title: Hepatitis A outbreak in Hulu Langat District, Selangor State, Malaysia during April--October 2002.
abstract: A Hepatitis A outbreak occurred in Mukim Hulu Langat, Hulu Langat district from April 2002 to October 2002. Of the 51 cases notified, most were among students and the ethnic groups involved were Malays and the Orang Asli (local indigenous community). Epidemiological investigations revealed that the cases were localized along rivers used for recreational activities in this area. River water analysis indicated human faecal contamination and it was believed that the contamination was due to the Orang Asli community living upstream. This occurred due to lack of toilet facilities, water at point of use and the existing traditional practices of the Orang Asli community. Control measures instituted were intense health education to the Orang Asli to avoid using the rivers for defecation, multi agency efforts to provide sanitary toilets and adequate water to the villages affected. Future measures include conducting a sero- prevalence survey to determine the feasibility of Hepatitis A immunization to the susceptible population in this area. The outbreak that began in April 2002 was controlled by October 2002.
authors.affiliation: Selangor State Health Department, Hulu Langat District Health Office.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Venugopalan
authors.forename: N A R
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Nik Rubiah
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Meftahuddin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayu
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Prema
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ruhaini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murugan
mesh_terms: D015984:Causality; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006506:Hepatitis A / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D045483:Rivers / Q000821:virology; D014881:Water Supply