[Biochemical diagnostics in acute pancreatitis recognition and outcome predicition].
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common disease associated with an improper activation of pancreatic zymogens leading to autodigestion of the gland and if excessive--to multiple organ dysfunction. Acute necrotizing pancreatitis manifested by 20% of patients with acute pancreatitis is a life threatening disorder requiring subsequent management in intensive care unit. Unfortunately, none of biochemical tests presently used for laboratory assessment of acute pancreatitis at the early stage of the disease is able to estimate accurately: diagnosis, etiology and severity. At present, diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is based on evaluation of serum amylase and lipase activity due to easy availability and simplicity of these enzymatic tests. Low specificity of the mentioned enzymes resulted in studies concerning pancreatic isoamylase, elastase-1, chymotrypsine, procarboxy-peptidase B, trypsinogen-2 and immunoreactive trypsinogen usefulness in the laboratory diagnosis of AP. The prediction of severity in acute pancreatitis using multifactorial scoring systems is cumbersome especially due to their complexity. On the other hand the biochemical method of choice, estimation of serum C reactive protein, is useless in the early phase of disease. Unfortunately, the computed tomography--the most accurate method in severity assessing--is not always available. Recent studies have brought some progress in severity predicting, such as phospholipase A2, cellular immunity markers, cytokines, activation peptides of trypsinogen and carboxypeptidase B, procalcitonine, pancreatitis associated protein and serum amyloid A. All these newly introduced biochemical methods allow to look optimistically into the future of laboratory diagnostics of the acute pancreatitis believing that the problem of diagnosing and predicting the AP severity will be solved.
Olczyk
Paweł
P
Katedra i Zakład Chemii Klinicznej i Diagnostyki Laboratoryjnej, Slaska Akademia Medyczna, Sosnowiec. olczyk@slam.katowice.pl
Kozma
Ewa M
EM
Olczyk
Krystyna
K
Komosińska-Vassev
Katarzyna
K
D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000378:metabolism; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D000073718:Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C000612141:REG3A protein, human; D002116:Calcitonin; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D043424:Carboxypeptidase B