Diversity and specificity of ectomycorrhizal fungi retrieved from an old-growth Mediterranean forest dominated by Quercus ilex.
We analysed the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal diversity in a Mediterranean old-growth Quercus ilex forest stand from Corsica (France), where Arbutus unedo was the only other ECM host. On a 6400 m2 stand, we investigated whether oak age and host species shaped below-ground ECM diversity. Ectomycorrhizas were collected under Q. ilex individuals of various ages (1 yr seedlings; 3-10 yr saplings; old trees) and A. unedo. They were typed by ITS-RFLP analysis and identified by match to RFLP patterns of fruitbodies, or by sequencing. A diversity of 140 taxa was found among 558 ectomycorrhizas, with many rare taxa. Cenococcum geophilum dominated (35% of ECMs), as well as Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae and Thelephoraceae. Fungal species richness was comparable above and below ground, but the two levels exhibited < 20% overlap in fungal species composition. Quercus ilex age did not strongly shape ECM diversity. The two ECM hosts, A. unedo and Q. ilex, tended to share few ECM species (< 15% of the ECM diversity). Implications for oak forest dynamics are discussed.
Richard
F
F
UMR 5174 Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 4, France. richard.fran@wanadoo.fr
Millot
S
S
Gardes
M
M
Selosse
M-A
MA
D019083:Mediterranean Region; D038821:Mycorrhizae / Q000502:physiology*; D029963:Quercus / Q000382:microbiology / Q000502:physiology*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013045:Species Specificity; D014197:Trees / Q000382:microbiology*