title: Modern management of nonneurologic pediatric incontinence.
abstract: Incontinence affects 20%-30% of children. Historically, evaluation of voiding problems in children has involved complete urodynamic studies and treatment based primarily on bladder findings and anticholinergic medications. Unfortunately, success with this approach has been poor. This article describes new advances in our understanding of the causes of nonneurologic pediatric incontinence and its associated problems and provides new treatment strategies to manage these patients. A strategy incorporating an escalating approach to evaluation and treatment is the cornerstone of this approach. Minimizing the routine use of invasive studies and medication is the result.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Medical Center, Springfield, USA.
authors.forename: Linda S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: McKenna
authors.forename: Patrick H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: McKenna
mesh_terms: D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology / Q000379:methods; D015984:Causality; D002648:Child; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009730:Nursing Assessment; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000503:physiopathology; D010808:Physical Examination; D012008:Recurrence; D014039:Toilet Training; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014563:Urodynamics; D014567:Urography; D014718:Vesico-Ureteral Reflux / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists