title: The sinus lift with phycogenic bone substitute. A histomorphometric study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this histomorphometric prospective study was to ascertain the efficacy of phycogenic bone substitute in an augmented sinus. The process of graft healing, bone remodeling, and biomaterial replacement was examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  The phycogenic material (fluorohydroxyapatite) made from calcium-encrusted sea algae was used for the sinus lifts. Twenty-four procedures were carried out (one-stage and two-stage equally) and 45 titanium stepped-screw implants were placed. The patients were followed for 12-23 months. In intervals of 6, 9, 12, or 15 months after the sinus lift, 24 graft specimens were taken with a trephine bur. These specimens were examined histomorphometrically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The grafting material was gradually resorbed and replaced by newly formed bone. Between the sixth and 15th month after the sinus lift, the percentage of newly formed bone grew linearly (from 15.5+/-9.6% to 40.8+/-15.3%) and the percentage of bone substitute decreased linearly (from 34.5+/-8.6% to 13+/-9.6%). After 15 months, the density of trabeculae in grafted bone corresponded to cancellous bone of good quality; however, the bone substitute was not completely resorbed during this period. No significant difference between the quality of the newly formed bone in the cases of the one- and two-stage sinus lifts was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sinus lift carried out with phycogenic bone substitute was shown to be an effective method with limited invasiveness and a high survival rate of implants (97.8%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, 500-05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. simunek_antonin@email.cz
authors.forename: Antonin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simunek
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cierny
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kopecka
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kohout
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bukac
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vahalova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D003757:Dental Implantation; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006882:Hydroxyapatites / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D015921:Dental Implants; D006882:Hydroxyapatites; C116586:fluorohydroxyapatite