title: Analysis of cytokine levels in cerebrospinal fluid in mumps meningitis: comparison with echovirus type 30 meningitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear whether or not the CSF cytokine profiles in viral meningitis differ with the kind of causative virus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the concentrations of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in CSF during the acute stage in 15 children with mumps meningitis (MM), and 34 with echovirus type 30 meningitis (EM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The CSF IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were elevated in MM, and the CSF IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-6 levels were elevated in EM. The CSF IFN-gamma, IL-2, and IL-10 levels in MM were significantly higher than those in EM (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, and p<0.0001, respectively). The CSF IL-6 levels in EM were significantly higher than those in MM (p=0.0255). The CSF TNF-alpha and IL-4 levels were not elevated in MM or EM. In MM, the IL-6 level was correlated with the IL-2 and IL-10 levels in CSF (p=0.0347 and p=0.0120, respectively). In EM, the IFN-gamma level was correlated with the IL-10 level in CSF (p=0.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CSF cytokine profiles in MM were different from those in EM. Therefore, it is likely that the pathogenesis of MM is different from that of EM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan. ichiyama@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichiyama
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maeba
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suenaga
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Tomoyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Furukawa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000502:physiology*; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008587:Meningitis, Viral / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000821:virology*; D009107:Mumps / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000821:virology; D009109:Mumps virus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines