title: The effect of hospital volume on cancer control after radical prostatectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For complex oncological procedures, hospital volume affects short and long-term patient outcome. We examined the association of hospital volume and long-term cancer control after radical prostatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a cohort study design, we used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare linked files to identify a population based sample of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer treated primarily with radical prostatectomy. Failure of cancer control was defined as the use of postoperative medical or surgical hormone ablation or treatment with radiation therapy more than 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 12,635 men underwent radical prostatectomy for incident prostate cancer. After adjusting for age, comorbidity, histological grade and clinical stage, the risk of adjuvant therapy was greater among those treated at low (1 to 33 cases) and medium (34 to 61 cases) volume hospitals than at very high (more than 108 cases) volume hospitals (HR 1.25, p <0.001 and HR 1.11, p =0.023 respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients treated at lower volume institutions are at increased risk of initiation of subsequent adjuvant therapy with radiation therapy, medical hormone ablation or orchiectomy. Noted differences in cancer control provide additional evidence regarding issues surrounding the debate over surgical volume standards for the surgical treatment of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Trock
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Poe
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Partin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006276:Health Facility Size / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019233:Retreatment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018426:SEER Program; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016019:Survival Analysis; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists