title: [Ultrastructural study of epiretinal membrane stained by trypan blue: 15 case reports].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Idiopathic epiretinal membrane results from detachment of the posterior hyaloid and is believed to be related to naturally occurring defects in the internal limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina. Vitrectomy and peeling are the treatment of choice. Trypan blue 0.15% (TB) stains epiretinal membrane and internal limiting membrane. It allows selective and complete removal, facilitating surgery, with less retinal damage. An ultrastructural study was conducted showing ultrastructural features of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERM) and those of the internal limiting membrane and its connections with the retinal side.
  
  
  METHODS
  After pars plana vitrectomy and induction of posterior vitreous detachment, 0.2 ml TB 0.15% was injected over the ERM in an air-filled eye. The stained tissue was peeled with intraocular forceps. Specimens were at once collected in 4% glutaraldehyde for a transmission electron microscopy study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TB may allow complete and easier ERM and ILM peeling. The staining does not present toxic effects. The major cellular contingent is represented by glial cells, participating actively in neocollagen synthesis. Their presence supports the hypothesis of a migratory movement of retinal cells toward the vitreoretinal side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of an intact internal limiting membrane, the absence of optical fibers belonging to the under retina, and the absence of any sign of apoptosis make TB a useful staining agent for ERM and ILM peeling.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU de Poitiers, 2, rue de la Milétrie, BP577, 86021 Poitiers cedex, France.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balayre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boissonnot
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quellard
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babin
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dighiero
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012160:Retina / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014343:Trypan Blue
chemical_list: D014343:Trypan Blue