title: Use of a stimulating catheter for total knee replacement surgery: preliminary results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is continuing debate as to whether the use of electrical stimulation that aids in localizing nerves is also beneficial for optimizing placement of nerve catheters and lead to improved clinical outcomes, such as reductions in pain scores and opioid consumption.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective, non-randomized comparison of stimulating and non-stimulating nerve catheters in 419 patients undergoing total knee replacement between December 2002 and July 2004. Before surgery, patients received sciatic and femoral nerve blocks with a catheter for the femoral nerve. In 159 patients a stimulating catheter system (Stimucath; Arrow International, Reading, PA, USA) and in 260 patients a non-stimulating catheter system (Contiplex; B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) was used. After surgery, pain scores and morphine consumption were recorded at 4-h intervals until the first postoperative morning. In a subset of 85 patients, the postoperative evaluation period was lengthened to 3 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative visual analogue scores (VAS) for pain were similar in the two groups during the first 24 h (P=0.305). In patients followed for 3 days, VAS scores did not differ on any of the days (P=0.427). Total morphine consumption did not differ on the first postoperative day (mean [95% CI]: stimulating, 12.4 [10.1-14.7] mg; non-stimulating 10.4 [8.9-11.8] mg; P=0.140) or on subsequent days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The practical advantages of the stimulating catheter, as reported by previous investigators, were not obvious in this clinical situation. In terms of outcome measures such as pain scores and morphine consumption, we found no significant differences between stimulating and non-stimulating catheters.
authors.affiliation: St Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. nigel.jack@wxs.nl
authors.forename: N T M
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Jack
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Liem
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Vonhögen
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics; D019645:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005267:Femoral Nerve; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012584:Sciatic Nerve; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D009020:Morphine