title: The cerebrovascular risks associated with tamoxifen use.
abstract: Tamoxifen, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator with oestrogen antagonistic effects in the breast, is an effective treatment for breast cancer. Although tamoxifen has been shown to have favourable effects on cardiovascular risk factors, several studies have shown an increased risk of venous thrombosis and stroke. The mechanisms of increased risk of both venous and arterial thrombosis remain unclear based on measurement of markers of thrombosis in women using tamoxifen. In addition, the aetiology of stroke, emphasising the distinction between cerebral venous thrombosis and ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, as well as paradoxical embolism, needs to be determined before the issue of stroke risk can be clarified. Future studies of women with breast cancer using tamoxifen should be designed to determine the stroke etiologies that are most common in women using tamoxifen, the role of additional chemotherapy and existing stroke risk factors, and the potential mechanisms of venous and arterial thrombosis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Duke Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. Cheryl.Bushnell@duke.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bushnell
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D013629:Tamoxifen