title: Analysis of breast reduction complications derived from the BRAVO study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Analysis of complication data derived from the Breast Reduction Assessment: Value and Outcomes (BRAVO) study, a 9-month prospective, multicenter trial, is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data derived from 179 patients were analyzed, including bivariate associations between complications and single predictor variables (Fisher's exact test or chi-square testing) or continuous variables (two-sample t test) and, finally, logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall complication rate was 43 percent (77 patients). Simple, bivariate analysis linked preoperative breast volume, shoulder strap grooving, and a vertical incision with an increased incidence of complications (p < 0.05, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively). Delayed wound healing, the most common complication, correlated directly with average preoperative breast volume (p < 0.045), average resection weight/breast (p < 0.027), and smoking (p < 0.029) and inversely with age (p < 0.011). Vertical incision techniques were associated with an increased complication frequency (p < 0.05) without a link to specific complications. Logistic regression analysis associated resection weight as the sole variable for increased risk of complications (p = 0.05) and with absolute number of complications [mean resection weight of 791 g for patients without complications versus 847, 882, and 1752 g for patients with one, two, and three complications, respectively (p = 0.0022)]. Each 10-fold increase in resection weight increased the risk of complication 4.8 times and increased the risk of delayed healing 11.6 times.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complication data revealed several significant features: (1) resection weight correlated with increased risk and absolute number of complications; (2) delayed healing correlated directly with resection weight and inversely with increasing age, anesthesia times, and preoperative Short Form-36 bodily pain score; (3) a vertical incision may be associated with increased incidence of complications but requires further analysis; and most importantly, (4) the presence of complications had no negative effect on improvement in Short Form-36 and Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire scores.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Cunningham
authors.forename: Andrew J L
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Gear
authors.forename: Carolyn L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Kerrigan
authors.forename: E Dale
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016462:Mammaplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014945:Wound Healing