title: Ciprofloxacin resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella serotypes in Scotland, 1993-2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin among non-typhoidal salmonellae in Scotland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Etest strips were used to determine the ciprofloxacin MICs for nalidixic acid-resistant salmonellae isolated from humans during 1993-2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The percentage of nalidixic acid-resistant salmonellae isolated from human infection in Scotland has increased from 1.4% in 1993, to 8.8% in 1998 and 21.3% in 2003. Of 493 strains of nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella tested, a single isolate of Salmonella Typhimurium RDNC was resistant to ciprofloxacin at the NCCLS breakpoint of 4 mg/L. Eleven isolates were resistant at the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory breakpoint of 0.5 mg/L, while 466 isolates (94.5%) had reduced susceptibility with MICs of > or =0.125 mg/L and <0.5 mg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that very few non-typhoidal isolates of Salmonella in Scotland that are resistant to nalidixic acid are also resistant to ciprofloxacin at the NCCLS recommended breakpoint of 4 mg/L. The majority of isolates examined, however, do show reduced susceptibility at 0.125 mg/L. This confirms the necessity for continuing antimicrobial surveillance of resistance to this important antibiotic.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Coia
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mather
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Brown
mesh_terms: D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D012475:Salmonella / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D012703:Serotyping; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin