title: Laparoscopic surgery for the management of obstruction of the gastric outlet and small bowel following previous laparotomy for major upper gastrointestinal resection or cancer palliation: a new concept.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical relief of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) or small bowel obstruction in patients who had undergone major resection or palliative bypass surgery for malignancy is conventionally achieved at a laparotomy. The potential role of minimally invasive surgery in the management of these complications has not been previously explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2003 and 2004, 4 consecutive patients, age range 37 to 72 years, where admitted with gastric outlet or proximal small bowel obstruction following previous open surgery for suspected intra-abdominal malignancy, under the care of one surgeon. The respective past histories of these patients were recurrent GOO and concomitant distal biliary obstruction following a previous open gastric bypass elsewhere for metastatic pancreatic head cancer; persistent adhesive small bowel obstruction following radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer; GOO secondary to intra-abdominal recurrence 6 months after hepatobiliary resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma; and GOO following previous pancreatico-duodenectomy for suspected pancreatic head cancer. Their respective surgical management consisted of a laparoscopic re-do gastric bypass and concomitant cholecystojejunostomy; adhesiolysis and revision of the Roux-en-Y enteric anastomosis; a Devine exclusion gastroenterostomy; and resection and refashioning of the gastroenterostomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no conversions to open surgery and no postoperative complications. The median operating time was 240 minutes (range, 145 to 300 minutes). Oral free fluid intake was resumed on postoperative day (POD) 1, while diet was resumed between POD 2 and 4. The median postoperative hospital stay was 15.5 days (range, 14 to 25 days).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous laparotomy and major resection or palliation of malignancy do not preclude the application of the laparoscopic approach for the management of upper gastrointestinal obstruction. Laparoscopic adhesiolysis and revision of enteroenteric and gastroenteric anastomoses are feasible management options in the hands of those experienced with complex laparoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Mohammed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Rashedy
authors.forename: M Eyad
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballester
authors.forename: Basil J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ammori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D017219:Gastric Outlet Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000601:surgery*; D007421:Intestine, Small; D010535:Laparoscopy; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012086:Reoperation