title: Expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) in esophageal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been reported that amino acid transport systems play an important role in cell proliferation. Their activity is increased in malignant cells compared to benign cells. In this study, we investigated whether L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is expressed in human non-cancerous esophageal mucosa and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. We also examined whether LAT1 expression is correlated with histopathological features.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1999 to December 2001, sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 11 cases of early esophageal carcinoma (T1) and 19 cases of advanced esophageal carcinoma (T2, T3) were entered in the study. Histopathologically, all 30 cases were squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using rabbit anti-LAT1 IgG, with the standard avidin-streptavidin immuno-peroxidase method. Measurement was performed by means of computer-assisted image analysis. The ratio of cells with LAT1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and non-cancerous esophageal mucosa was used for analysis in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-cancerous esophageal mucosa expressed LAT1 only in the basal layer of the esophageal wall. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma expressed LAT1 throughout the tumor. LAT1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that in non-cancerous esophageal mucosa. LAT1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma increased as the depth of invasion progressed (T1 < T2 (P = 0.0477), T2 < T3 (P = 0.0415), T1 < T3 (P = 0.0044)), and as the tumor size increased. Also, high LAT1 expression was significantly associated with well-differentiated carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that LAT1 plays a significant role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Digestive Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yukimoto
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: Tadatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takayama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D027283:Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D027283:Large Neutral Amino Acid-Transporter 1