title: Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the effectiveness of the Nd:Yap laser for the initial treatment of adult periodontitis. A randomized controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Enhancement of the results obtained by scaling and planing is most often sought by using antimicrobial therapies. Laser beams have been shown to be bactericidal and could possibly target pathogens more effectively and with fewer compliance problems than antiseptic solutions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty subjects 20-60 years old presenting periodontal pockets at least 5 mm deep in each quadrant received initial periodontal treatment. The study had a split-mouth design. The control side (SRP) only received scaling and planing, and the test side (SRP+laser) was treated by both SRP and Nd:Yap (yttrium aluminum perovskite doped with neodym) laser. Clinical conditions were evaluated at day 0 and day 90 using the plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth, and clinical attachment level. Microbial sampling was also performed on days 0 and 90, and the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola was analysed by polymerase chain reaction in a commercial laboratory. Post-operative pain or discomfort was measured by the patient using a linear visual scale. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare bacterial presence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no statistically significant difference concerning clinical data between test and control groups at baseline. Both treatments enhanced the clinical situation compared to baseline; however, results were not significantly different between the two groups. T. forsythensis was the organism most numerous in both groups. Though initial treatment diminished the numbers of all the pathogens it did not do so statistically significantly. Differences between test and control groups were very small and bore no significance. Evaluation of the post-operative pain did not reveal any differences between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Scaling and root planing was effective in reducing levels of plaque, inflammation, and bleeding upon probing. No additional advantage was achieved by using the Nd:Yap laser.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Nancy, France. ap@netmedicom.com
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Neal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Briançon
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallina
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Penaud
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D012534:Dental Scaling; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000528:radiation effects*; D006801:Humans; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016745:Root Planing; D016037:Single-Blind Method