title: Reconstruction of the superior sagittal sinus with silicone tubing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors conducted a study to develop a safe and effective intracranial venous sinus reconstruction for extensive clinical use.
  
  
  METHODS
  After resecting the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), it was reconstructed in eight dogs by performing either a tube-insertion technique or end-to-end anastomosis procedure, in both of which a thin-walled silicone tube was used for repair. The patency of the SSS reconstruction was observed on digital subtraction angiography and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography, preoperatively and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Histological and ultrastructural changes were observed using light and electron microscopy. In five dogs the reconstructed SSS was patent, in one it was narrowed, in one it was completely occluded at the proximal site of the anastomosis, and one dog escaped from the laboratory 1 week postoperatively. The authors found no evidence of any additional neurological deficits, signs of toxicity, or side effects. Histological and ultrastructural studies generally showed vascular endothelial proliferation. No thrombosis occurred in the inner surface, at the site of anastomosis, or in the lumen of silicone tube nor in the sagittal sinus at up to 8 weeks postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a thin-walled silicone tube as an artificial substitute for intracranial dural venous sinus reconstruction seems to be a valuable technique. The silicone tubes were found to have good biological compatibility, nonthrombogenic effects, and a high patency rate. The method was found to be simple and effective as well as practicable in the clinic for the short term (8 weeks). The authors emphasize that Phase I clinical trials involving silicone tube-assisted SSS reconstruction require further research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University, General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Jingjian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Tianqiang
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Michael Edgar
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Muhumuza
authors.forename: Wenping
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Shuyuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jingwen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Haixian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002404:Catheterization; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002678:Chimera; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures; D012828:Silicones; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014654:Vascular Patency; D019596:Wolves
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D012828:Silicones