title: Quantitative real-time reverse transcription: polymerase chain reaction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for detection of circulating prostatic cells in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical utility of using the real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA in peripheral blood samples from patients with prostate cancer as a predictor of extraprostatic extension of the disease and to assess any correlations with known predictive markers of this condition.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immediately before radical prostatectomy, peripheral blood samples were taken from 42 men with clinically localized prostate cancer and analysed for PSA and 18S ribosomal (endogenous control) genes using real-time RT-PCR (with gene expression assays and the comparative CT-cycle threshold-method for quantifying). A total of 30 healthy male blood donors aged <50 y was taken as a control group. The relationships between PSA mRNA values, pathological and clinical features were analysed. PSA mRNA value, PSA level and biopsy Gleason score were then compared as predictors of extraprostatic extension.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PSA gene expression was 3.73 times significantly higher in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer than in healthy men (P<0.05). There was no relationship between PSA real-time RT-PCR values and pathological stage pT2 or pT3 (P=0.5), and no association between PSA mRNA value and serum PSA level (P=0.9) or the Gleason score of the preoperative biopsy (P=0.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant advantage in using the real-time RT-PCR assay of PSA mRNA before surgery to stage prostate cancer and to discriminate between organ-confined and extraprostatic extension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Llanes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferruelo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Luján
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: García-Mediero
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berenguer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009360:Neoplastic Cells, Circulating / Q000378:metabolism*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D012372:ROC Curve; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012337:RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen