title: Cerebrospinal fluid and neutrophil respiratory burst after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) on the activation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in response to receptor-dependent stimulation with N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine and TNFalpha or non-receptor-dependent stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate.
  
  
  METHODS
  CSF from 12 patients with SAH due to ruptured cerebral aneurysm was collected. Samples of CSF were drawn at different time points. CSF from 6 healthy subjects receiving spinal anesthesia served as the control group. After stimulation of PMN the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates was analyzed on a flow cytometer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the presence of CSF, PMN showed a significant suppression of the oxidative burst following stimulation compared to stimulation without CSF. The reduction of the oxidative burst following stimulation was higher in the presence of CSF from patients with SAH. After pretreatment at 56 degrees C, the extent of the suppression observed following receptor-dependent stimulation and CSF from patients with SAH was similar to that seen after stimulation with CSF from healthy individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that the presence of CSF resulted in a suppression of neutrophil oxidative function. A more distinct depression was seen in the presence of CSF from patients with SAH. We suggest a complex physiological inhibitory and protective mechanism against unfavorable activation of PMN by CSF.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland. benedikt.trabold@klinik-uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Trabold
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rothoerl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wittmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Woertgen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fröhlich
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D002634:Chemotaxis, Leukocyte / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012016:Reference Values; D016897:Respiratory Burst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002556:Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; D005609:Free Radicals; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009240:N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate