title: Systematic comparison of four sources of drug information regarding adjustment of dose for renal function.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare advice on dosage adjustment for renal impairment provided by four commonly used secondary pharmacotherapeutic sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic comparison of the definitions of renal impairment, recommendations for dosage adjustment, and the evidence in support of these recommendations in four information sources.
  
  
  METHODS
  British National Formulary, Martindale: the Complete Drug Reference, American Hospital Formulary System Drug Information, and Drug Prescribing in Renal Failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two reviewers independently extracted data on recommendations for dosage adjustment for impaired renal function of 100 drugs often used in our hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The four sources differed in their recommendations for adjustments of dosage and dosing interval. They vary in their definitions of renal impairment; some are qualitative and remain unclear. All sources provide only a general description; the methods on which the advice is based and references for original data are rarely presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The remarkable variation in definitions and recommendations, along with scarce details of the methods used to reach this advice, makes the available sources of drug information ill suited for clinical use. The methods used to retrieve information and use data should be described and made available to the reader. Advice on drug prescription, dose and dosing interval, contraindications, and adverse effects should be evidence based.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine E, Beilinson Campus, Rabin Medical Center, Petah-Tiqva, Israel.
authors.forename: Liat
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Maya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shavit
authors.forename: Abigail
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fraser
authors.forename: Mical
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Leonard
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leibovici
mesh_terms: D000075202:Contraindications; D006801:Humans; D007674:Kidney Diseases; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010602:Pharmacopoeias as Topic / Q000592:standards; D012013:Reference Books / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations