title: Cell extract-derived differentiation of embryonic stem cells.
abstract: Various means have been used to encourage the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) toward specific lineages, including growth factor administration, genetic modification, and coculture with relevant cells/tissues. Cell extract-based reprogramming has recently been used to derive mature cells from nonrelated phenotypes. In this communication, we tested whether this in vitro reprogramming approach can be used to direct ESC differentiation. Permeabilized murine ESCs exposed to extracts of murine type II pneumocytes showed increased expression of surfactant protein C and its corresponding mRNA, reflecting enhanced differentiation of pneumocytes. Subsequent differentiation to a type I phenotype was demonstrated by expression of aquaporin 5. Pneumocyte formation occurred quicker than with growth factor-induced differentiation. Our findings establish that ESCs can be differentiated in vitro using cellular extracts. This model provides a tool for analysis of the key factors involved in the differentiation of ESCs to type II pneumocytes.
authors.affiliation: Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine Centre, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea & Westminster Campus, Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.
authors.forename: Mingde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Guangping
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collas
authors.forename: Julia M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: Anne E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051402:Aquaporin 5; D020346:Aquaporins / Q000378:metabolism; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D037721:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C496038:Aqp5 protein, mouse; D051402:Aquaporin 5; D020346:Aquaporins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D037721:Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins