Hai
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Shu-Yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002214:Capsules; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008081:Liposomes / Q000494:pharmacology; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D002214:Capsules; D005699:Galactosylceramides; D008081:Liposomes; D005472:Fluorouracil