title: The CERN Large Hadron Collider as a tool to study high-energy density matter.
abstract: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN will generate two extremely powerful 7 TeV proton beams. Each beam will consist of 2808 bunches with an intensity per bunch of 1.15x10(11) protons so that the total number of protons in one beam will be about 3x10(14) and the total energy will be 362 MJ. Each bunch will have a duration of 0.5 ns and two successive bunches will be separated by 25 ns, while the power distribution in the radial direction will be Gaussian with a standard deviation, sigma=0.2 mm. The total duration of the beam will be about 89 mus. Using a 2D hydrodynamic code, we have carried out numerical simulations of the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic response of a solid copper target that is irradiated with one of the LHC beams. These calculations show that only the first few hundred proton bunches will deposit a high specific energy of 400 kJ/g that will induce exotic states of high energy density in matter.
authors.affiliation: Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany.
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kain
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shutov
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Lomonosov
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gryaznov
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Piriz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temporal
authors.forename: D H H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Fortov