title: New technologies meeting old professional boundaries: the emergence of carotid artery stenting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid artery stenosis is common and costly. Opinions differ in regard to the impact that carotid angioplasty and stenting (CAS) will have. Vascular surgeons, cardiologists, interventional radiologists, and neurologists all have a stake in the uptake of CAS. We sought to explore physicians' views about the safety and efficacy of CAS and the negotiation of professional boundaries in the treatment of carotid stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a qualitative analysis of key informant interviews with 15 physicians, including four internationally renowned key opinion leaders, representing five medical centers with differing experience adopting CAS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Variation in beliefs about the safety and efficacy of CAS within specialties was overshadowed by variation across the specialties examined. Most informants emphasized the strengths of their specialty in adopting CAS, including frequent patient care (vascular surgery, cardiology, and neurology), extensive catheter experience (cardiology, interventional radiology), and intimate knowledge of the anatomy of vascular and neurovascular disease (vascular surgery, neurology). Several themes were mentioned in regard to the diffusion of CAS, including risks of premature diffusion into low risk populations and the role of patient preferences in CAS uptake. The most common theme in regard to local management of CAS was the strength of interdisciplinary collaboration in the management of patients with carotid artery stenosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAS challenges physicians from several specialties to safely and effectively manage the uptake of an emerging technology crossing traditional specialty lines. Local collaboration of individual physicians and the departments and professional organizations they comprise, will have an important impact on how this technology is adopted.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Patrick O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schwarze
authors.forename: G Caleb
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Alexander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002339:Carotid Arteries; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010348:Patient Care Team; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States