title: fMRI of sensitization to angry faces.
abstract: This study examined what is communicated by facial expressions of anger and mapped the neural substrates, evaluating the motivational salience of these stimuli. During functional magnetic resonance imaging, angry and neutral faces were presented to human subjects. Across experimental runs, signal adaptation was observed. Whereas fearful faces have reproducibly evoked response habituation in amygdala and prefrontal cortex, angry faces evoked sensitization in the insula, cingulate, thalamus, basal ganglia, and hippocampus. Complementary offline rating and keypress experiments determined an aversive rank ordering of angry, fearful, neutral, and happy faces and revealed behavioral sensitization to the angry faces. Subjects rated angry faces, in contrast to other face categories such as fear, as significantly more likely to directly inflict harm. Furthermore, they rated angry faces as significantly less likely to produce positive emotional outcomes than the other face categories. Together these data argue that angry faces, a directly aversive stimulus, produce a sensitization response.
authors.affiliation: Motivation and Emotion Neuroscience Collaboration, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02129, USA. monicams@alum.mit.edu
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Makris
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aharon
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Vangel
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Gasic
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Breiter
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger / Q000502:physiology*; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005239:Fear / Q000502:physiology; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D012938:Social Perception