title: Radiobiology and gray science: flaws in landmark new radiation protections.
abstract: The International Commission on Radiological Protection--whose regularly updated recommendations are routinely adopted as law throughout the globe--recently issued the first-ever ICRP protections for the environment. These draft 2005 proposals are significant both because they offer the commission's first radiation protections for any non-human parts of the planet and because they will influence both the quality of radiation risk assessment and environmental protection, as well as the global costs of nuclear-weapons cleanup, reactor decommissioning and radioactive waste management. This piece argues that the 2005 recommendations are scientifically and ethically flawed, or gray, in at least three respects: first, in largely ignoring scientific journals while employing mainly "gray literature;" second, in relying on non-transparent dose estimates and models, rather than on actual radiation measurements; and third, in ignoring classical ethical constraints on acceptable radiation risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Philosophy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA. Kristin.Shrader-Frechette.1@nd.edu
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shrader-Frechette
mesh_terms: D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D006801:Humans; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D011853:Radiobiology / Q000941:ethics*