title: Dosimetric correlations of acute esophagitis in lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the factors associated with acute esophagitis in lung cancer patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 35 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 27, 77%) and small-cell lung cancer (n = 8, 23%) treated with thoracic radiotherapy between February 2003 and November 2004. The median patient age was 70 years (range, 50-83 years). The disease stage was Stage I in 2 patients (6%), Stage II in 1 (3%), Stage IIIa in 10 (28%), Stage IIIb in 9 (26%), and Stage IV in 9 (26%); 4 patients (11%) had recurrent disease after surgery. A median dose of 60 Gy (range, 50-67 Gy) was given to the isocenter and delivered in single daily fractions of 1.8 or 2 Gy. With heterogeneity corrections, the median given dose to the isocenter was 60.3 Gy (range, 49.9-67.2 Gy). Of the 35 patients, 30 (86%) received concurrent chemotherapy consisting of a platinum agent, cisplatin or carboplatin, combined with paclitaxel in 18 patients (52%), irinotecan hydrochloride in 7 (20%), vincristine sulfate and etoposide in 2 (5%), vinorelbine ditartrate in 1 (3%), etoposide in 1 (3%), and docetaxel in 1 patient (3%). Three of these patients underwent induction therapy with cisplatin and irinotecan hydrochloride, administered before thoracic radiotherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy. Esophageal toxicity was graded according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. The following factors were analyzed with respect to their association with Grade 1 or worse esophagitis by univariate and multivariate analyses: age, gender, concurrent chemotherapy, chemotherapeutic agents, maximal esophageal dose, mean esophageal dose, and percentage of esophageal volume receiving >10 to >65 Gy in 5-Gy increments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 35 patients, 25 (71%) developed acute esophagitis, with Grade 1 in 20 (57%) and Grade 2 in 5 (14%). None of the patients had Grade 3 or worse toxicity. The most significant correlation was between esophagitis and percentage of esophageal volume receiving >35 Gy on univariate (p = 0.002) and multivariate (p = 0.018) analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percentage of esophageal volume receiving >35 Gy was the most statistically significant factor associated with mild acute esophagitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Japan. takedak41@yahoo.co.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takai
authors.forename: Shogo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000209:etiology*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric