title: Reinforced spatial alternation as an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): investigation of 5-HT2C and 5-HT1D receptor involvement in OCD pathophysiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study introduces a laboratory model of compulsive behavior based on persistence in the context of rewarded spatial alternation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were screened for spontaneous persistence during T-maze reinforced alternation. Experiment 1: One high and one low spontaneous persistence group (n = 8) received 20 injections of fluoxetine, a matched pair saline, both followed by 4 days of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP) challenge. Experiment 2: Five matched groups of rats (n = 9) received pretreatment (20 injections) with fluoxetine, mCPP, desipramine, diazepam or saline, followed by 4 days of mCPP challenge (fluoxetine in mCPP group). After washout, animals received 2 days of naratriptan, followed by another 2-day mCPP challenge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both experiments mCPP significantly increased persistence in saline controls. Fluoxetine also acutely increased persistence scores: after a gradual return to baseline, these scores showed tolerance to mCPP. Experiment 1: This pattern was significant in high but not low initial persistence groups. Experiment 2: Fluoxetine and mCPP showed cross-tolerance. Neither desipramine nor diazepam protected against mCPP challenge. Persistence scores returned to baseline during washout and naratriptan and were thereafter increased by another mCPP challenge in all but the fluoxetine and mCPP groups, suggesting 5-HT2C receptor mediation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This model is based on spontaneous persistence behavior showing pharmacological responses concordant with those of compulsive symptomatology.
authors.affiliation: Egnition Hospital, Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece. tsaltasl@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: Eleftheria
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsaltas
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kontis
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chrysikakou
authors.forename: Haralambos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giannou
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biba
authors.forename: Stella
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pallidi
authors.forename: Angeliki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Antonis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maillis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabavilas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D003891:Desipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003975:Diazepam / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D044346:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D / Q000502:physiology*; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C / Q000502:physiology*; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014363:Tryptamines
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D003891:Desipramine; D003975:Diazepam; D005473:Fluoxetine; D007211:Indoles; D010879:Piperazines; D010880:Piperidines; D044346:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1D; D044405:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D014363:Tryptamines; C106783:naratriptan; C015068:1-(3-chlorophenyl)piperazine