title: Pain in chronic leg ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Describe the characteristics of pain in patients with chronic leg ulcers, correlate these descriptions with the characteristics of the ulcers and with patients' sociodemographic data, and determine the measures used for pain management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive and cross-sectional study with quantitative approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  The convenience sample was composed of 90 patients with chronic leg ulcers drawn from 4 outpatient departments in Sao Paulo and Curitiba.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intensity and quality of patients' pain were determined using a 0-10 numeric pain intensity rating scale and a short version of the McGill Pain Questionnaire.
  
  
  METHODS
  After gaining ethics committee approval, patients were selected during their ambulatory visits and interviewed by researchers. Data obtained were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality test, Mann-Whitney test, Chi-Square test, and Spearman's Correlation coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three (81.11%) patients had venous ulcers. The mean pain intensity reported was 3.10 (SD = 3.15), the mean intensity of the "worst pain of the week" was 7.56 (SD = 2.96), and the mean intensity of the "best pain of the week" was 2.05 (SD = 2.37). The McGill Questionnaire showed that sensitive descriptors were most frequently used to describe the pain. Statistically significant correlations (P < .05) were observed. The most intense pain was reported in subjects from the lowest income bracket studied and female gender and was correlated with alterations in sleep, movement, walking, and mood. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were most commonly used (70%) for pain management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates the need for more attention and understanding on the part of healthcare workers regarding leg ulcer pain and its characteristics and the need for specific and effective procedures designed to contribute to the improvement in quality of life of these individuals.
authors.affiliation: Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba, Brazil.
authors.forename: Maristela Lopes
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Gonçalves
authors.forename: Vera Lúcia Conceição
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: de Gouveia Santos
authors.forename: Cibele Andrucioli
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Mattos Pimenta
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Katia Midori
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Komegae
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002908:Chronic Disease; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D036301:Qualitative Research; D011788:Quality of Life; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires