title: CD14 tobacco gene-environment interaction modifies asthma severity and immunoglobulin E levels in Latinos with asthma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent family-based genomewide screen revealed linkage between the 5q31 region and the diagnosis of asthma, but only in those exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). Among the candidate genes in this region is CD14.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine whether polymorphisms in the CD14 gene are related to this gene-by-environment interaction in Latinos, we used both family-based and cross-sectional cohort analysis to test for interactions between CD14 genotypes/haplotypes, exposure to ETS, and asthma-related phenotypes in 659 Mexican and Puerto Rican families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD14 gene by sequencing 72 Puerto Ricans, Mexicans, and African Americans with asthma. Three SNPs, -810, -159, and +1437, were further genotyped in families with asthma. Among all subjects with asthma exposed to ETS, without regard to ethnicity, CD14 +1437 genotypes were associated with asthma severity. SNP +1437 GG or GC genotypes were significantly associated with lower baseline FEV1 using both family-based (p = 0.0009) and cross-sectional cohort (p = 0.03) analyses. Subjects with asthma with the GG or GC genotypes who were exposed to ETS had mean baseline FEV1 (% predicted) values 8.6% lower than subjects not exposed to ETS (p = 0.03). As previously observed in whites, we found an interaction between plasma IgE levels, SNP -159 genotypes, and ETS exposure (p = 0.0002). The lowest IgE levels were in those subjects with the TT genotype and who were exposed to ETS regardless of ethnicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest a gene-by-environment interaction between CD14 genotypes and ETS, which affects pulmonary function and IgE levels among Latinos with asthma.
authors.affiliation: University of California-San Francisco, DNA Bank/Lung Biology Center, San Francisco General Hospital, Bldg. 30, 5th Floor, Room 3501H, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
authors.forename: Shweta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.forename: Pedro C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Avila
authors.forename: Sylvette
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nazario
authors.forename: Ngim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ung
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: Jose R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Santana
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Casal
authors.forename: Hui-Ju
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Alfonso
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Elad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ziv
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toscano
authors.forename: Jody Senter
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sylvia
authors.forename: Mariaelena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alioto
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salazar
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gomez
authors.forename: Joanne K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Fagan
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salas
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lilly
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matallana
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Moises
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selman
authors.forename: Scott T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Jean G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Ford
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Drazen
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Cintron
authors.forename: Rocio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chapela
authors.forename: Edwin K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Silverman
authors.forename: Esteban González
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Burchard
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007073:Immunoglobulin E / Q000097:blood*; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics*; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D007073:Immunoglobulin E