title: Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 inhibits gene expression by targeting nuclear factor-kappaB activity.
abstract: Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) functions as a metastasis suppressor gene in breast cancer and melanoma cell lines, but the mechanism of BRMS1 suppression remains unclear. We determined that BRMS1 expression was inversely correlated with that of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), a prometastatic gene that is regulated at least in part by nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). To further investigate the role of NF-kappaB in BRMS1-regulated gene expression, we examined NF-kappaB binding activity and found an inverse correlation between BRMS1 expression and NF-kappaB binding activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer and C8161.9 melanoma cells stably expressing BRMS1. In contrast, BRMS1 expression had no effect on activation of the activator protein-1 transcription factor. Further, we showed that suppression of both constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation by BRMS1 may be due to inhibition of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and degradation. To examine the relationship between BRMS1 and uPA expression in primary breast tumors, we screened a breast cancer dot blot array of normalized cDNA from 50 breast tumors and corresponding normal breast tissues. There was a significant reduction in BRMS1 mRNA expression in breast tumors compared with matched normal breast tissues (paired t test, P < 0.0001) and a general inverse correlation with uPA gene expression (P < 0.01). These results suggest that at least one of the underlying mechanisms of BRMS1-dependent suppression of tumor metastasis includes inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and subsequent suppression of uPA expression in breast cancer and melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cicek
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Danny R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Welch
authors.forename: Nywana
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sizemore
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008545:Melanoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014162:Transfection; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C410024:BRMS1 protein, human; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C496559:CHUK protein, human; C496564:Chuk protein, mouse; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; C496560:IKBKB protein, human; C496565:IKBKE protein, human; C496562:Ikbkb protein, mouse; C496566:Ikbke protein, mouse; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator