title: Serum-free spheroid culture of mouse corneal keratocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a serum-free mass culture system for mouse keratocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Corneas of C57BL6/J mice were enzyme digested after the epithelium and endothelium were removed. Stromal cells were cultured in serum-free DMEM/F12 (1:1) containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), and B27 supplement. Primary spheres were dissociated by trypsin and subcultured as suspended secondary spheres. Cells from postnatal day (P)6 to P10 spheres were subcultured onto plastic dishes or type I collagen gels for phenotype analysis. The expression of the keratocyte markers keratocan, aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh), and CD34, were analyzed by RT-PCR, and vimentin and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were examined by immunocytochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Primary keratocytes formed spheres, which were cultured for over 12 passages. Suspended sphere cells expressed vimentin, keratocan, CD34, and lumican, but were negative for cytokeratin K12 (K12) and Pax6. Sphere cells subcultured on plastic exhibited a dendritic morphology characteristic of keratocytes, and maintained keratocan, Aldh, and CD34 expression in serum-free medium. Sphere cells subcultured with 10% serum became fibroblastic, and expressed alpha-SMA when stimulated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. alpha-SMA-positive cells demonstrated contractile properties on collagen gels, compatible with the myofibroblast phenotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phenotype of mouse keratocytes can be maintained in vitro for more than 12 passages by the serum-free sphere culturing technique.
authors.affiliation: Cornea Center and Departmernt of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shigeto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimmura
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimazaki
authors.forename: Naoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shinozaki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002469:Cell Separation; D003319:Corneal Stroma / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016895:Culture Media, Serum-Free