title: An ancient role for a prokineticin domain in invertebrate hematopoiesis.
abstract: Hemopoietic development requires firm control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Although recent research has revealed conserved function of transcription factors and signaling pathways regulating lineage commitment in hemopoietic development in Drosophila melanogaster and vertebrates, little is known about hemopoietic cytokines among the invertebrate phyla. In the present study, we show that differentiation and growth of hemopoietic stem cells in vitro from an invertebrate, Pacifastacus leniusculus, require an endogenous cytokine-like factor, astakine, containing a prokineticin (PK) domain. Astakine induces a strong hematopoiesis response in live animals. An astakine homologue was also found in the shrimp, Penaeus monodon. So far, PK domains are only identified in vertebrates, in which they, for example, direct angiogenic growth. Our finding of the first PK-like cytokine characterized from any invertebrate provides novel information concerning the evolution of growth factors and blood cell development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Comparative Physiology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Irene.Soderhall@ebc.uu.se
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Söderhäll
authors.forename: Young-A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Pikul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jiravanichpaisal
authors.forename: So-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Söderhäll
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003400:Astacoidea; D001483:Base Sequence; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000378:metabolism; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D006434:Hemocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D033561:Penaeidae; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein; D042662:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D042662:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endocrine-Gland-Derived; C501708:astakine protein, Pacifastacus leniusculus; C501709:astakine protein, Penaeus monodon