title: Occupational open globe injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Occupational ocular trauma is an important cause of acquired monocular blindness in a rapidly industrialising country like India. Knowledge of the epidemiology of occupational eye injuries is essential to formulate viable industrial safety measures.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all patients with occupational open globe injuries between 1994 and 1998. We documented the circumstances of the injuries, their clinical findings and the use of appropriate protective eyewear at the time of the injury. The visual acuity 6 months after the injury was the final outcome measure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study period we examined 43 patients with open globe injuries sustained at the work place. Thirty-four (79.1%) patients were young males. The iron and steel industry accounted for 19 (44.2%) cases while 8 (18.6%) patients each were from the agricultural, mining and other small scale industrial sectors. At the time of the injury, 33 (76.7%) were not wearing the recommended protective eyewear and 6 (13.9%) were under the influence of alcohol. The injuries were mild in 6 (13.9%), moderate in 18 (41.9%) and severe in 19 (44.2%) patients. At the end of 6 months, 2 (4.7%) patients had a visual acuity of 6/12 or better, 4 (9.3%) had a visual acuity of 6/18 to 6/60 and 29 (67.4.%) had a vision of <6/60. Eight (18.6%) patients were not available for follow up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational open globe injuries are usually severe and are associated with a poor visual outcome. Mandatory use of protective eyewear and alcohol-free environment at the work place is likely to reduce the incidence of severe occupational open globe injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, St. John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India. aa.sjmc@vsnl.com
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Vasu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vasnaik
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Battu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurian
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015807:Eye Injuries, Penetrating / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D005135:Eye Protective Devices; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007221:Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices