title: A role for nuclear factor kappa B/rel transcription factors in the regulation of the recombinase activator genes.
abstract: In developing B cells, expression of surface immunoglobulin is an important signal to terminate recombinase activator gene (RAG) expression and V(D)J recombination. However, autoreactive antigen receptors instead promote continued gene rearrangement and receptor editing. The regulation by B cell receptor (BCR) signaling of RAG expression and editing is poorly understood. We report that in editing-competent cells BCR ligand-induced RAG mRNA expression is regulated at the level of RAG transcription, rather than mRNA stability. In immature B cells carrying innocuous receptors, RAG expression appears to be under rapidly reversible negative regulation. Studies involving transduction of a superrepressive (sr) I kappa B alpha protein indicate that NF-kappaB/Rel proteins promote RAG transcription. Interestingly, NF kappa B1-deficient cells overexpress RAG and undergo an exaggerated receptor editing response. Our data implicate NF kappa B transcription factors in the BCR-mediated regulation of RAG locus transcription. Rapidly activated NF kappa B pathways may facilitate prompt antigen receptor-regulated changes in RAG expression important for editing and haplotype exclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Verkoczy
authors.forename: Djemel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aït-Azzouzene
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Skog
authors.forename: Annica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Märtensson
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Bao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Duong
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nemazee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D016654:Genes, RAG-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007145:Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011500:Protein Synthesis Inhibitors; C499308:Rag2 protein, mouse; C064655:V(D)J recombination activating protein 2; D012313:RNA