title: Silent cerebral infarction in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: echocardiographic correlates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have an increased risk of thromboembolic events. Incidence of silent cerebral infarction (SCI) has not been investigated in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of SCI in patients with DCM and to determine its associations with echocardiographic parameters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two patients (mean age 62+/-12 years) with DCM underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging in addition to transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic examination. A total of 56 age-matched healthy volunteers served as a control group for comparison SCI prevalence. Prevalence of SCI was significantly higher in patients with DCM (35% vs. 3.6%; p<0.001). In DCM group, patients with SCI had significantly impaired left ventricular systolic function, higher frequency of restrictive diastolic filling, moderate to severe left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), aortic SEC, and complex atherosclerosis or calcified plaques in the aorta. In logistic regression analysis, type of diastolic filling emerged as the only independent risk factor for SCI (p<0.001). When the type of diastolic filling was removed from the analysis, ejection fraction, marked left atrial SEC, complex-calcified aortic atheroma and age appeared as the other independent risk factors (p = 0.003, p = 0.009, p = 0.013 and p = 0.018, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCI is a frequent finding in DCM patients. Impaired systolic function, restrictive filling pattern, presence of moderate to severe left atrial SEC, and complex atherosclerosis in the aorta are the factors contributing to the development of SCI.
authors.affiliation: Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey. gkozdag@superonline.com
authors.forename: Guliz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kozdag
authors.forename: Ercument
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciftci
authors.forename: Ahmet
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.forename: Macit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selekler
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ural
authors.forename: Goksel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Aysen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agacdiken
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Demirci
authors.forename: Sezer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komsuoglu
authors.forename: Baki
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Komsuoglu
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fici
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology; D004452:Echocardiography; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors