title: Salivary cortisol: a predictor of convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between salivary cortisol and frequency of past driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) convictions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 104 males with previous DUI convictions (from one to eight) and mean age of 44.7 years were assessed on measures characterizing repeat DUI offenders, including sociodemographic information, alcohol use behaviours, biological indices of the organic consequences of chronic abuse, negative consequences of excessive drinking, past DUI conviction history, impulse control, and antisocial behaviour tendencies. Saliva samples were taken approximately every 30 min over a 6 h period during an exhaustive multidimensional assessment protocol, and were then assayed to obtain cortisol responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blunted cortisol response, typically observed in alcoholics and in high-risk non-alcoholics, was associated with increased number of past DUI convictions. This association was particularly pronounced in multiple DUI offenders, and was stronger than, and independent of, other measures of alcohol use severity and chronicity commonly used for DUI assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortisol response may be useful in understanding the mediators underlying repeat DUI offending and the frequent failure of intervention efforts in curbing DUI behaviour.
authors.affiliation: Thomas G. Brown, Douglas Hospital Research Center, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, Perry 4, Verdun, Quebec, Canada. thomas.brown@mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gianoulakis
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nadeau
authors.forename: Maurice
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dongier
authors.forename: N M K
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Ng Ying Kin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seraganian
authors.forename: Marie Claude
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Ouimet
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D001944:Breath Tests; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012008:Recurrence; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone