title: Assessment of the antioxidant activities of Brazilian extracts of propolis alone and in topical pharmaceutical formulations.
abstract: The antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis and of formulations added with these extracts were measured by scavenging different radicals in different systems. For the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and the glycolic extract of propolis (GEP) the IC50 observed were respectively of 0.024 and 0.035 microL/mL in scavenging hydroxyl radical, 0.016 and 0.012 microL/mL in inhibiting lipid peroxidation, 0.22 and 0.24 microL/mL in inhibiting chemiluminescence produced in the H2O2/luminol/horseradish peroxide (HRP) system and about 0.005 microL/mL for both extracts in inhibiting chemiluminescence produced in the xanthine/luminol/xanthine oxidase (XOD) system. The antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis in the formulations was not able to be assessed neither using the deoxyribose assay, since the formulation components interfered in the assay measurements, nor using chemiluminescence in the H2O2/luminol/HRP system, since this method did not show to be sensitive for the extract of propolis evaluation. However, the antioxidant activity of extracts of propolis could be successfully evaluated in the formulations using both lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence generated in the xanthine/luminol/XOD system inhibitions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto-USP, Av. do Café s/n 14049, 903 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. frandm@fcfrp.usp.br
authors.forename: Franciane D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Marquele
authors.forename: Valéria M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Di Mambro
authors.forename: Sandra R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Georgetti
authors.forename: Rúbia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: Yara M L
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Valim
authors.forename: Maria José V
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Fonseca
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000494:pharmacology; D003855:Deoxyribose / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006018:Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007501:Iron / Q000737:chemistry; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008165:Luminol / Q000032:analysis; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols; D011429:Propolis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019820:Xanthine / Q000032:analysis; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003470:Culture Media; D005419:Flavonoids; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D006018:Glycols; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D019820:Xanthine; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D000431:Ethanol; D003855:Deoxyribose; D008165:Luminol; D011429:Propolis; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007501:Iron; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase