title: Diagnosis and differentiation of rejection after liver transplantation: report of 5 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most common complications after liver transplantation are acute and chronic rejection. Although special changes can be found clinically and pathologically in both of them, sometimes other complications such as preservation injury, recurrent disease (HBV) and hepatic artery thrombosis should be differentiated from them.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients with various complications after liver transplantation were synthetically analyzed according to their clinical information, laboratory tests and liver biopsy findings so as to find out the clinical rules and the histological features.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Special changes and diagnostic standards were found clinically and pathologically in both acute and chronic rejection. Other complications such as fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis and hepatic artery thrombosis also had their own pathological features. Evaluation of donor liver should be done before liver transplantation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is very important to understand and master the diagnostic standards of rejection and the major points for its differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China. jiaweichen2000@sina.com
authors.forename: Jia-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Da-Zhi
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Zhao-Rui
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D008111:Liver Function Tests; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019990:Perioperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000473:pathology*; D011322:Primary Prevention / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D014019:Tissue Donors