title: Increased cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women.
abstract: Little is known regarding cardiovascular disease risk indices in HIV-infected women. This study investigated cardiovascular disease risk indices in 100 consecutively recruited HIV-infected women and 75 healthy female control subjects. Subjects were recruited from hospital- and community-based health care providers. C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, lipid, and glucose levels were the main outcome measures. CT scan, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and anthropometry were used to assess body composition. Although similar in age, weight, and racial composition, HIV-infected women demonstrated higher CRP (4.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.4 mg/L, P = 0.007), IL-6 (2.7 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.1 pg/mL, P = 0.02), triglyceride (1.84 +/- 0.21 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.05 mM, P = 0.0002), 2-hour glucose after oral glucose challenge (6.88 +/- 0.22 vs. 5.72 +/- 0.17 mM, P = 0.0003), and fasting insulin (81 +/- 8 vs. 45 +/- 2 pM, P = 0.0002) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (1.17 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.45 +/- 0.05 mM, P < 0.0001) and adiponectin (5.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.5 mg/L, P = 0.0001) levels compared with the control population. HIV-infected women had more abdominal visceral fat and less extremity fat by CT and DXA scan and demonstrated a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) than the control population. Within the HIV group, CRP and other indices were significantly related to body composition in stepwise regression models. Among all subjects, WHR, but not HIV status, was significantly related to CRP and other cardiovascular disease risk indices. HIV-infected women demonstrate significantly increased risk factors for cardiovascular disease in association with abnormal fat distribution.
authors.affiliation: Program in Nutritional Metabolism, General Clinical Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Sara E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Colleen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hadigan
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Killilea
authors.forename: Meghan P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hemphill
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schoenfeld
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grinspoon
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001823:Body Composition; D049628:Body Size; D001900:Boston; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D015415:Biomarkers; D008055:Lipids; D002097:C-Reactive Protein