title: Effects of submaximal exercise on adenine nucleotide concentrations in skeletal muscle fibers of horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether disruption of adenine triphosphate (ATP) regeneration and subsequent adenine nucleotide degradation are potential mechanisms for rhabdomyolysis in horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) performing submaximal exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  7 horses with PSSM and 4 control horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  Horses with PSSM performed 2-minute intervals of a walk and trot exercise on a treadmill until muscle cramping developed. Control horses exercised similarly for 20 minutes. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured 4 hours after exercise. Citrate synthase (CS), 3-OH-acylCoA dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase activities prior to exercise and glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) and lactate concentrations before and after exercise were measured in gluteal muscle specimens. Adenine triphosphate, diphosphate (ADP), monophosphate (AMP), and inosine monophosphate (IMP) concentrations were measured before and after exercise in whole muscle, single muscle fibers, and pooled single muscle fibers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum CK activity ranged from 255 to 22,265 U/L in horses with PSSM and 133 to 278 U/L in control horses. Muscle CS activity was lower in horses with PSSM, compared with control horses. Muscle G-6-P lactate, ATP, ADP, and AMP concentrations in whole muscle did not change with exercise in any horses. Concentration of IMP increased with exercise in whole muscle, pooled muscle fibers, and single muscle fibers in horses with PSSM. Large variations in ATP and IMP concentrations were observed within single muscle fibers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased IMP concentration without depletion of ATP in individual muscle fibers of horses with PSSM during submaximal exercise indicates an energy imbalance that may contribute to the development of exercise intolerance and rhabdomyolysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
authors.forename: Erin J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Annandale
authors.forename: Stephanie J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Valberg
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Essen-Gustavsson
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006008:Glycogen Storage Disease / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000662:veterinary*; D005082:Physical Exertion
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides