title: EULAR report on the use of ultrasonography in painful knee osteoarthritis. Part 1: prevalence of inflammation in osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of inflammation in subjects with chronic painful knee osteoarthritis (OA), as determined by the presence of synovitis or joint effusion at ultrasonography (US); and to evaluate the correlation between synovitis, effusion, and clinical parameters.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross sectional, multicentre, European study was conducted under the umbrella of EULAR-ESCISIT.
  
  
  METHODS
  had primary chronic knee OA (ACR criteria) with pain during physical activity >or=30 mm for at least 48 hours. Clinical parameters were collected by a rheumatologist and an US examination of the painful knee was performed by a radiologist or rheumatologist within 72 hours of the clinical examination. Ultrasonographic synovitis was defined as synovial thickness >or=4 mm and diffuse or nodular appearance, and a joint effusion was defined as effusion depth >or=4 mm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  600 patients with painful knee OA were analysed. At US 16 (2.7%) had synovitis alone, 85 (14.2%) had both synovitis and effusion, 177 (29.5%) had joint effusion alone, and 322 (53.7%) had no inflammation according to the definitions employed. Multivariate analysis showed that inflammation seen by US correlated statistically with advanced radiographic disease (Kellgren-Lawrence grade >or=3; odds ratio (OR)=2.20 and 1.91 for synovitis and joint effusion, respectively), and with clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of an inflammatory "flare", such as joint effusion on clinical examination (OR=1.97 and 2.70 for synovitis and joint effusion, respectively) or sudden aggravation of knee pain (OR=1.77 for joint effusion).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  US can detect synovial inflammation and effusion in painful knee OA, which correlate significantly with knee synovitis, effusion, and clinical parameters suggestive of an inflammatory "flare".
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: D'Agostino
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conaghan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Bars
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grassi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martin-Mola
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wakefield
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Brasseur
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: So
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Backhaus
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Malaise
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burmester
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schmidely
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ravaud
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Emery
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005122:Exudates and Transudates / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013585:Synovitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D014463:Ultrasonography