The role of teamwork in the professional education of physicians: current status and assessment recommendations.
BACKGROUND
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended that organizations establish interdisciplinary team training programs that incorporate proven methods for team management. Teamwork can be assessed during physician medical education, board certification, licensure, and continuing practice. Team members must possess specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs), such as the ability to exchange information, which enable individual team members to coordinate.
KSAs might be elicited and assessed across a physician's career, starting in medical school and continuing through licensure and board certification. Professional bodies should be responsible for the development of specific team knowledge and skill competencies and for promoting specific team attitude competencies. Tools are available to assess medical student, resident, and physician competence in these critical team KSAs.
For teamwork skills to be assessed and have credibility, team performance measures must be grounded in team theory, account for individual and team-level performance, capture team process and outcomes, adhere to standards for reliability and validity, and address real or perceived barriers to measurement.
Baker
David P
DP
American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, USA. Dbaker@air.org
Salas
Eduardo
E
King
Heidi
H
Battles
James
J
Barach
Paul
P
D004501:Education, Medical / Q000458:organization & administration*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D010820:Physicians; D017064:Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011361:Professional Competence / Q000592:standards*; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration; D014481:United States