title: [Testing nasogastric tube placement: evaluation of three different methods in intensive care unit].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of three methods (aspiration of gastric fluid, pH measurement of gastric fluid, and insufflation of air) in order to determine the right position of the nasogastric (NG) tube.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, observational study in an intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients requiring a NG tube were included. Since the NG tube was inserted three tests were successively performed: aspiration of gastric fluid, pH measurement of the gastric fluid, and auscultation over the epigastrium of air injected through the NG tube. The feasibility and the results obtained for each test were noted and compared to chest X-ray, considered as the reference. Chest X-ray classified the complications as major or minor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 419 NG tube (202 decompressive NG tube and 217 gastric feeding tube) were analysed in 280 patients. Malpositions of the NG tube were observed in 10% (majors, n=11 and minors, n=31). Aspiration of gastric fluid and pH measurement were not sensible (77% and 49%, respectively) and not specific (38% and 74%, respectively). Insufflation of air was sensible (96%) but not specific (17%). The combination of the three methods did not improve the sensibility and specificity. Two complications were only detected by chest X-ray (one insertion in the intrapleural space, and one pneumothorax).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  None of the test evaluated, alone or associated, was sufficient to avoid chest X-ray. Moreover the occurrence of two potential and serious complications only detected by chest X-ray increase this assertion.
authors.affiliation: Service de réanimation chirurgicale, hôpital Pontchaillou, 2, rue Henri-Le-Guilloux, 35033 Rennes cedex 09, France. philippe.seguin@chu-rennes.fr
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seguin
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Le Bouquin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aguillon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maurice
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Laviolle
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mallédant
mesh_terms: D001314:Auscultation; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D005745:Gastric Acidity Determination; D006801:Humans; D007327:Insufflation; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D019300:Medical Errors; D011859:Radiography; D013270:Stomach / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging