title: Method for determining automatic external defibrillator need at mass gatherings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A method for determining the number of automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) required for a 3-min response at mass gatherings has been described previously. Our study sought to modify the method, replicate it, then validate the results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) were timed walking defined courses in a football stadium. Velocities were obtained for a horizontal distance and ascending/descending upper and lower decks. This was replicated in a basketball arena. To validate, actual response times were compared to predicted times for predetermined distances in each venue. Predicted response times were calculated using the second standard deviation velocities as the most pessimistic. Numbers of AEDs needed were calculated using predicted response times for each venue's longest distance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average velocities in m/s (football) were horizontal 1.7, lower deck 1.6 ascending and 1.4 descending, upper deck 1.0 ascending and 1.1 descending. Average velocities (basketball) were horizontal 1.7, lower deck 1.2 ascending and descending, upper deck 0.9 ascending and descending. In the validation phase, every EMT completed the four predetermined courses within the predicted intervals. Predicted response times were 363 s for the longest football stadium distance, and 187 s for the basketball arena. For a 3-min (180 s) response, the number of AEDs required can be calculated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This method was easily replicated and appears to be useful for determining the number of AEDs at mass gatherings. The number of AEDs needed for any desired response interval can be calculated using the predicted response time for the longest distance within an arena.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Tracy M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Motyka
authors.forename: James E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Winslow
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Jane H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Brice
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D022561:Advanced Cardiac Life Support / Q000295:instrumentation*; D047548:Defibrillators / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004554:Electric Countershock / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D020380:Needs Assessment; D011633:Public Facilities; D013177:Sports; D013997:Time Factors; D013996:Time and Motion Studies