title: Increasing smoking cessation care in a preoperative clinic: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Evidence suggests that preoperative clinics, like other hospital outpatient clinics and inpatient wards, fail to systematically provide smoking cessation care to patients having planned surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy, acceptability, and cost of a multifaceted intervention to facilitate the provision of comprehensive smoking cessation care to patients attending a preoperative clinic. Two hundred ten smoking patients attending a preoperative clinic at a major teaching hospital in Australia took part in the study. One hundred twenty-four patients were randomly assigned to an experimental group and 86 patients to a usual cessation care group. A multifaceted intervention was developed that included the use of opinion leaders, consensus processes, computer-delivered cessation care, computer-generated prompts for care provision by clinic staff, staff training, and performance feedback.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-six percent of experimental group patients received behavioral counseling and tailored self-help material. Experimental group patients were significantly more likely than usual care patients to report receiving brief advice by nursing (79% vs. 47%; P < 0.01) and anaesthetic (60% vs. 39%; P < 0.01) staff. Experimental group patients who were nicotine dependent were also more likely to be offered preoperative nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (82% vs. 8%; P < 0.01) and be prescribed postoperative NRT (86% vs. 0%; P < 0.01). The multifaceted intervention was found to be acceptable by staff.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A multifaceted clinical practice change intervention may be effective in improving the delivery of smoking cessation care to preoperative surgical patients.
authors.affiliation: Hunter Population Health, Hunter Area Health Service, New South Wales, Australia. luke.wolfenden@hunter.health.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wolfenden
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wiggers
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Knight
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spigelman
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kerridge
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D037001:Directive Counseling / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009517:New South Wales; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016896:Treatment Outcome