title: Mechanisms of improvement of respiratory failure in patients with restrictive thoracic disease treated with non-invasive ventilation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective treatment for hypercapnic respiratory failure in patients with restrictive thoracic disease. We hypothesised that NIV may reverse respiratory failure by increasing the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide, reducing inspiratory muscle fatigue, or enhancing pulmonary mechanics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with restrictive disease were studied at baseline (D0) and at 5-8 days (D5) and 3 months (3M).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) daytime arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco(2)) was reduced from 7.1 (0.9) kPa to 6.6 (0.8) kPa at D5 and 6.3 (0.9) kPa at 3M (p = 0.004), with the mean (SD) hypercapnic ventilatory response increasing from 2.8 (2.3) l/min/kPa to 3.6 (2.4) l/min/kPa at D5 and 4.3 (3.3) l/min/kPa at 3M (p = 0.044). No increase was observed in measures of inspiratory muscle strength including twitch transdiaphragmatic pressure, nor in lung function or respiratory system compliance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that increased ventilatory response to carbon dioxide is the principal mechanism underlying the long term improvement in gas exchange following NIV in patients with restrictive thoracic disease. Increases in respiratory muscle strength (sniff oesophageal pressure and sniff nasal pressure) correlated with reductions in the Epworth sleepiness score, possibly indicating an increase in the ability of patients to activate inspiratory muscles rather than an improvement in contractility.
authors.affiliation: Osler Chest Unit, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX4 7LJ, UK. annabel@medex.org.uk
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nickol
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Hopkinson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moxham
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simonds
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Polkey
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018908:Muscle Weakness / Q000628:therapy; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012132:Respiratory Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D013896:Thoracic Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide