title: Cytoskeleton reorganization mediates alpha6beta1 integrin-associated actions of laminin on proliferation and survival, but not on steroidogenesis of ovine granulosa cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laminin (LN) is one of the most abundant extracellular matrix components of the basal lamina and granulosa cell layers of ovarian follicles. Culture of ovine granulosa cells (GC) on LN substratum induces cell spreading, enhances cell survival and proliferation, and promotes luteinization. Previous investigations have shown that these effects are mostly mediated by the alpha6beta1 integrin, but its signalization pathways have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the importance of the cytoskeleton in the alpha6beta1 integrin-mediated actions of laminin on survival, proliferation and steroidogenesis of ovine GC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relationships between morphology and functions of ovine GC cultured on substrata containing LN or/and RGD peptides were investigated. The effects of (1) cytochalasin D, an actin cytoskeleton-disrupting drug, (2) a specific function-blocking antibody raised against alpha6 integrin subunit (anti-alpha6 IgG), and (3) an inhibitor of the ERK1/2 signalization pathway (PD98059) were assessed for GC shape, pyknosis and proliferation rates, oestradiol and progesterone secretions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytoskeleton disruption by cytochalasin D induced cell rounding, inhibited proliferation, promoted pyknosis, inhibited progesterone secretion and enhanced oestradiol secretion by GC cultured on LN. When GC were cultured on various substrata containing LN and/or RGD peptides in the presence or absence of anti-alpha6 IgG, both the existence of close correlations between the percentage of round cells, and the GC proliferation rate (r = -0.87) and pyknotic rate (r = 0.76) were established, but no relationship was found between cell shape and steroidogenesis. Inhibition of the ERK1/2 signalization pathway by PD98059 had no effect on GC shape, proliferation or pyknotic rates. However, it dramatically reduced progesterone secretion, expression of cytochrome P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 3beta-hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase enzymes, and enhanced oestradiol secretion, thereby reproducing all the effects of the anti-alpha6 IgG on steroidogenesis of GC cultured on LN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LN may participate in the paracrine control of follicular development through different mechanisms. It could enhance proliferation and survival of GC through its alpha6beta1 integrin-mediated actions on cytoskeleton. In contrast, its stimulating action on GC luteinization could be partly mediated by the ERK1/2 pathway, irrespective of cell shape.
authors.affiliation: Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, UMR 6175 INRA-CNRS-Université de Tours-Haras Nationaux, INRA 37380 Nouzilly, France. frederique.lebellego@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Frédérique
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Le Bellego
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabre
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pisselet
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Monniaux
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006107:Granulosa Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D039121:Integrin alpha6beta1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D007797:Laminin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012756:Sheep; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D039121:Integrin alpha6beta1; D007797:Laminin; D009842:Oligopeptides; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; C047981:arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one