title: Pregnancy outcomes for mouse preimplantation embryos exposed in vitro to the estrogenic pesticide o,p'-DDT.
abstract: Pregnancy outcomes were evaluated following uterine transfer of murine preimplantation embryos exposed in vitro to the estrogenic pesticide o,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (o,p'-DDT). Single-cell embryos were incubated 72 h in medium droplets containing 0.1% ethanol (control) or 0.1 microg/ml o,p'-DDT (pesticide). Morula and preblastocyst embryos were transferred in groups of eight to right uterine horns of pseudopregnant mice (n=111) and pups (n=132) were evaluated at Caesarean-section (C-section). In vitro exposure to o,p'-DDT reduced development to morula (P<0.001) and modestly increased blastomere apoptosis (P=0.05). However, treatment differences were not detected for implantation rates (35% versus 39%; P=0.64), pup numbers per dam (2.3 versus 1.9; P=0.36), transfer efficiencies (16% versus 14%; P=0.53), fetal weights (1.56 g versus 1.57 g; P=0.91), skeletal abnormalities (55% versus 66%; P=0.47), or male ratios (54.8% versus 53.8%; P=1.0). In vitro exposure of preimplantation embryos to 0.1 microg/ml o,p'-DDT for 72 h resulted in no measurable effects on subsequent implantation or pup characteristics at C-section.
authors.affiliation: Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, WI, USA. greenlee@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: Anne R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Greenlee
authors.forename: Tammy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mercieca
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003634:DDT / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005260:Female; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009028:Morula / Q000187:drug effects; D010575:Pesticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D003634:DDT