title: Point-of-care testing of HbA1c and blood glucose in a remote Aboriginal Australian community.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the accuracy of point-of-care (POC) measurements of capillary blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) levels in a remote Aboriginal community with high diabetes prevalence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study comparing POC capillary glucose and HbA(1c) results with those from corresponding venous samples measured in a reference laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  152 residents aged 11-76 years (representing 76% of population aged over 11 years) had POC glucose measurement in November 2003; 88 with POC glucose level > or = 5.0 mmol/L, or self-reported diabetes, had POC HbA(1c) and laboratory glucose and HbA(1c) measurements.
  
  
  METHODS
  POC fasting capillary levels of glucose (HemoCue Glucose 201 analyser, Medipac Scientific, Sydney) and HbA(1c) (DCA 2000+ analyser, Bayer Australia, Melbourne); correlation and mean difference between capillary POC and venous blood laboratory measurements of glucose and HbA(1c).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean and median POC capillary glucose levels were 7.99 mmol/L and 6.25 mmol/L, respectively, while mean and median laboratory venous plasma glucose concentrations were 7.63 mmol/L and 5.35 mmol/L. Values for POC capillary HbA(1c) and laboratory HbA(1c) were identical: mean, 7.06%; and median, 6.0%. The correlation coefficient r for POC and laboratory results was 0.98 for glucose and 0.99 for HbA(1c). The mean difference in results was 0.36 mmol/L for glucose (95% CI, 0.13-0.62; limits of agreement [LOA], - 2.07 to 2.79 mmol/L; P = 0.007) and < 0.01% for HbA(1c) (95% CI, - 0.07% to 0.07%; LOA, - 0.66% to 0.66%; P = 0.95), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  POC capillary HbA(1c) testing, in particular, offers an accurate, practical, community-friendly way of monitoring diabetes in rural and remote clinical settings. POC capillary glucose results should be confirmed by a laboratory test of venous plasma if the results are likely to significantly influence clinical decisions.
authors.affiliation: Endocrinology and Diabetes, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, WA, Australia. david.martin@med.unituebingen.de
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Mark D S
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Shephard
authors.forename: Hayley
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Max K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Bulsara
authors.forename: Timothy W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Graeme P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Maguire
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002648:Child; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin