title: The quality of chemotherapy and its quality assurance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Assessment of the quality of chemotherapy care and its quality assurance in clinical trials and daily practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using Medline, literature was searched combining the following words: quality assurance or quality of care, combined with anti-neoplastic agents. The bibliography of each article was reviewed for additional literature. Those reports in English, French, German or Dutch focusing quality assurance or quality of care and chemotherapy were selected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and five articles were selected by Medline and after review and adding of additional literature 53 articles remained. In clinical trials information on quality of chemotherapy is sparse. Different cooperative groups reported on suboptimal dosing, suboptimal registration of chemotherapy and several trials indicated that suboptimal dosing led to impaired outcome. Most quality assurance activities in clinical trials are concerned with audit and feedback and on-site visits. In daily practice the quality of chemotherapy is mostly impaired by the fact that it is not given although indicated and if it is given non-evidence based chemotherapy or administration schedules and reduced dose intensity decrease the quality of care. Especially, age, comorbidity and socio-economic status reduce the chance of receiving good quality of care regarding chemotherapy. Activities mostly used for quality assurance are generation of guidelines, specialisation and multidisciplinary care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most quality assurance activities in clinical trials and daily practice are directed to structure and process parameters. More evidence that quality of care is related to outcome should be sought. Quality assurance in daily practice should aim at guideline implementation, specialisation and multidisciplinary care and should pay attention especially to the older patients, patients with comorbidity and patients from lower socio-economic classes.
authors.affiliation: Division Medical Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands. p.ottevanger@onco.umcn.nl
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ottevanger
authors.forename: P H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: De Mulder
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome