title: Biomarker-based risk assessment model in acute pulmonary embolism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite growing interest in biomarkers application for risk evaluation in acute pulmonary embolism (APE), no decision-making levels have been defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We developed a biomarker-based risk stratification in 100 consecutive, normotensive on admission, APE patients (35 males, 65 females, 62+/-18 years). On admission serum NT-proBNP and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels were assessed and echocardiography was performed. All-cause 40-day mortality was 15% and APE mortality was 8%. In univariable analysis, cTnT>0.07 microg/L predicted all-cause mortality, hazard ratio (HR) 9.2 (95% CI: 3.3-26.1, P<0.0001), and APE mortality, HR 18.1 (95% CI: 3.6-90.2, P=0.0004); similarly, NT-proBNP>7600 ng/L predicted all-cause and APE mortalities [HR 6.7 (95% CI: 2.4-19.0, P=0.0003) and 7.3 (95% CI: 1.7-30.6, P=0.007)]. NT-proBNP<600 ng/L indicated uncomplicated outcome. Multivariable analysis revealed that cTnT>0.07 microg/L was the most significant independent predictor, whereas NT-proBNP and systemic systolic blood pressure measured on admission and echocardiographic parameters were non-significant. APE mortality in patients with NT-proBNP> or =600 ng/L and cTnT> or =0.07 microg/L reached 33%. NT-proBNP<600 ng/L indicated group without deaths. APE mortality for patients with NT-proBNP> or =600 ng/L and cTnT<0.07 microg/L was 3.7%. Incorporation of echocardiographic data did not improve group selection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Simultaneous measurement of serum cTnT and NT-proBNP allows for precise APE prognosis. Normotensive patients on admission with cTnT> or =0.07 microg/L and NT-proBNP> or =600 ng/L are at high risk of APE mortality, whereas NTproBNP<600 ng/L indicates excellent prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Angiology, The Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1a, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kostrubiec
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pruszczyk
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bochowicz
authors.forename: Ryszard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacho
authors.forename: Marcin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szulc
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kaczynska
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Styczynski
authors.forename: Agnieszka
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kuch-Wocial
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abramczyk
authors.forename: Zbigniew
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bartoszewicz
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Berent
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuczynska
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000465:Algorithms; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000097:blood* / Q000401:mortality; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D020107:Troponin T; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain