title: Does education moderate neuropsychological impairment in late-life depression?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The increased resistance of better-educated individuals to the cognitive effects of neuropathology has been conceptualized as reflecting brain reserve. This study examined whether educational level influences the degree of neuropsychological impairment associated with late-life depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The neuropsychological performances of 115 older depressed patients and of 44 comparison subjects of similar age and education were compared as a function of educational level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While depressed patients performed worse than comparison subjects on all the measures, the severity of this impairment (with respect to comparison subjects) did not differ with the educational level of the patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain reserve, as indexed by the patients' level of education, does not mitigate the cognitive decrements associated with late-life depression.
authors.affiliation: Intervention Research Center for the Study of Late-Life Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Rishi K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bhalla
authors.forename: Meryl A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Butters
authors.forename: Michelle D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Zmuda
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seligman
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Pollock
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Reynolds
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D004522:Educational Status; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales