title: Challenges in the management of sphenoid inverted papilloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inverted papilloma (IP) arising in the sphenoid sinus is extremely rare. Management of sphenoid sinus IP is especially challenging because of the paucity of sinonasal symptoms on presentation and the inherent surgical risks associated with the anatomic location of the sphenoid sinus.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of medical records of all patients with IP arising within the sphenoid sinus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of five patients were identified. All patients were managed with endoscopic resection. The most common presenting symptom was headache (three patients). The mean follow-up period was 37.6 months (range, 10-79 months). Two patients with erosive skull base lesions adjacent to the internal carotid artery were managed with a staged endoscopic resection. Only one patient developed a recurrence after 38 months and underwent revision endoscopic resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic management of sphenoid IP allows maximal resection with minimal morbidity and facilitates endoscopic postoperative surveillance. Complete preoperative radiological assessment of tumor extent is essential. Preoperative medical therapy can help normalize inflamed mucosa and minimize intraoperative bleeding. For large erosive IP, surgical risks may be minimized by considering a staged resection and using computer-aided surgery.
authors.affiliation: Rhinology and Sinonasal Surgery, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Samer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fakhri
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Citardi
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Prayson
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lanza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed