title: Cytokine production in thromboangiitis obliterans patients: new evidence for an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 levels and circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing IgG, IgM or IgA in sera of 14 TAO patients and 12 healthy blood donors. To evaluates the ability of TAO PBMC to produce IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, as well as to detect PBMC apoptosis after stimulation with different stimuli.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro stimulation of PBMC with lypopolysaccharide (LPS), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), C3 binding glycoprotein from uscuta europea (C3bgp), pokeweed mitogen (PWM), and dexamethasone (DM) were performed. The quantities of the secreted cytokines in sera and in culture supernatants, as well as CIC were detected by ELISA. The apoptosis was assessed according to nuclear morphology, after acridine orange staining, by fluorescence microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly higher IL-6 levels in the patients', than in the controls' sera was found. An increased production of IL-6 and IL-12 in TAO PBMC supernatants was detected, regardless of the stimuli used. A hyporeactivity of TAO PBMC toward IL-10 production was found after C3bgp, LPS, PHA and PWM stimulation, compared to the controls' PBMC. The spontaneous and induced apoptosis was significantly higher in TAO compared to the control group. Increased CIC quantities were detected in 75% of the patients tested. According to the CIC isotype, the IgG CIC positives (75%) prevailed over IgA CIC positives (50 %).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The altered production of IL-6, IL-12 and IL-10, the increased apoptosis as well as the elevated levels of CIC could be a reason for the persisting immune inflammation in TAO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Thracian University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. e_slav67@mf.uni-sz.bg
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Slavov
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stanilova
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Petkov
authors.forename: Z G
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Dobreva
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000097:blood*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000737:chemistry; D034182:Cuscuta / Q000737:chemistry; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D013919:Thromboangiitis Obliterans / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007378:Interleukins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D003907:Dexamethasone