title: Expression and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in growth plate chondrocytes.
abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a nuclear hormone receptor that is involved in a wide range of cellular processes. Although it is known that PPAR-gamma plays an important role in cell cycle control, inflammation, apoptotic cell death, and other cellular processes, the role of PPAR-gamma in the normal and pathological function of growth plate chondrocytes has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine if PPARs are expressed in growth plate chondrocytes and to describe the biological effect of PPAR activation in these cells. The results demonstrate the presence of three PPAR isoforms (alpha, delta, and gamma) in growth plate cartilage. Activation of PPAR-gamma by ciglitazone in growth plate chondrocytes inhibits T(3) induced terminal differentiation and promotes apoptosis through increased levels of caspase 3/7 activity and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Center, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Yvonne Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Shao
authors.forename: Lai
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tarr
authors.forename: R Tracy
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ballock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D006132:Growth Plate / Q000166:cytology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000032:analysis* / Q000502:physiology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein
chemical_list: D047495:PPAR gamma; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D020169:Caspases