title: Patients with heart failure who die in hospice.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with end-stage heart failure experience disability, dyspnea, pain, and suffering at the end of life despite progress in treatment approaches. Little is known about the patients with heart failure in hospice and the impact of hospice care on health-related outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The purposes of this retrospective, descriptive chart review were to (1) describe the characteristics of patients who receive hospice care, (2) identify symptoms most commonly reported by patients with heart failure in hospice during the last 7 days of life, and (3) identify interventions used by hospice nurses to manage the symptoms. The majority of the patients were women, widowed, and white. Median length of stay was 10 days. Nearly 37% of the patients were admitted to hospice during the last week of life. Primary symptoms at admission for hospice care included dyspnea, confusion at least some of the time, and poor appetite. There was no statistically significant difference in symptoms between the day of admission for hospice care and the day of death. Symptom management strategies included oxygen, family reassurance or education, skin care, and patient education. Medications commonly used to relieve symptoms included antianxiety medications, morphine, and/or other narcotics. Although mainstay heart failure drugs had been prescribed for some patients, prescription rates were low and not in line with current guideline recommendations, nor were those medications recorded as being used for symptom management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research including prospective study is needed to clearly articulate the impact of hospice care on patients and families affected by heart failure.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky 40292, USA. cahoyt01@louisville.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl Hoyt
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Zambroski
authors.forename: Debra K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Moser
authors.forename: Lynn P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Roser
authors.forename: Seongkum
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: Misook L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Chung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015897:Comorbidity; D003221:Confusion / Q000453:epidemiology; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000453:epidemiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality* / Q000451:nursing*; D006738:Hospices / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology