title: A preliminary study of experimental polyacid-modified composite resins ('compomers') containing vinyl phosphonic acid.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to determine the properties of two novel compomers formulated with the monomer vinyl phosphonic acid (VPA). The setting properties, mechanical strength, wear characteristics and fluoride release of two experimental unshaded compomers containing VPA were determined, and compared with the commercial compomer Dyract A (shade C3).
  
  
  METHODS
  Two novel compomers were prepared, containing, respectively, 0.24% (A) and 2.31% (B) by mass of VPA, and an appropriate amount of reactive glass filler. Their properties were compared with those of Dyract AP (shade A3). Depth of cure was determined according to the method of ISO 4049. Polymerization of model mixtures of bisGMA, TEGDMA and VPA was studied using FT Raman spectroscopy, by comparing the absorption at 1608cm(-1) (aromatic C-C bond) with that at 1313cm(-1) (CC aliphatic). Compressive and biaxial flexure strengths were determined for sets of 6 specimens stored either wet or dry. Wear was determined using a toothbrushing machine and an abrasive slurry, and fluoride release was determined following up to 6 weeks storage in aqueous media, using a fluoride-selective electrode.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the model monomer mixtures, the one with the greater quantities of VPA showed lowest degrees of polymerization after irradiation for 40s. Compomer A had an acceptable depth of cure, and similar properties to Dyract AP in terms of compressive and biaxial flexure strength, and also fluoride release. Resistance to toothbrush abrasion of both of the experimental compomers was superior to that of Dyract AP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies demonstrate that VPA can be used as the active monomer in experimental compomers, and is capable of yielding materials with properties equivalent to a commercial material, but with improved resistance to toothpaste abrasion. The level of VPA in the formulation is critical, because this monomer inhibits addition polymerization, hence must be used only in small amounts.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterials Research Group, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
authors.forename: Gabriel O
authors.initials: GO
authors.lastname: Adusei
authors.forename: Sanjukta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deb
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D020770:Compomers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D019245:Compressive Strength; D019554:Dental Restoration Wear; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D005459:Fluorides / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000737:chemistry*; D044367:Phase Transition; D018583:Pliability; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation; D014753:Vinyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D020770:Compomers; D063065:Organophosphonates; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D014753:Vinyl Compounds; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; C433467:vinylphosphonic acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D005459:Fluorides