title: CuCl2-catalyzed PCDD/F formation and congener patterns from phenols.
abstract: Homologue and isomer patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) in CuCl2-catalyzed formation were studied in an isothermal flow reactor using a distribution of 20 phenols as measured in municipal waste incinerator (MWI) exhaust gases. A mixture of 20 phenols was synthesized and used as reactants for this study because phenols are known to be key precursors in the formation of PCDD/F. Experiments were conducted at 400 degrees C. The 92% of nitrogen (N2) and 8% of oxygen (O2) were used as a carrier gas. PCDD/F homologue and isomer patterns with dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) and dibenzofuran (DF) were obtained from a mixture of 20 phenols. DF+PCDF formation was favored over DD+PCDD formation. The major homologue groups formed were non-chlorinated DD and DF, and PCDD/F homologue fraction decreased with the degree of chlorination. PCDD/F homologue and isomer distributions were almost constant. Phenol and lower chlorinated phenols present in high amount played an important role in PCDD/F congener distributions. The results presented here can be used as characteristics or fingerprints for homologue and isomer patterns of PCDD/F formation attribution in CuCl2-catalyzed reaction from phenols.
authors.affiliation: Combustion Control Group, Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan. jaeyong.ryu@aist.go.jp
authors.forename: Jae-Yong
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mulholland
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Do-Hyong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatanaka
mesh_terms: D001572:Benzofurans / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D017745:Incineration; D007536:Isomerism; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry*; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D000072338:Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010636:Phenols; D000072317:Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D003300:Copper; C029892:cupric chloride