title: The influence of depression on cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly persons.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An association between depression and cognitive decline (CD) has been observed in cross-sectional and case/control studies of elderly populations. Whereas a handful of longitudinal community studies have found depressive symptoms to predate the onset of CD, others have found no association between depression and subsequent cognitive dysfunction. The authors examined the association between depressive symptoms and cognitive errors measured 3 years apart in a longitudinal sample of community-dwelling elderly persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 4,162 subjects assessed as part of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly, a population survey assessing physical, psychological, and social functioning of persons 65 years and older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Depressive symptoms were associated with subsequent CD even after controlling for baseline cognitive status, as well as demographic (e.g., race, gender, age, and socioeconomic status) and physical functioning variables. This was true for the sample as a whole, as well as for a subsample of participants who evidenced no baseline cognitive difficulties.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study results are consistent with others finding an association between depressive symptoms and subsequent CD. Theories regarding the causal mechanisms underlying the association between depression and cognitive decline are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA. sachs@psy.fsu.edu
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sachs-Ericsson
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Joiner
authors.forename: E Ashby
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Plant
authors.forename: Dan G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Blazer
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012917:Social Adjustment; D013223:Statistics as Topic