title: Kinetics of degradation of sulphur mustard on impregnated carbons.
abstract: Kinetics of degradation of sulphur mustard (HD) on the surface of NaOH/CrO3/C, NaOH/CrO3/EDA/C and RuCl3/C systems has been examined by using gas chromatography technique by extracting and analyzing the residual HD periodically. The carbons were prepared by impregnating activated carbon with 4% sodium hydroxide plus 3% Cr(VI) as CrO3 with and without 5% ethylene diamine (EDA) and 5% ruthenium chloride by using their aqueous solutions. Obtained carbons were characterized for surface area analysis by BET conventional method. Kinetic plots reveal that the observed reactions are fast at the initial stages, slow at the later stages and progress to a steady state indicating the first order behavior. Effect of moisture on kinetic rate is also observed. In the case of NaOH/CrO3/C system the rate constant is decreased from 13.36 to 5.53 x 10(-2) h(-1) and half life is increased from 5.2 to 12.54 h while moisture content is increased from 1.9% to 11.2%. Whereas, the rate constant of HD degradation reaction is decreased from 10.4 to 4.14 x 10(-2) h(-1) and half life is increased from 6.7 to 16.72 h while moisture content is increased from 2.1% to 10.8% on NaOH/CrO3/EDA/C. Reaction on RuCl3/C system also behaves in the similar manner. Extracted reaction products were characterized by GC/MS and it is found that on NaOH/CrO3/C, HD degrades to hemisulphur mustard, thiodiglycol and 1,4-oxathiane. Whereas, on NaOH/CrO3/EDA/C, HD is degraded to 1,4-thiazane and it is degraded to divinyl sulphone on RuCl3/C. All these investigations reveal that above mentioned carbons can be used in nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) filtration systems for protection against sulphur mustard.
authors.affiliation: Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India. gkprasad@lycos.com
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Prasad
authors.forename: Beer
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: M V S
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Suryanarayana
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Batra
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D008851:Micropore Filters; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D002606:Charcoal; D009151:Mustard Gas