title: Development of medications for alcohol use disorders: recent advances and ongoing challenges.
abstract: During the past decade, efforts to develop medications for alcoholism have burgeoned. Three agents, disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate, are now approved in a large number of countries. Although many patients have benefited from existing medications, their effects are moderate, and some alcoholics fail to respond to them. A host of new agents are currently under active investigation. Critical barriers must be overcome to ensure that future efforts in the development of medications for alcohol use disorders reach full fruition. These challenges include: establishing key targets for drug discovery; validating animal and human screening models; and developing biomarkers to help predict treatment success. In addition, it is important to formulate methodological and statistical strategies to efficiently conduct alcohol pharmacotherapy trials; to specify genetic and phenotypic patient characteristics associated with efficacy and safety for lead compounds; to forge productive alliances among governmental agencies, the pharmaceutical industry and academic researchers to further drug development; and, ultimately and perhaps most difficult, to engage the practitioner community to incorporate medications into the alcohol treatment process.
authors.affiliation: Division of Treatment and Recovery Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 5635 Fishers Lane, Room 2041, Bethesda, MD 20852-1705, USA. rlitten@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Raye Z
authors.initials: RZ
authors.lastname: Litten
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fertig
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattson
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egli
mesh_terms: D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000639:trends*; D015507:Drugs, Investigational / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D015507:Drugs, Investigational