title: Transthoracic hepatic radiofrequency ablation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an alternative for the treatment of unresectable hepatic tumors. Tumors beneath the diaphragmatic dome may be difficult to access by laparoscopy. In these cases, a transthoracic transdiaphragmatic approach for delivering RFA can be used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with hepatic metastatic disease were treated using a transthoracic transdiaphragmatic approach to deliver RFA therapy for tumors in liver segments 7 and 8. The patients underwent thoracoscopy. The tumors were identified using transdiaphragmatic ultrasound, and transthoracic transdiaphragmatic RFA (TTRFA) was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In three patients, TTRFA was successfully used to ablate five lesions. There were no perioperative complications, blood loss was minimal,and postoperative hospital stays ranged from 2 to 8 days. There were no recurrences during a follow-up period of 4 to 20 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TTRFA is a viable alternative for hepatic tumors located beneath the dome of the diaphragm that are difficult to access by laparoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Oregon Health & Science University Medical School, Portland, OR, USA.
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: O'Rourke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013909:Thorax