title: Histocompatibility testing predicts acute rejection risk in early corticosteroid withdrawal regimens.
abstract: Histocompatibility testing has been shown to predict acute rejection risk in steroid-based immunosuppression. However, little evidence exists of its ability to predict acute rejection risk in corticosteroid-free patients, with no evidence in early corticosteroid withdrawal (CSWD) under modern immunosuppression. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of histocompatibility testing to identify patients at high risk for acute rejection after early CSWD.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred eighty-one patients were entered into six IRB-approved early CSWD regimens. Histocompatibility testing included serologic PRA, flow cytometric PRA testing by Class I and Class II MHC beads, and B cell crossmatching with pronase treatment. All rejection episodes were biopsy proven, and grading was assigned using Banff criteria. Influence of individual tests was examined using Chi square univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 23.5 months (range 7-48 months). Of 181 patients, 16% were repeat transplant recipients, 36% received deceased donor renal transplants, 48% received living related donor renal transplants, and 16% received living unrelated transplants. Overall patient survival was 97%, and death-censored graft survival was 96.5%. Acute rejection rates in the entire follow-up period were 17.7%. 12.4% in primary transplant recipients and 37% in repeat transplant recipients. Multivariate analysis revealed that HLA AB and DR locus mismatching were associated with increased acute rejection risk. Similarly, serologic PRA analysis predicted acute rejection risk; however, flow cytometry crossmatching did not predict acute rejection risk. The greatest single influence on acute rejection risk appeared to be a flow cytometric B cell crossmatch (7.94-fold increased risk). In conclusion, histocompatibility testing can identify patients at high risk for acute rejection following early CSWD. HLA matching, serologic PRA testing, and flow cytometry-based B cell crossmatching can all be used to predict acute rejection risk.
authors.affiliation: Division of Transplantation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45249, USA. woodlees@uc.edu
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Woodle
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Susskind
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Alloway
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hanaway
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buell
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy-Chaudhury
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Succop
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cardi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007518:Isoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007518:Isoantibodies