title: Biochemical screening of stable dinucleosomes using DNA fragments from a dinucleosome DNA library.
abstract: The dinucleosome is an informative unit for analysis of the higher-order chromatin structure. DNA fragments forming stable dinucleosomes were screened from a dinucleosome DNA library after the reconstitution of nucleosomes in vitro and digestion with micrococcal nuclease. Reconstituted dinucleosomes showed a diversity of sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease, suggesting that the biochemical stability of a dinucleosome depends, in part, on the DNA fragments. The DNA fragments after the screening were classified into three groups represented by clones bf10, af14 and af32 according to the sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease. Mapping of the nucleosome boundaries by Southern blotting of the DNA after restriction digestion and by primer extension analysis showed that each nucleosome position of clone af32 was fixed. Analysis of reconstituted dinucleosomes using mutant DNA fragments of clone af32 revealed a unique property characteristic of a key nucleosome, given that the replacement of a DNA fragment corresponding to the right nucleosome position resulted in marked sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease, whereas the replacement of the other nucleosome fragment had almost no effect on sensitivity as compared to the original af32 construct. The mutant construct in which the right nucleosome was removed showed multiple nucleosome phases, suggesting that the right nucleosome stabilized first each mononucleosome and then the dinucleosome. An oligonucleotide bending assay revealed that the DNA fragment in the right nucleosome included curved DNA, suggesting that the positioning activity of the nucleosome was attributed to its DNA structure. These results suggest that information for forming stable dinucleosome is embedded in the genomic DNA and that a further characterization of the key nucleosome is useful for understanding the building up of the chromatin structure.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada-Kiyama
authors.forename: Ryoiti
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kiyama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002645:Chickens; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004912:Erythrocytes; D015723:Gene Library; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D020014:K562 Cells; D019901:Locus Control Region / Q000235:genetics; D008836:Micrococcal Nuclease / Q000378:metabolism; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009707:Nucleosomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D009707:Nucleosomes; D005914:Globins; D004247:DNA; D008836:Micrococcal Nuclease