title: Modified vaccinia virus Ankara protects macaques against respiratory challenge with monkeypox virus.
abstract: The use of classical smallpox vaccines based on vaccinia virus (VV) is associated with severe complications in both naive and immune individuals. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a highly attenuated replication-deficient strain of VV, has been proven to be safe in humans and immunocompromised animals, and its efficacy against smallpox is currently being addressed. Here we directly compare the efficacies of MVA alone and in combination with classical VV-based vaccines in a cynomolgus macaque monkeypox model. The MVA-based smallpox vaccine protected macaques against a lethal respiratory challenge with monkeypox virus and is therefore an important candidate for the protection of humans against smallpox.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, Building Hoboken, Room Ee 17.26, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Koert J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stittelaar
authors.forename: Geert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Amerongen
authors.forename: Ivanela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kondova
authors.forename: Thijs
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuiken
authors.forename: Rob F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: van Lavieren
authors.forename: Frank H M
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Pistoor
authors.forename: Hubert G M
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Niesters
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van Doornum
authors.forename: Ben A M
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: van der Zeijst
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mateo
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Chaplin
authors.forename: Albert D M E
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Osterhaus
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D008993:Monkeypox virus / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine