title: Alcohol and drugs in drivers fatally injured in traffic accidents in Sweden during the years 2000-2002.
abstract: During the years 2000-2002, alcohol, pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs were analysed in blood samples from fatally injured drivers in Sweden. The total number of drivers was 920 and in 855 of these, corresponding to 93%, a toxicological investigation was performed. About 85% of the drivers were men and 15% were women. All but three women (96%) were car drivers while the corresponding figure for men was about 78% and about 13% were motorcyclists. The number of positive cases increased from 38.9% in year 2000 to 45.9% in year 2002 and alcohol was the most common drug with frequencies of 19.8%, 25.0% and 21.8% for the studied years 2000, 2001 and 2002, respectively. The median blood alcohol concentration ranged from 1.6 to 2.0mg/mL for men and from 1.2 to 1.8 mg/mL for women. There was a decrease in cases where alcohol was the only drug detected, from 52 out of 58 cases (90%) in year 2000 to 41 out of 61 cases (67%) in 2002. At the same time there was an increase, from 5.4% to 10.0% of illicit drugs, mainly amphetamine, and the cases with multiple drug intake increased from 10% to 26%. The prevalence of pharmaceuticals as the only drug or drugs detected decreased from 14.0% to 10.4% and in the majority of these cases the drug concentrations were within the therapeutic range.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Chemistry, National Board of Forensic Medicine, University hospital, S-58185 Linköping, Sweden. per.holmgren@rmv.se
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmgren
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Holmgren
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahlner
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000401:mortality* / Q000639:trends; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage; D017678:Sex Distribution; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D000431:Ethanol