title: Cocaine up-regulates Fra-2 and sigma-1 receptor gene and protein expression in brain regions involved in addiction and reward.
abstract: Sigma receptors have recently been implicated in the actions of cocaine, and antagonists of these receptors prevent many acute and subchronic cocaine effects. A previous study revealed that the immediate early gene fra-2 is up-regulated after cocaine administration, and this effect is prevented by the sigma-1 receptor antagonist BD1063 [1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-4-methylpiperazine]. In the present study, the effects of cocaine and BD1063 on the expression of six fos and jun genes were evaluated in mouse brains using cDNA microarrays. Several of these genes were altered by cocaine, but only the alteration in fra-2 was prevented by BD1063. The time courses of fra-2 and sigma-1 receptor gene and protein expression in different brain regions were also determined. Cocaine up-regulated fra-2, which was followed by a later up-regulation of sigma-1 receptors. The cocaine-induced up-regulation of fra-2 and sigma-1 receptor genes and proteins were detected in whole brain, striatum, and cortex, but not in cerebellum. All of these cocaine-induced effects were prevented by BD1063. The interaction between cocaine, fra-2, and sigma-1 receptors involves brain regions that are established components of the neural circuit for reward, suggesting that they may contribute to the enduring changes that underlie the cellular basis of drug abuse.
authors.affiliation: University of Mississippi, Department of Pharmacology, 303 Faser Hall, University, MS 38677, USA.
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Guang-Di
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lerner
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brackett
authors.forename: Rae R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D051921:Fos-Related Antigen-2; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D017480:Receptors, sigma / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012201:Reward; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D003042:Cocaine; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051921:Fos-Related Antigen-2; D010879:Piperazines; D017480:Receptors, sigma; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097605:Sigma-1 Receptor; C093337:1-(2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl)-4-methylpiperazine; C497873:Fosl2 protein, mouse