title: Predictive value of serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor for development of aortic calcification in haemodialysis patients: a 6 year longitudinal study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accelerated atherosclerosis is a major complication in patients on haemodialysis (HD). Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) is a representative regulator of activation of monocytes and macrophages, and plays important roles in the development of atherosclerosis in HD patients. However, the long-term predictive value of the serum MCSF level for the development of aortic calcification under HD conditions has not been reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum MCSF level was measured in 40 HD patients. The aortic calcification index (ACI) was also calculated on computed tomography once each year for 6 years. Predictive value was examined by logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, there was a significant correlation between serum MCSF and ACI (r = 0.43, P<0.01). A significant increase in ACI was first noted at 4 years post-baseline and the increase was maintained thereafter in the high MCSF group. No such changes were noted in the low MCSF group. Univariate analysis identified high levels of calcium x phosphorus product, triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), MCSF and presence of diabetes mellitus as significant predictors for increased ACI at 6 years. However, among these five factors, high levels of CRP and MCSF were the only independent and significant predictors (odds ratio = 24.0, P = 0.03 and odds ratio = 22.8, P = 0.02, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that MCSF is associated with the process of atherosclerosis in HD patients. Furthermore, the serum MCSF level is an independent long-term predictor of increased ACI. These results provide useful information for preventive strategies against atherosclerotic disease under HD conditions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephro-Urology, Department of Translational Medical Science, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kihara
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Furukawa
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishikido
authors.forename: Shigehiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanetake
mesh_terms: D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D016173:Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D002097:C-Reactive Protein