title: Impact of pectus excavatum on pulmonary function before and after repair with the Nuss procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patient reports of preoperative exercise intolerance and improvement after surgical repair of pectus excavatum (Pex) have been documented but not substantiated in laboratory studies. This may be because no study has been large enough to determine if pulmonary function tests (PFTs) in the Pex population are significantly different from the normal population, and none has assessed improvement in pulmonary function after Nuss bar removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied PFT results in 408 Pex patients before repair and in a subset of 45 patients after Nuss procedure and bar removal. Significance of differences in percent predicted (using Knudson's equations) was tested using t tests (parametric) or sign tests (nonparametric). Normal was defined as 100% of predicted for forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow (FEF25%-75%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, FVC and FEV1 medians were lower than the normal by 13%, whereas the FEF 25-75 median was lower than normal by 20% (all P < .01). The postoperative group had statistically significant improvement after surgery for all parameters. Patients older than 11 years at the time of surgery had lower preoperative values and larger mean post-bar removal improvement than the younger patients. An older patient with a preoperative FEF25-75 score of 80% of normal would be predicted by these data to have a postoperative FEF25-75 of 97%, indicating almost complete normalization for this function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that preoperatively Pex patients as a group have decreased lung function relative to normal patients. After Nuss procedure and bar removal, we show a small but significant improvement in pulmonary function. These results are consistent with patient reports of clinical improvement and indicate the need for more in-depth tests of cardiopulmonary function under exercise conditions to elucidate the mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Center for Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters and Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA. louise.lawson@cchmc.org
authors.forename: M Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Lawson
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Mellins
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabangin
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Croitoru
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goretsky
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nuss
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D020878:Device Removal; D017079:Exercise Tolerance; D005260:Female; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D019616:Thoracic Surgical Procedures