title: Petrimonas sulfuriphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a mesophilic fermentative bacterium isolated from a biodegraded oil reservoir.
abstract: A mesophilic, anaerobic, fermentative bacterium, strain BN3(T), was isolated from a producing well of a biodegraded oil reservoir in Canada. Cells were Gram-negative, non-motile rods that did not form spores. The temperature range for growth was 15-40 degrees C, with optimum growth at 37-40 degrees C. The strain grew with up 4 % NaCl, with optimum growth in the absence of NaCl. Tryptone was required for growth. Yeast extract and elemental sulfur stimulated growth. Growth was also enhanced during fermentation of glucose, arabinose, galactose, maltose, mannose, rhamnose, lactose, ribose, fructose, sucrose, cellobiose, lactate, mannitol and glycerol. Acetate, hydrogen and CO(2) were produced during glucose fermentation. Elemental sulfur and nitrate were used as electron acceptors and were reduced to sulfide and ammonium, respectively. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 40.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain was a member of the phylum 'Bacteroidetes', distantly related to the genera Bacteroides and Tannerella (similarity values of less than 90 %). The chemotaxonomic data (fatty acids, polar lipids and quinones composition) also indicated that strain BN3(T) could be clearly distinguished from its closest cultivated relatives. This novel organism possesses phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic traits that do not allow its classification as a member of any previously described genus; therefore, it is proposed that this isolate should be described as a member of a novel species of a new genus, Petrimonas gen. nov., of which Petrimonas sulfuriphila sp. nov. is the type species. The type strain is BN3(T) (= DSM 16547(T) = JCM 12565(T)).
authors.affiliation: UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFREMER and Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzané, France.|Institut Français du Pétrole, 1 et 4, avenue de Bois Préau, F-92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Agnès
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grabowski
authors.affiliation: DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Tindall
authors.affiliation: Institut Français du Pétrole, 1 et 4, avenue de Bois Préau, F-92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bardin
authors.affiliation: Institut Français du Pétrole, 1 et 4, avenue de Bois Préau, F-92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blanchet
authors.affiliation: UMR 6197, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, IFREMER and Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Place Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzané, France.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jeanthon
mesh_terms: D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D000693:Anaerobiosis; D041963:Bacteroidetes / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D001482:Base Composition; D002170:Canada; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005285:Fermentation; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D005840:Gentian Violet; D005990:Glycerol / Q000378:metabolism; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006859:Hydrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D010461:Peptones / Q000378:metabolism; D010619:Phenazines; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010802:Phylogeny; D011809:Quinones / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D013455:Sulfur / Q000378:metabolism; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; C035863:Gram's stain; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates; D010461:Peptones; D010619:Phenazines; D010743:Phospholipids; D011809:Quinones; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013455:Sulfur; C001830:tryptones; D006859:Hydrogen; D005840:Gentian Violet; D005990:Glycerol; D019342:Acetic Acid