title: The proto-oncogene C-KIT maps to canid B-chromosomes.
abstract: Plant and animal karyotypes sometimes contain variable elements, that are referred to as additional or B-chromosomes. It is generally believed that B-chromosomes lack major genes and represent parasitic and selfish elements of a genome. Here we report, for the first time, the localization of a gene to B-chromosomes of mammals: red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and two subspecies of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides). Identification of the proto-oncogene C-KIT on B-chromosomes of two Canidae species that diverged from a common ancestor more than 12.5 million years ago argues against the current view of B-chromosomes. Analyses of fox B-chromosomal C-KIT gene from a flow-sorted fox B-chromosome-specific library revealed the presence of intron-exon boundaries and high identity between sequenced regions of canine and fox B-chromosomal C-KIT copies. Identification of C-KIT gene on all B-chromosomes of two canid species provides new insight into the origin and evolution of supernumeraries and their potential role in the genome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia. graf@bionet.nsc.ru
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Graphodatsky
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kukekova
authors.forename: Dmitry V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Yudkin
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Trifonov
authors.forename: Nadezhda V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Vorobieva
authors.forename: Violetta R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Beklemisheva
authors.forename: Polina L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Perelman
authors.forename: Daria A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Graphodatskaya
authors.forename: Lyudmila N
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Trut
authors.forename: Fengtang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Malcolm A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ferguson-Smith
authors.forename: Gregory M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Acland
authors.forename: Gustavo D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Aguirre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D033481:Chromosomes, Mammalian / Q000235:genetics*; D015342:DNA Probes; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005589:Foxes / Q000235:genetics*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000235:genetics*; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes / Q000235:genetics*; D046031:Raccoon Dogs / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit