title: Effects of dietary taurocholate, fat and protein on the storage and metabolism of dietary beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol in ferrets.
abstract: Dietary factors affecting tissue storage of beta-carotene (BC), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), and retinol (ROL) in mammals include taurocholate, protein, and fat. Few studies have examined the effects of these factors on the storage of BC, retinyl esters, and alpha-T in a mammalian system that is similar to humans. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of taurocholate (TC), fat, and protein on the absorption and metabolism of BC and alpha-T in ferret tissues. Three 4-week experiments were conducted using groups of 5-6 ferrets per treatment. All diets contained 0.2% BC. In Experiment 1, taurocholate was fed at concentrations of 0, 0.5, or 1%. Effects of two concentrations of dietary fat (6 and 23%) and three concentrations of protein (10, 20, and 40%) were also studied in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Tissues were analyzed for BC, retinoids, and alpha-T by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Taurocholate enhanced hepatic and plasma concentrations of BC (2.3- to 3-fold), retinyl palmitate [(RP) 3.2- to 9.5-fold], retinyl stearate [(RS) 2.9- to 6- fold], and hepatic alpha-T (6- to 13- fold) at p < 0.05. High-fat diets elevated hepatic BC, RP, RS, and retinyl linoleate (RL) concentrations (2- to 3.6-fold, p < 0.05). In contrast, high-protein diets lowered hepatic RL 1.8-fold and alpha-T 8-fold (p < 0.05). Our results indicate the importance of taurocholate, fat, and protein in achieving adequate levels of vitamins A and E in mammals.
authors.affiliation: Division of Research and Applied Technology, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling and Dietary Supplements, Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC 20204, USA. Psundare@CFSAN.FDA.GOV
authors.forename: P Ramnathan
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Sundaresan
authors.forename: Phillipe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marmillot
authors.forename: Quing-Hong
authors.initials: QH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Geraldine V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grundel
authors.forename: M Raj
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Lakshman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005289:Ferrets; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D013656:Taurocholic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D019207:beta Carotene; D013656:Taurocholic Acid; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol