title: Transforming growth factor {beta} (TGF-{beta})-Smad target gene protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa is required for TGF-{beta} function.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits proliferation and promotes cell migration. In TGF-beta-treated MCF10A mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2 and by chromatin immunoprecipitation, we identified novel Smad targets including protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type kappa (PTPRK). TGF-beta up-regulated PTPRK mRNA and RPTPkappa (receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa, the protein product encoded by the PTPRK gene) protein in tumor and nontumor mammary cells; HER2 overexpression down-regulated its expression. RNA interference (RNAi) of PTPRK accelerated cell cycle progression, enhanced response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), and abrogated TGF-beta-mediated antimitogenesis. Endogenous RPTPkappa associated with EGF receptor and HER2, resulting in suppression of basal and ErbB ligand-induced proliferation and receptor phosphorylation. In MCF10A/HER2 cells, TGF-beta enhanced cell motility, FAK phosphorylation, F-actin assembly, and focal adhesion formation and inhibited RhoA activity. These responses were abolished when RPTPkappa was eliminated by RNA interference (RNAi). In cells expressing RPTPkappa RNAi, phosphorylation of Src at Tyr527 was increased and (activating) phosphorylation of Src at Tyr416 was reduced. These data suggest that (i) RPTPkappa positively regulates Src; (ii) HER2 signaling and TGF-beta-induced RPTPkappa converge at Src, providing an adequate input for activation of FAK and increased cell motility and adhesion; and (iii) RPTPkappa is required for both the antiproliferative and the promigratory effects of TGF-beta.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2220 Pierce Ave., 777 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232-6307, USA.
authors.forename: Shizhen Emily
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Frederick Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Incheol
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Shimian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Qu
authors.forename: Carlos L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arteaga
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D034622:RNA Interference; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D054623:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 2; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D019061:src-Family Kinases; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; C489852:PTPRK protein, human