title: High resolution reaction intermediates of rabbit muscle fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase: substrate cleavage and induced fit.
abstract: Crystal structures were determined to 1.8 A resolution of the glycolytic enzyme fructose-1,6-bis(phosphate) aldolase trapped in complex with its substrate and a competitive inhibitor, mannitol-1,6-bis(phosphate). The enzyme substrate complex corresponded to the postulated Schiff base intermediate and has reaction geometry consistent with incipient C3-C4 bond cleavage catalyzed Glu-187, which is adjacent by to the Schiff base forming Lys-229. Atom arrangement about the cleaved bond in the reaction intermediate mimics a pericyclic transition state occurring in nonenzymatic aldol condensations. Lys-146 hydrogen-bonds the substrate C4 hydroxyl and assists substrate cleavage by stabilizing the developing negative charge on the C4 hydroxyl during proton abstraction. Mannitol-1,6-bis(phosphate) forms a noncovalent complex in the active site whose binding geometry mimics the covalent carbinolamine precursor. Glu-187 hydrogen-bonds the C2 hydroxyl of the inhibitor in the enzyme complex, substantiating a proton transfer role by Glu-187 in catalyzing the conversion of the carbinolamine intermediate to Schiff base. Modeling of the acyclic substrate configuration into the active site shows Glu-187, in acid form, hydrogen-bonding both substrate C2 carbonyl and C4 hydroxyl, thereby aligning the substrate ketose for nucleophilic attack by Lys-229. The multifunctional role of Glu-187 epitomizes a canonical mechanistic feature conserved in Schiff base-forming aldolases catalyzing carbohydrate metabolism. Trapping of tagatose-1,6-bis(phosphate), a diastereoisomer of fructose 1,6-bis(phosphate), displayed stereospecific discrimination and reduced ketohexose binding specificity. Each ligand induces homologous conformational changes in two adjacent alpha-helical regions that promote phosphate binding in the active site.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: St-Jean
authors.forename: Julien
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lafrance-Vanasse
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liotard
authors.forename: Jurgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sygusch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005635:Fructosediphosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008355:Mannitol Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011817:Rabbits; D012545:Schiff Bases; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D005635:Fructosediphosphates; D008355:Mannitol Phosphates; D012545:Schiff Bases; D005634:Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; C029063:fructose-1,6-diphosphate