title: Error processing in major depressive disorder: evidence from event-related potentials.
abstract: In a previous study we showed that errors following errors activate a strategic (prefrontal) mechanism. In an error trial (trial n) following an erroneous previous trial (trial n - 1) healthy control subjects were found to have enlarged (more negative) amplitudes of the error related negativity (ERN)/error negativity (Ne), an electrophysiological correlate of response monitoring, in response to a negative feedback signal. Contrary to that, patients with major depressive disorder showed smaller (less negative) ERN/Ne amplitudes. It has been discussed controversially whether errors of choice (e.g., pressing an incorrect response button in an Eriksen flanker task) and errors of commission (e.g., pressing a button when one is not supposed to in a Go/Nogo task) are related to different ERN/Ne mechanisms. In the present study, we examined whether our previous result only holds for errors of choice in an Eriksen flankers task or extends to errors of commission in a Go/Nogo task, as well. Ten patients with DSM-IV major depressive disorder and 10 matched controls participated in a Go/Nogo task with performance feedback which signaled monetary reward. Patients with major depressive disorder again showed a less negative ERN/Ne amplitude in error trials following error trials. This result might reflect impaired response monitoring processes in major depressive disorder resulting from an impaired activation of a central reward pathway and/or a deficit in strategic reasoning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry at the University of Ulm, Leimgrubenweg, D-89075 Ulm, Germany. martin.ruchsow@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruchsow
authors.forename: Bärbel
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Herrnberger
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beschoner
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grön
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spitzer
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiefer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002755:Choice Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D003265:Contingent Negative Variation / Q000502:physiology*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006179:Gyrus Cinguli / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values