Stereotypy I: a review of behavioral assessment and treatment.
In this paper, we review definitional issues related to stereotypy, behavioral interpretations of stereotypy, procedures for determining operant function(s) of stereotypy, and behavioral interventions for stereotypy. In general, a preponderance of the assessment literature suggests that most forms of stereotypy are maintained by automatic reinforcement. Review of the treatment literature suggests that antecedent (e.g., environmental enrichment) and consequent (e.g., differential reinforcement of alternative behavior) interventions produce at least short-term reductions in stereotypy. Suggestions for further assessment and treatment of stereotypy are provided.
Rapp
John T
JT
Texana MHMR, Behavior Treatment and Training Center, 1818 Collins Road, Richmond, TX 77469, USA. john.rapp@texanamhmr.com
Vollmer
Timothy R
TR
D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D011678:Punishment; D012054:Reinforcement, Psychology; D012931:Social Environment; D019956:Stereotypic Movement Disorder / Q000628:therapy*