title: Genome-wide linkage identifies novel modifier loci of aganglionosis in the Sox10Dom model of Hirschsprung disease.
abstract: Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) is a complex disorder that exhibits incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity due to interactions among multiple susceptibility genes. Studies in HSCR families have identified RET-dependent modifiers for short-segment HSCR (S-HSCR), but epistatic effects in long-segment (L-HSCR) and syndromic cases have not been fully explained. SOX10 mutations contribute to syndromic HSCR cases and Sox10 alleles in mice exhibit aganglionosis and pigmentary anomalies typical of a subset of HSCR patients categorized as Waardenburg-Shah syndrome (WS4, OMIM 277580). Sox10 mutant alleles in mice exhibit strain-dependent variation in penetrance and expressivity of aganglionic megacolon analogous to the variation observed in patients with aganglionosis. In this study, we focused on enteric ganglia deficits in Sox10Dom mice and defined aganglionosis as a quantitative trait in Sox10Dom intercross progeny to investigate the contribution of strain background to variation in enteric nervous system deficits. We observe that the phenotype of Sox10Dom/+ mutants ranges over a continuum from severe aganglionosis to no detectable phenotype in the gut. To systematically identify genes that modulate Sox10-dependent aganglionosis, we performed a single nucleotide polymorphism-based genome scan in Sox10Dom/+ F1 intercross progeny. Our analysis reveals modifier loci on mouse chromosomes 3, 5, 8, 11 and 14 with distinct effects on penetrance and severity of aganglionosis. Three of these loci on chromosomes 3, 8 and 11 do not coincide with previously known aganglionosis susceptibility genes or modifier loci and offer new avenues for elucidating the genetic network that modulates this complex neurocristopathy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 529 Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0275, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Owens
authors.forename: Karl W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Broman
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wiltshire
authors.forename: J Bradford
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Elmore
authors.forename: Kevin M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: E Michelle
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Southard-Smith
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D002895:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D015894:Genome, Human; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; C527923:SOX10 protein, human; D055757:SOXE Transcription Factors; C527924:Sox10 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors