title: Morphological brain changes associated with Schneider's first-rank symptoms in schizophrenia: a MRI study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schneider's first-rank symptoms involve an alienated feature of the sense of one's own mental or physical activity. To clarify the brain morphological basis for the production of these symptoms, volumes of the frontal and medial temporal regions and their clinical correlates were examined in patients with schizophrenia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 44 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were included. All patients were in their psychotic episodes with definite Schneiderian symptoms, rated by using the Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Volumetric measurements of high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging were performed in the prefrontal area, cingulate gyrus, and precentral gyrus, and the medial temporal structures such as the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients had significantly decreased volumes in the cingulate gray matter and the amygdala compared to controls. In the patient group, Schneiderian symptom severity showed significant inverse correlations with volumes of the right posterior cingulate gray matter and of the left anterior parahippocampal gyrus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Schneiderian symptoms may be associated with morphological abnormalities in the limbic-paralimbic regions such as the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, which possibly serve the self-monitoring function and the coherent storage and reactivation of information.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan. suzukim@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hagino
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Niu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000679:Amygdala / Q000473:pathology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000473:pathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000473:pathology; D020534:Parahippocampal Gyrus / Q000473:pathology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology