title: Extrahepatic manifestations of cholestatic liver diseases: pathogenesis and therapy.
abstract: Pruritus, fatigue, and metabolic bone disease are frequent complications of cholestatic liver diseases, which can be quite distressing for the patient and can considerably reduce the quality of life. The molecular pathogenesis of these extrahepatic manifestations of cholestasis is poorly understood, and hypotheses to explain these symptoms are being discussed. This article provides treatment recommendations for the complications of cholestasis based on putative pathomechanisms and summarizes recent experimental and clinical data involving management options.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine II, Klinikum of the University of Munich-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pusl
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Beuers
mesh_terms: D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000150:complications; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000150:complications*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011537:Pruritus / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*