title: Awake flow limitation with negative expiratory pressure in sleep disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although upper airway collapsibility (UAC) is theoretically useful to anticipate severity of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), inspiratory UAC measurements are poorly correlated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated in 15 healthy and 35 SDB awake subjects whether negative expiratory pressure (NEP) could be a technique which would allow us to anticipate SDB severity. We characterized in these subjects, both in supine and sitting position, at -5 and -10 cm H(2)O, the flow-volume curves and a new NEP quantitative index (ratio of the 'areas under the curve' of NEP flow-volume loop vs. spontaneous flow-volume loop).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormal flow-volume curves were significantly more frequent in patients with SDB than in healthy subjects, for both negative pressures in sitting posture and -10 cm H(2)O in supine position. The quantitative index decreased with the severity of SDB, independently of confounding factors (age, body mass index (BMI) and expiratory reserve volume (ERV)). In the supine position, at -5 and -10 cm H(2)O, thresholds of less than 160 and 180% respectively identified in 96.6% of SDB, whereas thresholds of greater than 160 and 180% were adequately classified in 76.9% of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NEP flow-volume curves and quantitative index during wakefulness are useful methods to detect UAC. These results, however, should be confirmed by a prospective study in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Service de Pneumologie, CHU Nice, France. rtamisie@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tamisier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wuyam
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nicolle
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pépin
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Orliaguet
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lévy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005105:Expiratory Reserve Volume / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010092:Oximetry; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014851:Wakefulness