title: The expression of rac1 pseudogene in human tissues and in human brain tumors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that Rac is a regulator of cell morphology and growth. Rac1 gene appears to have involvement in tumorigenesis and metastatic potential. In our previous study of rac1 gene in 45 human brain tumors, rac1 pseudogene was found. The rac1 pseudogene is an intronless pseudogene and has a similarity of 86% with rac1 nucleotide sequence. The rac1 pseudogene contains 579 nucleotides and only 46 amino acids can be translated. Little is known about the expression of rac1 pseudogene in human tissues or tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of rac1 gene and rac1 pseudogene in different human tissues and brain tumors was investigated by the use of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Northern blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rac1 gene is apparently expressed in these 8 human tissues. The rac1 pseudogene is also apparently expressed in human tissues except for brain tissue. The overexpression of rac1 gene in brain tumors was 8% (2/25) and the overexpression of rac1 pseudogene was 76.9% (20/26). Only two astrocytomas had overexpression of rac1 gene, compared with normal brain tissues. The overexpression of rac1 pseudogene was 6 of 9 in meningiomas, 7 of 9 in astrocytomas, and 7 of 8 in pituitary adenomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High frequency of overexpression of rac1 pseudogene was detected in the human brain tumors when compared with that expressed in the normal brain tissues. Our study suggested that the rac1 pseudogene may play an important role of the tumorigenesis of brain.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Howng
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Sy
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lieu
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Y R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011544:Pseudogenes / Q000502:physiology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein