title: Association of mismatch repair deficiency with PTEN frameshift mutations in endometrial cancers and the precursors in a Japanese population.
abstract: We studied mismatch repair deficiency and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) mutations in endometrial cancers and hyperplasias in a Japanese population. Methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme polymerase chain reaction revealed MLH1 hypermethylation in 21 (38%) of 56 endometrial cancers. Sequencing analysis revealed PTEN mutations in 22 patients with cancer (39%) in exons 5 and 8. A PTEN frameshift mutation was associated significantly with MLH1 hypermethylation (P = .01) and a highly positive phenotype with microsatellite instability (P < .001) but not with a PTEN missense mutation. In hyperplasia, MLH1 hypermethylation was similarly observed (11/27 [41%]), but the PTEN mutation was less frequent (5/27 [19%]), observed only in atypical hyperplasias; among the 5 patients with a PTEN mutation, the 2 patients with frameshift mutations had MLH1 hypermethylation, but the 3 patients with missense mutations had unmethylated MLH1. These findings indicate that MLH1 hypermethylation is an early event frequently occurring in hyperplasia without atypia, whereas the PTEN mutation occurs later, mostly in atypical hyperplasia, possibly caused by MLH1 hypermethylation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Taro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kyo
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maida
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takakura
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mizumoto
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D020137:Base Pair Mismatch; D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004714:Endometrial Hyperplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016368:Frameshift Mutation; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D008745:Methylation; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C494929:PTEN protein, human; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1