title: Serum adiponectin is increased in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate whether serum adiponectin is associated with renal function, low-grade inflammatory markers, metabolic control, and insulin resistance in type 1 diabetic patients with and without nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 189 type 1 diabetic patients from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study were divided into three groups based on their urinary albumin excretion rate (AER): patients with normal AER (n = 66) had no antihypertensive medication, while patients with microalbuminuria (n = 63) or macroalbuminuria (n = 60) were all treated with an ACE inhibitor. Renal function was estimated with the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Adiponectin was measured by an in-house time-resolved immunofluorometric assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adiponectin concentrations were higher in women than in men, but since there was no significant difference in sex distribution between the groups, data were pooled. Adiponectin concentrations were higher in patients with macroalbuminuria (19.8 +/- 12.0 mg/l) than in patients with microalbuminuria (13.1 +/- 4.8 mg/l) or normoalbuminuria (11.8 +/- 4.2 mg/l). In a univariate analysis, adiponectin was positively associated with creatinine (r = 0.41; P < 0.0001), AER (r = 0.33; P < 0.0001), interleukin-6 (r = 0.22; P = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.22; P = 0.004), HbA(1c) (r = 0.17; P = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = 0.16; P = 0.03), and HDL cholesterol (r = 0.16; P = 0.03) and negatively with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR; r = -0.52; P < 0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; r = -0.16; P = 0.03). In a multiple linear regression analysis including the above variables, estimated GFR, AER, and WHR were independently associated with adiponectin levels (r(2) = 0.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum adiponectin concentrations are increased in type 1 diabetic patients with nephropathy, and levels are further associated with renal insufficiency.
authors.affiliation: Folkhälsan Research Center, Biomedicum Helsinki (318b), Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saraheimo
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Forsblom
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fagerudd
authors.forename: Anna-Maija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Teppo
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pettersson-Fernholm
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frystyk
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
authors.forename: Per-Henrik
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Groop
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D049628:Body Size; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008055:Lipids