title: TIMP-1 antisense gene transfection attenuates the invasive potential of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and inhibits tumor growth in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  TIMP-1 overexpression decreases the invasive potential of pancreatic cancer cells. By tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 antisense gene transfection, we expected to produce aggressive pancreatic cancer cells with increased in vitro and in vivo invasive potential.
  
  
  METHODS
  PANC-1 cells were transfected with either TIMP-1 gene (CD-1), antisense TIMP-1 gene (AS-3), or empty vector (MB-3). The in vitro cell growth kinetics and invasive potential of each cell line were compared. Total and active matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 levels were determined. Each cell line was then implanted in athymic mice and the resultant tumors were compared for size, weight, MMP activity, and TIMP-1 expression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TIMP-1 modulation did not affect cell proliferation in vitro, but its underexpression and, to a lesser extent, overexpression resulted in attenuated tumor growth in vivo. AS-3 cells showed marked decreases in cell invasion and MMP-2 activity in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TIMP-1 manipulation, particularly underexpression, greatly reduces the invasive potential of pancreatic cancer by limiting MMP-2 activity without affecting in vitro cell growth. TIMP-1 is a reasonable molecular target in pancreatic cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, PO Box 1289, Tampa, FL 33601, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bloomston
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shafii
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zervos
authors.forename: Alexander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rosemurgy
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2