title: The flight of physicians from West Africa: views of African physicians and implications for policy.
abstract: West African-trained physicians have been migrating from the sub-continent to rich countries, primarily the US and the UK, since medical education began in Nigeria and Ghana in the 1960s. In 2003, we visited six medical schools in West Africa to investigate the magnitude, causes and consequences of the migration. We conducted interviews and focus groups with faculty, administrators (deans and provosts), students and post-graduate residents in six medical schools in Ghana and Nigeria. In addition to the migration push and pull factors documented in previous literature, we learned that there is now a well-developed culture of medical migration. This culture is firmly rooted, and does not simply fail to discourage medical migration but actually encourages it. Medical school faculty are role models for the benefits of migration (and subsequent return), and they are proud of their students who successfully emigrate.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Workforce Studies, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Box 354982, Seattle, WA 98195-4982, USA. hagopian@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagopian
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ofosu
authors.forename: Adesegun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fatusi
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Biritwum
authors.forename: Ama
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Essel
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gary Hart
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watts
mesh_terms: D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D017144:Focus Groups; D005550:Foreign Medical Graduates / Q000523:psychology* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D005869:Ghana / Q000208:ethnology; D006291:Health Policy; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D009549:Nigeria / Q000208:ethnology; D006113:United Kingdom; D014481:United States