title: Cross-cultural equivalence of feeding beliefs and practices: the psychometric properties of the child feeding questionnaire among Blacks and Hispanics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychometrically sound measures are considered a necessary condition for valid research. This study used structural equation modeling to examine the cross-cultural equivalence of a widely used measure of parental beliefs and practices regarding child feeding, the Child Feeding Questionnaire [Birch L.L., Fisher J.O., Grimm-Thomas K., Markey C.N., Sawyer R., Johnson S.L. Confirmatory factor analysis of the child feeding questionnaire: a measure of parental attitudes, beliefs and practices about child feeding and obesity proneness. Appetite 2001;36:201-10].
  
  
  METHODS
  Low-income parents of 101 Black and 130 Hispanic pre-school children (126 girls, 105 boys) completed a reduced version of the CFQ.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmatory factor analyses using LISREL 8.51 supported the hypothesized factor structure but revealed cross-cultural conceptual problems on the perceived child weight factor and problematic items on the restriction factor that were addressed in a modified model. Invariance analyses demonstrated invariance of factor structure, loadings, and covariances in the modified model across ethnic groups. MANCOVA, that controlled for parent BMI and marital status, revealed ethnic differences on the child feeding responsibility, child weight concern, and perceived weight of child factors that were moderated by parent education and child BMI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results supported the use of a modified version of the CFQ among Blacks and Hispanics and revealed no ethnic differences on factor scores, except on interactions with parent education and overweight status of child.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, The Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. cheryla@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Sheryl O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Jennifer O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Nicklas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010290:Parents; D011203:Poverty; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013781:Texas