title: Evaluation of reference genes for studies of gene expression in human adipose tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate reference genes for expression studies of human adipose tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 52 human adipose tissue expression profiles (HU95), 10 putative reference genes with the lowest variation in expression levels were selected for further studies. Expression stability of these 10 novel and 5 previously established reference genes was evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. For this purpose, 44 adipose tissue biopsies from 27 subjects were chosen to include a wide range of parameters such as sex, age, BMI, depot origin, biopsy procedure, and effects of nutrition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LRP10 was identified as the gene with the least variation in expression levels. The frequently used reference genes RPLP0, 18S rRNA, PPIA, ACTB, and GAPD were ranked as 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that LRP10 is a better choice as reference for expression studies of human adipose tissue compared with the most frequently used reference genes.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Gröna Stråket 8, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden. britt.gabrielsson@medic.gu.se
authors.forename: Britt G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gabrielsson
authors.forename: Louise E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sjögren
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jernås
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elander
authors.forename: Malin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lönn
authors.forename: Mats
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rudemo
authors.forename: Lena M S
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Carlsson
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D026502:LDL-Receptor Related Proteins; C510813:LRP10 protein, human; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D011973:Receptors, LDL; C102582:SORL1 protein, human