title: Experimental radioimmunoguided surgery for peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer using anticarcinoembryonic antigen-specific T84.66 F(ab')2.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In gastric cancer, peritoneal dissemination is the most frequent cause of the noncurative resection and recurrence after curative resection. We therefore evaluated the feasibility of radioimmunoguided surgery (RIGS) in the treatment of peritoneal metastases of gastric cancer and the use of anti-CEA-specific T84.66 F(ab')2 as an efficient immune agent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two human gastric cancer cell lines, MKN45 and RF48, were intraperitoneally xenografted into nude mice, which were later injected with 125I-labeled T84.66 F(ab')2. Peritoneal tumors were localized by RIGS 5 days after antibody injection. The minimum number of cells detected by a gamma probe was assayed by in vitro tumor cell localization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed 37 peritoneal metastases: 8 invisible (long diameter, <1 mm), 6 small (1- < 5 mm), and 23 large (> or =5 mm) tumors. The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of RIGS in detecting peritoneal metastasis were 82% (69/84), 76% (28/37), and 87% (41/47), respectively. RIGS accuracy did not differ with respect to tumor diameter. Mean labeling indices over minimal and maximal normal counts were 6.1+/-1.2 (mean +/- SEM) and 4.7+/-1, respectively. Mean scores of CEA immunostaining and silver grains in tumors were significantly higher than those in the nontumor-bearing peritoneum (P < 0.001). There was a close correlation among radioactivity, immunostaining and microautoradiography (P < 0.001-0.005). We observed six false-positive and nine false-negatives which may have been due to high blood background and negative radioimmune reactivity, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  125I-labeled T84.66 F(ab')2 efficiently targeted peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer cells, suggesting that RIGS using this immune agent may accurately detect occult peritoneal metastases in patients with gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Institute for Life Sciences, 388-1 Poongnap-2-Dong, Songpa-Ku, Seoul, 138-736, Korea. jckim@amc.seoul.kr
authors.forename: Jin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kang H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: In H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Ka
authors.forename: Seon A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Kum H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Koo
authors.forename: Hee C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Seong T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Seong J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Jung S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Kun C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies; D001345:Autoradiography; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D006801:Humans; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D016719:Radioimmunodetection / Q000379:methods*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007128:Immunoglobulin Fragments; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes