title: Cellular uptake of avian leukosis virus subgroup B is mediated by clathrin.
abstract: Avian leukosis virus (ALV) requires endocytosis and a low pH step for successful viral entry. Here we report that transient treatment with lysosomotropic agents was not sufficient to block ALV subgroup B (ALV-B) entry, while it completely inhibited uptake of the pH-dependent Semliki Forest virus. Extended incubations with lysosomotropic agents were required to block ALV-B entry, suggesting that ALV particles are stable in endosomal compartments. We analyzed endocytic pathways involved in the uptake of ALV-B into target cells. The ALV-B receptor TVB(S3) was not associated with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) in the presence or absence of ALV-B particles. This result suggested that DRM-associated endocytic pathways were not required for ALV-B entry. Using several approaches, we found that clathrin mediates endocytosis of ALV-B particles into target cells. By means of confocal microscopy, we established that the ALV-B receptor TVB(S3) colocalized with clathrin in TVB(S3)-expressing quail QT-6 cells. In addition, chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-mediated endocytosis, blocked uptake of soluble ALV-B Env into chicken embryo fibroblasts. To examine ALV-B uptake into clathrin-negative cells, we used a chicken DT40 B cell line containing a tetracycline-regulatable clathrin gene. Clathrin depletion significantly reduced ALV-B entry into the chicken DT40 cell line. Taken together, our results suggest that clathrin is involved in uptake of ALV-B particles into target cells.
authors.affiliation: Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10003, USA.
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Diaz-Griffero
authors.forename: Antony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brojatsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002966:Clathrin / Q000502:physiology*; D004705:Endocytosis; D011992:Endosomes / Q000821:virology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000821:virology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
chemical_list: D002966:Clathrin