title: Groucho corepressor proteins regulate otic vesicle outgrowth.
abstract: The Groucho/Tle family of corepressor proteins is known to regulate multiple developmental pathways. Applying the dominant-negative effect of the short member Aes, we demonstrate here a critical role of this gene family also for ear development. Misexpression of Aes in medaka embryos resulted in reduced size or loss of otic vesicles, whereas overexpression of the full-length Groucho protein Tle4 gave the opposite phenotype. These results are in close agreement with phenotypes observed for eye formation, suggesting a similar role for Groucho/Tle proteins in the developmental pathways of both sensory organs. Furthermore, by using the heat-inducible HSE promoter, we observed reversible branching of the embryonic axis upon Aes misexpression, indicating a transient duplication of the organizer. Groucho proteins, therefore, are critical for organizer maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Baubak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bajoghli
authors.forename: Narges
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aghaallaei
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Czerny
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004423:Ear / Q000196:embryology*; D005123:Eye / Q000196:embryology; D029941:Fish Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009990:Oryzias / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010641:Phenotype; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029941:Fish Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C099236:SIX1 protein, human; C091023:gro protein, Drosophila