title: Rheumatological manifestations of hepatitis C: incidence in a rheumatology and non-rheumatology setting and the effect of methotrexate and interferon.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive patients followed in a rheumatology department and to compare them with a similar population of HCV-positive patients who had never seen a rheumatologist, in order to describe the rheumatological symptoms present and the effects of methotrexate and interferon-alpha therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of clinical, radiological and biological data on 21 rheumatology patients (Group I) presenting symptoms consistent with a chronic inflammatory arthritis with a known HCV infection and compared them with 41 members of an HCV support association (Group II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Symptoms of myalgia, sicca syndrome, Raynaud's phenomenon or paraesthesias were similarly frequent in the two groups. However, inflammatory joint pain and joint swelling were more common in Group I. In this group rheumatoid factor was positive in 48%, antinuclear antibodies in 26%, cryoglobulin in 44% and a reduced complement level in 63%. The majority of patients from Group I treated with methotrexate demonstrated an amelioration of the rheumatological symptoms with few negative outcomes. Regarding interferon-alpha therapy and rheumatological symptoms-in Groups I and II respectively 50 and 66% demonstrated a deterioration, 33 and 30% showed no change and 17 and 4% showed an amelioration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rheumatological symptoms are common in patients chronically infected with HCV. It is essential to individualize the role of treatment with interferon-alpha and to consider the use of methotrexate for difficult cases.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Immunology, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 69437 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nissen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fontanges
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Allam
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zoulim
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trépo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Miossec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001170:Arthritis, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008727:Methotrexate