title: Apically-extruded debris using the ProTaper system.
abstract: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the quantity of debris and irrigant extruded apically using the ProTaper system compared to ProFiles and K-Flexofiles. Thirty-six mesio-buccal root canals of human mandibular molars were selected and divided into three groups of twelve canals. Two groups were instrumented with ProFiles and ProTapers according to the manufacturer's instructions. The other group was instrumented with K-Flexofiles using the step-back technique. A standard amount of irrigant was used for each canal. Apically-extruded debris and irrigant was collected in pre-weighed vials. The mean weight of extruded debris and irrigant for each group was statistically analysed using Student's t-test and one-way ANOVA. All instrumentation techniques produced extruded debris and irrigant. Although the mean amount of extrusion with the step-back technique was higher than the two rotary systems, there was no significant difference between the three groups (p > 0.05). NiTi rotary systems were associated with less apical extrusion, but were not significantly better than hand file instrumentation. All techniques extruded debris.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. gheshlaghi@gums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Nasim Gheshlaghi
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Azar
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ebrahimi
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003762:Dental Instruments; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; D006801:Humans; D008963:Molar; D012388:Root Canal Irrigants; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016369:Smear Layer; D019227:Tooth Apex
chemical_list: D012388:Root Canal Irrigants