title: The high incidence of cigarette smoking among American indians of the Northern Plains.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  American Indians present with high rates of diabetes and smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized intervention was implemented on 4 Plains Indian reservations. Information on chronic diseases, nutrition, and exercise was presented interactively. In this article, we specifically discuss the high risk behavior of cigarette smoking.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings indicate an extremely high smoking rate of 57.8% overall, with significantly different rates by age group. Of the participants between the ages of 18 and 24 years, 72.7% were smokers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Culturally appropriate smoking prevention, cessation, and control programs are needed to combat the high incidence of cigarette smoking for the American Indians of the Northern Plains.
authors.forename: Betty A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Geishirt Cantrell
authors.forename: Felicia S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Struthers
authors.forename: Lorelei H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Decora
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking / Q000208:ethnology*; D014481:United States