title: Convergent evolution of invertebrate defensins and nematode antibacterial factors.
abstract: Antibacterial factors (ABFs) are secreted polypeptides that have an important role in the innate immune system of nematodes. Comparison of these polypeptides revealed similarity in bioactivity, protein sequence and 3D structure, suggesting that they originated from a common ancestor. Comparison of gene organization of nematode ABF genes revealed that all except one contain a Phase 0 intron at a conserved location. The intron phase and location are congruent with the postulated intron gain rules, suggesting a gain of intron before duplication and divergence of the ancestral gene. Although nematode ABFs display similarity in activity and structure to invertebrate (arthropod and mollusk) defensins, lack of sequence similarity and the different genomic organization suggest that these two polypeptide families exhibit convergent evolution.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel. froy@agri.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Oren
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Froy
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D023082:Defensins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015801:Helminth Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D007438:Introns; D007448:Invertebrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009348:Nematoda / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D023082:Defensins; D015801:Helminth Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C102532:ASABF protein, Ascaris suum; C486396:abf-1 protein, C elegans