title: Early prediction of gross hemorrhagic transformation by noncontrast agent MRI cluster analysis after embolic stroke in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal was to develop magnetic resonance indices, without image contrast agent enhancement, that predict hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in a rat model of embolic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats subjected to embolic stroke with (n=12) or without (n=10) the combination treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator and an anti-platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody 7E3 F(ab')2 initiated at 4 hours after onset of stroke were investigated using a 7-T MRI system. Radiofrequency saturation T1 (T1sat) maps with magnetization transfer, apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADCw) maps in 3 directions, and T2 maps were measured at 2, 24, and 48 hours after embolization. MRI data were analyzed individually and using 2D cluster plots. Histological measurements were obtained at 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross hemorrhage was detected at 48 hours in 7 (4 control, 3 treated) of 22 animals. The 2D cluster plot using MRI T1sat and ADCw maps obtained at 2 hours after stroke predicted all gross HT. The location of gross hemorrhage predicted by the 2D cluster plot was within 0.75 mm of the identifying MRI cluster.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 2D MRI cluster plot analysis using T1sat and ADCw maps acquired at 2 hours after the onset of embolic stroke predicts gross HT.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
authors.forename: Guangliang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nagesh
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zheng Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Qingjiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D007167:Immunotherapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex / Q000276:immunology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D019039:Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator