title: Substance P upregulates osteoclastogenesis by activating nuclear factor kappa B in osteoclast precursors.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  SP upregulates osteoclastogenesis by activating NF-kappaB in osteoclast precursors.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Osteoclastic bone resorption is a common finding of otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. Factors upregulating osteoclastogenesis are implicated in bone resorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substance P (SP) on mouse osteoclastogenesis in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  The SP dose response was analyzed in a mouse osteoclast culture induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator for nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand. Western blot analysis was performed to elucidate the subcellular target of SP in osteoclastogenesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Treatment with SP significantly increased osteoclastogenesis compared to control. SP activated nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, which is an essential event in osteoclastogenesis in osteoclast precursors (bone marrow macrophages).
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea. sjsohn@cu.ac.kr
authors.forename: Soo Joon
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Sohn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000503:physiopathology*; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D013373:Substance P; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor