title: Idiopathic achalasia is not allelic to alacrima achalasia adrenal insufficiency syndrome at the ALADIN locus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence indicates that patients with familial achalasia associated with Allgrove or triple-A syndrome (i.e. alacrima, achalasia and adrenocorticotropin-resistant adrenal insufficiency with neurological impairment) have mutations of the alacrima achalasia adrenal insufficiency syndrome (AAAS) gene.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was aimed at identifying possible AAAS gene mutations in patients with established idiopathic non-familial achalasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Genomic DNA of 41 patients was isolated from peripheral blood cells using standard methods. The 16 exons of the AAAS gene (or ALADIN) were screened for mutations using the denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four heterozygous nucleotidic variations have been identified in patients with idiopathic achalasia, among which three were exonic conservative polymorphisms [i.e. D138D (GAT-->GAC), L227L (TTG-->CTG) and F285F (TTC-->TTT) in exons 5, 7 and 9, respectively]. The fourth nucleotidic variation was located in intron 13 (IVS14-23delT). All variants have been regarded as polymorphisms resulting in a normal ALADIN protein since they are either conservative or lying outside the consensus splice sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data do not support a pathogenetic role for common AAAS gene mutations in patients with idiopathic achalasia as seen in Allgrove syndrome. These findings suggest the participation of different mechanisms in the pathogenesis of idiopathic achalasia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, University of Bologna, St. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Via Massarenti, 9, I-40138 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Di Nardo
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tullio-Pelet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Annese
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Stanghellini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barbara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Latiano
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Andriulli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cremon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Salvioli
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Volta
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Corinaldesi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lyonnet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Giorgio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C416506:AAAS protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D028861:Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins; D011506:Proteins