title: Molecular cloning and kinetic characterization of an aldehyde dehydrogenase gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess with metastatic complications is an emerging infectious disease in Taiwan. The present study aimed to identify virulence genes involved in the pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae.
  
  
  METHODS
  The closely related Escherichia coli genome array was employed to study the expression of the putative genome of K. pneumoniae. Total mRNA expression levels of a K. pneumoniae strain (designated National Taiwan University Hospital [NTUH]-K2044), isolated from a patient with liver abscess, and another strain (designated NTUH-K9), from a patient with sepsis only, were compared on the E. coli array. RNA blot was used to reconfirm mRNA expression in NTUH-K9, K2044 and in 9 other sepsis strains and 9 other liver abscess strains.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One of the genes which was found to be highly expressed in NTUH-K2044, designated aldA, was selected for further study. The aldA gene codes for the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde:NAD[P](+) oxidoreductase; ALDH). Kinetic properties of ALDH isolated from the 2 strains, designated K2044 ALDH and K9 ALDH respectively, were characterized. The isolated recombinant K2044 ALDH and K9 ALDH, both with subunit molecular weight 55 kDa, exhibited similar substrate specificity and coenzyme preference with glycolaldehyde (V(max)/K(m) = 27 and 17 U/mg/mM, respectively) and glyceraldehyde (maximum velocity [V(max)]/ Michaelis constant [K(m)] = 42 and 30 U/mg/mM, respectively) being the much better substrates and NAD(+) being the preferred coenzyme (K(m) = 0.28 and 0.23 mM, respectively). Unlike K9 ALDH, K2044 ALDH displayed inhibition at high concentrations of glycolaldehyde (substrate inhibition constant [K(i)] = 7.4 mM) and glyceraldehyde (K(i) = 2.6 mM).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The expression of the aldA gene is higher in K. pneumoniae strains from patients with liver abscess. The aldA gene encodes functional ALDH and can use glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehydes as substrates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Chen
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Shou-Lun
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cha-Ze
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shih-Jiun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Jin-Town
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D016589:Astemizole; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007710:Klebsiella Infections; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008100:Liver Abscess / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016589:Astemizole; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase