title: EUS-guided FNA of centrally located lung tumours following a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the feasibility and yield of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in diagnosing centrally located lung tumours after a previously non-diagnostic bronchoscopy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Bronchoscopy fails to establish a diagnosis in up to 30% of patients with suspected lung cancer. Intrapulmonary tumours located near or adjacent to the esophagus might be visualized and biopsied under real-time ultrasound guidance by EUS-FNA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with suspected lung cancer and an intrapulmonary tumour located near or adjacent to the esophagus who had undergone a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy, underwent EUS-FNA for diagnostic purposes. Surgical-pathological verification occurred when EUS-FNA was non-diagnostic and in those patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer by EUS-FNA who were surgical candidates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EUS-FNA diagnosed lung cancer in 31 of 32 patients (97%). No complications occurred. The diagnosis obtained by EUS-FNA was confirmed in all 11 patients who were operated. In one case, in which EUS-FNA was non-diagnostic, a lymphoma was diagnosed after pneumonectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  EUS-FNA qualifies as the next diagnostic step in patients with suspected lung cancer and a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy if the intrapulmonary mass is located adjacent or near the esophagus. In these cases, EUS-FNA may replace computed tomography of the chest (CT)-guided biopsies and reduce the number of exploratory thoracotomies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. j.t.annema@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Jouke T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Annema
authors.forename: Maud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veseliç
authors.forename: Klaus F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Rabe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D019160:Endosonography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity