title: In vitro release of diclofenac diethylamine from caprylocaproyl macrogolglycerides based microemulsions.
abstract: The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of both formulation parameters and vehicle structure on in vitro release rate of amphiphilic drug diclofenac diethylamine (DDA) from microemulsion vehicles containing PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides (surfactant), polyglyceryl-6 dioleate (cosurfactant), isopropyl myristate and water. From the constructed pseudo-ternary phase diagram at surfactant-cosurfactant mass ratio (K(m) 1:1), the optimum oil-to-surfactant-cosurfactant mass ratio values (O/SC 0.67-1.64) for formulation of microemulsions with similar concentrations of hydrophilic, lipophilic and amphiphilic phases (balanced microemulsions) were found. The results of characterization experiments indicated bicontinuous or nonspherical water-continuous internal structure of the selected microemulsion vehicles. Low water/isopropyl myristate apparent partition coefficient for DDA as well as elevated electrical conductivity and apparent viscosity values for the investigated microemulsion formulations containing 1.16% (w/w) of DDA, suggested that the drug molecules was predominantly partitioned in the water phase and most likely selfaggregate and interact with interfacial film. Release of DDA from the selected water-continuous (W/O), oil-continuous (O/W) and balanced microemulsions was investigated using rotating paddle dissolution apparatus modified by addition of enhancer cell. A linear diffusion of DDA through regenerated cellulose membrane was observed for the W/O and O/W formulations with the low content of dispersed phase. Non-linearity of the drug release profile in the case of bicontinuous formulations was related to the more complex distribution of DDA including interactions between the drug and vehicle. The membrane flux value increases from 25.02 microgcm(-2)h(-1) (W/O microemulsion) to 117.94 microgcm(-2)h(-1) (O/W microemulsion) as the water phase concentration increases. Moreover, the obtained flux values for balanced microemulsions (29.38-63.70 microgcm(-2)h(-1)) suggested that bicontinuous microstructure hampers the release of the amphiphilic drug.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, P.O. Box 146, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro. girasole@ptt.yu
authors.forename: Ljiljana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Primorac
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stupar
mesh_terms: D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004048:Diethylamines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004655:Emulsions; D005989:Glycerides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances
chemical_list: D004048:Diethylamines; D004655:Emulsions; D005989:Glycerides; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D004008:Diclofenac; C034281:diethylamine