title: Preload-adjusted 2 wave-intensity peaks reflect simultaneous assessment of left ventricular contractility and relaxation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The magnitudes of the first (WI1) and the second wave-intensity peak (WI2) during the ejection period can be used as indices of left ventricular (LV) contractility and relaxation, respectively. However, use of WI to characterize LV dp/dt and the end-diastolic volume (V ed) relationship may be more problematic, as WI may be affected by changes in preload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LV pressure-volume data sets, consisting of 23 recordings obtained by the conductance method from 12 heart disease patients, were studied. End-systolic elastance (E es) and volume-axis-intercept (V0) were calculated with varying preload. Time constant of LV relaxation (tau), V ed, and WI were calculated from steady-state averaged data. The E es showed a weak correlation with WI1 (r = 0.46, p < 0.05) but a better correlation with preload-adjusted WI1 [WI1/V ed; r=0.86, WI1/V(ed)2; r = 0.92, WI1/(V ed - V0)2; r = 0.89, all p < 0.01]. Similarly, tau did not correlate with WI2 but did correlate with preload-adjusted WI2 [WI2/V ed; r = -0.73, WI2/V(ed) 2; r = -0.63, WI2/(V ed - V0)2; r = -0.78, all p < 0.01].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the importance of preload-adjustment when using the WI index for simultaneous assessment of LV contractility and relaxation.
authors.affiliation: The Cardiovascular Institute, Tokyo, Japan. ms-nakayama@kashima.jp
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oikawa
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Tadanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
authors.forename: Long-Tai
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D017725:Ventricular Pressure