title: Effects of a medication assistance program on health outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of a clinic-based medication assistance program (MAP) on the health outcomes and medication use of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this retrospective analysis, data from the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences pharmacy-managed MAP and outpatient pharmacy databases were collected for adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were monitored in the university's internal medicine clinic one year before and after enrollment in the MAP. Data on patient demographics, medication use, and disease indicators (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA(1c)], high-density-lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, low-density-lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood pressure levels) were collected for the year before enrollment and for one year after enrollment. Statistical analyses were conducted using descriptive analyses, paired t tests, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 401 patients enrolled in the internal medicine clinic who were enrolled in the MAP, sufficient data were available for 52 patients, of whom 73% were women, 50% were African American, and 48% were white. Their mean age was 59 years. All were self-paying customers, with 67.3% receiving Medicare benefits. Patients received more prescription medications (p < 0.001) and antihyperglycemic medications (p = 0.001) after enrollment in the program. Mean HbA(1c) and LDL cholesterol levels decreased significantly after enrollment (p < 0.001 for both). Mean HDL cholesterol levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements did not change significantly.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A clinic-based MAP managing the use of pharmaceutical manufacturers' drug assistance programs increased indigent patients' access to antihyperglycemic medications and improved patients' clinical outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Strum
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Donna S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Brittany N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001131:Arkansas; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004345:Drug Industry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007356:Insurance, Pharmaceutical Services; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents