title: Household income, health and education in a rural area of Myanmar.
abstract: This study was to determine the relationship between a commonly used social stratification indicator, net equivalent income, and self-rated health, long-term disability, visual acuity status, death rate, birth rate, unsafe delivery and school enrollment in a rural area of Myanmar. Data were collected from 3,558 respondents in 805 households of all ages. Data analysis for various items was based on different age groups. The results from two income groups (highest and lowest) are as follows: the percent of those who self-rated their health as very good were 17.8% and 10.4% in the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted coefficient = 0.30, 95% Cl 0.11-0.50); those with an acute medical condition were found in 16.3% and 20.8% in the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR = 1.35, 95% Cl 1.08-1.68); those with long-term disability were found in 15.3% and 21.2% in the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR = 1.39, 95% Cl 1.05-1.84); and those with poor visual acuity at a distance of 13 feet were found in 8.1% and 13.5% in the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR = 1.64, 95% Cl 1.18-2.30). The birth rate ratio was 1.3, the death rate ratio was 1.2, and school enrollment was found in 92.8% and 83.2% in the highest and lowest income groups, respectively (adjusted OR = 0.34, 95% Cl 0.1-0.8). These results indicate that there is an urgent need to strengthen the health care infrastructure and educational system, targeting the poor in rural areas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Research, Lower Myanmar. ohnmar@mptmail.net.mm
authors.lastname: Ohnmar
authors.lastname: Than-Tun-Sein
authors.lastname: Ko-Ko-Zaw
authors.lastname: Saw-Saw
authors.lastname: Soe-Win
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001723:Birth Rate; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004522:Educational Status; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006295:Health Resources / Q000600:supply & distribution; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000145:classification*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D002052:Myanmar / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors