title: Defining urinary tract infection in the critically ill child.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define urinary tract infections in critically ill children in the intensive care unit setting for the purpose of surveillance of infection, enrollment of children in sepsis trials, and for trials of therapy and prevention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Summary of the literature with review and consensus by experts in the field.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A variety of definitions, only some of which have been validated for use in children, were identified. The Centers for Disease Control criteria for the definition of nosocomial infection have been used to establish surveillance data for inter-institutional comparison. Validated definitions for the febrile child were identified. Using the known characteristics of symptoms, signs, and laboratory criteria for urinary tract infections, definitions for definite, possible, and probable urinary tract infection were derived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Definitions for definite, probable, and possible urinary tract infection were achieved by consensus that can be used for surveillance and enrolment in sepsis trials. Future research should determine the utility of these definitions in the critically ill child and adapt them accordingly.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Research Centre, the IWK Health Centre and Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Joanne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Langley
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016638:Critical Illness; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D018579:Patient Selection; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers