title: Campylobacter.
abstract: Species within the genus, Campylobacter, have emerged over the last three decades as significant clinical pathogens, particularly of human public health concern, where the majority of acute bacterial enteritis in the Western world is due to these organisms. Of particular concern are the species, C. jejuni and C. coli, which are responsible for most of these gastrointestinal-related infections. Although these organisms have already emerged as causative agents of zoonoses, several aspects of their epidemiology and pathophysiology are only beginning to emerge. Trends in increasing antibiotic resistance are beginning to emerge with oral antibiotics, which may be the drug of choice for when it is necessary to intervene chemotherapeutically. This review wishes to examine (i) emerging clinical aspects of the disease, such as Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS), (ii) the association between these organisms and poultry as a natural host, (iii) environmental aspects of Campylobacter epidemiology, (iv) the emergence of atypical campylobacters (v) emerging trends in antibiotic resistance, (vi) adoption of modern methods for the detection of campylobacters.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Public Health Laboratory, Department of Bacteriology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AD, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. jemoore@niphl.dnet.co.uk
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Corcoran
authors.forename: James S G
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dooley
authors.forename: Séamus
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanning
authors.forename: Brigid
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lucey
authors.forename: Motoo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: McDowell
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mégraud
authors.forename: B Cherie
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: O'Mahony
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Riordan
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: Juluri R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rooney
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sails
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Whyte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002167:Campylobacter / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D014871:Water Microbiology