title: ECMO for neonatal respiratory failure.
abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been offered as a life-saving technology to newborns with respiratory and cardiac failure refractory to maximal medical therapy. ECMO has been used in treatment of neonates with a variety of cardio-respiratory problems, including meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate (PPHN), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), sepsis/pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), air leak syndrome, and cardiac anomalies. For this group of high-risk neonates with an anticipated mortality rate of 80% to 85%, ECMO has an overall survival rate of 84%, with recent data showing nearly 100% survival in many diagnostic groups. This article reviews the current selection criteria for ECMO and the clinical management of neonates on ECMO, and discusses the long-term outcome of neonates treated with ECMO.
authors.affiliation: The George Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Neonatology, Children's National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20010, USA. KRAISBAH@cnmc.org
authors.forename: K Rais
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bahrami
authors.forename: Krisa P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Van Meurs
mesh_terms: D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010348:Patient Care Team; D018579:Patient Selection; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome