title: Functional mitral regurgitation predicts 1-year mortality in elderly patients with systolic chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mitral regurgitation (MR) has been demonstrated to be a powerful predictor of adverse outcome in middle-aged patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). In this study, we sought to define the prognostic impact of functional mitral regurgitation in a population of elderly patients with systolic CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-five outpatients aged >70 years with validated CHF and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluations at baseline. Mitral regurgitation was diagnosed by Color Doppler and quantified in 5 categorical values using a 0-4+ grading system. Outcome measures included 1-year mortality and hospitalization for worsening CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution of patients according to the 5 different degrees of MR detected at baseline was: absent=11%, 1+=31%, 2+=38%, 3+=16%, 4+=4%. The relationship between MR and mortality was direct and approximately linear (r=0.39, p=0.00001). The prevalence of death in the 5 subgroups was 0%, 7%, 15%, 45%, 57%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MR was the strongest predictor of death (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.50-13.0), independently of the presence of diabetes mellitus, older age and larger left ventricular end-diastolic volume. No association was found between MR and hospitalization for worsening CHF (r=0.08, p=0.41).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study establishes the direct and independent relationship between MR severity and one-year mortality among elders with systolic CHF. Conversely, MR does not provide useful information regarding the risk of subsequent hospitalization for worsening CHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Villa Bianca Hospital, Trento, Italy. gcioffi@villabiancatrento.it
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarantini
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Feo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pulignano
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Sindaco
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefenelli
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Lenarda
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Opasich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D015996:Survival Rate