title: Metabolic syndrome in neuromuscular disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypotheses that (1) people with neuromuscular disease (NMD) have multiple risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes and (2) these risk factors worsen over time.
  
  
  METHODS
  Longitudinal testing with average 2.5-year follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human performance laboratory of a university.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven ambulatory volunteers with slowly progressive NMD and 8 able-bodied controls, group-matched for age and body mass index (BMI) at baseline.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  Percentage of body fat (%BF), physical activity, energy expenditure, blood lipids and glucose, and blood pressure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, NMD subjects were more obese (37%BF vs 34%BF, respectively) and more sedentary than the controls, spending less time in total activity (144 min/d vs 214 min/d) and in exercise (11 min/d vs 45 min/d). The NMD group also had numerous cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors, with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high BMI, and high triglyceride being the most common. Additionally, 55% of the NMD group satisfied the criteria for metabolic syndrome, versus 0% in the control group. Most parameters did not significantly worsen during the average 2.5-year follow-up period in either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  People with NMD are at high risk for developing chronic diseases resulting from obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Intervention studies aimed at reducing their risk for such chronic diseases are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. saitkens@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aitkens
authors.forename: David D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Kilmer
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Megan A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McCrory
mesh_terms: D001823:Body Composition; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012307:Risk Factors