title: Upregulation of estrogen receptor expression in the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and Ishikawa cells treated with bromoethane.
abstract: In a 2-year NTP bioassay, Bromoethane (BE) was found to induce endometrial neoplasms in the uterus of B6C3F1 mice [; ]. In women, hormonal influences, such as "unopposed" estrogenic stimulus, have been implicated as important etiologic factors in uterine cancer. BE, however, does not affect the serum concentrations of sex hormones in female B6C3F1 mice [] and the mechanism of BE-induced uterine carcinogenesis still remains unclear. In the present study, we examined the estrogenic effects of BE on the uterus of ovariectomized B6C3F1 mice and on Ishikawa cells. Groups of 6 mice were given daily s.c. injections of 0, 100, 500 or 1000 mg BE/kg for 3 consecutive days. Mice treated with 17beta-estradiol served as positive controls. Mice were necropsied 24 h after the final injection, and uteri were weighed and examined histologically and immunohistochemically along with the vagina. Changes observed in the estrogen-treated mice included increased uterine weights, edema and inflammation of the endometrium, increased epithelial layers of the uterine and vaginal lumens and keratinization of the vaginal epithelium. In the BE-treated mice, no such changes occurred; however, immunohistochemical staining of the uterus revealed a significant increase in immunoexpression of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) in the two higher dose groups. Analysis of mRNA also showed slightly increased uterine ERalpha expression in these groups. Upregulated expression of ERalpha was confirmed in BE-treated Ishikawa cells, in which Western blotting analyses identified an intense signal at approximately 66 kDa, which is consistent with ERalpha. These data suggest that upregulated expression of ERalpha may be important in the induction of endometrial neoplasms in BE-treated mice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, P.O. Box 12233, MD C2-09, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aoyama
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Couse
authors.forename: Sylvia C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Hewitt
authors.forename: Joseph K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Haseman
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Majstoravich
authors.forename: Kenneth S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Korach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dixon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004716:Endometritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D004717:Endometrium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D007120:Immunochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D010052:Ovariectomy; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D012260:Ribonucleases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D004958:Estradiol; D007041:Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase; D012260:Ribonucleases; C037311:bromoethane