title: Scope and epidemiology of pediatric sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To summarize the scope and epidemiology of pediatric sepsis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Review of published literature.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sepsis is a leading cause of death in infants and children, with >42,000 cases of severe sepsis annually in the United States and millions worldwide. Half of the children with severe sepsis in the United States are infants, and half of infants are low- or very low-birth-weight babies. Underlying disease occurs in 49% of U.S. children with severe sepsis. National hospital costs associated with severe sepsis in the United States were $2.3 billion in 1999. Relatively simple strategies to identify and treat children with sepsis in the developing world have shown remarkable success. These strategies have included empirical antibiotics in babies at high risk of sepsis and aggressive fluid resuscitation in Dengue hemorrhagic fever.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sepsis is a major health problem among children in both developing and industrialized countries. However, sepsis is both preventable and treatable. Improved prevention and treatment of sepsis could have a substantial effect on survival and quality of life of all children, both those who are otherwise healthy and those who are chronically ill. The variations in the epidemiology of pediatric sepsis underscore the need for a multidisciplinary approach and consistently applied definitions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine (RSW, JAC), Center for Research on Health Care, and the Clinical Research, Investigation, and Systems Modeling in Acute Illness Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Carcillo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018805:Sepsis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018746:Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology