Less than 50% of variation in HDL cholesterol between and within individuals, is explained by established predictors.
Variation in serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations is believed to be largely explained by triglycerides, but this has been mainly explored in cross-sectional analyses. Eight hundred and eighty one white male participants in a health screening program attended on a total of 2158 occasions for measurements that included fasting HDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-R). Baseline, change between-visit and repeated-measures regression models were used to analyse predictors of between- and within-individual variation in HDL-C. Independent predictors of between-individual variation included serum triglycerides (20.3 or 19.6% of the variance explained, depending on the model used), body mass index (BMI: 4.7 and 4.3%), cigarette smoking (3.3 and 1.5%) and alcohol consumption (0.4 and 1.1%). Within-individual variation in HDL-C was explained by changes in serum triglycerides (4.7 and 7.5%) and BMI (5.3 and 2.9%). In multivariate models, 24.3 and 24.9% of between-individual variation in HDL-C, and 7.9 and 8.8% of within-individual variation could be explained, depending on the model used. Sixty percent of the variation in HDL-C was due to unobserved factors. The majority of variation in HDL-C remains to be explained by influences other than the conventional variables: triglyceride and LDL cholesterol concentrations, insulin resistance, smoking and alcohol.
Jeffs
James A R
JA
Endocrinology and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, Mint Wing 2nd Floor, London W2 1NY, UK.
Godsland
Ian F
IF
Johnston
Desmond G
DG
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL