title: Human retinal microglia express candidate receptors for HIV-1 infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microglia are the primary antigen presenting cells in the central nervous system and the retina, and can harbour viral antigens that may damage neural tissue via the release of neurotoxins. All cells bearing CD4 molecules and co-receptors (members of the chemokine receptor and Fcgamma receptor families) are potential targets for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this study, retinal microglia (in vitro and in situ) were investigated for the expression of candidate HIV-1 binding receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cultured human retinal microglia and frozen sections of human retinas were used. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate expression of cell surface receptors necessary for HIV-1 infection: CD4, CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), and Fcgamma receptors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human retinal microglia expressed detectable levels of CD4, CD16, CD64, and CCR5 in vitro and Fcgamma receptor I (CD64) in situ.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human retinal microglia express several candidate receptors required for viral binding and as such may be a potential reservoir for HIV-1 infection.
authors.affiliation: Save Sight Institute, GPO Box 4337, Sydney NSW 2001 Australia.
authors.forename: V T
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCluskey
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Madigan
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Penfold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008875:Middle Aged; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D015728:Receptors, HIV / Q000378:metabolism*; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D015728:Receptors, HIV; D017452:Receptors, IgG