title: Family history, diabetes, and other demographic and risk factors among participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family history of diabetes has been recognized as an important risk factor of the disease. Family medical history represents valuable genomic information because it characterizes the combined interactions between environmental, behavioral, and genetic factors. This study examined the strength and effect of having a family history of diabetes on the prevalence of self-reported, previously diagnosed diabetes among adult participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 199-2002.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included data from 10,283 participants aged 20 years and older. Gender, age, race/ethnicity, poverty income ratio, education level, body mass index, and family history of diabetes were examined in relation to diabetes status. Diabetes prevalence estimates and odds ratios of diabetes were calculated based on family history and other factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes among individuals who have a first-degree relative with diabetes (14.3%) was significantly higher than that of individuals without a family history (3.2%), corresponding to a crude odds ratio of five. Both prevalence and odds ratio estimates significantly increased with the number of relatives affected with diabetes. Family history was also associated with several demographic and risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Family history of diabetes was shown to be a significant predictor of diabetes prevalence in the adult U.S. population. We advocate the inclusion of family history assessment in public health prevention and screening programs as an inexpensive and valuable source of genomic information and measure of diabetes risk.
authors.affiliation: Michigan Department of Community Health, PO Box 30195, 3423 N MLK Jr Blvd, Lansing, MI 48909, USA. annisa@michigan.gov
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Annis
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Caulder
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Debra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duquette
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010290:Parents; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data