title: Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Calcaneal fractures comprise 1 to 2 percent of all fractures. Approximately 75% of calcaneal fractures are intra-articular. The management of intra-articular calcaneal fractures remains controversial. Nonoperative treatment options include elevation, ice, early mobilization, and cyclic compression of the plantar arch. Operative treatment options include closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation, open reduction and internal fixation, and arthrodesis. The effect of operative versus nonoperative treatment has been the focus of several comparative studies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the effect of operative treatment compared with nonoperative treatment on the rate of union, complications, and functional outcome after intra-articular calcaneal fracture in adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hamilton Health Sciences-General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Sohail
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bajammal
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tornetta
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Mohit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhandari
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000293:injuries*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007103:Immobilization; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000534:rehabilitation* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013640:Tarsal Joints / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries; D016896:Treatment Outcome