title: [Preliminary analysis of the 5'-flanking region of rat gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytic subunit gene].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the characteristic of regulatory elements and corresponding transcriptional factors in the 5'-flanking region of rat gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS) catalytic subunit (GCLC) gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 1 760 bp 5'-flanking region of the rat GCLC was cloned and constructed into pGL-3 enhancer vector which includes luciferase reporter gene. Exonuclease III was used to cut the 5'-flanking region of rat GCLC gene unidirectionally into deletion mutants of different length, GCLC-Luc and its deletion mutants were used to transfect rat alveolar epithelium cells CCL-149, then the regulatory region of the gene was determined by luciferase activity assay of the transfected cells. Analysis of the transcription-factor-binding site was done using Transcription Factor Search software to indicate possible transcriptional factors. Electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to determine the cis-acting elements and transcriptional factors in these regulatory regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experiment cloned the upstream regulatory sequence of rat GCLC gene and its reporter vector GCLC-Luc, as well as 11 deletion mutants of GCLC-Luc. Luciferase activity assay of the cells transfected by GCLC-Luc (-1 758/+2-Luc), mutant 1 (-1 231/+2-Luc), mutant 2 (-1 108/+2-Luc), mutant 3 (-1 087/+2-Luc), mutant 4 (-876/+2-Luc), mutant 5 (-745/+2-Luc), mutant 6 (-705/+2-Luc), mutant 8 (-613/+2-Luc), mutant 9 (-595/+2-Luc), mutant 10 (-403/+2-Luc) and mutant 11(-111/+2-Luc) were (90 012 +/- 2 445), (77 652 +/- 840), (149 927 +/- 4 915), (71 588 +/- 1 108), (99 283 +/- 2 612), (75 443 +/- 1 438), (282 772 +/- 7 046), (96 891 +/- 2 275), (148 917 +/- 5 966), (258 991 +/- 5 015) and (895 +/- 49) U, respectively. EMSA proved that activated protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) can bind to the region of -403 to -111 bp; nuclear factor-1 (NF-1) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) can bind to the region of -705 to -613 bp; and upstream stimulatory factor (USF) can bind to the region of -745 to -705 bp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two DNA regions -403 to -111 bp and -705 to -613 bp of GCLC gene, which can be bound by transcriptional factors such as NF-1, C/EBP, AP-1, and NF-kappaB on EMSA, are involved in positive gene regulation. A newly identified region -745 to -705 bp of GCLC gene, which can be bound by USF, is involved in negative gene regulation, suggesting that the interaction between E-box and USF can inhibit the expression of gamma-GCS.
authors.affiliation: Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510120, China.
authors.forename: Lin-ling
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hong-bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Qi-cai
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Pi-xin
authors.initials: PX
authors.lastname: Ran
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D020134:Catalytic Domain / Q000235:genetics; D024721:E-Box Elements / Q000235:genetics; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005978:Glutathione / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors
chemical_list: D051720:Upstream Stimulatory Factors; D005721:Glutamate-Cysteine Ligase; D005978:Glutathione