Improved accuracy and consistency in T1 measurement of flowing blood by using inversion recovery GE-EPI.
Problems associated with techniques currently used to measure the T1 of flowing blood are evaluated and a method to improve the consistency and repeatability of measurements is presented. Similar to some currently used techniques, the pulse sequence employs a nonselective adiabatic inversion pulse followed by a series of ECG-gated gradient echo EPI (echo planar imaging) images to obtain images where the blood (fluid) signal exhibits a T1-dependent inversion recovery signal from which the spin lattice relaxation constant (T1) of the flowing fluid can be measured. The new method combines curve fitting with a measure of the curve null point to acquire more accurate and consistent T1 values. Simulation and experimental results show that this combined fitting-nulling method is more stable and consistent in measuring the T1 of flowing fluid. The feasibility of temperature measurement of a flowing fluid based on the temperature dependence of the T1 of water protons is shown in this paper. ECG gating is used to reduce the effects of cyclic intensity changes for measurement of T1 in pulsatile flowing blood.
Guo
Jun-Yu
JY
Department of Physics and the Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA. jguo@ucair.med.utah.edu
Kim
Seong-Eun
SE
Parker
D L
DL
Jeong
E K
EK
Zhang
Ling
L
Roemer
R B
RB
D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors