title: Oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are unaffected by HIV infection or antiretroviral therapy in overweight women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the frequency of diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance among a subset of participants in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional substudy nested within a prospective multicenter cohort study. Women underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing. Diagnoses of diabetes and prediabetes were made according to the American Diabetes Association criteria, and insulin resistance was determined by area under the curve insulin and homeostasis model assessment values.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six urban clinical sites in the United States (Brooklyn, NY; Bronx, NY; Washington, DC; Chicago, IL; San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles, CA) participate in the entire WIHS. The Bronx, NY, and San Francisco, CA, WIHS sites participated in this substudy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 258 women, 88 HIV negative, 74 HIV positive not on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and 96 HIV positive taking HAART were enrolled in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance was compared among the HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of diabetes, prediabetes, or insulin resistance was unrelated to HIV status or antiretroviral treatment. Increasing body mass index was the only characteristic associated with the combined endpoints of diabetes and prediabetes (odds ratio = 1.104, P = 0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine oral glucose tolerance testing of HIV-infected women is not supported by these findings. Elucidation of putative perturbations from HIV or antiretroviral medications requires direct studies of insulin resistance and beta-cell function.
authors.affiliation: Harbor Health Care Manhattan, VAH & New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA. ann.danoff@msnyuhealth.org
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Danoff
authors.forename: Qiuhu
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Justman
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mulligan
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hessol
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Robison
authors.forename: Dalian
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wichienkuer
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastos
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin