title: Novel flame retardants, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene, in United States' environmental samples.
abstract: Two brominated flame retardants, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (TBE) and 2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene (PEB), were detected and identified in ambient air samples from various sites in the United States. The identifications were confirmed by comparing the gas chromatographic retention times and mass spectra of the compounds found in the environment with those of authentic materials. Generally, the TBE concentrations in air were comparable to those of tetra- through hexabrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and often higher than those of decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209). The atmospheric TBE concentrations at locations in the southern United States were higher than those in the northern United States. TBE was also found in a sediment core from Lake Michigan; the concentrations of TBE increased with time, were lower than those of BDE-209, but were approximately 10 times higher than the sum of BDE-47, -99, and -100. The maximum PEB concentration in Chicago air was 550 pg/ m3, which was 10 times higherthan the concentration of total PBDEs in this sample. In general, the concentrations of PEB in air samples were low but detectable and were less than those of PBDEs. PEB was not found in the sediment core from Lake Michigan. These occurrences of relatively high concentrations of TBE and PEB in environmental samples may reflect the increasing usage of these compounds as flame retardants.
authors.affiliation: School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
authors.forename: Eunha
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hoh
authors.forename: Lingyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hites
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D001969:Bromobenzenes / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001969:Bromobenzenes; D005411:Flame Retardants; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; C081014:1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane; C503022:2,3,4,5,6-pentabromoethylbenzene