title: 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate is a novel nuclear factor kappaB inhibitor with significant activity against multiple myeloma in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is a component of a traditional Asian condiment obtained from the rhizomes of the commonly used ethno-medicinal plant Languas galanga. Here, we show for the first time that ACA dramatically inhibits the cellular growth of human myeloma cells via the inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity. In myeloma cells, cultivation with ACA induced G0-G1 phase cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis. Treatment with ACA induced caspase 3, 9, and 8 activities, suggesting that ACA-induced apoptosis in myeloma cells mediates both mitochondrial- and Fas-dependent pathways. Furthermore, we showed that ACA significantly inhibits the serine phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha. ACA rapidly decreased the nuclear expression of NF-kappaB, but increased the accumulation of cytosol NF-kappaB in RPMI8226 cells, indicating that ACA inhibits the translocation of NF-kappaB from the cytosol to the nucleus. To evaluate the effects of ACA in vivo, RPMI8226-transplanted NOD/SCID mice were treated with ACA. Tumor weight significantly decreased in the ACA-treated mice compared with the control mice. In conclusion, ACA has an inhibitory effect on NF-kappaB, and induces the apoptosis of myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. ACA, therefore, provides a new biologically based therapy for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients as a novel NF-kappaB inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tomonori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakazato
authors.forename: Ming Ji
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Xian
authors.forename: Taketo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Nobumichi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hozumi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohigashi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kizaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism; D013729:Terpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D001592:Benzyl Alcohols; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; C000606204:NFKBIA protein, human; C000606205:Nfkbia protein, mouse; D013729:Terpenes; D019014:fas Receptor; D000072000:NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D020169:Caspases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; C047948:1'-acetoxychavicol acetate