[Shoulder instability: classification and methods of clinical examination].
The shoulder is a complex joint whose stability relies on both dynamic and static factors. Dysfunction of one of these components gives rise to shoulder problems. Diagnosis of shoulder instability depends on a detailed history and appropriate physical examination. Despite the presence of many tests, none has proved to be purely diagnostic for shoulder instability. Therefore, these tests should be regarded as a part of the diagnostic procedure rather than a referral to diagnosis itself. Tests performed to assess laxity and instability are different in nature; thus, positive laxity tests do not necessarily show instability unless supported by further evidence. The reliability of the tests for superior labrum anterior-posterior lesions has not been adequately validated by clinical studies and few anatomical studies have examined the effect of these tests on the superior labral complex.
Ozkan
Mustafa
M
Dokuz Eylül Universitesi Tip Fakültesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dali, Balçova, Izmir. mustafa.ozkan@deu.edu.tr
Ekin
Ahmet
A
Bölükbaşi
Selçuk
S
Kanatli
Ulunay
U
Sağol
Ertan
E
D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010808:Physical Examination; D012785:Shoulder Joint