title: Telomerase activity as a potential diagnostic marker for triage of abnormal Pap smears.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether there is an association between high levels of telomerase and premalignant cervical disease and to provide a preliminary analysis of telomerase activity as a potential triage strategy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Premenopausal women were invited to participate in the study during routine gynecologic visits as well as visits where colposcopy was performed. Samples were taken from the cervix using a broom device and placed in cold phosphate-buffered saline. A total of 92 samples were evaluated. Cells were counted and lysed, and a semiquantitative measure of telomerase activity was determined using a commercially available telomerase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 was assessed by polymerase chain reaction analysis. One-way analysis of variance was used to test for the association of telomerase activity with cytology, HPV type 16 or 18 status, and colposcopy and/or biopsy findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When telomerase levels were analyzed according to Pap smear results, there were no differences among four groups of cytology findings (normal, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion). When colposcopy and/or biopsy results were considered, significantly higher levels of telomerase were detected in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2,3 samples than in normal Pap smear samples and CIN 1 samples (p = .035). There was no significant difference in telomerase levels between samples that tested positive for HPV type 16 or 18 and those that did not (p = .111).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Telomerase levels were significantly higher in cytologic samples from women with biopsy-proven CIN 2,3 than in samples from women with normal cytology results or CIN 1. These results warrant larger studies to determine whether telomerase activity may be a useful triage tool for abnormal cytologic findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Ault
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Stacia L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: M Bridget
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: Aloysius J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Klingelhutz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D003127:Colposcopy; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019098:Telomerase / Q000032:analysis*; D014218:Triage / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000145:classification* / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004279:DNA, Viral; D019098:Telomerase