title: Identifying optimal agricultural countermeasure strategies for a hypothetical contamination scenario using the strategy model.
abstract: A spatially implemented model designed to assist the identification of optimal countermeasure strategies for radioactively contaminated regions is described. Collective and individual ingestion doses for people within the affected area are estimated together with collective exported ingestion dose. A range of countermeasures are incorporated within the model, and environmental restrictions have been included as appropriate. The model evaluates the effectiveness of a given combination of countermeasures through a cost function which balances the benefit obtained through the reduction in dose with the cost of implementation. The optimal countermeasure strategy is the combination of individual countermeasures (and when and where they are implemented) which gives the lowest value of the cost function. The model outputs should not be considered as definitive solutions, rather as interactive inputs to the decision making process. As a demonstration the model has been applied to a hypothetical scenario in Cumbria (UK). This scenario considered a published nuclear power plant accident scenario with a total deposition of 1.7x10(14), 1.2x10(13), 2.8x10(10) and 5.3x10(9)Bq for Cs-137, Sr-90, Pu-239/240 and Am-241, respectively. The model predicts that if no remediation measures were implemented the resulting collective dose would be approximately 36 000 person-Sv (predominantly from 137Cs) over a 10-year period post-deposition. The optimal countermeasure strategy is predicted to avert approximately 33 000 person-Sv at a cost of approximately 160 million pounds. The optimal strategy comprises a mixture of ploughing, AFCF (ammonium-ferric hexacyano-ferrate) administration, potassium fertiliser application, clean feeding of livestock and food restrictions. The model recommends specific areas within the contaminated area and time periods where these measures should be implemented.
authors.affiliation: Division of Agricultural and Environmental Science, School of Bioscience, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Beresford
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Farizo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Oughton
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kis
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eged
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thørring
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Barnett
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: N M J
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Crout
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D005295:Ferrocyanides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005308:Fertilizers; D020387:Food Chain; D005507:Food Contamination, Radioactive / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D011050:Policy Making; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D017751:Safety Management / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000639:trends; D013997:Time Factors; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D005295:Ferrocyanides; D005308:Fertilizers; C056252:ammonium iron (III) hexacyanoferrate