title: Stress, appraisal, and coping: a comparison of HIV-infected women in the pre-HAART and HAART eras.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been widely suggested that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has improved the psychosocial aspects of living with HIV/AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  A sample of 79 women living with HIV/AIDS in the pre-HAART era (1994-1996) were compared with a matched sample of 79 women with HIV/AIDS from the HAART era (2000-2003) on measures of stress, illness appraisals, and coping strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrary to expectations, HIV-infected women in the HAART era were significantly more likely than women in the pre-HAART era to report health-related stress, to report stress from stigma and disclosure, to view HIV as having caused them harm, to report that their health is due to chance, and to report more use of maladaptive forms of coping (e.g., escape-avoidant coping).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although HAART may have extended survival for many HIV-infected individuals, they have not resulted in equivalent psychosocial improvements. Thus, efforts are needed to address the psychosocial difficulties that HIV-infected women in the HAART era continue to experience.
authors.affiliation: Center for the Psychosocial Study of Health and Illness, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 100 Haven Avenue, Suite 6A, New York, NY 10032, USA. ks420@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Karolynn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Schrimshaw
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000523:psychology*; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011287:Prejudice; D012648:Self Care / Q000523:psychology; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012803:Sick Role; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications*