title: Strongyloides hyperinfection and hypogammaglobulinemia.
abstract: We report strongyloides hyperinfection in two patients with generalized hypogammaglobulinemia from multiple myeloma and nephrotic syndrome, despite a significant strongyloides-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) response. In contrast to reports on animals, where human IgG was shown to be a protective antibody, our observation suggests that in humans, immunity to the infective-stage larvae is not protective against the autoinfective larvae, which are the causative agents of strongyloides hyperinfection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074. raymond_seet@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: Raymond C S
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Seet
authors.forename: Lee Gong
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Paul Ananth
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Tambyah
mesh_terms: D000361:Agammaglobulinemia / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000097:blood; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007814:Larva / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000150:complications; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000150:complications; D013321:Strongyloides / Q000276:immunology; D013322:Strongyloidiasis / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D007074:Immunoglobulin G