title: Single-setting bilateral laparoscopic renal surgery: assessment of single-stage procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of single-setting bilateral laparoscopic renal procedures. The continued advancement of laparoscopic surgical technology and surgeon expertise has allowed increasingly technically challenging procedures to be completed laparoscopically. Little has been reported on patient outcome, morbidity, and mortality of bilateral laparoscopic single-stage procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between May 2000 and February 2004, 13 patients underwent synchronous bilateral renal surgery. Both retroperitoneal (n = 5) and transperitoneal (n = 8) approaches were used. The data were retrospectively analyzed for operative time, morbidity, mortality, and postoperative course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bilateral laparoscopic procedures were successfully completed in 11 (85%) of 13 patients. One patient required conversion to an open procedure because of significant adhesions. Another patient with von Hippel-Lindau disease had unexpected extensive pathologic features in each kidney and was therefore treated in a staged fashion. The mean operative time was 5.5 hours (range 4.7 to 8.5). The mean estimated blood loss was 268 mL (range 50 to 950). Patients resumed oral intake and ambulated within 24 hours after surgery. The mean analgesic requirement was 40.5 mg MSO4 equivalents (range 2 to 178). The mean hospital stay was 3.1 days (range 1 to 6). Patients returned to partial activity within the first week and enjoyed full activity at 3 weeks. One intraoperative complication and five postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results have demonstrated that single-setting bilateral laparoscopic renal surgery is safe and can expedite resolution of urologic pathologic findings without increased morbidity. Bilateral single-setting laparoscopic surgery should only be performed if the primary procedure has been completed expeditiously and without complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reisiger
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Figenshau
authors.forename: Gerald L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Andriole
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications