title: Barriers to managing pain in the nursing home: findings from a statewide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to identify pain management demographics, perceived resources, and perceived barriers to adequately manage pain in the nursing home setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mailed survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  All licensed Connecticut nursing homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Directors of Nursing (DONs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Survey eliciting pain management demographics, perceived resources, and perceived barriers to adequately manage pain in respondents' nursing home.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 113 of 260 DONs (43%) responded to the survey. Respondents believed pain was suboptimally managed, particularly for residents with malignant and nonmalignant chronic pain. Perceived barriers to providing adequate pain management included lack of knowledge about pain management among nurses and physicians, lack of a standardized approach to treating pain, physicians' personal attitudes toward treating pain (eg, fear of addiction or overdose), lack of diagnostic precision in treating pain, and difficulty in choosing the right analgesic. Other barriers are also discussed, including low hospice enrollment of nursing home residents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Improving pain management in nursing homes requires improving provider knowledge and attitudes, enhancing diagnostic precision, standardizing pain treatment, and achieving an institutional commitment. Although responding DONs seemed aware of the need for improved pain management outcomes at their facilities, the required institutional commitment to accomplish this was not evidenced by these findings.
authors.affiliation: Law and Health Care Program, University of Maryland School of Law, Baltimore, MD 21201-1786, USA. atarzian@law.umaryland.edu
authors.forename: Anita J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Tarzian
authors.forename: Diane E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003237:Connecticut; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006707:Homes for the Aged / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care / Q000592:standards; D009735:Nursing Homes / Q000592:standards*; D009740:Nursing Staff / Q000193:education; D016134:Organizational Policy; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic