title: Glomerular maps without cellular redundancy at successive levels of the Drosophila larval olfactory circuit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Drosophila larvae possess only 21 odorant-receptor neurons (ORNs), whereas adults have 1,300. Does this suggest that the larval olfactory system is built according to a different design than its adult counterpart, or is it just a miniature version thereof?
  
  
  RESULTS
  By genetically labeling single neurons with FLP-out and MARCM techniques, we analyze the connectivity of the larval olfactory circuit. We show that each of the 21 ORNs is unique and projects to one of 21 morphologically identifiable antennal-lobe glomeruli. Each glomerulus seems to be innervated by a single projection neuron. Each projection neuron sends its axon to one or two of about 28 glomeruli in the mushroom-body calyx. We have discovered at least seven types of projection neurons that stereotypically link an identified antennal-lobe glomerulus with an identified calycal glomerulus and thus create an olfactory map in a higher brain center.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The basic design of the larval olfactory system is similar to the adult one. However, ORNs and projection neurons lack cellular redundancy and do not exhibit any convergent or divergent connectivity; 21 ORNs confront essentially similar numbers of antennal-lobe glomeruli, projection neurons, and calycal glomeruli. Hence, we propose the Drosophila larva as an "elementary" olfactory model system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ariane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramaekers
authors.forename: Edwige
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Magnenat
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Marin
authors.forename: Nanaë
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gendre
authors.forename: Gregory S X E
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Jefferis
authors.forename: Liqun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Reinhard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Stocker
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007814:Larva / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology; D018035:Receptors, Odorant / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018035:Receptors, Odorant; D004254:DNA Nucleotidyltransferases; C045119:FLP recombinase