title: Extraction of p-hydroxyacetophenone and catechin from Norway spruce needles. Comparison of different extraction solvents.
abstract: The phenolic compounds p-hydroxyacetophenone and catechin have been extracted from Norway spruce needles with pure methanol, 80 and 50% (v/v) aqueous methanol, pure acetonitrile, 80% (v/v) aqueous acetonitrile, and pure water. Extraction efficiency of the individual solvents was compared. Although 80% aqueous methanol is the solvent most frequently used for extraction of soluble phenolic compounds from needles, it was found that pure methanol is a more suitable extraction solvent. Surprisingly, a two-step procedure based on the extraction of crushed needles with water then re-extraction with methanol proved a good alternative to direct extraction with methanol. Extraction of uncrushed spruce needles might indicate that relatively more p-hydroxyacetophenone than catechin was located in the surface layer of the needle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosmanská
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sýkora
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fähnrich
authors.forename: Marcela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovárová
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Volka
mesh_terms: D000097:Acetonitriles / Q000737:chemistry*; D000098:Acetophenones / Q000032:analysis*; D002392:Catechin / Q000032:analysis*; D000432:Methanol / Q000737:chemistry*; D009664:Norway; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000098:Acetophenones; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D002392:Catechin; C031335:4-hydroxyacetophenone; D000432:Methanol; C032159:acetonitrile