title: Effects of pesticides on the peripheral and central nervous system in tobacco farmers in Malaysia: studies on peripheral nerve conduction, brain-evoked potentials and computerized posturography.
abstract: We examined the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system in the setting of a tobacco farm at a developing country. Maximal motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (MCV and SCV, respectively) in the median, sural and tibial nerves, postural sway, and brain-evoked potentials (auditory event-related and visual-evoked potentials) were measured in 80 male tobacco farmers and age- and sex-matched 40 controls in Kelantan, Malaysia. Median SCV (finger-wrist) in farmers using Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate fungicide), who showed significant decrease of serum cholinesterase activities, were significantly lower compared with the controls. Sural SCV in farmers using Fastac (alpha-cypermethrin, pyrethroid insecticide) and median MCV (elbow-wrist) in farmers using Tamex (butralin, dinitroaniline herbicide) were significantly slowed compared with their respective controls. In Delsen (mancozeb, dithiocarbamate) users, the power of postural sway of 0-1 Hz was significantly larger than that in the controls both in the anterior-posterior direction with eyes open and in the right-left direction with eyes closed. The former type of sway was also significantly increased in Tamaron (methamidophos, organophosphorus insecticide) users. In conclusion, nerve conduction velocities and postural sway seem to be sensitive indicators of the effects of pesticides on the central and peripheral nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Rusli Bin
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Nordin
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Naing
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okabe
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Araki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000383:Agriculture; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010575:Pesticides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004856:Postural Balance; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides; D002802:Cholinesterases