title: Outcomes from the correction of anorectal malformations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anorectal malformations have been recognized and managed since antiquity, with surgical treatment evolving to maximize anatomic reconstruction, avoid complications, and understand mechanisms of incontinence, ultimately leading to improved quality of life for patients. This review describes recent advances in the management of anorectal malformations, including prenatal diagnosis, newborn treatment, surgical correction, and postoperative care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surgical treatment has improved with better understanding and exposure of anatomy and appreciation of the intimate relation between rectum and urinary tract. Repair of cloacal malformations has evolved to include the total urogenital mobilization and an appreciation of the complex associated Mullerian anomalies. The importance of associated urologic, gynecologic, neurologic, and orthopedic malformations has been recognized. Addition of a bowel management program to patients' postoperative care has increased dramatically the number of children who are clean and dry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Management of anorectal malformations requires an accurate clinical diagnosis, proper newborn treatment, meticulous anatomic reconstruction, and comprehensive postoperative care with the goal of having a child who is clean and dry, with an excellent quality of life, because they either have the capacity for continence or can be kept artificially clean with a comprehensive bowel management program.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Ohio 45229, USA. mlevitt@lij.edu
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Levitt
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Peña
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000601:surgery; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000601:surgery; D002988:Cloaca / Q000002:abnormalities; D003125:Colostomy; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D011379:Prognosis; D012003:Rectal Fistula / Q000601:surgery; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery*; D012447:Sacrum / Q000002:abnormalities; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000601:surgery*