Urotensin II: a vascular mediator in health and disease.
Urotensin II is the most potent vasoconstrictor known. Paradoxically, urotensin II also possesses vasodilator activity in certain vascular beds. While much is still to be learnt regarding urotensin II's actions on vascular tone, it is now clear that it mediates its effects by interacting with a specific G-protein-coupled receptor. The presence of urotensin II and its receptor in both vertebrate and invertebrate species suggests an evolutionarily conserved role in normal physiology although evidence is mounting for both species-specific as well as disease-specific effects of this peptide. This somatostatin-like peptide was originally thought to reside solely in compartments of the central nervous system. However, recent evidence implicated urotensin II in the pathogenesis of a variety of disease processes ranging from hypertension to hepatic cirrhosis. Increased expression of this peptide has been noted in cardiac, renal and hepatic disease. While the contribution of urotensin II to these diseases remains unclear, the advent of urotensin II antagonists allows for not only the possibility of a new range of therapeutic drugs but also new avenues of investigation and further mechanistic insights into the pathophysiology of these disease processes.
Kemp
William
W
Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, NHMRC Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Therapeutics, Monash University, Burnet Institute, Prahran 3181, Australia.
Roberts
Stuart
S
Krum
Henry
H
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D014579:Urotensins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C121697:UTS2R protein, human; D014579:Urotensins; C029677:urotensin II