Internalization and mechanism of action of clostridial toxins in neurons.
Botulinum toxins are metalloproteases that act inside nerve terminals and block neurotransmitter release via their activity directed specifically on SNARE proteins. This review summarizes data on botulinum toxin modes of binding, sites of action, and biochemical activities. Their use in cell biology and neuroscience is considered, as well as their therapeutic utilization in human diseases characterized by hyperfunction of cholinergic terminals.
Grumelli
Carlotta
C
Department of Medical Pharmacology and CNR Institute of Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy.
Verderio
Claudia
C
Pozzi
Davide
D
Rossetto
Ornella
O
Montecucco
Cesare
C
Matteoli
Michela
M
D000818:Animals; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011485:Protein Binding; D050600:SNARE Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D013744:Tetanus Toxin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
D009498:Neurotoxins; D050600:SNARE Proteins; D013744:Tetanus Toxin; D001905:Botulinum Toxins