title: Induction of apoptosis by apicularen A in human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60.
abstract: Apicularen A, a macrolide isolated from the myxobacterial genus Chondromyces, suppressed the proliferation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells), increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and induced condensation and fragmentation of chromatin at 1 to 100 nM. In addition, it induced the DNA fragmentation, increased the percentage of annexin V-stained cells, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a substrate of caspase. In contrast, apicularen B, an N-acetylglucosamine glycoside of apicularen A, had no such effects at 100 nM. These findings indicated that apicularen A induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells by activating caspases. Phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK and Akt was not induced by apicularen A at 100 nM, suggesting that the apicularen A-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells is not regulated by the activation of p44/42 MAPK, p38 MAPK or Akt. Furthermore, by acridine orange staining of the cells, it was suggested that apicularen A but not apicularen B inhibits vacuolar-type H+-ATPase.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pathophysiological Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: Jangja
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Okpyo
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zee
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohuchi
mesh_terms: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D018922:HL-60 Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy; D018942:Macrolides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008517:Phytotherapy
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D018942:Macrolides; C117813:apicularen A; C117814:apicularen B