title: Monocyte viability on titanium and copper coated titanium.
abstract: The role of apoptosis/cell death in the inflammatory response at the implanted materials is unexplored. Two surfaces with different cytotoxic potential and in vivo outcomes, titanium (Ti) and copper (Cu) were incubated in vitro with human monocytes and studied using a method to discriminate apoptotic and necrotic cells (Annexin V/PI staining). Further, staurosporine, a potent inducer of apoptosis, was added to the surface adherent monocytes. Lactate dehydrogenase (a marker of cell membrane injury) and TNF-alpha and IL-10, cytokines, previously suggested to play a major role in the monocyte apoptosis, were assayed in the culture medium. The results demonstrated that Ti surfaces displayed enhanced monocyte survival and production of IL-10 and TNF-alpha. Cu adherent cells exhibited apoptotic signs as early as 1h after incubation. In contrast to Ti, after 48 h the predominance of apoptotic cells switched to apoptotic/necrotic cells on Cu surfaces. Staurosporine treatment of Ti adherent cells mediated similar type of cell death. LDH and cytokine contents were low around Cu surfaces, partly explained by interference between Cu ions and LDH and cytokines. This study suggests that material properties rapidly influence the onset of human monocyte apoptosis and progression to late apoptosis/necrosis. Early detection of apoptosis and cell death may be important for the understanding of the biological response to implanted materials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. felicia.suska@biomaterials.gu.se
authors.forename: Felicia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suska
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gretzer
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Esposito
authors.forename: Pentti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tengvall
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Thomsen
mesh_terms: D017304:Annexin A5 / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death; D002470:Cell Survival; D002498:Centrifugation; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D011419:Propidium / Q000494:pharmacology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D011419:Propidium; D003300:Copper; D014025:Titanium; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019311:Staurosporine