title: Effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on patient-controlled analgesia morphine side effects: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly combined with intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia to relieve postoperative pain. NSAIDs have a documented 30-50% sparing effect on morphine consumption. However, most of the studies have not demonstrated a decrease in morphine adverse effects. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to evaluate the risk of morphine adverse effects in patients treated with NSAIDs. Twenty-two prospective, randomized, double-blind studies including 2,307 patients were selected. NSAIDs decreased significantly postoperative nausea and vomiting by 30%, nausea alone by 12%, vomiting alone by 32% and sedation by 29%. A regression analysis yielded findings indicating that morphine consumption was positively correlated with the incidence of nausea and vomiting. Pruritus, urinary retention, and respiratory depression were not significantly decreased by NSAIDs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Tenon University Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris Cedex 20, France. emmanuel.marret@tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Marret
authors.forename: Okba
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kurdi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zufferey
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bonnet
mesh_terms: D016058:Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D009020:Morphine