title: Angiotensin II dilates bovine adrenal cortical arterioles: role of endothelial nitric oxide.
abstract: Adrenal steroidogenesis is modulated by humoral and neuronal factors and blood flow. Angiotensin II (AII) stimulates adrenal cortical aldosterone and cortisol production and medullary catecholamine release. However, AII regulation of adrenal vascular tone has not been characterized. We examined the effect of AII on diameters of cannulated bovine adrenal cortical arteries. Cortical arteries (average internal diameter = 230 microm) were constricted with U46619 and concentration-diameter responses to AII (10(-13) to 10(-8) mol/liter) were measured. In endothelium-intact arteries, AII induced dilations at low concentrations (maximum dilation = 25 +/- 6% at 10(-10) mol/liter) and constrictions at high concentrations (maximum constriction = 25 +/- 18% at 10(-8) mol/liter). AII constrictions were blocked by the angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist, losartan (10(-6) mol/liter). AII dilations were enhanced by losartan (maximal dilation = 48 +/- 8%), abolished by endothelial cell removal or N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA, 3 x 10(-5) mol/liter) and inhibited by the angiotensin type 2 (AT2) receptor antagonist, PD123319 (10(-6) mol/liter, maximal dilation = 18 +/- 4%). In a 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate nitric oxide (NO) assay of isolated cortical arteries, AII stimulated NO production, which was abolished by PD123319, L-NA, or endothelial cell removal. Western immunoblot of arterial homogenates and endothelial and zona glomerulosa cell lysates revealed 48-kD and 50-kD bands corresponding to AT1 and AT2 receptors, respectively, in all three and a 140-kD band corresponding to endothelial NO synthase in endothelial cells and arteries. Our results demonstrate that AII stimulates adrenal cortical arterial dilation through endothelial cell AT2 receptor activation and NO release and AT1 receptor-dependent constriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: David X
authors.initials: DX
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Erik M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Blythe
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000302:Adrenal Cortex / Q000098:blood supply / Q000502:physiology*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009603:Nitroso Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009603:Nitroso Compounds; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000804:Angiotensin II; C094210:2,2'-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)bis-ethanamine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019796:15-Hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic Acid; D019808:Losartan