title: Are female patients with orofacial pain medically compromised?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic pain has been linked to various medical conditions. The authors assessed whether certain medical conditions are more prevalent in female patients with orofacial pain than in age-matched controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample consisted of 87 female adult subjects from a university-based orofacial pain center (OPC) and 87 age-matched female subjects from a university-based undergraduate dental clinic (UDC). Subjects were evaluated between February 2003 and July 2003, and they completed a standardized, 78-question medical history questionnaire as part of routine clinical protocol. Using the subjects' medical histories, the authors compared 11 major medical categories and 77 individual conditions for both groups. For statistical analyses, the authors used nonparametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z tests and chi2 tests and calculated odds ratios (ORs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The medical histories of subjects in the OPC group indicated a significantly greater number of medical conditions than did those of the subjects in the UDC group (Z = -4.411, P < .0001). Specifically, subjects in the OPC group reported having significantly more neurological (Z = -5.304, P < .0001), gastrointestinal (Z = -2.897, P = .004), pulmonary (Z = -2.298, P = .022), dermatologic (Z = -2.984, P = .003) and other conditions (Z = -2.885, P = .004) than did subjects in the UDC group. Subjects in the OPC group reported having 12 individual medical conditions significantly more often (P < .05, ORs ranged from 2.5 to 9.7) than did subjects in the UDC group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female patients with orofacial pain complaints appear to have more systemic problems than do female patients seeking routine dental care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of multiple medical conditions can influence orofacial pain management options and treatment outcomes. Patients with more medically complicated orofacial pain may require treatment on a multidisciplinary basis.
authors.affiliation: Orofacial Pain Center, University of Kentucky, College of Dentistry, Chandler Medical Center, Lexington 40536-0297, USA. rdele0@email.uky.edu
authors.forename: Reny
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Leeuw
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Klasser
authors.forename: Romulo J C
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Albuquerque
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004194:Disease; D004433:Earache / Q000150:complications; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000150:complications; D006261:Headache / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008875:Middle Aged; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D009437:Neuralgia / Q000150:complications; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000150:complications; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000150:complications; D013575:Syncope / Q000150:complications; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000150:complications