title: Acute mastoiditis and osteomyelitis of the temporal bone.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute mastoiditis becomes clinically significant when infection spreads through the periosteum and induces periosteitis. This study describes an atypical complication of acute mastoiditis: osteomyelitis of the temporal bone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study sample included all patients admitted for acute mastoiditis between September 2001 and December 2003 who had symptoms, signs and imaging findings of osteomyelitis of the temporal bone beyond the mastoid area. The files were reviewed for diagnosis, work-up, radiographic findings and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group included 6 of the 120 patients treated for acute mastoiditis. In four children (66%), the diagnoses of acute otitis media and acute mastoiditis were made simultaneously at admission. Ear cultures yielded coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in three patients, Bacteroides in two, multiple organisms in two, S. pneumoniae in one, and no growth in two. Complications were suspected if there was a lack of improvement in symptoms and signs, or in cases of skin involvement over the temporal bone beyond the area of the mastoid in accordance with imaging findings. Computerized tomography demonstrated temporal bone absorption beyond the mastoid area (squama and/or petrous bones) in all children, suspected sinus vein thrombosis in two, and suspected epidural abscess in one. All children were treated with at least cortical mastoidectomy and insertion of ventilation tubes. Revision mastoidectomy was performed in three children in whom no improvement was noted and imaging suggested other complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study describes an unusual complication of acute mastoiditis-osteomyelitis of the temporal bone beyond the mastoid framework. The disorder is characterized by a failure to respond both locally and systemically to accepted medical and surgical therapy, persistent fever and high levels of inflammatory markers, and computerized tomography findings of temporal bone destruction. Treatment includes broad-spectrum antibiotics and at least cortical mastoidectomy. Prognosis is good.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.
authors.forename: Mickey
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dudkiewicz
authors.forename: Gilat
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Livni
authors.forename: Liora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kornreich
authors.forename: Benny
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nageris
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ulanovski
authors.forename: Eyal
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raveh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D008417:Mastoiditis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D010019:Osteomyelitis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D013701:Temporal Bone; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents