title: Experience with the baerveldt glaucoma implant in the management of pediatric glaucoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical outcome in 48 eyes of 48 children who received a Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI) for the management of pediatric glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients with pediatric glaucoma who underwent a BGI at two tertiary care referral centers in Los Angeles between 1990 and 1999 were reviewed. Intraocular pressure (IOP), intraoperative and postoperative complications, number of glaucoma medications, visual acuity, and pre- and postoperative corneal diameter and axial length were collected from patient records. Criteria for success were IOP between 6 and 21 mm Hg with or without glaucoma medications, no need for further glaucoma surgery, the absence of visually threatening complications, and some residual vision (minimum visual acuity of light perception).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 48 eyes from 48 patients aged 16 years and younger (mean age 4.1 years). Mean preoperative IOP was 31.2 +/- 25.7 mm Hg, and mean postoperative IOP was 16.4 +/- 4.9 mm Hg. Cumulative probability of success (based on the Kaplan-Meier survival curve) was 95% at 6 months, 90% at 1 year, 84% at 2 years, 74% at 36 months, and 58% at 48 months. On average, the BGIs were successful for a mean period of 5.6 years (67.7 months). Overall, 11 eyes failed, with the causes being uncontrolled IOP (eight eyes), retinal detachment (two eyes), and no light perception (one eye).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baerveldt glaucoma implants can be a safe and effective treatment modality for the management of pediatric glaucoma refractive to medical therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo/Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rolim de Moura
authors.forename: Samantha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fraser-Bell
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Labree
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nilfors
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varma
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000151:congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D020327:Glaucoma Drainage Implants; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity