title: Reconstructed epidermis versus human and animal skin in skin absorption studies.
abstract: European chemical policy in general and the REACH initiative in particular will increase the number of chemical substances submitted to toxicological evaluation by several orders of magnitude compared to the current status. To limit animal exposure the resulting enormous increase in testing, however, asks for validated in vitro test systems. While the OECD favours in vitro testing for cutaneous absorption using viable human and animal skin (Guideline 428) the availability of viable human skin is already limited today. We present a comparison of various in vitro techniques suitable for routine skin absorption studies including commercially available reconstructed human epidermis which may be a reliable alternative to excised human and animal skin. In order to develop a protocol for the subsequent transfer to partner laboratories the experimental set-up was analysed stepwise using the OECD reference compounds caffeine and testosterone. Franz cell type, the donor and receptor media for hydrophilic/lipophilic substances, albumin and tensid addition, and storage conditions of the excised skins were systematically varied. A protocol has been developed which now allows to proceed to the pre-validation process.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schreiber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vuia
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rübbelke
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kandárová
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Haberland
authors.forename: U F
authors.initials: UF
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Korting
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liebsch
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfer-Korting
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002470:Cell Survival; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015925:Cryopreservation; D003470:Culture Media; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003470:Culture Media; D002110:Caffeine; D013739:Testosterone