title: Bacillus axarquiensis sp. nov. and Bacillus malacitensis sp. nov., isolated from river-mouth sediments in southern Spain.
abstract: Two Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming bacteria (strains CR-119(T) and CR-95(T)) were isolated from brackish sediments in the mouth of the river Velez in Malaga, southern Spain, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phenotypic tests showed that these strains were related to other Bacillus species at a similarity level of less than 87.6 %. Both strains are halotolerant, aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, motile with peritrichous flagella and biosurfactant producers. Their endospores are oval, subterminal and non-deforming structures. The predominant menaquinone in both strains is MK-7. The fatty-acid profiles of both strains contain large quantities of branched and saturated fatty acids. The major fatty acids (%) are 15 : 0 anteiso (32.4), 15 : 0 iso (16.8), 17 : 0 iso (13.4), 16 : 0 (11.5) and 17 : 0 anteiso (10.2) in strain CR-119(T) and 15 : 0 anteiso (37.5), 17 : 0 iso (16.0) and 17 : 0 anteiso (15.8) in strain CR-95(T). The G + C contents of strains CR-119(T) and CR-95(T) are 41.0 and 42.5 mol%, respectively. RAPD analysis confirmed the low degree of similarity between the two strains and also amongst other Bacillus species. 16S rRNA gene analysis of strain CR-119(T) showed the highest sequence similarity to be 97.4 %, with Bacillus mojavensis and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii. In the case of strain CR-95(T), the maximum similarity value was 99.5 %, with B. mojavensis. DNA-DNA hybridization of strains CR-119(T) and CR-95(T) with the above species produced values lower than 46.9 %. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, we conclude that these Bacillus strains merit classification as novel species, for which we propose the names Bacillus axarquiensis sp. nov. (type strain CR-119(T) = CECT 5688(T) = LMG 22476(T)) and Bacillus malacitensis sp. nov. (type strain CR-95(T) = CECT 5687(T) = LMG 22477(T)).
authors.affiliation: Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ruiz-García
authors.affiliation: Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quesada
authors.affiliation: Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez-Checa
authors.affiliation: Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Llamas
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Applied Biochemistry, ENITA-Université de Bordeaux, Cours du Général de Gaulle, BP 201, 33175 Gradignan, France.
authors.forename: Maria C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Urdaci
authors.affiliation: Microbial Exopolysaccharide Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cartuja Campus, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Béjar
mesh_terms: D000332:Aerobiosis; D001407:Bacillus / Q000145:classification* / Q000166:cytology / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001482:Base Composition; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005407:Flagella / Q000502:physiology; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000382:microbiology*; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D005840:Gentian Violet; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000382:microbiology*; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000378:metabolism; D010619:Phenazines; D010802:Phylogeny; D012329:RNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013030:Spain; D013171:Spores, Bacterial; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005227:Fatty Acids; C035863:Gram's stain; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D010619:Phenazines; D012329:RNA, Bacterial; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D024482:Vitamin K 2; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D005840:Gentian Violet