title: The effect of copper speciation on the formation of chlorinated aromatics on real municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash.
abstract: A limited amount of information exists regarding the relationship between the chemical form of copper and the formation of chlorinated aromatics in fly ash. To understand the effects of the various forms of copper on the formation of chlorinated aromatics in real fly ash, we determined the chemical forms of copper present in various types of real fly ash using X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and evaluated the relationship between the chemical forms of copper and the formation of chlorinated aromatics. Copper chloride hydroxide (CuCl2 x 3Cu(OH)2) and cuprous chloride (CuCl) were the predominant copper species found in real fly ash. Although pure cupric chloride (CuCl2) is known to be the most active catalyst for the formation of chlorinated aromatics under experimental conditions with synthetic fly ash, CuCl2 was not found in every real fly ash sample. The amount of copper chloride hydroxide was positively correlated with the formation of chlorinated aromatics in real fly ash and is, consequently, considered to be one of the key species involved in the formation of chlorinated aromatics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshidahon-machi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan. takaoka@epsehost.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiono
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshita
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Tsunehiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D000465:Algorithms; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000737:chemistry; D060729:Coal Ash; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry*; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D060729:Coal Ash; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D052638:Particulate Matter; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper