title: Neoplastic meningitis-related encephalopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A retrospective comparison evaluating survival in two well-matched cohorts of patients with cytologically positive neoplastic meningitis (NM) presenting with or without encephalopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cohorts were studied: 20 with and 20 without of NM-related encephalopathy defined as a confusional syndrome. Cohorts were matched with respect to age, primary tumor, performance status, absence of CSF compartmentalization and absence of neuroradiographic bulky CNS disease. Primary tumor histology included the following: breast(10 patients); non-small cell lung cancer (8); non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (8); colorectal cancer (6); melanoma (4); small cell lung cancer (2); prostate cancer (2). NM at presentation revealed: encephalopathy (20 patients); spinal cord dysfunction (18); and cranial neuropathy (15). Radiotherapy was administered to 31 patients (whole brain only in 17 patients; restricted spine only in 8 patients; whole brain and restricted spine in 6 patients). All patients received intraventricular chemotherapy and 16 patients received concurrent tumor-specific systemic chemotherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median survival was 2.5 months (range 1.5-5 months) in the cohort with NM-related encephalopathy compared to 6 months (range: 2-10 months) in the cohort without NM-related encephalopathy (p < 0.001). No treatment-related deaths were observed. All patients demonstrated progressive disease and died of either NM or systemic cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NM-related encephalopathy is a clinical variable that predicts for poor survival in patients with NM. As a consequence, patients with NM-related encephalopathy may be best served by offering supportive care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Norris Comprehensive Cancer and Hospital, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033-0804, USA. chamberl@usc.edu
authors.forename: Marc C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: Denice
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsao-Wei
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groshen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000556:secondary* / Q000628:therapy; D003221:Confusion / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D008581:Meningitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D008875:Middle Aged; D020361:Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis