title: Survival and physiological responses of hatchling blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) to submergence in normoxic and hypoxic water under simulated winter conditions.
abstract: Overwintering habits of hatchling Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) are unknown. To determine whether these turtles are able to survive winter in aquatic habitats, we submerged hatchlings in normoxic (155 mmHg Po2) and hypoxic (6 mmHg Po2) water at 4 degrees C, recording survival times and measuring changes in key physiological variables. For comparison, we simultaneously studied hatchling softshell (Apalone spinifera) and snapping (Chelydra serpentina) turtles, which are known to overwinter in aquatic habitats. In normoxic water, C. serpentina and A. spinifera survived to the termination of the experiment (76 and 77 d, respectively). Approximately one-third of the E. blandingii died during 75 d of normoxic submergence, but the cause of mortality was unclear. In hypoxic water, average survival times were 6 d for A. spinifera, 13 d for E. blandingii, and 19 d for C. serpentina. Mortality during hypoxic submergence was probably caused by metabolic acidosis, which resulted from accumulated lactate. Unlike the case with adult turtles, our hatchlings did not increase plasma calcium and magnesium, nor did they sequester lactate within the shell. Our results suggest that hatchling E. blandingii are not particularly well suited to hibernation in hypoxic aquatic habitats.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Ecophysiological Cryobiology, Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA. dinkelsa@muohio.edu
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Dinkelacker
authors.forename: Jon P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Iverson
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000502:physiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D003080:Cold Temperature; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D009329:Nebraska; D012621:Seasons; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014426:Turtles / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium