title: Early proliferation of CCR5(+) CD38(+++) antigen-specific CD4(+) Th1 effector cells during primary HIV-1 infection.
abstract: We investigated whether HIV-1 antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells expressed the viral coreceptor CCR5 during primary HIV-1 infection (PHI). In the peripheral blood of subjects with very early PHI (< 22 days after onset of symptoms), there was a 10- to 20-fold increase in the proportion of highly activated (CD38(+++)) and proliferating (Ki-67(+)) CD4(+) T cells that expressed CCR5(+), and were mostly T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1)(+) perforin(+) granzyme B(+). Inthe same patient samples, CD4(+) T cells producing interferon (IFN)-gamma in response to HIV group-specific antigen (Gag) peptides were readily detected (median, 0.58%) by intracellular cytokine assay-these cells were again predominantly CD38(+++), Ki-67(+), and TIA-(++), as well as Bcl-2(low). On average, 20% of the Gag-specific CD4(+) T cells also expressed interleukin-2 (IL-2) and were CD127 (IL-7R)(+). Taken together, these results suggest that Gag-specific T-helper 1 (Th1) effector cells express CCR5 during the primary response and may include precursors of long-term self-renewing memory cells. However, in PHI subjects with later presentation, antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells could not be readily detected (median, 0.08%), coinciding with a 5-fold lower level of the CCR5(+)CD38(+++) CD4(+) T cells. These results suggest that the antiviral response to HIV-1 infection includes highly activated CCR5(+)CD4(+) cytotoxic effector cells, which are susceptible to both apoptosis and cytopathic infection with HIV-1, and rapidly decline.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Immunology, St Vincent's Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010 Australia. j.zaunders@cfi.unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: John J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zaunders
authors.forename: Mee Ling
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Munier
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Kaufmann
authors.forename: Susanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ip
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grey
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ramacciotti
authors.forename: Dick
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Finlayson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaldor
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Kelleher
mesh_terms: D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010641:Phenotype; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D036541:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; C498154:CD38 protein, human; D051997:ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1