title: The response of clinical balanitis xerotica obliterans to the application of topical steroid-based creams.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using topical steroid-based creams in the management of clinically diagnosed balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) in boys.
  
  
  METHODS
  The response in 56 boys to locally applied steroid-based creams was studied retrospectively. All had been referred by their general practitioners with symptoms of penile pathology and then subsequently had a clinical diagnosis of BXO made. The boys were initially assessed after 3 months of treatment and then at various intervals depending on their response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at presentation of the boys was 8.9 (4 to 15) years. After the initial 3-month assessment, 10 (17.9%) boys had complete resolution. When the treatment period was prolonged by an average of 14 months, the total number of boys showing resolution increased to 17 (30.4%). All boys showing resolution had clinically mild BXO limited to the prepuce only. Those patients with established scar formation on the foreskin showed no significant improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical steroids seem to offer a reliable option only in the management of mild BXO limited to the prepuce in boys with minimal scar formation. Steroid-based creams can be offered to such patients provided they and their families are realistic as to the likelihood of success. This treatment is ineffective in the face of established scarring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Sheffield Children's Hospital, S10 2TH Sheffield, UK. michvincent@yahoo.com <michvincent@yahoo.com>
authors.forename: Michelle Valerie
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Ewan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mackinnon
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001446:Balanitis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001623:Betamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018459:Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001623:Betamethasone; D006854:Hydrocortisone