title: The safety of sublingual-swallow immunotherapy: an analysis of published studies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As the main target of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is to reduce at most the occurrence of adverse events (AE), safety represents a critical issue. This aspect deserves particular mention when a higher dose of allergen extract than traditional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) is required to be effective: that may be up to 500 times that employed for SCIT.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  All published controlled studies concerning SLIT-swallow were analysed to evaluate AE rates.
  
  
  METHODS
  Studies were subdivided in two groups: (i) studies using low allergen dose (LAD), i.e. ranging from 1 to 50 times the dose commonly administered with SCIT, and (ii) studies with high allergen dose (HAD), i.e. ranging from 50 to 500 times the dose administered with SCIT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five studies were altogether analysed: 13 studies belonged to the low-dose group, 12 belonged to the high-dose group. We considered all patients with at least one AE. Local reactions were significantly more frequent in the LAD group than in the HAD group (P<0.0001), while there was no difference in the rate of systemic reactions. Severe systemic reactions were never reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents the first analysis of the safety of SLIT concerning the allergen dose employed in the treatment. There is evidence that AE occurrence is substantially not dose-dependent. This fact highlights two main clinical aspects: the elevated tolerability of SLIT in general and the safety of HAD regimen.
authors.affiliation: Stallergénes, Scientific Department, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gidaro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sensi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Incorvaia
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciprandi
mesh_terms: D000286:Administration, Sublingual; D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016233:Immunotherapy, Active / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D012107:Research Design
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens