title: Optimal search strategies for retrieving scientifically strong studies of treatment from Medline: analytical survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop and test optimal Medline search strategies for retrieving sound clinical studies on prevention or treatment of health disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analytical survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  161 clinical journals indexed in Medline for the year 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sensitivity, specificity, precision, and accuracy of 4862 unique terms in 18 404 combinations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only 1587 (24.2%) of 6568 articles on treatment met criteria for testing clinical interventions. Combinations of search terms reached peak sensitivities of 99.3% (95% confidence interval 98.7% to 99.8%) at a specificity of 70.4% (69.8% to 70.9%). Compared with best single terms, best multiple terms increased sensitivity for sound studies by 4.1% (absolute increase), but with substantial loss of specificity (absolute difference 23.7%) when sensitivity was maximised. When terms were combined to maximise specificity, 97.4% (97.3% to 97.6%) was achieved, about the same as that achieved by the best single term (97.6%, 97.4% to 97.7%). The strategies newly reported in this paper outperformed other validated search strategies except for two strategies that had slightly higher specificity (98.1% and 97.6% v 97.4%) but lower sensitivity (42.0% and 92.8% v 93.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New empirical search strategies have been validated to optimise retrieval from Medline of articles reporting high quality clinical studies on prevention or treatment of health disorders.
authors.affiliation: Health Information Research Unit, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8N 3Z5. bhaynes@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: R Brian
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Haynes
authors.forename: K Ann
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: McKibbon
authors.forename: Nancy L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Wilczynski
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Werre
mesh_terms: D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000592:standards*; D016239:MEDLINE; D046650:Medical Subject Headings; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity