title: Premedication during micturating cystourethrogram to achieve sedation and anxiolysis.
abstract: Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) is an imaging technique indicated in the diagnosis and follow-up of many diseases. We investigated the reliability and the efficacy of midazolam and chloral hydrate in sedation and anxiolysis during micturating cystourethrogram. Fifty-three children of similar ages (39 girls, 14 boys, mean age of 5.8+/-3.5 years) were randomized to midazolam (n=17), chloral hydrate (n=18) and control groups (n=18). Oral midazolam 0.6 mg/kg or chloral hydrate 25 mg/kg or saline were administered to the study groups 15-30 min prior to the urinary catheterization. Brietkopf and Buttner, Frankl and Houpt scales and Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory and parent's impressions were used to assess the level of sedation and anxiety. The Brietkopf and Buttner classification of emotional status and Houpt behavior rating scale demonstrated a significantly better emotional status and sedation in the midazolam group when compared to controls (P=0.01 and P=0.018, respectively). The catheterization was described as a more unpleasant and distressing event by the parents of the control and the chloral hydrate groups when compared to the parents of the midazolam group (P<0.05). Bladder capacity and frequency of detection of residual urine were not statistically different between the three study groups (P>0.05). Vital signs did not change significantly in any child. Sedation with midazolam does not have adverse effects on the results of micturating cystourethrogram, while it reduces the discomfort in children undergoing this radiological technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Manisa, Turkey.
authors.forename: Ipek
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Akil
authors.forename: Mine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozkol
authors.forename: Ozge Yilmaz
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Ikizoglu
authors.forename: Muzaffer
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Polat
authors.forename: Ozum Yuksel
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Tuncyurek
authors.forename: Oryal
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Taskin
authors.forename: Hasan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yuksel
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011292:Premedication; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014567:Urography
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D008874:Midazolam