title: Driving gastric electrical activity with electrical stimulation.
abstract: Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) therapy is generating a lot of interest, but it is still investigational. Its efficacy in driving gastric electrical activity and improving motility, and the ideal frequency for bringing this about are still controversial. In this study, a rule-based computer model of tissue electrical response to stimulation was developed to examine the interaction between tissue electrical refractoriness and the onset of tissue activation. The results were compared to response to GES in 8 dogs implanted with electrodes and strain gauges and stimulated at frequencies ranging from 3 to 30 cycles/min. Simulated electrical control activity at an intrinsic frequency of 5/min was entrained from 2.0 cycles/min to 7.92 cycles/min. The regularity of the ECA elicited by stimulation depended on the number of pulses injected. Electrical stimulation in canine stomach entrained the native electrical control activity from a baseline average of 5.14 +/- 0.32 cycles/min up to 9.2 cycles/min. Contractile response to stimulation at 20-30 cycles/min were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Computer simulation of GES may be a useful tool to complement and reduce some of the costs associated with empirical studies of gastric electrical stimulation in establishing its possible use in treating drug refractory gastroparesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA. familoni@savstate.edu
authors.forename: Babajide O
authors.initials: BO
authors.lastname: Familoni
authors.forename: Thomas L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Abell
authors.forename: Zhao
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Voeller
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D012032:Refractory Period, Electrophysiological / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology*; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*