title: Preliminary outcomes and efficacy of the first 360 consecutive kyphoplasties for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity in worldwide elderly populations. Patients may become susceptible to vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) from low-impact situations. For patients who have failed conventional, palliative medical therapy, kyphoplasty not only reduces pain associated with vertebral fractures, but also offers a minimally invasive procedure with the potential to address fracture reduction and spinal sagittal alignment. Kyphoplasty involves expanding an inflatable balloon tamp to create a cavity within a vertebral body before cement deposition.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of kyphoplasty to reduce and fix painful osteoporotic VCFs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective, single-arm cohort study of consecutive kyphoplasty patients treated at a single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred sixty VCFs were treated during 254 kyphoplasty procedures on 222 osteoporotic patients (mean age, 76 years [range, 28-98]; 28% male and 72% female).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient-reported pain ratings were examined. Cement extravasation was monitored by intraoperative fluoroscopy and on postoperative radiographs. Anterior and midline vertebral height were assessed from standing, lateral radiographs obtained preoperatively and postoperatively. The number of patients who returned with symptomatic, new fractures was monitored. Perioperative complications were recorded. Mean follow-up occurred 21 months after kyphoplasty (range, 6 months through 36 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate pain relief was reported by 89% of patients by the first follow-up visit. One patient experienced postoperative pain as a result of radiculopathy related to bone filler leakage into the foramen. The remaining patients had persistent pain and were diagnosed with either a new fracture or underlying degenerative disc disease. Greater than or equal to 20% restoration of lost vertebral height (anterior) was observed in 63% of fractures with an overall mean restoration of 30%, and > or = 20% restoration of lost vertebral height (midline) was detected in 69% of fractures with an overall mean restoration of 50%. In this cohort, 12% (30/254) of the patients required additional kyphoplasty procedures to treat 36 symptomatic, new adjacent and remote fractures. No device-related complications occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Kyphoplasty is a safe and effective, minimally invasive procedure for relief of pain associated with VCF. In our series we also demonstrated some restoration of vertebral height and partial correction of sagittal alignment.
authors.affiliation: Spine Surgery, PSC, 210 E. Gray Street, Suite 601, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. majd@spine-surgery.org
authors.forename: Mohammad E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Majd
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Holt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications*; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013117:Spinal Cord Compression / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D013131:Spine / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements