title: The investigation of the changing facial appearance of identical twins employing a three-dimensional laser imaging system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An investigation to determine the changing facial appearance of identical twins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two Minolta Vivid 900 3D optical laser scanners were placed as a stereo pair to capture the soft tissues of a pair of identical twins. Each scan took approximately 2.5 s. The scanned whole faces were superimposed to determine changes in facial morphologies at different time intervals.
  
  
  METHODS
  The shell deviations between left and right scans of each patient were recorded and analysed for differences. Furthermore, final merged faces were overlaid to determine the changes in facial morphology over time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that changes in height and weight correlated with changes in facial morphology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D laser scanning device is a clinically useful tool in the study of facial growth and facial morphology in a pair of twins.
authors.affiliation: Dental Health and Biological Sciences, Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK. kauc@cardiff.ac.uk
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zhurov
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bibb
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Richmond
mesh_terms: D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000254:growth & development; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008445:Maxillofacial Development / Q000502:physiology*; D015903:Moire Topography / Q000379:methods; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000502:physiology