title: Extent and determinants of physician participation in expert witness testimony.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the recent past, law firms have had difficulties in finding physicians to review malpractice cases and serve as expert witnesses. Over the last few years, however, many clinicians have had a decline in their income, causing some physicians to seek alternative sources of revenue such as the review of legal cases. The purpose of this study was to qualify and quantify the extent of physician participation in legal activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a survey of 1,000 Maryland internal medicine physicians. The survey consisted of 24 items designed to collect information on demographics, practice patterns, income variables, and participation in legal review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-four percent of our respondents reported engaging in expert witness testimony/review to supplement their incomes. Engagement was significantly associated with internal medicine sub-specialty practice, academic practice, a self-perception that personal income was higher than the income of colleagues, and being in practice for 11 to 20 years. Economic factors were not found to be associated with engaging in these activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physician participation in legal review and expert witness activities is significant and appears not to be determined by economic factors. Both the positive effects of such participation on the legal system and the potential ethical concerns require further study.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. bashar@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Bimal H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Ashar
authors.forename: Redonda G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Powe
mesh_terms: D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005104:Expert Testimony / Q000191:economics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007388:Internal Medicine; D008297:Male; D008318:Malpractice / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D010820:Physicians / Q000523:psychology*