title: Use of school gardens in academic instruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the status of gardens in California schools.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered Internet and mailed survey was sent to all California principals (N = 9805).
  
  
  METHODS
  4194 California school principals.
  
  
  METHODS
  School garden practices, attitudes associated with the use of gardens in schools, and perceptions of barriers to having and using school gardens in academic instruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive statistics and chi-square; P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A 43% response rate was achieved. The most frequent reason for having a garden was for enhancement of academic instruction. Gardens were most commonly used for teaching science, environmental studies, and nutrition. Principals strongly agreed that resources such as curriculum materials linked to academic instruction and lessons on teaching nutrition in the garden would assist in the school garden being used for academic instruction. Principals deemed the garden as being not to slightly effective at enhancing the school meal program.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  School gardens appear to be predominantly used by most schools to enhance academic instruction. There is a need for curriculum materials and teacher training for gardening and nutrition. The link between the garden and the school meal program is an area that clearly requires attention. School lunch would be a logical setting for provision of edible produce, in addition to taste-testing of fresh produce in the garden or classroom setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Deborah Lane
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Beall
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lussier
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Sheri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zidenberg-Cherr
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel / Q000523:psychology; D000383:Agriculture / Q000379:methods*; D002140:California; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D052756:Nutritional Sciences / Q000193:education*; D012574:Schools; D012586:Science / Q000193:education*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires