title: Influence of alcohol in mouthwashes containing triclosan and zinc: an experimental gingivitis study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An experimental gingivitis model was used to analyse the influence of alcohol in mouthwashes containing 0.15% triclosan and zinc chloride on the formation of supragingival plaque, the development of gingivitis and the appearance of adverse events.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a double-blind crossover design, 30 subjects underwent two consecutive experimental phases with two 0.15% triclosan and zinc chloride mouthwashes, differentiated mainly by their excipient (hydroalcoholic or aqueous). In each phase, the subjects discontinued all oral hygiene measures and were treated solely with the randomly assigned experimental mouthwash for 21 days. Each experimental phase was preceded by a 14-day washout period in which, after receiving a complete oral prophylaxis, the subjects were instructed to perform thorough oral hygiene procedures. Gingivitis and plaque levels were assessed at the start and end of both the experimental phases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The evolution of the gingivitis and plaque indices showed no statistically significant differences between both treatments. The mean gingival index increased from 0.30 to 0.38 with the non-alcoholic mouthwash and from 0.32 to 0.42 with the hydroalcoholic mouthwash. The respective changes in plaque index were from 0.88 to 1.93 and from 0.94 to 1.92. The hydroalcoholic mouthwash produced a larger number of fresh symptoms (p=0.033), oral itching being the most reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alcohol does not influence the effectiveness of a 0.15% triclosan and zinc chloride mouthwash against gingivitis development and supragingival plaque formation. The absence of alcohol significantly decreases the incidence of adverse events produced by the mouthwash.
authors.affiliation: Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain. jose.m.almerich@uv.es
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Almerich
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cabedo
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ortolá
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Poblet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014260:Triclosan / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015032:Zinc / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D009067:Mouthwashes; D000431:Ethanol; D014260:Triclosan; D015032:Zinc