title: Hyperglycemia after protein ingestion concurrent with injection of a GLP-1 receptor agonist in rats: a possible role for dietary peptides.
abstract: Protein ingestion after injection of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex-4) causes hyperglycemia in rats. The objectives of this study were to determine the components of protein digestion responsible for this effect and to associate it with changes in the concentrations of other metabolites and hormones. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, food-deprived rats were gavaged with intact whey (WP) or albumin protein, their hydrolysates, amino acid mixtures (1 g/2.5 ml), or water 5 min after injection of either PBS or Ex-4 (0.5 microg/rat). Tail vein blood was analyzed for glucose over 2 h. In the second experiment, food-deprived rats were gavaged with WP with or without Ex-4. Groups of conscious rats were killed by decapitation either before, or at selected times after gavage. Plasma concentrations of glucose, amino acids, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, insulin, glucagon, and leptin were measured. In experiment 1, blood glucose was higher when intact proteins and protein hydrolysates, but not amino acid mixtures, were given with than without Ex-4 (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, concentrations of glucose, FFA, and the ratio of tyrosine to branched-chain amino acid were higher (P < 0.01), but leptin and essential amino acid concentrations were lower (P < 0.05), and insulin, glucagon, and glycerol were similar when WP was given with or without Ex-4. We conclude that the hyperglycemia caused by the administration of Ex-4 concurrently with dietary protein arises from the action of peptides released during digestion and their interaction with Ex-4 in the regulation of glucose, fatty acid, and amino acid metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 3rd floor FitzGerald Bldg., 150 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E2.
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: G Harvey
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Adria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giacca
authors.forename: France
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077270:Exenatide; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon / Q000819:agonists*; D014688:Venoms / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004338:Drug Combinations; C000593835:Glp1r protein, rat; D000067757:Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; D010455:Peptides; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D018027:Receptors, Glucagon; D014688:Venoms; D000077270:Exenatide