title: Evolution of insect metamorphosis: a microarray-based study of larval and adult gene expression in the ant Camponotus festinatus.
abstract: Holometabolous insects inhabit almost every terrestrial ecosystem. The evolutionary success of holometabolous insects stems partly from their developmental program, which includes discrete larval and adult stages. To gain an understanding of how development differs among holometabolous insect taxa, we used cDNA microarray technology to examine differences in gene expression between larval and adult Camponotus festinatus ants. We then compared expression patterns obtained from our study to those observed in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. We found that many genes showed distinct patterns of expression between the larval and adult ant life stages, a result that was confirmed through quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Genes involved in protein metabolism and possessing structural activity tended to be more highly expressed in larval than adult ants. In contrast, genes relatively upregulated in adults possessed a greater diversity of functions and activities. We also discovered that patterns of expression observed for homologous genes in D. melanogaster differed substantially from those observed in C. festinatus. Our results suggest that the specific molecular mechanisms involved in metamorphosis will differ substantially between insect taxa. Systematic investigation of gene expression during development of other taxa will provide additional information on how developmental pathways evolve.
authors.affiliation: Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA. michael.goodisman@biology.gatech.edu
authors.forename: Michael A D
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Goodisman
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isoe
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wheeler
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001000:Ants / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D001483:Base Sequence; D005075:Biological Evolution; D019295:Computational Biology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017344:Genes, Insect / Q000235:genetics*; D007814:Larva / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008675:Metamorphosis, Biological / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers