title: Application of hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction for the determination of insecticides in water.
abstract: In the present work, a novel sample pre-treatment technique for the determination of trace concentrations of some insecticide compounds in aqueous samples has been developed and applied to the determination of the selected analytes in environmental water samples. The extraction procedure is based on coupling polypropylene hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) with gas chromatography by flame thermionic detection (GC-FTD). For the development of the method, seven organophosphorous insecticides (dichlorvos, mevinphos-cis, ethoprophos, chlorpyrifos methyl, phenthoate, methidathion and carbofenothion) and one carbamate (carbofuran) were considered as target analytes. Several factors that influence the efficiency of HF-LPME were investigated and optimized including agitation, organic solvent, sample volume, exposure time, salt additives and pH. The optimized methodology exhibited good linearity with correlation coefficient = 0.990. The analytical precision for the target analytes ranged from 4.3 to 11.1 for within-day variation and 4.6 to 12.0% for between-day variation. The detection limits for all analytes were found in the range from 0.001 to 0.072 microg/L, well below the limits established by the EC Drinking Water Directive (EEC 80/778). Relative recoveries obtained by the proposed method from drinking and river water samples ranged from 80 to 104% with coefficient of variations ranging from 4.5 to 10.7%. The present methodology is easy, rapid, sensitive and requires small sample volumes to screen environmental water samples for insecticide residues.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece. dlambro@cc.uoi.gr
authors.forename: Dimitra A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lambropoulou
authors.forename: Triantafyllos A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Albanis
mesh_terms: D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical