title: Evaluation of spermatogenesis and fertility in F1 male rats after in utero and neonatal exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether in utero and neonatal exposure to a 60 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) results in spermatotoxicity and reproductive dysfunction in the F1 offspring of rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Age-matched, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed continuously (21 h/day) to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of 0 (sham control), 5, 83.3 or 500 microT from day 6 of gestation through to day 21 of lactation. The experimentally generated magnetic field was monitored continuously (uninterrupted monitoring over the period of the study) throughout the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No exposure-related changes were found in exposed or sham-exposed animals with respect to the anogenital distance, preputial separation, testis weight, testicular histology, sperm count, daily sperm production, sperm motility, sperm morphology and reproductive capacity of F1 offspring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure of Sprague-Dawley rats to a 60 Hz EMF at field strengths of up to 500 microT from day 6 of gestation to day 21 of lactation did not produce any detectable alterations in offspring spermatogenesis and fertility.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Toxiology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Techonology, Daejeon 305-600, Korea.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*