Public health research at the CDC: implications for communication sciences and disorders.
The following paper provides an overview of public health research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with emphasis on research involving speech, language and hearing disorders. Public health research involves a sequence of activities from disease tracking to disease prevention. Public health focuses on populations and works to identify changes in programs and policies that can positively impact population health. This paper uses three recent studies conducted by CDC investigators to illustrate different types of research along the public health prevention continuum, with emphasis on activities involving speech, language, and hearing endpoints. The three examples are: a study of cochlear implants and the subsequent risk of meningitis (illustrative of a public health response); a study examining the prevalence of autism in several U.S. populations (an example of a surveillance or monitoring activity); and a study examining the role of in utero cigarette exposure in the etiology of oral facial clefts (illustrative of a epidemiologic risk factor study). The public health continuum provides an important vehicle for advancing our knowledge of the causes and effective prevention of communication disorders.


OBJECTIVE
The reader will become familiar with the public health sequence and the manners in which public health research relates to speech, language, and hearing disorders. The reader will be able to identify and discriminate among the components of public health research using the examples provided.
Boyle
Coleen
C
Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cboyle@cdc.gov
Alexander
Martha
M
D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000209:etiology; D002487:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.; D002648:Child; D002669:Child Welfare; D003054:Cochlear Implants / Q000382:microbiology; D003147:Communication Disorders; D006801:Humans; D008581:Meningitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011634:Public Health; D012106:Research; D014481:United States