title: Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) is associated with treatment effects of interferon beta-1b in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Subcutaneous IFNbeta-1b (Betaferon) is an established immunomodulatory treatment for relapsing remitting MS and active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). It modulates cytokine and adhesion molecule expression but long term in vivo effects of IFNbeta-1b on the immune system are not known in multiple sclerosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To address the effects of IFNbeta-1b on serum levels for soluble adhesion molecules and cytokine receptors from MS patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serial blood samples were obtained from 40 patients of the frequent MRI subgroup (20 patients each from the placebo and the IFNbeta-1b treatment group), participating in the European multi-center clinical trial with IFNbeta-1b for secondary progressive MS, at regular intervals for up to 36 months. Soluble adhesion molecules (sVCAM, sICAM-1, sL-Selectin) as well as TNF-receptor I and II were analysed in the serum of patients by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Monthly brain MRI was performed in 34 of these patients (16 patients from the placebo and 18 from the IFNbeta-1b group) during months 1-6 and 19-24 to monitor disease activity as assessed by newly occurring gadolinium (Gd) enhancing lesions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An early and significant increase in sVCAM and sTNF-RII serum levels was detected in 16 out of 20 patients (80 %) treated with subcutaneous IFNbeta-1b already at month 1 but was absent in all but one patient during placebo treatment (p < 0.01). Raised sVCAM and TNF RII serum levels during months 1-6 inversely correlated with less MRI activity in the 19-24 months treatment interval in the IFNa-1b treatment group ( p = 0.0093 for TNF-RII; p = 0.047 for VCAM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sVCAM and sTNF RII levels in the serum of SPMS patients are increased during IFNbeta-1b therapy and may at least in part explain some of the treatment effects, like reduced immune cell transmigration.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. p.rieckmann@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rieckmann
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kruse
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagelkerken
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beckmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dahlke
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Toyka
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Hartung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stürzebecher
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D000068576:Interferon beta-1b; D016899:Interferon-beta