title: Effect of weight loss using formula diet on renal function in obese patients with diabetic nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect and safety of treatment with low-calorie formula diet on renal function and proteinuria in obese patients with diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study on safety and efficacy of a 4-week low-calorie (11-19 kcal/kg/day) normal-protein (0.9-1.2 g/kg/day) diet partly supplemented with formula diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 22 obese patients with diabetic nephropathy (BMI: 30.4+/-5.3 kg/m(2), HbA1c: 7.1+/-1.4%, serum creatinine: 172.4+/-57.5 micromol/l, urinary protein: 3.3+/-2.6 g/day).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean body weight decreased by 6.2+/-3.0 kg. The mean systolic blood pressure, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, urinary protein, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine decreased significantly by 7.5+/-12.7 mmHg, 41.6+/-23.9 micromol/l, 1.50+/-1.61 mmol/l, 1.8+/-1.7 g/day, and 3.1+/-3.6 ng/mg creatinine, respectively. No patient had increased serum creatinine and urinary protein. Mean creatinine clearance (40.6+/-17.9 to 46.1+/-14.6 ml/s/1.73 m(2)) and serum albumin showed no significant changes. Delta serum creatinine and Delta urinary protein correlated with Delta body weight (r=0.62 and 0.49, respectively) and Delta visceral fat area (r=0.58 and 0.58, respectively), but did not correlate with Delta systolic blood pressure, Delta fasting blood glucose and Delta subcutaneous fat area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggested that weight reduction using formula diet might improve renal function and proteinuria safely for a short term in obese patients with diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Center of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolism, Sakura Hospital, School of Medicine, Toho University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saiki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nagayama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohhira
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Endoh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohtsuka
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koide
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirai
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000652:urine; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D003404:Creatinine