title: Use of the harmonic scalpel in superficial and total parotidectomy for benign and malignant disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Use of the harmonic scalpel in superficial parotidectomy for benign parotid disease has been shown to reduce surgical time as well as intraoperative blood loss. We sought to determine whether similar results could be achieved with the expanded use of the harmonic scalpel in parotidectomy for both benign and malignant disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of all patients undergoing superficial or total parotidectomy from 1999 to 2004 were reviewed. Patients were excluded for a history of bleeding disorder, prior facial nerve weakness, or concurrent neck dissection at the time of parotidectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-four patients underwent harmonic scalpel parotidectomy and 41 patients underwent conventional cold knife parotidectomy (control group). Use of the harmonic scalpel was associated with a significant reduction in intraoperative blood loss (38.0 +/- 3.6 mL vs. 66.0 +/- 10.8 mL for controls, P < 0.05) and duration of drainage (31.80 +/- 2.4 h vs. 39.29 +/- 2.21 h for controls, P < 0.05). Use of the harmonic scalpel in superficial parotidectomy (n = 35) compared to controls (n = 37) was associated with a significant reduction in intraoperative blood loss (38.0 +/- 4.23 mL vs. 68.0 +/- 12.0 mL, P < 0.05) and reduced incidence of facial nerve injury (P < 0.05). In patients undergoing total parotidectomy, no significant differences were observed between the harmonic scalpel (n = 9) and control groups (n = 4) in length of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, duration of drainage, and facial nerve injury.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the harmonic scalpel in the surgical treatment of parotid disease is safe and confers some advantages over conventional methods of parotid dissection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA.
authors.forename: Lana L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Christine G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Gourin
authors.forename: Daniel S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Porubsky
authors.forename: Frederick N
authors.initials: FN
authors.lastname: Klippert
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Terris
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control; D004322:Drainage; D020220:Facial Nerve Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017075:Laser Coagulation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010305:Parotid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D010306:Parotid Gland / Q000601:surgery*; D010307:Parotid Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors