title: Human factors analysis and classification system applied to civil aircraft accidents in India.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) has gained wide acceptance as a tool to classify human factors in aircraft accidents and incidents. This study on application of HFACS to civil aircraft accident reports at Directorate General Civil of Aviation (DGCA), India, was conducted to ascertain the practicability of applying HFACS to existing investigation reports and to analyze the trends of human factor causes of civil aircraft accidents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Accident investigation reports held at DGCA, New Delhi, for the period 1990--99 were scrutinized. In all, 83 accidents occurred during this period, of which 48 accident reports were evaluated in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One or more human factors contributed to 37 of the 48 (77.1%) accidents. The commonest unsafe act was 'skill based errors' followed by 'decision errors.' Violations of laid down rules were contributory in 16 cases (33.3%). 'Preconditions for unsafe acts' were seen in 23 of the 48 cases (47.9%). A fairly large number (52.1%) had 'organizational influences' contributing to the accident.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are in consonance with larger studies of accidents in the U.S. Navy and general aviation. Such a high percentage of 'organizational influences' has not been reported in other studies. This is a healthy sign for Indian civil aviation, provided effective remedial action for the same is undertaken.
authors.affiliation: Directorate General Medical Services (Air), New Delhi, India. drdeepakgaur@yahoo.co.in
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gaur
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000145:classification* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003657:Decision Making; D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D006804:Ergonomics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D012307:Risk Factors