title: The crossveinless gene encodes a new member of the Twisted gastrulation family of BMP-binding proteins which, with Short gastrulation, promotes BMP signaling in the crossveins of the Drosophila wing.
abstract: In the early Drosophila embryo, Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activity is positively and negatively regulated by the BMP-binding proteins Short gastrulation (Sog) and Twisted gastrulation (Tsg). We show here that a similar mechanism operates during crossvein formation, utilizing Sog and a new member of the tsg gene family, encoded by the crossveinless (cv) locus. The initial specification of crossvein fate in the Drosophila wing requires signaling mediated by Dpp and Gbb, two members of the BMP family. cv is required for the promotion of BMP signaling in the crossveins. Large sog clones disrupt posterior crossvein formation, suggesting that Sog and Cv act together in this context. We demonstrate that sog and cv can have both positive and negative effects on BMP signaling in the wing. Moreover, Cv is functionally equivalent to Tsg, since Tsg and Cv can substitute for each other's activity. We also confirm that Tsg and Cv have similar biochemical activities: Sog/Cv complex binds a Dpp/Gbb heterodimer with high affinity. Taken together, these studies suggest that Sog and Cv promote BMP signaling by transporting a BMP heterodimer from the longitudinal veins into the crossvein regions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, 6-160 Jackson Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shimmi
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ralston
authors.forename: Seth S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: O'Connor
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000196:embryology* / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006652:Histological Techniques; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014921:Wings, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000196:embryology*
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C090223:TSG protein, Drosophila; C091428:sog protein, Drosophila