A brief report on the normal range of forehead temperature as determined by noncontact, handheld, infrared thermometer.
BACKGROUND
Noncontact forehead temperature measurement by handheld infrared thermometer was used as a screening tool for fever. However, the accuracy data and normal range of forehead temperature determined by this method were not available.


METHODS
The temperature readings from 3 handheld infrared thermometers were validated against an electronic thermometer. Normal range of forehead temperature was determined by measuring the forehead temperature in 1000 apparently healthy subjects.


RESULTS
Significant differences were detected in readings obtained by the 3 different handheld infrared thermometers (analysis of covariance, P < .001) The most accurate one was chosen, and the normal range of forehead temperature in 1000 subjects detected by this method was 31.0 degrees C to 35.6 degrees C.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study shows that commercially available, handheld infrared thermometers require individual validation. Forehead temperature in excess of 35.6 degrees C is suggestive of fever. Further studies are required to confirm accuracy of this value in detecting fever.
Ng
Daniel Kwok-keung
DK
Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong. dkkng@ha.org.hk
Chan
Chung-hong
CH
Chan
Eric Yat-tung
EY
Kwok
Ka-li
KL
Chow
Pok-yu
PY
Lau
Wing-Fai
WF
Ho
Jackson Che-Shun
JC
D000328:Adult; D001831:Body Temperature; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D013821:Thermometers