Endotoxin- or pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced sickness behavior as an animal model of depression: focus on anhedonia.
In humans, exposure to endotoxins or pro-inflammatory cytokines induces a number of neuropsychological symptoms collectively referred to as 'flu-like syndrome'. The degree of overlap between flu-like syndrome and major depressive disorder is considerable and a close linkage between these has been predicted to arise due to hypersecretion of endogenous pro-inflammatory cytokines and activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. In animals, exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines or endotoxins induces a 'sickness behavior' syndrome that is analogous to flu-like symptoms observed in human patients. The goal of the current paper is to review evidence implicating endotoxin- or cytokine-induced sickness behavior as an animal model of depression, with an emphasis on reduced consumption of highly palatable substances as a defining feature.
De La Garza
Richard
R
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, NPI Room A8-148, 740 Westwood Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. rdlgarza@mednet.ucla.edu
D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D001526:Behavioral Symptoms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016207:Cytokines; D003863:Depression / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins; D006801:Humans; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology
D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins