title: Withdrawal, tolerance, and sensitization to dopamine mediated interoceptive cues in rats trained on a three-lever drug-discrimination task.
abstract: In the present experiment rats were trained on a three-lever, drug-discrimination task to discriminate the cues associated with 0.30 mg/kg of the indirect dopamine (DA) agonist, amphetamine (AMPH), saline (SAL), and 0.03 mg/kg of the DA, D2 receptor antagonist, haloperidol (HAL). Choice behavior determined from tests on 0.30 and 0.15 mg/kg AMPH, SAL 0.03 and 0.015 mg/kg HAL provided a behavioral baseline presumed to represent changes along a continuum of DA mediated, interoceptive cues. Results from separate groups tested on 0.30 and 0.15 mg/kg AMPH, SAL, 0.03 and 0.015 mg/kg HAL, 24 h post-treatment with an acute 7.5 mg/kg dose of AMPH, showed rapid tolerance and withdrawal to the AMPH cue and sensitization to the HAL cue. The same tests 24 h following treatment with 1.0 mg/kg HAL showed rapid tolerance to the HAL cue, sensitization to the AMPH cue, but not AMPH-like withdrawal cues. Analysis of the results showed that tolerance to the AMPH and HAL cues reflected neuroadaptive baseline shifts and not weaker cue properties. These findings are consistent with predictions from opponent process theory of motivation and provide an animal model to study the motivational consequences that aversive symptoms of AMPH withdrawal such as dysphoria and anhedonia can have on drug-taking behavior.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Center, Departments of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, 1310 24th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212-2637, USA. robert.j.barrett@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Caul
authors.forename: Randy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D003463:Cues; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000502:physiology*; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D000661:Amphetamine; D006220:Haloperidol; D004298:Dopamine