title: Characteristic ocular findings in patients with craniofacial cleft.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the characteristic ocular findings in patients with craniofacial cleft (CFC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ophthalmologic examination was performed for a 16-year-old girl with no. 3 CFC and a 3-year-old boy with no. 5 CFC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Exotropia was found in the 3-year-old boy with no. 5 CFC involving the lateral orbit, and esotropia in the 16-year-old girl with craniofacial cleft no. 3 involving the medial orbit. Hypotropia, lower eyelid coloboma, amblyopia and an absence of stereopsis were common to both patients. Visual acuity was improved from hand motion to 20/30 by means of occlusion therapy for amblyopia in the 3-year-old boy. Strabismus surgery resulted in exophoria of 8 prism diopters (PD) in the 3-year-old boy and left esotropia of 8 PD in the 16-year-old girl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amblyopia, hypotropia, esotropia (no. 3) and exotropia (no. 5) should be verified in cases of CFC nos. 3 and 5. Ophthalmologic examination and early intervention for amblyopia may be mandatory for patients with CFC involving the orbit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Plastic Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sukwha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D004948:Esotropia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005099:Exotropia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D005139:Eyeglasses; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D012683:Sensory Deprivation