title: Contaminant loads and hematological correlates in the harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) of San Francisco Bay, California.
abstract: An expanding body of research indicates that exposure to contaminants may impact marine mammal health, thus possibly contributing to population declines. The harbor seal population of the San Francisco Bay (SFB), California, has suffered habitat loss and degradation, including decades of environmental contamination. To explore the possibility of contaminant-induced health alterations in this population, blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were quantified in free-ranging seals; relationships between contaminant exposure and several key hematological parameters were examined; and PCB levels in the present study were compared with levels determined in SFB seals a decade earlier. PCB residues in harbor seal blood decreased during the past decade, but remained at levels great enough that adverse reproductive and immunological effects might be expected. Main results included a positive association between leukocyte counts and PBDEs, PCBs, and DDE in seals, and an inverse relationship between red blood cell count and PBDEs. Although not necessarily pathologic, these responses may serve as sentinel indications of contaminant-induced alterations in harbor seals of SFB, which, in individuals with relatively high contaminant burdens, might include increased rates of infection and anemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA. jcneale@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: J C C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Neale
authors.forename: F M D
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gulland
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Schmelzer
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Greig
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Grigg
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Tjeerdema
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D046049:Phoca / Q000097:blood*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000097:blood*; D012495:San Francisco; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls