title: Trial of trefoil factor 3 enemas, in combination with oral 5-aminosalicylic acid, for the treatment of mild-to-moderate left-sided ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current treatment of ulcerative colitis is imperfect. Trefoil peptides are known to stimulate repair in many models of injury, including animal models of colitis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of trefoil factor family-3 enema treatment in a clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 16 patients with mild-to-moderate left sided ulcerative colitis were recruited into a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study. Patients taking steroids or with proctitis only were excluded. Patients received 75 mL enemas containing either human recombinant trefoil factor family-3 (10 mg/mL) or saline alone once a day for 14 days. All patients also received an oral dose-increment of 1.2 g of mesalazine daily above their normal usage. Patients were assessed at 0, 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Remission was defined as Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index of 0 or 1 with no blood in stool. Individual clinical improvement was defined as a Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index reduction of >3. Data was analysed using chi-square test and anova.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index at entry were 8.5 (trefoil factor family-3 group) and 8 (placebo group). Analysed on an intention-to-treat basis, only one patient went into remission (in trefoil factor family-3 group at day 28). Clinical improvement was seen in two trefoil factor family-3 and three placebo patients on day 14 and two patients in each group on day 28.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increasing the dose of 5-aminosalicylic acid was moderately effective in reducing the Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity Index but was insufficient to induce remission. Trefoil factor family-3 enemas were well-tolerated but did not provide additional benefit above that of adding additional 5-aminosalicylic acid alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Melley
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Playford
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004733:Enema / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019804:Mesalamine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009077:Mucins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010455:Peptides; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010455:Peptides; C082495:TFF3 protein, human; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D019804:Mesalamine