Insomnia and sleep disruption: relevance for athletic performance.
Insomnia is a common sleep complaint even in young adults and has important daytime consequences. Several subjective and objective tools are recommended to assess the magnitude of the problem and to try to find a cause. Chronic insomnia is often caused by precipitating factors, such as acute stress, work conditions, illness, and travel, and perpetuating factors, such as poor sleep hygiene, anxiety, and medications. Insomnia may have implications in athletic performance resulting from physical and cognitive effects. Several pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches are employed in the management of insomnia that have proven effective for short-term treatment. The pharmacologic approaches include the use of zolpidem and specific GABA agonists, benzodiazepines for specific indications, antidepressants, and melatonin. The nonpharmacologic approaches include stimulus control, sleep restriction, relaxation strategies, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
Leger
Damien
D
Centre du Sommeil, Hotel Dieu de Paris, 1, Place du Parvis Notre Dame, 75181 Paris Cedex 04, France. damien.leger@htd.aphp.fr
Metlaine
Arnaud
A
Choudat
Dominique
D
D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000379:methods; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D013177:Sports / Q000502:physiology*; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods
D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives