title: Flow cytometry and fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect residual neuroblastoma cells in bone marrow.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In patients with neuroblastoma morphological assessment of BM for residual NB cells is not precise, particularly when the number of tumor cells is small.
  
  
  METHODS
  To develop a sensitive and rapid method of detecting NB cells in BM, we assessed the efficiency of flow cytometry (FCM) using markers CD9, CD56, and CD45. The percent of CD9+/CD56+/CD45- (NB phenotype) cells was determined by FCM in 41 samples (16 patients) at various time points. For confirmation fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for 17q gain was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen of the 22 (86%) samples that were negative by morphology were positive by FCM (>0.006% CD9+/CD56+/CD45- cells). The longest time to complete the FCM study was 3 hr. In six FISH experiments the sorted CD9+/CD56+/CD45- population had a higher percentage of cells with 17q gain (11.5-95%) compared to a CD56-/CD45+ internal control population (2-8%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our preliminary results suggest that FCM determination of the percent of CD9+/CD56+/CD45- cells is an effective method of rapidly detecting NB cells in BM.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Mehmet Fatih
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Okcu
authors.forename: Rui-Yu
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bueso-Ramos
authors.forename: Wendy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Weidner
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrassy
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blakely
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.forename: Alp
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuttesch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
authors.forename: Ka Wah
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Joann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ater
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000032:analysis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D001856:Bone Marrow Examination; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD