title: Interleukin (IL)-1A and IL-6: applications to the predictive diagnostic testing of radiation pneumonitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the application of interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-6 measurements in the predictive diagnostic testing for symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective protocol investigating RP and cytokines, IL-1alpha and IL-6 values were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from serial weekly blood samples of patients receiving chest radiation. We analyzed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) over selected threshold values for both cytokines in the application to diagnostic testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average coefficient of variation was 51% of the weekly mean IL-1alpha level and 39% of the weekly mean IL-6 value. Interleukin 1alpha and IL-6 became positively correlated with time. Specificity for both cytokines was better than sensitivity. IL-6 globally outperformed IL-1alpha in predicting RP, with higher PPV and NPV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate the feasibility of applying IL-1alpha and IL-6 measurements of blood specimens to predict RP. Interleukin-6 measurements offer stronger positive predictive value than IL-1alpha. This application might be further explored in a larger sample of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Yuhchyau
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ollivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hyrien
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Okunieff
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smudzin
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012372:ROC Curve; D017564:Radiation Pneumonitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6