title: Improvement of the walking ability in intermittent claudication due to superficial femoral artery occlusion with supervised exercise and pneumatic foot and calf compression: a randomised controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of unsupervised exercise, supervised exercise and intermittent pneumatic foot and calf compression (IPC) on the claudication distance, lower limb arterial haemodynamics and quality of life of patients with intermittent claudication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four eligible patients with stable intermittent claudication were randomised to IPC (n = 13, 3h/d for 6 months), supervised exercise (n = 12, three hourly sessions/week for 6 months) or unsupervised exercise (n = 9). In each patient, initial claudication distance (ICD), absolute claudication distance (ACD), resting ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI), and resting hyperaemic calf arterial inflow were measured before, 6 weeks, 6 months and 1 year after randomisation. Quality of life was assessed with the short form (SF)-36, walking impairment (WIQ) and intermittent claudication questionnaires (ICQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with unsupervised exercise, both IPC and supervised exercise, increased ICD and ACD, up to 2.83 times. IPC increased arterial inflow (p < 0.05 at 6 weeks) and ABPI. Supervised exercise decreased arterial inflow and increased ABPI (p < 0.05 at 6 months). Unsupervised exercise had no effect on arterial inflow or ABPI. IPC improved significantly the ICQ score and the speed score of the WIQ, while supervised exercise improved the WIQ claudication severity score. At 1 year clinical effectiveness of supervised exercise and IPC was largely preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IPC, by augmenting leg perfusion, achieved improvement in walking distance comparable with supervised exercise. Long-term results in a larger number of patients will provide valuable information on the optimal treatment modality of intermittent claudication.
authors.affiliation: Vascular Unit, Ealing Hospital, Southall, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kakkos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Geroulakos
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005528:Foot; D006801:Humans; D007383:Intermittent Claudication / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D048228:Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices; D007866:Leg; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016138:Walking