title: Epidemiology and control of trematode infections in cattle in Zimbabwe: a review.
abstract: In this paper the main epidemiological aspects of the major domestic ruminant trematode infections in Zimbabwe are reviewed and discussed with regard to the available options for control. Seasonal occurrence of amphistomes, Fasciola gigantica and Schistosoma mattheei are considered both in the definitive and intermediate hosts. The regional distribution of the trematodes is reviewed in relation to the distribution patterns of their snail intermediate hosts. Based on the epidemiological features of the trematodes, practical control measures are suggested.
authors.affiliation: Central Veterinary Laboratory, Diagnostic and Research Branch, PO Box CY551, Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Pfukenyi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monrad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukaratirwa
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005211:Fascioliasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D015995:Prevalence; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D012621:Seasons; D014200:Trematoda / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development*; D014201:Trematode Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D015030:Zimbabwe / Q000453:epidemiology