title: Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared with Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention: principal results of a prospective randomized controlled study (MOSES).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In hypertensive stroke patients, for the same level of blood pressure control, eprosartan will be more effective than nitrendipine in reducing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 1405 well-defined, high-risk hypertensives with cerebral event during the last 24 months (proven by cerebral computed tomography scan or nuclear magnetic resonance) were randomized to eprosartan or nitrendipine (mean follow-up 2.5 years). Primary end point was the composite of total mortality and all cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, including all recurrent events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Randomization was successful without significant differences in the baseline characteristics. Blood pressure was reduced to a comparable extent without any significant differences between the 2 groups during the whole study period (150.7/84 mm Hg and 152.0/87.2 mm Hg with eprosartan and nitrendipine therapy to 137.5/80.8 mm Hg and 136.0/80.2 mm Hg, respectively, confirmed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring). Moreover, already after 3 months, normotensive mean values were achieved, and 75.5% reached values <140/90 mm Hg with the eprosartan regimen and 77.7% with the nitrendipine regimen. During follow-up, in total, 461 primary events occurred: 206 eprosartan and 255 nitrendipine (incidence density ratio [IDR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.96; P=0.014). Cardiovascular events were: 77 eprosartan and 101 nitrendipine (IDR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.55 to 1.02; P=0.06); cerebrovascular events: 102 eprosartan and134 nitrendipine (IDR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.97; P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Morbidity and Mortality After Stroke, Eprosartan Compared With Nitrendipine for Secondary Prevention (MOSES) study was the first to compare an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist with a calcium antagonist in secondary stroke prevention. In these high-risk hypertensive stroke patients, an early normotensive and comparable blood pressure was achieved. The combined primary end point was significantly lower in the eprosartan group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, St. Josefs Hospital, Cloppenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lüders
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kulschewski
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammersen
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Plate
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zidek
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dominiak
authors.forename: Hans Christoph
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes; C068373:eprosartan; D009568:Nitrendipine; D002118:Calcium