title: The clinical anatomy of undescended testis and varicocele for laparoscopic management.
abstract: Undescended testis or cryptorchidism remains a common condition. It affects 1% of individuals! and is treated by pediatric surgeons, urologists, and general surgeons depending on the age of the patient, spe- cialist services, and expertise available. Laparoscopy has been used for the localization of impalpable testis for more than 15years. However, minimal access surgery has now made its impact in this field of surgery in terms of surgical intervention. It is used not only for the localization of undescended testis but also to per- form Iaparosco'pic orchidectomy/ and both stages of the Foweler-Stevens orchiopexyY Minimal access surgery is also used for the ligation of the testicular vein for var-icocele.' The clinical anatomy of the unde- scended testis and varicocele is interrelated and therefore is dealt with in the same chapter, although there is no association between the two clinical conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Savalgi