Influence of different breathing maneuvers on internal and external organ motion: use of fiducial markers in dynamic MRI.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate, with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) and a fiducial marker, the influence of different breathing maneuvers on internal organ and external chest wall motion.


METHODS
Lung and chest wall motion of 16 healthy subjects (13 male, 3 female) were examined with real-time trueFISP (true fast imaging with steady-state precession) dMRI and a small inductively coupled marker coil on either the abdomen or thorax. Three different breathing maneuvers were performed (predominantly "abdominal breathing," "thoracic breathing," and unspecific "normal breathing"). The craniocaudal (CC), anteroposterior (AP), and mediolateral (ML) lung distances were correlated (linear regression coefficient) with marker coil position during forced and quiet breathing.


RESULTS
Differences of the CC distance between maximum forced inspiration and expiration were significant between abdominal and thoracic breathing (p < 0.05). The correlation between CC distance and coil position was best for forced abdominal breathing and a marker coil in the abdominal position (r = 0.89 +/- 0.04); for AP and ML distance, forced thoracic breathing and a coil in the thoracic position was best (r = 0.84 +/- 0.03 and 0.82 +/- 0.03, respectively). In quiet breathing, a lower correlation was found.


CONCLUSIONS
A fiducial marker coil external to the thorax in combination with dMRI is a new technique to yield quantitative information on the correlation of internal organ and external chest wall motion. Correlations are highly dependent on the breathing maneuver.
Plathow
Christian
C
Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. c.plathow@dkfz.de
Zimmermann
Hendrik
H
Fink
Christian
C
Umathum
Reiner
R
Schöbinger
Max
M
Huber
Peter
P
Zuna
Ivan
I
Debus
Juergen
J
Schlegel
Wolfgang
W
Meinzer
Hans-Peter
HP
Semmler
Wolfhard
W
Kauczor
Hans-Ulrich
HU
Bock
Michael
M
D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008168:Lung; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D012119:Respiration; D035441:Thoracic Wall