Single translation--dual destination: mechanisms of dual protein targeting in eukaryotes.
It is well documented that single eukaryotic genes can give rise to proteins that are localized to several subcellular locations. This is achieved at the level of transcription, splicing and translation, and results in two or more translation products that either harbour or lack specific targeting signals. Nevertheless, the possibility of dual targeting of a single translation product has recently emerged. Here, we review cases of such dual targeting with emphasis on the mechanisms through which these phenomena occur. Proteins that harbour one signal, two separate signals or an overlapping ambiguous signal may follow dual distribution in the cell. The mechanism of dual targeting is driven by the competition or promiscuity of various molecular events. Protein folding, post-translational modification and protein-protein interaction are key players in this phenomenon.
Karniely
Sharon
S
Department of Molecular Biology, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Pines
Ophry
O
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D017510:Protein Folding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D021381:Protein Transport; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000378:metabolism
D021382:Protein Sorting Signals