title: Unequal respiratory health risk: using GIS to explore hurricane-related flooding of schools in Eastern North Carolina.
abstract: This cross-sectional study investigated whether schools serving populations at high risk of developing respiratory infections in the state of North Carolina (USA) were disproportionately burdened by flooding from Hurricane Floyd. We used geographic information systems (GIS) to overlay a satellite-derived image of the flooded land with school locations. We identified 77 flooded schools and 355 schools that were not flooded in 36 counties. These schools were then characterized based on the income, race/ethnicity, and age of their student populations. Prevalence ratios (PRs) revealed that low-income schools in which a majority of students were Black had twice the risk of being flooded (PR 2.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.28, 3.17) compared to the referent group (non-low-income schools with a majority of non-Black students). This analysis suggests that schools serving populations already at elevated risk of respiratory illness were disproportionately affected by the flooding of Hurricane Floyd. GIS can be used to identify and prioritize schools quickly for remediation following natural disasters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. ginger_guidry@unc.edu
authors.forename: Virginia Thompson
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Guidry
authors.forename: Lewis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Margolis
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004190:Disasters; D004782:Environmental Health; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D009657:North Carolina; D011159:Population Surveillance; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012574:Schools; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis*