title: Outcome of very low birth weight infants exposed to antenatal indomethacin for tocolysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Beginning in October 1995, and for several years thereafter, our institution used indomethacin as a first-line tocolytic drug. Our purpose is to compare the outcomes of very low birth weight infants who were exposed to antenatal indomethacin with those who were not exposed to this therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used our center's component of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network's Generic Data Base which recorded the outcomes of all live born infants weighing less than 1500 g over a 5-year period. We abstracted data concerning neonatal morbidity (death, Grades III to IV intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), necrotizing enterocolitis and patent ductus arteriosus), as well as other factors including gestational age, birth weight, antenatal corticosteroid treatment and maternal hypertension or pre-eclampsia. Univariate analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed to control for confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 85 infants who were exposed to antenatal indomethacin were compared to 464 infants who were not exposed to the drug. In the univariate analysis, antenatal indomethacin exposure was not associated with a significant increase in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis or patent ductus arteriosus. The incidence of Grades III to IV IVH was 17.9% in those infants exposed to antenatal indomethacin compared to 7.1% in the nonexposed infants (p=0.008). The incidence of neonatal death in the exposed infants was 27.7 versus 16.4 in the nonexposed infants (p=0.02). After controlling for antenatal corticosteroids, maternal pre-eclampsia, gestational age and birth weight, antenatal indomethacin was significantly associated with an increased incidence of IVH, but not neonatal death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antenatal indomethacin was associated with significantly higher rates of IVH. Additional studies assessing the potential risks of indomethacin tocolysis are needed before it is used as a first-line tocolytic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Nora M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wells
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Qualls
authors.forename: Lu-Ann
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Papile
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D015145:Tocolysis / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007213:Indomethacin