title: Simultaneous preoperative brachiocephalic angiography and coronary angiography to prevent coronary-subclavian steal syndrome in coronary surgery candidates.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whether or not preoperative brachiocephalic angiography with left internal mammary artery (LIMA) visualization should be performed at the time of coronary angiography in patients in whom bypass grafting using LIMA is envisaged is still debated. We sought to assess the role of the routine brachiocephalic angiography artery in preventing the coronary-subclavian steal syndrome in patients who are candidates for bypass grafting using LIMA.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records of 110 patients (mean age 69.3 +/- 8.4 years) who underwent concomitant coronary angiography and brachiocephalic arteriography between May 1998 and December 2002 were reviewed. Stenosis >50%, vessel occlusion, and aneurysm were noted as significant findings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant findings were observed in 23/110 patients (20.9%). Five patients with subclavian artery stenosis and upper limb ischemia underwent subclavian artery angioplasty and stenting and bypass surgery using LIMA. During a mean follow-up of 24.7 +/- 10.7 months, only one patient developed a new subclavian artery disease after bypass grafting using LIMA, and underwent subclavian artery angioplasty. Logistic regression analysis revealed 3-vessel CAD (odds ratio (OR) 9.917 ; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2 to 43.8; P = .002), hypercholesterolemy (OR 2.74; CI 95% 1.05 to 7.7; P = .044), and age >65 (OR 3.55; CI 95% 2.2 to 9.2, P = .038) to be predictors of brachiocephalic disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that routine angiography of the brachiocephalic arteries at the time of coronary angiography is effective in preventing coronary-subclavian steal syndrome in select patients who are candidates for bypass grafting using LIMA.
authors.affiliation: ECVTR, Legnago, Italy. jackyheart@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rigatelli
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rigatelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty; D001132:Arm / Q000098:blood supply; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016122:Brachiocephalic Trunk / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008499:Medical Records; D009204:Myocardial Revascularization; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015607:Stents; D013349:Subclavian Steal Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors