title: Interrelationships of serum estradiol, estrone, and estrone sulfate, adiposity, biochemical bone markers, and leptin in post-menopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between endogenous estrogens and adiposity, bone markers, and leptin in post-menopausal (PM) women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-three post-menopausal (PM) women participated in a clinical correlational study. Weight, height, waist-hip ratio, fasted morning serum and first morning voided urine samples were obtained to compare body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio, endogenous estrogens, leptin, and bone markers. Serum estradiol, estrone (E1), estrone sulfate (E1S), leptin, osteocalcin, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd) were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant positive relationships were found between BMI and estradiol, E1, and E1S (r = 0.52, 0.38, and 0.29; P < or = 0.001, 0.001, and 0.013 respectively). Significant relationships between leptin and estrogens were revealed, but were not significant when BMI was used as a covariate. Although many subjects revealed elevated bone marker levels, no correlation between estrogens or BMI and bone markers (Dpd and osteocalcin) was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are significant positive correlations between estrogens and BMI in PM women. Increasing levels of estradiol, E1, and E1S with increasing BMI may be an indicator of adiposity, but are without effect as a stimulatory factor on leptin production. Waist-hip ratio did not significantly affect leptin concentrations when accounting for BMI. Due to assay sensitivity in the present study, data represent a more precise representation of these relationships. The lack of correlation between estrogens and bone marker levels may have been due to low estrogen levels in PM women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, USA.
authors.forename: V Daniel
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Castracane
authors.forename: Ginger R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Beverly W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Ogden
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kraemer
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D050154:Adiposity / Q000502:physiology*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000652:urine*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D004970:Estrone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology / Q000652:urine; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D020738:Leptin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D004970:Estrone; D004958:Estradiol; C036020:deoxypyridinoline; C017296:estrone sulfate