title: Reparative properties of a commercial fish protein hydrolysate preparation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A partially hydrolysed and dried product of pacific whiting fish is currently marketed as a health food supplement to support "intestinal health". However, there has been only limited scientific study regarding its true biological activity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We therefore tested its efficacy in a variety of models of epithelial injury and repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Effects on proliferation were determined using [(3)H] thymidine incorporation into epithelial rat intestinal RIE-1 and human colonic HT29 cells. Effects on restitution (cell migration) were analysed using wounded HT29 monolayers and its ability to influence gastric injury analysed using a rat indomethacin restraint model. Partial characterisation of bioactive agents was performed using mass spectroscopy, high pressure liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both cell proliferation and cell migration were increased by about threefold when added at 1 mg/ml (p<0.01). Gastric injury was reduced by 59% when gavaged at 25 mg/ml (p<0.05), results similar to using the potent cytoprotective agent epidermal growth factor at 12.5 mug/ml. The vast majority of biological activity was soluble in ethanol, with glutamine in its single, di-, and tripeptide forms probably accounting for approximately 40% of the total bioactivity seen. Fatty acid constituents may also have contributed to cell migratory activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fish protein hydrolysate possesses biological activity when analysed in a variety of models of injury and repair and could provide a novel inexpensive approach for the prevention and treatment of the injurious effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other ulcerative conditions of the bowel. Further studies appear justified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Ducane Rd, London W12 0NN, UK. r.playford@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Rai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Marchbank
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ritz
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Playford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005285:Fermentation; D005396:Fish Products; D058870:Food, Organic; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011492:Protein Hydrolysates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D011492:Protein Hydrolysates; D005973:Glutamine