title: Predictors of chronic pelvic pain in an urban population of women with symptoms and signs of pelvic inflammatory disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to assess the risk profile for chronic pelvic pain (CPP) after pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for CPP in a longitudinal study of 780 predominately black, urban women with clinically suspected PID: complaints of acute pain (<30 days); a clinical finding of pelvic tenderness; and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated gonococcal or chlamydial cervicitis. CPP was defined as pain reported at >or=2 consecutive interviews conducted every 3 to 4 months for 2 to 5 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonblack race (odds ratio [OR], 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31-3.58), being married (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.02-4.18), a low SF-36 mental health composite score (OR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.69-4.34), >or=2 prior PID episodes (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.07-7.54), and smoking (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01-2.71) independently predicted CPP. Histologic endometritis or evidence of endometrial Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis infection was negatively associated with CPP (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.44-1.10).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A range of demographic, clinical, historical, and behavioral factors predict CPP after PID.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Epidemiology, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Haggerty
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peipert
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weitzen
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hendrix
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Holley
authors.forename: Deborah B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Hugh
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Randall
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Soper
authors.forename: Harold C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Wiesenfeld
authors.forename: Roberta B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ness
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010147:Pain Measurement; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017699:Pelvic Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014504:Urban Health; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016387:Women's Health; D001741:Black or African American