title: Fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, attenuates angiotensin II-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice by inhibiting apoptosis and proteolysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin II (Ang II) accelerates atherosclerosis and induces abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in an experimental mouse model. Agonism of a G protein-coupled receptor by Ang II activates Rho-kinase and other signaling pathways and results in activation of proteolysis and apoptosis. Enhanced proteolysis and smooth muscle cell apoptosis are important mechanisms associated with AAA. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, could attenuate Ang II-induced AAA formation by inhibiting vascular wall apoptosis and extracellular matrix proteolysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six-month-old apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were infused with Ang II (1.44 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 1 month. Animals were randomly assigned to treatment with fasudil (136 or 213 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) in drinking water) or tap water. Ang II infusion induced AAA formation in 75% of the mice, which was accompanied by an increase in proteolysis detected by zymographic analysis and quantified by active matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity, as well as apoptosis detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and quantified by both caspase-3 activity and histone-associated DNA fragmentation. The level of DNA fragmentation in the suprarenal aorta correlated with AAA diameter. Ang II also increased atherosclerotic lesion area and blood pressure. Fasudil treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in both the incidence and severity of AAA. At the higher dose, fasudil decreased AAA by 45% while significantly inhibiting both apoptosis and proteolysis, without affecting atherosclerosis or blood pressure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that inhibition of Rho-kinase by fasudil attenuated Ang II-induced AAA through inhibition of both apoptosis and proteolysis pathways.
authors.affiliation: Berlex Biosciences, Richmond, Calif 94804, USA. jim_wang@berlex.com
authors.forename: Yi-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Baby
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Martin-McNulty
authors.forename: Valdeci
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: da Cunha
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vincelette
authors.forename: Xiangru
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Qingping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halks-Miller
authors.forename: Mithra
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahmoudi
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schroeder
authors.forename: Babu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Subramanyam
authors.forename: Jih-Lie
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schirm
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johns
authors.forename: Katalin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kauser
authors.forename: William P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Dole
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Light
mesh_terms: D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D017209:Apoptosis; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D000804:Angiotensin II; D019307:1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054460:rho-Associated Kinases; C049347:fasudil