title: Maxillofacial trauma and psychiatric sequelae: post-traumatic stress disorder.
abstract: Interest in the psychiatric consequences of trauma and the subsequent surgical intervention has been increasing steadily; therefore, the authors assessed the prevalence of acute symptoms of stress in patients who experienced a craniomaxillofacial injury. Fifty patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years were evaluated and assigned a score using the Injury Severity Scale (ISS). Within 48 hours of surgery (T0) and at 3 months after surgery (T1), the authors administered the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) to assess post-traumatic symptoms, Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to assess symptoms of anxiety, and Zung's Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) to assess depressive symptoms. Of the subjects, 44% (22 patients at T0) had acute symptoms of stress, and 26% (13 patients at T1) had post-traumatic stress symptoms. The statistical association between demographic variables was significant only for gender, especially for women. There was a significant correlation between the psychopathologic variables and trauma-specific symptoms at both T0 and T1; the same was true for the ISS at T0. Eight of the 13 patients with positive DTS results at 3 months had aesthetic and functional sequelae that might have served as reminders of the traumatic event. It is not only necessary to restitutio ad integrum the anatomy and function, but also to provide psychiatric support for patients experiencing psychiatric symptoms caused by traumatic events.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maxillofacial Surgery and Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Section, S. Giovanni Battista Hospital, Turin, Italy. Fabio.Roccia@poste.it
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Roccia
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dell'Acqua
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: Sid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Berrone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001828:Body Image; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices