Importance of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in the regulation of DNA-dependent processes.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of proteins is involved in the regulation of basal cellular processes and seems to be crucial for genomic integrity and cell survival. Several nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are known which interact with various proteins involved in DNA metabolism. These proteins can be targets of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, which generally downregulates their activities. Accordingly, PARPs have been implicated in numerous processes involving chromosomal DNA, such as the regulation of chromatin structure, DNA repair, replication and transcription. PARP-1, the major cellular PARP, and PARP-2 are activated by DNA strand breaks. These enzymes have been shown to participate in DNA repair. PARP-1 has also been associated with DNA replication and recombination. Another outstanding feature of PARP-1 is its impact on the activities of transcription factors and on gene expression. Two other nuclear PARP enzymes, tankyrase-1 and tankyrase-2, are important for telomere maintenance.
Petermann
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Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Keil
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Oei
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D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000502:physiology*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D016615:Telomere / Q000378:metabolism*
D002843:Chromatin; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases