title: A simple biofilter for treatment of pig slurry in Malaysia.
abstract: On commercial pig production farms in South East (SE) Asia, the liquid effluent is often discharged into rivers. The discharge is a hazard to the environment and to the health of people using water from the river either for consumption or for irrigation. Therefore, a simple percolation biofilter for treatment of the liquid effluent was developed. Pig slurry was treated in test-biofilters packed with different biomass for the purpose of selecting the most efficient material, thereafter the efficiency of the biofilter was examined at farm scale with demo biofilters using the most efficient material. The effect of using "Effective Microorganisms" (EM) added to slurry that was treated with biofilter material mixed with Glenor KR+ was examined. Slurry treatment in the test-biofilters indicated that rice straw was better than coconut husks, wood shavings, rattan strips and oil palm fronds in reducing BOD. Addition of EM and Glenor KR+ to slurry and biofilter material, respectively, had no effect on the temperature of the biofilter material or on the concentrations of organic and inorganic components of the treated slurry. The BOD of slurry treated in test biofilters is reduced to between 80 and 637 mg O2 I(-1) and in the demo biofilter to between 3094 and 3376 mg O2 l(-1). The concentration of BOD in the effluent is related to the BOD in the slurry being treated and the BOD concentration in slurry treated in test biofilters was lower than BOD of slurry treated in demo biofilters. The demo biofilter can reduce BOD to between 52 an 56% of the original value, and TSS, COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonium (NH4+) to 41-55% of the original slurry. The treated effluent could not meet the standards for discharge to rivers. The composted biofilter material has a high content of nitrogen and phosphorus; consequently, the fertilizer value of the compost is high. The investments costs were 123 US dollar per SPP which has to be reduced if this method should be a treatment option in practise.
authors.affiliation: Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Research Centre Bygholm, PO Box 536, DK-8700 Horsens, Denmark.
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Sommer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mathanpaal
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Dass
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018533:Biomass; D005374:Filtration; D008296:Malaysia; D008372:Manure; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012037:Refuse Disposal / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D008372:Manure; D010100:Oxygen