title: The first century of the "clinica del lavoro" in Milan.
abstract: The Clinica del Lavoro was created in Milan at the beginning of the 20th century by Luigi Devotto, who deemed it essential for physicians and health researchers to get involved in the life and health problems of working populations. The main roles of the Clinica del Lavoro were to educate medical students and train physicians; study actual workplaces, examine health and safety hazards and their noxious effects; and create initiatives and services to protect and promote workers' health. Important scientific contributions were made in several fields, including chemical carcinogenesis, effects of mineral and biologicalfibers, mechanism of action of silica dust, methods for the detection and measurements of toxic substances in both the work environment and workers' biological media.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Clinica del Lavoro Luigi Devoto, Università degli Studi and Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento, Milan, Italy. pieralberto.bertazzi@unimi.it
authors.forename: Pier Alberto
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bertazzi
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Foà
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens; D004501:Education, Medical / Q000266:history*; D015386:Hazardous Substances; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000266:history*; D012449:Safety; D017132:Workplace; D047789:World War II
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D015386:Hazardous Substances