title: Cavitary changes in retinoblastoma: relationship to chemoresistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical features and outcome of treatment of retinoblastomas presenting with ophthalmoscopically visible cavities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen eyes of 15 patients harboring retinoblastomas with ophthalmoscopically visible cavities treated between February 1995 and July 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patient demographics, eye and tumor characteristics, and response to treatment were recorded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Decrease in tumor size and tumor recurrence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean patient age at diagnosis was 20 months. The mean number of retinoblastomas per eye was 2 (range, 1-6). Associated subretinal fluid was graded as absent in 5 eyes, minimal in 6 eyes, mild in 4 eyes, and severe in 1 eye. None of the tumors had vitreous seeds, and 5 (31%) had subretinal seeds. Ophthalmoscopically visible calcification occupied a mean of only 3% of the tumor (median, 0%; range, 0%-30%). Intratumoral cavities were characteristically visible in the superficial portion of the tumor and had a mean diameter of 2.0 mm (median, 1.5; range, 0.5-5.0). The mean number of cavities per tumor was 2 (median, 1; range, 1-5). Three tumors were treated with enucleation, 1 with observation, and 12 with chemoreduction. Two months after chemoreduction, the mean reduction in tumor base was 19% (median, 16%; range, 0%-42%), and the mean reduction in tumor thickness was 18% (median, 12%; range, 0%-59%). During a mean follow-up of 32 months (median, 23; range, 12-58), none of the cavitary retinoblastomas recurred or gave rise to vitreous or new subretinal seeds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retinoblastomas containing ophthalmoscopically visible cavitary spaces do not show a substantial decrease in size after chemotherapy. Cavitary changes in retinoblastoma may be a sign that the tumor is well differentiated and may impart a better prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.
authors.forename: Arman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mashayekhi
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Ralph C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Eagle
authors.forename: Jerry A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shields
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D015353:Eye Enucleation; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000473:pathology; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents