title: Patterns of tobacco use in the early epidemic stages: Malawi and Zambia, 2000-2002.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  I examined demographic and socioeconomic patterns of tobacco use in 2 African nations in the early stages of epidemic.
  
  
  METHODS
  I used population-based data from the Demographic Health Surveys of men aged 15-59 years (N=5111) and women aged 15-49 years (N=20809) in Malawi (2000) and Zambia (2001/2002) and multinomial logistic regression models to examine tobacco use (nonsmoker, light cigarette smoker, heavy cigarette smoker, and user of other tobacco) as a function of age, residence, education, occupation, marital status, and religion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male tobacco users tend to be less educated, urban, household service or manual workers, formerly married, and non-Christian and non-Muslim. Although tobacco use is less common among women, it relates inversely to their education and occupational status. Tobacco users more often reported drinking, getting drunk, and, among men, paying for sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco use patterns in 2 African nations at the early stages of epidemic suggest the need for public health officials to focus on disadvantaged groups to prevent the worldwide spread of tobacco.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0484, USA. fred.pampel@colorado.edu
authors.forename: Fred C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Pampel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008295:Malawi / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D035862:Vulnerable Populations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015024:Zambia / Q000453:epidemiology