title: Frequent activation of the hedgehog pathway in advanced gastric adenocarcinomas.
abstract: The hedgehog pathway plays a critical role in the development of the foregut. Recent studies indicate that the hedgehog pathway activation occurs in the stomach and other gastrointestinal cancers. However, the association of hedgehog pathway activation with tumor stage, differentiation and tumor subtype is not well documented. Here, we report our findings that the elevated expression of hedgehog target genes human patched gene 1 (PTCH1) or Gli1 occurs in 63 of the 99 primary gastric cancers. Activation of the hedgehog pathway is associated with poorly differentiated and more aggressive tumors. The sonic hedgehog (Shh) transcript is localized to the cancer tissue, whereas expression of Gli1 and PTCH1 is observed both in the cancer and in the surrounding stroma. Treatment of gastric cancer cells with KAAD-cyclopamine, a hedgehog signaling inhibitor, decreases expression of Gli1 and PTCH1, resulting in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Overexpression of Gli1 under the control of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter renders these cells resistant to cyclopamine-induced apoptosis. Thus, our analysis of in vivo tissues indicates that the hedgehog pathway is frequently activated in advanced gastric adenocarcinomas; our in vitro studies suggest that hedgehog signaling contributes to gastric cancer cell growth. These data predict that targeted inhibition of the hedgehog pathway may be effective in the prevention and treatment of advanced gastric adenocarcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, PR China.
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Shuhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiaoli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Adegboyega
authors.forename: B Mark
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Evers
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jingwu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1
chemical_list: D053823:Hedgehog Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; C000606236:PTCH1 protein, human; D000072079:Patched Receptors; D000072081:Patched-1 Receptor; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C509239:SHH protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1