title: Internal consistency reliability is a poor predictor of responsiveness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether responsiveness represents a measurement property of health-related quality of life (HRQL) instruments that is distinct from reliability and validity is an issue of debate. We addressed the claims of a recent study, which suggested that investigators could rely on internal consistency to reflect instrument responsiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  516 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or knee injury participating in four longitudinal studies completed generic and disease-specific HRQL questionnaires before and after an intervention that impacted on HRQL. We used Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression to assess the relationship between internal consistency reliability (expressed as Cronbach's alpha), instrument type (generic and disease-specific) and responsiveness (expressed as the standardised response mean, SRM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean Cronbach's alpha was 0.83 (SD 0.08) and mean SRM was 0.59 (SD 0.33). The correlation between Cronbach's alpha and SRMs was 0.10 (95% CI -0.12 to 0.32) across all studies. Cronbach's alpha alone did not explain variability in SRMs (p = 0.59, r2 = 0.01) whereas the type of instrument was a strong predictor of the SRM (p = 0.012, r2 = 0.37). In multivariable models applied to individual studies Cronbach's alpha consistently failed to predict SRMs (regression coefficients between -0.45 and 1.58, p-values between 0.15 and 0.98) whereas the type of instrument did predict SRMs (regression coefficients between -0.25 to -0.59, p-values between <0.01 and 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Investigators must look to data other than internal consistency reliability to select a responsive instrument for use as an outcome in clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Horten Centre, University Hospital, Postfach Nord, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland. milo.puhan@evimed.ch
authors.forename: Milo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Puhan
authors.forename: Dianne
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Guyatt
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Heels-Ansdell
authors.forename: Holger J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Schünemann
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome