title: Trends in the use of typical and atypical antipsychotics in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate prevalence rates of antipsychotic use in children and adolescents from 1996 to 2001 in three state Medicaid programs (midwestern [MM], southern [SM], and western [WM]) and one private managed care organization (MCO).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prescription claims were used to evaluate antipsychotic prevalence, defined as the number of children and adolescents up to the age of 19 years with at least one prescription claim for an antipsychotic per 1,000 enrolled youths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 1996 to 2001, the prevalence of total antipsychotic use increased in each program (MM: 4.7 to 14.3 per 1,000; SM: 6.3 to 15.5; WM: 4.5 to 6.9; and MCO: 1.5 to 3.4). Typical antipsychotic use decreased (MM: 3.7 to 2.0 per 1,000; SM: 4.6 to 1.5; WM: 4.4 to 1.3; and MCO: 1.2 to 0.9), while atypical antipsychotic use dramatically increased (MM: 1.4 to 13.1 per 1,000; SM: 2.5 to 14.9; WM: 0.3 to 6.2; and MCO: 0.4 to 2.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased prevalence of antipsychotic use in children and adolescents from 1996 to 2001 was attributed to increased use of atypical antipsychotics. Given the limited data with atypical antipsychotics in youths, this emphasizes the need for additional studies of these agents and other treatment modalities in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Cincinnati, USA.
authors.forename: Nick C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: M Lynn
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Crismon
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoagwood
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Johnsrud
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Rascati
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004363:Drug Utilization / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008484:Medicaid / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents