title: Global gene repression in hepatocellular carcinoma and fetal liver, and suppression of dudulin-2 mRNA as a possible marker for the cirrhosis-to-tumor transition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whether the transcriptional reprogramming process induced by hepatocellular carcinoma recapitulates that of the developing liver is at present unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  With a complete coverage of the liver transcriptome by microarray using adult livers as controls, we searched for similarities and differences in mRNA abundances between hepatocellular carcinoma nodules and fetal livers taken before (early) or after (late) the 22-24th week of gestation. Changes in some mRNA levels were studied in further liver samples by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Altered gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma mostly results in down-regulated mRNAs which largely overlap with those repressed in the late fetal liver. Different frequencies of transcription factor binding sites in the down-regulated genes vs control genes as well as changes in abundance of mRNAs for relevant transcription factors point to a transcriptional repression. The down-regulated mRNAs code for proteins involved in (i) transcription and translation, (ii) specific functions of the differentiated hepatocyte or (iii) activation of proliferation and apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apoptosis limitation is likely to predominate over active proliferation during liver development and hepatocellular carcinoma. Repression of the apoptosis-associated dudulin-2 mRNA points to a potential marker for the transition from a carcinoma-free to carcinoma-associated cirrhosis.
authors.affiliation: Inserm Unité 519 and Institut Fédératif de Recherches Multidisciplinaires sur les Peptides, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, 22 Bvd Gambetta, 76183 Rouen cedex, France.
authors.forename: Cédric
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coulouarn
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Derambure
authors.forename: Grégory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lefebvre
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Daveau
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiron
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scotte
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: François
authors.forename: Maryvonne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Daveau
authors.forename: Jean-Philippe
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Salier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology*; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000235:genetics; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D010088:Oxidoreductases; C486677:STEAP3 protein, human