title: Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence following a rectosigmoid resection for colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Following recto-sigmoid resection some patients may become faecally incontinent and remain so despite conservative treatment. This multicentre prospective study assessed the use of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in this group.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had more than or equal to 4 days of faecal incontinence for solid or liquid stools over a 21-day period following recto-sigmoid resection for colorectal carcinoma. The operation had to have been deemed curative. They had to have failed pharmacological and biofeedback treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three male patients met these criteria. One had had a colo-anal and two a colo-rectal anastomosis for rectal carcinoma. All patients had intact internal and external anal sphincters. Two patients had a successful temporary stimulation period and proceeded to permanent implantation. Pre-operative symptom duration was 1 year in the permanently implanted patients. They were followed up for 12 months. SNS improved the number of faecally incontinent episodes in both patients. Ability to defer was improved in both patients from 0--5 min to 5--15 min. The faecal incontinence-specific ASCRS quality of life assessment improved in all four subcategories.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that SNS may be effective in the treatment of patients with faecal incontinence following recto-sigmoid resection if conservative treatment has failed.
authors.affiliation: St. Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
authors.forename: Michael E D
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: Klaus E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Matzel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stösser
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christiansen
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rosen
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kamm
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D012809:Colon, Sigmoid / Q000601:surgery*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000294:innervation / Q000473:pathology; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D016896:Treatment Outcome