title: Respiratory syncytial virus infection of human lung endothelial cells enhances selectively intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression.
abstract: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is worldwide the most frequent cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants requiring hospitalization. In the present study, we supply evidence that human lung microvascular endothelial cells, human pulmonary lung aorta endothelial cells, and HUVEC are target cells for productive RSV infection. All three RSV-infected endothelial cell types showed an enhanced cell surface expression of ICAM-1 (CD54), which increased in a time- and RSV-dose-dependent manner. By using noninfectious RSV particles we verified that replication of RSV is a prerequisite for the increase of ICAM-1 cell surface expression. The up-regulated ICAM-1 expression pattern correlated with an increased cellular ICAM-1 mRNA amount. In contrast to ICAM-1, a de novo expression of VCAM-1 (CD106) was only observed on RSV-infected HUVEC. Neither P-selectin (CD62P) nor E-selectin (CD62E) was up-regulated by RSV on human endothelial cells. Additional experiments performed with neutralizing Abs specific for IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, respectively, excluded an autocrine mechanism responsible for the observed ICAM-1 up-regulation. The virus-induced ICAM-1 up-regulation was dependent on protein kinase C and A, PI3K, and p38 MAPK activity. Adhesion experiments using polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) verified an increased ICAM-1-dependent adhesion rate of PMN cocultured with RSV-infected endothelial cells. Furthermore, the increased adhesiveness resulted in an enhanced transmigration rate of PMN. Our in vitro data suggest that human lung endothelial cells are target cells for RSV infection and that ICAM-1 up-regulated on RSV-infected endothelial cells might contribute to the enhanced accumulation of PMN into the bronchoalveolar space.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medical Microbiology, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany. ralf.arnold@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: König
mesh_terms: D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000276:immunology; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000276:immunology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012136:Respiratory Syncytial Viruses / Q000276:immunology*; D020298:U937 Cells; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014779:Virus Replication; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases