title: Dual-opposite injection capillary electrophoresis for the determination of anionic and cationic homologous surfactants in a single run.
abstract: An electrophoretic method for the simultaneous separation and determination of cationic and anionic surfactants based on double electrokinetic injection from the two ends of the capillary is proposed here. Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) with methanol as solvent was used to reduce the electroosmotic flow so that under these conditions the analytes migrate toward the corresponding electrode. The optimization step was the key to solve the problems associated with surfactants analysis (namely, adsorption on the capillary wall, micelle formation, and those issues related to the separation of homologous compounds). Good results were obtained with the proposed method both for the analysis of both spiked and natural samples, thus demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method for routine analysis. Finally, a comparison between the proposed method and two methods for independent analysis of cationic and anionic surfactants was made. The results showed that the precision (between 1.90 and 4.10% for repeatability and 7.43 and 8.98% for within-laboratory reproducibility, both expressed as relative standard deviation) and sensitivity (limits of detection and quantification between 0.52 and 1.88 microg/mL and between 1.73 and 6.20 microg/mL, respectively) are not affected by the CE mode. The resolution was similar to or better than that of the comparison methods and the analysis time was considerably shortened as both types of compounds were determined in a single run in only 9 min.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, Córdoba University, Córdoba, Spain. q72prcaf@uco.es
authors.forename: Feliciano
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Priego-Capote
authors.forename: Maria D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Luque de Castro
mesh_terms: D000838:Anions / Q000032:analysis; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002021:Buffers; D002138:Calibration; D002412:Cations / Q000032:analysis; D019075:Electrophoresis, Capillary / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D001548:Benzalkonium Compounds; D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D002021:Buffers; D002412:Cations; D013501:Surface-Active Agents