title: Angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism in healthy young subjects: relationship to left ventricular mass and functions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key enzyme in the production of angiotensin II and thus may participate in the modulation of cardiac growth. The cloning of the ACE gene has made it possible to identify a deletion (D)-insertion (I) polymorphism that appears to affect the level of serum ACE activity. The aim of the study is to analyse the ACE gene I/D polymorphisms in healthy young subjects and to evaluate its relationship to left ventricular mass and functions.
  
  
  METHODS
  38 women and 40 men (mean age 21.1 +/- 1.7 and 21.4 +/- 1.7 years) were studied. They underwent complete echocardiographic assessment and analysis of ACE insertion (I) and deletion (D) allele frequencies in peripheral blood by polymerase chain reaction. Thickness of interventricular septum (IVS) and posterior wall (LVPW) and left ventricular mass (LVM) and LVM index (LVMI) were measured by M-mode. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was calculated by Simpson's method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference among the DD, DI and II genotypes, concerning age, body mass index, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures.The thickness of IVS (9.5 mm), LVPW (9.0 mm), LVM (204.5 g) and LVMI (105.5 g/m2) in DD genotypes were higher than both DI (8.3 mm; 8.1 mm; 168.1 g; 90.9 g/m2) and II genotypes (8.2 mm; 7.0 mm; 141.7 g; 77.8 g/m2) in men, but not in women. LVEF among the 3 genotypes were not statistically different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that left ventricular hypertrophy is partially determined by genetic disposition especially in men but not in women.
authors.affiliation: Pamukkale University Medical Faculty, Department of Cardiology, Denizli, Turkey. ddursunoglu@tnn.net
authors.forename: Dursun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dursunoglu
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Evrengül
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Günfer
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Genç
authors.forename: H Asuman
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kaftan
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012083:Renin / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012083:Renin