title: RASSF1A promoter methylation and 3p21.3 loss of heterozygosity are features of foregut, but not midgut and hindgut, malignant endocrine tumours.
abstract: The Ras-association domain family 1A (RASSF1A) tumour suppressor gene is inactivated in a variety of solid tumours, usually by epigenetic silencing of the promoter and/or allelic loss of its locus at 3p21.3. RASSF1A induces cell cycle arrest through inhibition of cyclin D1 accumulation. In this work, 62 endocrine tumours from different sites in the gut were investigated for methylation of the RASSF1A promoter using the polymerase chain reaction, the presence of 3p21.3 deletions by loss of heterozygosity analysis, and cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Methylation was found in 20/62 (32%) cases and was restricted to foregut tumours; deletion at 3p21.3 was found in 15/58 (26%) informative cases and restricted to malignant foregut tumours; cyclin D1 hyper-expression was found in 31/58 (53%) cases and correlated with RASSF1A methylation. Our data suggest that RASSF1A is involved in the development of endocrine tumours derived from the foregut only, and that the presence of both RASSF1A methylation and 3p21.3 deletion is associated with malignancy. These results may provide a rationale for foregut-targeted therapy for aggressive endocrine carcinomas entailing the use of demethylating agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pizzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Azzoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bottarelli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Campanini
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Adda
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pasquali
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rindi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bordi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001063:Appendiceal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007078:Ileal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C411762:RASSF1 protein, human; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019938:Cyclin D1