title: Serum lactate and base deficit as predictors of mortality after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Whole body hypoperfusion and lower torso ischaemia-reperfusion contribute to post-operative organ dysfunction in patients undergoing repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Serum lactate and base deficit are markers of tissue ischaemia and are used to assess the adequacy of resuscitation. This study examines the prognostic value of immediate post-operative levels of serum lactate and base deficit in ruptured AAA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients (24 men and 6 women of median age 74, range 51-85, years) who survived to at least 12h after ruptured AAA repair were studied retrospectively. The relationship between immediate post-operative lactate, base deficit and mortality was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen patients (50%) died, all from organ failure. An elevated lactate (>2.1 mmol/l) and base deficit (<-2 mmol/l) were present in 20 (67%) and 27 (90%) patients, respectively. Lactate (p<0.001) and base deficit (p=0.003) were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors. Lactate (p=0.021) and base deficit levels (p=0.028) were independently significant for predicting mortality and a significant interaction existed between lactate and base deficit levels for predicting mortality (p=0.027). The sensitivity and specificity of lactate > or =4.0 mmol/l was 13 of 15 (87%) and 12 of 15 (80%), respectively, and base deficit < or =-7 mmol/l was 12 of 15 (80%) and 12 of 15 (80%), respectively. The likelihood ratios for a positive result with the defined cut-off values for lactate and base deficit were 4.3 and 4.0, respectively. Lactate > or =4.0 mmol/l and base deficit <or =-7 mmol/l were associated with a 94.5% probability of death while lactate < or =4.0 mmol/l and base deficit > or =-7 mmol/l were associated with a 4% probability of death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate that an immediate post-operative serum lactate > or =4.0 mmol/l and base deficit < or =-7 mmol/l are good predictors of outcome after ruptured AAA repair. The prognostic value of these simple and inexpensive tests require corroboration in a larger prospective study.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Vascular Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Coghill
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guy
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Bradbury
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Scriven
mesh_terms: D000137:Acid-Base Imbalance / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019344:Lactic Acid