title: Homicide by ligature strangulation in Finland: offence and offender characteristics.
abstract: In Finland, homicide by ligature strangulation is a rare event. The purpose of this study was to investigate recent homicide cases by ligature strangulation and to analyse offence and offender characteristics. All forensic psychiatric evaluation statements of offenders accused of ligature strangulation homicides during the 7-year period 1996--2002 (n=19) were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-five percent of the victims were females. In four cases, the victim was the offender's intimate partner; in one case, it was the stepson; in one case, a father and in the rest of the cases (n=13), an acquaintance. None of the cases involved planning, sadism or sexual elements. In 89% of the cases, the offender was either intoxicated or on drugs at the time of the offence and in 94% of the cases, the victim was found at the scene of the killing. Of the offenders, 63% had crime history, and approximately half of the offenders had experienced parental alcohol abuse, domestic violence or previous trauma. Most of the offenders were unemployed at the time of the offence. In all, 89% were diagnosed as having personality disorder and two were schizophrenic.
authors.affiliation: National Bureau of Investigation, Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland. helina.hakkaken@krp.poliisi.fi
authors.forename: Helinä
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Häkkänen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019548:Crime Victims / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry; D006708:Homicide / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D019838:Neck Injuries / Q000401:mortality*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology