title: An open-label trial of risperidone in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of risperidone as a treatment of pediatric bipolar disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an 8-week, open-label, prospective study of risperidone monotherapy (1.25 +/- 1.5 mg/d) for 30 bipolar youths (manic, mixed, or hypomanic; 6-17 years of age).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two of the 30 youths (73%) completed the study. Using predefined criteria for improvement (a Clinical Global Impressions Improvement in Mania score of < or =2 at endpoint), the response rate for manic symptoms was 70%. The significant reduction in symptoms of mania resulted in a mean Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score 13.5 at endpoint, indicating mild residual symptoms. Weight increased significantly from baseline (2.1 +/- 2.0 kg; p < 0.001) and there was a four-fold increase in prolactin levels from baseline (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Open-label risperidone treatment was associated with a significant shortterm improvement of symptoms of pediatric bipolar disorder. Future placebo-controlled, double-blind studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results.
authors.affiliation: Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. jbiederman@partners.org
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mick
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aleardi
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Stephen V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Faraone
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018967:Risperidone