title: Effects of amlodipine and lacidipine on heart rate variability in hypertensive patients with stable angina pectoris and isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the influence of therapy with amlodipine (A) or lacidipine (L) on heart rate variability (HRV) time and frequency domain parameters in hypertensive patients with stable angina pectoris and isolated left ventricular diastolic dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  After a 1-week washout period, the patients were randomized to receive amlodipine 10 mg (30 patients) or lacidipine 6 mg (30 patients) once-daily for 4 weeks. HRV parameters were determined over a period of 24 h, echocardiography and exercise test were performed before and after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All HRV time domain parameters after applying amlodipine did not change significantly. A reliable decrease only of the root mean square of differences between adjacent normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD)-32.9 +/- 13 vs. 27.5 +/- 9-was noticed after treatment with lacidipine. In the lacidipine group, the change of RMSSD negatively correlated with the extent of ST segment depression during exercise testing (R = -0.43; P < 0.05). Both drugs reduced total power (A, 2234 +/- 1270 vs. 1813 +/- 889; L, 2205 +/- 1151 vs. 1825 +/- 896; P < 0.01), very low (A, 1451 +/- 733 vs. 1143 +/- 534; L, 1413 +/- 759 vs. 1213 +/- 616; P < 0.05), and low frequency power (A, 610 +/- 459 vs. 447 +/- 321; L, 569 +/- 323 vs. 442 +/- 241; P < 0.01). After amlodipine, high frequency power remained unchanged, whereas low-high frequency ratio decreased (4.54 +/- 1.72 vs. 3.77+/-1.73; P < 0.05). After lacidipine, high frequency power decreased (178.8 +/- 153.2 vs. 132.1 +/- 79.3; P < 0.05), whereas the ratio of low frequency to high frequency did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amlodipine and lacidipine reduce the influence of humoral control and sympathetic autonomic nervous system activity. The autonomic balance becomes shifted toward the increased vagal activity only by amlodipine.
authors.affiliation: Eiveniu 2, Department of Cardiology, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. kardio@kmu.lt
authors.forename: Remigijus
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zaliūnas
authors.forename: Julija
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brazdzionyte
authors.forename: Vytautas
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zabiela
authors.forename: Renaldas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jurkevicius
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017311:Amlodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004095:Dihydropyridines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D017311:Amlodipine; C060285:lacidipine