title: Early and long-term results of lung resection for non-small-cell lung cancer in patients with severe ventilatory impairment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study clinical characteristics, surgical treatment modalities, early and long-term outcome of patients with severe ventilatory impairment undergoing lung resection for NSCLC.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of clinical records of all patients with severe chronic ventilatory impairment (FEV1 and/or FVC< or =50% of predicted values) operated on for NSCLC in a 21-year period (1983-2003).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and six patients were operated on. Mean FEV1 and FVC were 40% (range 23-50%) and 69% (17-117%), respectively. An obstructive pattern was observed in 87 cases (82%). Extent of maximal exeresis was based on the assessment of predicted post-operative FEV1 (ppoFEV1). Major resections were contraindicated if ppoFEV1 was lower than 30%. Sixteen pneumonectomies, 73 lobectomies and 17 sublobar resections were carried out. Pathologic stages were I, II, IIIA and IIIB in 58, 26, 18 and 4 cases, respectively. Resection was complete in 104 patients. Operative mortality and morbidity were 8.5% (n=9) and 70% (n=74), respectively. Twenty-two patients needed prolonged (>48 h) mechanical ventilation. Overall mean ppoFEV1 loss was 9.1% (0-34%). If ppoFEV1 loss was >15%, the morbidity rate was 100%. Mean PaCO2 and ppoFEV1 loss were higher among patients who died (41 mmHg versus 37 mmHg, P=0.02 and 13.2% versus 8.5%, P=0.025, respectively) as compared with operative survivors. Among patients with PaCO2>39 mmHg and ppoFEV1 loss>15% (n=9), mortality rate was 33%. Overall 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 82 and 33%, respectively. Respiratory failure was the cause of late death in 2 patients. Among patients available at follow-up (n=85), respiratory function was considered subjectively improved, stable and worsened in 6 (7%), 62 (73%) and 17 (20%) cases, respectively. Eleven patients needed continuous oxygen therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lung resection should not be denied a priori in patients with severe ventilatory impairment. Evaluation of predicted post-operative function often allows major resections, which are functionally economic, at the price of a high operative morbidity. Operative mortality, long-term survival and respiratory function are acceptable in the absence of a valid therapeutic alternative.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Unité de Chirurgie Thoracique, 1 Place du Parvis Notre-Dame, 75004 Paris, France. pierre.magdeleinat@htd.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Magdeleinat
authors.forename: Agathe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alifano
authors.forename: Souheil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boubia
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Regnard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010102:Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; D018579:Patient Selection; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011184:Postoperative Period; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014797:Vital Capacity