title: The impact of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder on short-term clinical outcome in hospitalized patients with depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often comorbid with other psychiatric disorders but often goes unrecognized. The effects of PTSD comorbidity are unclear, especially in patients with severe mental illness. The authors assessed short-term clinical outcome in severely depressed psychiatric inpatients with and without comorbid PTSD.
  
  
  METHODS
  From patients hospitalized between 1995 and 2000, all patients with depression and comorbid PTSD (N=587) were selected and matched with depressed patients without PTSD (N=587). Clinical outcome was assessed with a semistructured, physician-administered battery. Differences between the two groups were examined, with overall burden of psychiatric illness entered as a covariate in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to depressed patients without PTSD, depressed patients with PTSD had, at discharge, greater psychiatric symptom severity and higher levels of depression and hostility. Depressed patients with comorbid PTSD also had a significantly higher rate of being discharged against medical advice (odds ratio=6.10, 95% CI 2.96-12.57).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTSD comorbidity correlates with poorer short-term clinical outcome and greater likelihood of discharge against medical advice in severely depressed psychiatric inpatients. Better recognition of PTSD comorbidity may improve overall care of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave., Box 359911, Seattle, WA 98104-2499, USA.
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Holtzheimer
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zatzick
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bundy
authors.forename: Peter P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Roy-Byrne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006778:Hospitals, Psychiatric; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010351:Patient Discharge; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014861:Washington / Q000453:epidemiology