title: Effects of ethanol and water extracts of propolis (bee glue) on acute inflammatory animal models.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol (EEP) and water (WSD) extracts in ICR mice and Wistar rats were analyzed. Both WSD and EEP exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in animal models with respect to thoracic capillary vessel leakage in mice, carrageenan-induced oedema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, acute lung damage in rats. The mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effects probably involve decreasing prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)) and nitric oxide (NO) levels. In rats with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) induced arthritis, propolis extracts significantly inhibited the increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in inflamed tissues, but had no significant effect on levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The results are consistent with the interpretation that EEP and WSD may exert these effects by inhibiting the activation and differentiation of mononuclear macrophages.
authors.affiliation: College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China.
authors.forename: Fuliang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Hepburn
authors.forename: Yinghua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Radloff
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Daya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002351:Carrageenan; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000431:Ethanol; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010998:Pleurisy / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000431:Ethanol; D002351:Carrageenan; D005620:Freund's Adjuvant; D011429:Propolis