title: Cortical generators of slow evoked responses elicited by spatial and nonspatial auditory working memory tasks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Slow evoked responses have been extensively studied using electrophysiological and neuroimaging methods, but there is no consensus regarding their generators. We investigated the generators of the P3 and positive slow wave (PSW) in the evoked responses to probes recorded during auditory working memory tasks to find out whether there is dissociation between functional networks involved in the generation of the P3 and PSW and between spatial and nonspatial auditory processing within this time window.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole-head magneto-(MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG); analysis of MEG data using minimum-norm current estimates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The associative temporal, occipito-temporal and parietal areas contributed to the generation of the slow evoked responses. The temporal source increased while the occipito-temporal source diminished activity during transition from the P3 to PSW. The occipito-temporal generator of the P3 was activated more during the spatial than nonspatial task, and the left temporal generator of the PSW tended to be more strongly activated during the nonspatial task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that partially distinct functional networks generate the P3 and PSW and provide evidence for segregation of spatial and nonspatial auditory information processing in associative areas beyond the supratemporal auditory cortex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results support the dual-stream model for auditory information processing.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Anurova
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Artchakov
authors.forename: Antti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Korvenoja
authors.forename: Risto J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ilmoniemi
authors.forename: Hannu J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aronen
authors.forename: Synnöve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D013017:Sound Localization / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000502:physiology