title: Traumatic growth arrest of the distal tibia: a clinical and radiographic review.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Injury to the physis of the distal tibia in children can lead to subsequent growth arrest. This can result in physeal bars, leg-length discrepancies and angular deformities.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cases of 12 children with distal tibial growth arrest due to ankle trauma were reviewed. All were treated at a tertiary care institution between 1990 and 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age at initial injury was 9.7 years (range 5-13 yr). Salter-Harris classifications (SH) of their injuries were SH2 in 4 children, SH3 in 1, SH4 in 6 and SH5 in 1 child. Four involved open fractures; 5 were high-energy injuries. Six of the injuries resulted in simple physeal bars, 4 caused pure angular deformities and 2 resulted in leg-length discrepancies > 2 cm. Eight of the physeal arrests were treated either with bar excision, selective epiphysiodesis or osteotomy for angular correction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series reinforces the importance of frequent follow-up of distal tibial physeal injuries in order to detect growth arrest early, thus facilitating corrective surgery.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ont.
authors.forename: Karl-André
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.forename: Merv
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Letts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000072042:Salter-Harris Fractures; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology