title: Advanced glycation end products are associated with pulse pressure in type 1 diabetes: the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study.
abstract: We investigated the associations of pulse pressure (a measure of arterial stiffness) with the early glycation products hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and Amadori albumin and the advanced glycation end products pentosidine, Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nepsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine in a large group of type 1 diabetic individuals of the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study. We did a cross-sectional nested case-control study from the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study of 543 (278 men) European individuals with type 1 diabetes diagnosed at <36 years of age. We used linear regression analyses to investigate the association of pulse pressure with glycation products. Pulse pressure was significantly associated with plasma levels of Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nepsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine but not with HbA1c, Amadori albumin, and urinary levels of pentosidine. Regression coefficients adjusted for age, sex, mean arterial pressure, and duration of diabetes were 0.09 mm Hg (P=0.003) per 1 microM/M lysine Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine; 0.24 mm Hg (P=0.001) and -0.03 mm Hg (P=0.62) per 1 microM/M lysine Nepsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine (in individuals with and without complications, respectively; P interaction=0.002); and 0.50 mm Hg (P=0.16) per 1% HbA1c; 0.07 mm Hg (P=0.12) per 1 U/mL Amadori albumin; and 0.77 mm Hg (P=0.48) per 1 nmol/mmol creatinine pentosidine. In young type 1 diabetic individuals, arterial stiffness is strongly associated with the advanced glycation end products Nepsilon-(carboxymethyl)lysine and Nepsilon-(carboxyethyl)lysine. These findings suggest that the formation of advanced glycation end products is an important pathway in the development of arterial stiffness in young type 1 diabetic individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miranda T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Schram
authors.forename: Casper G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Schalkwijk
authors.forename: Aart H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bootsma
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: Nish
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Coen D A
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Stehouwer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008239:Lysine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008239:Lysine; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; C054688:N(6)-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine; C048496:N(6)-carboxymethyllysine