title: The impact of bone marrow micrometastases on metastatic disease-free survival in patients with colorectal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biological relevance of bone marrow micrometastases (BMM) in colorectal cancer remains unknown. Here, we investigate their nature by examining the impact of the presence of BMM on metastatic disease-free survival in a cohort of patients with this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-three consecutive patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer of any stage were studied after approval of the study protocol by the local ethics committee and with full individual informed consent. All had bilateral iliac crest bone marrow aspirates prior to operation. Aspirates were then examined for the presence of aberrant cytokeratin-18-positive cells by a blinded observer using both flow cytometric and APAAP immunohistochemical techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up after surgery was 4.6 years (range 1.9-6.9) for those without hepatic metastases at diagnosis. Seven of 34 patients with Dukes' stage A or B developed metastatic disease after a mean interval of 4.7 years (range 3.8-6.8). However, only 2 of these patients demonstrated BMM at the time of surgery. Nine of 15 patients with Dukes' C carcinoma at the time of surgery subsequently developed metastases after a mean interval of 4.4 years (range 1.9-6.9). Again, only two of these patients had BMM detectable initially. In only three of the 14 patients known to have metastases at the time of operation (i.e. Dukes''D' disease) were BMM found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of BMM as detected by this methodology was not predictive of tumour recurrence or metastasis. This study does not support the consideration of adjuvant therapy based on the presence of BMM at a single pre-operative time point in patients with colorectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Academic Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Redmond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003082:Colectomy; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents