title: Upper limb disability in HAVS cases--how does it relate to the neurosensory or vascular elements of HAVS?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) consists of vascular, neurosensory and musculoskeletal components, characterized by symptoms that include Raynaud's phenomenon, tingling and numbness in the hands. However, there has been little published data on the effects of HAVS on the capability to carry out normal daily tasks. We have investigated the application of the widely-used disability, arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) disability questionnaire that reflects functionality problems in the upper extremities, as well as symptoms, in a HAVS cohort.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cohort consisted of 118 males who, as a part of their health surveillance, had been referred for further assessment and Stockholm workshop staging. This process involved medical interview, physical examination and quantitative tests covering neurosensory function, manual dexterity and handgrip strength.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relationship between DASH outcome metric and a combination of quantitative tests reflecting a range of abnormalities found in HAVS, supports the validity of this questionnaire in HAVS studies. The data suggest that HAVS cases have a greater level of upper extremity disability compared with a general population. The study confirms that disability in HAVS is very largely related to sensorineural Stockholm workshop staging, rather than vascular staging. Any influence of vibration-induced Raynaud's phenomenon on upper extremity disability is related to the frequency of blanching attacks rather than their extent across the digits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study strengthens the importance of identifying and preventing the exacerbation of the neurosenory component of HAVS, that unlike the blanching attacks of the vascular component does not have such an obvious pathognomic signal.
authors.affiliation: Health & Safety Laboratory, Sheffield, UK. howard.mason@hsl.gov.uk
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elms
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009140:Musculoskeletal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D012678:Sensation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards; D013577:Syndrome; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*