title: Inhibitory effect of yuzu essential oil on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine in vegetables.
abstract: The inhibitory effect of yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) essential oil on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the presence of vegetables (31 species) or saliva was investigated by HPLC. Most vegetable extracts enhanced the formation of NDMA. However, the formation ratio of NDMA in vegetable extracts was decreased by yuzu oil in the range of 59 to 22%. In the presence of yuzu oil and saliva, its ratio ranged between 62 and 24%. These results indicated that yuzu oil inhibited the formation of NDMA even in vegetables and saliva. The contents of ascorbic acid, nitrate, and nitrite in the 31 vegetable species were 0.3-65 mg/100 g, 3-581 mg/100 g, and 10-750 microg/100 g, respectively. Ascorbic acid and nitrite had little effect on the inhibition or formation of NDMA at their intact levels. Nitrate accelerated the formation of NDMA, and the addition of saliva further enhanced it. The mechanism of inhibition of NDMA formation by alpha-terpinene was studied. It was assumed from the results of LC-MS that a new compound formed by the reaction of alpha-terpinene with nitrite would be a derivative of alpha-terpinene with dinitroso groups. The molecular weight of this compound was 194. It is suggested that terpene hydrocarbons in citrus essential oils would contribute to the decrease of NDMA formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, B-200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan. sawamura@cc.kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Yingxia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chikako
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urushibata
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002957:Citrus / Q000737:chemistry*; D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009822:Oils, Volatile / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D014675:Vegetables / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000081005:Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D009602:Nitrosamines; D009822:Oils, Volatile; D010936:Plant Extracts; C018669:gamma-terpinene; C023649:N-nitrosodiphenylamine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid