title: Burden of disease associated with overweight and obesity among U.S. military retirees and their dependents, aged 38-64, 2003.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing in the general US population and in beneficiaries of the Department of Defense (DoD) Military Healthcare System. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence and correlation of overweight, obesity and associated co-morbidities in the DoD beneficiary population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional analysis was preformed on data from the DoD's 2003 Population Health Survey. Prevalence odds ratios (POR) were used to describe the association between overweight and obesity categories and prevalence of co-morbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty percent of men and 60% of women were overweight or obese and 33% of men and 29% of women were obese. The PORs increased in magnitude corresponding to increasing BMI categories for all co-morbidities. The percent of individuals reporting between 2 and 4 co-morbidities also increased with increasing weight class.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overweight, obesity and associated co-morbidities are prevalent among DoD beneficiaries. Overweight and obese individuals have an increased prevalence of co-morbidities compared to normal weight individuals. Twenty plus years of active duty in the military does not confer any long-term protection against overweight, obesity or the associated co-morbidities. The DoD should emphasize prevention in order to reduce healthcare costs and the disease burden in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Center for Health Care Management Studies, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense, Health Affairs (OASD (HA)), TRICARE Management Activity (TMA), 5111 Leesburg Pike, Suite 810, Falls Church, VA 22041-3206, USA. amii.kress@tma.osd.mil
authors.forename: Amii M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kress
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Hartzel
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Peterson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006949:Hyperlipidemias / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D012179:Retirement; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology