Linking socio-economic factors, environment and land cover in the German Highlands, 1945-1999.
Land-cover changes are caused by human activities and natural ecological processes. Thus, our study uses an interdisciplinary approach to research land-cover changes. We present a method to (i) link socio-economic/environmental factors and land-cover changes, (ii) identify indicators of land-cover changes, and (iii) distinguish between socio-economic and environmental indicators associated with local types of overall land-cover changes. The study was conducted in the Lahn-Dill Highlands, Germany, a typical marginal rural landscape. In this region, we investigated land-cover changes occurring over the period 1945-1999. Land-cover data were derived from multi-temporal aerial photographs. Types of overall land-cover changes characterising the districts within the study area were differentiated. With the help of redundancy analysis (RDA), we analysed the relationships between land-cover changes and widely available socio-economic/environmental factors. The results reveal that both individual land-cover changes at patch level and types of overall land-cover changes characterising districts are correlated with socio-economic and environmental factors. Whereas the stable environmental factors are drivers of land-cover changes in our rural study area, socio-economic factors introduced into the analysis mostly result from land-cover changes. We identified correlative socio-economic indicators that cannot explain land-cover changes, but that in combination with the environmental factors can be used to greatly facilitate the reconstruction of past land-cover changes and thus lead to a better knowledge of land-cover history. Based on the types of overall land-cover changes, the results of the study can be adopted for the study of land-cover changes in other regions.
Hietel
Elke
E
Department of Environmental Engineering, Fachhochschule Bingen--University of Applied Sciences, Berlinstr. 109, D-55411 Bingen, Germany. e.hietel@fh-bingen.de <e.hietel@fh-bingen.de>
Waldhardt
Rainer
R
Otte
Annette
A
D000383:Agriculture / Q000266:history; D004777:Environment; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005858:Germany; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D012923:Social Class