title: Vibroacoustic stimulation for fetal assessment in labour in the presence of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate trace.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fetal vibroacoustic stimulation is a simple, non-invasive technique where a device is placed on the maternal abdomen over the region of the fetal head and sound is emitted at a predetermined level for several seconds. It is hypothesized that the resultant startle reflex in the fetus and subsequent fetal heart rate acceleration or transient tachycardia following vibroacoustic stimulation provide reassurance of fetal well-being. This technique has been proposed as a tool to assess fetal well-being in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocographic trace during the first and second stages of labour.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of vibroacoustic stimulation in the assessment of fetal well-being during labour, compared with mock or no stimulation for women with a singleton pregnancy exhibiting a non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern.
  
  
  METHODS
  We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (30 September 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004), MEDLINE (January 1966 to January 2005), EMBASE (January 1966 to January 2005) and reference lists of all retrieved articles. We sought unpublished trials and abstracts submitted to major international congresses and contacted expert informants.
  
  
  METHODS
  All published and unpublished randomised trials that compared maternal and fetal/neonatal/infant outcomes when vibroacoustic stimulation was used to evaluate fetal status in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocographic trace during labour, compared with mock or no stimulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent review authors identified potential studies from the literature search and assessed them for methodological quality and appropriateness of inclusion, using a data extraction form. Attempts to contact study authors for additional information were unsuccessful.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The search strategies yielded six studies for consideration of inclusion. However, none of these studies fulfilled the requirements for inclusion in this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are currently no randomised controlled trials that address the safety and efficacy of vibroacoustic stimulation used to assess fetal well-being in labour in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocographic trace. Although vibroacoustic stimulation has been proposed as a simple, non-invasive tool for assessment of fetal well-being, there is insufficient evidence from randomised trials on which to base recommendations for use of vibroacoustic stimulation in the evaluation of fetal well-being in labour in the presence of a non-reassuring cardiotocographic trace.
authors.affiliation: Perinatal Research Centre, University of Queensland, Royal Women's Hospital, Butterfield Street, Herston, Queensland, Australia, 4029. ceast@somc.uq.edu.au
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: East
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Leader
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Henshall
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Colditz
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Tan
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006340:Heart Rate, Fetal / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000502:physiology