title: Surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma; a 10 year experience of a tertiary referral centre in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the outcome of patients operated for hilar cholangiocarcinoma and analyse prognostic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospectively collected database on patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, between 1992 and 2003, and relevant clinical notes were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 174 patients, 96 male, median age 63 years (27-86), were referred. Jaundice was the initial presentation in 167.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERCP was the initial interventional investigation at the referring centre in 150, of which only 30 were stented successfully. PTC and decompression was carried out on 120. In 17, combined PTC and ERCP were required for placement of stents. Seventy-two underwent laparotomy at which 27 had locally advanced disease. Forty-five had potentially curative resections. Extra hepatic bile duct resection was done in 14 patients of which four were R0 resections. Thirty-one had bile duct resection including partial hepatectomy with 19 R0 resections (P=0.042). Post-operative complications developed in 19 patients, and there were 4 30 day mortalities [hepatic insufficiency:/sepsis (n=3), thrombosis of the reconstructed portal vein (n=1)]. Among the patients with R0 resections, the cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 year; was 83, 58, 41%, respectively, and in those with R1 resections were 71, 24, 24%, respectively, (P=0.021). Overall survival was shorter in patients with positive perineural invasion (P=0.066: NS). There was no significant difference in survival between the node positive and negative group. Median survival of patients who underwent liver resection was longer than those with bile duct resection only (30 vs 24 months P=0.43: NS).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ERCP was associated with a high failure rate in achieving pre-operative biliary decompression which was subsequently achieved by PTC. Clear histological margins were associated with improved survival and were better achieved by liver resection as compared to extra hepatic bile duct resection. Positive level I lymph nodes did not adversely impact survival.
authors.affiliation: The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, 3rd Floor, Nuffield House, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tekin
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Aytekin
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bramhall
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Buckels
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Mirza
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom