title: Iron and zinc fortification of corn tortilla made either at the household or at industrial scale.
abstract: Fe and Zn deficiencies among the Mexican population are widespread, and one-third of children and women of childbearing age are anemic. Since diets that are Fe-deficient are most probably also Zn-deficient, a proprietary process was developed to fortify corn tortilla with these trace elements at the first stage of treatment with lime. Phytic acid (PA), Ca, Fe, and Zn content were determined, as well as the molar ratios of phytate/Fe, phytate/Zn, and Ca x phytate to Zn in traditional and fortified tortillas; the Student's t-test was used to detect differences between the treatments (p < 0.001). Contents of Fe and Zn in the fortified tortilla relative to the traditional tortilla were 1.9 and 3.4 times greater than the latter, whereas PA contents showed the opposite result, i.e. traditional tortillas had 1.65 times more PA than the fortified tortilla. Consequently the calculated molar ratios were statistically more favorable for fortified than for traditional tortillas (p < 0.001). The process developed allows making iron- and zinc-fortified tortillas by lime-treating or nixtamalizing corn either at the household, at small-scale tortilla shops, or at industrial scale by using lime fortified with both trace elements. The cost of this fortification is negligible.
authors.affiliation: Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Miguel Othón de Mendizabal 485, 07738 México DF, México. lrtovar@avantel.net
authors.forename: Luis Raul
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Tovar
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larios-Saldaña
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D008800:Mexico; D010087:Oxides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D010833:Phytic Acid / Q000032:analysis; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry; D015032:Zinc / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D010087:Oxides; D010833:Phytic Acid; C016538:lime; D007501:Iron; D015032:Zinc; D002118:Calcium