title: Subcellular localization of glucose transporter 4 in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice under basal conditions.
abstract: Glucose transporter (GLUT) 4 plays an important role in insulin-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue. Although GLUT4 is abundant in the hypothalamus as well as in these peripheral tissues, little is known about the role of GLUT4 in the hypothalamus. In this study, we examined the subcellular localization of GLUT4 and the activation of insulin signaling pathways in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice under basal conditions. The expression of GLUT4 in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice was higher than that in lean mice. Interestingly, GLUT4 on the plasma membrane increased significantly in neurons of the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice when compared to that in lean mice. Because serum insulin levels of ob/ob mice were very high, we hypothesized that insulin strongly stimulates GLUT4 translocation in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice. Unexpectedly, tyrosine phosphorylation of IR and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) was faint in the hypothalamus of lean and ob/ob mice. In addition, phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice was higher when compared to that in lean mice, suggesting that insulin signaling is impaired by phosphorylation of IRS-1 at Ser307 in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice. However, serine phosphorylation of Akt in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice increased significantly when compared to that in lean mice. Furthermore, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, an activator of PI3K-Akt pathway in neurons, increased significantly in the ventromedial hypothalamus of ob/ob mice. We discuss the possibility of novel pathways which induce the translocation of GLUT4 in the arcuate nucleus of ob/ob mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
authors.forename: Tadasuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Komori
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Kishio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nanjo
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Senba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D051275:Glucose Transporter Type 4; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; C526295:Irs1 protein, mouse; D009004:Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; C495693:Slc2a4 protein, mouse; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt