title: Increased sensitivity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B following adenoviral infection.
abstract: Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces toxic shock and is a major virulence factor of staphylococcal diseases. We examined the effects of systemic adenoviral infection on responses to staphylococcal enterotoxin B in a murine model. We found that adenoviral infection markedly increases the severity of liver injury following exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B without d-galactosamine sensitization. In adenovirus-infected mice, staphylococcal enterotoxin B triggered a more profound hypothermia and increased apoptosis in the liver. Consistent with these observations, we also found that adenoviral infection primed for an increased production of gamma interferon in vivo and in vitro following stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin B. Gamma-interferon-knockout mice did not show increased sensitivity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B following adenoviral infection. These data suggest that a preexisting viral infection primes mice for subsequent staphylococcal enterotoxin B exposure, possibly via a gamma-interferon-mediated mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Occupational Medicine, 100 EMRB, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. timur-yarovinsky@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Timur O
authors.initials: TO
authors.lastname: Yarovinsky
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Mohning
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bradford
authors.forename: Martha M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Monick
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hunninghake
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / Q000032:analysis; D013163:Splenomegaly / Q000209:etiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D004768:Enterotoxins; D016693:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase