title: Subconjunctival carboplatin in fibrin sealant in the treatment of transgenic murine retinoblastoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of subconjunctival carboplatin in fibrin sealant in the treatment of transgenic murine retinoblastoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental study using LHbeta-Tag transgenic mice in a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-three 10-week-old LHbeta-Tag transgenic mice: 22 carboplatin-treated animals and 11 control animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of 11 mice were treated with a single, 30 microl injection of fibrin sealant in the subconjunctival space of 1 eye; the opposite eye was left untreated as an internal control. Group 1 (low-dose group) received 37.5 mg/ml calculated concentration of carboplatin in fibrin sealant (0.66 mg measured total dose). Group 2 (high-dose group) received 75 mg/ml calculated concentration of carboplatin in fibrin sealant (1.23 mg measured total dose). Group 3 (control group) received fibrin sealant only. Mice were killed on day 22 after treatment. Eyes were serially sectioned, and retinal tumor burden was quantified by histopathologic analysis. For statistical analysis of treatment effects, eyes were divided into 6 groups: low-dose group, sealant-treated eyes; low-dose group, untreated eyes; high-dose group, sealant-treated eyes; high-dose group, untreated eyes; control group, sealant-treated eyes; and control group, untreated eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Main outcome measure was mean tumor burden per level per eye in each experimental group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The best therapeutic results were obtained in eyes treated with low-dose carboplatin in fibrin sealant, where no histopathologic evidence of toxicity was observed, and 6 of 11 eyes had zero tumor burden. Tumor burden in the remaining 5 eyes in this group was minimal (4 eyes) or moderate (1 eye) compared with mean control values. Mean tumor burden in this group was significantly smaller than mean tumor burden in untreated eyes from the same mice (P<0.004), sealant-treated eyes in the control group (P<0.004), and untreated eyes in the control group (P<0.002). Although a similar reduction in mean tumor burden was observed in eyes treated with high-dose carboplatin in fibrin sealant, 5 of 10 eyes analyzed in this group also demonstrated histopathologic evidence of severe toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subconjunctival carboplatin in fibrin sealant is effective in the treatment of transgenic murine retinoblastoma. A single injection of low-dose carboplatin in fibrin sealant was sufficient to induce complete or near-complete intraocular tumor regression in 10 of 11 eyes (91%), with no associated histologic evidence of toxicity. These results suggest that subconjunctival carboplatin in fibrin sealant provides sustained release and could have clinical use in the treatment of intraocular retinoblastoma.
authors.affiliation: Ocular Oncology Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA.
authors.forename: Kurtis R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Van Quill
authors.forename: Phyllis K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Dioguardi
authors.forename: Candice T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Jake A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Aaberg
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
authors.forename: Henry F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Edelhauser
authors.forename: Joan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming / Q000235:genetics; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003228:Conjunctiva; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D007267:Injections; D037101:Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000952:Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D037101:Luteinizing Hormone, beta Subunit; D016190:Carboplatin