title: Trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides of normal human Vater's ampulla.
abstract: Vater's ampulla is of great clinical relevance with regard to the influx of chyme, ascending inflammation, intubation during diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic maneuvers, therapeutic papillotomy and, especially, the formation of malignancies. Little is known about the distribution of trefoil factor family (TFF) peptides in the ampulla. We have therefore examined TFF peptide distribution in the normal ampulla of Vater and compared it with that in duodenal mucosa and Brunner's glands. Expression and synthesis of TFF peptides in Vater's ampulla and duodenum was investigated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The samples studied originated from 30 autopsy cases with short postmortem intervals. TFF3 was expressed in the ampulla of Vater. mRNA expression of TFF1 was detected in only approximately 25% of the investigated samples. Western blot revealed the production of TFF3 and immunohistochemistry showed that TFF3 was the product of goblet cells. TFF peptide composition of Vater's ampulla varied in comparison with that in the duodenum regarding TFF2 expression. The ampulla of Vater thus has a unique profile of TFF peptide production, supporting the hypothesis that the ampulla is an autonomous organ. The observed differences in the TFF peptide distribution between the duodenum and Vater's ampulla favour the investigation of TFF peptides as prognostic markers in the classification of ampullary carcinomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Grosse Steinstrasse 52, 06097, Halle (Saale), Germany. friedrich.paulsen@medizin.uni-halle.de
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Deike
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Varoga
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paulsen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsokos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014670:Ampulla of Vater / Q000737:chemistry*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002011:Brunner Glands / Q000737:chemistry; D004386:Duodenum / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C051838:TFF1 protein, human; C000604007:TFF2 protein, human; C082495:TFF3 protein, human; D000071163:Trefoil Factor-1; D000071164:Trefoil Factor-2; D000071165:Trefoil Factor-3; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins