title: Effects of quipazine and m-chlorophenylbiguanide (m-CPBG) on temporal differentiation: evidence for the involvement of 5-HT2A but not 5-HT3 receptors in interval timing behaviour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Temporal differentiation refers to animals' ability to regulate their behaviour during an ongoing interval. Striatal dopaminergic mechanisms are purported to be involved in temporal differentiation, and recent evidence also implicates 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) mechanisms, possibly mediated by 5-HT(2A) receptors. There is evidence that 5-HT(3) receptors contribute to the regulation of dopamine release in the basal ganglia; however, it is not known whether 5-HT(3) receptor stimulation can influence temporal differentiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We examined the effects of a selective 5-HT(3) receptor agonist m-CPBG, a mixed 5-HT(2A/3) receptor agonist quipazine, and selective 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(2A) receptor antagonists (MDL-72222 and ketanserin, respectively) on temporal differentiation in a free-operant psychophysical procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four rats were trained to respond on two levers (A and B) under a free-operant psychophysical schedule, in which sucrose reinforcement (0.6 M: , 50 microl) was provided intermittently for responding on A during the first half and on B during the second half of 50-s trials. Logistic psychometric functions were fitted to the relative response rate data [percent responding on B (%B) vs time from trial onset (t)], and quantitative indices of timing performance [T (50) (value of t corresponding to %B=50), Weber fraction, and mean time of switching from A to B, S (50)] were derived.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quipazine (0.5, 1, and 2 mg kg(-1)) altered timing performance, dose-dependently reducing T (50) and S (50); m-CPBG (2.5, 5, and 10 mg kg(-1)) had no significant effect. The effect of quipazine was antagonized by ketanserin (2 mg kg(-1)), but not by MDL-72222 (1 mg kg(-1)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results provide no evidence for the involvement of 5-HT(3) receptors in temporal differentiation and indicate that the effect of quipazine on performance was mediated by 5-HT(2A) receptor stimulation. The results are consistent with previous evidence for the involvement of 5-HT(2A) receptors in interval timing behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Psychopharmacology Section, Division of Psychiatry, University of Nottingham, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK. Stephanie.Body@nottingham.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Body
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asgari
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rickard
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: K C F
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Fone
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Szabadi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001645:Biguanides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007650:Ketanserin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods; D011814:Quipazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A / Q000502:physiology; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000502:physiology; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D058830:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists; D058827:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013998:Time Perception / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D014326:Tropanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001645:Biguanides; D044402:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D058826:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Agonists; D058830:Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists; D058827:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Agonists; D058831:Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D014326:Tropanes; D011814:Quipazine; C065734:1-(3-chlorophenyl)biguanide; D007650:Ketanserin; C042253:bemesetron