title: Internalization and trafficking of guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A.
abstract: One of the principal loci involved in the regulatory action of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) is guanylyl cyclase/natriuretic peptide receptor-A (GC-A/NPRA), whose ligand-binding efficiency and GC catalytic activity vary remarkably in different target cells and tissues. In its mature form, NPRA resides in the plasma membrane and contains an extracellular ligand-binding domain, a single transmembrane region, and the intracellular protein kinase-like homology domain (KHD) and guanylyl cyclase (GC) catalytic domain. NPRA is a dynamic cellular macromolecule that traverses through different compartments of the cell through its lifetime. Binding of ligand to NPRA triggers a complex array of signal transduction events and accelerates the endocytosis. The endocytic transport is important in regulating signal transduction, formation of specialized signaling complexes, and modulation of specific components of internalization events. The present review describes the experiments which reveal the internalization of ligand-receptor complexes of NPRA, receptor trafficking and recycling, and delivery of both ligand-receptor molecules into subcellular compartments. The ligand-receptor complexes of NPRA are finally degraded within the lysosomes. The experimental evidence provides a consensus forum, which establishes the endocytosis, cellular trafficking, sequestration, and metabolic processing of ANP/NPRA complexes in the intact cells. The discussion is afforded to address the experimental insights into the mechanisms that cells utilize in modulating the delivery and metabolic processing of ligand-bound NPRA into the cell interior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center and School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. kpandey@tulane.edu
authors.forename: Kailash N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Pandey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004705:Endocytosis; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008024:Ligands; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D021381:Protein Transport; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008024:Ligands; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D017461:Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor; C091715:atrial natriuretic factor receptor A