title: [Self care activity, metabolic control, and cardiovascular risk factors in accordance with the levels of depression of clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to explore the levels of depression experienced by clients (N=152) with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus(DM), and to compare the levels of self care activity, metabolic control and cardiovascular risk factors between depressed and non-depressed clients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants aged 50 and above were conveniently recruited in B city. The levels of depression, self-care activity, metabolic control of glucose and lipids, and cardiovascular risk factors of the participants were measured by using questionnaires and blood tests from November, 2003 to June, 2004. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rho and t-test using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of depression(CES-D=16) among the participants was 44.1%. The levels of self-care activities(p=.012), glucose(p=.019), total cholesterol(p=.022), LDL(.007) and cardiovascular risk factors(p=.012) were significantly higher in the depressed group than those in the non-depressed group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the findings, we concluded that many DM patients experience depression and the depression of type 2 DM clients is significantly related with self care activities, diabetic control, and cardiovascular complications. However, this study did not address causality among these variables. Therefore, further research, such as a longitudinal cohort study, is needed to identify causality among these variables.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Korea.
authors.forename: Hae-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung-Yeon
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyeong-Sook
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012648:Self Care
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol