title: Inflammatory cytokine and thrombin regulation of interleukin-8 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in first trimester human decidua.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Decidual neutrophil infiltration complicates spontaneous abortions associated with inflammation and hemorrhage. Transendothelial neutrophil migration into inflamed tissues involves IL-8-mediated chemoattraction, then neutrophil attachment to endothelial cell-expressed intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess IL-8 and ICAM-1 regulation in decidual inflammation and hemorrhage; the effects of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNFalpha, IL-1beta and the hemostatic, proinflammatory cytokine thrombin were measured on IL-8 expression in first trimester decidual cells (DCs), and ICAM-1 immunostaining was compared in normal, inflamed, and hemorrhagic first trimester decidua.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunohistochemistry of human decidua and in vitro treatment of human decidual cells were performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Academic Medical Center.
  
  
  METHODS
  . DCs were passaged until they were leukocyte-free (CD45 free by FACS), then were incubated with estradiol or medroxyprogesterone acetate alone or with TNFalpha or IL-1beta or thrombin. Normal, inflamed, and hemorrhagic decidua were immunostained for ICAM-1 and the neutrophil marker CD14.
  
  
  METHODS
  ICAM-1 immunostaining was performed in decidua. IL-8 levels in DC-conditioned media were assessed by ELISA and immunoblotting; IL-8 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Endothelial cell ICAM-1 immunostaining was similar in normal and inflamed or hemorrhagic decidua. In cultured DCs, optimal concentrations of IL-1beta, TNFalpha, and thrombin elevated secreted IL-8 levels by 1083 +/- 261-, 370 +/- 77-, and 45 +/- 15-fold, respectively (mean +/- SEM; P < 0.05; n = 8). The effects were dose dependent and were unaffected by medroxyprogesterone acetate. Western blotting confirmed the ELISA results, and corresponding effects on IL-8 mRNA levels were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine/thrombin-enhanced DC IL-8 expression interacts with constitutively expressed ICAM-1 in decidual endothelium to modulate neutrophil trafficking into hemorrhagic and inflamed first trimester decidua.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, Room 335 FMB P.O. Box 208063, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Charles J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Lockwood
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paidas
authors.forename: Graciela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krikun
authors.forename: Louise A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Rachael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masch
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kuczynski
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kliman
authors.forename: Rebecca N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Baergen
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schatz
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003656:Decidua / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004716:Endometritis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D013917:Thrombin