title: Interferon-gamma promotes abortion due to Brucella infection in pregnant mice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms of abortion induced by bacterial infection are largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated abortion induced by Brucella abortus, a causative agent of brucellosis and facultative intracellular pathogen, in a mouse model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High rates of abortion were observed for bacterial infection on day 4.5 of gestation, but not for other days. Regardless of whether fetuses were aborted or stayed alive, the transmission of bacteria into the fetus and bacterial replication in the placenta were observed. There was a higher degree of bacterial colonization in the placenta than in other organs and many bacteria were detected in trophoblast giant cells in the placenta. Intracellular growth-defective virB4 mutant and attenuated vaccine strain S19 did not induce abortion. In the case of abortion, around day 7.5 of gestation (period of placental development), transient induction of IFN-gamma production was observed for infection by the wild type strain, but not by the virB4 mutant and S19. Neutralization of IFN-gamma, whose production was induced by infection with B. abortus, served to prevent abortion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that abortion induced by B. abortus infection is a result of transient IFN-gamma production during the period of placental development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Veterinary Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan. s01032@st.obihiro.ac.jp
authors.forename: Suk
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kenta
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hidefumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furuoka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watarai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002003:Brucella abortus / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005333:Fetus / Q000473:pathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010920:Placenta / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013154:Spleen / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D007371:Interferon-gamma