title: Accelerated cytotoxicity mechanism screening using drug metabolising enzyme modulators.
abstract: By assessing how drug/new chemical entity (NCE) cytotoxicity is affected when their metabolic pathways are inhibited or activated, the metabolic pathways that activate versus detoxify drugs/NCEs can be identified. Reactive metabolites contributing to cytotoxicity can also be identified. In the following, the drug metabolizing enzyme inhibitors and activators used in vitro with freshly isolated rat hepatocytes for the accelerated cytotoxicity mechanism screening (ACMS) of drugs/NCEs (a technique used in our laboratory) are reviewed and, this technique is useful for determining in vivo rat hepatotoxicity mechanisms. The enzyme inhibitors/activators have been chosen on the basis of their selectivity, modulator effectiveness, and their lack of toxicity. The use of these inhibitors/activators with human hepatocytes or subcellular fractions for assessing human hepatotoxicity mechanisms is also reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 2S2. peter.obrien@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Brien
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Siraki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D006801:Humans; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations