title: Study on the resistance of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus.
abstract: In this study, the persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was observed in feces, urine and water. In addition, the inactivation of SARS-CoV in wastewater with sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide was also studied. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the virus could only persist for 2 days in hospital wastewater, domestic sewage and dechlorinated tap water, while 3 days in feces, 14 days in PBS and 17 days in urine at 20 degrees C. However, at 4 degrees C, the SARS-CoV could persist for 14 days in wastewater and at least 17 days in feces or urine. SARS-CoV is more susceptible to disinfectants than Escherichia coli and f2 phage. Free chlorine was found to inactivate SARS-CoV better than chlorine dioxide. Free residue chlorine over 0.5 mg/L for chlorine or 2.19 mg/L for chlorine dioxide in wastewater ensures complete inactivation of SARS-CoV while it does not inactivate completely E. coli and f2 phage.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Environment and Health, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Qing-Xin
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Nong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Gui-Jie
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bing-Yin
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Si
authors.forename: Bao-Zhong
authors.initials: BZ
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guo-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Min-Nian
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tong-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Fu-Huan
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Jun-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D017909:Levivirus / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000494:pharmacology; D014556:Urine / Q000821:virology; D038301:Virus Inactivation; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004202:Disinfectants; D010087:Oxides; D012367:RNA, Viral; D012722:Sewage; D002713:Chlorine; C025109:chlorine dioxide; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite