title: The bonding effectiveness of five luting resin cements to the IPS Empress 2 all ceramic system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Variolink II is the only resin cement used for bonding IPS (Ivoclar Porcelain System) Empress 2 ceramic restorations. Alternative luting resin cements need to be investigated for their bonding effectiveness with the IPS Empress 2 ceramic.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the shear bond strength (SBS) and the effect of thermocycling, on the bonding effectiveness, of five resin cements to IPS Empress 2 ceramic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The projecting surfaces of one hundred ceramic discs were ground wet on silicone carbide paper. The specimens were divided into 5 groups of 20. The resin cements were bonded to the prepared ceramic surfaces, in the form of a stub. The specimens were stored under distilled water at 37 degrees C in an oven for 24 hours. Ten specimens in each group were thermocycled for 300 cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. All the specimens were stressed to failure in an Instron Materials Testing Machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistically similar mean SBS values were grouped using the Bonferroni (Dunn) multiple comparison test. The means for the non-thermocycled group were: 26.21, 19.41, 17.69, 17.43, and 15.76. The means for the thermocycled group were: 22.90, 15.72, 14.34, 13.96 and 13.45. The differences between the means were highly significant (p < 0.0125).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The shear bond strength of Variolink II and Rely XARC to IPS Empress 2 ceramic was effective. Thermocycling had a significant effect on the mean SBS values of Calibra. Thermocycling had no significant effect on the mean SBS values of the other resin cements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa. definitesol@hotmail.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bookhan
authors.forename: A R M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Essop
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Du Preez
mesh_terms: D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003738:Dental Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000538:Aluminum Silicates; C433205:Calibra; D003188:Composite Resins; D003738:Dental Cements; D005899:Glass Ionomer Cements; C075815:IPS-Empress ceramic; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; C084550:Vitremer; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate