title: Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of triphala on PMN-type matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study evaluated the inhibitory activity of triphala on PMN-type matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) expressed in adult periodontitis patients and compared its activity with another ayurvedic drug, kamillosan, and doxycycline, which has known inhibitory activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were extracted from gingival tissue samples from 10 patients (six males, four females) with chronic periodontitis. Tissue extracts were treated with the drug solutions, the inhibition was analyzed by gelatin zymography, and the percentage of inhibition was determined by a gel documentation system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The activity of MMPs was significantly decreased with the use of the drugs. Triphala showed a 76.6% reduction of MMP-9 activity, whereas kamillosan showed a 46.36% reduction at a concentration of 1,500 microg/ml (crude extract) and doxycycline showed a 58.7% reduction at a concentration of 300 microg/ml (pure drug).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed the strong inhibitory activity of triphala on PMN-type MMPs involved in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation during periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontia, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: Sajith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: M Senthil
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Sehgal
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nitish
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Jayakumar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D008515:Medicine, Ayurvedic; D008875:Middle Aged; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000201:enzymology*; D029803:Phyllanthus; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage; D029766:Terminalia
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004338:Drug Combinations; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C056251:Kamillosan; D004318:Doxycycline