title: Clinico-laboratory findings in male lupus patients from a tertiary care hospital, Pakistan.
abstract: This study was conducted to delineate the clinical pattern of a cohort of Pakistani male patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Clinical and laboratory data were collected of 24 male patients who were diagnosed with SLE and admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 1986 and 2001. Imaging and invasive studies (including aspirations and biopsies) were also recorded. Fourteen patients (58%) had renal involvement, with WHO class 4 and 5 comprising 89% of the cases. Eight patients (33%) had neurological involvement. Out of these 8 patients, 3 presented with psychosis (12.5%) and 4 (17%) with seizures. Twenty three patients (96%) had hematological involvement, 6 (25%) had serosal and 10 (41%) had articular involvement. Cutaneous lesions were noted in 10 (41%) patients. A majority of the patients were noncompliant and were lost to follow-up; therefore, ultimate outcome could not be clearly delineated. A high index of suspicion for SLE in males may permit early diagnosis and dictate the need for more aggressive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.
authors.forename: Malik Anas
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Rabbani
authors.forename: Bushra
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Syed Mansoor Ahmed
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Sabeen Fatima
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Mekan
authors.forename: Syed Sohail
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Aasim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ahmed
mesh_terms: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic / Q000097:blood; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000097:blood; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D010154:Pakistan
chemical_list: D019268:Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D004573:Electrolytes; D003404:Creatinine