title: Histidine and carnosine delay diabetic deterioration in mice and protect human low density lipoprotein against oxidation and glycation.
abstract: In vivo effects of histidine and carnosine against diabetic deterioration in diabetic Balb/cA mice were studied. Histidine and carnosine at 0.5, 1 g/l were added into drinking water. After 4 weeks intake of these agents, the content of histidine and carnosine in plasma, heart and liver significantly elevated (P < 0.05). The intake of these agents significantly decreased plasma glucose and fibronectin levels (P < 0.05); however, only 1 g/l histidine and carnosine treatments significantly increased insulin level (P < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Triglyceride level in heart and liver was dose-dependently reduced by histidine or carnosine treatments (P < 0.05); however, only 1 g/l histidine and carnosine treatments significantly reduced cholesterol level in heart and liver (P < 0.05). The administration of histidine or carnosine significantly enhanced catalase activity and decreased lipid oxidation levels in kidney and liver (P < 0.05); however, only 1 g/l histidine and carnosine treatments significantly increased glutathione peroxidase activity (P < 0.05). The increased interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in diabetic mice were significantly suppressed by the intake of histidine or carnosine (P < 0.05). In human low density lipoprotein, histidine or carnosine showed dose-dependently suppressive effect in glucose-induced oxidation and glycation (P < 0.05). These data suggest that histidine and carnosine are potential multiple-protective agents for diabetic complications prevention or therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungshan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yuan-ti
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cheng-chin
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Meng-hsiao
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Keh-sen
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Mei-chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002336:Carnosine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000097:blood; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006031:Glycosylation; D006639:Histidine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005353:Fibronectins; D007328:Insulin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D006639:Histidine; D002336:Carnosine; D002784:Cholesterol; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase