Structure and function studies of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1): the designing of a novel pharmacological agent for the treatment of diabetes.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a proglucagon-derived peptide secreted from gut endocrine cells in response to nutrient ingestion. The multifaceted actions of GLP-1 include the following: (1) the stimulation of insulin secretion and of its gene expression, (2) the inhibition of glucagon secretion, (3) the inhibition of food intake, (4) the proliferation and differentiation of beta cells, and (5) the protection of beta-cells from apoptosis. The therapeutic utility of the native GLP-1 molecule is limited by its rapid enzymatic degradation by a serine protease termed dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). The present article reviews the research studies aimed at elucidating the biosynthesis, metabolism, and molecular characteristics of GLP-1 since it is from these studies that the development of a GLP-1-like pharmacological agent may be derived.
Hui
Hongxiang
H
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
Zhao
Xiaoning
X
Perfetti
Riccardo
R
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy; D015195:Drug Design; D005091:Exons; D015894:Genome, Human; D005934:Glucagon / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon