title: Selective inhibitors differentially affect cyclooxygenase-dependent pial arteriolar responses in newborn pigs.
abstract: Cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostanoids play an important role in the cerebrovascular control of newborns. In humans and in the widely accepted model of piglets, both the COX-1 and the COX-2 isoforms are expressed in cerebral arteries. However, the involvement of these isoforms in cerebrovascular control is unknown. Therefore we tested if specific inhibitors of COX-1 and/or COX-2 would differentially affect pial arteriolar responses to COX-dependent stimuli in piglets. Anesthetized, ventilated piglets (n = 35) were equipped with a closed cranial window, and changes in pial arteriolar diameters (baseline approximately 100 microm) to hypercapnia (ventilation with 5-10% CO(2), 21% O(2), balance N(2)), arterial hypotension (40 mm Hg MABP achieved by blood withdrawal), and Ach (Ach, 10-100 microM) were determined via intravital microscopy. Arteriolar responses were repeatedly tested 15 min after IV administration of selective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors SC-560 and NS-398 (1-1 mg/kg), and nonselective inhibitors indomethacin (0.3-1 mg/kg), acetaminophen (30 mg/kg), and ibuprofen (30 mg/kg). Hypercapnia resulted in concentration-dependent, reversible, (approximately 20-40%) increases in pial arteriolar diameters that were unaffected by NS-398, SC-560, acetaminophen and ibuprofen. In contrast, 0.3 mg/kg indomethacin significantly reduced, 1 mg/kg virtually abolished the vasodilation. Arterial hypotension elicited (approximately 15-20%) vasodilation that was similarly reduced by NS-398 and indomethacin but was unaltered by SC-560. Ach dose-dependently constricted pial arterioles. This response was similarly attenuated by NS-398, indomethacin, and ibuprofen, but left intact by SC-560. We conclude that the assessed COX-dependent vascular reactions appear to depend largely on COX-2 activity. However, hypercapnia-induced vasodilation was found indomethacin-sensitive instead of a COX-dependent response in the piglet.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Szeged, H-6720, Hungary. domoki@phys.szote.u-szeged.hu
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Domoki
authors.forename: Krisztina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Temesvári
authors.forename: Ferenc
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bari
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006935:Hypercapnia / Q000503:physiopathology; D007022:Hypotension / Q000503:physiopathology; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000187:drug effects; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000502:physiology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D011720:Pyrazoles; C115461:SC 560; D013449:Sulfonamides; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; C080955:N-(2-cyclohexyloxy-4-nitrophenyl)methanesulfonamide; D000082:Acetaminophen; D051545:Cyclooxygenase 1; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin