title: Follow-up testing among children with elevated screening blood lead levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Follow-up testing after an abnormal screening blood lead level is a key component of lead poisoning prevention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To measure the proportion of children with elevated screening lead levels who have follow-up testing and to determine factors associated with such care.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, observational cohort study of 3682 Michigan Medicaid-enrolled children aged 6 years or younger who had a screening blood lead level of at least 10 microg/dL (0.48 micromol/L) between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testing within 180 days of an elevated screening lead level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Follow-up testing was received by 53.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52.2%-55.5%) of the children. In multivariate analysis adjusting for age, screening blood lead level results, and local health department catchment area, the relative risk of follow-up testing was lower for Hispanic or nonwhite children than for white children (0.91; 95% CI, 0.87-0.94), for children living in urban compared with rural areas (0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96), and for children living in high- compared with low-risk lead areas (0.94; 95% CI, 0.92-0.96). Among children who did not have follow-up testing, 58.6% (95% CI, 56.3%-61.0%) had at least 1 medical encounter in the 6-month period after the elevated screening blood lead level, including encounters for evaluation and management (39.3%; 95% CI, 36.9%-41.6%) or preventive care (13.2%; 95% CI, 11.6%-14.8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rate of follow-up testing after an abnormal screening blood lead level was low, and children with increased likelihood of lead poisoning were less likely to receive follow-up testing. At least half of the children had a missed opportunity for follow-up testing. The observed disparities of care may increase the burden of cognitive impairment among at-risk children.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Evaluation and Research Unit, Division of General Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA. kempera@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Alex R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Kemper
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Cohn
authors.forename: Kathryn E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Fant
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Dombkowski
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Hudson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood*; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008403:Mass Screening; D008824:Michigan; D020380:Needs Assessment; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007854:Lead