title: Female mice lacking estrogen receptor beta display prolonged ventricular repolarization and reduced ventricular automaticity after myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Major gender-based differences in the incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmia after myocardial infarction have been shown in humans. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, earlier studies suggest that estrogen receptor-mediated effects play a major role in this process.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We examined the effect of estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta) on the electrophysiological phenotype in female mice with and without chronic anterior myocardial infarction. There was no significant difference in overall mortality, infarct size, and parameters of left ventricular remodeling when we compared infarcted ERalpha-deficient and ERbeta-deficient mice with infarcted wild-type animals. In the 12-hour telemetric ECG recording 6 weeks after myocardial infarction, surface ECG parameters did not show significant differences in comparisons of ERalpha-deficient mice versus wild-type controls, infarcted versus noninfarcted ERalpha-deficient mice, and infarcted ERalpha-deficient versus infarcted wild-type mice. However, infarcted ERbeta-deficient versus noninfarcted ERbeta-deficient mice showed a significant prolongation of the QT (61+/-6 versus 48+/-8 ms; P<0.05) and QTc intervals (61+/-7 versus 51+/-9 ms; P<0.05) and the JT (42+/-6 versus 31+/-4 ms; P<0.05) and JTc intervals (42+/-7 versus 33+/-4 ms; P<0.05). Furthermore, infarcted ERbeta-deficient versus infarcted wild-type mice showed a significant prolongation of the QT (61+/-6 versus 53+/-8 ms; P<0.05) and QTc intervals (61+/-7 versus 53+/-7 ms; P<0.05) and the JT (42+/-6 versus 31+/-5 ms; P<0.05) and JTc intervals (42+/-7 versus 31+/-5 ms; P<0.05), accompanied by a significant decrease of ventricular premature beats (7+/-21/h versus 71+/-110/h; P<0.05). Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction-based quantitative analysis of mRNA levels showed a significantly lower expression of Kv4.3 (coding for I(to)) in ERbeta-deficient mice (P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen receptor beta deficiency results in prolonged ventricular repolarization and decreased ventricular automaticity in female mice with chronic myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany. korte.thomas@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korte
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arkudas
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geertz
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Ajmal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gardiwal
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niehaus
authors.forename: Andrée
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krust
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chambon
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drexler
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grohé
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004562:Electrocardiography; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000172:deficiency; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000172:deficiency*; D005260:Female; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000209:etiology; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051672:Shal Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology*; D018879:Ventricular Premature Complexes / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051672:Shal Potassium Channels