title: Smoking cessation, lung function, and weight gain: a follow-up study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Only one population-based study in one country has reported effects of smoking cessation and weight change on lung function, and none has reported the net effect. We estimated the net benefit of smoking cessation, and the independent effects of smoking and weight change on change in ventilatory lung function in the international European Community Respiratory Health Survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  6654 participants in 27 centres had lung function measured in 1991-93, when aged 20-44 years, and in 1998-2002. Smoking information was obtained from detailed questionnaires. Changes in lung function were analysed by change in smoking and weight, adjusted for age and height, in men and women separately and together with interaction terms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those who had never smoked, decline in FEV1 was lower in male sustained quitters (mean difference 5.4 mL per year, 95% CI 1.7 to 9.1) and those who quit between surveys (2.5 mL, -1.9 to 7.0), and greater in smokers (-4.8 mL, -7.9 to -1.6). In women, estimates were 1.3 mL per year (-1.5 to 4.1), 2.8 mL (-0.8 to 6.3) and -5.1 mL (-7.5 to -2.8), respectively. These sex differences were not significant. FEV1 changed by -11.5 mL (-13.3 to -9.6) per kg weight gained in men, and by -3.7 mL per kg (-5.0 to -2.5) in women, which diminished the benefit of quitting by 38% in men, and by 17% in women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking cessation is beneficial for lung function, but maximum benefit needs control of weight gain, especially in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, King's College London, 5th Floor Capital House, 42 Weston Street, London SE1 3QD, UK. sue.chinn@kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chinn
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarvis
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Melotti
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Luczynska
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ackermann-Liebrich
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Antó
authors.forename: Isa
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cerveri
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Marco
authors.forename: Thorarinn
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gislason
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heinrich
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Janson
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Künzli
authors.forename: Bénédicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leynaert
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Neukirch
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: Jordi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sunyer
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Svanes
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vermeire
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wjst
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Burney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D013147:Spirometry; D014797:Vital Capacity; D015430:Weight Gain