title: What's wrong with me? Women's coronary heart disease diagnostic experiences.
abstract: Most women are unaware that that they may experience atypical coronary heart disease (CHD) symptoms. Women's atypical presentation often results in women having difficulty being diagnosed with CHD or myocardial infarction. Investigating women's CHD diagnostic experiences may reveal vital areas amenable to intervention. This secondary analysis explored women's CHD diagnostic experiences. Forty women completed in-depth interviews in their homes that were audiotaped and lasted 2-3 hours. Using content analysis and constant comparison, five themes emerged: awareness, seeking treatment, frustration, treatment decisions, and anger. Despite numerous symptoms and visits with clinicians, most women were not diagnosed with CHD before myocardial infarction. During the infarction, women with typical symptoms were easily diagnosed while those with atypical symptoms received a delayed diagnosis. Those who repeatedly sought treatment were angry about not being diagnosed earlier. Further research is needed to promote early symptom recognition, timely diagnosis, and efficacious treatment-keys to improving women's CHD outcomes and to preventing similar negative diagnostic experiences.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Nursing, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. mcsweeneyjeanc@uams.edu
authors.forename: Jean C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McSweeney
authors.forename: Leanne L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Lefler
authors.forename: Beth F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Crowder
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000786:Anger; D000884:Anthropology, Cultural; D001131:Arkansas; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001364:Awareness; D002637:Chest Pain / Q000209:etiology; D003657:Decision Making; D003717:Denial, Psychological; D005260:Female; D005639:Frustration; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006356:Heartburn / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014930:Women / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*