title: How host larval age, and nutrition and density of the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) influence control of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).
abstract: Choice of the targeted host developmental stage, regulation of parasitoid numbers released and introduction of food supplements are operational factors with a potential to influence the level of biological control. In a closed laboratory storage system maintained over two generations of the host, the impact of these three parameters on the control potential of the parasitoid Dinarmus basalis Rondani was investigated for high populations of larvae of Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) feeding inside dry common bean seeds Phaseolus vulgaris. The beans were already infested with immature bruchids at the beginning of the storage period to simulate harvest conditions, characterized in a previous study. Treatments resulted in a reduction of 48-75% of the bruchid population within 16 weeks of storage. The best timing of parasitoid release was at the simulated harvest, as later releases reduced the bruchid population only by about half this percentage. Host feeding is postulated to be the key factor involved in the observed difference. The effect of increasing the number of parasitoids strongly depended on host age and food supplement. Addition of vials with honey had no direct effect on the bruchid population or on the parasitoid progeny. The ecological significance of these findings and implications for biological control are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Plant Sciences, Applied Entomology, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schmale
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Wäckers
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cardona
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dorn
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001517:Coleoptera / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000502:physiology; D003105:Colombia; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D007814:Larva / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology; D027805:Phaseolus; D011156:Population Density; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014863:Wasps / Q000502:physiology*