title: Gait disturbances in patients with schizophrenia and adaptation to treadmill walking.
abstract: This study evaluated the gait patterns of schizophrenic patients at free gait and at three fixed velocities on a treadmill. The effects of illness and antipsychotic treatment on gait parameters and on adaptation to treadmill walking were compared. Gait parameters of 14 drug-naive schizophrenic patients, 14 patients treated with conventional antipsychotics, 14 patients treated with olanzapine, as well as 14 matched controls were assessed on a walkway and on a treadmill at three different velocities (very slow, intermediately slow, and comfortable) using an ultrasonic movement analysis system. At free gait, all patients showed a significantly decreased gait velocity, predominantly due to a shorter stride length, when compared to the controls, with the most striking difference observed between the patients treated with conventional neuroleptics and the controls (ANOVA, P < or = 0.001). Cadence (steps per second) did not differ between the investigated groups. When gait was evaluated on the treadmill, differences in stride length and cadence were significant only at the very slow treadmill velocity (ANOVA, P < or = 0.05). In all patient groups, mean stride length was decreased and cadence compensationally increased. Significant differences between the patient groups were no longer detectable. With increasing treadmill velocities, gait parameters of all patient groups normalized. The results show that, like in patients with Parkinson's Disease, impaired gait parameters can also be normalized in schizophrenic patients by external stimulation via treadmill walking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. albert.putzhammer@medbo.de
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Putzhammer
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perfahl
authors.forename: Liane
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pfeiff
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hajak
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents