title: Glutamatergic reinnervation through peripheral nerve graft dictates assembly of glutamatergic synapses at rat skeletal muscle.
abstract: Acetylcholine is the main neurotransmitter at the mammalian neuromuscular junction (NMJ) where nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the signaling between nerve terminals and muscle fibers. We show that under glutamatergic transmission, rat NMJ switches from cholinergic type synapse to glutamatergic synapse. Connecting skeletal muscle to the lateral white matter of the spinal cord by grafting the distal stump of the transected motor nerve produced functional muscle reinnervation. The restored neuromuscular activity became resistant to common curare blockers but sensitive to the glutamate alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor antagonist. Analysis of the regenerated nerve disclosed new glutamatergic axons and the disappearance of cholinergic fibers. Many axons belonged to the supraspinal neurons located in the red nucleus and the brainstem nuclei. Finally, the innervated muscle displayed high expression and clustering of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunits glutamate receptors 1 and 2. Our data suggest that supraspinal neurons can target skeletal muscle, which retains the plasticity to generate functional glutamatergic NMJ.
authors.affiliation: Foundation for Experimental Spinal Cord Research, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brunelli
authors.forename: Pierfranco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Spano
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barlati
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guarneri
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barbon
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bresciani
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pizzi
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004594:Electrophysiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism*; D019737:Transplants; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C061950:GYKI 52466; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D014673:Vecuronium Bromide