title: Tissue-engineered bone from BMP-2-transduced stem cells derived from human fat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progenitor cells capable of induction into multiple mesenchymal lineages have been isolated from human liposuction aspirates. These cells, named processed lipoaspirate cells, have previously shown in vitro osteogenic capacity. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo bone induction capacity of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2)-transduced processed lipoaspirate cells using adipose tissue from multiple harvest sites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Processed lipoaspirate cells extracted from human abdominal and buttock liposuction aspirates (n = 5) and from infrapatellar fat pads (n = 5) were placed in osteogenic media containing Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with 10% fetal bovine serum supplemented with 50 muM ascorbic acid-2-phosphate and 10 mM beta-glycerol phosphate. Half of these cells were transfected with an adenovirus carrying the cDNA for bone morphogenetic protein-2 (adBMP-2). These transfected cells were then seeded onto collagen I matrices at a concentration of 2 x 10 cells/matrix and were placed into the hind limbs of severe combined immunodeficient mice (n = 10). Nontransfected processed lipoaspirate cells were placed in the contralateral limb as a control. After 6 weeks, specimens were analyzed by radiographs, densitometry, and hematoxylin and eosin and von Kossa staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of cells extracted from the abdominal/buttock lipoaspirates was 3.4 x 10 cells/100 ml fat aspirate and 5.5 x 10 cells per infrapatellar fat pad (average volume, 20.6 cc). All 10 BMP-2 transfected processed lipoaspirate constructs produced abundant radiographic and histologic bone. The bone was adequately mineralized and was beginning to establish a marrow cavity. There was no quantitative difference in bone production between harvest sites [mean, 2.0 +/- 0.1 aluminum units (knee) versus 2.1 +/- 0.1 aluminum units (abdomen/buttock); p = 0.14]. No bone was produced in the negative controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multipotential processed lipoaspirate cells can be extracted from adipose tissue harvested from liposuction aspirates or from the infrapatellar fat pad of the knee. Processed lipoaspirate cells can be transduced with the BMP-2 gene to produce abundant in vivo bone. These cells appear to be clinically useful for bone tissue engineering applications either as osteoprogenitor cells or as delivery vehicles for BMP-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Laboratory for Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Jason L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Dragoo
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lieberman
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dan A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Deugarte
authors.forename: Yupo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Zuk
authors.forename: Marc H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hedrick
authors.forename: Prosper
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benhaim
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002113:Calcification, Physiologic; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen; D024042:Collagen Type I; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D015187:Lipectomy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D023421:Models, Animal; D039902:Multipotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D010957:Plasmids; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D013234:Stem Cells; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014162:Transfection; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C525718:BMP2 protein, human; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D024042:Collagen Type I; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D003094:Collagen