title: A phase II trial of gemcitabine in patients with metastatic breast cancer previously treated with an anthracycline and taxane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-agent gemcitabine for the treatment of patients with anthracycline- and taxane-pretreated metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Eligible patients were required to have bidimensionally measurable MBC that had been treated with 2-4 prior chemotherapy regimens that included an anthracycline and a taxane. Gemcitabine was delivered at a dose of 800 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle until evidence of disease progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two patients were enrolled and included in the safety analysis; 18 patients were evaluable for response. The median age of patients was 54 years (range, 36-70 years). The mean number of prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease was 2.3, and the mean dose of gemcitabine delivered was 911 mg/m2 (range, 600-1600 mg/m2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, gemcitabine was well tolerated with minimal grade 3 toxicities; the only grade 4 toxicity was 1 case of pulmonary embolus. Three patients had evidence of partial tumor regression (17%; 95% CI, 4%-41%), and 1 patient had a 41% decrease in tumor volume, including liver metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gemcitabine is active and well tolerated as monotherapy given in heavily pretreated patients with MBC after anthracyclines and taxanes. The activity and safety reported in this trial are consistent with previous reports in similar patients.
authors.affiliation: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Shanu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Modi
authors.forename: Violante E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Currie
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Seidman
authors.forename: Ariadne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bach
authors.forename: Katherine S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Panageas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Theodoulou
authors.forename: Mark M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Moasser
authors.forename: Gabriella M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: D'Andrea
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lake
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Clifford A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hudis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018943:Anthracyclines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D012983:Soft Tissue Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D016019:Survival Analysis; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D018943:Anthracyclines; D001952:Bridged-Ring Compounds; D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; C080625:taxane; D004317:Doxorubicin; D000093542:Gemcitabine