title: [Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with remote zeus surgical robotic system: report of 16 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the methodology and operative essentials of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with remote Zeus surgical robotic system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Based on strict training and successful experiment in animal model of swine, laparoscopic cholecystectomy using Zeus robotic system was performed on 16 patients with biliary diseases, including choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, polyposis of gallbladder, and chronic cholecystitis, 10 males and 16 females, aged 33 (14 approximately 27), 26 April to 31 August 2004. The general data, preoperative preparation time, operation time, amount of bleeding, complications, and hospitalization time were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All operations were performed without event. Along with the accumulation of experience the preoperative preparation time was shortened from 90 min to 30 min with an average of 41.7 min, and the operation time from 120 min to 30 min with an average of 64.4 min. The average amount of bleeding was 27.7 ml, and the average postoperative hospitalization time was 2.4 d. A telephone follow-up 30 days after operation showed no abnormality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with Zeus surgical robotic system is feasible and reliable with the advantages of clearer images in the field of operation, more precise handling, and remote surgery or education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University), Shenzhen 518020, China.
authors.forename: Han-xin
authors.initials: HX
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiao-fang
authors.initials: XF
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Fu-rong
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi-yun
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Bao
authors.forename: Jia-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yong-gong
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: An-shan
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jun-qing
authors.initials: JQ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Su-qiong
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lan-fen
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic / Q000379:methods*; D042883:Choledocholithiasis / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012371:Robotics; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery