title: Infection, health problems, and health care utilisation, and the risk of sudden infant death syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether symptoms suggestive of infection, health problems, and health care utilisation are risk factors for SIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matched case-control study with 333 SIDS infants and 998 control infants matched for region, age, gender, and reference sleep. Information was obtained by parental interview, paediatrician completed questionnaire, and hospital admission data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No symptoms were associated with SIDS after adjustment for potential confounders. Illness in the last four weeks as reported by the paediatrician did not differ between cases and controls. Developmental problems and special investigations at any stage of life significantly increased the risk of SIDS (adjusted OR = 2.14 and 2.07). Admission to hospital after the first week of life was associated with an increased risk of SIDS (adjusted OR = 1.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms of infection and illness are no longer risk factors for SIDS in communities such as Germany where few infants sleep prone. The increased risk of SIDS with developmental problems may indicate that infants which subsequently die of SIDS are abnormal or in some way vulnerable.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Germany. vennemam@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: M M T
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Vennemann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Findeisen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Butterfass-Bahloul
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jorch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brinkmann
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Köpcke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bajanowski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003141:Communicable Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000150:complications; D006304:Health Status; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D016684:Prone Position; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology*