title: Hypersensitivity of HIV-1-infected cells to reactive sulfonamide metabolites correlated to expression of the HIV-1 viral protein tat.
abstract: Impairment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected cells to deal with reactive drug metabolites may be a mechanism for the increased rate of adverse drug reactions seen in AIDS. HIV Tat protein expression may be associated with increased oxidative stress within HIV-infected cells. To determine the relationship between expression of HIV Tat and sensitivity to reactive drug metabolites, we studied toxicity of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and its reactive hydroxylamine intermediate (SMX-HA) in lymphocytes transfected with the HIV tat gene. Over a concentration range from 0 to 400 microM SMX-HA, there was a significant concentration-dependent increase in cell death in transfected cell lines expressing Tat compared with controls. Jurkat T cells transfected with a dose-dependent inducible tat gene showed increased toxicity in response to SMX-HA as more Tat expression was induced. Enhanced sensitivity to SMX-HA was accompanied by significantly lower concentrations of total intracellular glutathione compared with controls (P < 0.05). Sensitivity to reactive drug metabolites in HIV-infected cells seems to be mediated by the viral protein Tat.
authors.affiliation: The BioTherapeutics Group, Robarts Research Institute London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arp
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rieder
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Urquhart
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: M Jane
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krizova
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Dekaban
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015696:Gene Products, tat / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015696:Gene Products, tat; D013449:Sulfonamides; D054322:tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; D005978:Glutathione