title: Lightweight low-profile nine-accelerometer package to obtain head angular accelerations in short-duration impacts.
abstract: Despite recognizing the importance of angular acceleration in brain injury, computations using data from experimental studies with biological models such as human cadavers have met with varying degrees of success. In this study, a lightweight and a low-profile version of the nine-accelerometer system was developed for applications in head injury evaluations and impact biomechanics tests. The triangular pyramidal nine-accelerometer package (PNAP) is precision-machined out of standard aluminum, is lightweight (65 g), and has a low profile (82 mm base width, 35 mm vertex height). The PNAP assures accurate orthogonal characteristics because all nine accelerometers are pre-aligned and attached before mounting on a human cadaver preparation. The feasibility of using the PNAP in human cadaver head studies is demonstrated by subjecting a specimen to an impact velocity of 8.1 m/s and the resultant angular acceleration peaked at 17 krad/s2. The accuracy and the high fidelity of the PNAP device at high and low angular acceleration levels were demonstrated by comparing the PNAP-derived angular acceleration data with separate tests using the internal nine-accelerometer head of the Hybrid III anthropomorphic test device. Mounting of the PNAP on a biological specimen such as a human cadaver head should yield very accurate angular acceleration data.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee WI 53226, USA. yoga@mcw.edu
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoganandan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Pintar
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: King Liu
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D002102:Cadaver; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006257:Head / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019416:Head Movements; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008904:Miniaturization; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014159:Transducers