title: Glutathione S-transferase T1-1 activity upregulated in transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a systematic functional investigation of different glutathione S-transferase (GST) classes, including GST class Theta (GSTT) member GSTT1-1, in transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and the surrounding normal uroepithelium of the same individuals. Recently, it was suggested that GSTT1-1 might be an important risk modulator for TCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor samples and surrounding normal uroepithelium were obtained from 24 patients with TCC of urinary bladder. The following substrates with differential specificities were used: 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene for overall GST activity; 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole for GST Alpha; 1,2-dichloro-4-nitro-benzene for GST Mu; 4-vinylpyridine for GST Pi 1-1(GSTP1-1); and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane for GSTT1-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GSTP1-1 and GSTT1-1 activities were demonstrated in all uroepithelial and TCC samples, and GST Mu activity was detectable in 11 of 24 patients. In the tumor specimens, significant upregulation of all expressed GST subtypes was observed. The mean GSTP1-1 and GSTT1-1 level in TCC was increased 2-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively, compared with the mean level in the normal uroepithelium (P <0.001). Tumor GSTT1-1 activities correlated statistically significantly with the tumor stage (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In tumors and adjacent normal uroepithelium of patients with TCC, three major cytosolic GST classes, Mu, Pi, and Theta, were expressed. Although the GST isoenzyme pattern in TCC was similar to that of the corresponding normal uroepithelium, during cancer progression a clear tendency toward an increase in all the GST subtypes expressed was noted. For the first time, distinct GSTT1-1 activity levels were demonstrated in human uroepithelium, as well as its pronounced upregulation in TCC.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro. tsimic@eunet.yu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Simic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mimic-Oka
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Savic-Radojevic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Opacic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pljesa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dragicevic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Djokic
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radosavljevic
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000201:enzymology*; D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000201:enzymology
chemical_list: D004137:Dinitrochlorobenzene; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase