title: Expression systems and developments in plant-made vaccines.
abstract: Delivery of vaccines to mucosal surfaces can elicit humoral and cell-mediated responses of the mucosal and systemic immune systems, evoke less pain and discomfort than parenteral delivery, and eliminate needle-associated risks. Transgenic plants are an ideal means by which to produce oral vaccines, as the rigid walls of the plant cell protect antigenic proteins from the acidic environment of the stomach, enabling intact antigen to reach the gut associated lymphoid tissue. In the past few years, new techniques (such as chloroplast transformation and food processing) have improved antigen concentration in transgenic plants. In addition, adjuvants and targeting proteins have increased the immunogenicity of mucosally administered plant-made vaccines. These studies have moved plant-made vaccines closer to the development phase.
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, 85287, USA.
authors.forename: M Manuela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rigano
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walmsley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D016825:Chlamydomonas reinhardtii / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007880:Legislation, Drug; D051379:Mice; D018514:Plant Structures / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D022462:Vaccines, Edible / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D022462:Vaccines, Edible; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit; D014614:Vaccines, Synthetic