title: A rapid chemiluminescent slot blot immunoassay for the detection and quantification of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type E, in cultures.
abstract: A simple, rapid, cost-effective in vitro slot blot immunoassay was developed for the detection and quantification of botulinum neurotoxin type E (BoNT/E) in cultures. Culture supernatants of 36 strains of clostridia, including 12 strains of Clostridium botulinum type E, 12 strains of other C. botulinum neurotoxin serotypes, and 12 strains of other clostridial species were tested. Samples containing BoNT/E were detected using affinity-purified polyclonal rabbit antisera prepared against BoNT/E with subsequent detection of secondary antibodies using chemiluminescence. All strains of C. botulinum type E tested positive, while all non C. botulinum type E strains tested negative. The sensitivity of the slot blot immunoassay for detection of BoNT/E was approximately four mouse lethal doses (MLD). The intensity of chemiluminescence was directly correlated with the concentration of BoNT/E up to 128 MLD, allowing quantification of BoNT/E between 4 and 128 MLD. The slot blot immunoassay was compared to the mouse bioassay for detection of BoNT/E using cultures derived from fish samples inoculated with C. botulinum type E, and cultures derived from naturally contaminated environmental samples. A total of 120 primary enrichment cultures derived from fish samples, of which 103 were inoculated with C. botulinum type E, and 17 were uninoculated controls, were assayed. Of the 103 primary enrichment cultures derived from inoculated fish samples, all were positive by mouse bioassay, while 94 were also positive by slot blot immunoassay, resulting in a 7.5% false-negative rate. All 17 primary enrichment cultures derived from the uninoculated fish samples were negative by both mouse bioassay and slot blot immunoassay. A total of twenty-six primary enrichment cultures derived from environmental samples were tested by mouse bioassay and slot blot immunoassay. Of 13 primary enrichment cultures positive by mouse bioassay, 12 were also positive by slot blot immunoassay, resulting in a 3.8% false-negative rate. All 13 primary enrichment cultures that tested negative by mouse bioassay also tested negative by slot blot immunoassay. The slot blot immunoassay could be used routinely as a positive screen for BoNT/E in primary enrichment cultures, and could be used as a replacement for the mouse bioassay for pure cultures.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Research Division, Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0L2.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cadieux
authors.forename: Burke
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Blanchfield
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Austin
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D003014:Clostridium botulinum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D008163:Luminescent Measurements; D051379:Mice; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; C096326:botulinum toxin type E