title: Sex differences in outcome after ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have shown that early defibrillation programs improve survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Reports also suggest that women fare worse than men do after cardiovascular events, but there is no population-based study of sex differences after an OHCA with early defibrillation. We, therefore, compared the short- and long-term survival and quality-of-life (QOL) in women and men after an OHCA.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with a ventricular fibrillation (VF) OHCA who received early defibrillation in Olmstead County, Minnesota between November 1990 and December 2000 were included. Using medical records and the cardiac arrest database, the short- and long-term survival and QOL based on a SF-36 survey of each sex were compared. Adjusted QOL scores were obtained by using age- and sex-specific norms from a sample of the general U.S. population; an adjusted score of 50 (normalized mean) was considered normal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-seven female and 163 male patients presented with a VF OHCA and early defibrillation. Survival to hospital admission was significantly better for women than men [30 female survivors to admission (81%), 112 male (69%), p = 0.04]. Paradoxically, survival to discharge among those admitted was worse for women [13 female survivors to discharge (43%), 66 male (61%), p = 0.04]. The average length of follow-up was 4.8+/-3.0 years. The 5-year expected survival was 83% in women and 78% in men (p = 0.48). There was no difference in call-to-shock time (6+/-2, 6+/-2 min, p = 0.6) or whether the arrest was witnessed (86, 82%, p = 0.64). There was no statistical difference between women and men in age (64+/-17, 65+/-14 years), ejection fraction (40+/-17, 40+/-18%), diabetes (17, 29%, p = 0.16), hypertension (23, 28%, p = 0.58) or known CAD (27, 48%, p = 0.06). Adjusted QOL scores were similar between women and men in terms of pain (52+/-9, 52+/-10) vitality (47+/-11, 40+/-9), general health (49+/-9, 44+/-7), social function (51+/-10, 51+/-8), and mental health (50+/-10, 49+/-6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women are more likely to survive to hospital admission following an OHCA. However, admitted women less likely to survive their hospital stay. Long-term survival and QOL are equally favorable in both sexes.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
authors.forename: Srijoy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahapatra
authors.forename: T Jared
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bunch
authors.forename: Roger D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: David O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Douglas L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Packer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011788:Quality of Life; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012737:Sex Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*