title: Anti-hu paraneoplastic syndrome presenting as bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsies.
abstract: A 62-year-old woman presented with diplopia caused by bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsies. Two weeks later, she had bulbar weakness and ataxia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed non-specific abnormalities and spinal fluid was acellular but contained an elevated protein and oligoclonal bands. A paraneoplastic screen showed anti-Hu antibodies. Her clinical condition improved with immunoglobulin and systemic corticosteroid treatment. Breast cancer was diagnosed 21 months later by mammography but there were no metastases detected. Four and half years after the onset of her diplopia, she died of diffuse metastatic breast cancer. This is the first reported case of anti-Hu paraneoplastic brain stem encephalitis presenting with sixth cranial nerve palsies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Institute of Neuroscience, Southern General Hospital, 22 Kirkmichael Avenue, Hyndland, Glasgow G11 7QQ, Scotland. Thammam@aol.com
authors.forename: Tarek
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hammam
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McFadzean
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Ironside
mesh_terms: D020434:Abducens Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004172:Diplopia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D015413:Mastectomy, Simple; D008875:Middle Aged; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D020364:Paraneoplastic Polyneuropathy / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D051959:ELAV Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins