title: Cardiotoxicity of de Gramont's regimen: incidence, clinical characteristics and long-term follow-up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-related cardiotoxicity seems to be dosage and schedule dependent. It was reported as 1.6-3% with earlier bolus regimens whereas this increased up to 7.6-18% with prolonged (4-5 days) infusion regimens. Knowledge of the cardiotoxicity incidence in patients treated with the widely used de Gramont's regimen (2 days infusional 5-FU) and the long-term follow-up of affected patients is still limited.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the incidence and clinical characteristics of the cardiotoxicity of de Gramont's regimen and long-term follow-up of the affected patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of a total of 231 patients receiving de Gramont's regimen experienced cardiac events, revealing an overall incidence of 3.9%. Four (2.5%) cases were receiving de Gramont's regimen only. Cardiac manifestations were acute coronary syndrome (n = 6), congestive heart failure (n = 2) and atrial fibrillation (n = 1). Cardiotoxicity occurred in the first cycle in eight patients, and in the second cycle in one. The median onset day was day 2. Cardiac symptoms occurred mostly at night time (seven patients) and the onset was a few hours after the bolus part of the regimen in four out of seven patients. After the cardiotoxicity, treatments were continued safely without 5-FU.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  de Gramont's regimen has a lower incidence of cardiotoxicity compared with more prolonged 5-FU-based infusion regimens. Nevertheless, patients should still be carefully monitored especially in the first cycles and at night time.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Oncology, University of Adnan Menderes, 09100 Aydin, Turkey. nezihmeydan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nezih
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meydan
authors.forename: Isil
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kundak
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yavuzsen
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oztop
authors.forename: Sabri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barutca
authors.forename: Ugur
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Mehmet Niyazi
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Alakavuklar
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000139:chemically induced; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000139:chemically induced; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil