title: Sacral neuromodulation: long-term experience of one center.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a retrospective analysis of the long-term results of our experience with neuromodulation. Our center has been involved in the early studies leading to approval of the NeuroStim system of neuromodulation for the treatment of patients presenting with refractory lower urinary symptoms of urgency/frequency with or without incontinence and chronic urinary retention.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 52 patients have undergone implantation at our center since 1990 using very rigid criteria, including temporary percutaneous nerve evaluation for up to 7 days and a requirement of 50% improvement before consideration for implantation. Patients were followed up closely and a telephone questionnaire was conducted for those patients not seen in the previous 6 months. Of the 52 patients, 11 were not available for evaluation. Of the 41 remaining patients, 22 had urgency/frequency syndrome, 6 had urgency incontinence, 9 had urinary retention, and 4 had interstitial cystitis with intractable pelvic pain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 41 patients, 5 required explantation. These 5 patients were offered reimplantation but declined. Of the 22 patients in the urgency/frequency group, 10 (45%) had persistent improvement. In the urgency incontinence group, 3 of the 6 patients required explantation, and 1 (17%) reported improvement in the frequency of incontinence episodes. Of the 9 patients in the chronic urinary retention group, 7 (78%) had improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long-term (up to 13 years) results of neuromodulation in patients presenting with urgency/frequency with and without urge incontinence and urinary retention were reviewed. The long-term results in the first two groups were not maintained over time. The patients with chronic urinary retention, although a small sample, fared better.
authors.affiliation: Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. mostafa.elhilali@muhc.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Mostafa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Elhilali
authors.forename: Sabri M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Khaled
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kashiwabara
authors.forename: Ehab
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Elzayat
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corcos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D020878:Device Removal; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008160:Lumbosacral Plexus; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000628:therapy*