title: Surgical management of primary bladder diverticula in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to review the authors' surgical experience with primary bladder diverticula in the pediatric population, with special attention to associated urinary tract infections and voiding dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review yielded 21 pediatric patients with primary bladder diverticula treated surgically over a 13-year span. Patients with secondary diverticula were excluded. Charts were reviewed and patients were contacted in regards to several factors. Diverticula were diagnosed preoperatively by radiography on a voiding cystourethrogram. Diverticula, which were only found intraoperatively and not on VCUG, were not included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age at presentation was 8.16 years (range of 0.17-12.91 years). The sex predominance was male, 17 (81%) of 21. Mean follow-up was 44.2 months (range of 6-156 months). The diverticula were associated with ureters requiring reimplantation in 15 of 21 patients (72.4%); only 6 (28.6%) of 21 were isolated diverticula. Nineteen (90.5%) of 21 patients presented with infections, and all 19 (100%) have had complete resolution of infections. Of the total, a subset of 6 patients with isolated diverticula and no evidence of reflux had total resolution of their infections. Twelve patients presented with voiding dysfunction. Eight of these 12 patients had improvement of their voiding dysfunction with complete resolution in 2 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this series, infections were eliminated with surgical excision of the primary diverticula. Surgical repair was also associated with improvement of voiding dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA. aevangel@kumc.edu <aevangel@kumc.edu>
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Evangelidis
authors.forename: Erik P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Castle
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ostlie
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: J Patrick
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004240:Diverticulum / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D014555:Urination Disorders; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*