title: Benign intradural extramedullary masses in children of northern India.
abstract: Twenty-five children with benign intradural extramedullary tumors/lesions were retrospectively analyzed to see the frequency of different histotypes in this location and their variation from the Western world. The duration of symptoms, clinical profile and surgical outcome of these cases were evaluated. The age of children ranged from 1.5 to 18 years, with a mean age of 7.5 years. Thirteen amongst them were male. Follow-up ranged from 3 months to 5 years with a mean of 19 months. McCormick functional grading was used retrospectively to find out the functional outcome in these children. Sixty-eight percent of these cases presented with functional grade IV or V. The mean duration from the appearance of the first symptoms to admission to our hospital in these children was 13 months. Improvement in the functional grade following surgical excision was noted amongst all, except one, who presented with schwannoma, and did not improve from grade III even after a 14-month follow-up. Reoperation/two-staged operation was required in 3 children. The following conclusions were drawn from this study: (1) approximately half (48%) of intradural extramedullary benign tumors are nerve sheath tumors, i.e. neurofibromas, neurilemomas and schwannomas. Giant neurofibromas with giant extraforaminal extension may rarely manifest with a large extraspinal mass; (2) meningioma is an infrequent tumor in this location; (3) developmental cystic dysraphic lesions (neurenteric cyst, arachnoid cysts), unassociated with the stigmata of spinal dysraphism, are significantly more frequent (28%) than reported in the literature; (4) the possibility of infective lesions (granuloma, abscess) causing compressive features cannot be denied even in intradural extramedullary tumors; (5) long-standing lesions, with a long segment involvement, also have a good outcome following a good microsurgical excision, and (6) more than half of the children (68%) present with a severe neurological compromise, either because of ignorance and poor education or due to the scanty diagnostic facilities available at the peripheral hospitals of the developing milieu.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India. rajkumar@sgpgi.ac.in
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Vinita
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020863:Central Nervous System Cysts / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D020802:Epidural Abscess / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006099:Granuloma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008579:Meningioma / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018317:Nerve Sheath Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome