title: Evaluation of a selective neurectomy model for low urethral pressure incontinence in female dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a model of low urethral pressure incontinence and compare the relative contributions of the pudendal and hypogastric nerves with urethral function by performing selective neurectomy and ovariohysterectomy in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  19 healthy Foxhounds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were allocated into 2 groups. The first group (10 dogs) underwent bilateral hypogastric neurectomy and ovariohysterectomy and subsequent bilateral pudendal neurectomy. The second group (9 dogs) underwent bilateral pudendal neurectomy and subsequent hypogastric neurectomy and ovariohysterectomy. Urethral pressure profilometry and leak point pressure (LPP) tests were performed before and after each neurectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before surgery, mean +/- SD LPP and maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) in all dogs were 169.3 +/- 24.9 cm H2O and 108.3 +/- 19.3 cm H2O, respectively; these values decreased to 92.3 +/- 27 cm H2O and 60.7 +/- 20.0 cm H2O, respectively, after both selective neurectomy surgeries. There was a progressive decline of LPP after each neurectomy; however, MUCP decreased only after pudendal neurectomy. Fifteen dogs had mild clinical signs of urinary incontinence. All dogs appeared to have normal bladder function as indicated by posturing to void and consciously voiding a full stream of urine. Urinary tract infection did not develop in any dog.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypogastric and pudendal neurectomy and ovariohysterectomy caused a maximum decrease in LPP whereas pudendal neurectomy caused a maximum decrease in MUCP. IMPACT ON HUMAN MEDICINE: This model may be useful for evaluation of treatments for improving urinary control in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7390, USA.
authors.forename: Clarence A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rawlings
authors.forename: Joan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coates
authors.forename: P Thomas
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Purinton
authors.forename: Jeanne A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Barsanti
authors.forename: Adriene
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carlisle
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Oliver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017763:Autonomic Denervation / Q000662:veterinary*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007001:Hypogastric Plexus / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000662:veterinary; D014521:Urethra / Q000294:innervation*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*