Advancements in the anti-diabetes chemotherapeutics based on amino acids, peptides, and peptidomimetics.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent chronic disease. Recent years have witnessed development of many new oral drugs; novel insulin analogs and their delivery systems for the treatment of patients with either type-1 or type-2 DM. The impetus for developing new antidiabetic drugs comes from the unmet need of pharmacological tools that allow diabetic patients to achieve recommended glucose control targets by precise, safe and effective ways. The number of people afflicted with DM worldwide has increased considerably in recent years and is projected to increase dramatically over the next decades. In the recent times, design and synthesis of bioactive peptides and peptidomimetics has undergone a paradigm shift. Non-proteinogenic amino acids, peptides and peptidomimetics are emerging as novel drug candidates for the treatment of various diseases and/or disorders. This review mainly discusses the advancements in the usage of unnatural amino acids, peptides and peptidomimetics as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of DM.
Jain
Rahul
R
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160 062, India. rahuljain@niper.ac.in
Chawrai
Suresh
S
D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005934:Glucagon / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018716:Molecular Mimicry; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000596:Amino Acids; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D010455:Peptides; D011498:Protein Precursors; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon