title: Objective assessment of compliance with treatments in acne.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acne occurs in prepubertal individuals, teenagers and adults, and can have a devastating effect on self-esteem and social relationships. Whether an acne sufferer will seek treatment often depends, apart from the severity, on cultural and social aspects, which play a significant role in the attitude of the individuals and how they cope with the condition. Compliance with treatment regimen is an essential element in overall effectiveness of therapy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess patient compliance in acne vulgaris.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an open prospective study at a dermatology outpatient clinic, patients with acne, and on isotretinoin or conventional therapies, were examined and completed a questionnaire consisting of: (i) a brief medical and social history, (ii) a compliance assessment sheet, and (iii) the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Patients were re-examined after 3 months and their actual treatment usage was directly assessed and compared with expected use. The objective medication adherence (Med Ad) was calculated as (actual treatment use/expected treatment use) x 100. The interview (self-report) Med Ad was obtained by direct questioning. To avoid influencing the behaviour of the subjects, they were not informed of the specific aim of the study: the Local Research Ethics Committee gave approval for this approach. Patient attendance was recorded by referring to the outpatient clinic appointment charts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 687 patients seen who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 403 completed the study. The mean +/- SD overall objective Med Ad was 64.7 +/- 24% (range 0-111%). The mean +/- SD DLQI was 17.7 +/- 8.1 (range 2-30). There was a highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.87) between DLQI scores and Med Ad. The correlation between age and Med Ad was significantly negative (P < 0.01). Being female, married, employed and not paying for prescriptions were characteristics associated with increased Med Ad and a lower DLQI. Med Ad was greater for isotretinoin therapy and for first time usage of isotretinoin. The major reasons for missing treatment given by the patients were being fed up, forgetful or too busy. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol resulted in reduced Med Ad. The mean +/- SD interview Med Ad was 93.9 +/- 5% (range 85-100%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study demonstrates that a range of disease-related and social factors may influence compliance with treatment in acne. The inverse relationship between DLQI and Med Ad probably reflects the profound interaction of physical and psychological factors as well as perceived treatment failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, U.K. samehzaghoul@hotmail.com
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Zaghloul
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Cunliffe
authors.forename: M J D
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Goodfield
mesh_terms: D000152:Acne Vulgaris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000191:economics; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D015474:Isotretinoin