title: Template evaporation method for controlling anatase nanocrystal size in ordered macroporous TiO2.
abstract: The importance of pure-phase titanium oxide materials as catalysts, sensors, and photonic band-gap materials has been growing steadily. Recently, more attention has been focused on nanostructured titanium oxide showing controlled and periodic porosity on a nanometric scale. The nanocrystal size control of porous nanostructured titanium oxide in an anatase form is a crucial step for the organic template method. Simple template removal by evaporation in an inert atmosphere is reported in this article and compared with the calcination technique usually reported in the literature. The proposed method allows the formation of a double-porous (macro and meso) anatase phase. We demonstrate that it highly preserves the macropore order into a titanium oxide material and induces narrowly dispersed mesopores by controlling the nano-crystal size that is kept around 6 nm. For the proposed method, polystyrene beads are particularly suitable as templates, being evaporated in the temperature range of anatase existence. The final high surface area makes the materials appealing for applications as photocatalysts or sensors.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati-Sezione di Bologna, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via P. Gobetti, 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. c.dionigi@ism.bo.cnr.it
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dionigi
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Calestani
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ferraroni
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ruani
authors.forename: Leonarda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.forename: Petr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nozar
authors.forename: Dimitros
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palles