Accumulation of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in estuarine and marine food chains: field measurements and model calculations.
Food chain accumulation of organochlorines and brominated flame retardants in estuarine and marine environments is compared to model estimations and fresh water field data. The food chain consists of herbivores, detritivores and primary and secondary carnivores i.e. fish, fish-eating birds and marine mammals. Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls is predicted well by OMEGA for herbi-detritivores and primary and secondary carnivorous fish. Ratios are similar to those found for fresh water species. Accumulation ratios for fish-eating birds and mammals are overestimated by the model, which is attributed partly to biotransformation of meta-para unsubstituted congeners. Additionally, birds may feed in other less polluted areas. For brominated diphenylethers (BDE) accumulation patterns are highly species and congener specific. Accumulation depends on both K(ow) and metabolization capacities. BDE47 is the predominant congener in lower trophic levels. For marine birds and mammals accumulation ratios of BDE99 and 100 are similar to or higher than ratios of persistent PCBs.
Veltman
Karin
K
Department of Environmental Studies, Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands. K.Veltman@science.ru.nl
Hendriks
Jan
J
Huijbregts
Mark
M
Leonards
Pim
P
van den Heuvel-Greve
Martine
M
Vethaak
Dick
D
D000818:Animals; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020387:Food Chain; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D013045:Species Specificity; D014714:Vertebrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical