title: Structure-activity relationships of fluorinated lysophosphatidic acid analogues.
abstract: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1- or 2-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate) displays an intriguing cell biology that is mediated via interactions with seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the nuclear hormone receptor PPARgamma. To identify receptor-selective LPA analogues, we describe a series of fluorinated LPA analogues in which either the sn-1 or sn-2 hydroxyl group was replaced by a fluoro or fluoromethyl substituent. We also describe stabilized phosphonate analogues in which the bridging oxygen of the monophosphate was replaced by an alpha-monofluoromethylene (-CHF-) or alpha-difluoromethylene (-CF(2)-) moiety. The sn-2- and sn-1-fluoro-LPA analogues were unable to undergo acyl migration, effectively "freezing" them in the sn-1-O-acyl or sn-2-O-acyl forms, respectively. We first tested these LPA analogues on insect Sf9 cells induced to express human LPA(1), LPA(2), and LPA(3) receptors. While none of the analogues were found to be more potent than 1-oleoyl-LPA at LPA(1) and LPA(2), several LPA analogues were potent LPA(3)-selective agonists. In contrast, 1-oleoyl-LPA had similar activity at all three receptors. The alpha-fluoromethylene phosphonate analogue 15 activated calcium release in LPA(3)-transfected insect Sf9 cells at a concentration 100-fold lower than that of 1-oleoyl-LPA. This activation was enantioselective, with the (2S)-enantiomer showing 1000-fold more activity than the (2R)-enantiomer. Similar results were found for calcium release in HT-29 and OVCAR8 cells. Analogue 15 was also more effective than 1-oleoyl-LPA in activating MAPK and AKT in cells expressing high levels of LPA(3). The alpha-fluoromethylene phosphonate moiety greatly increased the half-life of 15 in cell culture. Thus, alpha-fluoromethylene LPA analogues are unique new phosphatase-resistant ligands that provide enantiospecific and receptor-specific biological readouts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and The Center for Cell Signaling, The University of Utah, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 205, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1257, USA.
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Junken
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Makiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Umezu-Goto
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.forename: Yasukazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takanezawa
authors.forename: Shuangxing
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Gordon B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Mills
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Glenn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Prestwich
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D005461:Fluorine; D006801:Humans; D007313:Insecta; D008024:Ligands; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D008246:Lysophospholipids; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D049368:Receptors, Lysophosphatidic Acid; D005461:Fluorine; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid; D002118:Calcium