title: Phospholipase Cgamma-Erk Axis in vascular endothelial growth factor-induced eukaryotic initiation factor 4E phosphorylation and protein synthesis in renal epithelial cells.
abstract: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) increases protein synthesis and induces hypertrophy in renal tubular epithelial cells (Senthil, D., Choudhury, G. G., McLaurin, C., and Kasinath, B. S. (2003) Kidney Int. 64, 468-479). We examined the role of Erk1/2 MAP kinase in protein synthesis induced by VEGF. VEGF stimulated Erk phosphorylation that was required for induction of protein synthesis. VEGF-induced Erk activation was not dependent on phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase activation but required sequential phosphorylation of type 2 VEGF receptor, PLCgamma and c-Src, as demonstrated by inhibitors SU1498, U73122, and PP1, respectively. c-Src phosphorylation was inhibited by U73122, indicating it was downstream of phospholipase (PL)Cgamma. Studies with PP1/2 showed that phosphorylation of c-Src was required for tyrosine phosphorylation of Raf-1, an upstream regulator of Erk. VEGF also stimulated phosphorylation of Pyk-2; VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Pyk2, c-Src and Raf-1 could be abolished by BAPTA/AM, demonstrating requirement for induction of intracellular calcium currents. We examined the downstream events following the phosphorylation of Erk. VEGF stimulated phosphorylation of Mnk1 and eIF4E and induced Mnk1 to shift from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon phosphorylation. VEGF-induced phosphorylation of Mnk1 and eIF4E required phosphorylation of PLCgamma, c-Src, and Erk. Expression of dominant negative Mnk1 abrogated eIF4E phosphorylation and protein synthesis induced by VEGF. VEGF-stimulated protein synthesis could be blocked by inhibition of PLCgamma by a chemical inhibitor or expression of a dominant negative construct. Our data demonstrate that VEGF-stimulated protein synthesis is Erk-dependent and requires the activation of VEGF receptor 2, PLCgamma, c-Src, Raf, and Erk pathway. VEGF also stimulates Erk-dependent phosphorylation of Mnk1 and eIF4E, crucial events in the initiation phase of protein translation.
authors.affiliation: O'Brien Kidney Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Geriatric Research, Education, and, Clinical Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Meenalakshmi M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mariappan
authors.forename: Duraisamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Senthil
authors.forename: Kavithalakshmi S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Natarajan
authors.forename: Goutam Ghosh
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Choudhury
authors.forename: Balakuntalam S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Kasinath
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000166:cytology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D051966:Phospholipase C gamma