title: Development of interesting step-climbing styles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was to investigate the influence of stepping styles (forward, side, and cross steppings) and inclinations (25 and 45 degrees) on cardiorespiratory responses (C-R responses).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty volunteers were recruited and randomly arranged into two ten-people groups, exercising on step-climbing machines respectively of 25 and 45 degrees of inclination. C-R responses were recorded during each test which lasted for six minutes at 50 steps per minute on a step-climbing machine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group on 25-degree inclination had significantly lower C-R responses than the group on 45-degree inclination. Although only small differences, probably statistically insignificant, were found among the three step-climbing styles, these differences showed interesting trends independent of inclination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Climbing stairs with the three interesting step-climbing styles in this study could be considered as an exercise of moderate intensity (60-80% HRmax ). Climbing on 25-degree inclination at 50 steps per minute is recommended for less fit individuals because of lower cardiovascular stress as compared with on 45-degree inclination.
authors.affiliation: Yang Ming Exercise Health Science Institute, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Li-Nong St. Sec.2, Shih-Pai, Taipei 112, Taipei City, Taiwan. jjchen@ym.edu.tw
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: L Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Weng
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Liing
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Hsien
authors.forename: Y H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Liao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology*; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology; D010809:Physical Fitness / Q000502:physiology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D013624:Taiwan; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*