title: Plasma appearance of labeled beta-carotene, lutein, and retinol in humans after consumption of isotopically labeled kale.
abstract: The bioavailability of carotenoids from kale was investigated by labeling nutrients in kale with 13C, feeding the kale to seven adult volunteers, and analyzing serial plasma samples for labeled lutein, beta-carotene, and retinol. Ingested doses of labeled carotenoids were 34 micromol for beta-carotene and 33 micromol for lutein. Peak plasma concentrations, areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUCs), and percentages of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were calculated. Average peak plasma concentrations were 0.38, 0.068, and 0.079 microM for [13C]lutein, [13C]beta-carotene, and [13C]retinol, respectively. Average AUC values (over 28 days) were 42.8, 13.6, 13.2 microM h for [13C]lutein, [13C]beta-carotene, and [13C]retinol, respectively. Percentages of dose recovered at peak plasma concentrations were 3.6, 0.7, and 0.7% for [13C]lutein, [13C]beta-carotene, and [13C]retinol, respectively. A positive relationship was observed between baseline plasma retinol levels and [13C]retinol plasma response. It is possible that this relationship was mediated either through some aspect of beta-carotene absorption or via the common pathways of metabolism for postdose and endogenous retinoid.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. novotnyj@ba.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Janet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Novotny
authors.forename: Anne C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Kurilich
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Britz
authors.forename: Beverly A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Clevidence
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001937:Brassica; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007553:Isotope Labeling; D007700:Kinetics; D014975:Lutein / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D019207:beta Carotene; D014801:Vitamin A; D014975:Lutein