title: Domestic and international arrivals of NOBOB (no ballast on board) vessels to lower Chesapeake Bay.
abstract: In examining ship-mediated biological invasions, most research and treatment development has focused on ballast water. Another vector that has gained attention recently is vessels arriving in a "no ballast on board" (NOBOB) condition. Such ships retain relatively small, unpumpable volumes of water and sediment in their ballast tanks. Nonetheless, these unpumpable portions can represent great ecological risk. This scenario is relevant in the Great Lakes, which have experienced a dramatic series of introductions, despite most vessels arriving there as NOBOBs since 1994. We examined shipping patterns of NOBOBs arriving to lower Chesapeake Bay to begin evaluating their risk of biopollution. Only 14% of ships arrive as NOBOBs, and of those, 17% depart to another port in the upper bay. Most NOBOBs arrive from or leave for other US ports; proximate trans-Atlantic crossings are few. Given the nature of their operations, we conclude NOBOBs may represent a risk for aquatic nuisance species invasions to Chesapeake Bay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, 4600 Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. ldrake@odu.edu
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Philip T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Fred C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Dobbs
mesh_terms: D001267:Atlantic Ocean; D003132:Commerce / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005843:Geography; D012767:Ships; D014481:United States; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*