Interactions between volatile and nonvolatile coffee components. 1. Screening of nonvolatile components.
This study is the first of two publications that investigate the phenomena of coffee nonvolatiles interacting with coffee volatile compounds. The purpose was to identify which coffee nonvolatile(s) are responsible for the interactions observed between nonvolatile coffee brew constituents and thiols, sulfides, pyrroles, and diketones. The overall interaction of these compounds with coffee brews prepared with green coffee beans roasted at three different roasting levels (light, medium, and dark), purified nonvolatiles, and medium roasted coffee brew fractions (1% solids after 1 or 24 h) was measured using a headspace solid-phase microextraction technique. The dark roasted coffee brew was slightly more reactive toward the selected compounds than the light roasted coffee brew. Selected pure coffee constituents, such as caffeine, trigonelline, arabinogalactans, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, showed few interactions with the coffee volatiles. Upon fractionation of medium roasted coffee brew by solid-phase extraction, dialysis, size exclusion chromatography, or anion exchange chromatography, characterization of each fraction, evaluation of the interactions with the aromas, and correlation between the chemical composition of the fractions and the magnitude of the interactions, the following general conclusions were drawn. (1) Low molecular weight and positively charged melanoidins present significant interactions. (2) Strong correlations were shown between the melanoidin and protein/peptide content, on one hand, and the extent of interactions, on the other hand (R = 0.83-0.98, depending on the volatile compound). (3) Chlorogenic acids and carbohydrates play a secondary role, because only weak correlations with the interactions were found in complex matrixes.
Charles-Bernard
Marielle
M
Nestlé Research Center, P.O. Box 44, Vers-Chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
Kraehenbuehl
Karin
K
Rytz
Andreas
A
Roberts
Deborah D
DD
D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D040503:Coffea / Q000737:chemistry*; D003069:Coffee / Q000737:chemistry*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D011108:Polymers / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D012639:Seeds / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization
D002241:Carbohydrates; D003069:Coffee; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011108:Polymers; C011908:melanoidin polymers; D002726:Chlorogenic Acid