title: Retroperitoneoscopic varicocelectomy in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In the pediatric population the failure rate of sclerotherapy for the treatment of varicocele has been reported to be up to 35%. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic varicocelectomy (RV) in children and adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 97 patients were operated on for left-sided varicocele using the retroperitoneoscopic approach between January 1999 and July 2003. Median age was 12.3 years (range, 6-16 years). A 10-mm subcostal retroperitoneoscopic port was used. The operation was performed through an operative laparoscope according to Palomo's technique, with the mass division of spermatic vessels after bipolar coagulation below the renal vein. Elective conversion to laparoscopic transperitoneal varicocelectomy was performed in cases of difficulties in identifying the vessels. The postoperative follow-up included clinical and ultrasound assessment (range, 6-48 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 17 (17.6%) patients needed elective conversion to laparoscopic transperitoneal varicocelectomy. In RV, the mean operative time was 28 minutes (range, 15-55 minutes), the mean hospital stay was 2 days, persistence rate was 11.2%, and hydrocele occurrence was 6.2%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that the RV is an acceptable technique to achieve the high division of the spermatic vessels. The advantage of this anatomic approach is its very low invasiveness.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Surgery Unit, Salesi Children's Hospital, 60123 Ancona, Italy. giovannicobellis@tiscali.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cobellis
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mastroianni
authors.forename: Alba
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruccetti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Amici
authors.forename: Ascanio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004564:Electrocoagulation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006848:Testicular Hydrocele / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014646:Varicocele / Q000601:surgery*