title: Vasoactive intestinal peptide and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide stimulate interleukin-6 production in prostate cancer cells and prostatic epithelial cells.
abstract: We investigated the effect of the vasoactive intestinal (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptides (PACAP) on the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in normal prostate epithelial and stromal cells and prostate cancer cells. We performed RT-PCR analysis to assess the expression of VIP receptor (VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1) mRNA in normal prostate epithelial and stromal cells and prostate cancer cells, and investigated the effect of VIP and PACAP on the production of IL-6. VPAC1, VPAC2 and PAC1 receptor mRNAs were expressed in LNCaP and DU-145/AR prostate cancer cells and PrEC cells (prostate epithelial cells). VIP stimulated the production of IL-6 in DU-145/AR prostate cancer and PrEC cells. PACAP showed a similar effect on IL-6 production in PrEC cells. VIP stimulated IL-6 promoter transcriptional activity in DU-145/AR cells. These results indicate that VIP and PACAP may modulate the IL-6 production of normal prostate epithelial and prostate cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. nagakawa@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nagakawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Junicho
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akashi
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuse
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Saiki
mesh_terms: D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C495401:ADCYAP1 protein, human; C495503:ADCYAP1R1 protein, human; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D051219:Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051236:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; D051237:Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; D018005:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D051239:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II; D051238:Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I; C495506:VIPR1 protein, human; C495509:VIPR2 protein, human; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide