title: Microscopical advances in assisted reproduction.
abstract: In a series of papers carried out by this laboratory it was demonstrated that the quality of sterile males sperm, assessed submicroscopically and mathematically, is closely correlated with the success of the various procedures of assisted reproduction. If we attempt to select hypothetically optimal spermatozoa destined to the ICSI by light inverted microscopy, a considerable amount of ultrastructural information is lost and our selection is merely based on the motility. In this study we apply polarization microscopy to the ICSI technique, introducing polarizing and analyzing lenses in an inverted microscope model, operating in a transparent container. The retardation of the birefringence in the various organelles is evaluated by compensators, and the images are transmitted to a video system, and stored in a computer. Spermatozoa are maintained alive and perfectly motile in this polarizing inverted microscope, and the character of the birefringence is the same as in fixed and sectioned biological material examined by polarization microscopy. The birefringence of the sperm structures allows a sperm analysis closer to TEM than to phase contrast light microscopy analysis.
authors.affiliation: Section of Applied Biology, University of Siena, Referral Regional Center on Male Infertility, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy. baccetti@unisi.it
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baccetti
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000648:ultrastructure*