title: Collateral therapeutics for cerebral ischemia.
abstract: Current therapeutic strategies for acute ischemic stroke focus on vessel recanalization or penumbral neuroprotection without consideration of collaterals. Collateral circulation defines the extent of the ischemic penumbra, providing blood flow to tissues at risk of infarction downstream from an occluded artery. Therefore, leptomeningeal collaterals are a principal delivery route for oxygen, nutrients and potential therapeutic agents. Understanding of collateral anatomy and physiology is essential for the development of effective stroke treatments. Diagnostic imaging modalities may illustrate the penumbra from the collateral perspective, defining regions of relative ischemic vulnerability. Although specific collateral therapeutics are unrealized, insight may be gleaned from subtle details of prior stroke studies. Future advances will result from nascent research in therapeutic arteriogenesis and gene therapy adapted to the specific features of the cerebral circulation.
authors.affiliation: Comprehensive Stroke Center, University of Pennsylvania, 3 West Gates Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104 4283, USA. davidliebeskind@yahoo.com
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Liebeskind
mesh_terms: D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000639:trends; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control