title: A phase-1 study of sequential mitomycin C and 5-aminolaevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in recurrent superficial bladder carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report a phase-1 study of patients with recurrent superficial bladder cancer treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using sequential mitomycin C and 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients were treated, the primary endpoint being the safety and tolerability of combined therapy at increasing doses of ALA and light.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mitomycin C instillation was followed by ALA concentrations of 6%, 8% or 10%; there was no effect on toxicity. The light dose, at a wavelength of 635 nm, was increased from zero to 25 J/cm(2), with the upper fluences producing transient symptoms. There were no episodes of skin photosensitivity or systemic toxicity. A total fluence of 25 J/cm(2) represented the upper light dose for the tolerability of this procedure by patients. There were no persistently high urinary symptom scores or reduction in functional bladder capacity up to > or =24 months of follow-up. In this group, cumulative tumour recurrences were none at 4, two at 8, six at 12, nine at 18 and 11 at 24 months after PDT, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sequential mitomycin C and ALA-PDT is a safe and well tolerated treatment, with potential for managing difficult-to-control superficial transitional cell carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK.
authors.forename: Rob J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Skyrme
authors.forename: A Jane
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: French
authors.forename: Shibendra N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Datta
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allman
authors.forename: Malcolm D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Philip N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Matthews
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D016685:Mitomycin; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid