title: Effects of an aquatic versus non-aquatic respiratory exercise program on the respiratory muscle strength in healthy aged persons.
abstract: Aging of the worldwide population is a concern of most governmental entities, spanning practically all areas of prevention and rehabilitation. Aging leads to physiological alterations that result in adverse social and financial effects. There is a trend to emphasize prevention, which is less expensive and socially more desirable than therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a program of aquatic versus non-aquatic respiratory exercises on respiratory muscle strength in healthy aged persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  The respiratory muscle strength was measured in 81 subjects between 60 and 65 years, 59 of which completed the program. Subjects were randomized into 3 groups. G(aquatic) undertook a program of respiratory exercise in an aquatic environment. G(non-aquatic) undertook the same program in a non-aquatic environment. G(control) acted as the negative control. Programs were applied three times a week for 10 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, subjects were reevaluated, and results compared to each individual's pre-treatment own result and between the groups. The data were statistically analyzed using the paired t test and the Sign test. Comparisons between the groups were performed through parametric and nonparametric variance. A comparison of G(aquatic) and G(non-aquatic) versus G(control) was performed using the Dunnett test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant improvement in the inspiratory muscle strength in the G(aquatic) group compared to the G(control), group was found, suggesting beneficial effects mediated by the aquatic exercise. The expiratory muscles did not show significant alterations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aquatic respiratory exercise improves the inspiratory muscle strength of healthy aged persons. However, neither aquatic nor non-aquatic respiratory exercise influences the expiratory muscle strength.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR, Brazil. maizaide@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Maiza Ritomy
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Marize Angélica Vicentini
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Belini
authors.forename: Fátima Aparecida
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Caromano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D013551:Swimming Pools; D013718:Tensile Strength / Q000502:physiology