title: Pioglitazone decreases carotid intima-media thickness independently of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from a controlled randomized study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a strong predictor of myocardial infarction and stroke.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the effects of pioglitazone-based therapy (45 mg/d) and glimepiride-based treatment (2.7+/-1.6 mg/d) for 12 and 24 weeks on metabolic control (HbA1c), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment), and carotid IMT (B-mode ultrasonography) in a randomized controlled study in 173 orally treated patients with type 2 diabetes (66 women, 107 men; mean+/-SD age, 62.6+/-7.9 years; body mass index, 31.8+/-4.6 kg/m2; HbA1c, 7.5+/-0.9%). Treatment was generally well tolerated in both groups. Despite similar improvements in metabolic control (HbA1c) after 24 weeks (-0.8+/-0.9% [pioglitazone] versus -0.6+/-0.8% [glimepiride]; P=NS), carotid IMT was reduced only in the pioglitazone group after 12 weeks (-0.033+/-0.052 versus -0.002+/-0.047 mm [glimepiride]; P<0.01 between groups) and 24 weeks (-0.054+/-0.059 versus -0.011+/-0.058 mm [glimepiride]; P<0.005 between groups). Insulin resistance was also improved only in the pioglitazone group (homeostasis model assessment, -2.2+/-3.4 versus -0.3+/-3.3; P<0.0001 between groups). Reduction of IMT correlated with improvement in insulin resistance (r=0.29, P<0.0005) and was independent of improvement in glycemic control (r=0.03, P=0.68).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a substantial regression of carotid IMT, independent of improved glycemic control, after 12 and 24 weeks of pioglitazone treatment. This finding may have important prognostic implications for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Research and Development GmbH, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Langenfeld
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Forst
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hohberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lübben
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konrad
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Füllert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sachara
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfützner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D011379:Prognosis; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects*; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone