title: Adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity: a national birth cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess adult socioeconomic, educational, social, and psychological outcomes of childhood obesity by using nationally representative data.
  
  
  METHODS
  1970 British birth cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  16,567 babies born in Great Britain 5-11 April 1970 and followed up at 5, 10, and 29-30 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Obesity at age 10 and 30 years. Self reported socioeconomic, educational, psychological, and social outcomes at 30 years. Odds ratios were calculated for the risk of each adult outcome associated with obesity in childhood only, obesity in adulthood only, and persistent child and adult obesity, compared with those obese at neither period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 8490 participants with data on body mass index at 10 and 30 years, 4.3% were obese at 10 years and 16.3% at 30 years. Obesity in childhood only was not associated with adult social class, income, years of schooling, educational attainment, relationships, or psychological morbidity in either sex after adjustment for confounding factors. Persistent obesity was not associated with any adverse adult outcomes in men, though it was associated among women with a higher risk of never having been gainfully employed (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.3) and not having a current partner (2.0, 1.3 to 3.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Obesity limited to childhood has little impact on adult outcomes. Persistent obesity in women is associated with poorer employment and relationship outcomes. Efforts to reduce the socioeconomic and psychosocial burden of obesity in adult life should focus on prevention of the persistence of obesity from childhood into adulthood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, London NW3 2PF. R.Viner@ich.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Russell M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Viner
authors.forename: Tim J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Cole
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology