title: The suitability of yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis vaccines for immunization against West Nile virus.
abstract: Seven volunteers involved in flavivirus studies have been immunized with commercial Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever vaccines JE-VAX and YF-VAX. Strong homologous and cross-reactive with West Nile virus (WNV) antibody responses with titers 1:1600 to 1:51200 were found in all donors. All donors developed high levels of yellow fever virus (YFV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) neutralizing antibodies with titers 1:50 to 1:1600 and 1:20 to 1:640, respectively, and WNV neutralizing antibodies with titers 1:10 to 1:80. In contrast, predominantly YF-specific cell-mediated immunity was detected in all immunized donors. Responses to YFV were long lasting, but the anti-JEV humoral immunity was found to decrease with time. Cross-reactive anti-WNV responses were following the same trend dropping below detectable level at 4 years post-immunization and sharply coming back after booster immunization with the JE vaccine. Thus, immunization with the commercial flavivirus JE vaccine may be beneficial for individuals at high risk of exposure to WNV, such as personnel involved in WN research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside ave, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
authors.forename: Galina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Yamshchikov
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borisevich
authors.forename: Chun Wai
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Ryan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nistler
authors.forename: Jake
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohlmeier
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seregin
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chaporgina
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Benedict
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yamshchikov
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D003429:Cross Reactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014901:West Nile Fever / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D022321:Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines; D022341:Yellow Fever Vaccine; D007371:Interferon-gamma