title: Coping skills and parent support mediate the association between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and adolescent cigarette use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine mediators of the association between childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and adolescent cigarette use.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 142 adolescents diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and 100 adolescents without ADHD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among probands, cigarette smoking was more frequent, adaptive coping skills (behavioral and cognitive) were fewer, and parental support was lower. Coping and support partially mediated the ADHD association with smoking. Persistence of ADHD and adolescent conduct disorder were also important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vulnerability to smoking among probands may be partly due to fewer problem-solving resources. Coping skill deficits and parent-child communication may be important treatment targets for smoking prevention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. molinab@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Brooke S G
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Molina
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Marshal
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pelham
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wirth
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000294:Adolescent Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D003142:Communication; D015897:Comorbidity; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention