title: Ethics and scientific publication.
abstract: This article summarizes the major categories of ethical violations encountered during submission, review, and publication of scientific articles. We discuss data fabrication and falsification, plagiarism, redundant and duplicate publication, conflict of interest, authorship, animal and human welfare, and reviewer responsibility. In each section, pertinent historical background and citation of relevant regulations and statutes are provided. Furthermore, a specific case(s) derived from actual situations is(are) presented. These cases were chosen to highlight the complexities that investigators and journals must face when dealing with ethical issues. A series of discussion questions follow each case. It is our hope that by increasing education and awareness of ethical matters relevant to scientific investigation and publication, deviations from appropriate conduct will be reduced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0005, USA. benos@physiology.uab.edu
authors.forename: Dale J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Benos
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fabres
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Jessica P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hennessy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kosek
authors.forename: Joo Hyoung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Dragos
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Olteanu
authors.forename: Tara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Faheem
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shaikh
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001319:Authorship; D006801:Humans; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000941:ethics*; D015714:Plagiarism; D011642:Publications / Q000941:ethics*; D015871:Scientific Misconduct / Q000941:ethics*