Quantification of phenolic metabolites of environmental chemicals in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification.
We have developed a method to measure 12 urinary phenolic metabolites of pesticides or related chemicals. The target chemicals for our method are 2-isopropoxyphenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; carbofuranphenol; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; para-nitrophenol, ortho-phenylphenol, pentachlorophenol, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol. The sample preparation involves enzyme hydrolysis, isolation of the target chemicals using solid phase extraction cartridges, a phase-transfer catalyzed derivatization, cleanup using sorbent-immobilized liquid/liquid extraction cartridges, and concentration of the sample. Derivatized samples are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy using isotope dilution calibration for quantification. The limits of detection are in the mid ng/L range and the average coefficient of variation was below 15% for most of the analytes. Using our method, we measured concentrations of the target chemicals in urine samples from the general population.
Bravo
Roberto
R
National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy., NE, Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Caltabiano
Lisa M
LM
Fernandez
Carolina
C
Smith
Kimberly D
KD
Gallegos
Maribel
M
Whitehead
Ralph D
RD
Weerasekera
Gayanga
G
Restrepo
Paula
P
Bishop
Amanda M
AM
Perez
José J
JJ
Needham
Larry L
LL
Barr
Dana B
DB
D002138:Calibration; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes; D010636:Phenols / Q000652:urine*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
D007554:Isotopes; D010636:Phenols