title: Usefulness of sentinel lymph node detection in early stages of cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping in combination with surgical biopsy is an emerging technique for use in the early stages of cervical cancer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the technique in a series of 40 consecutive women with early stage cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with early stage cervical cancer [FIGO stage IA2 (2), IB1 (34), IB2 (1) or IIA (3)] were referred for radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patients were submitted to preoperative lymphoscintigraphy (four 99mTc-nanocolloid injections around the tumour) and intraoperative SLN detection. Hand-held or laparoscopic gamma probes were used to locate SLNs during surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean number of SLNs was 2.5 per patient (interiliac 49%, external iliac 19%). Of the total of 99 SLNs, six, in four women, showed metastases (all 68 non-SLNs removed were negative). In the other 36 patients, all the removed lymph nodes (sentinel and non-sentinel) were negative (0% false negative rate). During the follow-up (median 25 months), only two patients presented distant metastases: one died 6 months after surgery (two of three SLNs positive, both hot and blue), while the second patient is alive 4 years after surgery (lung metastasis, no isotope drainage, negative blue SLN). The survival rate was 95% and disease-free survival, 97%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SLN surgical biopsy based on lymphoscintigraphy and blue dye is a feasible and useful technique to avoid lymph node dissection in the early stages of cervical cancer. It has a high negative predictive value, can be incorporated into clinical routine (laparoscopy or open surgery) and is close to achieving validation in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Servei de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, 08035, Barcelona, Spain. iroca@vhebron.net
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Roca
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Caresia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gil-Moreno
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pifarre
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aguade-Bruix
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castell-Conesa
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Martínez-Palones
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xercavins
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D021701:Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*