title: Ionic liquid for high temperature headspace liquid-phase microextraction of chlorinated anilines in environmental water samples.
abstract: Based on the non-volatility of room temperature ionic liquids (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4MIM][PF6]) IL was employed as an advantageous extraction solvent for high temperature headspace liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) of chloroanilines in environmental water samples. At high temperature of 90 degrees C, 4-chloroaniline, 2-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and 2,4-dichloroaniline were extracted into a 10 microl drop of [C4MIM][PF6] suspended on the needle of a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) microsyringe held at the headspace of the samples. Then, the IL was injected directly into the HPLC system for determination. Parameters related to LPME were optimized, and high selectivity and low detection limits of the four chlorinated anilines were obtained because the extraction was performed at high temperature in headspace mode and the very high affinity between IL and chlorinated anilines. The proposed procedure was applied for the analysis of the real samples including tap water, river water and wastewater samples from a petrochemical plant and a printworks, and only 3,4-dichloroaniline was detected in the printworks wastewater at 88.2 microg l(-1) level. The recoveries for the four chlorinated anilines in the four samples were all in the range of 81.9-99.6% at 25 microg l(-1) spiked level.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Jin-feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Jing-fu
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gui-bin
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Min-jia
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007093:Imidazoles; D008832:Microchemistry / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: C412621:1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D007093:Imidazoles; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C054619:2,4-dichloroaniline; C014464:3,4-dichloroaniline; C025257:2-chloroaniline; C004658:4-chloroaniline