title: [Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide Complication of infectious and sterile endophthalmitis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA), applied as treatment for various edematous and neovascular ocular diseases, was analyzed for infectious or sterile endophthalmitis and pseudoendophthalmitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective interventional study, 645 eyes were treated with approximately 20 mg intravitreal TA. The removal of the vehicle and the intravitreal injection were performed under sterile conditions. A total of 97 eyes received a second TA injection, 13 a third, 1 a fourth, 2 a fifth, and 1 a sixth injection. The mean follow-up was 7.5 months (median: 5.7 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 1st week after 759 TA injections, 758 resulted in no hypopyon or Tyndall phenomenon >2(+), but in one eye a pseudoendophthalmitis with hypopyon was present. Anterior chamber lavage demonstrated TA crystals, and the culture was negative. In the 2nd week, one patient developed infectious endophthalmitis after a fall had caused ocular perforation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal TA injections (approximately 20 mg) harbor a low risk of infectious or sterile endophthalmitis and pseudoendophthalmitis, if the injection and vehicle removal are performed under sterile conditions.
authors.affiliation: Augenklinik der Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim. Ingrid.kreissig@ma.augen.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kreissig
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Degenring
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jonas
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide