title: Salivary antibodies induced by the seven-valent PncOMPC conjugate vaccine in the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Mucosal antibodies have been suggested to have a role in defence against pneumococcal infections. We investigated here the ability of a seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PncOMPC, to induce mucosal immune response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy Finnish children (n = 111), a subcohort of the Finnish Otitis Media Vaccine Trial, were recruited and 56 of them were immunised with the PncOMPC at the age of 2, 4, and 6 months. At 12 months of age, 49 of them received the PncOMPC and 7 were vaccinated with the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PncPS) as a booster. The control group of 55 children received a hepatitis B vaccine at the same ages. Salivary anti-Pnc IgG, IgA, IgA1, and IgA2 antibodies to serotypes 6B, 14, 19F, and 23F were measured in both groups at the age of 7 and 13 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Salivary anti-Pnc IgG and IgA were detected more often in the PncOMPC than in the control group. However, the difference between groups was significant only for 19F and 23F IgA concentrations at the age of 7 months. At the age of 13 months, antibody concentrations did not differ between PncOMPC and control groups. The rises in IgA concentrations between 7 and 13 months of age were mainly of subclass IgA1. Further, there is a clear trend that PncPS booster induces higher salivary anti-Pnc PS antibody concentrations than the PncOMPC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found that PncOMPC can induce a mucosal IgA response. However, the actual impact of mucosal antibodies in protection against pneumococcal infections is not clear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vaccines, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Helsinki, Finland. anu.nurkka@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Anu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nurkka
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lahdenkari
authors.forename: Arto A I
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Palmu
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Käyhty
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology*; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007223:Infant; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D012463:Saliva / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; C096336:PncOMPC vaccine; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines