Executive functions in autism and Asperger's disorder: flexibility, fluency, and inhibition.
The Color-Word Interference Test, Trail Making Test, Verbal Fluency Test, and Design Fluency Test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001) were administered to 12 high-functioning adults and adolescents with autistic disorder or Asperger's disorder. Each test included a switching condition in addition to baseline and/or other executive-function conditions. Participants performed significantly below average on a composite measure of executive functioning adjusted for baseline cognitive ability. Complex verbal tasks that required cognitive switching and initiation of efficient lexical retrieval strategies produced the most consistent deficits, whereas cognitive inhibition was intact. We discuss implications of these findings for understanding the neurocognitive substrates of autistic spectrum disorders.
Kleinhans
Natalia
N
Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. nmk_353@yahoo.com
Akshoomoff
Natacha
N
Delis
Dean C
DC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D020817:Asperger Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000150:complications*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013068:Speech Production Measurement