title: Does the use of 50% oxygen at birth in preterm infants reduce lung injury?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an inflammatory fibrotic condition produced as a consequence of injurious influences in the neonatal lung. Exposing the premature lung to high concentrations of oxygen is thought to play an important part in lung injury pathogenesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To see if the amount of oxygen used during resuscitation at birth triggers events that lead to the subsequent lung injury and if a reduction in oxygen used leads to a reduction in lung injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcomes of newborn babies less than 31 weeks gestation who were resuscitated using either 50% or 100% oxygen were examined. Eight of the babies receiving 50% oxygen required an increase in their oxygen concentration. Evidence of pulmonary inflammation was determined by quantifying interleukin 6, 1beta, and 10 and tumour necrosis factor alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in any of the cytokines studied in either of the groups. Death occurred in 5/26 (19%) babies who received 100% oxygen and 4/26 (15%) babies who received 50% oxygen. Survival without bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks postmenstrual age occurred in 14/26 (54%) and 13/26 (50%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reducing the oxygen to 50% at resuscitation did not influence either short or long term outcomes, but a small benefit could not be excluded. There was no increase in adverse clinical outcomes in babies who received 100% oxygen.
authors.affiliation: NICU, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Liverpool L8 7SS, UK. Elizabeth.Harling@lwh-tr.nwest.nhs.uk
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Harling
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Vince
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bates
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Yoxall
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000628:therapy*; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen