title: Stings and bites: what to do about envenomation injuries.
abstract: Although serious envenomation injuries are rare in the United States, all emergency workers should be prepared for them. Most severe complications occur in people with previous allergies or pre-existing conditions. Many people, especially those with prediagnosed allergies, will be capable of self-treatment prior to EMS's arrival; however, prepare for the worst. EMS personnel should know how to treat virtually any envenomation injuries with general practices, and should inform the receiving hospital so venom-specific treatment can be prepared. Crews should also know what creatures are indigenous to their areas and know what to expect when the tones go off. Be aware that a side effect of any animal bite or sting, whether venomous or not, is bacterial infection. Remind patients of this. The hospital physician will also educate them about infection. If you respond to a call but the patient refuses transport and signs a waiver, you must educate him about possible bacterial contamination from the bite or sting. Never waive a patient until he has been educated regarding his injury and still refuses transport.
authors.affiliation: Emergency Response Corps.
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Powers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000628:therapy*; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004496:Education, Continuing; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States