title: Frequency, severity, and morbidity of hypoglycemia occurring in the workplace in people with insulin-treated diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoglycemia was examined in regularly employed people with insulin-treated diabetes to ascertain the frequency and consequences of this problem in the workplace.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective 12-month survey of 243 employed people (age range 20-69 years) with insulin-treated diabetes was performed to record the frequency, severity, and morbidity of hypoglycemia occurring at work. Details of hypoglycemic episodes included time of day, place, activity, causation, blood glucose, treatment, and morbidity. Serial HbA(1c) measurements were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1,955 mild (self-treated) episodes of hypoglycemia (8 per person per annum) and 238 severe (requiring external help) episodes (0.98 per person per annum) were recorded. Of the severe hypoglycemic episodes, 148 (62%) occurred at home, 35 (15%) occurred at work in 27 (11%) people (0.14 episodes per person per annum), and 54 (23%) occurred elsewhere; 52% of severe episodes occurred during sleep. Of the severe hypoglycemic episodes reported, adverse events were described in 54 (23%), with 29 losing consciousness (14%), 21 having a seizure (9%), 4 (2%) sustaining a head injury, 5 (2%) suffering another injury, 3 (1%) injuring someone else, and 2 (1%) damaging property. Severe hypoglycemia in the workplace was associated with six episodes of minor soft-tissue injuries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this cohort, severe hypoglycemia in the workplace was uncommon and seldom caused disruption or serious morbidity. On the basis of the frequency and severity of hypoglycemia observed in the present study, restriction of employment opportunities for most people with insulin-treated diabetes may be difficult to justify.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K. alastairleckie@ohsas.scot.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Alastair M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Leckie
authors.forename: Mairi K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Joan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Ritchie
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Frier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004651:Employment; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007328:Insulin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin