title: Qualitative and quantitative characterization of the thermal grill.
abstract: Concurrent applications to the skin of spatially adjacent bands of innocuous warm and cool stimuli would elicit a peculiar sensation, known as the 'thermal grill illusion'. To validate the thermal grill as a research tool, this two-phase study qualitatively characterizes this peculiar sensation and further quantitatively establishes the temperature matching of the most intense/noxious thermal grill stimulations at two different time points. The temperature combinations (degrees C) tested were: 18/18, 42/42, 18/42, 20/20, 40/40, 20/40, 22/22, 38/38, 22/38, 24/24, 36/36 and 24/36. None of the subjects reported pain with single temperature combinations. However, hot associated with pain and burning sensations were reported in all mixed temperature combinations tested. The VAS scores for pain were significantly elevated for 20/40 and 18/42 in comparison to 22/38 and 24/36 (P<0.007). At the 3-second time point, the matching temperatures (+/-SD) of 20/40 and 18/42 were 45.7+/-1.8 (range 44-48) and 46.6+/-1.5 (range 44-48) degrees C, respectively, whereas the matching temperatures for the single temperature combinations were similar to the set temperatures. Importantly, at the 10-second time point, none of the combinations were significantly greater than the highest of the pair of stimuli. The time course variation in the perception of the combined stimuli suggests an adaptation occurred in central processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive #0924, La Jolla, CA 92093-0924, USA. ayleung@ucsd.edu
authors.forename: Albert Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Gery
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schulteis
authors.forename: Tony L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yaksh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013696:Temperature; D013697:Thermosensing / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors