title: Ethanol induces the production of cytokines via the Ca2+, MAP kinase, HIF-1alpha, and NF-kappaB pathway.
abstract: In the present study, we sought to investigate the signal transduction pathways of expression of cytokines in the ethanol-stimulated human mast cell line, HMC-1. Ethanol significantly increased the intracellular calcium level in HMC-1. Ethanol also significantly enhanced IL-6, TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta1 production compared with media control, but did not significantly affect the IL-1beta production. After 8 h of stimulation, ethanol increased mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 in HMC-1. The increased cytokine level was significantly inhibited by BAPTA-AM, PD98059, and SB203580. These inhibitors also inhibited ethanol-induced ERK and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Ethanol resulted in a great increase in protein levels and promoter activity driving luciferase expression of HIF-1alpha and NF-kappaB in HMC-1 cells, but it did not affect on HIF-1alpha mRNA expression. Our observations show that calcium, MAPK activation, HIF-1alpha, and NF-kappaB are necessary for ethanol-induced TNF-alpha and TGF-beta1 expression. These results may have important implications for the study of alcohol-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyun-Ja
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jeong
authors.forename: Seung-Heon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Rae-Kil
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Nyeon-Hyoung
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Hyung-Min
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D016328:NF-kappa B; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000431:Ethanol; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium