title: Prevention of severe contractures might replace multilevel surgery in cerebral palsy: results of a population-based health care programme and new techniques to reduce spasticity.
abstract: During the 1990s three new techniques to reduce spasticity and dystonia in children with cerebral palsy (CP) were introduced in southern Sweden: selective dorsal rhizotomy, continuous intrathecal baclofen infusion and botulinum toxin treatment. In 1994 a CP register and a health care programme, aimed to prevent hip dislocation and severe contractures, were initiated in the area. The total population of children with CP born 1990-1991, 1992-1993 and 1994-1995 was evaluated and compared at 8 years of age. In non-ambulant children the passive range of motion in hip, knee and ankle improved significantly from the first to the later age groups. Ambulant children had similar range of motion in the three age groups, with almost no severe contractures. The proportion of children treated with orthopaedic surgery for contracture or skeletal torsion deformity decreased from 40 to 15% (P = 0.0019). One-fifth of the children with spastic diplegia had been treated with selective dorsal rhizotomy. One-third of the children born 1994-1995 had been treated with botulinum toxin before 8 years of age. With early treatment of spasticity, early non-operative treatment of contracture and prevention of hip dislocation, the need for orthopaedic surgery for contracture or torsion deformity is reduced, and the need for multilevel procedures seems to be eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Gunnar.Hagglund@ort.lu.se
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hägglund
authors.forename: Sofia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Düppe
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lauge-Pedersen
authors.forename: Henrik Lauge
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Pedertsen
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nordmark
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Westbom
mesh_terms: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001418:Baclofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003286:Contracture / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006617:Hip Dislocation / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000503:physiopathology; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000628:therapy*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D012042:Registries; D019051:Rhizotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018726:Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D001418:Baclofen