title: Gastrostomy in oropharyngeal cancer patients with ERCC4 (XPF) germline variants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ERCC4 (XPF) plays a role in both recombinant DNA repair and nucleotide excision repair, which involve repairing radiation-induced genetic damage. We hypothesized that two ERCC4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms are associated with normal-tissue toxicity in patients treated with radiotherapy for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of the medical records of 130 patients with OPSCC who were prospectively recruited into a molecular epidemiologic study was performed to determine whether a long-term percutaneous feeding gastrostomy (LPFG) tube (a tube required for more than 180 days) had been used during and after definitive radiotherapy. We determined the genotype of the ERCC4 G1244A and T2505C polymorphisms using standard polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism techniques on DNA extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 130 patients, 100 (77%) were evaluable for the ERCC4 G1244A polymorphism in exon 8, and 122 (94%) were evaluable for the ERCC4 T2505C polymorphism in exon 11. The ERCC4 G1244A polymorphism was associated with a decreased need for LPFG, but this was not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.10-2.78). Sixteen (32%), 9 (14%), and 1 (10%) of patients with the wild-type homozygous TT genotype of ERCC4 T2505C, the heterozygous TC genotype, and the homozygous CC polymorphic genotype, respectively, required LPFG. These results suggest that the ERCC4 2505C allele was associated with a reduced need for LPFG (adjusted odds ratio = 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.67). Furthermore, the need for LPFG was reduced by having more than 1 ERCC4 2505C allele and further for having both the ERCC4 1244A and 2505C polymorphic alleles, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, the actual time of gastrostomy dependence was associated with the T2505C polymorphism based on the Kaplan-Meier method (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that the ERCC4 T2505C polymorphism may be associated with improved recovery from radiation treatment toxicity in patients with OPSCC. Further study with larger sample sizes and prospective measure of radiotherapy-induced toxicity is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kornguth
authors.forename: Adam S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Garden
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Kristina R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Dahlstrom
authors.forename: Qingyi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Erich M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sturgis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000483:Alleles; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005774:Gastrostomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C095888:xeroderma pigmentosum group F protein