title: Anionic groups on cellulosic fiber surfaces investigated by XPS, FTIR-ATR, and different sorption methods.
abstract: Anionic groups (AGs) on different cellulosic fiber surfaces were investigated by methylene blue (MB) and polyelectrolyte (PE) sorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and total attenuated reflectance infrared spectrometry (FTIR-ATR). The MB sorption isotherms fitted well the Langmuir equation that gave consistent estimations of sorption capacities. FTIR-ATR showed that MB molecules had extensive accessibility to the fiber wall pores. Estimation of surface AGs by PE sorption gave much higher values than a new method combining MB sorption and XPS measurements (MB-XPS). The surface AGs in different cellulosic fibers accounted for 1-3% of the total AG content as revealed by MB-XPS. It was suggested that PE molecules can penetrate the fiber wall and form loops or unattached segments at external fiber surfaces that disrupt the PE sorption stoichiometry. The competition of MB and PE for the anionic sites in papermaking was assessed and it was shown that MB ions have a much stronger affinity to AGs than PE molecules.
authors.affiliation: Process Chemistry Center, Laboratory of Wood and Paper Chemistry, Abo Akademi University, Porthansgatan 3, FIN-20500 Turku/Abo, Finland. pfardim@abo.fi
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fardim
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Bjarne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Holmbom
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000838:Anions / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013053:Spectrophotometry / Q000379:methods; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D013499:Surface Properties; D014965:X-Rays
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D004573:Electrolytes; D002482:Cellulose; D008751:Methylene Blue