title: Polyamine depletion inhibits irradiation-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelia.
abstract: Our group has previously shown that polyamine depletion delays apoptosis in rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells (Ray RM, Viar MJ, Yuan Q, and Johnson LR, Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 278: C480-C489, 2000). Here, we demonstrate that polyamine depletion inhibits gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment of IEC-6 cells with 5 mM alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) for 4 days significantly reduced radiation-induced caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. This protective effect was prevented by the addition of 10 muM exogenous putrescine. Radiation exposure to mice resulted in a high frequency of apoptosis over cells positioned fourth to seventh in crypt-villus units. Pretreatment of mice with 2% DFMO in drinking water significantly reduced apoptotic cells from approximately 2.75 to 1.61 per crypt-villus unit, accompanied by significant decreases in caspase-3 levels. Further examination showed that DFMO pretreatment inhibited the radiation-induced increase in the proapoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, DFMO pretreatment significantly enhanced the intestinal crypt survival rate by 2.1-fold subsequent to radiation and ameliorated mucosal structural damage. We conclude that polyamine depletion by DFMO inhibits gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells both in vitro and in vivo through inhibition of Bax and caspase-3 activity, which leads to attenuation of radiation-inflicted intestinal injury. These data indicate that DFMO may be therapeutically useful to counteract the gastrointestinal toxicity caused by chemoradiotherapy. This is the first demonstration that polyamines are required for apoptosis in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, 894 Union Ave., Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
authors.forename: Wenlin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Mary Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Viar
authors.forename: Leonard R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D000518:Eflornithine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011073:Polyamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011073:Polyamines; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D000518:Eflornithine