[Prevalence of iron deficiency and its association with vitamin A deficiency in preschool children].
OBJECTIVE
To identify the prevalence of iron deficiency in the population studied, as well as verifying if such deprivation is associated with vitamin A deficiency.


METHODS
One hundred seventy-nine children, > or = 24 months and < 72 months of age, with no diarrhea and/or fever at collection were studied. Vitamin A deficiency identification was carried out through serum 30-day dose-response test. Samples of peripheral blood from fasting children was obtained for hemoglobin counts, serum iron, and unsaturated iron binding capacity assays. Information about the presence of diarrhea and/or fever during the 15 days preceding the study was also obtained.


RESULTS
35.8% (64/179) of the children presented iron deficiency and 75.4% (135/179), vitamin A deficiency. 29.1% (52/179) of the children presented both iron and vitamin A deficiencies. Iron deficiency was not associated with vitamin A deficiency. A separate analysis for each hematimetric index also demonstrated no significant difference between children with or without vitamin A deficiency. Children aged 24 to 36 months presented significantly higher prevalence rates of iron deficiency (p = 0.0005) as did children with diarrhea and/or fever during the 15 days preceding the study (p = 0.003).


CONCLUSIONS
Although iron deficiency was not associated with vitamin A deficiency, high rates of both deficiencies were exhibited in a "healthy" population with low malnutrition indices. Such situations are known as "hidden hunger". Younger children presented a higher risk of iron deficiency as did children with diarrhea and/or fever during the 15 days preceding the study.
Ferraz
Ivan S
IS
Departamento de Puericultura e Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP. isferraz@uol.com.br
Daneluzzi
Júlio C
JC
Vannucchi
Hélio
H
Jordão
Alceu A
AA
Ricco
Rubens G
RG
Del Ciampo
Luiz A
LA
Martinelli
Carlos E
CE
Engelberg
Alexander A D'Angio
AA
Bonilha
Luis R C M
LR
Custódio
Viviane I C
VI
D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*