title: Does the management of bladder perforation during transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors predispose to extravesical tumor recurrence?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the impact of a bladder perforation during transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumor on extravesical tumor recurrence and patient prognosis. We also defined potential risk factors for extravesical recurrence prospectively giving emphasis to the management of the perforation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of 3,410 patients were reviewed. Parameters recorded included patient age and sex, tumor stage, grade, number, size and location at the time of perforation, the type of bladder perforation (extraperitoneal vs intraperitoneal) and the way the perforation was managed (open surgical repair vs conservative treatment). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for extravesical recurrence. Cox regression analysis was used to compare cancer specific survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 34 cases of bladder perforation were recorded, 4 patients were treated with open surgery and 30 treated conservatively. The 4 patients who underwent open surgery presented with extravesical recurrence after a mean followup of 7.5 months. The remaining 30 patients had no evidence of extravesical recurrence after a mean followup of 60 months (p <0.001). Of the patients with extravesical relapse 3 died of disease. The surgical management of bladder perforation was the best predictor of extravesical recurrence (p <0.001, r = 1.13), followed by an intraperitoneal localization of the perforation (p =0.0003, r = 0.67) and tumor size (p =0.01, r = 0.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical repair of a bladder perforation during transurethral resection of bladder tumor increases the risk of extravesical tumor cell recurrence and negatively affects patient prognosis.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department Of Urology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Sismanoglio General Hospital Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skolarikos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chrisofos
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ferakis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Papatsoris
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dellis
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deliveliotis
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary* / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015996:Survival Rate; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000401:mortality