title: Histologic survey of neuroblastomas after intensive induction chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Histology after intensive induction chemotherapy is expected to become a beacon indicating when and how extensively radical surgery and lymph node dissection should be performed in advanced neuroblastoma. A thorough histologic review of surgical specimens was undertaken.
  
  
  METHODS
  All specimens from 34 patients who were pretreated intensively (> or =3 cycles) with recent chemotherapy were reviewed. Thirty patients were >12 months of age with stage 3/4 disease, and 4 were <12 months of age but with MYCN-amplified stage 4 diseases. After 3 to 7 cycles (mean, 4.3 cycles) of induction chemotherapy, patients underwent radical surgery of the primary tumor and lymph nodes in all retroperitoneal sections. A single pathologist reviewed all of the specimens, and histologic chemotherapeutic effects were graded as: (+++), <1% viable tumor; (++), 1%-10% viable tumor; (+), 11%-50% viable tumor; (+/-), 51%-90% viable tumor; and (-), >91% viable tumor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grade (+++) effects were observed in 56% of patients treated with the new regimens, whereas grade (+++) was seen in only 20% treated with regimens before 1991. Operation time and blood loss were 7 hr and 6 min (P = 0.087) and 646 ml (P = 0.064), respectively, in patients with >5 cycles (mean, 5.3 cycles) of chemotherapy, while they were 7 hr and 50 min and 1,168 ml, respectively, in those with approximately 3 cycles (mean, 3.2 cycles). Histologically, metastases were found in the contralateral nodes beyond the aorta in 92% of those whose tumor originated on the left, and in 80% of those with tumors occurring on the right.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Five cycles of induction chemotherapy did not improve histologic chemotherapeutic effects, but helped to facilitate a shorter operation time and less blood loss than 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Surgery after 5 cycles of (98)A(3) also appears to be easier to perform than that after 3 cycles of A(1)/new A(1). Only 14% of the children treated before 1985 with the St. Jude protocols experienced grade (+++) chemotherapeutic effects, and 22% of the patients treated before 1991 with regimen A(1), or new A(1) of the Study Group of Japan showed grade (+++) effects, whereas 56% of the patients treated after 1991 with either regimen A(3) or (98)A(3) exhibited grade (+++) chemotherapeutic effects. Histologic chemotherapeutic effects were roughly parallel with a good prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Gunma Children's Medical Center, Gunma, Japan. tsuchida@gcmc.pref.gunma.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchida
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toshiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shitara
mesh_terms: D000008:Abdominal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery