Macrophage activating effects of new alkamides from the roots of Echinacea species.
Chemical investigation of the roots of Echinacea angustifolia, E. purpurea, and E. pallida yielded two new alkamides, identified by analysis of spectroscopic data and comparison with reported alkamides. The new compounds were dodeca-2Z,4E,10Z-trien-8-ynoic acid isobutylamide (1) from E. angustifolia and dodeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide (2) from E. purpurea and E. pallida. These two components, as well as previously identified alkamides, exerted inhibition on LPS-mediated activation of a murine macrophage line, RAW264.7. These data suggest that these alkamides may have anti-inflammatory activity. The cytotoxicity of these alkamides using MTT assays was also investigated.
Chen
Ying
Y
Gaia Herbs, Inc., 108 Island Ford Road, Brevard, North Carolina 28712, USA.
Fu
Tong
T
Tao
Tao
T
Yang
Jinghua
J
Chang
Yung
Y
Wang
Meihua
M
Kim
Linda
L
Qu
Luping
L
Cassady
John
J
Scalzo
Ric
R
Wang
Xiping
X
D000577:Amides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D053280:Diynes; D020900:Echinacea / Q000737:chemistry*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D000577:Amides; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D053280:Diynes; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D053284:Polyunsaturated Alkamides; C501801:dodeca-2Z,4E,10Z-trien-8-ynoic acid isobutylamide; C501800:dodeca-2Z,4E-diene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide