title: Assisted living in rural America: results from a national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Expanding the availability of long-term care (LTC) services and making them more responsive to consumer preferences is an important goal, particularly for elderly people living in rural areas who tend to be older and have greater functional limitations but less access to the range of LTC options available in metropolitan areas. One option that has been growing in popularity is assisted-living facilities (ALFs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper describes rural ALFs and compares them with metropolitan ALFs. Data were collected using a multistage sample design that yielded a nationally representative sample of ALFs. Telephone interviews were completed with administrators of 1,251 ALFs in 1998.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nationwide, assisted living was largely administered by private payment, and there was an undersupply in rural areas. Compared with metropolitan ALFs, rural ALFs were smaller and less likely to offer the types of services and accommodations associated with the philosophy of assisted living. They were more likely to offer accommodations with little privacy, and while similar in the services they offered, rural ALFs were less likely to have nurses on staff, particularly licensed practical nurses. Moreover, they were less likely to offer a combination of high services and high privacy. Finally, rural ALFs charged lower prices than urban ALFs; however, the average price was still unaffordable for most elderly rural residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that assisted living, as currently structured, will make only a marginal contribution to meeting the needs of frail elders in rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Rural Public Health, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Tex. 77802, USA. hawes@srph.tamhsc.edu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: Charles D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sherman
authors.forename: Linnae L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Hutchison
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D040561:Assisted Living Facilities / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D014481:United States; D019037:Urban Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000600:supply & distribution*