title: IL-1 alpha stimulates the formation of osteoclast-like cells by increasing M-CSF and PGE2 production and decreasing OPG production by osteoblasts.
abstract: Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) is one of the most potent bone-resorbing factors involved in the bone loss that is associated with inflammation. We examined the effect of the inflammatory mediator IL-1alpha on the expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rat osteoblasts, and the indirect effect of IL-1alpha on the formation of osteoclast-like cells. Osteoblasts were cultured in alpha-minimum essential medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum with or without 100 units/ml of IL-1alpha for up to 14 days. The gene and protein expression of M-CSF and OPG were estimated by determining mRNA levels using the real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein levels using Western blot analysis. PGE2 expression was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The formation of osteoclast-like cells was estimated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of osteoclast precursors in culture with conditioned medium from IL-1alpha-treated osteoblasts and the soluble receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). M-CSF and PGE2 expression in osteoblasts increased markedly in cells cultured with IL-1alpha, whereas OPG expression decreased. The conditioned medium containing M-CSF and PGE2 produced by IL-1alpha-treated osteoblasts and soluble RANKL increased the TRAP staining of osteoclast precursors. These results suggest that IL-1alpha stimulated the formation of osteoclast-like cells via an increase in M-CSF and PGE2 production, and a decrease in OPG production by osteoblasts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 1-8-13 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan.
authors.forename: Natsuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeno
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Kyosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujisaki
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Bunnai
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ogiso
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D051381:Rats; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C506032:Tnfrsf11b protein, rat; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015232:Dinoprostone