Unreconciled inconsistencies: a critical review of the concept of social justice in 3 national nursing documents.
A critical review of the American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements, Nursing's Social Policy Statement, and Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice provides evidence that these documents present an inconsistent, ambiguous, and superficial conceptualization of social justice, and do not offer an adequate framework for nurses to address underlying issues that affect health outcomes. Despite expansive references to the historic role of nursing in social reform, the documents implicitly reinforce nursing practice directed toward the individual nurse-patient relationship and give short shrift to nursing models that endorse broad systems change intended to improve health.
Bekemeier
Betty
B
Turning Point National Program Office, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. bettybek@u.washington.edu
Butterfield
Patricia
P
D000575:American Nurses' Association; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D032781:Codes of Ethics; D003210:Concept Formation; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D018166:Health Care Reform / Q000941:ethics / Q000458:organization & administration; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016294:Models, Nursing; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D009936:Organizational Innovation; D010687:Philosophy, Nursing; D011057:Politics; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D012660:Semantics; D012922:Social Change; D012935:Social Justice / Q000941:ethics*; D013597:Systems Analysis; D013850:Thinking; D014481:United States