title: Implicit and explicit attitudes toward smoking in a smoking and a nonsmoking setting.
abstract: To test whether global smoking attitudes may be a driving factor in smoking behavior, Experiment 1 assessed smoking associations with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Although smokers' attitudes (N=24) were less negative than those of nonsmokers (N=24), both displayed negative associations with smoking. To test whether these findings may be an artifact of measurement setting and/or the indirect measure that was used, Experiment 2 assessed attitudes in a smoking (N=20) or a nonsmoking setting (N=20) using the IAT and an Affective Simon Task. In both settings, negative attitudes emerged, suggesting that global (implicit) attitudes may be a moderating rather than a driving factor in smoking behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Developmental Psychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands. J.Huijding@PPSW.rug.nl
authors.forename: Jorg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huijding
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Reinout W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wiers
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Verkooijen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001244:Association; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011930:Reaction Time; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D012931:Social Environment