title: In vivo effects of the fungicide ethaboxam on microtubule integrity in Phytophthora infestans.
abstract: The effects of ethaboxam (LGC-30473), a novel thiazole carboxamide, on microtubule organization was investigated in Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de Bary (Oomycota) at the light microscope level using standard immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Hyphal cells were exposed to various concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 microg ml(-1) of ethaboxam at incubation times of 30, 60 and 120 min. Microtubules were disrupted after exposure to ethaboxam for 30 min at 0.01 microg ml(-1). Similar experimental conditions were used to document the effects of ethaboxam on microtubule integrity in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans (Eidam) Winter (Ascomycota) and in mammalian mouse 17 clone 1 cells. Under these conditions, there was no evidence to suggest that microtubules in A. nidulans and mouse culture cells were affected by the ethaboxam. These results indicate that ethaboxam is specific for the targeting of microtubule disruption in P. infestans.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Maho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Roberson
authors.forename: Sam-Jae
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Dal-Soo
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D025301:Hyphae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects*; D010838:Phytophthora / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D013844:Thiazoles; D013876:Thiophenes; C492076:ethaboxam