title: Treatment options following single-rooted tooth removal: a literature review and proposed hierarchy of treatment selection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alveolar bone changes following tooth extraction have been well documented and have given rise to a number of treatment approaches. Included in these approaches are placement of various grafting materials, immediate implant placement, and a combination of both.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of all pertinent literature discussing regenerative therapy at the time of tooth extraction or immediate implant placement with or without concomitant regenerative therapy was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A clinically-based hierarchy of treatment selection following extraction of single rooted teeth is proposed, based upon the available literature and clinical experience. The role of patient phenotype is considered.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Utilization of the proposed hierarchy of treatment selection affords a logical framework within which to predictably treat a variety of patients.
authors.affiliation: Private practice, Milton, MA 02186, USA. progressiveperio@aol.com
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Fugazzotto
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001861:Bone Regeneration; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods; D015921:Dental Implants; D006801:Humans; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D013997:Time Factors; D014081:Tooth Extraction / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants