title: Improvement of surface bioactivity on titanium by water and hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation.
abstract: We have investigated the surface bioactivity of titanium after water and hydrogen plasma immersion ion implantation. Plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) excels in the surface treatment of components possessing a complicated shape such as medical implants. In addition, water and hydrogen PIII has been extensively studied as a method to fabricate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrates in the semiconductor industry and so it is relatively straightforward to transfer the technology to the biomedical field. In our investigation, water and hydrogen were plasma-implanted into titanium sequentially. Our objective is that water PIII introduces near-surface damages that trap hydrogen implanted in the subsequent step to improve the surface bioactivity while the desirable bulk properties of the materials are not compromised. Ti-OH functional groups can be detected on the (H(2)O+H(2))-implanted titanium surface by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. After incubation in simulated body fluids (SBF) for cytocompatibililty evaluation in vitro, bone-like hydroxyapatite was found to precipitate on the (H(2)O+H(2)) implanted samples while no apatite was found on titanium samples plasma implanted with water or hydrogen alone. Human osteoblast cells were cultured on the (H(2)O+H(2))-implanted titanium surface and they exhibited good adhesion and growth. Our results suggest a practical means to improve the surface bioactivity and cytocompatibility of medical implants made of titanium.
authors.affiliation: Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, China.
authors.forename: Youtao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xuanyong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Anping
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chuanxian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Paul K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Chu
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D003460:Crystallization / Q000379:methods*; D005740:Gases / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000737:chemistry*; D007477:Ions; D008422:Materials Testing; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D010316:Particle Size; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D005740:Gases; D007477:Ions; D014867:Water; D006859:Hydrogen; D014025:Titanium