title: Peptide growth factors signal differentially through protein kinase C to extracellular signal-regulated kinases in neonatal cardiomyocytes.
abstract: The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) are activated in cardiomyocytes by Gq protein-coupled receptors and are associated with induction of hypertrophy. Here, we demonstrate that, in primary cardiomyocyte cultures, ERK1/2 were also significantly activated by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) or fibroblast growth factor (FGF), but insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and nerve growth factor (NGF) had relatively minor effects. PDGF, EGF or FGF increased cardiomyocyte size via ERK1/2, whereas insulin, IGF-1 or NGF had no effect suggesting minimum thresholds/durations of ERK1/2 signaling are required for the morphological changes associated with hypertrophy. Peptide growth factors are widely accepted to activate phospholipase C gamma1 (PLCgamma1) and protein kinase C (PKC). In cardiomyocytes, only PDGF stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of PLCgamma1 and nPKCdelta. Furthermore, activation of ERK1/2 by PDGF, but not EGF, required PKC activity. In contrast, EGF substantially increased Ras.GTP with rapid activation of c-Raf, whereas stimulation of Ras.GTP loading by PDGF was minimal and activation of c-Raf was delayed. Our data provide clear evidence for differential coupling of PDGF and EGF receptors to the ERK1/2 cascade, and indicate that a minimum threshold/duration of ERK1/2 signaling is required for the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: NHLI Division, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Flowers Building (4th Floor), Armstrong Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK. a.clerk@imperial.ac.uk
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clerk
authors.forename: Ioanna-Katerina S
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Aggeli
authors.forename: Konstantina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stathopoulou
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Sugden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D048429:Cell Size / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases