title: Tuberculosis, a re-emergent disease.
abstract: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Western Europe, regions with a high incidence of TB usually also have a high incidence of HIV infection; TB and HIV co-infection have increased over the past decade and among HIV infected patients, nearly half also develop TB. In settings where HIV is prevalent, TB drug resistance has also increased and several reports of TB and multi-drug resistant TB outbreaks, especially in health care settings, raise serious concerns about nosocomial transmission. Further research and new developments into more rapid diagnostic methods and sensitivity testing as well as the development of new anti-TB drugs are important to fight the disease. In addition, public health infrastructures have to be strengthened in order to increase adherence to TB treatment, where directly observed treatment strategy is the cornerstone for a successful outcome.
authors.affiliation: Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal. evaladas@fm.ul.pt
authors.forename: Emília
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Valadas
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Antunes
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D023801:Directly Observed Therapy; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015995:Prevalence; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents