title: Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in patients on long-term hemodialysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients on hemodialysis at Shifa International Hospital and determine the association of various risk factors in the acquisition of hepatitis C infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analytical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Shifa International Hospital from January 2002 to June 2003. patients and
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients on long-term hemodialysis in Nephrology Unit of Shifa International Hospital were studied. Their medical records were reviewed for the presence of anti-HCV in all patients. Any risk factors were noted from the patient's records and from the history of those patients who were regularly attending the dialysis unit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 97 patients on hemodialysis were included. Out of these, 23 (23.7%) were found to be anti-HCV positive. The mean age of HCV positive patients was 55.2+/-15.5 years while for the anti-HCV negative patients it was 54.9+/-15.1 years. There were 18 (78.3%) males in the HCV positive group while 46 (62.2%) males in the HCV negative group. The mean duration of dialysis among HCV positive patients was 2.9+/-2.7 years while the mean duration of dialysis in HCV negative patients was 1.51+/-0.86 years (p-value 0.000). Anti-HCV positive group had significantly greater proportion of patients with a history of dialysis more than 2 years (43.5% vs 9.5%), adjusted odds ratio being 0.45 (95% CI 0.27-0.75). No significant difference in other risk factors between the two groups was found. When years of dialysis were treated as categorical variable, significant difference between the anti-HCV positive and negative groups was found. The risk of getting HCV was found to be significantly associated with increasing years of dialysis, (adjusted p-value 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients on hemodialysis in our unit had 23.7% positivity of anti-HCV and history of dialysis over more than 2 years was noted to be a significant risk factor for acquisition of infection in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine/Community Medicine, Shifa International Hospital and Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan. drnkhokhar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nasir
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khokhar
authors.forename: Ali Yawar
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Farah
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Naz
authors.forename: Syed Nayer
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Mahmud
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000821:virology; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies