title: Slow inactivation in voltage gated potassium channels is insensitive to the binding of pore occluding peptide toxins.
abstract: Voltage gated potassium channels open and inactivate in response to changes of the voltage across the membrane. After removal of the fast N-type inactivation, voltage gated Shaker K-channels (Shaker-IR) are still able to inactivate through a poorly understood closure of the ion conduction pore. This, usually slower, inactivation shares with binding of pore occluding peptide toxin two important features: i), both are sensitive to the occupancy of the pore by permeant ions or tetraethylammonium, and ii), both are critically affected by point mutations in the external vestibule. Thus, mutual interference between these two processes is expected. To explore the extent of the conformational change involved in Shaker slow inactivation, we estimated the energetic impact of such interference. We used kappa-conotoxin-PVIIA (kappa-PVIIA) and charybdotoxin (CTX) peptides that occlude the pore of Shaker K-channels with a simple 1:1 stoichiometry and with kinetics 100-fold faster than that of slow inactivation. Because inactivation appears functionally different between outside-out patches and whole oocytes, we also compared the toxin effect on inactivation with these two techniques. Surprisingly, the rate of macroscopic inactivation and the rate of recovery, regardless of the technique used, were toxin insensitive. We also found that the fraction of inactivated channels at equilibrium remained unchanged at saturating kappa-PVIIA. This lack of interference with toxin suggests that during slow inactivation the toxin receptor site remains unaffected, placing a strong geometry-conservative constraint on the possible structural configurations of a slow inactivated K-channel. Such a constraint could be fulfilled by a concerted rotation of the external vestibule.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Neurociencias de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile.
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Oliva
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Naranjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018999:Charybdotoxin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009865:Oocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016062:Porosity / Q000187:drug effects; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D011485:Protein Binding; D051637:Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D020916:Conotoxins; D010455:Peptides; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D051637:Shaker Superfamily of Potassium Channels; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D018999:Charybdotoxin