The regulation of feeding: a cross talk between peripheral and central signalling.
Feeding and energy expenditures are modulated by the interplay of hormones and neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), where the hypothalamus plays a pivotal role in the transduction of peripheral afferents into satiety and feeding signals. Aminergic neurotransmitters such as dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) are historically considered to play a key role, but a number of peptides are involved in finely tuning feeding regulation. This review summarizes the current understanding of the CNS mechanisms of orexigenic peptides, such as neuropeptide Y, orexins, and ghrelin, as well as anorectic peptides, such as leptin, neurotensin (NT), cocaine- and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) peptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urocortin, amylin.
Brunetti
L
L
Department of Drug Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy.
Di Nisio
C
C
Orlando
G
G
Ferrante
C
C
Vacca
M
M
D000818:Animals; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D036361:Peptide Hormones