title: CEP-11004, an inhibitor of the SAPK/JNK pathway, reduces TNF-alpha release from lipopolysaccharide-treated cells and mice.
abstract: CEP-11004, a mixed lineage kinase (MLK) inhibitor, was examined for its effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in human THP-1 monocytes, mouse BV-2 microglia, and C57Bl/6 mice. CEP-11004 inhibited TNF-alpha secretion up to 90% in THP-1 cells incubated with 3 mug/ml lipopolysaccharide, with an IC50 of 137+/-14 nM. CEP-11004 also inhibited TNF-alpha production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglial cells, but did not inhibit the initial increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression as measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) phospho-c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phospho-p38, and phospho-MAPK kinase 4 (MKK4) levels were increased in THP-1 cells following lipopolysaccharide treatment, and were reduced by CEP-11004 treatment. For in vivo studies, CEP-11004 was injected 2 h prior to lipopolysaccharide (20 mg/kg) administration. CEP-11004 significantly inhibited TNF-alpha production at doses of 1-10 mg/kg as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These results suggest that MLK blockade may be useful in inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production in a wide range of diseases.
authors.affiliation: Cephalon, Inc., 145 Brandywine Parkway, West Chester, PA 19380, USA. jciallel@cephalon.com
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ciallella
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saporito
authors.forename: Soren
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leist
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasseldam
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McGann
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bozyczko-Coyne
authors.forename: Dorothy G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Flood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010587:Phagocytosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C469298:CEP-11004; D002227:Carbazoles; D007211:Indoles; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D048055:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D015232:Dinoprostone