title: Circulating acute phase mediators and skeletal muscle performance in hospitalized geriatric patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is growing evidence for the significant involvement of inflammatory processes in the development of muscle wasting in old age. Therefore, any disease accompanied by inflammation can be threatening to the muscle function in geriatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three hospitalized geriatric patients (42 female, 21 male; mean age 84.2 +/- 5.7 years) were monitored weekly for muscle function (grip strength, fatigue resistance, shoulder extension strength, and hip extension strength) and for concentration of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha alpha (TNF-alpha).
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the basis of circulating CRP and fibrinogen concentrations, 42 patients were categorized on admission as inflammatory and 21 as noninflammatory. Inflammatory patients presented significantly weaker grip strength, shoulder extension strength, and a worse fatigue resistance than did noninflammatory patients. These muscle functions were negatively correlated with the concentrations of circulating CRP and IL-6, but not with fibrinogen or TNF-alpha. In noninflammatory patients, the fatigue resistance improved significantly during the first week of hospitalization. In patients admitted with inflammation, no improvement of muscle function was observed. Patients who remained inflammatory for 2 weeks or more presented a significant worsening of fatigue resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Geriatric hospitalized patients presenting with inflammation show significantly worse muscle functions, which do not improve during hospitalization despite adequate treatment of the primary disease. Reduced strength and fatigue resistance are significantly related to the concentration of circulating CRP and IL-6. Standard treatment of the underlying illness and classic physical therapy are not sufficient to normalize the skeletal muscle strength and fatigue resistance in these hospitalized patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontology, Free University of Brussells (VUB), Belgium.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bautmans
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Njemini
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demanet
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mets
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000886:Anthropometry; D001530:Belgium; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009220:Myositis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein