title: Gene expression patterns define key transcriptional events in cell-cycle regulation by cAMP and protein kinase A.
abstract: Although a substantial number of hormones and drugs increase cellular cAMP levels, the global impact of cAMP and its major effector mechanism, protein kinase A (PKA), on gene expression is not known. Here we show that treatment of murine wild-type S49 lymphoma cells for 24 h with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (8-CPT-cAMP), a PKA-selective cAMP analog, alters the expression of approximately 4,500 of approximately 13,600 unique genes. By contrast, gene expression was unaltered in Kin- S49 cells (that lack PKA) incubated with 8-CPT-cAMP. Changes in mRNA and protein expression of several cell-cycle regulators accompanied cAMP-induced G1-phase cell-cycle arrest of wild-type S49 cells. Within 2 h, 8-CPT-cAMP altered expression of 152 genes that contain evolutionarily conserved cAMP-response elements within 5 kb of transcriptional start sites, including the circadian clock gene Per1. Thus, cAMP through its activation of PKA produces extensive transcriptional regulation in eukaryotic cells. These transcriptional networks include a primary group of cAMP-response element-containing genes and secondary networks that include the circadian clock.
authors.affiliation: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94141, USA.
authors.forename: Alexander C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Zambon
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minovitsky
authors.forename: Joan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Kanter
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prabhakar
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salomonis
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vranizan
authors.forename: Inna
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dubchak
authors.forename: Bruce R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Conklin
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Insel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051379:Mice; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D013873:Thionucleotides; C015929:8-((4-chlorophenyl)thio)cyclic-3',5'-AMP; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases