title: Identification of degradome components associated with prostate cancer progression by expression analysis of human prostatic tissues.
abstract: Extracellular proteases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and serine protease families participate in many aspects of tumour growth and metastasis. Using quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis, we have undertaken a comprehensive survey of the expression of these enzymes and of their natural inhibitors in 44 cases of human prostate cancer and 23 benign prostate specimens. We found increased expression of MMP10, 15, 24, 25 and 26, urokinase plasminogen activator-receptor (uPAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), and the newly characterised serine proteases hepsin and matriptase-1 (MTSP1) in malignant tissue compared to benign prostate tissue. In contrast, there was significantly decreased expression of MMP2 and MMP23, maspin, and the protease inhibitors tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3), TIMP4 and RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs) in the cancer specimens. The expression of MMP15 and MMP26 correlated positively with Gleason score, whereas TIMP3, TIMP4 and RECK expression correlated negatively with Gleason score. The cellular localisation of the expression of the deregulated genes was evaluated using primary malignant epithelial and stromal cell cultures derived from radical prostatectomy specimens. MMP10 and 25, hepsin, MTSP1 and maspin showed predominantly epithelial expression, whereas TIMP 3 and 4, RECK, MMP2 and 23, uPAR and PAI1 were produced primarily by stromal cells. These data provide the first comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the expression and localisation of MMPs and their inhibitors in human prostate cancer, leading to the identification of several genes involved in proteolysis as potential prognostic indicators, in particular hepsin, MTSP1, MMP26, PAI1, uPAR, MMP15, TIMP3, TIMP4, maspin and RECK.
authors.affiliation: Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK.
authors.forename: A C P
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Riddick
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shukla
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Pennington
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bass
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Nuttall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hogan
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sethia
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Maitland
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C115460:RECK protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases