title: Optimization of estradiol supplementation during the luteal phase improves the pregnancy rate in women undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer cycles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of different E2 supplementation doses during the luteal phase on implantation and pregnancy rates in women undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A private IVF unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred sixty-six women younger than 40 years who were undergoing IVF with long protocol controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH). A total of 231 cycles were investigated. Group 1 (P only) included 80 cycles, group 2 (P and 2 mg of E2) included 73 cycles, and group 3 (P and 6 mg of E2) included 78 cycles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Supplementation in the luteal phase with different doses of E2 (0, 2, or 6 mg/d).
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum E2 and P levels in the late luteal phase, and implantation rate and pregnancy rate (PR) were documented. The data were analyzed with regard to the entire study population and further stratified according to the E2 dose used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher implantation rate and PR were recorded in those who received low dose E2 supplementation compared with no substitution (PR 23.1% vs. 32.8%). The best implantation and pregnancy results were found significantly in the group with high dose E2 supplementation (PR 51.3%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For women treated with a long GnRH analogue protocol for COH, addition of a high dose of E2 to daily P supplementation significantly improved the IVF-embryo transfer results.
authors.affiliation: INVICTA Fertility and Reproductive Center, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University, Gdansk, Poland.
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lukaszuk
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liss
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lukaszuk
authors.forename: Bozena
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maj
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol