title: Association between interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) gene polymorphism and outcome after head injury: an early report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies focusing on the genetic influences on outcome after head injury (HI) have suggested that different alleles of certain genes are associated with different outcomes. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) gene, especially beta2 polymorphism, is frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease, a remarkable degenerative state in which HI is among the known risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to search for the possible association between the outcome and IL-1beta gene polymorphism in human HI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group was composed of the 69 patients admitted to the neurosurgery department after HI. The severity of the initial injury was evaluated by means of the Glasgow Coma Scale and outcome six months later was assessed by means of the Glasgow Outcome Scale. IL-1beta genotypes were determined from blood samples by standard methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen of 25 (56%) patients with IL-1beta +3953 allele 2 had an unfavourable outcome (dead, vegetative state or severe disability) compared with eight of 44 (18.1%) patients without IL-1beta +3953 (p = 0.0004). Similarly, 20 of 28 (71.4%) patients with IL-1beta -511 allele 2 had an unfavourable outcome compared with two of 41 (4.8%) patients without IL-1beta -511 (p = 0.005). Patients who had a composite of IL-1beta 2/2 or 1/2 genotype from both -511 and +3953 region of the chromosome 2 were more prone to have bad prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of our study demonstrated that there might be a significant association between IL-1beta gene polymorphism and outcome after HI, supporting the hypothesis of a genetically determined influence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey. uzan@istanbul.edu.tr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzan
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Baykara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafadar
authors.forename: G Z
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Sanus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tureci
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozkara
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buyra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D053583:Interleukin-1beta / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D053583:Interleukin-1beta