title: The use of an interspinous implant in conjunction with a graded facetectomy procedure.
abstract: METHODS
  The range of motion (ROM) of lumbar cadaver spines was measured during flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending following graded facetectomies and implantation of an X STOP interspinous spacer implant.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study was performed undertaken to understand better the influence of the interspinous spacer implant on the kinematics of the lumbar spine following graded facetectomies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Lateral lumbar spinal stenosis is often treated with a unilateral or bilateral facetectomy procedure. Previous biomechanical research has shown that a facetectomy may increase the ROM during flexion and axial rotation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven cadaver spines (L2-L5) were tested in flexion, extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending, and the individual ROM of each motion segment was measured. Specimens were tested intact and following 3 graded facetectomies (i.e., unilateral medial facetectomy [UMF], unilateral total facetectomy [UTF], and bilateral total facetectomy [BTF]), with and without the X STOP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A BTF caused a significant increase in ROM during flexion and axial rotation but not extension and lateral bending. The UMF and UTF did not affect the ROM during any of the 4 motions. The interspinous implant: (1) significantly decreased the flexion ROM for the intact, UMF, UTF, and BTF treatments; (2) significantly decreased the extension ROM for the intact, UMF, and BTF treatments but not the UTF (P < 0.13); (3) had no significant effect on the axial rotation ROM; and (4) significantly increased the lateral bending ROM for the UMF, UTF, and BTF treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the implant may be used in conjunction with a UMF or UTF. However, the X STOP should not be used in conjunction with BTF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Derek P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: Ken Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: James F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zucherman
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Yerby
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016268:Internal Fixators; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery; D018583:Pliability; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016474:Weight-Bearing; D021801:Zygapophyseal Joint / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*