title: Parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in rat collagen-induced arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to describe expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), a well-established animal model for rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  CIA was induced in female dark agouti rats. Inguinal (ILNs) and popliteal (PLNs) lymph nodes and distal interphalangeal joints (DIP) were retrieved at different time points. Tissues were processed for detection of PTHrP and cell marker proteins by immunohistochemistry. Lymph node RNA was extracted, and PTHrP mRNA quantified using competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hyperplasia of ILNs was observed 2 days after injection, coinciding with the peak in PTHrP expression in ILNs (1240 +/- 373 gene copies/ng RNA vs normal 339 +/- 120, P < 0.05). Hyperplasia of PLNs was first seen at 1 day after onset of arthritis, coinciding with the peak in PTHrP expression in PLNs (2267 +/- 697 vs normal 781 +/- 136, P < 0.01). PTHrP expression in PLNs remained increased 5 days after onset (1361 +/- 302 vs normal 781 +/- 136, P < 0.05). In both PLNs and ILNs PTHrP protein was localized to high endothelial venules, lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages. In DIP joint synovium PTHrP staining was first detected on day 10 after onset, and was most abundant at day 20 after onset, at sites of bone resorption and deposition, where it was localized to neutrophils, cells of monocyte lineage and osteoblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in ILN and PLN PTHrP mRNA expression suggest that elevated levels of the cytokine are associated with aggravation of the inflammatory immune response. Changes in PTHrP in DIP joints indicate its involvement in late rather than early pathogenic events in CIA joints.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia. David.Godler@med.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Godler
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bakharevski
authors.forename: M M L
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: P F J
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Ryan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000378:metabolism; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D014033:Toe Joint / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger