title: Anxious-depression in boys: an evaluation of executive functioning.
abstract: The effects of anxiety and depression on frontal lobe functioning were tested in two groups of 9-11-year-old boys. Participants were screened for handedness, health, intelligence and classified as anxious-depressed or non-anxious, non-depressed based on scores from the A-State scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children and the Child Depression Inventory. Previous research in our laboratory has indicated that boys high in anxious-depression may have neuropsychological deficits [e.g., Emerson, C. S., Harrison, D. W., & Everhart, D. E. (1999). Investigation of receptive affective prosodic ability in school-aged boys with and without depression. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurology, 12(2), 102-109; Emerson, C. S., Harrison, D. W., Everhart, D. E., & Williamson, J. B. (2001). Grip strength asymmetry in depressed boys. Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology, 14(2), 130-134]. In order to assess the effects of anxious-depression on cerebral functioning performance on the Trail Making Test (Forms A and B) and on the Concept Formation subtest of the Woodcock Johnson was compared between groups. As predicted, anxious-depressed boys demonstrated deficits in sequencing, alternation, and problem-solving tasks as evidenced by longer completion times and significantly more errors on the tests. These results provide supportive evidence for deficits in frontal lobe functioning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Williams Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
authors.forename: Carol S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: Gina A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Mollet
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology*; D014145:Trail Making Test; D014888:Wechsler Scales