title: Role of imaging in management of hemophilic patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of symptomatology and conventional radiographic scoring in predicting synovial hypertrophy, which could affect the clinical management of hemophilic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty males (mean age, 14.3 years old) with hemophilic arthropathy, including 34 symptomatic joints and 26 asymptomatic joints (16 knees, 20 ankles, and 24 elbows) had conventional radiographs of individual joints obtained that were rated according to the Arnold-Hilgartner stage and the Pettersson score. The patients also underwent MRI for the detection of synovial hypertrophy. The association of synovial hypertrophy and symptomatology was evaluated using the chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The best sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values in detection of synovial hypertrophy using symptomatology and radiographic scoring were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association was seen between symptomatology and synovial hypertrophy of the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of symptomatology in detection of synovial hypertrophy of the knee were 100%, 78%, 78%, and 100%, respectively, and for the ankle were 83%, 75%, 83%, and 75%, respectively. The Arnold-Hilgartner stage and Pettersson score of the radiograph had a significant association with synovial hypertrophy of the knee and ankle joints (p < 0.05). Arnold-Hilgartner staging provided a better prediction of synovial hypertrophy, with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100% for knees and 82%, 100%, 100%, and 82% for ankles.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In hemophilic patients, the presence of symptomatology in the knee and ankle joints is associated with synovial hypertrophy, and scoring of the conventional radiographs using Arnold-Hilgartner staging is useful for the prediction of synovial hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Ngan Shing St., Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: W C W
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Shing
authors.forename: W W M
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chik
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D006467:Hemophilia A / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity