title: Leisure provision for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: quality time or killing time?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Information on the duration, frequency and content of leisure activities for persons with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) in residential facilities during weekends was not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  The project was carried out in 2003 and included seven facilities. Interviews were held with direct support professionals of 112 living units. Consequently, the actual leisure provision of 160 persons with PIMD was recorded over a period of four weekends. This study also investigated the relationship between setting characteristics and the distribution of the content, frequency and duration of leisure activities. Age and gender of persons with PIMD were under investigation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total mean of 3.8 h of leisure activities is provided for during the full weekend, almost half of which includes watching television or listening to music. Leisure activities are almost exclusively offered by professionals. Parents or volunteers only provide a minimum of activities during weekends. The results suggest that the leisure provision for persons with PIMD is severely restricted and not bound to any service provider in particular. Generally, with increasing age the leisure provision for persons with PIMD declines in number and in variety. No effect was found for gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Leisure time for persons with PIMD contains more empty hours than quality time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Special Education, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vlaskamp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D006233:Persons with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D013997:Time Factors