title: Rapid determination of furan in heated foodstuffs by isotope dilution solid phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS).
abstract: An analytical method is reported to determine trace amounts of furan in several different commercial foodstuffs that are subjected to thermal treatment. The SPME-GC-MS method is rapid and robust, and entails the following steps: addition of deuterated furan to the sample, sodium chloride-assisted extraction into the headspace, cryofocussing, and finally fibre desorption and GC-MS analysis. Furan is quantified by the use of an external calibration curve, achieving a decision limit (CC alpha) and detection capability (CC beta) of 17 pg and 43 pg, respectively, as absolute furan concentration in a 10 ml headspace vial. The method is applicable to a wide variety of foods, including fruits juices, baby foods in jars, canned foods, pet food, coffee and coffee substitutes. Typical amounts of furan found in selected foodstuffs range from about 1 microg kg(-1) (fruit juice) to 110 microg kg(-1) (baby food containing cooked vegetables). In-house validation data show good precision and accuracy of the method, with a typical repeatability of between 5 and 16% in different food matrices, and trueness determined in orange juice and coffee as 87 and 93%, respectively. Moreover, the measurement uncertainty has been evaluated for two matrices (fruit juice and coffee). Studies on short-term stability of furan in certain foods are also presented, and show that the furan content decreases in food while heating for preparation or reconstitution.
authors.affiliation: Nestlé Research Center, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland. till.goldmann@rdls.nestle.com
authors.forename: Till
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: Adrienne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Périsset
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Scanlan
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Stadler
mesh_terms: D001628:Beverages / Q000032:analysis; D004355:Drug Stability; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005663:Furans / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; C039281:furan