title: Effective nasal influenza vaccine delivery using chitosan.
abstract: Nasal influenza vaccination may prove to be a good alternative to parenteral injection because of the enhancement of the mucosal immune response and the ease of vaccine administration. This study investigated the use of chitosan, a bioadhesive polymer, as a nasal delivery system with inactivated, subunit influenza vaccine. Subjects received nasally 15 or 7.5 microg of the standard inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine with chitosan or 15 microg of the same vaccine intramuscularly. Serum haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres for all three vaccine components were measured prior to, and at time points up to 14 weeks after dosing. Serum HI titres following intranasal vaccination with the nasal chitosan-influenza vaccine met the criteria set by the Committee for Proprietary Medicinal Products in terms of seroprotection rate, seroconversion rate and mean fold increase of HI titre for at least one of the three antigens in the vaccination schedules used. These data show that nasal immunisation with chitosan plus trivalent inactivated influenza is a potentially effective, easily-administered form of vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Infection and Immunity, Division of Genomic Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK. r.c.read@shef.ac.uk
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Simone C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Naylor
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Potter
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Inderjit
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jabbal-Gill
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Lisbeth
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Illum
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jennings
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002686:Chitin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D048271:Chitosan; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006385:Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014611:Vaccination; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D002686:Chitin; D048271:Chitosan