title: Polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-7 inhibits STAGA histone acetyltransferase activity to produce retinal degeneration.
abstract: Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is characterized by cone-rod dystrophy retinal degeneration and is caused by a polyglutamine [poly(Q)] expansion within ataxin-7, a protein of previously unknown function. Here, we report that ataxin-7 is an integral component of the mammalian STAGA (SPT3-TAF9-ADA-GCN5 acetyltransferase) transcription coactivator complex, interacts directly with the GCN5 histone acetyltransferase component of STAGA, and mediates a direct interaction of STAGA with the CRX (cone-rod homeobox) transactivator of photoreceptor genes. Consistent with these results, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays document retinal-specific association of CRX, GCN5, and acetylated histone H3 with CRX target genes. RNA interference studies also implicate ataxin-7 and GCN5 in CRX-dependent gene activation, and histone deacetylase inhibitors restore the compromised expression of a CRX target gene in an ataxin-7-deficient background. Significantly, in relation to SCA7, poly(Q)-expanded ataxin-7 gets incorporated into STAGA and, in a dominant-negative manner, inhibits the nucleosomal histone acetylation function of STAGA GCN5 both in vitro and, based on chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, in SCA7 transgenic mice. These results suggest that the normal function of a poly(Q) disease protein may intersect with its pathogenic mechanism, an observation with significant implications for the molecular basis of all poly(Q) disorders and ultimately for their treatment.
authors.affiliation: Laboratories of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Mass Spectrometry and Gaseous Ion Chemistry, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Vikas B
authors.initials: VB
authors.lastname: Palhan
authors.forename: Shiming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Guang-Hua
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Agneta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjernberg
authors.forename: Armin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gamper
authors.forename: Yuxin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Brian T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Chait
authors.forename: Albert R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: La Spada
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Roeder
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000067719:Ataxin-7; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000235:genetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics; D034622:RNA Interference; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020754:Spinocerebellar Ataxias / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000235:genetics*; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor
chemical_list: D000123:Acetyltransferases; D000067719:Ataxin-7; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050880:p300-CBP Transcription Factors; D000099224:p300-CBP-Associated Factor; C000593829:ATXN7 protein, human; C000593831:Atxn7 protein, mouse; C109288:cone rod homeobox protein; C097188:polyglutamine; C501178:Gcn5l2 protein, mouse; C501179:KAT2A protein, human