Massless gauge bosons other than the photon.
Gauge bosons associated with unbroken gauge symmetries, under which all standard model fields are singlets, may interact with ordinary matter via higher-dimensional operators. A complete set of dimension-six operators involving a massless U(1) field, gamma('), and standard model fields is presented. The mu-->egamma(') decay, primordial nucleosynthesis, star cooling, and other phenomena set lower limits on the scale of chirality-flip operators in the 1-15 TeV range if the operators have coefficients given by the corresponding Yukawa couplings. Simple renormalizable models induce gamma(') interactions with leptons or quarks at two loops, and may provide a cold dark matter candidate.
Dobrescu
Bogdan A
BA
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA.