title: Administration of glutamate into the spinal cord at extracellular concentrations reached post-injury causes functional impairments.
abstract: In vivo experiments addressing the role of released glutamate in damage caused by neurotrauma seldom administer glutamate itself because it usually produces relatively little damage when administered into central nervous system (CNS) tissue in vivo. However, because of recent observations that glutamate administered into the spinal cord at the levels attained following spinal cord injury (SCI) kills neurons and oligodendrocytes, we tested the effects of administering glutamate at those concentrations on locomotor function. The Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) test and activity box measures demonstrated that those glutamate concentrations produce lasting functional impairments. Several parameters provided by the activity box provided sensitive measures of the degree of post-SCI impairment, demonstrating their substantial potential for evaluating outcomes of SCI. Results obtained also enhance evidence that glutamate toxicity contributes to secondary damage following SCI and suggest that damage to white matter is an important contributor to such damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-1043, USA.
authors.forename: Guo-Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: Liping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McAdoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D020233:Gait Disorders, Neurologic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid