title: Carbon dioxide increases acid resistance in Escherichia coli.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate how carbon dioxide affects the acid resistance of Escherichia coli.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Escherichia coli W3110 was grown in minimal EG medium at pH 7.5, and cells were adapted at pH 5.5 at 37 degrees C with and without supply of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gases. The number of colonies grown on LB medium was measured after cells were challenged in minimal EG medium of pH 2.5 at 37 degrees C under various conditions. When carbon dioxide was supplied at both the acid adaptation and challenge stages, 94% of cells survived after the acid challenge for 1 h, while the survival rates were 50 and 67% when nitrogen gas and glutamate were supplied respectively. After the acid challenge for 3 h, the survival rate observed with the carbon dioxide gas supply was again 2.5-fold higher than those with the nitrogen gas supply.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carbon dioxide was shown to participate in the maintenance of high viability under acidic conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides useful information for research into bacterial pathogenesis, fermentation and food preservation.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukamachi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009584:Nitrogen; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D009584:Nitrogen