title: DNA interaction with naturally occurring antioxidant flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, and delphinidin.
abstract: Flavonoids are strong antioxidants that prevent DNA damage. The anticancer and antiviral activities of these natural products are implicated in their mechanism of actions. However, there has been no information on the interactions of these antioxidants with individual DNA at molecular level. This study was designed to examine the interaction of quercetin (que), kaempferol (kae), and delphinidin (del) with calf-thymus DNA in aqueous solution at physiological conditions, using constant DNA concentration (6.5 mmol) and various drug/DNA(phosphate) ratios of 1/65 to 1. FTIR and UV-Visible difference spectroscopic methods are used to determine the drug binding sites, the binding constants and the effects of drug complexation on the stability and conformation of DNA duplex. Structural analysis showed quercetin, kaempferol, and delphinidin bind weakly to adenine, guanine (major groove), and thymine (minor groove) bases, as well as to the backbone phosphate group with overall binding constants K(que) = 7.25 x 10(4)M(-1), K(kae) = 3.60 x 10(4)M(-1), and K(del) = 1.66 x 10(4)M(-1). The stability of adduct formation is in the order of que>kae>del. Delphinidin with a positive charge induces more stabilizing effect on DNA duplex than quercetin and kaempferol. A partial B to A-DNA transition occurs at high drug concentrations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemistry, Department of Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Kanakis
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tarantilis
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Polissiou
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Diamantoglou
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Tajmir-Riahi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D044949:Kaempferols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation / Q000187:drug effects; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012996:Solutions; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D044949:Kaempferols; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; C006552:kaempferol; D004247:DNA; C427203:calf thymus DNA; D011794:Quercetin; C017185:delphinidin