title: Ultrasound derived imaging and quantification of cell adhesion molecules in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by Sensitive Particle Acoustic Quantification (SPAQ).
abstract: Molecular imaging requires, not only the identification of an appropriate marker, but also its quantitative analysis. We used the Sensitive Particle Acoustic Quantification (SPAQ) technology - a novel ultrasound technique - for detection and quantification of cell adhesion molecules in isolated tissue and in live animals. By conjugating gas-filled microparticles (MPs) with antibodies to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), we were able to depict and quantify ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in isolated brain and spinal cord from rats with autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an established inflammatory disease model of human multiple sclerosis (MS). Depiction and quantification of specific MPs were also feasible in living animals with AT-EAE with similar results. After treatment with methylprednisolone, the measured number of targeted anti-ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-MPs was significantly lower (P<0.01) compared to untreated animals demonstrating the high sensitivity of this imaging technique. Depending on the antibody linked to the surface of the MPs, the technique can be used to quantify the expression of any accessible antigen expressed on the luminal surface of endothelial cells and is therefore a promising tool for the non-invasive and dynamic assessment of disease-related molecules.
authors.affiliation: Research Laboratories of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hauff
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Linker
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Briel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rieckmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Toyka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mäurer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schirner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D008863:Microspheres; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D008775:Methylprednisolone