title: HIV and intimate partner violence among methadone-maintained women in New York City.
abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been recognized as a risk factor for HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among women, particularly among those who are drug involved. This study examines the temporal relationships between sexual and/or physical partner violence (IPV) and sexual risk of HIV/STI transmission in a longitudinal study with a random sample of 416 women enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment programs in New York City. Two hypotheses are tested: whether sexual risk-related factors or risk reduction behavior leads to subsequent IPV (H1); and whether IPV decreases likelihood of subsequent risk reduction behavior (i.e., requesting to use condoms) or increases likelihood of certain sexual risk-related factors (i.e., inconsistent condom use, having unprotected anal sex, having more than one partner, exchanging sex for drugs or money, having had an STI, being HIV positive, having a partner who engaged in HIV risk) (H2). Participants were interviewed at three waves: baseline, six months and twelve months. Hypotheses were examined using propensity score matching and multiple logistic regression analyses. The prevalence rate of any physical or sexual IPV was 46% at baseline. Findings for H1 indicate that women who reported always using condoms at wave 2 were significantly less likely than women who reported inconsistent or no condom use to experience subsequent IPV at wave 3. Similarly, increased risk of IPV at wave 3 was associated with self-reported STIs (OR=2.0, p=.03), and unprotected anal sex (OR= 2.0, p<.01); always requesting that partners use condoms was associated with a significant decrease in subsequent IPV (OR=.18, p<.01). Findings for H2 suggest that IPV at wave 2 decreased the subsequent likelihood of always using condoms at wave 3 (OR=.41, p<.01) and always requesting that a partner use condoms (OR=.42, p=.02). The implications of the findings for HIV prevention interventions for women on methadone are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Social Intervention Group, Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY 10027, USA. ne5@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Nabila
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: El-Bassel
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Elwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Hyun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Go
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017579:Domestic Violence; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000635:transmission*; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008691:Methadone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City; D021841:Safe Sex; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000635:transmission
chemical_list: D008691:Methadone