title: Assessing cost-effectiveness of sealant placement in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The lack of cost-effectiveness information regarding sealant placement strategies is thought to have influenced reimbursement policies and subsequent sealant utilization in dental practice. This study compared three strategies for managing the occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars: seal all (SA), risk-based (RBS), and seal none (SN).
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision tree was developed for various possible outcomes following each of the above strategies. Due to the complexity of the decision tree, a Markov model was used to allow for the construction of a chain of events representing the natural history of sealant retention, caries formation, and their associated health states. The outcome measures were the incremental cost per month gained in a cavity-free state over a ten-year period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our theoretical model showed that RBS strategy improved clinical outcomes, in the form of cavity-free months, and saved money over SN. The strategy of sealing both high and low risk teeth (SA) further improved outcomes but at an additional cost compared to RBS. However, the cost was small, .08 dollars for each additional cavity-free month gained per tooth. Further, minor changes in the baseline assumptions resulted in the SA strategy being the dominant strategy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides evidence that sealing children's first permanent molars can improve outcomes and save money by delaying or avoiding invasive treatment and the destructive cycle of caries. In a time of limited funds for dental services, these results can assist payers in establishing more rational sealant reimbursement policies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. quinoner@dentistry.unc.edu
authors.forename: Rocio B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Quiñonez
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shugars
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Vann
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003663:Decision Trees; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008390:Markov Chains; D008963:Molar; D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants / Q000191:economics*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D010895:Pit and Fissure Sealants