title: Reproduction and gynaecological manifestations in women with primary Sjögren's syndrome: a case-control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The impact of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) on reproduction and gynaecological manifestations has seldom been explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Assess gynaecological aspects, gynaecological interventions, and use of contraceptives in a population of pSS-patients versus controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a case-control study, 58 pSS-patients and 157 controls answered a self-administered questionnaire, covering demographic data, reproductive events, gynaecological problems, and gynaecological interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly more patients than controls reported episodes of amenorrhoea lasting for more than 3 months, and more patients suffered from menorrhagia/metrorrhagia compared with controls (54.5% versus 35.7%; p = 0.012). Complaints of vaginal dryness were common among the patients (52.9% versus 28.3%; p = 0.005). Endometriosis was reported to occur more frequently in the patients (8.5% versus 2.1%; p = 0.03), and 6.3% of pSS-patients reported having undergone surgical intervention for endometriosis versus 0.7% of the controls (p = 0.009). Positive information about surgery for endometriosis correlated with the presence of the autoantibodies anti-SSA (r = 0.322; p = 0.008) and anti-SSB (r = 0.313; p = 0.01). Among the pSS-patients, 5.9% had chosen not to have children due to the disease, but there was no indication of reduced fertility as judged by the number of pregnancies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with pSS reported more gynaecological problems than controls, including vaginal sicca symptoms, endometriosis, several episodes of amenorrhoea, and menorrhagia/metrorrhagia.
authors.affiliation: Esbjerg Central Hospital, Esbjerg, Denmark. HJH@ribeamt.dk
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Haga
authors.forename: C Gram
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gjesdal
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Irgens
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004715:Endometriosis / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008595:Menorrhagia / Q000209:etiology; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000209:etiology*; D008796:Metrorrhagia / Q000209:etiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000209:etiology