title: Parathyroidectomy for parathyroid carcinoma in renal transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a highly prevalent pathology in the chronic renal disease population, which is associated with considerable morbidity, and mortality. The histopathological findings most often reported are solitary adenoma, diffuse hyperplasia, and autonomous hyperplasia. Carcinoma is an unusual cause of primary parathyroid hyperfunction (0.5% to 4% according to data); in renal transplanted patients it is exceptional. We sought to analyze parathyroid gland histology from renal transplant patients in comparison with nontransplanted patients and to report a parathyroid carcinoma case in a renal transplant patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed parathyroidectomies (PTX) and histopathological reports between March 1989 and December 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 72 PTXs 41 were performed because of primary HPT; 26, secondary HPT; and five, tertiary HPT. Among the 41 primary HPT cases there were two carcinomas (4.88% primary HPT operated patients), one of whom was in a kidney transplant recipient. Among the total number of surgeries, seven were performed in six renal transplant patients, including five diffuse hyperplasia cases; one, nodular hyperplasia with an adenoma focus; and one, parathyroid carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parathyroidectomy indications in the renal transplant population are usually associated with the clinical picture of tertiary HPT, which does not resolve after a functional renal transplant. In spite of this, diffuse hyperplasia, which is associated with secondary HPT, was the most frequent hystological finding. Two carcinomas were observed: one in a renal transplant patient (16.6% parathyroidectomies) and the other in a patient who did not show renal failure. These data coincide with international records.
authors.affiliation: CRAI SUR CUCAIBA, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. liobregon@hotmail.com
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Obregón
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mir
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pereyra
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pianzola
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baran
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Menna
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016105:Parathyroidectomy; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies