title: Calcium channel blocker class heterogeneity: select aspects of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
abstract: Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) comprise a heterogeneous group of compounds with unique structures and pharmacologic characteristics. These agents are employed in the treatment of hypertension, coronary ischemia, and/or supraventricular arrhythmias. CCBs are both substrates for, and in the instance of verapamil and diltiazem inhibitors of, cytochrome P450 3A4. In the case of verapamil and diltiazem, this inhibitory effect increases the likelihood of drug-drug interactions with other compounds similarly metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4. Much of the debate with reference to a cardiovascular risk for CCBs has been quieted with the advent of sustained-release delivery systems that offer a more gradual rate of drug delivery. The most common side effects with CCBs are vasodilatory in nature and include peripheral edema, flushing, and headache. Despite the potential for side effects with CCBs, their potent blood pressure-lowering effect makes them a prerequisite for blood pressure control in many patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA. dsica@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: Domenic A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sica
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers