title: Current subjective state of health, and longitudinal psychological well-being over a period of 10 years, in a cohort of adults with congenital cardiac disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the current subjective state of health, and the longitudinal course of psychological well-being, in adult patients with congenital cardiac malformations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our study concerns the second follow-up of a cohort of patients with congenital cardiac malformations. We examined 362 consecutive patients, aged from 20 to 46 years, who underwent surgical procedures for treatment of congenital cardiac disease between 1968 and 1980, specifically for treatment of atrial and ventricular septal defects, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition, and pulmonary stenosis. The patients were submitted to extensive medical and psychological examination. During psychological examination, in which all patients were seen by the same psychologist (EvR), patients filled in questionnaires concerning their current subjective state of health, using the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and psychological well-being, answering the Heart Patients Psychological Questionnaire. The data we acquired at their first follow-up was used to measure the longitudinal course of psychological well-being over the intervening period of 10 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared to a reference group, the patients assessed their state of health less favourably concerning physical functioning, but more favourable with regard to social functioning, bodily pain, and limitations of role due to emotional problems. Younger female patients reported more limitations of role due to physical functioning than did the female patients who were older. Patients with transposition showed a negative trend for their subjective state of health, but reported the least bodily pain. Within the overall group of patients, displeasure had increased, while social inhibition had decreased, over the intervening period of 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extra attention should be paid to the subjective experiences of young female patients with congenital cardiac disease. The patients with transposed arterial trunks seem overall to experience poorer physical health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre-Sophia, 300 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands. vanrijen@fsw.eur.nl
authors.forename: Elisabeth H M
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: van Rijen
authors.forename: Elisabeth M W J
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Utens
authors.forename: Jolien W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Roos-Hesselink
authors.forename: Folkert J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Meijboom
authors.forename: Ron T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: van Domburg
authors.forename: Jos R T C
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Roelandt
authors.forename: Ad J J C
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Bogers
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Verhulst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors