title: Correlation coefficients between the dioxin levels in mother's milk and the distances to the nearest waste incinerator which was the largest source of dioxins from each mother's place of residence in Tokyo, Japan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To observe the relationship between the PCDD/F and Co-PCB levels in samples of human breast milk and nearby waste incinerators in Tokyo, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Breast milk was taken from 240 mothers residing in Tokyo, Japan to measure and analyze the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs; 14 congeners), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs; 15 congeners), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs; 12 congeners) contained in the fat. Individual milk samples (about 50 ml) were obtained from the mothers 30 days after delivery, between the months of June and September in 1999 and 2000. A map of Tokyo was used to measure the distances between each mother's place of residence and the closest public and industrial waste incinerators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distances to the nearest waste incinerators bore no apparent correlations with the congeners of PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs. The distances were also uncorrelated with the mean toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) of PCDD/Fs (the sum of PCDDs and PCDFs), Co-PCBs, and the total PCDD/Fs and Co-PCBs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although waste incinerators were the largest source of dioxins in Japan at the time of the study, the dioxins levels of mother's milk bore no apparent relationships with the distances between the mothers' domiciles and the nearest waste incinerators. In this study, several meaningful factors were not taken into account, namely, the wind direction, the level of dioxin emitted from each incinerator, the level of environmental pollution of dioxins, and the average time the mothers stayed at home each day. A full understanding of these points awaits future studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Jichi Medical School, Yakushiji 3311-1, Minamikawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan. tajimi@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tajimi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Uehara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D017745:Incineration; D007564:Japan; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry*; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls