title: Rapid and fully automated visualization of subdural electrodes in the presurgical evaluation of epilepsy patients.
abstract: For rapid visualization of subdural electrodes with respect to cortical and subcortical structures, we describe a novel and fully automated method based on coregistration, normalization, optional cerebellum masking, and volume rendering of 3D MR imaging data taken before and after implantation. The key step employs the skull-stripped preimplantation image as a mask to also remove the skull in the postimplantation image. The extracted brain is presented in 3D with the electrodes directly visible by their susceptibility artifacts. Compared with alternative methods, ours is based on freely available software and does not require manual intervention.
authors.affiliation: Epilepsy Center, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Dimitri
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kovalev
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Spreer
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Honegger
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zentner
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schulze-Bonhage
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Huppertz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D011300:Preoperative Care; D013355:Subdural Space; D013997:Time Factors