title: Integrin activates receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha, Src, and Rho to increase prolactin gene expression through a final phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/cytoskeletal pathway that is additive with insulin.
abstract: We previously showed that receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)-alpha inhibited insulin-increased prolactin gene transcription. Others suggested that RPTPalpha was a key intermediary between integrins and activation of Src. We present evidence that inhibition of insulin-increased prolactin gene transcription was secondary to RPTPalpha activation of Src, reflecting its role as mediator of integrin responses. Src kinase activity was increased in GH4 cells transiently or stably expressing RPTPalpha and cells plated on the integrin-alpha5beta1 ligand fibronectin. C-terminal Src kinase inactivated Src and blocked RPTPalpha inhibition of insulin-increased prolactin gene transcription. Expression of dominant-negative Src also prevented the RPTPalpha-mediated inhibition of insulin-increased prolactin gene expression. Low levels of a constitutively active Src mutant (SrcY/F) stimulated whereas higher expression levels of Src Y/F inhibited prolactin gene expression. Src-increased prolactin gene transcription was inhibited by expression of a blocking Rho-mutant (RhoN19), suggesting that Src acted through or required active Rho. Experiments with an activated Rho-mutant (RhoL63) demonstrated a biphasic activation/repression of prolactin gene transcription that was similar to the effect of Src. The effects of both Src and Rho were phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent. Expression of SrcY/F or RhoL63 altered the actin cytoskeleton and morphology of GH4 cells. Taken together, these data suggest a physiological pathway from the cell matrix to increased prolactin gene transcription mediated by RPTPalpha/Src/Rho/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and cytoskeletal change that is additive with effects of insulin. Over activation of this pathway, however, caused extreme alteration of the cytoskeleton that blocked activation of the prolactin gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA.
authors.forename: Anthony I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Vulin
authors.forename: Kirsten K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Jacob
authors.forename: Frederick M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Stanley
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D007328:Insulin / Q000502:physiology*; D016023:Integrins / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland; D011388:Prolactin / Q000235:genetics*; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D016023:Integrins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D011388:Prolactin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D019061:src-Family Kinases; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C516845:Ptpra protein, rat; D054630:Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 4; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins