title: A preliminary study of interactive questioning methods to assess and improve understanding of informed consent among patients with schizophrenia.
abstract: Growing recognition of the inadequacy of traditional methods of providing informed consent, especially for individuals vulnerable to impaired decisional capacity, has spurred recent interest in how to assess and improve components of consent-related decision making. In this preliminary study, we aimed to compare different methods of interactive questioning during presentation of research consent information among patients with schizophrenia. Patients were randomized to receive either standard administration (SA) of a consent form or one of two interactive questioning methods: Corrective Feedback (CF), in which the correct answer was provided following the participant's response, or Errorless Learning (EL), in which correct answers were provided just prior to the question. The MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) was used to measure understanding, appreciation, reasoning, and expression of a choice following presentation of the consent form. There was no significant effect of condition (SA vs. EL vs. CF) on any of the components of decisional capacity. Understanding scores measured during the consent process were higher than those measured afterward, but the two scores were highly correlated. Thus, the results of this randomized study suggest that interactive questioning neither helped nor harmed understanding, appreciation, or reasoning among patients with schizophrenia. Other considerations, however, may favor use of such methods in the consenting process.
authors.affiliation: Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA. iteyler@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Lisa T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Eyler
authors.forename: Heline
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mirzakhanian
authors.forename: Dilip V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jeste
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology; D003657:Decision Making; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010343:Patient Admission; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires