title: Post-traumatic bifid condyle associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis: report of a case and review of the literature.
abstract: Bifid condyle is a rare condition. Most initially reported cases were found in studies conducted on skeletal specimens. While increasing numbers are being reported on living persons, most of them are asymptomatic and have been found on routine dental radiographic examination for other dental complaints. Most of the cases of bifid condyle reported so far have occurred unilaterally and predominantly on the left side. Bifid condyle associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis is very rare with only 2 cases reported in the English-language literature as far as we know. An additional case of bifid condyle associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis, involving the right side of mandible, is presented as well as a review of the literature on bifid condyles including those associated with temporomandibular joint ankylosis.
authors.affiliation: Deparment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Khalid Hospital, P. O. Box 1120, Najran, Saudi Arabia. spencer_daniels@yahoo.co.uk <spencer_daniels@yahoo.co.uk>
authors.forename: John Spencer M
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Daniels
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ali
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000844:Ankylosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000293:injuries*; D008338:Mandibular Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery