title: Comparison of two different methods for the vitrification of hatched blastocysts from the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius).
abstract: The uteri of 32 donor camels were flushed non-surgically on Day 6, 7 or 8 after ovulation and a total of 184 embryos was recovered. Sixty Day 6 embryos and 61 Day 7 embryos were vitrified or frozen ultrarapidly using open pulled straws and a modified version of the Vajta protocol. These embryos were subjected to concentrations of either 10% and 20% or 20% and 40% ethanediol as the cryoprotectant before being loaded into open pulled straws (OPS) and plunged into liquid nitrogen. All embryos were subsequently thawed and rehydrated either directly into holding media or into holding media containing 0.2 M sucrose and were incubated for 5 or 10 min before being transferred to holding media before transfer to recipients. Although the survival rate of the embryos immediately after thawing was high (OPS 20%/40% ethanediol resulted in 97% and 100% survival for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively; OPS 10%/20% ethanediol resulted in 90% and 70% survival for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively), after 2 h in culture, survival rates had decreased to 46% and 53% for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively, using OPS 10%/20% and 53% and 63% for Day 6 and Day 7 embryos, respectively, using OPS 20%/40%; however, none of the embryos transferred resulted in a viable fetus. A further 63 embryos (Day 6: n = 31; Day 7: n = 16; Day 8: n = 16) were subsequently exposed to vitrification solution (20% glycerol + 20% ethylene glycol + 0.3 M sucrose + 0.375 M glucose + 3% polyethylene glycol) in three steps and after loading into 0.25 mL straws were plunged into liquid nitrogen. However, a much greater percentage of the Day 7 and Day 8 embryos (43.8% and 81.2% respectively) were fractured or torn after warming and none of the 12 intact embryos transferred resulted in a pregnancy. Better survival rates immediately after thawing and rehydration were obtained with the smaller Day 6 embryos (94%), which resulted in a total of eight fetuses from the 21 embryos transferred.
authors.affiliation: Camel Reproduction Centre, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. luluskid@emirates.net.ae
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Skidmore
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Billah
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Loskutoff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D002162:Camelus / Q000196:embryology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000662:veterinary; D013997:Time Factors