title: Evaluation of transdermal application of glipizide in a pluronic lecithin gel to healthy cats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate plasma glipizide concentration and its relationship to plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy cats administered glipizide orally or transdermally. ANIMALS-15 healthy adult laboratory-raised cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cats were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (5 mg of glipizide, PO or transdermally) and a control group. Blood samples were collected 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes and 4, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 24 hours after administration to determine concentrations of insulin, glucose, and glipizide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glipizide was detected in all treated cats. Mean +/- SD transdermal absorption was 20 +/- 14% of oral absorption. Mean maximum glipizide concentration was reached 5.0 +/- 3.5 hours after oral and 16.0 +/- 4.5 hours after transdermal administration. Elimination half-life was variable (16.8 +/- 12 hours orally and 15.5 +/- 15.3 hours transdermally). Plasma glucose concentrations decreased in all treated cats, compared with concentrations in control cats. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower 2 to 6 hours after oral administration, compared with after transdermal application; concentrations were similar between treatment groups and significantly lower than for control cats 10 to 24 hours after treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transdermal absorption of glipizide was low and inconsistent, but analysis of our results indicated that it did affect plasma glucose concentrations. Transdermal administration of glipizide is not equivalent to oral administration. Formulation, absorption, and stability studies are required before clinical analysis can be performed. Transdermal administration of glipizide cannot be recommended for clinical use at this time.
authors.affiliation: D Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Papich
authors.forename: Margarethe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoenig
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fettman
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lappin
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood*; D005079:Excipients / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D005913:Glipizide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005079:Excipients; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D020442:Poloxamer; D005913:Glipizide