title: Zinc-induced anti-apoptotic effects in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells via the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2.
abstract: Zinc levels are increased in brain areas severely affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies. Zinc has both protective and neurotoxic properties and can stimulate both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Several kinases related to these pathways including protein kinase B (PKB), p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) are known cell survival factors and are overactivated in neurons bearing neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD. The present study aimed to determine whether anti-apoptotic effects of zinc are mediated via these signaling pathways. Zinc was used to treat SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and effects investigated in relation to PKB, p70S6K, and ERK1/2 in the absence and presence of the pro-apoptotic agent staurosporine (STS). Cell damage was evaluated by measuring levels of DNA fragmentation as well as the WST-1 assay for cell viability. Results indicated that: (1) treatment with high doses of zinc (>/=400 microM) for short time periods (</=2 h) gave rise to increased levels of DNA fragments, increased cell membrane permeability, and reduced mitochondria membrane potential; (2) treatment with 100 microM zinc for >2 h reversed an increased DNA fragmentation due to U0126 inhibition of ERK1/2; (3) increased DNA fragmentation due to STS could be protected against by 100 microM zinc; (4) the protective effects of 100 microM zinc on STS-induced DNA fragmentation could be partially reversed by U0126. These results indicate that a zinc-induced anti-apoptotic response in SH-SY5Y cells likely occurs through ERK1/2.
authors.affiliation: Division of Experimental Geriatrics, Department of Neurotec, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
authors.forename: Wen-Lin
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Jin-Jing
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Pei
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Cowburn
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000473:pathology; D011419:Propidium; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D019287:Zinc Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D020112:Rhodamine 123; D011419:Propidium; D019287:Zinc Sulfate; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3