title: Onset and duration periods of articaine and lidocaine on maxillary infiltration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the onset and duration of pulpal anesthesia by maxillary infiltration using 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty healthy patients randomly received 1.8 mL of one of the three local anesthetics during operative dentistry procedures of low complexity on three maxillary posterior teeth. Onset and duration were determined using an electric pulp tester.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values for pulpal onset were 2.8, 1.6, and 1.4 minutes and for pulpal duration were 39.2, 56.7, and 66.3 minutes, respectively, for 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine, 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine, and 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine. Statistical analysis by the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test showed significant differences with better results (shorter onset and longer duration periods) for both articaine solutions compared with the lidocaine solution. Although 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine clinically presented the shortest onset and the longest duration periods, there was no statistically significant difference between the articaine solutions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both articaine solutions produced shorter onset and longer duration of pulpal anesthesia by maxillary infiltration than the lidocaine solution did. Statistical analysis did not confirm better clinical results of 4% articaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine than with 4% articaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Integrated Clinic and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Uningá University, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
authors.forename: Carina Gisele
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Isabel Peixoto
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Tortamano
authors.forename: Rodney Garcia
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rocha
authors.forename: Carlos Eduardo
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Francischone
authors.forename: Nicolau
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tortamano
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002355:Carticaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003791:Dental Pulp Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D002355:Carticaine