title: HEV, TTV and GBV-C/HGV markers in patients with acute viral hepatitis.
abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV, TTV and GBV-C/GBV-C/HGV in patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B and non-A-C. We evaluated sera of 94 patients from a sentinel program who had acute hepatitis A (N = 40), B (N = 42) and non-A-C (N = 12); 71 blood donors served as controls. IgM and anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay using commercial kits. TTV and GBV-C/HGV were detected by nested PCR; genotyping was done by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Anti-HEV IgG was present in 38, 10 and 17% of patients with hepatitis A, B and non-A-C. Four patients with hepatitis A and 1 with non-A-C hepatitis also had anti-HEV IgM detected in serum. TTV was detected in 21% of patients with acute hepatitis and in 31% of donors. GBV-C/HGV was detected in 9% of patients with hepatitis, and in 10% of donors. We found TTV isolates of genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 and GBV-C/HGV isolates of genotypes 1 and 2. Mean aminotransferase levels were lower in patients who were TTV or GBV-C/HGV positive. In conclusion, the detection of anti-HEV IgM in some acute hepatitis A cases suggests co-infection with HEV and hepatitis E could be the etiology of a few cases of sporadic non-A-C hepatitis in Salvador, Brazil. TTV genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 isolates and GBV-C/HGV genotype 1 and 2 strains are frequent in the studied population. TTV and GBV-C/HGV infection does not appear to have a role in the etiology of acute hepatitis.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. aclyra@atarde.com.br
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.forename: J R R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Pinho
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sousa
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Saraceni
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Braga
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: M A S
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Zarife
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Reis
authors.forename: L G C
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Lyra
authors.forename: L C da
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Carrilho
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D015415:Biomarkers; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D029407:GB virus C / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005838:Genotype; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D016752:Hepatitis E virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006525:Hepatitis, Viral, Human / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015995:Prevalence; D018571:Sentinel Surveillance; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D022783:Torque teno virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M