title: Leukemia inhibitory factor as an anti-apoptotic mitogen for pluripotent mouse embryonic stem cells in a serum-free medium without feeder cells.
abstract: We have developed a serum-free medium, designated ESF7, in which leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) clearly stimulated murine embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation accompanied by increased expression of nanog and Rex-1 and decreased FGF-5 expression. These effects were dependent on the concentration of LIF. The ES cells maintained in ESF7 medium for more than 2 yr retained an undifferentiated phenotype, as manifested by the expression of the transcription factor Oct-3/4, the stem cell marker SSEA-1, and alkaline phosphatase. Withdrawal of LIF from ESF7 medium resulted in ES cell apoptosis. Addition of serum to ESF7 medium promoted ES cell differentiation. Addition of BMP4 promoted ES cell differentiation into simple epithelial-like cells. In contrast, FGF-2 promoted ES cell differentiation into neuronal and glial-like cells. Under serum-free culture conditions, LIF was sufficient to stimulate cell proliferation, it inhibited cell differentiation, and it maintained self-renewal of ES cells. Because this simple serum-free adherent monoculture system supports the long-term propagation of pluripotent ES cells in vitro, it will allow the elucidation of ES cell responses to growth factors under defined conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kanagawa Dental College, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan. mihofuru@kdcnet.ac.jp
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furue
authors.forename: Tetsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okochi
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Yasufumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Myoishi
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Gordon H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Asashima
authors.forename: J Denry
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry*; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects*; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; D051379:Mice; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C496450:Fgf5 protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D053605:Leukemia Inhibitory Factor; C507838:Lif protein, mouse; D000071317:Nanog Homeobox Protein; C475540:Nanog protein, mouse; D051521:Fibroblast Growth Factor 5; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors