title: Cannabis withdrawal in adolescent treatment seekers.
abstract: A valid cannabis withdrawal syndrome has been demonstrated in controlled studies with adult marijuana abusers, yet few published reports have examined cannabis withdrawal among adolescents. Adolescents presenting for outpatient substance abuse treatment, whose primary substance of abuse was cannabis, completed a questionnaire reporting the presence and severity of withdrawal symptoms during past periods of cannabis abstinence. Nearly two-thirds of the sample indicated that they had experienced four or more symptoms, and over one-third reported four or more symptoms that occurred at a moderate or greater severity. The magnitude of withdrawal severity was positively correlated with current emotional and behavioral symptoms and self-reported problems with cannabis use. These findings are consistent with previous studies, though the prevalence and magnitude of withdrawal symptoms were lower than that observed in a similar study with adult treatment seekers [Budney, A.J., Novy, P., Hughes, J.R., 1999. Marijuana withdrawal among adults seeking treatment for marijuana dependence. Addiction 94, 1311-1322]. Further research is needed to elucidate associations between cannabis withdrawal effects, the initiation of cessation attempts, and relapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Vermont, 54 W. Twin Oaks Terrace, Suite 12, S. Burlington, VT 05403, USA. rvandrey@uvm.edu
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vandrey
authors.forename: Alan J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Budney
authors.forename: Jody L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kamon
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanger
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002188:Cannabis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D014707:Vermont