title: Histochemical and stereological analysis of the levator ani (pubocaudal) muscle in nulliparous and multiparous beagles.
abstract: Fiber-type composition and several stereological parameters of the levator ani (pubocaudal) muscle were evaluated in five nulliparous and five multiparous beagles using myosin ATPase-histochemistry and systematically selected muscle cross-sections. With respect to the narrow canine pelvic cavity, this study was also undertaken to determine whether vaginal birth of at least seven litters causes similar neuromuscular changes in the canine levator ani (pubocaudal) muscle analoguous to those seen in the pelvic floor muscles of women after vaginal delivery. The canine pubocaudal muscle is comprised of approximately equal amounts of slow twitch type I and fast twitch type II (IIA, IIS) fibers. The muscles of both the nulliparous and multiparous beagles did not display any signs indicative of denervation or myopathology. The multiparous dogs exhibited significantly increased mean absolute muscle (1720 mm(3)) and total fiber-type I volumes (850 mm(3)) as well as relevantly increased mean diameter of type I fibers (72.0 microm) when compared with the nulliparous group. The canine levator ani (pubocaudal) muscle is not pathologically affected by vaginal deliveries and seems to adapt to numerous successive pregnancies and births through fiber-type I hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr 260, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland. augsbhr@vetanat.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Heinz R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Augsburger
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eggenberger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000648:ultrastructure; D010298:Parity; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000294:innervation