title: Analysis of clinical characteristics of dyspeptic symptoms in Shanghai patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve the management of dyspepsia by analyzing the clinical characteristics of dyspeptic symptoms in patients from Shanghai.
  
  
  METHODS
  782 patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) or organic dyspepsia (OD) completed a questionnaire about dyspepsia. The questionnaire asked participants to score 12 previously validated common upper abdominal symptoms. The clinical characteristics of dyspepsia including severe symptoms; and the relationship between symptoms and meals were then analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 782 dyspeptic patients, 543 cases (69.4%) were classed as FD and 239 (30.6%) OD. The proportion of males was significantly higher in the OD group. There was no difference in average dyspepsia scores between the 2 dyspeptic groups (21.5 vs 20.4, P > 0.05), but the scores of 'stomach' pain and 'stomach' pain before meals were higher in OD patients than in FD patients (2.65 +/- 1.11 vs 2.16 +/- 0.92, 2.26 +/- 1.26 vs 1.79 +/- 0.92, P < 0.05). In 45.2% of the OD patients and 47.7% of the FD patients, respectively, the severity of symptoms was not related to meals. In subgroups of ulcer-like, dysmotility-like and unspecified dyspepsia, the proportion of patients with symptoms not related to meals was 59.6%, 50.9% and 35.2%, respectively. 2.5% (6/239) of OD patients presented with progressive dysphagia, compared with 2.8% (15/543) of FD patients who presented with intermittent dysphagia. Approximately 8.8% (21/239) of OD patients reported dramatic weight loss accompanied with other severe symptoms, compared with 5.9% (32/543) of FD patients who had no other severe symptoms. A shift in symptom subtypes during the follow-up period was found in 13.8% of FD patients. The infection rate of Helicobacter pylori was higher in the OD group than in the FD group (53.1%vs 42.2%, P < 0.01), but no difference was found among the three subgroups of FD patients (P > 0.05). Halitosis was more often found in dyspeptic patients with H. pylori infection (44.9%vs 17.0% in OD, 47.3%vs 25.4% in FD, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When dyspepsia patients present with 'stomach' pain or 'stomach' pain before meals, a diagnosis of OD should be considered. Intermittent dysphagia, weight loss not accompanied with other severe symptoms, and halitosis (more often seen in patients with H. pylori infection) might be regarded as the relatively unique symptoms of dyspepsia in some FD patients. In FD, we found that the severity of dyspepsia symptoms was not related to meals in half of the patients, and symptom subtypes might shift over time, this adds difficulty to the management of FD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Xiao Bo
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wen Zhong
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi Zheng
authors.initials: ZZ
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Da Rong
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yun Jia
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Han Bin
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Shu Dong
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged