title: Post-irradiation hypoxic incubation of X-irradiated MOLT-4 cells reduces apoptotic cell death by changing the intracellular redox state and modulating SAPK/JNK pathways.
abstract: To elucidate radiobiological effects of hypoxia on X-ray-induced apoptosis, MOLT-4 cells were treated under four set of conditions: (1) both X irradiation and incubation under normoxia, (2) X irradiation under hypoxia and subsequent incubation under normoxia, (3) X irradiation under normoxia and subsequent incubation under hypoxia, and (4) both X irradiation and incubation under hypoxia, and the induction of apoptosis was examined by fluorescence microscopy. About 28-33% apoptosis was observed in cells treated under conditions 1 and 2, but this value was significantly reduced to around 18-20% in cells treated under conditions 3 and 4, suggesting that post-irradiation hypoxic incubation rather than hypoxic irradiation mainly caused the reduction of apoptosis. The activation and expression of apoptosis signal-related molecules SAPK/JNK, Fas and caspase-3 were also suppressed by hypoxic incubation. Effects of hypoxic incubation were canceled when cells were treated under conditions 3 and 4 with an oxygen-mimicking hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, whereas the addition of N-acetyl-L-cysteine again reduced the induction of apoptosis. From these results it was concluded that hypoxia reduced the induction of apoptosis by changing the intracellular redox state, followed by the regulation of apoptotic signals in X-irradiated MOLT-4 cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hamasu
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Inanami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsujitani
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kashiwakura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuwabara
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007938:Leukemia; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D019014:fas Receptor; C106738:doranidazole; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine