title: Titan's atmospheric temperatures, winds, and composition.
abstract: Temperatures obtained from early Cassini infrared observations of Titan show a stratopause at an altitude of 310 kilometers (and 186 kelvin at 15 degrees S). Stratospheric temperatures are coldest in the winter northern hemisphere, with zonal winds reaching 160 meters per second. The concentrations of several stratospheric organic compounds are enhanced at mid- and high northern latitudes, and the strong zonal winds may inhibit mixing between these latitudes and the rest of Titan. Above the south pole, temperatures in the stratosphere are 4 to 5 kelvin cooler than at the equator. The stratospheric mole fractions of methane and carbon monoxide are (1.6 +/- 0.5) x 10(-2) and (4.5 +/- 1.5) x 10(-5), respectively.
authors.forename: F M
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authors.lastname: Achterberg
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authors.lastname: Bjoraker
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authors.lastname: Romani
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authors.lastname: Simon-Miller
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authors.lastname: Bézard
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authors.lastname: Coustenis
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authors.lastname: Irwin
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authors.lastname: Carlson
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authors.lastname: Mamoutkine
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authors.lastname: Schinder
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authors.lastname: Barucci
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authors.lastname: Courtin
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authors.lastname: Fouchet
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authors.lastname: Gautier
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authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lellouch
authors.forename: A
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authors.lastname: Marten
authors.forename: R
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authors.lastname: Prangé
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authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vinatier
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authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: S B
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authors.lastname: Calcutt
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authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: F W
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authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: N
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authors.lastname: Bowles
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Samuelson
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Orton
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Spilker
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authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Owen
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authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Showalter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Abbas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raulin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Edgington
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authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ade
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authors.lastname: Wishnow
mesh_terms: D001272:Atmosphere; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D008697:Methane; D009570:Nitriles; D018539:Saturn; D018531:Spacecraft; D013696:Temperature; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D006838:Hydrocarbons; D009570:Nitriles; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D008697:Methane