title: Cognitive ability and physical performance in middle-aged African Americans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between cognitive ability and physical performance in a population-based sample of middle-aged African Americans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study, 2000/2001.
  
  
  METHODS
  St. Louis, Missouri.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred ninety-eight African Americans born between 1936 and 1950.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cognitive function was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Animal Naming Test of verbal fluency. Physical performance was measured using eight tests: chair stand, semitandem stand, tandem stand eyes open, tandem stand eyes closed, one-leg stand, usual gait speed, grip strength, and peak expiratory flow.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant and monotonic (progressively worsening) trend of the eight physical performance measures across cognitive tertiles in all eight MMSE analyses and five of eight Animal Naming analyses, controlling for age, sex, education, geographic area, depressive symptoms, and comorbid conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between physical performance and cognitive function appears robust. The results extend previous reports for adults aged 65 and older to a measure of verbal fluency and to a population-based sample of African Americans aged 49 to 65. Further research is needed to disentangle the temporal sequence and identify potential interventions to prevent declines in function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, USA. malmsttk@slu.edu
authors.forename: Theodore K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Malmstrom
authors.forename: Fredric D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: Elena M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: J Philip
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Douglas K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003071:Cognition; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged / Q000502:physiology*; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D009043:Motor Activity; D015995:Prevalence; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis