title: Proinflammatory cytokines and myocardial viability in patients after acute myocardial infarction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) can potentiate heart muscle damage during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Whether changes in their plasma levels after AMI are dependent on the presence of myocardial viability is unclear. The aim of the study was to estimate the relation of time course of plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 and the presence of reversible and irreversible myocardial dysfunction in patients early after AMI treated thrombolytically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (54; mean age 60.4 +/- 11.7 years) with AMI plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 were evaluated on the 2nd, 10th and 30th day after thrombolysis. Based on the response of dysfunctional segments of myocardium during dobutamine stress echocardiography performed on the 10th day, patients were divided into four groups: A, sustained improvement in contractility; B, biphasic (improvement followed by worsening); C, only worsening; D, no change. Twenty-two healthy persons served as controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On the 2nd day, all four groups of patients demonstrated increased levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 and did not differ among one another regarding both cytokines. On the 10th day, plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 decreased in each group and were the lowest in group A, intermediate in group B and the highest in groups C and D. On the 30th day, both cytokines were not different among all studied groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 early after AMI decreased more quickly in patients with dysfunctional myocardium comprising not only necrotic but also viable segments. This decline is attenuated by the presence of residual ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Department, Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. kosmw@kard.am.wroc.pl
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kosmala
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Przewlocka-Kosmala
authors.forename: Walentyna
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mazurek
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D004280:Dobutamine