title: Nurse turnover: a literature review.
abstract: Ongoing instability in the nursing workforce is raising questions globally about the issue of nurse turnover. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to examine the current state of knowledge about the scope of the nurse turnover problem, definitions of turnover, factors considered to be determinants of nurse turnover, turnover costs and the impact of turnover on patient, and nurse and system outcomes. Much of the research to date has focused on turnover determinants, and recent studies have provided cost estimations at the organizational level. Further research is needed to examine the impact of turnover on health system cost, and how nurse turnover influences patient and nurse outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada. laureen.hayes@utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Laureen J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: O'Brien-Pallas
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duffield
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shamian
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buchan
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Heather K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Spence Laschinger
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: North
authors.forename: Patricia W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Stone
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007588:Job Satisfaction; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D010559:Personnel Management; D010563:Personnel Turnover / Q000191:economics; D011787:Quality of Health Care