title: Pigment epithelium-derived factor induces pro-survival genes through cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein and nuclear factor kappa B activation in rat cultured cerebellar granule cells: Implication for its neuroprotective effect.
abstract: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protects immature cerebellar granule cell neurons (CGCs) against apoptosis induced by K+ and serum deprivation. However, the precise mechanism of this protection remains unknown. We recently reported that the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) is activated in PEDF-treated CGCs. Although it is well known that NF-kappaB blocks apoptotic cell death through the induction of pro-survival factors, the effects of PEDF on the expression of these factors are not fully understood. In this study, we employed the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction to analyze the gene expression of certain pro-survival genes and found that genes such as c-IAP1, c-IAP2, FLIPs, A1/Bfl-1 and Mn-SOD were induced in PEDF-treated neurons. On the other hand, no induction was observed of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bid at any time from 3 to 24 h following PEDF addition. Furthermore, phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and increment of nuclear cyclic AMP-response element (CRE)-like DNA binding were observed in PEDF-treated CGCs. The anti-apoptotic effect of PEDF was blocked by overexpression of dominant negative CREB or a mutated form of IkappaBalpha. These results suggested that induction of both CRE- and NF-kappaB-dependent genes is required for the observed neuroprotective effects of PEDF on CGCs.
authors.affiliation: Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1, Shirokane, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. tyabe@lisci.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yabe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sanagi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000166:cytology*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D005136:Eye Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D015843:Serpins; D000099174:Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor