title: Comparison of rilmenidine and lisinopril on ambulatory blood pressure and plasma lipid and glucose levels in hypertensive women with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In previous studies, the I1 imidazoline specific agonist rilmenidine effectively lowered office blood pressure (BP) in patients with metabolic syndrome, improved glucose metabolism and did not demonstrate unfavourable effects on plasma lipids. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12weeks therapy with rilmenidine compared with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril on ambulatory BP, plasma lipid and fasting glucose levels in women with metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomised open-label, blinded end-points study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female patients (n = 51) with hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome were treated with 1 mg rilmenidine (n = 24) or 10 mg lisinopril (n = 27), once- or twice-daily. Anthropometric measurements, office BP and heart rate (HR) measurements, ambulatory BP monitoring, lipid and fasting glucose assessment were performed before and after 12weeks of treatment
  
  
  METHODS
  Changes in ambulatory BP and HR, including 24-h, daytime and night-time values, and in lipids and glucose levels. All changes were adjusted for baseline values using the analysis of covariance method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ambulatory 24-h systolic BP and diastolic BP were decreased significantly in the rilmenidine group (-11.9 +/- 1.9 and -7.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg, p < 0.001) respectively and the lisinopril group (-11.0 +/- 1.8 and -6.7 +/- 0.7 mm Hg respectively, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the two groups. Rilmenidine reduced 24-h ambulatory HR (-3.6 +/- 0.8 bpm versus 0.3 +/- 0.8 bpm with lisinopril; p = 0.002). The reductions of day-time and night-time BP were also significant for both treatment groups, but the rilmenidine group demonstrated a greater decrease in night-time diastolic BP (p = 0.046). Rilmenidine significantly increased HDL cholesterol and decreased fasting glucose levels (p = 0.009 and p = 0.012, respectively). HDL cholesterol tended to increase and fasting glucose tended to decrease in the lisinopril group. However, differences between groups were not significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rilmenidine has similar effects on ambulatory BP patterns in hypertensive women with metabolic syndrome as lisinopril. Rilmenidine compared with lisinopril significantly reduces ambulatory HR. In this study, rilmenidine and lisinopril demonstrate similar effects on plasma lipid and fasting glucose levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Faculty Therapy, Russian State Medical University, Moscow, Russia. dmitrii.anichkov@mtu-net.ru
authors.forename: Dmitrii A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Anichkov
authors.forename: Nadezhda A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Shostak
authors.forename: Olga V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Schastnaya
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017706:Lisinopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000077769:Rilmenidine; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D010080:Oxazoles; D017706:Lisinopril; D000077769:Rilmenidine