title: Clinical usefulness of the Parkinson's disease sleep scale.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the usefulness of the Parkinson's disease sleep scale (PDSS) in identifying sleep disorders in the clinical practice setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two PD patients were evaluated with the PDSS and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). A cut-off of less than five for each PDSS item as an indicator of substantial sleep disturbance was chosen. If the ESS was equal to or greater than eight, patients were referred to a sleep disorder specialist and possible polysomnography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean total PDSS score was 104.7+/-21.5,which correlated with the mean Hoehn and Yahr score (1.9+/-0.9) as well as the mean ESS score (9.7+/-4.7). A significant correlation was also found between the ESS score and several items of the PDSS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PDSS was useful in identifying sleep disturbances which were not previously diagnosed, such as sleep maintenance insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. Problems with the PDSS include ambiguities of some questions, lack of quantification and an inability to identify specific sleep disturbances such as sleep apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA. winona.tse@mssm.edu
authors.forename: Winona
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Gabriele M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Barthlen
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Hälbig
authors.forename: Sonia V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Tolgyesi
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gracies
authors.forename: C Warren
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Olanow
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Koller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires