title: Three-dimensional evaluation for augmented bone using guided bone regeneration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated new bone regeneration beyond the skeletal envelope within an occlusive titanium cap on rabbit calvaria using microfocus computed tomography images.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 rabbits, the calvaria was exposed and a circular groove was prepared. After penetrating the marrow, a standard hemispherical titanium cap was placed in the groove and covered with a cutaneous flap. After 1 or 3 months, the animals were killed and the calvariae and titanium caps were dissected. After taking microfocus computed tomography images of the specimens, histological sections were made. The specimens were observed using three-dimensional images constructed from the microfocus computed tomography images, and the histological sections were examined to compute bone parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three-dimensional images and histological specimens showed that new bone formed in flat, cup-like, and dome shapes. The bone parameters trabecular thickness and the proportion of marrow space to the capacity of the titanium cap increased, whereas bone density decreased, and there were significant differences between the 1- and 3-month groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First, a cylinder of new bone formed from the existing bone. Gradually, bone formed along the cap wall and the new tissue formed in a crater indented centrally. Finally, the new tissue formed in the shape of a dome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trabecular bone formed along the wall of the titanium cap, and bone filled the inside of the cap within 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Nikon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Major in Periodontology, Tokyo, Japan. tamura-tk@dent.nihon-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Yasumasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukase
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Goke
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003399:Craniotomy / Q000379:methods; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D020007:Implants, Experimental; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D014025:Titanium