Unique features of the structural model of 'hard' cuticle proteins: implications for chitin-protein interactions and cross-linking in cuticle.
Cuticular proteins are one of the determinants of the physical properties of cuticle. A common consensus region (extended R&R Consensus) in these proteins binds to chitin, the other major component of cuticle. We previously predicted the preponderance of beta-pleated sheet in the consensus region and proposed its responsibility for the formation of helicoidal cuticle (Iconomidou et al., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 29 (1999) 285). Subsequently, we verified experimentally the abundance of antiparallel beta-pleated sheet in the structure of cuticle proteins (Iconomidou et al., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 31 (2001) 877). Homology modelling of soft (RR-1) cuticular proteins using bovine plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) as a template revealed an antiparallel beta-sheet half-barrel structure as the basic folding motif (Hamodrakas et al., Insect Biochem. Molec. Biol. 32 (2002) 1577). The RR-2 proteins characteristic of hard cuticle, have a far more conserved consensus and frequently more histidine residues. Extension of modelling to this class of consensus, in this work, reveals in detail several unique features of the proposed structural model to serve as a chitin binding structural motif, thus providing the basis for elucidating cuticle's overall architecture and chitin-protein interactions in cuticle.
Iconomidou
Vassiliki A
VA
Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 01, Greece. vecomom@cc.uoa.gr
Willis
Judith H
JH
Hamodrakas
Stavros J
SJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002686:Chitin / Q000737:chemistry*; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D019476:Insect Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D007313:Insecta / Q000737:chemistry*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
D019476:Insect Proteins; C047663:cuticle proteins, insects; D002686:Chitin