title: Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity study of waste and purified water samples from electroplating industries prepared by use of ferrous sulfate and wood fly ash.
abstract: Toxicological safety of the new purification method for electroplating wastewaters (EWW) has been assessed. Method utilizes waste by-product ferrous sulfate and wood fly ash to scavenge heavy metals from EWW. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of all samples met the law requirements for safe depositing of waste into the environment. The toxicity study consisted of determination of frequency of bacterial and human cell lines survival and the Ames assay (plate incorporation assay and the preincubation assay). Unexpectedly, data obtained indicate cytotoxicity and slight mutagenic potential of purified water. Ames assay showed that combination of alkalis and heavy metals present in the water purified with original fly ash and eluates of fly and waste ash were metabolically activated and conjugated with glutathione, resulting in new metabolites active and toxic for the cell. In order to reduce this effect pretreatment of fly ash (partial removal of highly soluble compounds) are necessary prior to its usage for neutralization /coagulation/flocculation processes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Biology and Microbial Genetics, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Ksenija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Durgo
authors.forename: Tea
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Horvat
authors.forename: Visnja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Orescanin
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mikelić
authors.forename: Jasna Franekić
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Colić
authors.forename: Stipe
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lulić
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D060729:Coal Ash; D017523:Croatia; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008669:Metallurgy; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014934:Wood
chemical_list: D060729:Coal Ash; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D009153:Mutagens; D052638:Particulate Matter; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; C020748:ferrous sulfate; D002244:Carbon