title: Prognostic significance of lymphovascular invasion in surgically cured rectal carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgery is considered curative in Dukes' B rectal cancer; however, many patients present with early relapse. To identify additional staging information, venous and lymphatic invasion were evaluated as potential prognostic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with Dukes' B or C rectal disease treated between 1976 and 2001 at a single institution were compared. Patient and treatment characteristics and vascular invasion were documented. The impact of vessel invasion was determined using Cox proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 256 Dukes' B patients and 74 Dukes' C cases without vascular invasion. Five-year survival was 76.5% for Dukes' B and 57.1% for Dukes' C patients. Vessel involvement increased the risk of recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.27, P = .0003) and death (HR = 3.11, P = .002) in B2 patients. The magnitude of these associations were comparable to that of C1 patients for recurrence (HR = 2.81, P = .004) and death (HR = 3.05, P = .005), as well as C2 patients for recurrence (HR = 3.45, P = .0008) and death (HR = 3.87, P = .0005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vascular invasion may be useful in characterizing patients with aggressive Dukes' B disease, who might benefit the most from adjuvant systemic therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Hôtel-Dieu de Québec du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Ari-Nareg
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Meguerditchian
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bairati
authors.forename: Réal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lagacé
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Harel
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kibrité
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply*; D012307:Risk Factors; D019043:Vascular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D014680:Veins / Q000473:pathology