title: Growth status and estimated growth rate of youth football players: a community-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the growth status of participants in community-sponsored youth football programs and to estimate rates of growth in height and weight.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mixed-longitudinal over 2 seasons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two communities in central Michigan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Members of 33 youth football teams in 2 central Michigan communities in the 2000 and 2001 seasons (Mid-Michigan PONY Football League).
  
  
  METHODS
  Height and weight of all participants were measured prior to each season, 327 in 2000 and 326 in 2001 (n = 653). The body mass index (kg/m) was calculated. Heights and weights did not differ from season to season and between the communities; the data were pooled and treated cross-sectionally. Increments of growth in height and weight were estimated for 166 boys with 2 measurements approximately 1 year apart to provide an estimate of growth rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Growth status (size-attained) of youth football players relative to reference data (CDC) for American boys and estimated growth rate relative to reference values from 2 longitudinal studies of American boys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median heights of youth football players approximate the 75th percentiles, while median weights approximate the 75th percentiles through 11 years and then drift toward the 90th percentiles of the reference. Median body mass indexes of youth football players fluctuate about the 85th percentiles of the reference. Estimated growth rates in height approximate the reference and may suggest earlier maturation, while estimated growth rates in weight exceed the reference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Youth football players are taller and especially heavier than reference values for American boys. Estimated rates of growth in height approximate medians for American boys and suggest earlier maturation. Estimated rates of growth in weight exceed those of the reference and may place many youth football players at risk for overweight/obesity, which in turn may be a risk factor for injury.
authors.affiliation: Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX, USA. rmalina@wcnet.net
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Malina
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morano
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Barron
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Sean P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Cumming
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005538:Football / Q000502:physiology*; D006128:Growth / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods*; D011336:Probability