title: Molecular correlates of temporomandibular joint disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The relation between disease severity and the known mediators of pain, inflammation, and tissue damage-prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-was examined in the synovial fluid of patients with internal derangement (ID) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two patients with ID were classified according to Wilkes by clinical and radiological examinations, and TMJ synovial fluid samples were obtained by arthrocentesis. PGE 2 and LTB 4 levels were measured by ELISA kits, MDA levels were determined by a fluorometric method, myeloperoxidase activity was determined by an end-point method, and NO levels were measured by Griess reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The earliest significant increase was observed in NO levels (stage II) and this elevation persisted in the subsequent stages. The first significant elevation in PGE 2 and LTB 4 levels and MPO activity were observed in stage III. Both PGE 2 and LTB 4 levels were increased in stage III and were correlated with each at this stage and in the subsequent stage. Significant increases in MDA levels were observed only in stage IV. At stage IV there was correlation between MDA and PGE 2 , MDA and LTB 4 , and MDA and MPO. The relation between PGE 2 and MDA was the most powerful one.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this cross-sectional study point out the relation between disease severity and levels of some molecular mediators in synovial fluid of TMJ. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore the role of these molecular mediators in the progression of ID.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Atilla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arinci
authors.forename: Evin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ademoglu
authors.forename: Alp
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aslan
authors.forename: Umit
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mutlu-Turkoglu
authors.forename: Aylin Bilgin
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Karabulut
authors.forename: Ayşe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000032:analysis*; D004204:Joint Dislocations / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis; D013582:Synovial Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007975:Leukotriene B4; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D015232:Dinoprostone