title: Double-blind placebo controlled study of alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists (doxazosin) for treatment of voiding dysfunction in the pediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine whether the alpha-adrenergic antagonist doxazosin could be used as primary therapy in children with voiding dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Children were assigned to maintain a voiding diary and then randomly divided into a double-blind placebo controlled protocol (0.5 mg doxazosin or placebo). Duplicate uroflow studies with post-void residual evaluations and assessment of dysfunctional voiding scores were performed on initiation and completion of the study. At the conclusion parents were asked to rank the perceived improvement of the urinary incontinence (ie parental subjective perception of improvement).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences between doxazosin (18) and placebo (20) treated patients were found in the number of incontinent days per week, severity of incontinent episodes or alterations in uroflow patterns. Although not significant, 2 findings suggested a beneficial effect of doxazosin over placebo. Specifically, doxazosin decreased the number of incontinent episodes weekly from a median of 18 to 4, while the number of incontinent episodes weekly in the placebo group remained essentially unchanged, decreasing from 15 to 14 (p = 0.13). Doxazosin also improved the dysfunctional voiding scores over placebo, for an improvement of -3 vs 0 points. Further substantiating a doxazosin effect over placebo was the subjective perception of the parents that doxazosin significantly improved urinary continence (p <0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared to placebo, doxazosin did not demonstrate a significant objective benefit, but produced a significant subjective benefit in the treatment of urinary incontinence secondary to voiding dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Rathbun
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elkins
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Karnes
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Husmann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017292:Doxazosin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D017292:Doxazosin