title: Geldanamycin, a potent and specific inhibitor of Hsp90, inhibits gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus.
abstract: The effect of geldanamycin (GA), a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), on gene expression and replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was studied in human embryonic lung (HEL) fibroblasts. Kinetic analysis indicated that GA delayed synthesis of major immediate early (MIE), early and late viral proteins, and blocked a second tier of the synthesis of these proteins that occurred in untreated cells after 48 h post-infection (pi). Moreover, when HCMV-infected HEL cells were maintained with medium containing 40 nM GA for 6 days, with medium changes at 2-day intervals, the virus yield was reduced to an undetectable level. On a molecular level, the cellular kinase Akt and the transcription factor NFkappaB were activated in HCMV-infected cells within 30 min pi. NFkappaB was shown to be essential for MIE gene expression. However, in GA-treated cells, activation of both Akt and NFkappaB was greatly inhibited. Because LY294002, an inhibitor of cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), also prohibited HCMV-mediated activation of Akt and NFkappaB and synthesis of the MIE proteins, PI3-K signalling was necessary for expressing the MIE genes. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of GA on HCMV replication is primarily caused by the disruption of the PI3-K signalling pathway, leading to the activation of NFkappaB, which plays a crucial role in expression of the critical MIE genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Science, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Basha
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uhara
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imazu
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uechi
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / Q000187:drug effects*; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006801:Humans; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011809:Quinones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016227:Benzoquinones; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D047029:Lactams, Macrocyclic; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011809:Quinones; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000097782:NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; C069186:IE2 protein, Cytomegalovirus; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C001277:geldanamycin