title: Treatment of periorbital rhytids with botulinum toxin type A: maximizing safety and results.
abstract: Botulinum toxin type A is widely used for treatment of facial rhytids, often in an "off-label" fashion. Important mechanisms of action and safety concerns for such treatments are presented along with recommendations for treatment of periorbital rhytids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02446, USA. Jeffrey.Spiegel@bmc.org
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Spiegel
mesh_terms: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003357:Cosmetic Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005123:Eye; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D012060:Rejuvenation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015595:Skin Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A