title: Effect of oxidative stress and exogenous beta-carotene on sclerotial differentiation and carotenoid yield of Penicillium sp. PT95.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of oxidative stress and exogenous beta-carotene on sclerotial differentiation and carotenoid yield of Penicillium sp. PT95.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this experiment, high oxidative stress was applied by inclusion of FeCl(3) (10 micromol l(-1)) in the growth medium and by light exposure. Low oxidative stress was applied by omitting iron from the growth medium and by incubation in the dark. Supplementation of exogenous beta-carotene (as antioxidant) to the basal medium caused a concentration-dependent delay of sclerotial differentiation (up to 72 h), decrease of sclerotial biomass (up to 43%) and reduction of carotenoid yield (up to 92%). On the contrary, the exogenous beta-carotene also caused a concentration-dependent decrease of lipid peroxidation in colonies of this fungus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under high oxidative stress growth condition, the sclerotial biomass and carotenoid yield of PT95 strain in each plate culture reached 141 mg and 30.03 microg, which were 1.53 and 3.51 times higher respectively, than that at low oxidative stress growth condition.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data prompted us to consider that in order to attain higher sclerotial biomass and pigment yield, the strain PT95 should be grown under high oxidative stress and in the absence of antioxidants.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Science and Technology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China. hjr@sxu.edu.cn
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Y Y
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Yuan
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018533:Biomass; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D008027:Light; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010407:Penicillium / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002712:Chlorides; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D019207:beta Carotene; D002338:Carotenoids; C024555:ferric chloride