title: Psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) for substance users.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), an established self-report measure of alexithymia, for a substance user sample participating in a clinical trial of outpatient cognitive-behavioral therapies (N=230).
  
  
  METHODS
  Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to determine the number and nature of the factors underlying the TAS-20 in a sample of substance users. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the predictive validity of the TAS-20.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A factor structure comparable, but not identical, with TAS-20 psychometric results with other populations was found; alpha coefficients were .88 for the feelings factor, .62 for the external thinking factor, and .87 for the total score. Although, on average, the substance users did not appear to have elevated alexithymia scores compared with the undergraduate students, alexithymia predicted less treatment engagement, i.e., fewer sessions attended and weaker helping alliance. Alexithymia also predicted alcohol use outcomes but not drug use outcomes. The relation between alexithymia and drinking outcome was conditional on whether the patient was using solely alcohol at baseline.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TAS-20 has reasonably good psychometric properties in this sample, which might be improved by dropping several marginal questionnaire items. Alexithymia appears to attenuate substance abuse treatment engagement. More clinical and research experience with this construct and specific instrument in substance user samples is needed.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Treatment and Services Research, National Development and Research Institutes, 71 West 23rd Street, New York, NY 10048, United States. cleland@ndri.org
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cleland
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magura
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foote
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosenblum
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kosanke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation