title: Discontinuation symptoms in users of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in clinical practice: tapering versus abrupt discontinuation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Tapering of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy, as opposed to abrupt discontinuation, has been recommended by several guidelines and in the literature in order to diminish the occurrence of discontinuation symptoms. However, the evidence of a favourable effect of tapering is limited, and it is unclear how patients ought to discontinue SSRIs in daily life. The aim of this study was to examine the way in which patients discontinue SSRI therapy in clinical practice and to compare the effect of tapering with that of abrupt discontinuation on the occurrence of discontinuation symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 74) who recently discontinued SSRI therapy completed a questionnaire containing questions about discontinuation symptoms (DESS events), the prescribed SSRI, reasons for discontinuation, way of discontinuation, knowledge of discontinuation symptoms, impact on daily life and patient counseling and education. The number of DESS events was compared among groups (abrupt discontinuation versus tapering; age; male versus female; paroxetine versus other SSRIs; knowledge of discontinuation symptoms at start of therapy versus lack of knowledge).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 66 patients were eligible for analysis. Of all patients ending SSRI therapy, 21% abruptly discontinued therapy. There was a significant difference in the number of DESS events between abrupt discontinuation and tapering of SSRI therapy (12.0 versus 5.9). There was also a tendency for an adverse effect of lack of knowledge of discontinuation symptoms at the start of therapy on the number of DESS events (8.9 versus 5.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One in five patients abruptly discontinued their SSRI therapy in clinical practice. Abrupt discontinuation caused a larger increase in the number of discontinuation symptoms than tapering. We therefore advise tapering SSRI therapy in clinical practice to prevent unnecessary adverse effects of discontinuation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E C G
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: van Geffen
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hugtenburg
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Heerdink
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: van Hulten
authors.forename: A C G
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Egberts
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015283:Citalopram / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003863:Depression / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D017374:Paroxetine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011788:Quality of Life; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015283:Citalopram; D005473:Fluoxetine; D017374:Paroxetine; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors