title: Are patients' ratings of their physicians related to health outcomes?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Observational studies using patient reports suggest associations between physician interpersonal styles and patient outcomes. Possible confounding of these associations has not been carefully examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approximately 4,700 patients of 96 physicians completed a survey instrument that included reported health status changes during the previous year, perceptions of their physician (satisfaction, trust, knowledge of patient, and autonomy support), and sociodemographic and clinical covariates. We examined the adjusted relationship between patient perceptions of their physicians and reported health status changes. Using multilevel analyses, we then explored differences among physicians in patient perceptions of their physicians and whether these differences were explained by the relationship between patient perceptions and reported health status changes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were significant adjusted relationships between patient perceptions of their physician and reported health status changes: better perceptions were associated with a smaller risk of health status decline (adjusted odds ratio = 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.24; P <.01). Multilevel analysis showed significant differences between physicians in patient perceptions of their physicians (rho = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.07-0.13; P <.01), but these physician differences were unrelated to reported health status decline (rho = 0; P >.99).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using methods similar to those of previous studies, we found a relationship between patient perceptions of their physicians and reported health status declines. Multilevel analysis, however, suggested that this relationship is not a physician effect; it may reflect unmeasured patient confounding. Multilevel analyses may help to examine the relationships between physician styles and outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento 95817, USA. pfranks@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fiscella
authors.forename: Cleveland G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Shields
authors.forename: Sean C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duberstein
authors.forename: Anthony F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Jerant
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tancredi
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Epstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D014481:United States