title: In vitro correction of medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with a recombinant adenoviral vector.
abstract: Defects of mitochondrial beta-oxidation are a growing group of disorders with variable clinical presentations ranging from mild hypotonia to sudden infant death. Current therapy involves avoidance of fasting, dietary restrictions, and cofactor supplementation. Unfortunately, times of acute illness and noncompliance can interfere with these therapies and result in a rapid clinical decline. The development of a safe, durable, and effective gene delivery system remains an attractive alternative therapy for individuals with these disorders. To this end, a recombinant first-generation adenovirus vector (Ad/cmv-hMCAD) has been prepared that constitutively expresses the human medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) protein under the control of the CMV promoter and bovine polyadenylation signal. Characterization of human fibroblasts deficient in MCAD infected with Ad/cmv-hMCAD including Western analysis, immunohistological staining visualized with confocal microscopy, electron transfer protein (ETF) reduction assay, and palmitate loading studies was performed. Infection of MCAD deficient fibroblast with Ad/cmv-hmcad resulted in the production of a 55kDa protein that co-localized in cells with a mitochondrial marker. Extracts prepared from Ad/cmv-hMCAD infected deficient fibroblasts demonstrated correction of the block seen in the MCAD catalyzed reduction of ETF in the presence of octanoyl CoA. Finally, MCAD deficient fibroblasts infected with increasing amounts of Ad/cmv-hMCAD showed a stepwise improvement of the abnormal acylcarnitine profile exhibited by the deficient cells. Together these studies demonstrate our ability to express and monitor the expression of MCAD in treated cells and support further in vivo murine studies to assess toxicity and duration of correction with this and other MCAD recombinant vectors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA. schowalter.david@mayo.edu
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Schowalter
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matern
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vockley
mesh_terms: D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D002331:Carnitine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D039104:RNA 3' Polyadenylation Signals
chemical_list: C116917:acylcarnitine; D042964:Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase; D002331:Carnitine