title: Improved graft survival in ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We reviewed ABO-incompatible living donor kidney transplantations (LDKT) performed in our institute.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen ABO-incompatible LDKT were carried out in the first era (September 1990-August 1996) and 13 were in the second era (October 2001-July 2004). All patients were treated with sessions of plasmapheresis before transplantation to reduce antibody titers <1:8. In the second era, those with rebound increase of antibody titers >1:64 after repeated plasmapheresis were not subjected to transplantation. Posttransplantation immunosuppression consisted of cyclosporin, predonisone, azathioprine, gusperimus hydrochloride (DSG), and antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) in the first era, and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, predonisone, and DSG in the second era. Splenectomy was performed during the transplantation. Anticoagulant therapy was introduced in the second era.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One-, 2-, and 5-year graft survival in the first era was 57%, 57%, and 50%, respectively, values that were significantly lower than those of ABO-compatible cases in the same period (n = 101), namely, 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival rates 93%, 83%, and 76%, respectively. The main reason for graft and patient losses was infectious complications. In the second era, no recipient suffered a severe infectious complication and 1- and 2-year graft survival rates were both 100%. Four patients in the first era and 1 in the second era experienced a graft rejection episode between 10 days and 14 months after transplantation, but they were successfully treated with steroid pulse therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although patients with high blood group antibody titers remain problematic, ABO-incompatible LDKT is an increasingly viable option for patients whose only donor is blood group-incompatible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Regenerative Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. skaihara@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaihara
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akioka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kadotani
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nobori
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology*; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D019520:Living Donors; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D011300:Preoperative Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013156:Splenectomy
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents