title: Effect of light-tip distance on the shear bond strengths of composite resin.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of light-tip distance on the shear bond strength and failure site of brackets cured with three different light curing units: a high-intensity halogen (Astralis 10, 10-second curing), a light-emitting diode (LED, e-Light, six-second curing), and a plasma arc (PAC System, four-second curing). One hundred and thirty-five bovine permanent mandibular incisors were randomly allocated to nine groups of 15 specimens each. Stainless steel brackets were bonded with a composite resin to the teeth, and each curing light was tested at zero, three, and six mm from the bracket. After bonding, all samples were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours and subsequently tested for shear bond strength. When the three light curing units were compared at a light-tip distance of zero mm, the three lights showed no significantly different shear bond strengths. At light-tip distances of three and six mm, no significant differences were found between the halogen and plasma arc lights, but both lights showed significantly higher shear bond strengths than the LED light. When evaluating the effect of the light-tip distance on each light curing unit, the halogen light showed no significant differences between the three distances. However, the LED light produced significantly lower shear bond strengths at a greater light-tip distance, and the plasma arc lamp showed significantly higher shear bond strengths at a greater light-tip distance. In hard-to-reach areas, the use of PAC system is suggested, whereas the LED evaluated in this study is not recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. vcacciafesta@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cacciafesta
authors.forename: Maria Francesca
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sfondrini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scribante
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boehme
authors.forename: Paul-Georg
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jost-Brinkmann
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000269:Adhesives / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D007180:Incisor; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D016910:Orthodontic Brackets; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects*; D033081:Shear Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011140:Polyurethanes