title: Outcomes of border health Spanish/English chronic disease self-management programs.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the community-based Chronic Disease Self-management Program (CDSMP) and the Spanish-language version (Tomando Control de Su Salud) programs as delivered in settings along the Texas/New Mexico/Mexico border. The programs had proven effective in randomized trials, and the authors wished to determine if they would be as effective when administered by others to different populations.
  
  
  
  The El Paso Diabetes Association administered the CDSMP and Tomando to 445 persons with chronic illness (two thirds with diabetes) in Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico. Four-month and 1-year outcomes were compared to baseline using t tests of change scores. Regression models were used to test whether baseline demographics and self-efficacy were associated with positive outcomes of the programs.
  
  
  
  Participants showed improvements in health behaviors, health status, and self-efficacy at both 4 month and 1 year. Baseline self-efficacy and 4-month change in self-efficacy were significantly associated with improved 1-year outcomes.
  
  
  
  The CDSMP and Tomando are effective when used in settings other than that of the original study for populations other than those for which they were initially developed.
authors.affiliation: The Patient Education Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California (Ms Lorig, Mr Ritter)
authors.forename: Kate R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lorig
authors.affiliation: The Patient Education Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California (Ms Lorig, Mr Ritter)
authors.forename: Philip L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ritter
authors.affiliation: Formerly from the El Paso Diabetes Association, El Paso, Texas (Ms Jacquez)
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jacquez
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003153:Community Health Services / Q000458:organization & administration; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control; D019468:Disease Management; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000193:education / Q000208:ethnology; D008800:Mexico / Q000208:ethnology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009516:New Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000458:organization & administration*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012657:Self-Help Groups / Q000458:organization & administration*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology