title: Polystyrene-supported organotin dichloride as a recyclable catalyst in lactone ring-opening polymerization: assessment and catalysis monitoring by high-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy.
abstract: Dialkyltin dichloride grafted to a cross-linked polystyrene, with the formula [P-H]((1-t))[P-(CH2)nSnBuCl2]t (P=[CH2CH(pC6H4)], t=the degree of functionalization, and n=6 or 11), is investigated as a recyclable catalyst in the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of epsilon-caprolactone (CL). It is demonstrated that high-resolution magic-angle-spinning (HR-MAS) NMR spectroscopy is an invaluable tool to characterize completely the supported catalyst. The 2D 1H-13C HSQC HR-MAS spectrum, in particular, allowed extensive assignment of the 1H and 13C resonances, as well as accurate measurement of the (n)J((1)H-(117/119)Sn) and (n)J((13)C-(117/119)Sn) coupling constants. 1H and 119Sn HR-MAS NMR spectroscopy is presented as a monitoring tool for catalytic processes based on organotin compounds, particularly for the investigation of the extent to which polymerization residues are observable in situ in the material pores and for the assessment of the chemical integrity and recycling conditions of the grafted catalyst. From polymerization experiments with CL, initiated by n-propanol and with [P-H]((1-t))[P-(CH2)nSnBuCl2]t of various compositions as the supported catalyst, it appears that a partial 'burst' of the polystyrene support occurs when the length of the alkyl spacer is limited to n=6, as a result of polymer chains growing within the pores of the support. However, extension of the length of the aliphatic polymethylene spacer from 6 to 11 carbon atoms preserves the support integrity and allows the production of catalyst-deprived poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) oligomers. A preliminary attempt to recycle the heterogeneous catalyst has shown that very good reproducibility can be obtained, in terms of both catalyst activity and molecular-weight parameters of the as-recovered PCL polyester chains.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons-Hainaut, Place du Parc 20, 7000 Mons, Belgium.
authors.forename: Gaëlle
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deshayes
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poelmans
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verbruggen
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Camacho-Camacho
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Degée
authors.forename: Vanja
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pinoie
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Martial
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Piotto
authors.forename: Monique
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Biesemans
authors.forename: Rudolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Willem
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dubois