title: Association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and interferon- induced thyroid diseases in four patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) therapy for HCV hepatitis may exacerbate or induce underlying thyroid disorders. Besides viral factors, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) may be an independent risk factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated fifteen patients with HCV chronic hepatitis during a period of 40 months. At the enrollment, all the patients were negative for thyroid disorders, excluding one patient with subclinical hypothyroidism. Eleven patients received IFN-alpha therapy. The HLA system was examined in every patient, evaluating antigens (n=40) of locus A, B and Cw and alleles (n=19) of locus DRB1* and DQB1*. The HLA system was also examined in healthy subjects (n=107) as a control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HCV genotype distribution in patients was: 1b=20%, 2a=60%, 3a=20%. Four IFN-treated patients presented clinical thyroid disorders, including autoimmune hypothyroidism (n=2), transient thyrotoxicosis (n=1) and subacute thyroiditis (n=1). The HLA susceptibility to thyroid disorders (antigen/allele frequency) in the whole group of patients was not different in respect to controls and normal Italian population. The patients with HCV chronic hepatitis that developed thyroid diseases after IFN- treatment had a double and specific association with the HLA system (Mantel-Haenszel X(c)(2)=4.706, p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report suggests that HLA system examination is an important and promising diagnostic aspect that may be considered in order to evaluate the appearance of thyroid disorders during the IFN-alpha treatment for HCV-related chronic hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Labbadia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martocchia
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mammarella
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paoletti
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: Rosalba
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benvenuto
authors.forename: Proietti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Antonella
authors.forename: D'Urso
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosaria
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trabace
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Musca
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falaschi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D013966:Thyroiditis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D013971:Thyrotoxicosis / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D016898:Interferon-alpha