title: Vaginal ring delivering estradiol and progesterone: a possible alternative to relieve climacteric symptoms.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relief of climacteric symptoms is currently the main role of hormone therapy. However, vaginal bleeding complicating this therapy is among the leading causes for its early discontinuation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a vaginal ring delivering estradiol and progesterone in postmenopausal women and to determine whether continuous administration can relieve climacteric symptoms, produce an acceptable pattern of vaginal bleeding and control endometrial proliferation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-nine postmenopausal women with an intact uterus were studied. All had climacteric symptoms. The vaginal rings contained 0.36 g estradiol and either 3.6 g progesterone (high dose progesterone) or 1.8 g (low dose progesterone), and were kept in place for 4-6 months. Serum progesterone, estradiol and estrone were measured and endometrial thickness determined. All women kept a daily diary of bleeding/spotting and completed a questionnaire on climacteric symptoms at monthly intervals. The low dose progesterone group comprised 14 women and the high dose progesterone group 15 women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 patients (9 in each group) completed the study. Mean levels of estradiol, estrone and progesterone were at their peak after 2 to 4 weeks. All rings were effective in alleviating vasomotor symptoms, although there was evidence of "escape from effect" in month 6. Endometrial thickness increased in 6 of the 29 women but biopsy in each case showed no evidence of hyperplasia. Of the 18 women who completed the study, 5 had amenorrhea throughout, 7 had amenorrhea after 3 months, and the remainder had one or two bleeding episodes after 3 months. Therapy was discontinued in 11 women.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A vaginal ring delivering estradiol and progesterone controlled climacteric symptoms, prevented endometrial proliferation, and provided an acceptable bleeding pattern. It should be viewed as a possible alternative for short-term estrogen-progesterone therapy.
authors.affiliation: Women's Health Center (Ramat Eshkol), Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem. benchet@012.net.il
authors.forename: Avraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ben-Chetrit
authors.forename: Drorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hochner-Celnikier
authors.forename: Tzina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lindenberg
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zacut
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shimonovitz
authors.forename: Hadassa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gelber
authors.forename: Irving M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Spitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004717:Endometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004970:Estrone / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014592:Uterine Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004970:Estrone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol