title: Long-term analysis of the resistance development in HIV-1 positive patients treated with protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors: correlation of the genotype and disease progression.
abstract: In this study, 27 HIV-1-positive patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Czech Republic were followed for a period of up to 7 years. Variability of the HIV-1 protease (PR) sequence common in the Czech Republic was observed. Under the pressure of inhibitors of protease (PRIs) and reverse transcriptase (RTIs) mutations in PR were detected. Development of resistance to PRIs was followed by a decrease in CD4 count and increase in viral load. The dynamics of viral load closely corresponded to the accumulation of specific primary mutations in PR and RT. Out of 27 patients 18 developed resistance to PRIs and the prolonged therapy led to the accumulation of a higher number of amino acid changes associated with the resistance and, consequently, cross-resistance to several PRIs was observed. These multi-resistant variants of HIV-1 with mutations in PR could not be inhibited sufficiently with PRIs that are currently available in clinical practice. Efficient yet temporary suppression of viral replication was achieved by a lopinavir (LPV) treatment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Václavíková
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Machala
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reinis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Linka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brůcková
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vandasová
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stanková
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Konvalinka
mesh_terms: D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D018153:Czech Republic; D018450:Disease Progression; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease