title: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase binds to the AU-Rich 3' untranslated region of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) messenger RNA in human ovarian cancer cells: possible role in CSF-1 posttranscriptional regulation and tumor phenotype.
abstract: The overexpression of the colony-stimulating factor-1(CSF-1) by epithelial ovarian cancer cells enhances invasiveness and metastatic properties, contributing to the poor prognosis of the patients. It has been suggested that CSF-1 3' untranslated region containing AU-rich elements (ARE) could regulate CSF-1 posttranscriptional expression and be responsible for its aberrant abundance in such cancer cells. In this study, normal (NOSE.1) and malignant (Hey) ovarian epithelial cells were used to examine CSF-1 expression and regulation. CSF-1 overexpression in Hey cells was found to associate with increased invasiveness, motility, urokinase activity, and virulence of tumorigenicity, compared with NOSE.1 cells, which expressed little CSF-1. CSF-1 ARE was further found to serve as an mRNA decay element that correlates with down-regulation of protein translation. Moreover, such down-regulation was found more prominent in NOSE.1 than in Hey cells, suggesting differences in posttranscriptional regulation. As a variety of trans-acting factors [AU-binding protein (AUBP)] are known to modulate messenger stability through binding to such elements, we examined the protein content of both cell lines for their ability to bind the CSF-1 ARE. Our results strongly suggested the abundance of such AUBP activity in Hey cells. We isolated a 37-kDa AUBP, which was identified as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). To summarize, our study identified GAPDH as an AUBP abundant in Hey cells, where it binds to CSF-1 ARE that imparts mRNA decay. These data suggest that GAPDH binding to CSF-1 ARE sequence prevents CSF-1 mRNA decay and subsequent down-regulation of CSF-1 protein translation, leading to CSF-1 overexpression and increased metastatic properties seen in ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bonafé
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gilmore-Hebert
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Folk
authors.forename: Masoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azodi
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Setsuko K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Chambers
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D005987:Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenases