title: Three-dimensional ultrasound biomicroscopy for xenograft growth analysis.
abstract: We reported the use of high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) in the quantitative analysis of early tumor growth in mice bearing melanoma xenografts in a noninvasive longitudinal assay. Initially, measurements of tumor width, depth and length were obtained using on-screen UBM calipers in real time and tumor volume was calculated with the standard ellipsoid formula w d l pi/6. We were able to detect initiating minute tumor nodules, with the lower limit of detection at approximately 0.01 mm(3) in volume. Successive parallel cross-sectional UBM images (33 microm step) encompassing the complete length of these tumors were also obtained and reconstructed into 3-D representations. Subsequent segmentational volumetric analysis provided a measure of tumor volume. Volume measurements using the two techniques were highly correlated when all 33 xenografts were studied (r = 0.9813, p < 0.0001) and a lower degree of correlation was measured with a subset of early small tumors (r = 0.7973, n = 16, p = 0.0004). Further analysis demonstrated that 3-D segmentational volumetric analysis yielded volume estimates that were often smaller than the caliper-and-formula calculation for most early developing xenografts. Thus, 3-D UBM imaging and segmentation is expected to be especially valuable for small tumors that were observed to grow in irregular shapes other than ellipsoids.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ONT, Canada. acheung@sten.sunnybrook.utoronto.ca
authors.forename: Alison M Y
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Allison S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Lauren A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hastie
authors.forename: Viviene
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cucevic
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lacefield
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenster
authors.forename: F Stuart
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Foster
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008545:Melanoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography