title: Planar cell polarity genes regulate polarized extracellular matrix deposition during frog gastrulation.
abstract: The noncanonical wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway [1] regulates the mediolaterally (planarly) polarized cell protrusive activity and intercalation that drives the convergent extension movements of vertebrate gastrulation [2], yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. We report that perturbing expression of Xenopus PCP genes, Strabismus (Xstbm), Frizzled (Xfz7), and Prickle (Xpk), disrupts radially polarized fibronectin fibril assembly on mesodermal tissue surfaces, mediolaterally polarized motility, and intercalation. Polarized motility is restored in Xpk-perturbed explants but not in Xstbm- or Xfz7-perturbed explants cultured on fibronectin surfaces. The PCP complex, including Xpk, first regulates polarized surface assembly of the fibronectin matrix, which is necessary for mediolaterally polarized motility, and then, without Xpk, has an additional and necessary function in polarizing motility. These results show that the PCP complex regulates several cell polarities (radial, planar) and several processes (matrix deposition, motility), by indirect and direct mechanisms, and acts in several modes, either with all or a subset of its components, during vertebrate morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: International Cooperative Research Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation.
authors.forename: Toshiyasu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Lance
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asashima
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016764:Cell Polarity / Q000235:genetics*; D022081:Cell Surface Extensions / Q000378:metabolism; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005775:Gastrula / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014981:Xenopus / Q000196:embryology*; D029867:Xenopus Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C417664:Alexa594; D005353:Fibronectins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C492040:Fzd7 protein, Xenopus; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C491760:Vangl2 protein, Xenopus; D029867:Xenopus Proteins