title: Aluminium hydroxide-induced granulomas in pigs.
abstract: The effect of intramuscular injection of 40 mg/2 ml aluminium hydroxide in the neck of pigs was examined in a number of ways. The investigation followed repeated slaughterhouse reports, according to which 64.8% of pigs from one particular farm were found at slaughter to have one or more nodules in the muscles of the neck (group slaughtered). The pigs had been injected with a vaccine containing 40 mg/2 ml dose of aluminium hydroxide as adjuvant. Research consisted of two phases: first, an epidemiological study was carried out, aimed at determining the risk factors for the granulomas. The results indicated that the vaccine was to be held responsible for the formation of granulomas. A clinical trial was then performed to further substantiate the initial hypothesis, by comparing pigs, which were aseptically inoculated twice with either the original vaccine or the adjuvant alone (groups vaccine and adjuvant) to pigs inoculated twice with apyrogenic bi-distilled water (group water) and to pigs inoculated once with the adjuvant and once with apyrogenic bi-distilled water (group adjuvant/water). Both studies agreed in their conclusions, which indicate that the high amount of aluminium hydroxide was the cause of the granulomas.
authors.affiliation: DVM, Azienda Agricola Floria,Via Piave, Orzivecchi, Brescia, Italy. serafinovaltu@aliceposta.it
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Valtulini
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Macchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ballanti
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cherel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laval
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Theaker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bak
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferretti
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morvan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000378:metabolism; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D006099:Granuloma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology; D009336:Necrosis; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000536:Aluminum Hydroxide; D000535:Aluminum