title: Global cardiovascular risk under early corticosteroid cessation decreases progressively in the first year following renal transplantation.
abstract: A primary reason to eliminate corticosteroids from immunosuppressive regimens in solid organ transplant recipients is improved cardiovascular risk profiles. Although a number of studies have documented that corticosteroid withdrawal (CSWD) regimens reduce hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and weight gain, global assessments of cardiovascular risk under CSWD have not been reported. The purpose of this study was to document cardiovascular risk under CSWD using a global risk assessment by Framingham risk assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Framingham global cardiovascular risk assessments were performed at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months posttransplant on patients enrolled in prospective, IRB-approved early (<7 days of corticosteroids) CSWD trials. Framingham score was based on age, sex, presence of diabetes, HDL and total cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure. All patients were nonsmokers. Left ventricular hypertrophy assessment by EKG criteria was not available at all time points and therefore were not included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred eighty-three patients were included in the analysis. Fourteen percent of patients had evidence of coronary heart disease (prior MI, CABG, PTCA, or significant cardiovascular disease as evidenced by angiography) prior to transplant. Complete information was available for 160 patients at baseline, 132 at 1, 3, and 6 months, and 93 at 12 months posttransplant. Mean 10-year risk (expressed as percent) for developing coronary heart disease decreased over time: 8.03 at baseline, 8.31 at 3 months, 7.40 at 6 months, and 7.20 at 12 months, indicating that global cardiovascular risk fell at 1 year posttransplant by about 10% in renal transplant recipients undergoing early CSWD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estimation of cardiovascular risk by Framingham risk factor assessment allows incorporation of several cardiovascular risk factors into a single estimate, thereby accounting for differential effects of each individual factor on global cardiovascular risk. This experience indicates that global cardiovascular risk decreases by approximately 10% at 1 year posttransplant in renal transplant recipients who undergo early corticosteroid withdrawal (CSWD).
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45249, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Alloway
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trofe
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hanaway
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy-Chaudhury
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Buell
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Susskind
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Woodle
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL