title: Different activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signaling is associated with aggressive phenotype of human meningiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activation of intracellular signaling cascades has been implicated in the growth control of benign meningiomas, but their role for meningioma progression and outcome is unknown. Here we determined the expression and function of proteins involved in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling in benign, atypical, and malignant meningiomas and studied their association with clinicopathologic data including meningioma recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of various MAPK and PI3K signaling proteins was determined in 70 primary meningiomas and, if present, in recurrent tumors by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The expression patterns in primary and recurrent tumors were related to clinical data. The effect of MAPK and PI3K pathway inhibition on cell proliferation and apoptosis was determined using a primary malignant meningioma cell culture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Atypical and malignant meningiomas showed higher levels of phospho-Akt compared with benign tumors, and their proliferation could be inhibited by PI3K blocking using wortmannin. PI3K inhibition did not induce apoptosis in malignant meningioma cells. In contrast, expression of phospho-Raf and phospho-MAPK was decreased in aggressive meningiomas compared with benign tumors, but MAPK inhibition by PD98059 resulted in tumor cell apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Reduced MAPK activation was associated with meningioma recurrence, and PI3K activation was associated with poor preclinical condition and brain invasion of malignant meningiomas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways are activated at different levels in benign and malignant meningiomas. Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling contributes to the aggressive behavior of malignant meningiomas, whereas MAPK activation is involved in both proliferation and apoptosis of malignant meningiomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropathology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany. Christian.mawrin@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mawrin
authors.forename: Tina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sasse
authors.forename: Elmar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kirches
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kropf
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grimm
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pambor
authors.forename: Christian K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Vorwerk
authors.forename: Raimund
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Firsching
authors.forename: Uwe
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Lendeckel
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dietzmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008577:Meningeal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008579:Meningioma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000032:analysis; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048490:raf Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D005419:Flavonoids; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D000077191:Wortmannin; D048490:raf Kinases; D018631:ras Proteins; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one