title: Effects of nativity, age at migration, and acculturation on smoking among adult Houston residents of Mexican descent.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated differences in smoking behaviors between US-and Mexican-born ever smokers and examined the influence of US culture on smoking initiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 5030 adults of Mexican descent enrolled in an ongoing population-based cohort in Houston, Tex.
  
  
  RESULTS
  More men than women reported current smoking; rates among US-born women were higher than those among Mexican-born women. Smoking rates among US-born men were higher than earlier published rates among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites but similar to rates among African Americans. Current smoking rates among Mexican-born women were lower than published rates for Hispanics, non-Hispanic Whites, and African Americans. Older age, male gender, a higher level of acculturation, more than a high school education, and residing in a census tract with a higher median age predicted history of smoking among US-born participants. Among Mexican-born participants, older age, male gender, a higher level of acculturation, and younger age at migration predicted history of smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking interventions for people of Mexican descent should be tailored according to gender, nativity, and acculturation level and should target all ages, not just young people.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, PO Box 301439, Houston, TX 77230-1439, USA. awilkins@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Anna V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Margaret R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: Sara S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Strom
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Prokhorov
authors.forename: Carlos H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Barcenas
authors.forename: Yumei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Katherine C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bondy
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D014171:Transients and Migrants; D014481:United States; D014505:Urban Population