title: Guanine nucleotide exchange-independent activation of Gs protein by beta2-adrenoceptor.
abstract: beta2-adrenoceptor-mediated activation of Gs and adenylyl cyclase or other receptor-mediated G protein activations is believed to occur by receptor-catalyzed replacement of GDP with GTP on the alpha-subunit of the G protein. Here we showed that a beta2-adrenoceptor-Gs system, heterologously expressed in cyc- or human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells, can be activated in the presence of GDP or its phosphorylation-resistant analog, guanosine 5'-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDPbetaS). The potency and maximal ability of GDP to activate Gs and adenylyl cyclase were identical to those of GTP. GDP-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase, similar to that mediated by GTP, was concentration-dependent, required high magnesium concentrations, was inhibited by inverse agonists, and was correlated with the efficacy of receptor ligands used to stimulate the receptor. UDP did not block the GDP-mediated activation, although it completely blocked the formation of a small amount of GTP ( approximately 5% GDP) from GDP. Moreover, the activation of Gs in the presence of GDP was insensitive to cholera toxin treatment of the cells, whereas that observed in the presence of GTP was amplified by the treatment, which showed that the activation observed in the presence of GDP was not mediated by GTP. Therefore, we concluded that GDP itself could mediate beta-adrenoceptor-induced activation of Gs-adenylyl cyclase system as much as GTP. We discuss the results in the context of the current paradigm of receptor-mediated G protein activation and propose an additional mode of activation for beta2-adrenoceptor-G(s) adenylyl cyclase system where nucleotide exchange is not necessary and GDP and GTP play identical roles in receptor-induced Gs protein activation.
authors.affiliation: Ankara Universitesi Tip Fakültesi, Farmakoloji ve Klinik Farmakoloji Ab.D. Sihhiye 06100, Ankara, Turkey. onaran@dialup.ankara.edu.tr.
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ugur
authors.forename: Sükrü Sadik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Oner
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Molinari
authors.forename: Caterina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ambrosio
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sayar
authors.forename: H Ongun
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Onaran
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000378:metabolism*; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases