title: Viral vectors for use in the development of biodefense vaccines.
abstract: The heightened concerns about bioterrorism and the use of biowarfare agents have prompted substantial increased efforts towards the development of vaccines against a wide range of organisms, toxins, and viruses. An increasing variety of platforms and strategies have been analyzed for their potential as vaccines against these agents. DNA vectors, live-attenuated viruses and bacteria, recombinant proteins combined with adjuvant, and viral- or bacterial-vectored vaccines have been developed as countermeasures against many potential agents of bioterrorism or biowarfare. The use of viruses, for example adenovirus, vaccinia virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, as vaccine vectors has enabled researchers to develop effective means for countering the threat of bioterrorism and biowarfare. An overview of the different viral vectors and the threats they counter will be discussed.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. John.Lee@det.amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Angela G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hadjipanayis
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001694:Biological Warfare; D006801:Humans; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D014765:Viral Vaccines