title: Perioperative stimulation of erythropoiesis with intravenous iron and erythropoietin reduces transfusion requirements in patients with hip fracture. A prospective observational study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture (HF) often receive perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions (ABT) to avoid anaemia. However, concerns about the adverse effects of ABT have prompted the review of transfusion practice and the search for a safer treatment of perioperative anaemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively investigated the effect of a blood-saving protocol of perioperative iron sucrose (3 x 200 mg/48 h, intravenously) plus erythropoietin (1 x 40,000 IU, subcutaneously) if admission haemoglobin level < 130 g/l, on transfusion requirements and postoperative morbid-mortality in patients with HF (group 2; n= 83). A parallel series of 41 HF patients admitted to another surgical unit within the same hospital served as the control group (group 1). Perioperative blood samples were taken for haematimetric, iron metabolism and inflammatory parameter determination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This blood-saving protocol reduced the number of transfused patients (P < 0.001), the number of transfused units (P < 0.0001), increased the reticulocyte count and improved iron metabolism. In addition, the blood-saving protocol also reduced the rate of postoperative infections (P = 0.016), but not the 30-day mortality rate or the mean length of hospital stay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The blood-saving protocol implemented seems to reduce ABT requirements in patients with HF, and is associated with a lower postoperative morbidity. The possible mechanisms involved in these effects are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: García-Erce
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cuenca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Izuel
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: V M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Solano
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martínez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000517:prevention & control; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017701:Reticulocyte Count; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004921:Erythropoietin; D007501:Iron