title: Two-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate under extreme rotation.
abstract: We show that a Bose-condensed gas, under extreme rotation in a 2D anisotropic trap, forms a novel elongated quantum fluid which has a roton-maxon excitation spectrum. For a sufficiently large interaction strength, the roton energy reaches zero and the system undergoes a second order quantum transition to the state with a periodic structure-rows of vortices. The number of rows increases with the interaction, and the vortices eventually form a triangular Abrikosov lattice.
authors.affiliation: Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Komplexer Systeme, 38 Nöthnitzer Strasse, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: G V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Shlyapnikov