title: [The penetration of various adhesives into early enamel lesions in vitro].
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the penetration depth (PD) and the thickness of the oxygen inhibition layer (OIL) of a fissure sealant (Helioseal, Vivadent) and various adhesives (Heliobond, Excite, Vivadent; Resulcin, Merz; Solobond M, Voco; Prompt L-Pop, 3M-Espe) applied to enamel lesions in vitro. From 27 bovine teeth 54 enamel specimens were prepared and covered with nail varnish (control) thus obtaining three windows for treatment. After demineralisation (pH 5.0, 14 d) two of the windows were etched with phosphoric acid (20%, 5 s), whereas the third area served as control. The specimens were divided randomly into six groups (n = 9) and the respective adhesive was applied (90 s), either once or twice. Light-curing followed each application. Enamel slabs (perpendicular to the surface) were cut and studied after infiltration with a fluorescent low-viscous resin using confocal microscopy (CLSM). The image of the lesion was divided into two areas with different grey values. Lesion depths were calculated (ImageJ) from the surface to that point in the lesion where the grey value clearly changed to a darker grey value. The zone with the darker grey values marked the front of demineralisation. Mean lesion depths (+/- SD) after demineralisation were measured at 105 (+/- 21) microm. After single application, Resulcin [89 (+/- 22)%] and Helioseal [98 (+/- 6)%] had almost completely penetrated the lesion. Heliobond [126 (+/- 33)%] and Excite [184 (+/- 40)%] penetrated even deeper than the defined lesion. For Excite double application decreased the OIL significantly (p = 0.03; adjusted paired t-test). Adhesives are capable to penetrate artificial initial enamel lesions completely. Follow-up studies are needed to confirm this effect for natural lesions.
authors.affiliation: Poliklinik für Zahnerhaltungskunde und Parodontologie, Klinik und Polikliniken für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meyer-Lueckel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hummel
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kielbassa
mesh_terms: D000179:Acrylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000269:Adhesives / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000378:metabolism; D003745:Dental Enamel Permeability; D003750:Dental Fissures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005453:Fluorescence; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008689:Methacrylates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D000179:Acrylates; D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000269:Adhesives; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C420130:Excite cement; D008689:Methacrylates; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants; D011140:Polyurethanes; C408584:Prompt L-Pop; D019279:Resin Cements; C122122:Resulcin aquaPrime; C425825:Solobond M; C513703:Vivadent; C059908:Helioseal; C040415:heliobond; D010100:Oxygen