Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults.
A number of medication and psychologic treatment options for adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have become available during the past 5 years, while others are under investigation. This review describes the safety and effectiveness of the stimulants (i.e., methylphenidate and dexedrine), and particularly the newer long-acting stimulants (i.e., Concerta) and Adderall XR) in the treatment of this population. Some nonstimulant/nonantidepressants, particularly atomoxetine, have also been shown to improve attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Combination treatment of stimulants and antidepressants require more study with regard to safety and efficacy. Psychosocial interventions (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness training and cognitive remediation) can also benefit adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapy combined with medication is more effective than either intervention alone, especially for addressing the emotional and functional aspects of peoples lives and thus improving occupational, interpersonal and emotional outcomes.
Greenfield
Brian
B
Montreal Childrens Hospital, Emergency Follow-Up Team, 2300 Tupper Ave, Montreal, Quebec, H3H 1P3, Canada. brian.greenfield@muhc.mcgill.ca
Hechman
Lily
L
D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000628:therapy*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005104:Expert Testimony; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011437:Propylamines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D011437:Propylamines; D000069445:Atomoxetine Hydrochloride; D009538:Nicotine