title: Papillary phenotype confers improved survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study compares outcome after resection of papillary hilar cholangiocarcinoma to that of the more common nodular-sclerosing subtype.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical, radiologic, histopathologic, and survival data on all patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma were analyzed. Resected tumors were reexamined and classified as nodular-sclerosing (no component of papillary carcinoma) or papillary (any component of papillary carcinoma); for papillary tumors, the proportion of invasive carcinoma present was determined. Differences in the clinical behavior and histopathologic features of nodular-sclerosing and papillary tumors were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From January 1991 to November 2003, 279 patients were evaluated, 154 men (55.2%) and 125 women (44.8%), with a mean age of 65.4 +/- 0.7 years (median = 68, range 23-87 years). Of the 215 patients explored, 106 (49.5%) underwent a complete gross resection. An en bloc partial hepatectomy (n = 87) and an R0 resection (n = 82) were independent predictors of favorable outcome. Operative mortality was 7.5% but was 2.8% over the last 4 years of the study, and there were no operative deaths in the last 33 consecutive resections. Twenty-five resected tumors (23.6%) contained a papillary component: 12 were minimally or noninvasive (<10% invasive cancer) and 13 had an invasive component ranging from 10% to 95% (> or =10%). Patients with papillary and nodular-sclerosing tumors had similar demographics, operative procedures, and proportion of R0 resections. By contrast, papillary tumors were significantly larger, more often well-differentiated, and earlier stage. Disease-specific survival after resection of papillary tumors (55.7 months) was greater than after resection of nodular-sclerosing lesions (33.5 months, P = 0.013). The papillary phenotype was an independent predictor of survival, although the benefit was more pronounced for less invasive tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of a component of papillary carcinoma is more common than previous reports have suggested and is an important determinant of survival after resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA. jarnagiw@mskcc.org
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Jarnagin
authors.forename: Wilbur
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bowne
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Klimstra
authors.forename: Leah
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ben-Porat
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Roggin
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cymes
authors.forename: Yuman
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: DeMatteo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Angelica
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koea
authors.forename: Leslie H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Blumgart
mesh_terms: D000231:Adenocarcinoma, Papillary / Q000473:pathology*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010641:Phenotype; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome