title: [The expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1,2 alpha in sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and their relationships to the mutations of von Hippel-Lindau gene].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, 2alpha in sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and their relationships to the mutations of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mutations of VHL gene, expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), direct DNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry in 77 cases of Chinese sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC). The stage was pT(1)N(0)M(0)in 55 patients (71%), pT(2)N(0)M(0) in 7 patients (9%), pT(3)N(0)M(0) in 14 patients (18%), and pT(4)N(0)M(0) in 1 patient (1%). The classification according to the tumor nuclear grading system showed 15 carcinomas (19%) of tumor nuclear grade 1, 56 (73%) of tumor nuclear grade 2 and 6 (8%) of tumor nuclear grade 3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the VHL gene mutations were found in all the normal tissue specimens. VHL gene mutations were detected in 40 (52%) cases of CCRCC. The positive rate of HIF-2alpha (81%) was higher than that of HIF-1alpha (66%) (chi(2) = 23.310, P < 0.01); The positive rate of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha in the cases of mutations (98% and 93% respectively) was higher than that of them in non-mutations (32% and 68% respectively) (chi(2) = 36.386, 7.617, P < 0.01); The correlation between HIF-1alpha and VHL gene mutations was closer than that between HIF-2alpha and VHL gene mutations (partial correlation coefficiency was 4.481 and 2.027 respectively, P < 0.01). The expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha in different pathological grade and stage of CCRCC showed no significant difference (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that VHL gene mutations are frequent in sporadic CCRCC, and the high expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha are found in the group of VHL mutations. However, we have not found significant correlation between the expression of HIF-1alpha and 2alpha and pathological grade and stage of CCRCC in our study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Peking University, Institute of Urology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China. gongkan2004@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Na
authors.forename: Guan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xin-yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Dian-qi
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Xin
authors.forename: Yan-qun
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Na
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051794:Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497446:VHL protein, human