title: Increases in tumor necrosis factor-alpha following transient global cerebral ischemia do not contribute to neuron death in mouse hippocampus.
abstract: The actions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) produced by resident brain cells and bone marrow-derived cells in brain following a transient global ischemia were evaluated. In wild-type mice (C57Bl/6J) following 20 min ischemia with bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo), TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus were significantly increased at 3 h and 36 h and exhibited a biphasic expression pattern. There were no hippocampal TNF-alpha mRNA expression levels at early time points in either wild-type mice bone marrow transplanted (BMT)-chimeric-TNF-alpha gene-deficient (T/W) or TNF-alpha gene-deficient mice BMT-TNF-alpha gene-deficient mice (T/T), although TNF-alpha mRNA levels were detectable in T/W BMT mice at 36 h. Histopathological findings showed no intergroup differences between wild-type and TNF-alpha gene-deficient mice at 4 and 7 days after transient ischemia. In addition, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was activated within 12 h after global cerebral ischemia, but electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed no intergroup differences between wild type and TNF-alpha gene-deficient mice. In summary, early hippocampal TNF-alpha mRNA expression may not be related to bone marrow-derived cells, and secondary TNF-alpha expression as early as 36 h after ischemia probably resulted mainly from endogenous brain cells and possibly a few bone marrow-derived cells. Although we cannot exclude the possibility of the TNF-alpha contribution to the physiologic changes of hippocampus after transient global ischemia, these results indicate that TNF-alpha does not influence the morphological changes of the hippocampal neurons under our study condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Informative Clinical Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Kuniaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Yuyan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sudo
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Hisayasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seishima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha