title: Determination of fluoroquinolones in edible animal tissue samples by high performance liquid chromatography after solid phase extraction.
abstract: In the present work, a rapid, accurate, and sensitive method has been developed for the quantitative determination of five fluoroquinolones (enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin) in edible animal tissues (muscle tissue, liver, kidney, and eggs). The separation was accomplished on an Inertsil (250 x 4 mm) C8, 5 microm, analytical column, at ambient temperature within 15 min. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of citric acid (0.4 mol L(-1))-CH3OH-CH3CN (87:9:4% v/v). UV detection at 275 nm yielded the following limits of detection: 100 pg per 20 microL injected volume for enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin, 20 pg for ofloxacin, and 200 pg for enrofloxacin. Peaks in real samples were identified by means of a photodiode array detector. The method was validated in terms of intra-day (n = 8) and inter-day (n = 8) precision and accuracy. Tissue samples were purified from endogenous interference by solid-phase extraction using Oasis HLB cartridges. The solid-phase extraction protocol was optimized in terms of retention and elution. Recovery rates at fortification levels of 40, 60, and 80 ng/g ranged from 82.5% to 111.1%. The applicability of the method was examined using real samples from a chicken treated orally with the five studied fluoroquinolones.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
authors.forename: Victoria F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Samanidou
authors.forename: Eleni A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Christodoulou
authors.forename: Ioannis N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Papadoyannis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002417:Cattle; D002645:Chickens; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones