title: Herbal and homeopathic medication use in pediatric surgical patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients who present for surgery may be using herbal or homeopathic preparations; adverse effects of some of these substances include bleeding, cardiovascular changes, and liver dysfunction. Little information is available on the frequency of use in the pediatric surgical population.
  
  
  METHODS
  With institutional approval, a survey was conducted to assess the use of vitamins, nutritional supplements, or herbal or homeopathic preparations in children presenting for surgery in five geographically diverse centers in the USA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 894 completed surveys showed that overall, 3.5% of pediatric surgical patients had been given herbal or homeopathic medications in the 2 weeks prior to surgery. Most substances were prescribed by parents. The use of these medications did not differ between children with coexisting diseases and those without; use was also not different among ethnic groups or by residence setting (city, suburban, rural). There was a significant difference between the west coast centers in the study compared with the rest of the country (7.5% of patients in Palo Alto, CA; 5.5% of patients in Seattle, WA; 1.5% of patients in Chicago, IL; and 1.9% in Virginia and Delaware used herbal or homeopathic remedies). The most prevalent substance given to children presenting for elective surgery was Echinacea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Herbal and homeopathic medications are used by a small percentage of pediatric patients presenting for elective pediatric surgery patients. Use of these substances should be addressed in the preoperative history.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center, University of Washington, USA. lucyeverett@comcast.net
authors.forename: Lucinda L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: Patrick K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Birmingham
authors.forename: Glyn D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: B Randall
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Brenn
authors.forename: Jay H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Shapiro
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000758:Anesthesia; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003625:Data Collection; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D005260:Female; D006705:Homeopathy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology