title: The limited role of expert guidelines in teaching psychopharmacology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To consider the limited usefulness of expert guidelines for teaching psychopharmacology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Potential problems using expert guidelines for teaching psychopharmacology are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Expert guidelines are an important contribution to the growth of evidence-based psychiatry. As such, they may also be used to teach fundamentals of psychopharmacology. Their use as teaching materials may be limited by their reliance on Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnoses, especially for patients with unclear or complicated diagnosing pictures. Biases may also exist in their construction and the data from which they are derived. Other problems include overemphasis on newly released medications and the potential for teaching a "cookbook" approach to psychopharmacology treatment, limiting the development of the "art" of psychopharmacology practice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although expert guidelines may be a useful tool for teaching psychopharmacology, they also may limit the teaching of psychopharmacology. Comprehensive psychopharmacology training programs that use expert guidelines as teaching tools should emphasize critical reading of clinical trials literature and teaching the use of all psychotropic drugs. Training in the art of psychopharmacology including, nonpharmacological aspects of drug treatment, should also be included.
authors.affiliation: Hravard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. carl_salzman@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Salzman
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D003479:Curriculum; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011600:Psychopharmacology / Q000193:education*