title: Barakol extracted from Cassia siamea stimulates chloride secretion in rat colon.
abstract: Barakol is a purified extract of Cassia siamea, a plant that has been used as a laxative in traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of barakol on anion transport across the rat colon epithelium was investigated. Colonic epithelium was mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed with Ringer's solution. Addition of 1 mM barakol to the basolateral solution produced a slow increase in short-circuit current (Isc) in proximal colon and distal colon by 24.5 +/- 2.2 and 24.2 +/- 1.4 microA/cm(2), respectively. Barakol increased Isc in a concentration-dependent manner with an EC(50) value of 0.4 mM. The barakol-stimulated increase in Isc was inhibited by subsequent treatment with 500 microM diphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid or 400 microM glibenclamide added to the apical solution and 200 microM bumetanide added to the basolateral solution. Pretreatment of the tissues with 200 microM bumetanide, but not 10 microM amiloride, completely abolished the barakol-increased Isc. Ion substitution experiments showed an inhibition of barakol-stimulated Isc in chloride-free solution but not in bicarbonate-free solution. In addition, pretreatment of tissues with 10 microM tetrodotoxin or 10 microM indomethacin, but not 1 microM atropine or 10 microM hexamethonium, partially inhibited the Isc response by barakol. The present results demonstrated the stimulatory effect of barakol on the bumetanide-sensitive chloride secretion in rat colon. The effect of barakol was partly mediated by the stimulation of submucosal nerves and through the release of cyclooxygenase metabolites. These findings thus provide an explanation for the underlying mechanism of barakol as a secretagogue in mammalian colon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand. chatsri@swu.ac.th
authors.forename: Chatsri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deachapunya
authors.forename: Sutthasinee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poonyachoti
authors.forename: Watchareewan
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thongsaard
authors.forename: Nateetip
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krishnamra
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002366:Cassia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D043803:Phenalenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters / Q000378:metabolism; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D001578:Benzopyrans; D001639:Bicarbonates; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002712:Chlorides; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D043803:Phenalenes; D028021:Sodium-Potassium-Chloride Symporters; C107911:barakol; D007213:Indomethacin