title: Live-cell imaging of tubulin in the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe grisea treated with anti-microtubule and anti-microfilament agents.
abstract: Microtubule dynamics were examined in live cells of the fungal plant pathogen Magnaporthe grisea transformed for constitutive expression of a fusion protein containing enhanced yellow-fluorescent protein and a Neurospora crassa benomyl-resistant allele of beta-tubulin. Transformants retained their ability to differentiate appressoria and cause disease but remained sensitive to benomyl. Linear microtubule arrays and low-level cytoplasmic fluorescence were observed in vegetative hyphae, conidia, germ tubes, and developing appressoria. Fluorescence within nuclei was conspicuously absent during interphase but increased rapidly at the onset of mitosis. Treatment with either benomyl or griseofulvin resulted in the appearance of prominent brightly fluorescent aggregates, including a large aggregate near the apex, with the concomitant disappearance of most cytoplasmic microtubules. Electron microscope imaging of treated cells indicated that the aggregates lacked any obvious profiles of intact microtubules. During these treatments, hyphal tip cells continued to elongate in a nonlinear and aerial fashion at a much slower rate than untreated cells. With subsequent removal of griseofulvin, distal aggregates disappeared rapidly but the apical aggregates persisted longer. Treatment with latrunculin A caused hyphal tip swelling without apparent effect on linear microtubule arrays. Simultaneous treatment with griseofulvin and latrunculin A resulted in depolymerization of microtubules and a cessation of growth, but near-apical fluorescent aggregates were not observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA. kirk@udel.edu
authors.forename: Kirk J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Czymmek
authors.forename: Timothy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Bourett
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Todd M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: DeZwaan
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sweigard
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Howard
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001542:Benomyl / Q000494:pharmacology; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology; D006118:Griseofulvin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020082:Magnaporthe / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053778:Thiazolidines; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D014404:Tubulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; D014404:Tubulin; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; D006118:Griseofulvin; C037067:latrunculin A; D001542:Benomyl