title: Tbx20 dose-dependently regulates transcription factor networks required for mouse heart and motoneuron development.
abstract: To elucidate the function of the T-box transcription factor Tbx20 in mammalian development, we generated a graded loss-of-function series by transgenic RNA interference in entirely embryonic stem cell-derived mouse embryos. Complete Tbx20 knockdown resulted in defects in heart formation, including hypoplasia of the outflow tract and right ventricle, which derive from the anterior heart field (AHF), and decreased expression of Nkx2-5 and Mef2c, transcription factors required for AHF formation. A mild knockdown led to persistent truncus arteriosus (unseptated outflow tract) and hypoplastic right ventricle, entities similar to human congenital heart defects, and demonstrated a critical requirement for Tbx20 in valve formation. Finally, an intermediate knockdown revealed a role for Tbx20 in motoneuron development, specifically in the regulation of the transcription factors Isl2 and Hb9, which are important for terminal differentiation of motoneurons. Tbx20 could activate promoters/enhancers of several genes in cultured cells, including the Mef2c AHF enhancer and the Nkx2-5 cardiac enhancer. The Mef2c AHF enhancer relies on Isl1- and Gata-binding sites. We identified a similar Isl1 binding site in the Nkx2-5 AHF enhancer, which in transgenic mouse embryos was essential for activity in a large part of the heart, including the outflow tract. Tbx20 synergized with Isl1 and Gata4 to activate both the Mef2c and Nkx2-5 enhancers, thus providing a unifying mechanism for gene activation by Tbx20 in the AHF. We conclude that Tbx20 is positioned at a critical node in transcription factor networks required for heart and motoneuron development where it dose-dependently regulates gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Research, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
authors.forename: Jun K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mileikovskaia
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koshiba-Takeuchi
authors.forename: Analeah B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Heidt
authors.forename: Alessandro D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gertsenstein
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Georges
authors.forename: Lorinda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Chi-Chung
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: R Mark
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Henkelman
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nemer
authors.forename: Brian L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Andras
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Benoit G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Bruneau
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000196:embryology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; D051379:Mice / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D000072576:Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.5; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D064326:MEF2 Transcription Factors; C578041:Mef2c protein, mouse; D018006:Myogenic Regulatory Factors; C484469:Nkx2-5 protein, mouse; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; C486013:Tbx20 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors