title: Maternal posture for cephalic version of breech presentation: a review of the evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maternal posture is commonly recommended to promote cephalic version of breech presentation during pregnancy, but the few studies conducted to examine the efficacy of this obstetric practice are inconclusive. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the research evidence base for postural management of breech presentation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This review critically examined the research on maternal posture for breech presentation using guidelines from the third United States Preventive Services Task Force. Database searches were conducted of Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, using the keywords "pregnancy," "maternal posture," "maternal position," "postural management," "breech," "presentation." Hand searches were conducted on reference citations from databases, and all research articles, commentaries, and reports of clinical cases were included.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conceptual and methodological issues in the individual studies posed threats to internal validity in each study. Interpretation of the nonsignificant results in the research reports is debatable because the randomized controlled trials were underpowered, and flaws in each study challenged validity of the results. Meta-analysis of previous findings may be inappropriate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further research based on explicit theory and improved methods, including sufficient sample size, is needed to determine whether maternal posture promotes cephalic version for pregnant women with breech presentation.
authors.affiliation: University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Sandra A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Founds
mesh_terms: D001946:Breech Presentation; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D011247:Pregnancy; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D014481:United States