title: Niche-dependent translineage commitment of endothelial progenitor cells, not cell fusion in general, into myocardial lineage cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous studies from our laboratory have shown therapeutic potential of ex vivo expanded endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) for myocardial ischemia. Our purpose was to investigate the mechanisms regulating EPC contribution to myocardial regeneration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  To evaluate niche-dependent expression profiles of EPCs in vitro, we performed coculture using cultured EPCs derived from human peripheral blood and rat cardiac myoblast cell line (H9C2). Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) disclosed the expression of human-specific cardiac markers as well as human-specific smooth muscle markers. Cytoimmunochemistry presented several cocultured cells stained with human specific cardiac antibody. To prove this translineage differentiation in vivo, human cultured EPCs were injected into nude rat myocardial infarction model. Reverse-transcription PCR as well as immunohistochemistry of rat myocardial samples demonstrated the expression of human specific cardiac, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial markers. We observed the distribution of colors (Qtracker; Quantum Dot Corp) in coculture to detect the fused cells, and the frequency of cell fusion was <1%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EPCs can contribute to not only vasculogenesis but also myogenesis in the ischemic myocardium in vivo. Transdifferentiation, not cell fusion, is dominant for EPCs commitment to myocardial lineage cells. Ex vivo expanded EPCs transplantation might have enhanced therapeutic potential for myocardial regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation/Stem Cell Translational Research, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murasawa
authors.forename: Atsuhiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Miki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: Shuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamori
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asahara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015415:Biomarkers; D002459:Cell Fusion; D019070:Cell Lineage / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000637:transplantation*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D032386:Myoblasts, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051381:Rats; D011923:Rats, Nude; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers