title: Does NHS Direct empower patients?
abstract: NHS Direct is a 24h telephone helpline established in England and Wales, UK to offer advice and information for people about health, illness and the National Health Service (NHS) so that they are better able to care for themselves and their families. In 2001/2002 we undertook in-depth home interviews with 60 users of the service in two NHS Direct sites in England. In this paper we consider the extent to which NHS Direct facilitates patient empowerment in terms of helping people to be in control of their health and health care interactions. Our research suggests that NHS Direct facilitates patient empowerment by enabling patients to self care and to access health advice and services. It is also seen to offer the prerequisites for empowerment perceived to be lacking in the wider NHS, including time, respect, listening, support, and information. The service also functions by offering an alternative contact point for people seeking to avoid being labelled 'time wasters' by other busy health care providers. In the context of a wider health service which appears to problematise individuals' ability to make decisions about the appropriateness of seeking health care, NHS Direct legitimises help-seeking actions. Empowerment in the context of NHS Direct has been associated with self care as a way of reducing 'unnecessary' demand on health services. However, health professional and patient perspectives on what is considered necessary demand differ, and in certain contexts, patient empowerment may involve service use as well as self care. Further, our data reveal the context-dependent nature of a concept like empowerment. For example, when people are ill, in pain, or anxious about a loved one, they may value being cared for more than being empowered. Our research suggests that, in addition to its other functions, NHS Direct is also valued as contributing to a sense of being cared for.
authors.affiliation: Medical Care Research Unit, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent St, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK. a.ocathain@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alicia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: O'Cathain
authors.forename: Jackie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luff
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Strangleman
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Greatbatch
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004739:England; D005260:Female; D015277:Hotlines; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010361:Patients / Q000523:psychology*; D012648:Self Care; D020377:Self Efficacy; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D014852:Wales