title: The GC/AED studies on the reactions of sulfur mustard with oxidants.
abstract: A gas chromatograph coupled with an atomic emission detector was used to identify and to determine the products formed on oxidation of sulfur mustard. The oxidation rate and the resulting oxidates were studied in relation to oxidant type and reaction medium parameters. Hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodium perborate, potassium monopercarbonate, ammonium peroxydisulfate, potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone), and tert-butyl peroxide were used as oxidants. Oxidations were run in aqueous media or in solvents of varying polarities. The oxidation rate was found to be strongly related to oxidant type: potassium peroxymonosulfate (oxone) and sodium hypochlorite were fast-acting oxidants; sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide, ammonium peroxydisulfate, and sodium monopercarbonate were moderate oxidants; tert-butyl peroxide was the slowest-acting oxidant. In non-aqueous solvents, the oxidation rate was strongly related to solvent polarity. The higher the solvent polarity, the faster the oxidation rate. In the acid and neutral media, the mustard oxidation rates were comparable. In the alkaline medium, oxidation was evidently slower. A suitable choice of the initial oxidant-to-mustard concentration ratio allowed to control the type of the resulting mustard oxidates. As the pH of the reaction medium was increased, the reaction of elimination of hydrogen chloride from mustard oxidates becomes more and more intensive.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2, Kaliskiego-Street, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Stanisław
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popiel
authors.forename: Zygfryd
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Witkiewicz
authors.forename: Aleksander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Szewczuk
mesh_terms: D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000737:chemistry*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry*; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D009151:Mustard Gas