Symptom components of standard depression scales and past suicidal behavior.
BACKGROUND
Global severity on depression scales may obscure associations between specific symptoms and suicidal behavior.


METHODS
We studied 298 persons with major depressive disorder. Factor analysis of the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to compare symptom clusters between past suicide attempters and non-attempters.


RESULTS
Factor analyses extracted five HDRS and three BDI factors. Suicide attempters had significantly lower scores on an HDRS anxiety factor and higher scores on a BDI self-blame factor. The factor scores correlated with total number of suicide attempts and with known risk factors for suicidal behavior.


CONCLUSIONS
The differences in factor scores between suicide attempters and non-attempters were significant but modest and may be most relevant in suggesting areas for further clinical studies. Structured diagnostic interviews in this study may have limited the detection of Bipolar II or milder bipolar spectrum disorders.


CONCLUSIONS
Depressed suicide attempters exhibit comparably severe mood and neuro-vegetative symptoms, but less anxiety and more intense self-blame than non-attempters. This clinical profile may help guide studies of biological correlates and of treatments to reduce suicide risk.
Grunebaum
Michael F
MF
Department of Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States. mfg14@columbia.edu
Keilp
John
J
Li
Shuhua
S
Ellis
Steven P
SP
Burke
Ainsley K
AK
Oquendo
Maria A
MA
Mann
J John
JJ
D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001007:Anxiety; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013406:Suicide, Attempted