title: Colloidal carriers for ophthalmic drug delivery.
abstract: To achieve effective drug concentration at the intended site for a sufficient period of time is a requisite desired for many drug formulations. For drugs intended to ocular delivery, its poor bioavailability is due to pre-corneal factors. Most ocular diseases are treated by topical drug application in the form of solution, suspension and ointment. However, such dosage forms are no longer sufficient to combat some ocular diseases. Intravitreal drug injection is the current therapy for disorders in posterior segment. The procedure is associated with a high risk of complications, particularly when frequent, repeated injections are required. Thus, sustained-release technologies are being proposed, and the benefits of using colloidal carriers in intravitreal injections are currently under investigation for posterior drug delivery. This review will discuss recent progress and specific development issues relating to colloidal drug delivery systems, such as liposomes, niosomes, nanoparticles, and microemulsions in ocular drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual Paulista-Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú, Km 1, 14806-192, Araraquara-SP, Brazil. mainardes@fcfar.unesp.br
authors.forename: Rubiana Mara
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mainardes
authors.forename: Maria Cristina Cocenza
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Urban
authors.forename: Priscila Oliveira
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Cinto
authors.forename: Najeh Maissar
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Khalil
authors.forename: Marco Vinícius
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Chaud
authors.forename: Raul Cesar
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Evangelista
authors.forename: Maria Palmira Daflon
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gremiao
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D003102:Colloids; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004655:Emulsions; D005123:Eye / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D049329:Nanostructures; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions
chemical_list: D003102:Colloids; D004655:Emulsions; D008081:Liposomes; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions