title: Pharmacokinetics and milk penetration of moxifloxacin after intravenous and subcutaneous administration to lactating goats.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin was studied following intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous (SC) administration of 5 mg/kg to healthy lactating goats (n = 6). Moxifloxacin concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorescence detection. The moxifloxacin plasma concentration versus time data after IV administration could best be described by a two compartment open model. The disposition of SC administered moxifloxacin was best described by a one-compartment model. The plasma moxifloxacin clearance (Cl) for the IV route was 0.43 +/- 0.02 L/kg (mean +/- SE). The steady-state volume of distribution (Vss) was 0.79 +/- 0.08 L/kg. The terminal half-life (t1/2lambdaz) was 1.94 +/- 0.41 and 2.98 +/- 0.48 h after IV and SC administration, respectively. The absolute bioavailability was 96.87 +/- 10.27% after SC administration. Moxifloxacin penetration from blood to milk was quick for both routes of administration and the high AUCmilk/AUCplasma and Cmax-milk/Cmax-plasma ratios reached indicated a wide penetration of moxifloxacin into the milk. From these data, it appears that a 5 mg/kg SC dose of moxifloxacin would be effective in lactating goats against bacterial isolates with MIC < or = 0.20 microg/mL in plasma and MIC < or = 0.40 microg/mL in milk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30.071-Murcia, Spain. emiliofv@um.es
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fernández-Varón
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Villamayor
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Espuny
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cárceles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D006041:Goats / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D007774:Lactation; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D011804:Quinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D000077266:Moxifloxacin