title: Integration of cell membranes and nanotube transistors.
abstract: We report the integration of a complex biological system and a nanoelectronic device, demonstrating that both components retain their functionality while interacting with each other. As the biological system, we use the cell membrane of Halobacterium salinarum. As the nanoelectronic device, we use a nanotube network transistor, which incorporates many individual nanotubes in such a way that entire patches of cell membrane are contacted by nanotubes. We demonstrate that the biophysical properties of the membrane are preserved, that the nanoelectronic devices still function as transistors, and that the two systems interact. Further, we use the interaction to study the charge distribution in the biological system, finding that the electric dipole of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin is located 2/3 of the way from the extracellular to the cytoplasmic side.
authors.affiliation: Nanomix Inc., Emeryville, California 94608, USA.
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Alona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe P
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grüner
mesh_terms: D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001701:Bionics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D019617:Halobacterium salinarum / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D018511:Systems Integration; D014173:Transistors, Electronic
chemical_list: D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins