title: Delayed onset of posttraumatic stress disorder among male combat veterans: a case series.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Authors investigated the nature of delayed-onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among combat veterans.
  
  
  METHODS
  PTSD, along with cognitive and emotional functioning, was assessed in a case series of elderly Australian war veterans.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen elderly male subjects consecutively referred to an outpatient psychiatric clinic were identified as having PTSD with significantly delayed onset. In most cases, the onset of PTSD symptoms was associated with unrelated medical complaints, psychosocial stress, and/or mild cognitive impairment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Environmental stressors, coupled with age-related neurodegeneration, may potentially contribute to the late-life recrudescence or emergence of PTSD symptoms in veterans exposed to combat-related trauma.
authors.affiliation: Medical School, The Australian National university, Canberra, Australia. michelle.ruzich@act.gov.au
authors.forename: Michelle J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ruzich
authors.forename: Jeffrey Chee Leong
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Looi
authors.forename: Michael David
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Robertson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001315:Australia; D003130:Combat Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003704:Dementia / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012803:Sick Role; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000150:complications; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*