title: Burn scar neoplasms: a literature review and statistical analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common burn scar neoplasm, other neoplasms have also been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compile the burn scar neoplasm cases in the literature and to analyze their frequency and demographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cases were obtained through literature searches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 412 cases gleaned from 146 articles between 1923 and 2004. Seventy-one percent (293) of the tumors were squamous cell carcinoma, 12% (48) were basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 6% (23) were melanoma, 5% (21) were sarcoma, 4% (16) were other neoplasms, 1% (6) were squamo-basal cell carcinoma, and 1% (5) squamous cell-melanoma. The mean age at tumor diagnosis was 50 years, the mean age at the time of burn injury was 20 years, the mean latency interval was 31 years. Only 5% of the reported cases were excised and grafted at the time of injury (p<0.001). BCC occurred at a significantly later age compared to SCC and sarcoma groups (p<0.02) and had a shorter latency period compared to SCC and sarcoma groups (p<0.004) and melanoma (p<0.008). Local recurrence was present in 16% of the cases, while regional lymph node involvement was seen in 22% of the cases and distant metastases was present in 14% of the patients. The mortality rate was 21%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the main burn scar neoplasm was SCC, other neoplasms contributed to the morbidity and mortality of burn patients. Excision and grafting of deep burns, and close follow-up of non-healing ulcerated burn scars is essential for the prevention and early detection of burn scar neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Sumner L. Koch Burn Center, Department of Trauma, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, 1901 West Harrison Street, Room 3229, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. akvern@comcast.net
authors.forename: Areta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kowal-Vern
authors.forename: Bryan K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Criswell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D002056:Burns / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008545:Melanoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D017169:Neoplasms, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D012509:Sarcoma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality