title: Cognitive abilities, androgen levels, and body mass index in 5-year-old children.
abstract: This study explores the potential relationship between a series of cognitive abilities and testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione, and body mass index (BMI) measurements in 5-year-old children. 60 boys and 69 girls were administered a test (K-BIT) which provided measurements of fluid intelligence (Matrices subtest), crystallized intelligence (Vocabulary subtest), and IQ composite (the combination of the two subtests); a sub-sample of 48 boys and 61 girls was also subjected to diverse tests related to theory of mind (affective labeling, appearance-reality distinction, display rules, and false belief). Testosterone, DHEA, and androstenedione levels were measured using an enzyme immunoassay technique in saliva samples. An analysis of variance failed to reveal any significant differences between boys and girls in any of the cognitive abilities assessed. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between fluid intelligence and testosterone levels in boys, a negative relationship between crystallized intelligence and androstenedione levels in girls, and between affective labeling and androstenedione levels in boys. A multiple regression analysis indicated that androstenedione and BMI were the best predictors for some of the cognitive abilities assessed.
authors.affiliation: Area of Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Av/Tolosa, 70, 20018 San Sebastian, Spain.
authors.forename: Aitziber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Azurmendi
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braza
authors.forename: Aizpea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sorozabal
authors.forename: Ainhoa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Paloma
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Braza
authors.forename: María R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Carreras
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Jaione
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cardas
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Martín
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology; D000728:Androgens / Q000097:blood*; D000735:Androstenedione / Q000097:blood; D000886:Anthropometry; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone / Q000097:blood; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D013739:Testosterone; D000735:Androstenedione; D003687:Dehydroepiandrosterone