title: Clinically relevant concentrations of propofol but not midazolam alter in vitro dendritic development of isolated gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive interneurons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent laboratory studies showed that exposure to supraclinical concentrations of propofol can induce cell death of immature neurons. However, no data are available regarding the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of this agent on neuronal development. The authors addressed this issue by evaluating the effect of propofol on dendritic growth and arbor expansion of developing gamma-aminobutyric acid-positive (GABAergic) interneurons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immature neuroblasts were isolated from the newborn rat subventricular zone and differentiated into GABAergic interneurons in culture. In addition to cell death, the effects of increasing concentrations and durations of propofol exposure on neuronal dendritic development were evaluated using the following morphologic parameters: total dendritic length, primary dendrites, branching point, and Scholl analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors demonstrate that propofol induced cell death of GABAergic neurons at concentrations of 50 microg/ml or greater. As little as 1 microg/ml propofol significantly altered several aspects of dendritic development, and as little as 4 h of exposure to this agent resulted in a persistent decrease in dendritic growth. In contrast, application of midazolam did not affect neuronal development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Short-term exposure of immature developing GABAergic neurons to clinically relevant concentrations of propofol can induce long-term changes in dendritic arbor development. These results suggest that propofol anesthesia during central nervous system development could interfere with the molecular mechanisms driving the differentiation of GABAergic neurons and thus could potentially lead to impairment of neural networks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland. laszlo.vutskits@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vutskits
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gascon
authors.forename: Edomer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tassonyi
authors.forename: Jozsef Zoltan
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Kiss
mesh_terms: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D002452:Cell Count; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003712:Dendrites / Q000187:drug effects*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007395:Interneurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D008874:Midazolam / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol