title: Ghrelin does not stimulate food intake in patients with surgical procedures involving vagotomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with gastric or esophageal surgery and transection of the vagus nerve may suffer from appetite and weight loss but without dysphagia or mechanical obstruction to eating. The gastric hormone ghrelin stimulates food intake and GH release in rodents and man. However, rodents with vagotomy are not sensitive to the feeding effects of ghrelin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether humans with vagotomy are sensitive to ghrelin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The design was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a hospital-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six men and one woman who all had a previous complete truncal vagotomy with lower esophageal or gastric surgery entered and completed the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Each patient received 120-min infusions of saline, 1 pmol/kg.min ghrelin, and 5 pmol/kg.min ghrelin on 3 separate days. After 90 min, a buffet meal was served.
  
  
  METHODS
  Energy intake at the buffet meal was measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ghrelin-stimulated GH release in a dose-dependent manner was measured, confirming bioactivity. However, no change in energy intake was observed with either dose of ghrelin [energy intake (kilojoules): saline 2805 +/- 812; ghrelin 1 pmol/kg.min, 2486 +/- 767; ghrelin 5 pmol/kg.min, 2382 +/- 543; P = not significant].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ghrelin is unlikely to be an effective appetite-stimulatory treatment for patients with vagotomy and esophageal or gastric surgery. Our results suggest that an intact vagus nerve may be required for exogenous ghrelin to increase appetite and food intake in man.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolic Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital Trust, London W12 ONN, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: le Roux
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Neary
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Halsey
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Small
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Martinez-Isla
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Theodorou
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001066:Appetite / Q000187:drug effects; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014628:Vagotomy
chemical_list: D054439:Ghrelin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone