title: Incidental vertebral fractures discovered with chest radiography in the emergency department: prevalence, recognition, and osteoporosis management in a cohort of elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vertebral fractures are common and usually an indication for osteoporosis treatment. However, screening is not recommended, and many fractures go undetected. Our objectives were to determine the utility of chest radiographs for detecting previously unrecognized vertebral fractures; document rates of recognition; and evaluate osteoporosis treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 2001, we conducted a cohort study in a random sample of 500 patients older than 60 years who presented to our emergency department and underwent chest radiography for any indication. The primary outcome was prevalence of moderate-to-severe vertebral fractures determined by independent radiograph review using validated semiquantitative techniques. Secondary outcomes were rates of fracture recognition according to official radiologists' reports and rates of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to determine correlates of study-defined and officially reported fractures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We excluded 36 patients with inadequate radiographs and 5 for other reasons. Mean age was 75.2 years; 47% were women; and 80% were white. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe vertebral fractures according to independent review was 72 (16%) of 459; 29 (40%) of these fractures were not recorded in the official radiologists' report (kappa = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.75). A history of osteoporosis was the only independent correlate of having a vertebral fracture identified by independent review (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.14-4.17) or by official report (adjusted OR, 4.97; 95% CI, 0.95-25.86). Of the 72 patients with fractures, only 18 (25%) had histories of osteoporosis or received osteoporosis medications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in 6 elderly patients who underwent chest radiography in our emergency department had clinically important vertebral fractures. Nevertheless, only 43 (60%) of these fractures were reported, and only 25% of patients with fractures received a diagnosis of or treatment for osteoporosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Room 2E3.07 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Uinversity of Alberta Hospital, 8440 112th St, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7. me2.majumdar@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Sumit R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Majumdar
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chahal
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Ho
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jen
authors.forename: Kerry G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Siminoski
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: Brian H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Rowe
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000416:Alberta / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033162:Incidental Findings; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates