Structures and functions of snake venom CLPs (C-type lectin-like proteins) with anticoagulant-, procoagulant-, and platelet-modulating activities.
C-type lectin-like proteins (CLPs) have a variety of biological activities, including anticoagulant- and platelet-modulating activities but have no lectin activity. CLPs are made up of heterodimers or oligomers of heterodimers, while C-type lectins from snake venom are composed exclusively of homodimers or homooligomers. In the last decade, numerous CLPs, such as blood coagulation factor IX/X-binding protein and botrocetin, have been isolated from various snake venoms, sequenced, and characterized. In addition, RVV-X (factor X activator) and carinactivase-1 (prothrombin activator) are metalloproteases composed of two C-type lectin-like domains that recognize the Gla domain of factor X and prothrombin, respectively. The basic structures of these CLPs include two homologous subunits: subunit alpha (A chain) of 14-15 kDa and subunit beta (B chain) of 13-14 kDa. CLPs occur in a variety of oligomeric forms, including alphabeta, (alphabeta)(2), and (alphabeta)(4). The basic homologous dimer (alphabeta) of these CLPs is formed by three-dimensional (3D) domain swapping. The CLPs constitute a new protein family and are useful tools for elucidating the mechanisms involved in clotting and platelet activation as well as the structure-function relationships of both blood clotting factors and platelet glycoproteins.
Morita
Takashi
T
Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1, Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan. tmorita@my-pharm.ac.jp
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005164:Factor IX / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D030162:Reptilian Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000378:metabolism*; D012911:Snakes; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D030162:Reptilian Proteins; D012910:Snake Venoms; C431277:factor X-binding protein, Deinagkistrodon acutus; C402798:flavocetin A; C028890:convulxin; D005164:Factor IX