title: Does hypertension protect against chronic musculoskeletal complaints? The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although an inverse relationship between pain sensitivity and hypertension has been described, it is still unknown whether hypertension may protect against chronic musculoskeletal complaints (MSCs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of chronic MSCs at various anatomical sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two consecutive public health studies within the county of Nord-Trøndelag, Norway, were conducted between January 5, 1984, and February 15, 1986 (Nord-Trøndelag Health Study [HUNT] 1), and from August 1995 to June 1997 (HUNT-2). Among 46 901 adults who participated in both surveys, 24 127 (51.4%) in HUNT-2 who reported MSCs continuously for at least 3 months during the past year were defined as having chronic MSCs. The prevalence of chronic MSCs was estimated using multiple logistic regression, with odds ratio and 95% confidence interval as measures of association with systolic and diastolic BP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high systolic and diastolic BP was associated with a 10% to 60% lower prevalence of chronic MSCs, and there was a strong linear trend (P<.001) of decreasing prevalence of chronic MSCs with increasing BP values. The findings were remarkably consistent at all anatomical sites, for both sexes, across all age groups, and for systolic and diastolic BP measured in HUNT-1 and HUNT-2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals with a high BP had a lower prevalence of chronic MSCs than individuals with a normal BP. One possible explanation may be the phenomenon of hypertension-associated hypalgesia, due to an interaction between the cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems. The effect of antihypertensive medication on this interaction should be evaluated in further studies.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7006 Trondheim, Norway. knut.hagen@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hagen
authors.forename: John-Anker
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zwart
authors.forename: Jostein
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmen
authors.forename: Sven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Svebak
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bovim
authors.forename: Lars Jacob
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Stovner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents