title: Resident work hour limits and patient safety.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the effect of resident physician work hour limits on surgical patient safety.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Resident work hour limits have been enforced in New York State since 1998 and nationwide from 2003. A primary assumption of these limits is that these changes will improve patient safety. We examined effects of this policy in New York on standardized surgical Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  An interrupted time series analysis was performed using 1995 to 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample data. The intervention studied was resident work hour limit enforcement in New York teaching hospitals. PSIs included rates of accidental puncture or laceration (APL), postoperative pulmonary embolus or deep venous thrombosis (PEDVT), foreign body left during procedure (FB), iatrogenic pneumothorax (PTX), and postoperative wound dehiscence (WD). PSI trends were compared pre- versus postintervention in New York teaching hospitals and in 2 control groups: New York nonteaching hospitals and California teaching hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A mean of 2.6 million New York discharges per year were analyzed with cumulative events of 33,756 (APL), 36,970 (PEDVT), 1,447 (FB), 10,727 (PTX), and 2,520 (WD). Increased rates over time (expressed per 1000 discharges each quarter) were observed in both APL (0.15, 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.20, P<0.05) and PEDVT (0.43, 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.83, P<0.05) after policy enforcement in New York teaching hospitals. No changes were observed in either control group for these events or New York teaching hospital rates of FB, PTX, or WD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Resident work hour limits in New York teaching hospitals were not associated with improvements in surgical patient safety measures, with worsening trends observed in APL and PEDVT corresponding with enforcement.
authors.affiliation: Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. benjamin.poulose@vanderbilt.edu
authors.forename: Benjamin K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Poulose
authors.forename: Wayne A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Arbogast
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Needleman
authors.forename: Peter I
authors.initials: PI
authors.lastname: Buerhaus
authors.forename: Marie R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Naji N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Abumrad
authors.forename: R Daniel
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Beauchamp
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Holzman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003266:Continuity of Patient Care; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009518:New York; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care; D012044:Regression Analysis; D014940:Work Schedule Tolerance; D016526:Workload / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*