title: Sentinel node detection in cervical cancer with (99m)Tc-phytate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification using radioisotopic lymphatic mapping with technetium-99 m-labeled phytate in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy for treatment of early cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between July 2001 and February 2003, 56 patients with cervical cancer FIGO stage I (n = 53) or stage II (n = 3) underwent sentinel lymph node detection with preoperative lymphoscintigraphy ((99m)Tc-labeled phytate injected into the uterine cervix, at 3, 6, 9, and 12 o'clock, at a dose of 55-74 MBq in a volume of 0.8 ml) and intraoperative lymphatic mapping with a handheld gamma probe. Radical hysterectomy was aborted in three cases because parametrial invasion was found intraoperatively and we performed only sentinel node resection. The remaining 53 patients underwent radical hysterectomy with complete pelvic lymphadenectomy. Sentinel nodes were detected using a handheld gamma-probe and removed for pathological assessment during the abdominal radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more sentinel nodes were detected in 52 out of 56 eligible patients (92.8%). A total of 120 SLNs were detected by lymphoscintigraphy (mean 2.27 nodes per patient) and intraoperatively by gamma probe. Forty-four percent of SLNs were found in the external iliac area, 39% in the obturator region, 8.3% in interiliac region, and 6.7% in the common iliac area. Unilateral sentinel nodes were found in thirty-one patients (59%). The remaining 21 patients (41%) had bilateral sentinel nodes. Microscopic nodal metastases were confirmed in 17 (32%) cases. In 10 of these patients, only SLNs had metastases. The 98 sentinel nodes that were negative on hematoxylin and eosin were submitted to cytokeratin immunohistochemical analysis. Five (5.1%) micrometastases were identified with this technique. The sensitivity of the sentinel node was 82.3% (CI 95% = 56.6-96.2) and the negative predictive value was 92.1% (CI 95% = 78.6-98.3). The accuracy of sentinel node in predicting the lymph node status was 94.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative lymphatic mapping with (99m)Tc-labeled phytate are effective in identifying sentinel nodes in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy and to select women in whom lymph node dissection can be avoided.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Pasteur 89/1310, Santa Efigênia 30150 290, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
authors.forename: Lucas B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Agnaldo L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Silva-Filho
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Traiman
authors.forename: Sérgio A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Triginelli
authors.forename: Carla Flávia
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: de Lima
authors.forename: Cristiano Ferrari
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Siqueira
authors.forename: Adelanir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Telma Maria F F
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Moises Salgado
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Dairton
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miranda
authors.forename: José Renan Cunha
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Melo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007044:Hysterectomy; D008197:Lymph Node Excision; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D010833:Phytic Acid; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D015609:Organotechnetium Compounds; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C026177:technetium phytate; D010833:Phytic Acid