title: [Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of strabismus combined with ptosis].
abstract: On the basis of examination of 172 patients with strabismus concomitant with ptosis, different clinical forms of the former were defined and their clinical variations were classified. Symptomatology was described for each form. An independent type of false positive ptosis was pointed out. The notion of "positive and negative fixation tests" was introduced. A proper interpretation of the origin of true and false ptosis was presented. Finally, a sequence and tactics of surgical and functional treatment of different clinical presentations of squint concomitant with ptosis are lain down.
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Kashchenko
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Kataev
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sharipova
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Aklaeva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005403:Fixation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology