title: Chemical characterization of pitch deposits produced in the manufacturing of high-quality paper pulps from hemp fibers.
abstract: The composition of pitch deposits occurring in pulp sheets and mill circuits during soda/anthraquinone pulping and elemental chlorine-free pulp bleaching of bast fibers of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) was studied. Pitch deposits were extracted with acetone, and the extracts analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Acetone extracts (15-25% of pitch deposits) were constituted by the defoamers used at the mill and by lipophilic extractives from hemp fibers. Acetone-insoluble residues (75-85% of pitch deposits) were analyzed by pyrolysis-GC/MS in the presence and absence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide. These residues were constituted by salts of fatty acids (arising from hemp fibers) with calcium, magnesium, aluminum and other cations that were identified in the deposits. It was concluded that inappropriate use of defoamer together with the presence of multivalent ions seemed to be among the causes of hemp extractives deposition in the pitch problems reported here.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, Seville, Spain. anagu@irnase.csic.es
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez
authors.forename: José C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: del Río
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000934:Antifoaming Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000379:methods*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000737:chemistry*; D002412:Cations / Q000737:chemistry; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D010209:Paper; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000934:Antifoaming Agents; D002412:Cations; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012116:Resins, Plant; D000096:Acetone; C013893:rosin; C027917:tetramethylammonium