title: The effects of XeCl laser etching of Ni-Cr alloy on bond strengths to composite resin: a comparison with sandblasting procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine the effect of laser surface treatment of Ni-Cr alloy on the tensile bond strength of a proprietary composite resin (Panavia 21) in comparison with a conventional sandblasting technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty cylinders of Ni-Cr were randomly allocated into the following groups: Group I-sandblasting only; Group II-low laser fluence (3.0 J/cm(2)); Group III-medium laser fluence (4.0 J/cm(2)); Group IV-high laser fluence (4.9 J/cm(2)); Group V-sandblasting in combination with medium laser fluence (4.0 J/cm(2)). Specimens within groups were bonded into pairs with resin cement as per manufacturer's instructions. They were then de-bonded using a tensile test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean de-bond strengths (SD) were: Group I-13.1 (4.2)MPa; Group II-17.6 (5.8)MPa; Group III-25.7 (11.8)MPa; Group IV-22.6 (6.6)MPa; Group V-41.8 (13.2)MPa. A statistically significant improvement (Bonferroni, p<0.05) in bond strength was found for the specimens which had been both lased and sandblasted (Group V) compared to all other groups, including those which were only sandblasted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laser pre-treatment of Ni-Cr alloy increases bond strength to composite resin compared with sandblasting; laser pre-treatment in combination with sandblasting further increases the de-bond strengths.
authors.affiliation: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
authors.forename: Andrea K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Attrill
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dickinson
mesh_terms: D002712:Chlorides; D002858:Chromium Alloys / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins; D001840:Dental Bonding; D045662:Dental Etching / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D007834:Lasers; D008422:Materials Testing; D009532:Nickel; D010710:Phosphates; D011897:Random Allocation; D019279:Resin Cements; D013499:Surface Properties; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014783:Viscosity; D014978:Xenon
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D002858:Chromium Alloys; D003188:Composite Resins; C093719:Panavia TPN-S; D010710:Phosphates; D019279:Resin Cements; D014978:Xenon; C048006:xenon chloride; D009532:Nickel