title: Trigeminal ganglion and its divisions: detailed anatomic MR imaging with contrast-enhanced 3D constructive interference in the steady state sequences.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Visualization of the trigeminal system is important for imaging diagnosis but technically challenging. We assessed how well the trigeminal ganglion, its rootlets, and its branches (V1, V2, and V3) are depicted on three high-resolution pulse sequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients (44 sides) underwent nonenhanced 3D constructive interference in the steady state (CISS) MR imaging. Two of these patients and another 20 (44 sides) also underwent contrast-enhanced 3D CISS and contrast-enhanced 3D time-of-flight (TOF) MR angiographic (MRA) imaging. Appearances of the ganglion, sinus ganglii, ganglion lip, and sensory and motor rootlets in the Meckel cave were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trigeminal ganglion was shown on enhanced 3D CISS images in all cases, on nonenhanced 3D CISS images in 77.3%, and on enhanced 3D TOF MRA images in 92.9%. Sinus ganglia and lips were demonstrated on 98% of enhanced 3D CISS images. Sensory rootlets were depicted with all 3D CISS sequences but no 3D TOF sequences. V1, V2, and V3 were displayed with all enhanced 3D TOF MRA sequences, 79.5-100% of enhanced 3D CISS sequences, and 0-50% of nonenhanced 3D CISS sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The enhanced 3D CISS sequence was best for displaying the trigeminal ganglion, sinus ganglii, and sinus lips, whereas the enhanced 3D TOF sequence best displayed the emerging V1, V2, and V3 roots. The enhanced 3D CISS sequence was most useful. Complete MR imaging evaluation of the trigeminal ganglion and roots is best performed by using enhanced 3D CISS and enhanced 3D TOF MRA sequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Indra
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yousry
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moriggl
authors.forename: Urs D
authors.initials: UD
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Naidich
authors.forename: Tarek A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Yousry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012668:Trigeminal Ganglion / Q000033:anatomy & histology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media