title: Effect of interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha on chitotriosidase synthesis in human macrophages.
abstract: Human chitotriosidase is a chitinolytic enzyme and mainly produced by activated macrophages. Recently, we observed that prolactin, which is structurally related to several cytokines and is involved in regulating monocyte/macrophage functions, upregulates chitotriosidase gene expression in human macrophages, suggesting that chitotriosidase is not only a biochemical marker of macrophage activation in lysosomal diseases and hematological disorders, but also may reflect induction of an immunological response. To confirm this hypothesis we evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR the mRNA chitotriosidase levels in human monocytes/macrophages following treatment with pro-inflammatory stimuli such as interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Stimulation of macrophages with interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipopolysaccharide resulted in increased levels of chitotriosidase mRNA, as well as chitotriosidase activity, whereas interleukin-10 decreased chitotriosidase synthesis. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the production of chitotriosidase by macrophages could have biological relevance in the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Italy.
authors.forename: Michelino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Di Rosa
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scuto
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musumeci
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malaguarnera
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006596:Hexosaminidases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D006596:Hexosaminidases; C086400:chitotriosidase