title: Opisthorchis viverrini antigen induces the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 in macrophage RAW cell line.
abstract: Opisthorchis viverrini infection induces inflammation in and around the bile duct, leading to cholangiocarcinoma in humans. To examine the mechanism of O. viverrini-induced inflammatory response, we assessed the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line treated with an extract of O. viverrini antigen. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry showed that O. viverrini antigen induced the expression of TLR2 but not TLR4. Western blotting and immunocytochemistry revealed that nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were expressed in RAW 264.7 cells treated with O. viverrini antigen in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that O. viverrini induces inflammatory response through TLR2-mediated pathway leading to NF-kappaB-mediated expression of iNOS and COX-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
authors.forename: Somchai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
authors.forename: Saeko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tada-Oikawa
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hiraku
authors.forename: Porntip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinlaor
authors.forename: Ning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Paiboon
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sithithaworn
authors.forename: Shosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawanishi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002460:Cell Line; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000032:analysis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D009891:Opisthorchis / Q000276:immunology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000032:analysis; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000032:analysis*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases