title: Correlation between gene expression of CCK-A receptor and emptying dysfunction of the gallbladder in patients with gallstones and diabetes mellitus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of gallstone is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than in general population because of hypomotility and lowered emptying function. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression of cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor in patients with gallstones and diabetes mellitus and its correlation with the hypomotility of the gallbladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Smooth muscle was taken from the gallbladder after cholecystectomy and total RNA was extracted from it by Trizol reagent to compose cDNA. CCK-A receptor was enlarged by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and identified by electrophoresis. Based on the analysis of images, the relative expression of the CCK-A receptor was obtained after comparison of the CCK-A receptor and beta-action. The emptying function of the gallbladder was measured with B ultrasound before operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gallbladder ejection fraction (GBEF2) (%) (24.9+/-12.7) decreased more significantly in patients with gallstones and diabetes mellitus than in those with simple gallstone (61.5+/-8.5) (P<0.01). In the two groups, a fraction of 540bp of CCK-A receptor could be testified respectively, but the relative expression was different. Compared to the expression of beta-action, it was 0.400+/-0.068 in patients with gallstones and diabetes mellitus, but 0.622+/-0.070 in those with gallstone only (F=7.169, Pu0.01). The result was consistent with the decreased contractility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The gene expression of CCK-A receptor on the smooth muscle of the gallbladder may decrease more significantly in patients with gallstone and diabetes mellitus than in those with gallstone only; this result is consistent with the decreased motility. Thus the lowered expression of CCK-A receptor is probably the cause of hypomotility in patients with gallstones and diabetes mellitus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, 74 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010,China. dingpanda@163.com
authors.forename: Xiong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Chang-You
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mei
authors.forename: Chang-An
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yu-Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D016473:Gallbladder Emptying / Q000502:physiology*; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D043886:Receptor, Cholecystokinin A / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D043886:Receptor, Cholecystokinin A