title: Navigator-gated three-dimensional MR angiography of the pulmonary arteries using steady-state free precession.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the quality of a navigator-gated, free breathing, steady-state free precession (SSFP) technique in comparison to a single breathhold for pulmonary artery imaging in normal volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sagittal sections of the left pulmonary arteries of 10 volunteers were obtained with a three-dimensional SSFP sequence using both a single breathhold of 30 seconds and a navigator-gated version of the same sequence. The images were compared and rated by a blinded cardiovascular radiologist for image quality, sharpness, and artifact.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a scale ranging from -2 to 2, in which positive numbers denote that the navigator method was favorable compared to the single breathhold method, image quality was rated 0.7+/-1.4, sharpness 0.6+/-1.5, and artifact 0.1+/-1.4. Thus, there was no statistical difference between the two methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The navigator-gated SSFP sequence is able to acquire images equal in quality to the breathhold sequence. This may be of clinical importance for pulmonary imaging in patients who are unable to sustain a long breathhold.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Noga
authors.forename: Kenman D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Gan
authors.forename: Alan H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Wilman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016477:Artifacts; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology*