title: Transcriptional and posttranscriptional inhibition of lysyl oxidase expression by cigarette smoke condensate in cultured rat fetal lung fibroblasts.
abstract: Lysyl oxidase (LO) catalyzes crosslinking of collagen and elastin essential for maintaining the structural integrity of the lung extracellular matrix (ECM). To understand mechanisms of cigarette smoke (CS)-induced emphysema, we investigated effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC), the particulate matter of CS, on LO mRNA expression in cultured rat fetal lung fibroblasts (RFL6). Exposure of RFL6 cells to 0-120 microg CSC/ml for 24 h induced a dose-dependent inhibition of LO steady-state mRNAs, for example, reducing transcript levels to below 10% of the control in cells incubated with 80-120 microg CSC/ml. Nuclear run-on assays indicated a marked reduction in LO relative transcriptional rates amounting to 27.7% of the control in cells treated with 120 microg CSC/ml. The actinomycin D-chase assay showed that CSC enhanced the instability of LO transcripts. The t1/2 for LO mRNA decay was decreased from 24 h in the control to 4.5 h in cells treated with 120 microg CSC/ml. Moreover, 80-120 microg CSC/ml also inhibited LO promoter activity as revealed by suppression of reporter gene expression in cells transfected with LO promoter-luciferase vectors. Thus, inhibition of LO transcription initiation and enhancement of LO mRNA instability both contributed to downregulation of LO steady-state mRNA in CSC-treated cells. Note that inhibition of LO mRNA expression by CSC was closely accompanied by markedly decreased levels of transcripts of collagen type I and tropoelastin, two substrates of LO. Thus, transcriptional perturbation of LO and its substrates may be a critical mechanism for ECM damage in CS-induced emphysema.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
authors.forename: Song
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Keyang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yinzhi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Celeste B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Rich
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sandy J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toselli
authors.forename: Phillip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Wande
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000235:genetics; D004549:Elastin / Q000235:genetics; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000201:enzymology; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D020871:RNA Stability; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012906:Smoke; D004549:Elastin; D008249:Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase