title: Transcriptional control of impaired Th1 responses in patent lymphatic filariasis by T-box expressed in T cells and suppressor of cytokine signaling genes.
abstract: T-bet (T-box expressed in T cells) and GATA-3 are transcription factors that play a critical role in the development of Th1 and Th2 cells, as do genes of the SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) family, albeit indirectly. Another transcription factor, Foxp3, is a master regulator of natural regulatory T cells (Tregs). To identify the role of these factors in impaired Th1 responses of patent filarial infection, analysis of cytokine, SOCS, and transcription factor mRNA expression was performed on purified T cells of filaria-infected individuals (n = 6) and uninfected controls (n = 6). As expected (and in contrast to cells of uninfected individuals), there was a significant depression of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and a concomitant increase in interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-10 mRNA expression following stimulation with parasite antigen (BmA) but not with a polyclonal T-cell (anti-CD3) stimulus. T-bet (but not GATA-3) was expressed at significantly lower levels in cells of filaria-infected individuals in response to BmA compared with those from the uninfected group, accounting, at least partially, for the diminished IFN-gamma expression. Second, we found no significant differences in expression of Foxp3 between the two groups, although induction of Foxp3 expression correlated with induced expression levels of IL-10, implicating Tregs in the IL-10 expression seen. Finally, parasite-specific T-cell expression of SOCS-1, SOCS-5, and SOCS-7 was significantly diminished among infected patients; in contrast, expression of SOCS-3 increased. Our data therefore indicate that the impaired Th1 responses observed in patent lymphatic filariasis are associated with decreased expression of T-bet, SOCS-1, SOCS-5, and SOCS-7 and increased expression of SOCS-3 in T cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/NIH, 4 Center Drive, Room 4/B1-05, Bethesda, MD 20892-0425, USA. sbabu@niaid.nih.gov
authors.forename: Subash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Babu
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kumaraswami
authors.forename: Thomas B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Nutman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000947:Antigens, Helminth / Q000276:immunology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004605:Elephantiasis, Filarial / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D000947:Antigens, Helminth; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494749:GATA3 protein, human; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; C408990:SOCS5 protein, human; C108775:SOCS7 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016753:Interleukin-10; D007371:Interferon-gamma