title: The acetochlor registration partnership: prospective ground water monitoring program.
abstract: The Acetochlor Registration Partnership conducted a prospective ground water (PGW) monitoring program to investigate acetochlor [2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-acetamide] transport to ground water at eight sites. The distribution of soil textures among these sites was weighted toward coarser soil types, while also including finer-textured soils that dominate most corn (Zea mays L.)-growing areas of the United States. Each site consisted of a 1.2-ha test plot adjacent to a 0.2-ha control plot. Suction lysimeters and monitoring wells were installed at multiple depths within each test and control plot to sample soil-pore water and near-surface ground water. Irrigation was applied to each site during the growing season to ensure water input of 110 to 200% of average historical rainfall. Acetochlor dissipated rapidly from surface soils at all sites with a DT(50) (time for 50% of the initial residues to dissipate) of only 3 to 9 d, but leaching was not an important loss mechanism, with only 0.25% of the 15,312 soil-pore water and ground water samples analyzed containing parent acetochlor at or above 0.05 microg L(-1). However, quantifiable residues of a soil degradation product, acetochlor ethanesulfonic acid, were more common, with approximately 16% of water samples containing concentrations at or above 1.0 microg L(-1). A second soil degradation product, acetochlor oxanilic acid, was present at concentrations at or above 1.0 microg L(-1) in only 0.15% of water samples analyzed. The acetochlor PGW program demonstrated that acetochlor lacks the potential to leach to ground water at detectable concentrations, and when applied in accordance with label restrictions, is unlikely to move to ground water at concentrations hazardous to human health.
authors.affiliation: LFR Levine Fricke, 1413 Woodlawn Avenue, Wilmington, DE 19806, USA. andy.newcombe@lfr.com
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Newcombe
authors.forename: David I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Gustafson
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Fuhrman
authors.forename: Ian J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: van Wesenbeeck
authors.forename: Nick D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Kim Z
authors.initials: KZ
authors.lastname: Travis
authors.forename: Kevin J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Harradine
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D016062:Porosity; D011634:Public Health; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012995:Solubility; D014052:Toluidines / Q000032:analysis*; D014481:United States; D014872:Water Movements; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014052:Toluidines; D014873:Water Pollutants; C043377:acetochlor