title: The pro-fibrogenic effect of nerve growth factor on conjunctival fibroblasts is mediated by transforming growth factor-beta.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nerve growth factor (NGF) and nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) expressions have been found to be increased in sub-conjunctival scarring.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of NGF on some pro-fibrogenic properties of human conjunctival fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of NGF, trkA(NGFR) and p75NTR on human fibroblasts grown from conjunctival biopsies and incubated for 2 or 6 days with NGF were evaluated by immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and ELISA. The fibrogenic effect of NGF on conjunctival fibroblasts was investigated by evaluating their migration (wound model), proliferation ([3H]-thymidine incorporation), collagen production (3H]-proline incorporation), expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) (cell surface ELISA) and contraction of 3D collagen gels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  NGF induced the expression of p75NTR in the fibroblasts that constitutively expressed only trkA(NGF) and increased the migration of wounded fibroblasts, but not their proliferation and collagen production. NGF induced the conversion of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts expressing alpha-SMA, and enhanced their contraction of a collagen matrix. Interestingly, chronic NGF treatment induced transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) production by fibroblasts, and following specific TGF-beta neutralization, all the NGF-induced effects were completely abrogated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that NGF, via TGF-beta induction, is likely to be involved in the healing or fibrotic processes occurring in conjunctiva during some pathological conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Micera
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Puxeddu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lambiase
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonini
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Aloe
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pe'er
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Levi-Schaffer
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D000328:Adult; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects*; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D005782:Gels; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA / Q000032:analysis; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D005782:Gels; D006133:Growth Substances; D020800:Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D003094:Collagen; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D020917:Receptor, trkA