title: Hinged elbow external fixation for severe elbow contracture.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  When it was first introduced, it was hoped that hinged external fixation with a built-in gear mechanism for applying passive motion and static progressive stretch by turning a dial would improve the arc of ulnohumeral motion, by gradually stretching contracted muscles, after open release of a severe elbow contracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two patients were evaluated at an average of thirty-nine months after operative release of a severe posttraumatic elbow contracture (defined as < or =40 degrees of motion). Twenty-three patients had been treated, during the early part of the study, with a hinged external fixator that incorporated a worm gear to apply static progressive stretch postoperatively. These patients were compared with nineteen patients who had been treated without hinged external fixation during the later part of the study, when the hinge was used less frequently. The operative techniques did not otherwise change during the study period. Demographic and injury characteristics as well as associated problems were comparable between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average gain in the range of motion after the index procedure was 89 degrees in the patients treated with a hinge and 78 degrees in those treated without a hinge, an insignificant difference with the numbers available (p = 0.175). Complications associated with use of the hinge included five pin-track infections, one case of pin-track osteomyelitis, one ulnar fracture through a pin site, two broken Schanz screws, and two cases of irritation of the ulnar nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open release of a severe elbow contracture results in a substantial gain in motion, with or without hinged elbow fixation. The slightly greater improvement in motion provided by the hinge does not justify the associated increase in risk, expense, and complications.
authors.affiliation: Massachusetts General Hospital, ACC 525, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. dring@partners.org
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ring
authors.forename: Robert N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hotchkiss
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guss
authors.forename: Jesse B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jupiter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003286:Contracture / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004551:Elbow Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular