title: Visual impairment and morbidity in community-residing adults: the national health interview survey 1986-1996.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between visual impairment (VI) and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using pooled, annual population-based household interview survey data (n = 140,366) from the 1986-1996 National Health Interview Survey, covariate-adjusted, gender and age group specific logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between VI and five morbidity indicators: restricted activity days, bed rest days, doctor visits, hospitalizations, and self-rated health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After controlling for educational status, race and the number of reported non-ocular health conditions, fair or poor health status (compared to excellent, very good, or good health status) was generally more strongly associated with severe, bilateral VI (range of odds ratios [OR's]: 2.14-7.24) than with some VI (OR's: 1.45-2.21). Severe, bilateral VI was also associated with more frequent doctor and hospital visits among adults 18-64 years of age (range of OR's: 1.69-3.34), and restricted activity and bed rest days among males 45 years and older (range of OR's: 1.95-3.69).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings, in conjunction with other studies documenting the impact of VI on morbidity outcomes, indicate that an increased focus on the provision of eye care services will be necessary to address the growing burden of VI in aging societies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gómez-Marín
authors.forename: Byron L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: D Diane
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caban
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity / Q000639:trends; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*