title: Experimental muscle pain decreases voluntary EMG activity but does not affect the muscle potential evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this human study was to investigate if voluntary EMG activity and supra-maximal M-wave are affected by injection of hypertonic saline to experimentally induce muscle pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surface EMG signals were recorded with an electrode array from the tibialis anterior muscle of 12 subjects. Two sets of 6 contractions, 3 electrically elicited and 3 voluntary (30% of the maximal force), alternated, were performed with each leg. During the second set of 6 contractions, hypertonic (painful; right leg) or isotonic (non-painful; left leg) saline was injected 3 times (0.2, 0.5, 0.9 ml), separated by 140 s, into the tibialis anterior.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the voluntary contractions, EMG average rectified value (ARV) significantly decreased (mean+/-SE, 13.2 +/- 4.2%) with increasing pain, although the exerted torque was unaltered. Conduction velocity (CV) (4.2 +/- 0.2 and 4.4 +/- 0.3 m/s, right and left leg, respectively) and mean power spectral frequency (MPF) (119.0 +/- 8.4 and 119.5+/-8.9 Hz) were not affected by the injection of hypertonic saline. In the electrically elicited contractions, M-wave CV (4.6 +/- 0.3 and 4.7 +/- 0.2 m/s), ARV (748.6 +/- 101.8 and 822.3 +/- 104.4 microV), and MPF (72.0+/-5.1 and 76.9+/-4.8 Hz) did not change with pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Injection of hypertonic saline did not change muscle fiber conduction velocity or impaire neuromuscular transmission. The decrease in voluntary EMG activity with injection of hypertonic saline was thus due to central factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The injection of hypertonic saline provides a model for exciting nociceptive afferents without affecting muscle fiber electrophysiological properties.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Science and Technology, Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction (SMI), Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7 D-3, DK-9220 Aalborg, Denmark. df@smi.auc.dk
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arendt-Nielsen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Graven-Nielsen
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012867:Skin / Q000294:innervation; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D019415:Torque; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D014836:Volition / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic