title: Long-term clinical outcome in patients with Hirschsprung's disease and associated Down's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Down's syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality associated with Hirschsprung's disease (HD). The purpose of this study was to review the long-term clinical outcome in patients with HD and associated DS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1975 and 2003, 39 (15%) of the 259 patients with HD had been associated with DS. Follow-up was carried out by means of examination of patient's records and personal/telephone interviews with the patient's parents or guardians.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six (67%) patients presented in the newborn period and 13 (33%) after the neonatal period. Twenty-eight (72%) patients had rectosigmoid HD, 10 long segment, and 1 total colonic aganglionosis. Thirty-two patients had other associated anomalies, 24 of these having cardiac anomalies. Definitive pull-through operation was performed in 33 patients. Parents of 1 child refused surgical intervention and parents of 2 children decided against pull-through operation after colostomy. Three children died before pull through. Thirteen patients had one or more episodes of enterocolitis after pull-through operation. At the time of follow-up (6 months to 28 years), 3 patients were found to have reverted to stoma because of poor bowel control or recurrent enterocolitis. Of the remaining 30 patients, 3 were lost to follow-up and 4 were too young to be assessed for bowel control. Assessment of bowel function in 23 patients revealed normal control in 8 (4 of these soiled for 6-17 years after definitive surgery), soiling in 8, and constipation requiring enemas or laxatives in 7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The vast majority of patients with HD associated with DS continue to have disturbances of bowel function after definitive pull-through operation.
authors.affiliation: Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: Prem
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Puri
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000453:epidemiology; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D003125:Colostomy; D003248:Constipation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D003672:Defecation; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004760:Enterocolitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000453:epidemiology; D006627:Hirschsprung Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007415:Intestinal Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D007416:Intestinal Perforation / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome