title: Polymorphism of the solute carrier family 12 (sodium/chloride transporters) member 3, SLC12A3, gene at exon 23 (+78G/A: Arg913Gln) is associated with elevation of urinary albumin excretion in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have shown previously that the SLC12A3 +78G/A polymorphism in exon 23 (Arg913Gln) was a new candidate for conferring susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to confirm the effect of this polymorphism on the elevation of urinary albumin excretion in type 2 diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 264 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes over a ten-year period. The subjects were classified into two groups: (1) persistent normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria, or improvement from microalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria (group N); and (2) progression from normoalbuminuria to microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria, or progression from microalbuminuria to overt proteinuria (group P). They were assessed for association with the +78G/A polymorphism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of the +78A allele was significantly higher in group N than in group P (10% vs 1%, p=0.021). By logistic regression analysis and discriminant analysis, the substituted allele was shown to be an independent factor correlating negatively to the elevation of albumin excretion (p=0.043 and 0.022, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The SLC12A3 +78A(+) genotype may have a protective effect against the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mokubo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atsumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuoka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Watada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nomiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kawamori
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000235:genetics*; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000235:genetics*; D012907:Smoking; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D002784:Cholesterol; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D064486:Solute Carrier Family 12, Member 3; D027981:Symporters; D014280:Triglycerides; C578874:SLC12A3 protein, human; C064415:thiazide receptor