title: Difference in matrix-degrading protease expression and activity between thrombus-free and thrombus-covered wall of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that the intraluminal thrombus of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) predisposes for AAA rupture. Here, we examined the possibility that the intraluminal thrombus influences expression and activity of matrix-degrading proteases in the AAA wall.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty patients undergoing elective repair of AAAs were included. From each patient, specimens from both thrombus-covered and thrombus-free wall were taken for analysis. Gene arrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -7, -9, and -12 expressions were upregulated in the thrombus-free wall compared with the thrombus-covered wall. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the differential expression of MMP-9 but also localized MMP-9 to the interface between the thrombus and the underlying vessel wall. MMP-9 expression was colocalized with the presence of macrophages. Similar expression patterns were observed for urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Gelatinase activity was detected in the same regions as MMP-9 protein expression, ie, within the thrombus-free wall and in the interface between the thrombus and the underlying wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present work demonstrates that protease expression and activity differs within the aneurysm wall. The source and activity of the proteases responsible for the degradation of the thrombus-covered wall need to be further determined.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis Research Unit, King Gustav V Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Monsur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kazi
authors.forename: Chaoyong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Joy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Gabrielle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paulsson-Berne
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamsten
authors.forename: Jesper
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swedenborg
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hedin
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; C507122:MMP12 protein, human; D053508:Matrix Metalloproteinase 12; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1