title: [Effects of reduced shear stress on inflammatory reactions in vitro. Effects of pathological flow conditions on leukocyte-endothelial interactions and monocyte tissue factor expression in human cell cultures].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During malperfusion and inflammation leukocyte adhesion is common. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of reduced shear stress on leukocyte-endothelial interactions and subsequent inflammatory reactions such as up-regulation of tissue factor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated neutrophils and monocytes were co-incubated with human umbilical venous endothelium at 0-3 dynes/cm(2) in a flow chamber. Adhesion and tissue factor expression on adherent leukocytes were examined at various flow conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 2-3 dynes/cm(2) adhesion occurred only on TNFalpha-activated endothelium. Below 1 dyne/cm(2) similarly increased adhesion was also observed on non-activated endothelium. As was observed for leukocyte adhesion, these shear stress-dependent cell interactions also resulted in an up-regulation of tissue factor on adherent monocytes from non-activated co-cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from additional activators of inflammation, reduced shear forces may directly contribute to inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Tübingen. boris.nohe@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nohé
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johannes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unertl
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Dieterich
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013925:Thromboplastin