title: Nicotine replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease.
abstract: Smoking is a well-established and important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Cessation of smoking clearly decreases the chances of a first or subsequent cardiovascular event. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a proven adJunctive therapy to increase the probability of quitting smoking. Anecdotal reports of adverse events in patients using NRT have led some to question its safety. Is nicotine, whether in tobacco products or in NRT, the cause of the cardiovascular consequences associated with tobacco use? Is using NRT to assist with smoking cessation safer than smoking? Should health care professionals avoid recommending NRT for patients with established cardiovascular disease? This article summarizes the mechanisms of harm associated with smoking and reviews the safety of NRT in both the general population and the population with cardiovascular disease. Recommendations for NRT use are offered.
authors.affiliation: Subsection of Vascular Medicine, Gundersen Lutheran Medical Center, La Crosse, Wis 54601, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Zlabek
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D018722:Nicotinic Agonists