title: Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) supplemented St. Thomas' hospital cardioplegic solution improves the antioxidant defense system of rat myocardium during ischemia-reperfusion injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardioplegic arrest remains the method of choice for myocardial protection in cardiac surgery. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) prevents lipid peroxidation induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury and has a potent antioxidant property. We investigated the advantages of CAPE supplemented cardioplegic solution (St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution No.: 2) on the antioxidant defense system of myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated rat hearts were mounted on a nonrecirculating type of Langendorff apparatus. The hearts were arrested for 60 min with cardioplegic solution given at 20-min intervals and then reperfused for 15 min. The hearts were divided into three groups. Cold saline (0.9%, 4 degrees C) in group 1, St. Thomas' Hospital solution in group 2 and CAPE added St. Thomas' Hospital solution in group 3 were used as the cardioplegic solution. Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution was used for reperfusion. The tissues were examined biochemically for oxidative stress.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences among the three groups existed in tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), catalase (CAT), Na+-K+ ATPase activity and in the concentrations of malonydealdehyde (MDA) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT). Group 2 showed significant changes in MPO (P = 0.04), Na+-K+ ATPase enzyme activity (P = 0.02) and the levels of MDA (P = 0.004) and 3-NT (P = 0.01) in comparison with group 1. Group 3 efficiently reduced MDA levels (P = 0.004) and also led to significant decrease in levels of MPO (P = 0.006), 3-NT (P = 0.01) and Na+-K+ ATPase activity (P = 0.01) and increase in the level of CAT (P = 0.004) in comparison with group 1. Significant changes were also found in the levels of MDA (P = 0.03), MPO (P = 0.04) and CAT (P = 0.009) in comparison between groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that the administration of CAPE into cardioplegic solutions improves the antioxidant defense system of rat heart during the ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Mersin University School of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kalp Damar Cerrahisi A.D., Zeytinlibahce Caddesi, 33079 Mersin, Turkey. mozeren@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ozeren
authors.forename: Nehir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sucu
authors.forename: Lülüfer
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.forename: Barlas
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Aytacoglu
authors.forename: Ozgür
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bayri
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Döndaş
authors.forename: Lokman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ayaz
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dikmengil
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002109:Caffeic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002109:Caffeic Acids; D002314:Cardioplegic Solutions; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; C055494:caffeic acid phenethyl ester; D010626:Phenylethyl Alcohol