title: Molds in floor dust and building-related symptoms among adolescent school children: a problem for boys only?
abstract: In this stratified cross-sectional study in eight 'wet' and seven 'dry' schools, 1024 adolescent school children reported potentially building-related symptoms (BRS) in self-administrated questionnaires. From their classrooms dust samples were collected from floors, ventilation ducts, and air; settled dust was collected in cardboard boxes over a period of 5 months. Measurements of temperature, relative humidity and CO2 were performed. BRS were strongly associated with personal factors like recent airway infections, hay fever, asthma and psycho-social work load, but also to molds in floor dust and presence of mechanical ventilation. The association between molds in floor dust and BRS has in stratified analyses shown a strong association among adolescent school boys, and no association among adolescent school girls using multivariable analyses controlling for relevant confounders. In contrast to the menstruating school girls, the symptoms among the small group of not yet menstruating girls were associated with the levels of molds in floor dust. Their symptom prevalences were very similar to those of the boys. This finding makes us suggest a new hypothesis: The higher endogenous estrogen levels of sexually matured adolescent females seems to protect them from the effects of molds in dust, despite their overall higher symptom prevalence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cross-sectional epidemiological study of adolescent school children we found independent significant positive associations between building-related symptoms and viable molds in floor dust in boys and non-menstruating girls. In contrast, no such associations were seen among menstruating girls. The identification of these two susceptible groups adds further support the relevance of minimizing sources of dust and mold exposure.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiological Research Unit, Clinic of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, H:S Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen NV, Denmark. hmeyer@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Würtz
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Suadicani
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Valbjørn
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigsgaard
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gyntelberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004391:Dust; D005260:Female; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D005658:Fungi / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012574:Schools; D012737:Sex Factors; D018877:Sick Building Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*; D013334:Students; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D004391:Dust