title: Lymphatic metastasis in epithelial ovarian carcinoma with respect to clinicopathological variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors, and the patterns of lymphatic metastasis in EOC patients who were treated with systematic pelvic and paraaortic lymphatic dissection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 420 EOC patients was retrospectively evaluated. Clinical factors available were evaluated for a possible significance in terms of lymphatic metastasis and paraaortic involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-hundred and three patients were found to have lymphatic metastasis. In multivariable analysis, stage (P < 0.001), histology (P < 0.01 for serous; P = 0.02 for mixed, and P = 0.04, for Brenner), and Ca-125 level higher than 500 U/ml (P = 0.04) were found to be significantly related with the lymphatic involvement. Age and grade were significant factors for paraaortic metastasis both in univariable and multivariable analysis (P = 0.003 and P = 0.02, respectively). Most of the patients with unilateral tumors had contralateral pelvic and/or paraaortic metastasis. There were eleven patients with lymphatic metastasis in stage I-II disease, and five had paraaortic metastasis while an additional five patients had contralateral pelvic nodal metastasis. However, there was no lymphatic involvement in Stage IA, Grade I-II disease (0/63). Survival analysis revealed no significant difference by the number of metastatic lymph nodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In multivariable analysis, lymphatic involvement was predicted independently by stage, histology, and Ca-125 level. In apparently stage I-II disease, a considerable part of patients were upstaged due to lymphatic involvement. Although routine systematic lymphadenectomy is suggested for patients with early stage disease, further series are needed for a definite regimen in patients with stage IA G1-2 disease since we did not detect any lymphatic involvement in this unique group.
authors.affiliation: Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Naci Cakir Mah. 1. Cadde, Kubra Apt. 1/1 Dikmen, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayhan
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gultekin
authors.forename: Cagatay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Taskiran
authors.forename: Nilufer Yigit
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Alp
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usubutun
authors.forename: Turkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kucukali
authors.forename: Kunter
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuce
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D015996:Survival Rate