title: Oral and dental manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients receiving hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the dental condition and oral manifestations in diabetic and nondiabetic uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 128 patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy were classified into the diabetic and nondiabetic groups and examined for uremic oral manifestations, dental caries, and the periodontal status. All the patients received predialytic salivary pH examination. In the diabetic group, the correlation between oral findings and glycemic controlled levels, which was collected based on Hb A1C values, were further studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The diabetic group exhibited significantly higher prevalence of caries and more severe dry mouth, taste change, and mucosa pain than the nondiabetic group. The diabetic group tended to have lower predialytic salivary pH, and patients with poor glycemic control (ie, Hb A1C > 9%) showed higher incidence of dry mouth, mucosal pain, and tongue coating. However, the DMFT and CPI index were not associated with glycemic control in the diabetic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reveals that diabetic uremic patients undergoing maintained hemodialysis exhibited a potentially higher risk for dental decay and xerostomia. Lower salivary pH and poor glycemic control may affect oral manifestations. Further research is needed to clarify the combined influence of diabetic nephropathy on oral health.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dentistry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70428, Taiwan. lfen@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Shu-Fen
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Junne-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Shih-Chen
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Jeng-Jong
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Su-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004245:DMF Index; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D052016:Mucositis / Q000209:etiology; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010512:Periodontal Index; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013280:Stomatitis / Q000209:etiology; D013651:Taste Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin