title: Replacing a Swiss ball for an exercise bench causes variable changes in trunk muscle activity during upper limb strength exercises.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The addition of Swiss balls to conventional exercise programs has recently been adopted. Swiss balls are an unstable surface which may result in an increased need for force output from trunk muscles to provide adequate spinal stability or balance. The aim of the study was to determine whether the addition of a Swiss ball to upper body strength exercises results in consistent increases in trunk muscle activation levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The myoelectric activity of four trunk muscles was quantified during the performance of upper body resistance exercises while seated on both a stable (exercise bench) and labile (swiss ball) surface. Participants performed the supine chest press, shoulder press, lateral raise, biceps curl and overhead triceps extension. A repeated measures ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey test was used to determine the influence of seated surface type on muscle activity for each muscle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no statistically significant (p < .05) difference in muscle activity between surface conditions. However, there was large degree of variability across subjects suggesting that some individuals respond differently to surface stability. These findings suggest that the incorporation of swiss balls instead of an exercise bench into upper body strength training regimes may not be justified based only on the belief that an increase spinal stabilizing musculature activity is inherent. Biomechanically justified ground based exercises have been researched and should form the basis for spinal stability training as preventative and therapeutic exercise training regimes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Selected trunk muscle activity during certain upper limb strength training exercises is not consistently influenced by the replacement of an exercise bench with a swiss ball.
authors.affiliation: Department of Graduate Studies, Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College, Toronto, ON, Canada. glehman@cmcc.ca
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Lehman
authors.forename: Trish
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Langley
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pemrose
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tregaskis