title: Evaluation of cortical bone by peripheral quantitative computed tomography in renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The absolute risk of fractures in renal transplant patients is 3 times that of matched controls. Most of the symptomatic fractures are peripheral, suggesting a greater compromise of cortical bone. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) is a new imaging technique that allows separate noninvasive evaluations of cortical and trabecular bones. We investigated cortical bone by pQCT in 12 renal transplant patients (seven men and five women) for comparison with 27 normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  pQCT (XCT 960, Stratec, Pforheim, Germany) was performed upon the distal radius of the nondominant forearm (15% the length of the ulna, proximal from the radius end plate). We evaluated total and cortical bone mineral density (TBMD, cBMD), total (cross-sectional) and cortical area (TA, cA), cortical thickness (cThk), endosteal and periosteal circumferences, and the buckling ratio (r/cThK).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with normal controls transplant patients as a whole showed a significant increase in TA, in endosteal circumference (P < .001), and in the buckling ratio (P < .001) with a significant reduction in cThK (P < .001). Female patients had a marked decrease in cA (51.4 vs 69.3 [pixel n]; P < .0001) and cThK (2.08 vs 2.78 mm; P < .0001). Male patients also had a decrease in cThK (2.54 vs 3.30 mm; P = .0001) and an increase in endosteal perimeter (31.2 vs 26.4 mm; P < .0001). Total time on dialysis prior to renal graft correlated negatively with cortical thickness (r = .62; P < .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a marked thinning of cortical bone may explain the increased incidence of peripheral fractures among renal transplant patients.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigaciones Metabólicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lombas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cuevas
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiavelli
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Bogado
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Zanchetta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods