title: Oxidative stress and 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) induce ectodomain shedding of CD163 and release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human monocytes.
abstract: CD163 is a membrane glycoprotein of the cysteine-rich scavenger receptor superfamily. Upon an inflammatory stimulus CD163 undergoes ectodomain shedding and the soluble protein has been shown to play a role in downregulation of inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to identify a physiological activator of CD163 shedding that is consistently present under inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we elucidated whether oxidative stress or 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) is involved in shedding of CD163. Oxidative stress induced by H(2)O(2) or a NO donor as well as 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) induced significant shedding of CD163. In contrast, release of CD163 was not stimulated by PGF(2alpha). We identified both calcium and reactive oxygen species as common cellular mediators of CD163 release. Since shedding of both CD163 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is known to be mediated by a TIMP-3-sensitive metalloproteinase we examined whether release of TNFalpha was induced by the same mediators that trigger shedding of CD163. Only oxidative stress generated by H(2)O(2) as well as 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and PGF(2alpha) enhanced TNFalpha secretion. Thus, we identified novel common and divergent activators of shedding of CD163 and TNFalpha. These inducers of shedding are present in inflammation and might play an important role in membrane protein cleavage.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Bayerische Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Meike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timmermann
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Högger
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism*; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic / Q000378:metabolism*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000503:physiopathology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D000098902:CD163 Antigen
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015214:Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; D000098902:CD163 Antigen; D002614:Chelating Agents; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C070379:1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid acetoxymethyl ester; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D026423:S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine; D016572:Cyclosporine; D015237:Dinoprost; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D000068298:Fluticasone; D002118:Calcium