title: Sound localization and sensitivity to interaural cues in bilateral users of the Med-El Combi 40/40+cochlear implant system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate sound localization in subjects bilaterally implanted with MED-EL COMBI 40/40+ cochlear implants. In addition, the sensitivity to interaural cues was assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the localization test (11 subjects), CCITT noise (500 ms, original and HRTF-filtered, 70/75/80 dB sound pressure level) was presented from one of seven loudspeakers between -90 degrees and 90 degrees azimuth. The subject had to indicate which loudspeaker the noise was presented from. Sensitivity to interaural level differences (ILD) was assessed by performing localization tests (4 subjects) with the loudness of the two speech processors unbalanced to various degrees. To investigate the subjects' sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITD), lateralization was measured (7 subjects) as a function of the time difference between two Gaussian-like pulses, each directed to one of the subject's speech processor microphones by way of headphones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The judgments of all subjects significantly correlated with the positions of the loudspeakers. The scatter in the judged azimuth measured by the standard deviation of the responses was on average 27.5 degrees . Unbalanced loudness of the speech processors produced a bias in azimuth toward the speech processor with the louder volume setting. The mean rate of shift was 1.4 degrees per unit on the Wuerzburg loudness scale. Six of seven subjects showed a significant sensitivity to ITDs with the approximate time difference required for complete lateralization being 1,200 micros on an average. The one subject not showing a sensitivity to ITDs performed worst in the localization test.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bilateral cochlear implantation can restore spatial hearing in cochlear implant users. Both ILDs and ITDs are used by bilateral cochlear implant users in sound localization with ILDs appearing to be the dominant cue.
authors.affiliation: ENT Clinic, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany. schoen_f@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schoen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nopp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003054:Cochlear Implants; D003463:Cues; D004423:Ear / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D013017:Sound Localization