title: The effects of C161-->T polymorphisms in exon 6 of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma gene on bone mineral metabolism and serum osteoprotegerin levels in healthy middle-aged women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the association of different genotypes in C161-->T substitution in exon 6 of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) gene with bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD), and serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) in female subjects to reveal the role of PPARgamma in bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 263 healthy Korean women (mean age 52 years), anthropometric measurements were taken along with measurements of lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, bone turnover markers, such as alkaline phosphatase, serum calcium, phosphorus, 24-hour urine calcium, phosphorus excretion, and urine deoxypyridinoline. Serum follicular stimulating hormone levels were measured and serum OPG levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Allele frequencies were 0.804 for the C allele and 0.196 for the T allele. There were no differences in mean age, body mass index, BMD, and bone turnover markers among different genotypes, and the subjects with T alleles had significantly lower serum OPG levels. There were no differences in the prevalence of metabolic bone diseases according to the genotypes. When analyzed according to the menopausal status, only postmenopausal subjects with T alleles showed significantly lower serum OPG levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequencies of C161-->T substitution in exon 6 of the PPARgamma gene in Korean females were similar to other races and women with T alleles showed significantly lower serum OPG levels and it was especially noted for postmenopausal subjects, which supports the possible concurrent association of PPARgamma and OPG with estrogen status in female subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Eun-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Ki-Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Won-Young
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Se-Yeon
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Eun-Sook
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Ki-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Baek
authors.forename: Moo-Il
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Sun-Woo
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry; D001483:Base Sequence; D015519:Bone Density / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011336:Probability; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D047495:PPAR gamma; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human