title: Improvement of motor-evoked potentials by ketamine and spatial facilitation during spinal surgery in a young child.
abstract: Monitoring motor evoked potentials is desirable during spine surgery but may be difficult to obtain in small children. In addition, the recording of reliable signals is often hampered by the presence of various anesthetics. We report the case of a young child whose motor evoked potentials were successfully monitored using a ketamine-based anesthesia and a newly introduced stimulation technique consisting of combined spatial and temporal facilitation.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, †Department of Pediatric Neurology and Neurophysiology. University Children's Hospital Beider Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Thomas O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Erb
authors.forename: Sven E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Ryhult
authors.forename: Ewald
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duitmann
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hasler
authors.forename: Juerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luetschg
authors.forename: Franz J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Frei
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D015742:Propofol; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D013131:Spine / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D007649:Ketamine; D015742:Propofol