title: Cutting down substance abuse--present state and visions among surgeons and nurses.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although substance abuse is variably common among surgical patients, detection of the problem and brief interventions are seldom undertaken. The aim of the present study was to assess surgeons' and nurses' activity in screening substance abuse among their patients and obstacles concerning intervention of patients with substance abuse.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgeons and nurses of The Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital were asked to predict if the surgical patients treated during a 24-h period (n=211) had a substance abuse disorder. This was compared to the patients' self-reports based on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and questions about use of other substances. The surgeons and the nurses were also asked to complete a questionnaire related to interventions of patients with substance abuse; perceived knowledge, skills, attitudes and obstacles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the surgical patients, 47 (22%) proved to be substance abusers. Out of them, 23% were detected by surgeons and nurses. Of the surgeons (n=44) 83% and of the nurses (n=332) 84% perceived responsibility for intervention but claimed many obstacles. Nurses reported the lack of knowledge as the main obstacle. Of the nurses 18% reported enough knowledge to conduct the whole brief intervention compared to 34% of surgeons (p=0.021). The main obstacle reported by surgeons was the lack of time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons and nurses detect only minority of the substance abusing surgical patients. Lack of knowledge and time prevent intervening in patients' substance abuse. These results may be utilized when developing a program to better involve surgeons and nurses in detection and intervention of surgical patients' substance abuse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tampere University Hospital, Finland. ritta.lappalainen-lehto@pshp.fi
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lappalainen-Lehto
authors.forename: Kaija
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seppä
authors.forename: Isto
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nordback
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology; D012647:Self-Assessment; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control