title: Cladosporium Avr2 inhibits tomato Rcr3 protease required for Cf-2-dependent disease resistance.
abstract: How plants recognize pathogens and activate defense is still mysterious. Direct interaction between pathogen avirulence (Avr) proteins and plant disease resistance proteins is the exception rather than the rule. During infection, Cladosporium fulvum secretes Avr2 protein into the apoplast of tomato leaves and, in the presence of the extracellular leucine-rich repeat receptor-like Cf-2 protein, triggers a hypersensitive response (HR) that also requires the extracellular tomato cysteine protease Rcr3. We show here that Avr2 binds and inhibits Rcr3 and propose that the Rcr3-Avr2 complex enables the Cf-2 protein to activate an HR.
authors.affiliation: Sainsbury Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Henrietta C E
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Van't Klooster
authors.forename: Renier A L
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: van der Hoorn
authors.forename: Matthieu H A J
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Joosten
authors.forename: Jonathan D G
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Pierre J G M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Wit
mesh_terms: D001710:Biotin / Q000378:metabolism; D002963:Cladosporium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*; D010843:Pichia; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; C419228:DCG 04; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D001710:Biotin; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D007930:Leucine; C024974:E 64