title: Second primary cancers after enrollment in the COMS trials for treatment of choroidal melanoma: COMS Report No. 25.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report sites of second primary cancer and the time to first diagnosis during routine follow-up after treatment for choroidal melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective longitudinal follow-up of patients enrolled in 2 randomized trials conducted by the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) Group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline and annual or semiannual systemic and laboratory evaluations were performed according to a standard protocol for 2320 patients enrolled in the COMS without evidence of melanoma metastasis or other primary cancer at baseline. Deaths were coded by a mortality coding committee.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subsequent to treatment for choroidal melanoma, a total of 222 patients were diagnosed with a second primary cancer other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer (5-year rate of 7.7% [95% confidence interval, 6.6%-9.0%]). The most common sites were prostate (23% of reported cases) and breast (17%); 12 of these 222 patients were diagnosed simultaneously with second primary cancers in 2 or more sites. Of these 222 patients, 113 died; 37 (33%) were coded as dead with melanoma metastasis, 33 (29%) as dead with a malignant tumor other than metastatic melanoma, and 13 (11%) as dead with a malignancy of uncertain origin. Radiotherapy did not significantly increase the development of second primary cancers. The rate of diagnosis of second primary cancer did not differ significantly by smoking status, although the rate in former smokers was increased vs that observed in either current smokers or those who never smoked.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine medical surveillance for development of second primary cancers among patients treated for choroidal melanoma is important, especially for those with a history of smoking, regardless of the size of choroidal melanoma at the time of treatment.
authors.affiliation: COMS Coordinating Center, Wilmer Clinical Trials and Biometry, 550 N. Broadway, Ninth Floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. mdiener@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diener-West
authors.forename: Sandra M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Reynolds
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Agugliaro
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Kristi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cumming
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Earle
authors.forename: Barbara S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hayman
authors.forename: Ishmael
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jaiyesimi
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Wui-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Bradley R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Straatsma
authors.forename: Jonni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thoma
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002830:Choroid Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D015996:Survival Rate