title: Spatial distribution and temporal variation of Microcystis species composition and microcystin concentration in Lake Biwa.
abstract: Spatial and temporal variation in Microcystis species composition and microcystin concentration, quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and high-performance liquid chromatography, were investigated during a 3-year period (1998-2000) in the Northern Basin of Lake Biwa. The Northern Basin generally had a concentration of 5 microg L(-1) or less, except at station 1 (Nagahama Bay) from July to October during the study period. The maximum concentration at station 1 was 22.7, 35.9, and 22.0 microg L(-1) in October of 1998, 1999, and 2000, respectively. Eleven species of cyanobacteria were observed: Microcystis aeruginosa, M. ichthyoblabe, M. novacekii, M. wesenbergii, Oscillatoria raciborskii, Anabaena oumiana, A. affinis, A. flos-aquae, A. ucrainica, A. smithii, and A. crassa. Of these, M. aeruginosa and M. wesenbergii were the main components observed. A high concentration of microcystin in the lake water was mostly a result of variation in the relative amount of toxic M. aeruginosa rather than of the total Microcystis cell number. This was supported by the analytical results for isolated strains. Microcystis spp. cell density in the Northern Basin appeared to increase gradually over the course of the study. This is the first study to have surveyed the Northern Basin of Lake Biwa, which supplies drinking water to 14 million people and is the largest lake in Japan.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University,Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozawa
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muranaka
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Yukimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Katagami
authors.forename: Takamitsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Homma
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsujimura
authors.forename: Michio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kumagai
authors.forename: Mariyo F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Ho-Dong
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002965:Classification; D003625:Data Collection; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis*; D007564:Japan; D052998:Microcystins; D046931:Microcystis; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis*; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012621:Seasons; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D014867:Water; C078588:microcystin