title: Normal secretion and action of the gut incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in young men with low birth weight.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. An impaired incretin effect was reported previously in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We studied the secretion and action of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in young LBW men (n = 24) and matched normal birth weight controls (NBW) (n = 25).
  
  
  RESULTS
  LBW subjects were 5 cm shorter but had a body mass index similar to NBW. LBW subjects had significantly elevated fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, as well as postprandial (standard meal test) plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations, suggestive of insulin resistance. Insulin secretion in response to changes in glucose concentration ("beta-cell responsiveness") during the meal test was similar in LBW and NBW but inappropriate in LBW relative to insulin sensitivity. Fasting and postprandial plasma GLP-1 and GIP levels were similar in the groups. First- and second-phase insulin responses were similar in LBW and NBW during a hyperglycemic clamp (7 mm) with infusion of GLP-1 or GIP, respectively, demonstrating normal action of these hormones on insulin secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reduced secretion or action of GLP-1 or GIP does not explain a relative reduced beta-cell responsiveness to glucose or the slightly elevated plasma glucose concentrations observed in young LBW men.
authors.affiliation: Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark. oranje@tiscali.dk
authors.forename: Jakob Hagen
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Schou
authors.forename: Kasper
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pilgaard
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vilsbøll
authors.forename: Christine B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Carolyn F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Deacon
authors.forename: Jens Juul
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Holst
authors.forename: Aage
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vølund
authors.forename: Sten
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Madsbad
authors.forename: Allan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vaag
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D004435:Eating; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002096:C-Peptide; D007328:Insulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011498:Protein Precursors; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon