title: Finger extensor variability in TMS parameters among chronic stroke patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study determined the reliability of topographic motor cortical maps and MEP characteristics in the extensor digitorum communis (EDC) evoked by single-pulse TMS among patients with chronic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each of ten patients was studied on three occasions. Measures included location of the EDC hotspot and center of gravity (COG), threshold of activation and average amplitude of the hotspot, number of active sites, map volume, and recruitment curve (RC) slope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Consistent intrahemispheric measurements were obtained for the three TMS mapping sessions for all measured variables. No statistically significant difference was observed between hemispheres for the number of active sites, COG distance or the RC slope. The magnitude and range of COG movement between sessions were similar to those reported previously with this muscle in able-bodied individuals. The average COG movement over three sessions in both hemispheres was 0.90 cm. The average COG movement in the affected hemisphere was 1.13 (+/- 0.08) cm, and 0.68 (+/- 0.04) cm) for the less affected hemisphere. However, significant interhemispheric variability was seen for the average MEP amplitude, normalized map volume, and resting motor threshold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The physiologic variability in some TMS measurements of EDC suggest that interpretation of TMS mapping data derived from hemiparetic patients in the chronic stage following stroke should be undertaken cautiously. Irrespective of the muscle, potential causes of variability should be resolved to accurately assess the impact of pharmacological or physical interventions on cortical organization as measured by TMS among patients with stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. andrew.butler@emory.edu
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahn
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weiss