title: Thymidine phosphorylase expression in tumour cells and tumour response to capecitabine plus docetaxel chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is the key enzyme for capecitabine activation in tumour cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether TP expression in tumour cells and stroma is predictive of the tumour response to capecitabine plus docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumour samples were available from 30 of 39 patients enrolled in a previous phase II study of capecitabine/docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. Stromal and tumour cell TP expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody PD-ECGF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High tumour cell TP expression was found in 13 of 30 cases and was negatively associated with stromal TP expression (p = 0.000). High stromal TP expression was found in 16 of 28 cases and was strongly associated with intense macrophage infiltration (p = 0.002), suggesting that macrophages are the major component of TP expression in the stroma. Tumour response to capecitabine/docetaxel was significantly associated with high tumour cell TP expression (p = 0.004) and low stromal TP expression (p = 0.009). Moreover, high tumour cell TP expression was significantly associated with severe hand-foot syndrome, a toxic side effect of capecitabine (p = 0.01). Improved survival was seen for high tumour cell and low stromal TP expression, although results were not significant (p = 0.6 and 0.3, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In advanced NSCLC, TP expression in tumour cells and stroma is associated with tumour response to capecitabine/docetaxel chemotherapy, and might be a useful predictor of tumour response to capecitabine based chemotherapy. A large scale prospective study is needed to confirm the prognostic significance of TP expression in NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Centre, 809 Madu1-dong, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 411-769, Korea.
authors.forename: J-Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077143:Docetaxel; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D043823:Taxoids; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000077143:Docetaxel; D000069287:Capecitabine; D013939:Thymidine Phosphorylase; D005472:Fluorouracil