title: Recombination at long mutant telomeres produces tiny single- and double-stranded telomeric circles.
abstract: Recombinational telomere elongation (RTE) known as alternate lengthening of telomeres is the mechanism of telomere maintenance in up to 5 to 10% of human cancers. The telomeres of yeast mutants lacking telomerase can also be maintained by recombination. Previously, we proposed the roll-and-spread model to explain this elongation in the yeast Kluveromyces lactis. This model suggests that a very small ( approximately 100-bp) circular molecule of telomeric DNA is copied by a rolling circle event to generate a single long telomere. The sequence of this primary elongated telomere is then spread by recombination to all remaining telomeres. Here we show by two-dimensional gel analysis and electron microscopy that small circles of single- and double-stranded telomeric DNA are commonly made by recombination in a K. lactis mutant with long telomeres. These circles were found to be especially abundant between 100 and 400 bp (or nucleotides). Interestingly, the single-stranded circles consist of only the G-rich telomeric strand sequence. To our knowledge this is the first report of single-stranded telomeric circles as a product of telomere dysfunction. We propose that the small telomeric circles form through the resolution of an intratelomeric strand invasion which resembles a t-loop. Our data reported here demonstrate that K. lactis can, in at least some circumstances, make telomeric circles of the very small sizes predicted by the roll-and-spread model. The very small circles seen here are both predicted products of telomere rapid deletion, a process observed in both human and yeast cells, and predicted templates for roll-and-spread RTE.
authors.affiliation: University of Georgia at Athens, Department of Genetics, Room C318, Life Sciences Building, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
authors.forename: Cindy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Groff-Vindman
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Cesare
authors.forename: Shobhana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Jack D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McEachern
mesh_terms: D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004261:DNA Replication; D004270:DNA, Circular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics*; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics*; D016615:Telomere / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004270:DNA, Circular; D004271:DNA, Fungal; C422952:telomerase RNA; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D019098:Telomerase