title: Improved oral hygiene and Candida species colonization level in geriatric patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This work consists in improving oral hygiene (OH) for elderly dependent people in long-term hospital care, in order to decrease the degree of colonization and the associated risk of developing oral candidiasis. As this population frequently suffers from such colonization and because it is difficult to install and practice OH care, a study protocol was designed at the request of geriatricians. The objective of the present study was to set up a programme of OH, applied by the care staff, and to monitor oral colonization of by Candida spp.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the levels of hygiene and Candida spp. colonization for a group of 110 long-term patients in geriatric departments at T1, when clinical data were collected and oral mycological samples taken before the OH protocol was applied, and at T2, during the postprotocol phase after 3 months of application, when the clinical data and sample collection were repeated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During these 3 months 11 patients died. These patients were excluded from the results, which are presented for matched series of the 99 patients still present at T2. Statistical analysis comparing the clinical and biological parameters at T1 and T2 established that there had been an improvement in OH: the 'adequate' level was reached for 72.4% of patients at T2 compared with 41.8% at T1 (P < 0.001) and the 'very inadequate' level was observed for 9.2% at T2 compared with 27.9% at T1 (P < 0.01). A reduction was observed in the number of patients showing the highest degree of C. albicans and C. glabrata colonization (> 50 colony forming units) from 41.9% at T1 to 24.9% at T2 (P < 0.05) and from 56.4% at T1 to 13.0% at T2 (P < 0.05) respectively. The number of patients with candidiasis fell significantly from 43.2% at T1 to 10.2% at T2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The OH protocol led to an overall decrease in Candida spp. colonization, a significant reduction in the number of candidiasis and an improvement in the level of oral and denture hygiene but vigilance is still necessary concerning OH care and the initial training of staff in specific care of the mouth.
authors.affiliation: Odontology Department, Hôtel-Dieu Saint-Jacques University Hospital, Toulouse Cedex, France. annemarie.grimoud@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Grimoud
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Lodter
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Marty
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrieu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bocquet
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Linas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rumeau
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Cazard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002175:Candida / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000193:education*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000379:methods*