title: In vitro availability of kaempferol glycosides from cream formulations of methanolic extract of the leaves of Melilotus elegans.
abstract: In Ethiopian traditional medicine, Melilotus elegans Salzm. ex Ser. (Leguminosae) is used for the treatment of haemorrhoids and lacerated wounds. In view of its wide spread use and proven anti-inflammatory activity, 80% methanolic extract of the leaves was formulated into creams. HPLC/UV and MS studies revealed the presence of flavonoids, of which kaempferol was the major aglycone. Quantitative estimation of kaempferol in the hydrolyzed extract as determined by HPLC/UV was found to be 16.3+/-0.93 microg/mg (n=6, range) of extract. The in vitro release profiles of kaempferol glycosides (quantified as kaempferol equivalent) from the cream formulations in a multilayer membrane system indicated that a lipophilic cream of the extract provides higher release of kaempferol glycosides than hydrophilic and amphiphilic ones. Over a study period of 4h, the lipophilic cream released 66+/-5.70% of kaempferol glycosides, while the hydrophilic and amphiphilic creams resulted in 55+/-2.77 and 38+/-2.30% release, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. tsigegmw@phar.aau.edu.et
authors.forename: Tsige
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gebre-Mariam
authors.forename: Kaleab
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asres
authors.forename: Melkamu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Getie
authors.forename: Abebe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endale
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Neubert
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001682:Biological Availability; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D029903:Melilotus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D000432:Methanol; D009824:Ointments; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D044949:Kaempferols; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009824:Ointments; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; C006552:kaempferol; D000432:Methanol