Chromosome bi-orientation on the mitotic spindle.
For proper chromosome segregation, sister kinetochores must attach to microtubules extending from opposite spindle poles prior to anaphase onset. This state is called sister kinetochore bi-orientation or chromosome bi-orientation. The mechanism ensuring chromosome bi-orientation lies at the heart of chromosome segregation, but is still poorly understood. Recent evidence suggests that mal-oriented kinetochore-to-pole connections are corrected in a tension-dependent mechanism. The cohesin complex and the Ipl1/Aurora B protein kinase seem to be key regulators for this correction. In this article, I discuss how cells ensure sister kinetochore bi-orientation for all chromosomes, mainly focusing on our recent findings in budding yeast.
Tanaka
Tomoyuki U
TU
School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK. t.tanaka@dundee.ac.uk
D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000502:physiology*; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal / Q000378:metabolism*; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D004718:Saccharomycetales; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000097722:Cohesins
D064127:Aurora Kinases; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000097722:Cohesins