title: Scientific conviction amidst scientific controversy in the transatlantic livestock and meat trade.
abstract: A century before the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Great Britain and North America grappled with pleuro-pneumonia - a disease in cattle that had equally maddening consequences. Towards the end of the 19th century, this condition was at the heart of a transatlantic trade dispute that lasted for decades and attracted the attention of livestock farmers, diplomats, shipping moguls, veterinarians, public health regulators and journalists the world over. Scientific controversy aggravated the situation when there were doubts about the scientific judgment of Privy Council veterinary officials, who were simultaneously conducting disease-diagnosis activities and pushing for tighter regulations at British ports. At this point, William Williams, principal of the New Veterinary College in Edinburgh, waded into this troubled arena. His strong convictions spawned a long-running disagreement with the British Government over the diagnoses of pleuro-pneumonia in cattle imported from the USA and Canada.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, K-226 Mosier Hall, Kansas State University, Mahattan, Kansas 66506, USA. jkastner@ksu.edu
authors.forename: Justin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Crowley
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Huff
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D034462:Dissent and Disputes; D019649:Food Industry / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000266:history* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D049672:History, 19th Century; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D008461:Meat Products / Q000266:history / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards; D009656:North America; D011002:Pleuropneumonia, Contagious / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000266:history* / Q000517:prevention & control; D006113:United Kingdom