title: Birth intervals and injectable contraception in sub-Saharan Africa.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interval between births is associated with child survival in the developing world. We aimed to investigate associations between use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and other reversible contraception and short birth intervals in sub-Saharan Africa.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from successive Demographic and Health Surveys undertaken in nine African countries were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to explain changes in the proportion of short birth intervals in four countries with relatively high use of reversible contraception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall odds ratio for the trend was 0.90 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.95) and this was unaffected by adjusting for the other variables. The odds of a short birth interval were reduced by exclusive breastfeeding (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.78) and increased by use of injectable contraception (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of short birth intervals has changed little over the last decade in a context of very low use of the intrauterine device. Widespread adoption of injectable contraception is associated with greater odds of a short birth interval, thus not contributing favorable conditions for improved child health.
authors.affiliation: 'Opportunities and Choices' Programme of Reproductive Health Research, Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute, University of Southampton, SO17 1BS Southampton, UK.
authors.forename: Kandala
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ngianga-Bakwin
authors.forename: R William
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Stones
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017954:Africa South of the Sahara; D001721:Birth Intervals; D002648:Child; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate