title: Neuropharmacokinetics of a new alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) modulator, S18986 [(S)-2,3-dihydro-[3,4]cyclopentano-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide], in the rat.
abstract: The aim of our study was to determine the neuropharmacokinetics of S18986 [(S)-2,3-dihydro-[3,4]cyclopentano-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide], a new positive allosteric modulator of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid-type receptors, in the rat. We focused on its blood-brain barrier (BBB) uptake and on its brain intra- and extracellular fluid (bICF-bECF) partitioning. BBB transport of S18986 was measured using the in situ brain perfusion technique. bECF concentrations were determined by microdialysis in the two effector areas, i.e., frontal cortex (FC) and dorsal hippocampus (DH), and blood samples were collected simultaneously through a femoral catheter. Cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue concentrations were determined using a conventional pharmacokinetic approach. Using all the experimental data, pharmacokinetic modeling was applied to describe the S18986 blood-brain disposition. The brain uptake clearance of S18986 was found to be high, about 20 mul s(-1) g(-1). Terminal half-lives were similar in plasma and brain, at around 1 h. Experimental and predicted blood and brain concentrations were a good fit with the pharmacokinetic model, which assumed first-order rate constants at each interface. Ratios of bECF to the unbound plasma area under the curve (AUC) were 0.24 in FC and 0.25 in DH, whereas ratios of bICF/plasma AUC were 1 in FC and 1.5 in DH. We conclude that despite the ratio of bECF/plasma AUC below 1, there is nevertheless an elevated BBB uptake of S18986. This can be explained by the S18986 nonhomogenous bECF/bICF partitioning, since S18986 mainly distributes into hippocampal bICF. This illustrates the importance of taking bECF/bICF partitioning into account when interpreting the neuropharmacokinetics of a drug.
authors.affiliation: Université Laval, centre de recherche CHUQ-CHUL, Laboratoire d'endocrinologie moléculaire et on-cologique, T2-69, 2705 boulevard Laurier Sainte-Foy (Québec), G1V 4G2, Canada. fanchon.bourasset@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Fanchon
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bourasset
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Genissel
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scherrmann
mesh_terms: D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000818:Animals; D001581:Benzothiadiazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C414205:S18986-1