title: Bile duct ligation induced acute inflammation up-regulates cyclooxygenase-2 content and PGE2 release in guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle cell cultures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study examines hypotheses that BDL induces increased guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle PGE2 release by up-regulation of COX-2.
  
  
  METHODS
  BDL, Sham and Control Hartley guinea pig gallbladders were placed in cell culture, grown to confluence and underwent Western Blot analysis for smooth muscle cell content of COX-1, COX-2, Prostacylin Synthase, actin, caldesmon, vinculin, meta-vinculin and tropomyosin and were assayed for basal release of 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), PGE2 and TxB2 by EIA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BDL did not alter content of smooth muscle cytoskeletal proteins. BDL for 48 h increased smooth muscle cell release of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) by 3-fold or more when compared to the Control and Sham groups. Western Blot analysis showed increased content of COX-2 in the BDL group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BDL for 48 h markedly increased endogenous guinea pig smooth muscle cell PG release, which was due to increased COX-2 synthesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E. Broad St., West Hospital, Ninth Floor, Richmond, VA 23298-0108, USA. simyers@vcu.edu
authors.forename: S I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Bartula
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Colvin
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Parkman
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Braverman
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ruggieri
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000601:surgery*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D041881:Cholecystitis, Acute / Q000276:immunology*; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D005704:Gallbladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000276:immunology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008026:Ligation; D008297:Male; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D013929:Thromboxane B2; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone