title: Ultramicroscopic and biochemical changes in ram spermatozoa cryopreserved with trehalose-based hypertonic extenders.
abstract: The ability of a range of extenders to cryopreserve ram spermatozoa was tested. The extenders were modified by the inclusion of citrate, Tris buffer, trehalose, and EDTA. Ejaculates from three Pampinta rams were evaluated and pooled at 30 degrees C. The semen was diluted to contain 1 x 10(9) cells/mL, cooled to 5 degrees C, loaded into 0.25-mL straws, frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Evaluation was based on the hypoosmotic swelling test (HOS test), electron microscopy, and biochemical parameters such as lipid peroxidation and reduced and total glutathione levels, all measured after thawing. The HOS test indicated that the percentage of intact plasma membranes after freezing and thawing was significantly higher for the hypertonic extender containing trehalose (T), compared with an extender containing trehalose+EDTA (TE) or an isotonic Tris extender (B) (p < 0.05). Membrane evaluation by ultramicroscopy also indicated better sperm cryopreservation in extender T compared with the others, and there was a significant reduction in the number of damaged membranes (27%, p < 0.0002). The level of reduced glutathione was significantly higher after sperm cryopreservation in either hypertonic diluent (T and TE) with respect to the isotonic extender B, immediately after thawing (12%) and after a 3-h post-thawing thermotolerance test at 37 degrees C (17%, p = 0.007). Total glutathione levels did not show statistical differences among the extenders. After 3h post-thawing incubation at 37 degrees C, lipid peroxide levels in spermatozoa were statistically lower for T than TE (35%) or isotonic extender B (44%) (p = 0.002). Taken together these results indicate a reduction in the oxidative stress provoked by freezing and thawing when semen is cryopreserved in extender T. The antioxidant properties of extender T may be related to its effectiveness in membrane cryopreservation.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Teriogenología, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Ruta 151 km 12 (8303) Cinco Saltos, Río Negro, Argentina. eduardoaisen@hotmail.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Aisen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venturino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019343:Citric Acid; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D014199:Trehalose; D014325:Tromethamine
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D014325:Tromethamine; D019343:Citric Acid; D004492:Edetic Acid; D014199:Trehalose; D005978:Glutathione