title: Kinetics of carbosulfan hydrolysis to carbofuran and the subsequent degradation of this last compound in irrigated rice fields.
abstract: The objectives of this work were estimate the reaction rates of hydrolysis of carbosulfan to carbofuran and subsequent degradation of this last compound in irrigated rice fields, and the respective half life, in aquatic environment and soil solution, by mean of numerical solution of differential ordinary linear equations system that describes the kinetics of insecticide concentrations. The results indicated that the carbosulfan and carbofuran have low persistence in water and medium persistence in soil solution of tropical irrigated rice fields. However, both compounds can be found in laminar water and soil solution in concentration above environmental and human safety limits.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Agua e Solo, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cx. 6011, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. lpmplese@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Luís Pedro
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: de Melo Plese
authors.forename: Lourival Costa
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Paraiba
authors.forename: Luiz Lonardoni
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Foloni
authors.forename: Luiz Roberto
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Pimentel Trevizan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002219:Carbamates / Q000378:metabolism*; D002235:Carbofuran / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D012275:Oryza; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002219:Carbamates; D007306:Insecticides; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002235:Carbofuran; C035038:carbosulfan