title: Validation of traction force indicator in ventouse devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether the traction force indicator in a ventouse device gave an accurate estimation of the force applied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was carried out at the Derby City Hospital. An estimate of measurement errors was made by analyzing the standard deviation of the residuals for 30 Kiwi OmniCup devices (Clinical Innovations, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, England) and a standard industrial spring balance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The measurement errors for the traction forces were very small and acceptable for the OmniCup. The overall estimate of measurement errors was 0.45 kg (1.35 lb).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall measurement error for the traction force indicator of the OmniCup was found to be very small. Injuries associated the ventouse, such as cephalohematomas and subgaleal hemorrhages, may be minimized if the recommended limits for a safe traction force are not exceeded.
authors.affiliation: Colchester Hospital, Turner Road, Colchester CO4 5JL, UK. barry.whitlow@essexrivers.nhs.uk
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Whitlow
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tamizian
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ashworth
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kerry
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Penna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arulkumaran
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014620:Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical / Q000295:instrumentation*