title: Identification of mildly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (electronegative LDL) and its auto-antibodies IgG in children and adolescents hypercholesterolemic offsprings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative modification of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) is an essential step in atherogenesis, generating minimally oxidized LDL, also called electronegative LDL [LDL(-)], which has chemotactic, cytotoxic and immunogenic properties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum LDL(-) and anti-LDL(-) auto-antibodies (IgG) were evaluated in 28 children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) antecedents, with or without early coronary artery disease in first-degree relatives (eCAD), hypercholesterolemic (hc) or normocholesterolemic (nc) versus a control group of normocholesterolemic children without pathologic antecedents (C). ELISA method was used for detection of LDL(-) and anti-LDL(-) IgG. LDL(-) serum levels did not differ among the four groups (FH-eCAD-hc 41.4 +/- 24.9 microg/dl; FH-hc 38.3 +/- 11.2 microg/dl; FH-nc 47.3 +/- 17.0 microg/dl and C 44.2 +/- 28.8 microg/dl, p = 0.659). However, IgG anti-LDL(-) auto-antibodies were significantly higher in the control group in comparison to the FH groups with or without eCAD, independent of hypercholesterolemia or normocholesterolemia (FH-eCAD-hc 0.825 +/- 0.289 microg/dl; FH-hc 0.667 +/- 0.307 microg/dl; FH-nc 0.763 +/- 0.204 microg/dl and C 1.105 +/- 0.233 microg/dl, p = 0.006). When the auto-antibodies of groups with FH, with or without eCAD and with or without hypercholesterolemia were compared, no differences were found (p = 0.509).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that FH and/or eCAD children and adolescents have lower titers of auto-antibodies anti-LDL(-) than children from normal families, independent of serum LDL-cholesterol or serum LDL(-).
authors.affiliation: Dyslipidemias Section, Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, Av. Sabiá 667, Ap. 141, Moema, São Paulo, SP 04515-000, Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Roberto Andrade Costa
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Barros
authors.forename: Marcelo Chiara
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Bertolami
authors.forename: Dulcinéia Saes Parra
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Abdalla
authors.forename: Waldinai Pereira
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003124:Colorimetry; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000888:Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; D015415:Biomarkers; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein