title: Structure elucidation of phase II metabolites by tandem mass spectrometry: an overview.
abstract: The present paper provides a summary of the collision-induced dissociation of protonated and deprotonated phase II metabolites of drugs and pesticides. This overview is based on published literature and unpublished data from the authors. In particular, glutathione conjugates and their biotransformation products are discussed in detail. In addition, the fragmentation of the major classes of conjugates, i.e. glucuronides, glucosides, malonylglucosides, sulfates, acetates, methyl and glycine conjugates, is reported. Collision-induced dissociation, as studied by tandem mass spectrometry, allows the rapid identification of the type of conjugate, whereas the exact conjugation site can in general be determined only by additional NMR experiments.
authors.affiliation: Fraunhofer Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Nikolai-Fuchs-Str 1, D 30625 Hannover, Germany. levsen@item.fraunhofer.de
authors.forename: Karsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Levsen
authors.forename: Hans-Martin
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schiebel
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Behnke
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dötzer
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dreher
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elend
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thiele
mesh_terms: D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations