title: Exophthalmos of patients with Graves' disease in Chinese of Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the exophthalmos measurements in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and to compare with those of normal subjects among the Chinese of Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hertel's exophthalmometry were performed in 163 consecutive adult GD patients and 419 normal subjects. The values of exophthalmos, asymmetry, and the distance between lateral orbital rims (base) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference between GD and normal adults for exophthalmos and asymmetry, with GD patients demonstrating a mean exophthalmos of 18.32 mm and asymmetry of 0.93 mm as compared with 13.91 and 0.55 mm for normal subjects (P<0.001). The mean value of base for GD adults (106.52 mm) is slightly greater than normal subjects (105.82 mm). There was no gender difference in exophthalmometric value or asymmetry in each group. A total of 79 (48.5%) GD patients had exophthalmos greater than the upper limit of normal Chinese in Taiwan (18.6 mm). Asymmetry over 2 mm was observed in 11 (6.7%) patients with GD but in none of the normal subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  GD patients have significant exophthalmos and asymmetry compared to normal subjects. In comparison with previous studies, exophthalmos values for Chinese in Taiwan tend to be lower than those of Caucasians and black-American people, but are close to those of Korean, Japanese, Iranian, Indian, and Asian-American people. Adequate adjustment of normal and abnormal values of exophthalmos according to individual differences is important for the diagnosis of orbital morbidity and management of thyroid associated orbitopathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. cctsai1234@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C-C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: H-C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kau
authors.forename: S-C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kao
authors.forename: W-M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Hsu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D005123:Eye / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D049970:Graves Ophthalmopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012737:Sex Factors; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology