title: Factors associated with pathological dissociation in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the prevalence of pathological dissociation in the general population, and the relationship between pathological dissociation and sociodemographic and several psychiatric variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  The stratified population sample consisted of 2001 subjects. The study questionnaires included the Dissociative Experiences Scale, the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and sociodemographic background.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of pathological dissociation (DES-T >/= 20) was 3.4% in the general population and did not differ significantly between genders. Men scored higher than women in the amnesia subscale, and women in the absorption and imaginative involvement subscale. The relationship between pathological dissociation, alexithymia, depression and suicidality was strong. The likelihood of pathological dissociation was nearly nine-fold higher among depressive subjects, more than seven-fold higher among alexithymic subjects, and more than four-fold higher among suicidal subjects than among the others. Frequent alcohol consumption also associated significantly with pathological dissociation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant relationship between pathological dissociation, depression, alexithymia, and suicidality was found in the general population. The importance of these factors should be examined in a prospective study design to determine causality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. paivi.maaranen@kuh.fi
authors.forename: Päivi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maaranen
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanskanen
authors.forename: Kirsi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honkalampi
authors.forename: Kaisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Haatainen
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hintikka
authors.forename: Heimo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viinamäki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000453:epidemiology; D003710:Demography; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods*; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires