title: Phenolic acid, tocopherol and carotenoid compositions, and antioxidant functions of hard red winter wheat bran.
abstract: An electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry study was conducted to examine the free radical scavenging properties of bran extracts of Alliance and Wichita wheat using hydroxyl radical (HO*), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH*), and superoxide radical anion (O2*-) and their chelating capacities against Cu2+. Also reported is the radical cation 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS*+) scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC), and chelating property against Fe2+ of the bran extracts measured by the spectrophotometric methods. Significant radical scavenging and chelating capacities were detected in the bran extracts, along with significant levels of phenolic acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids. Ferulic acid, with a concentration range of 130.60-146.38 microg/g, was the predominant phenolic acid in all of the tested bran samples and accounted for approximately 53-67% of total phenolic acids on a weight basis. Total tocopherol concentration ranged from 1.87 to 2.95 micromol/100 g of bran, whereas total carotenoid level was 0.20-0.33 micromol/100 g of bran. In addition, both wheat variety and growing conditions might significantly alter antioxidant properties and concentrations of beneficial components in wheat bran.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
authors.forename: Kequan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Jun-Jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Liangli Lucy
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000032:analysis; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000032:analysis*; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates / Q000032:analysis*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000737:chemistry; D010851:Picrates / Q000737:chemistry; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D062385:Hydroxybenzoates; D010851:Picrates; D013481:Superoxides; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D002338:Carotenoids; D003300:Copper; C004999:ferulic acid; C004931:1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl; C017616:phenolic acid; D024505:Tocopherols