title: Excessive sleepiness in adolescents and young adults: causes, consequences, and treatment strategies.
abstract: Adolescents and young adults are often excessively sleepy. This excessive sleepiness can have a profound negative effect on school performance, cognitive function, and mood and has been associated with other serious consequences such as increased incidence of automobile crashes. In this article we review available scientific knowledge about normal sleep changes in adolescents (13-22 years of age), the factors associated with chronic insufficient sleep, the effect of insufficient sleep on a variety of systems and functions, and the primary sleep disorders or organic dysfunctions that, if untreated, can cause excessive daytime sleepiness in this population.
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Millman
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D001334:Automobile Driving; D002648:Child; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000528:radiation effects; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D008297:Male; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011627:Puberty; D012574:Schools; D020919:Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology