Biphasic effects of geranylgeraniol, teprenone, and phytol on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus.
We examined the antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus of three diterpenes, namely, geranylgeraniol, teprenone, and phytol, by using a broth dilution with shaking method to identify the effects of diterpenes with long aliphatic carbon chains. We also performed time-kill assays and measured the leakage of K(+) ions from bacterial cells in response to these diterpenes. The diterpenes used inhibited the growth of S. aureus at concentrations of 0.15 microg/ml, as determined by damage to the cell membranes, and had clear bactericidal activity. However, the inhibitory effects of the diterpenes decreased when the concentration of each was raised above a certain level. The diterpenes tested in this study appeared to have both growth-inhibitory and growth-accelerating effects, and the net effect of each depended on its concentration.
Inoue
Yoshihiro
Y
Department of Microbiology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan. inoue@ac.shoyaku.ac.jp
Hada
Toshiko
T
Shiraishi
Akiko
A
Hirose
Kazuma
K
Hamashima
Hajime
H
Kobayashi
Shigeki
S
D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010836:Phytol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D003470:Culture Media; D004224:Diterpenes; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010836:Phytol; C017338:geranylgeraniol; D011188:Potassium; C031049:geranylgeranylacetone