Tbx20 dose-dependently regulates transcription factor networks required for mouse heart and motoneuron development.
To elucidate the function of the T-box transcription factor Tbx20 in mammalian development, we generated a graded loss-of-function series by transgenic RNA interference in entirely embryonic stem cell-derived mouse embryos. Complete Tbx20 knockdown resulted in defects in heart formation, including hypoplasia of the outflow tract and right ventricle, which derive from the anterior heart field (AHF), and decreased expression of Nkx2-5 and Mef2c, transcription factors required for AHF formation. A mild knockdown led to persistent truncus arteriosus (unseptated outflow tract) and hypoplastic right ventricle, entities similar to human congenital heart defects, and demonstrated a critical requirement for Tbx20 in valve formation. Finally, an intermediate knockdown revealed a role for Tbx20 in motoneuron development, specifically in the regulation of the transcription factors Isl2 and Hb9, which are important for terminal differentiation of motoneurons. Tbx20 could activate promoters/enhancers of several genes in cultured cells, including the Mef2c AHF enhancer and the Nkx2-5 cardiac enhancer. The Mef2c AHF enhancer relies on Isl1- and Gata-binding sites. We identified a similar Isl1 binding site in the Nkx2-5 AHF enhancer, which in transgenic mouse embryos was essential for activity in a large part of the heart, including the outflow tract. Tbx20 synergized with Isl1 and Gata4 to activate both the Mef2c and Nkx2-5 enhancers, thus providing a unifying mechanism for gene activation by Tbx20 in the AHF. We conclude that Tbx20 is positioned at a critical node in transcription factor networks required for heart and motoneuron development where it dose-dependently regulates gene expression.
Takeuchi
Jun K
JK
Cardiovascular Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Mileikovskaia
Maria
M
Koshiba-Takeuchi
Kazuko
K
Heidt
Analeah B
AB
Mori
Alessandro D
AD
Arruda
Eric P
EP
Gertsenstein
Marina
M
Georges
Romain
R
Davidson
Lorinda
L
Mo
Rong
R
Hui
Chi-Chung
CC
Henkelman
R Mark
RM
Nemer
Mona
M
Black
Brian L
BL
Nagy
Andras
A
Bruneau
Benoit G
BG
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578041:Mef2c protein, mouse; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; C484469:Nkx2-5 protein, mouse; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C486013:Tbx20 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors