title: Screening for obstructive sleep apnea in stroke patients: a cost-effectiveness analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common after acute ischemic stroke and predicts poor stroke recovery, but whether screening for OSA and treatment by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) improves neurological outcome is unknown. We used a cost-effectiveness model to estimate the magnitude of benefit that would be necessary to make polysomnography (PSG) and OSA treatment cost-effective in stroke patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision tree modeled 2 alternative strategies: PSG followed by 3 months of CPAP for those found to have OSA versus no screening. The primary outcome was the utility gained through OSA screening and treatment in relation to 2 common willingness-to-pay thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $49,421 per QALY. Screening is cost-effective as long as the treatment of stroke patients with OSA by CPAP improves patient utilities by >0.2 for a willingness-to-pay of $50,000 per QALY and 0.1 for a willingness-to-pay of $100,000 per QALY.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinical trial assessing the effectiveness of CPAP in improving stroke outcome is warranted from a cost-effectiveness standpoint.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. devinb@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Devin L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Ronald D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Chervin
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hickenbottom
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Langa
authors.forename: Lewis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Morgenstern
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000191:economics; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome