title: [The effect of high dose fluoride on the rat offspring osteoblasts which ingested by female rats].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of high dose fluoride which ingested by female rats on morphologic change in rat offspring's bone and osteoblast, discuss the relation between the mechanism of fluorosis and cell cycle, cell apoptosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In stock diets condition, Wistar female rats drank distilled water containing 0,50,100,150 mg/L NaF for 2 months, then they are mated with normal rats. The calvarium and osteoblast of offsprings were used to investigate the effects of fluoride on ultrastructure by LM and TEM. FCM was used to analysis cell cycle and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Electron microscope revealed the number of microvilli of osteoblasts were overall decreased in rat offsprings with fluorosis. There was mitochondrial swelling and dilation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). The matrix of calvarium was hyperplasia and collagen was accumulated and turbulenced. The nuclear manifested the apoptosis character. NaF at 150 mg/ L increased the osteoblast number of S phase with relative decrease of cell number of G2/M phase, but did not change that in G0/G1 phase. The apoptosis percentage increased in this group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Excessive fluoride can directly through the placental barrier, influence cell structure and cell cycle distribution of fluorosis rat offspring and render the cell cycle stagnant in S phase, induce apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: College of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ying-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Xiao-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012886:Skull / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D012969:Sodium Fluoride