title: Genotyping Parkinson disease-associated mitochondrial polymorphisms.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to establish a system for rapidly detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) using hybridization probes and melting temperature (T(m)) analysis. This technology should prove useful for population-based studies on the interaction between genetic factors and environmental exposures and the risk of Parkinson disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was extracted from whole blood. Rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and melting curve analyses were performed with primers and fluorochrome-labeled probes on a LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemical, Mannheim, Germany). Genotyping of 10 SNPs in 15 subjects was based on the analysis of allele-specific T(m) of detection probes. The results of melting curve analyses were verified by sequencing all 150 PCR products.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Real-time monitoring showed optimal PCR amplification of each mtDNA fragment. The nucleotide changes at positions 1719, 4580, 7028, 8251, 9055, 10398, 12308, 13368, 13708, and 16391 from wild-type to mutant genotype resulted in 6.51, 8.29, 3.26, 7.82, 4.79, 2.84, 2.73, 9.04, 8.53, and 9.52 degrees C declines in T(m) of the detection probes, respectively. Genotyping of all 150 samples was verified by 100% correspondence with the results of sequencing. Fourteen subjects were haplogrouped by combining results for all 10 SNPs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A rapid and reliable detection system for identifying mitochondrial polymorphisms and haplotypes was developed based on hybridization probe technology. This method may be suitable for mitochondrial genotyping of samples from large-scale epidemiology studies, and may prove useful for exploring the molecular etiopathogenesis of PD, identifying markers of genetic susceptibility, and protecting susceptible individuals from PD.
authors.affiliation: National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation, Marshfield, Wisconsin 54449, USA.
authors.forename: Yiguo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Tammy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Anne R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Greenlee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial