title: MRI-controlled analysis of 104 patients with painful bone marrow edema in different joint localizations treated with the prostacyclin analogue iloprost.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone marrow edema (BME) is a common cause of pain of the musculoskeletal system. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of iloprost in the treatment of BME of different localizations and etiologies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 104 patients (54 male, 50 female) with BME. Their mean age was 52.8 +/- 14.7 years. BME was located 50 times in the knee, 19 times in the talus, 18 times in the femoral head and 17 times in other bones. Patients were allocated to three distinct etiological groups: 27 cases were estimated to have idiopathic BME, 16 post-traumatic BME and the other 61 BME secondary to activated osteoarthritis or mechanical stress. Therapy consisted of a series of five iloprost infusions with either 20, 25 or 50 microg of iloprost given over 6 hours on 5 consecutive days each.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the clinical follow-up four months after therapy, the pain level of the 104 patients at rest had diminished by a mean of 73% (p<0.0001): 64% of patients reported a reduction, 34% no change and 2% an increase in pain at rest. Pain under stress decreased by a mean of 59%, (p<0.0001): 76% of patients had less pain during activity, 22% no change from baseline and 2% an increased pain level. On MRI, 65% had significant reduction of BME size or complete normalization and 20% showed no change. Worsening of the MRI pattern was found in 2%. 13% were lost to MRI follow-up. Side effects were significantly reduced by lowering the daily dose from 50 to 20 microg, without impairment of therapeutic effect.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The authors conclude that the use of parenteral iloprost might be a viable method in the treatment of BME of different etiologies.
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of General Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital--Speising, Vienna, Austria. roland.meizer@oss.at
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Meizer
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radda
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stolz
authors.forename: Spyridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kotsaris
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Petje
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krasny
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wlk
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayerhöfer
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Landsiedl
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aigner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001855:Bone Marrow Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004487:Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016285:Iloprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000150:complications; D010020:Osteonecrosis / Q000150:complications; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D016285:Iloprost