title: Effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) on the bioaccessibility of fat and cholesterol.
abstract: The addition of a compound that lowers the intestinal uptake of fat and cholesterol might be an interesting strategy to reduce the risk of vascular disease. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) has been shown to have this effect in healthy volunteers after intake of a yogurt drink with 3 to 6% PHGG. In the present study a yogurt drink with 3% sunflower oil and 4% egg yolk was tested with 3% and 6% PHGG, and compared to a control without PHGG. Experiments were performed in a multi-compartmental model of the gastrointestinal tract, equipped to study the digestion and availability for absorption (bioaccessibility) of lipids. The results show that PHGG decreases the bioaccessibility of both fat and cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. The bioaccessibility of fat was 79.4+/-1.7%, 70.8+/-2.5% and 60.1+/-1.1% for the control experiments and the experiments with 3% and 6% PHGG respectively. The bioaccessibility of cholesterol was 82.2+/-2.0%, 75.4+/-1.2% and 64.0+/-4.3% for the control and the experiments with 3% and 6% PHGG respectively. Additional experiments indicated that PHGG reduces bioaccessibility through the depletion flocculation mechanism. Depletion flocculation antagonizes the emulsification by bile salts and thus decreases lipolytic activity, resulting in a lower bioaccessibility of fat and cholesterol. Depletion flocculation with polymers might be an interesting mechanism, not described before, to reduce fat and cholesterol absorption.
authors.affiliation: TNO Quality of Life, Zeist, the Netherlands. minekus@voeding.tno.nl
authors.forename: Mans
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minekus
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jelier
authors.forename: Jin-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Shizuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwatsuki
authors.forename: Sadayuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Bertus
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dunnewind
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havenaar
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000032:analysis*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis*; D005685:Galactans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008351:Mannans / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008823:Micelles; D008954:Models, Biological; D009753:Nutritive Value; D010434:Pepsin A; D053149:Plant Gums; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013997:Time Factors; D015014:Yogurt
chemical_list: D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005685:Galactans; D008351:Mannans; D008823:Micelles; D053149:Plant Gums; D010938:Plant Oils; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; C007894:guar gum; D010434:Pepsin A