title: Virological profiles in hepatitis B virus inactive carriers: monthly evaluation in 1-year follow-up study.
abstract: STUDY SUBJECT: We longitudinally evaluated the virological behaviour and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic variability in inactive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) chronic carriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen HBsAg-positive healthy workers (13 inactive carriers and 1 with active HBV infection) were followed up for 12 months by monthly evaluation of aminotransferase, HBV DNA, and IgM anti HBV core antigen (IgM anti-HBc) values. Moreover, HBV serum isolates from each case were amplified, cloned and sequenced to evaluate the presence of the potentially clinical relevant core-promoter and precore mutations. The same technical procedures were used to examine the S gene of isolates from 3 randomly selected inactive carriers and the patients with active HBV infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aminotransferase values were constantly normal in all cases. Viremia levels appear to fluctuate widely over time in each individual case, although the HBV DNA remained below 2 x 10(4) copies/ml in all samples. Only four serum samples from two inactive carriers had IgM anti-HBc values higher than the specific cut-off limit of the assay. Either wild type or core-promoter/precore HBV variants or a mixture of them were detected in the inactive carriers. S gene nucleotide homology among the clones from the three inactive carriers and the subject with active infection was 98.9%, 98.3%, 98.1% and 98.2%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The degree of suppression of HBV replication in inactive carriers is variable over time, and the entity and quality of HBV variability is comparable between active and inactive carriers.
authors.affiliation: Unità di Epatologia Clinica e Biomolecolare, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Universita di Messina, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Cacciola
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spatari
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pollicino
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Costantino
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zimbaro
authors.forename: Santa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brancatelli
authors.forename: Concettina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fenga
authors.forename: Gaia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Caccamo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Squadrito
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raimondo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014766:Viremia / Q000821:virology; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D000410:Alanine Transaminase