title: Effects of activated platelet concentrates on human primary cultures of fibroblasts and osteoblasts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Platelet alpha granules contain growth factors released into the surrounding environment during activation. This property has been used in clinical medicine to accelerate the repair process by activating in vitro autologous platelets with thrombin and has also been proposed to promote the proliferation of bone cells. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of platelet concentrates activated with thrombin on human gingival fibroblasts and human osteoblasts from trabecular bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Platelet concentrates, activated with bovine thrombin, were added to the cells in serum-free medium. The cultures were assessed for proliferation by vital stain and cell count after 72-hour incubation. Alkaline phosphatase activity was tested after 72-hour incubation on the osteoblast lysates by a colorimetric assay. After 21 days the formation of mineral nodules was tested in the osteoblast cultures by alizarin red staining. The effects of the activated platelet concentrates (APC) were compared with the serum-free medium (SF), or with platelet-poor plasma added medium (PPP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The fibroblast growth in the presence of APC was higher, though not significantly, than SF. APC resulted in a nonsignificant decrease in proliferation and alkaline phosphatase expression in osteoblasts, compared both to serum free medium, and PPP. Mineralization was only modestly increased after incubation with APC in comparison with serum-free medium.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There were no statistical differences in fibroblast proliferation, or in osteoblast growth and functions between serum-free conditions and the platelet gel treatment. Therefore, neither fibroblast proliferation nor osteoblast growth and functions were affected by the activated platelet concentrates in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Pathophysiology of Orthopedic Implants, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy. elisabetta.cenni@ior.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cenni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciapetti
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pagani
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perut
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giunti
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Baldini
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000880:Anthraquinones; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle; D002452:Cell Count; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D015539:Platelet Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D013917:Thrombin / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D004396:Coloring Agents; D003470:Culture Media; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; C010078:alizarin; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D013917:Thrombin