The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and very low calorie diet during a short-term weight reducing regimen on weight loss and serum fatty acid composition in severely obese women.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (n-3 PUFA) were shown to increase basal fat oxidation in humans. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of n-3 PUFA added to a very low calorie diet (VLCD), with VLCD only during three-week inpatient weight reduction. Twenty severely obese women were randomly assigned to VLCD with n-3 PUFA or with placebo. Fatty acids in serum lipid fractions were quantified by gas chromatography. Differences between the groups were determined using ANOVA. Higher weight (7.55+/-1.77 vs. 6.07+/-2.16 kg, NS), BMI (2.82+/-0.62 vs. 2.22+/-0.74, p<0.05) and hip circumference losses (4.8+/-1.81 vs. 2.5+/-2.51 cm, p<0.05) were found in the n-3 group as compared to the control group. Significantly higher increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate was found in the n-3 group showing higher ketogenesis and possible higher fatty acid oxidation. The increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate significantly correlated with the increase in serum phospholipid arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; r = 0.91, p<0.001). In the n-3 group significantly higher increase was found in n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) in triglycerides and phospholipids. The significant decrease of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) in triglycerides probably reflected lower lipogenesis. A significant negative correlation between BMI change and phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid change was found (r = -0.595, p<0.008). The results suggest that long chain n-3 PUFA enhance weight loss in obese females treated by VLCD. Docosahexaenoate (22:6n-3) seems to be the active component.
Kunesová
M
M
Obesity Management Centre, Institute of Endocrinology, Charles University, Prague 1, Czech Republic. mkunesova@endo.cz
Braunerová
R
R
Hlavatý
P
P
Tvrzická
E
E
Stanková
B
B
Skrha
J
J
Hilgertová
J
J
Hill
M
M
Kopecký
J
J
Wagenknecht
M
M
Hainer
V
V
Matoulek
M
M
Parízková
J
J
Zák
A
A
Svacina
S
S
D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000032:analysis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D015431:Weight Loss
D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010743:Phospholipids; D014280:Triglycerides; C008757:palmitoleic acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; C050413:11-octadecenoic acid; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid