title: 17beta-oestradiol up-regulates longevity-related, antioxidant enzyme expression via the ERK1 and ERK2[MAPK]/NFkappaB cascade.
abstract: Females live longer than males. Oestrogens protect females against aging by up-regulating the expression of antioxidant, longevity-related genes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). The mechanism through which oestrogens up-regulate those enzymes remains unidentified, but may have implications for gender differences in lifespan. We show that physiological concentrations of oestradiol act through oestrogen receptors to reduce peroxide levels in MCF-7 cells (a mammary gland tumour cell line). Oestradiol increases MAP kinase (MAPK) activation as indicated by ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation in MCF-7 cells, which in turn activates the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) signalling pathways as indicated by an increase in the p50 subunit of NFkappaB in nuclear extracts. Blockade of MAPK and NFkappaB signalling reduces the antioxidant effect of oestradiol. Finally, we show that activation of MAPK and NFkappaB by oestrogens drives the expression of the antioxidant enzymes Mn-SOD and GPx. We conclude that oestradiol sequentially activates MAPK and NFkappaB following receptor activation to up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes, providing a cogent explanation for the antioxidant properties of oestrogen and its effects on longevity-related genes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: Consuelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Borrás
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gambini
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gómez-Cabrera
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sastre
authors.forename: Federico V
authors.initials: FV
authors.lastname: Pallardó
authors.forename: Giovanni E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Viña
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D008136:Longevity / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D013629:Tamoxifen; D004958:Estradiol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases