title: TNF-alpha levels in cancer patients relate to social variables.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important cytokine associated with tumor regression and increased survival time for cancer patients. Research evidence relates immune factors (e.g., natural killer (NK) cell counts, NK cell lysis, lymphocyte profile, and lymphocyte proliferation) to the frequency and quality of social relations among cancer patients. We hypothesized that disruptions in social relations would be associated with lower TNF-alpha responses, and conversely, that reports of positive changes in social relations correlate with stronger responses. A prospective design measured changes in social activity and relationship satisfaction with a partner in 44 breast cancer patients at the time of cancer diagnosis, and initial surgery and 12 months later. Results indicated that patients reporting increased social activities or satisfaction exhibited stronger stimulated TNF-alpha responses. This is the first study to link changes in patient social relations with a cancer-relevant immune variable.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
authors.forename: Phillip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Marucha
authors.forename: Timothy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Crespin
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Shelby
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011598:Psychoneuroimmunology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha