title: Evaluation of hereditary risk in a mammography population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations significantly increase a women's lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Because several management options have shown promise in decreasing morbidity and mortality for these women, identifying potential mutation carriers is increasingly important. We have developed a large-scale method to collect family histories in a population of unaffected women presenting for mammography. We then applied current risk-assessment models to determine the prevalence of women at risk for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of family histories using data collected on all unaffected women presenting for mammography over a 14-week period. The Claus, Myriad II, and Hartmann models for hereditary risk assessment were applied to the survey results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was completed by 5736 women, 695 of whom were excluded because of a personal history of breast or ovarian cancer. Family histories of the remaining 5041 women were evaluated. Totals of 5.9%, 5.2%, and 3.3% of patients, respectively, met criteria for increased risk according to the Hartmann, Myriad II, and Claus models, corresponding to 3.5, 3.1, and 1.9 patients per day. Although 9.2% of patients met criteria for >/=1 model, only 1.4% met criteria for all 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of available models to a screening population classifies a larger than expected number of women at high risk for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. New approaches to risk assessment and counseling are needed to apply our knowledge of hereditary risk to a broad population in a practical manner.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kopans
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Marissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Howard-McNatt
authors.forename: Sherwood S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Nancy Y
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Constance A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: Michele A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gadd
authors.forename: Barbara L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Michaelson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D024522:Genes, BRCA2; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008327:Mammography / Q000379:methods*; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010375:Pedigree; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis