Periodontal healing in one-wall intra-bony defects in dogs following implantation of autogenous bone or a coral-derived biomaterial.
OBJECTIVE
Autogenous bone grafts and bone biomaterials are being used as part of protocols aiming at reconstruction of periodontal defects. There is a limited biologic information on the effect of such materials on periodontal healing, in particular aberrant healing events that may prevent their general use. The objective of this study was, using histological techniques, to evaluate periodontal healing with focus on root resorption and ankylosis following implantation of autogenous bone and a coral-derived biomaterial into intra-bony defects in dogs.


METHODS
One-wall intra-bony periodontal defects were surgically created at the distal aspect of the second and the mesial aspect of the fourth mandibular premolars in either right or left jaw quadrants in four Beagle dogs. Each animal received particulated autogenous bone and the resorbable calcium carbonate biomaterial into discrete one-wall intra-bony defects. The mucoperiosteal flaps were positioned and sutured to their pre-surgery position. The animals were euthanized 8 weeks post-surgery when block sections of the defect sites were collected and prepared for qualitative histological analysis.


RESULTS
There were no significant differences in periodontal healing between sites receiving autograft bone and the coral-derived biomaterial. A well-organized periodontal ligament bridging new bone and cementum regeneration was observed extending coronal to a notch prepared to delineate the apical extent of the defect. Osteoid and bone with enclosed osteocytes were formed onto the surface of both autograft and coral particles. Although small resorption pits were evident in most teeth, importantly none of the biomaterials provoked marked root resorption. Ankylosis was not observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Particulated autogenous bone and the coral-derived biomaterial may be implanted into periodontal defects without significant healing aberrations such as root resorption and ankylosis. The histopathological evaluation suggests that the autogenous bone graft has a limited osteogenic potential as demonstrated in this study model.
Kim
Chang-Sung
CS
Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Choi
Seong-Ho
SH
Cho
Kyoo-Sung
KS
Chai
Jung-Kiu
JK
Wikesjö
Ulf M E
UM
Kim
Chong-Kwan
CK
D000818:Animals; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000209:etiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004285:Dogs; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D012391:Root Resorption / Q000209:etiology
D018786:Bone Substitutes; D002119:Calcium Carbonate