title: Changes in conjugated linoleic acid and palmitoleic acid are correlated to retinol levels in chronic renal failure in both hemodialysis and conservative treatment patients.
abstract: An increase in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a natural fatty acid present in our diet, which possesses anticarcinogenic and antiatherogenic activities in experimental models, has been found in both the plasma and adipose tissue of end-stage chronic renal failure (ESCRF) patients. Increased levels of retinol have also been found in those patients, due to a reduced excretion of the retinol-binding protein. Since retinol is known to influence lipid metabolism, we evaluated whether changes in retinol, CLA, and other fatty acids are correlated in the plasma of CRF patients. We measured CLA, retinol, and unsaturated fatty acids in the plasma of the following groups: (A) 35 ESCRF patients; (B) 20 hemodialysis (HD) patients; (C) 20 healthy controls. Subjects with total cholesterol and/or triglycerides higher than 250 mg/dL were excluded. We found a significant increase in CLA, retinol, palmitoleic (16:1), and oleic (18:1) acids in ESCRF patients. In HD patients we found a similar pattern, however, CLA increase was not significant. No changes were observed in the other fatty acids measured. In the groups of ESCRF and HD patients, a positive correlation between the levels of plasma retinol and CLA, and between retinol and 16:1 was found. These correlations were not detected in controls. The abnormal levels of plasma retinol in CRF patients might partly explain the changes in CLA and 16:1. The influence of retinol levels on these fatty acids might be due to an induction of delta 9 desaturase. In fact, 16:1 is known to be produced, partly, by delta 9 desaturation of palmitic acid. Moreover, the formation of CLA from delta 9 desaturation of vaccenic acid-a trans-monounsaturated fatty acid present in our diet-has recently been demonstrated in humans. Nevertheless, our data do not represent direct evidence supporting an increased delta 9 desaturase activity in CRF patients. Another possible explanation might be a variation in the exogenous intake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy. lucchi.leonardo@policlinico.mo.it
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lucchi
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Banni
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iannone
authors.forename: Maria Paola
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Gianfranca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carta
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murru
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cordeddu
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stipo
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uggeri
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gatti
authors.forename: Vittoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Malaguti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Albertazzi
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014280:Triglycerides; D014801:Vitamin A; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D014527:Uric Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid