title: Comparison of cold lateral compaction and continuous wave of obturation techniques following manual or rotary instrumentation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare different combinations of root canal preparation and obturation technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 freshly extracted human maxillary central incisors were divided into two identical groups on the basis of root canal length and apical diameter. The root canals were prepared by manual crown-down pressureless technique or with a rotary system (ProFile; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) in a crown-down technique. The coronal diameter and apical size of the root canals were standardized in both preparation techniques. Each main group was then divided into two subgroups and obturated with either cold lateral compaction or continuous wave of obturation with System B (EIE-Analytic Technology, Orange, CA, USA). The distribution of filling material in each canal was assessed by stereomicroscopic examination of eight cross-sections on each tooth. Areas of sealer, gutta-percha and voids were measured on the digital images of a total of 384 samples. Manipulation time and apical extrusion for each group was also determined. Data were statistically analysed using Kruskal-Wallis, anova (Bonferroni/Dunn) or Student's t-test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of sealer, gutta-percha and voids area between the obturation techniques was not significantly different (P > 0.05). Continuous wave groups had significantly more apical extrusion of sealer (P < 0.05), while none of the obturation techniques had gutta-percha extrusion. Rotary instrumentation was significantly faster than the manual technique (P < 0.05); continuous wave obturation was significantly faster than lateral compaction (P < 0.05). Total manipulation time in the rotary/continuous wave group was significantly shorter than the other groups (P < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The distribution of filling materials was similar in all combinations of instrumentation and obturation techniques. The continuous wave technique was faster than lateral compaction and it extruded more sealer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey. diljink@med.sdu.edu.tr
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Keçeci
authors.forename: G Celik
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Unal
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Sen
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005119:Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors