title: Primary hyperparathyroidism surgical management since the introduction of minimally invasive parathyroidectomy: Mayo Clinic experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Minimally invasive parathyroidectomy (MIP) for primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) has equal cure and recurrence rates as standard cervical exploration. Changes in the management of primary HPT have occurred since introducing MIP including localization, anesthesia, intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring, and indications for parathyroidectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort analysis of 1361 consecutive patients with primary HPT operated on at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, from June 1998 through March 2004. Mean follow-up, 25 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One thousand three hundred sixty-one patients operated on for primary HPT, excluding 160 patients who were reoperated on.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard cervical exploration MIP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cure, recurrence, localization, anesthesia, hospitalization, intraoperative parathyroid hormone level monitoring, contraindications to MIP, surgical indications, assessment of osteoporosis and osteopenia, postoperative patient assessment of general patient health, and operative satisfaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cure of primary HPT for both conventional exploration and MIP was 97%; only 1 patient who underwent MIP had a potential recurrence. Imaging sensitivity and positive predictive values were as follows: sestamibi scintigraphy, 86% and 93%; ultrasonography, 61% and 87%, respectively. Usage of general vs local anesthesia with intravenous sedation was 46% and 49%, respectively, in patients w ho underwent MIP; 46% were dismissed as outpatients, 49% had single-night stays. The accuracy of intraoperative parathyroid hormone level monitoring was as follows: 98% (8% had true-negative results); the frequency of multiple gland disease was 13%. Accounting for causes precluding MIP, an estimated 60% to 70% of all patients would be eligible for MIP. By preoperative assessment, 79% had osteoporosis-osteopenia; 58% with postoperative bone mineral density measurements were improved. More than 85% were satisfied with the results of their operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With high-quality localization and intraoperative parathyroid hormone level monitoring, MIP can be performed with equal cure rates as standard cervical exploration, with no present evidence of delayed recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. cgrant@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Clive S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farley
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Heerden
mesh_terms: D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000175:diagnosis; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D016105:Parathyroidectomy / Q000379:methods*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone