title: Absence of implicit and explicit memory during propofol/remifentanil anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High doses of opioid associated with low doses of hypnotic is a popular anaesthetic technique since the use of remifentanil has become widespread. This type of anaesthesia could result in a higher incidence of implicit memory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were anaesthetised with a target-controlled infusion of remifentanil (target concentration of 8 ng mL(-1)) combined with a target-controlled infusion of propofol with progressive stepwise increases until loss of consciousness was reached. A tape containing 20 words was then played to the patients. Bispectral index (BIS, Aspect Medical Systems, Newton, MA, USA) was continuously monitored during the whole study period. Implicit and explicit memories were tested between 2 and 4 h after recovery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loss of consciousness was obtained with a mean calculated propofol plasma concentration of 1.3 +/- 0.4 microg mL(-1). At this low hypnotic concentration no implicit or explicit memory was found in the three postoperative memory tests. Median (range) BIS value during word presentation was 93 (80-98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our group of young American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I/II patients, no explicit or implicit memory was found when the calculated concentration of propofol combined with a high concentration of remifentanil was maintained at the level associated with loss of consciousness with high BIS values.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, ULB, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: P Y
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Lequeux
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Velghe-Lenelle
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cantraine
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sosnowski
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barvais
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001364:Awareness / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015742:Propofol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077208:Remifentanil; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D010880:Piperidines; D000077208:Remifentanil; D015742:Propofol