title: Effectiveness of glycerol as a submucosal injection for EMR.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  EMR traditionally is performed by using normal saline solution (NS) as the submucosal fluid cushion. It is thought, however, that NS does not maintain the proper mucosal elevation for EMR of large, flat lesions. We investigated the efficacy of glycerol as the submucosal injection solution.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 110 colorectal laterally spreading tumors (LST) were treated by EMR with glycerol. For comparison, 113 LSTs treated by using NS were studied. The en bloc resection, complete resection, and associated complications rates were evaluated retrospectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  The en bloc resection rate in the glycerol group was 63.6% (70/110) compared with 48.9% (55/113) in the NS group (p < 0.05). The complete resection rate in the glycerol group was 45.5% (50/110) compared with 24.6% (28/113) in the NS group (p < 0.01). The associated complications rate was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It technically was easier and as safe to perform EMR of colorectal LSTs when using glycerol as the submucosal injection solution.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endoscopy, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uraoka
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sumiyoshi
authors.forename: Fabian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Emura
authors.forename: Pradeep
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Kuang-I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Daizo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005990:Glycerol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D005990:Glycerol