title: [Akinetic mutism related to hydrocephalus and cerebellar surgery treated with bromocriptine and ephedrine. A pathophysiological review].
abstract: Akinetic mutism (AM) is a behavioral disorder characterized by impossibility to move or speak in awake patients. lt has been typically described as a transient disorder following posterior fossa tumour resection. Besides, AM may also appear after recurrent shunt failures in hydrocephalic patients, with no tendency towards improvement, either spontaneously or with shunt revisions. However successful treatment of this second type of AM has been achieved with bromocriptine. We present a patient who developed AM after a posterior fossa surgery complicated by ventriculitis and multiple hydrocephalic events. AM only improved with bromocriptine. We review AM pathophysiology. Although not well known, it appears to be quite different, depending on its cerebellar or hydrocephalic origin. Damage to dentate nucleus or its efferents (mainly of glutamate) should promote AM of cerebellar origin, while damage to paraventricular monoaminergic pathways could explain AM related to repeated shunt failures which has successful response to bromocriptine treatment. However, a more complete study of this disorder is required to ascertain its aetiology.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Neurocirugía, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mateo-Sierra
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernández-Carballal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pinilla
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mosqueira
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Iza
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carrillo
mesh_terms: D000405:Akinetic Mutism / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D001971:Bromocriptine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004809:Ephedrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D020786:Hemangioma, Cavernous, Central Nervous System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000150:complications*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D001971:Bromocriptine; D004809:Ephedrine