title: No effect of C-reactive protein on early atherosclerosis development in apolipoprotein E*3-leiden/human C-reactive protein transgenic mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with risk of cardiovascular disease. It is not clear whether CRP is causally involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Mouse CRP is not expressed at high levels under normal conditions and increases in concentration only several-fold during an acute phase response. Because the dynamic range of human CRP is much larger, apolipoprotein E*3-Leiden (E3L) transgenic mice carrying the human CRP gene offer a unique model to study the role(s) of CRP in atherosclerosis development.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atherosclerosis development was studied in 15 male and 15 female E3L/CRP mice; E3L transgenic littermates were used as controls. The mice were fed a hypercholesterolemic diet to induce atherosclerosis development. Cholesterol exposure did not differ between E3L/CRP and E3L mice. Plasma CRP levels were on average 10.2+/-6.5 mg/L in male E3L/CRP mice, 0.2+/-0.1 mg/L in female E3L/CRP mice, and undetectable in E3L mice. Quantification of atherosclerosis showed that lesion area in E3L/CRP mice was not different from that in E3L mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that mildly elevated levels of CRP in plasma do not contribute to the development of early atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic E3L/CRP mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trion
authors.forename: M P M
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Maat
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jukema
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van der Laarse
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Offerman
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Havekes
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Szalai
authors.forename: H M G
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Princen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Emeis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D004435:Eating; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009000:Monocytes / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D053318:Apolipoprotein E3; D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol