title: NF-kappaB mediated IL-6 production by renal epithelial cells is regulated by c-jun NH2-terminal kinase.
abstract: Tubular epithelial cells (TEC) play an important role in tubulointerstitial inflammation, a hallmark of most renal diseases, via production of cytokines and chemokines. In this study, the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in regulation of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in cultured human TEC in response to the leukocyte-derived factors IL-1, TNF-alpha, IL-17, and CD40L was investigated. IL-6 production induced by IL-1, TNF-alpha, and IL-17 was specifically inhibited by the c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, but not by a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, and was moderately increased when the ERK1/2 pathway was inhibited. Also for CD40L stimulation, inhibition of JNK resulted in a pronounced inhibition of IL-6 production. Although stimulation of TEC induced activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1), the down-stream target of JNK, reporter assays demonstrated that mutation of the AP-1 binding site in the IL-6 promoter did not affect gene transcription. Furthermore, IL-1-induced transcriptional activation of the IL-6 promotor was repressed by SP600125 or by co-transfection of a dominant-negative expression plasmid of c-jun even in the absence of a functional AP-1 binding site. This suggests that IL-6 production by renal epithelial cells is regulated by JNK, via a mechanism, however, independent of the AP-1 binding site. The data rather suggest that the JNK pathway may interfere with other signaling pathways, involving NF-kappaB and possibly ERK.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Building 1, C3P, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: de Haij
authors.forename: Astrid C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: Reinier N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: van der Geest
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haegeman
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vanden Berghe
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aarbiou
authors.forename: Mohamed R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Daha
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: van Kooten
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D016328:NF-kappa B; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases