title: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting does not reduce lymphocyte activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this study, we test the hypothesis that off-pump coronary bypass surgery might result in less lymphocyte activation than on-pump coronary surgery. We also study the behavior of lymphocyte activation markers during and after surgery.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Coronary artery bypass surgery is known to be associated with changes of inflammatory mediators, immune function, and early phase lymphocyte activation, which could cause postoperative lymphopenia and lymphocyte unresponsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied lymphocyte activation response in 28 patients randomized to off-pump (n = 13) or on-pump (n = 15) coronary artery bypass surgery. Expression of CD25, CD26, CD69, and DR on T (CD3+) and B (CD19+) lymphocytes on peripheral blood was assessed through flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response of T lymphocytes and their activation markers, as well as B lymphocytes and their activation markers, was similar after on- and off-pump surgery. Overall, T lymphocytes decreased to the lowest level 9 h after surgery and tended to increase later. For B lymphocytes, there was early reduction with increase on the 1st postoperative day. There was early activation of CD69+ and late activation of CD25+ on T lymphocytes. For B lymphocytes, there was early activation of CD69+ and late activation of DR+.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Compared to on-pump cardiopulmonary bypass, off-pump surgery does not reduce lymphocyte activation. (2) Coronary bypass surgery causes the early activation of lymphocytes, as evidenced by the increased expression of lymphocyte activation markers.
authors.affiliation: Cardiology Disivion, Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. blacher@via-rs.net
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blacher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Lucchese
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018941:Antigens, CD19 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000502:physiology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012307:Risk Factors; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000099192:CD69 Antigens
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018941:Antigens, CD19; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D015415:Biomarkers; D017252:CD3 Complex; D018819:Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D000099192:CD69 Antigens