title: Application of water as a solvent in microwave-assisted extraction for analysis of PCBs and CBzs in fly ash.
abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorobenzenes (CBzs) are two classes of dioxin precursors formed in municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs); they produce negative health effects similar to those of dioxins. Reducing the analytical time required for determining the concentrations of these compounds in MSWIs is important for quickly evaluating their importance and assessing associated health risks. In the present study, water is used as a safe and environmentally friendly solvent in microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) for PCB and CBz analyses. MAE is compared with traditional Soxhlet extraction (SE) to determine the extraction efficiencies. The evaluation of extraction efficiencies shows that MAE has a high extraction efficiency compared with that of SE when water content is lower than 60%. Furthermore, the extraction time and organic solvent consumption are reduced with MAE compared with SE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urban & Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Yifei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaoka
authors.forename: Nobuo
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oshita
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002722:Chlorobenzenes / Q000032:analysis*; D060729:Coal Ash; D017745:Incineration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008872:Microwaves; D052638:Particulate Matter; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002722:Chlorobenzenes; D060729:Coal Ash; D007220:Industrial Waste; D052638:Particulate Matter; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls