title: The discovery and mechanism of action of novel tumor-selective and apoptosis-inducing 3,5-diaryl-1,2,4-oxadiazole series using a chemical genetics approach.
abstract: A novel series of 3,5-diaryl-oxadiazoles was identified as apoptosis-inducing agents through our cell and chemical genetics-based screening assay for compounds that induce apoptosis using a chemical genetics approach. Several analogues from this series including MX-74420 and MX-126374 were further characterized. MX-126374, a lead compound from this series, was shown to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell growth selectively in tumor cells. To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which this class of compounds alters the signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to apoptosis, expression profiling using the Affymetrix Gene Chip array technology was done along with other molecular and biochemical analyses. Interestingly, we have identified several key genes (cyclin D1, transforming growth factor-beta1, p21, and insulin-like growth factor-BP3) that are altered in the presence of this compound, leading to characterization of the pathway for activation of apoptosis. MX-126374 also showed significant inhibition of tumor growth as a single agent and in combination with paclitaxel in murine tumor models. Using photoaffinity labeling, tail-interacting protein 47, an insulin-like growth factor-II receptor binding protein, was identified as the molecular target. Further studies indicated that down-regulation of tail-interacting protein 47 in cancer cells by small interfering RNA shows a similar pathway profile as compound treatment. These data suggest that 3,5-diaryl-oxadiazoles may be a new class of anticancer drugs that are tumor-selective and further support the discovery of novel drugs and drug targets using chemical genetic approaches.
authors.affiliation: Maxim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 6650 Nancy Ridge Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Katayoun A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Jessen
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: English
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yu Wang
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maliartchouk
authors.forename: Shannon P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: Jared
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuemmerle
authors.forename: Han-Zhong
authors.initials: HZ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gehlsen
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drewe
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Sui Xiong
authors.initials: SX
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Shailaja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kasibhatla
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002645:Chickens; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000276:immunology; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; C016512:IgY; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D020169:Caspases