title: Terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as bioindicators for environmental monitoring, with particular reference to mountain ecosystems.
abstract: The use of terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates as a management tool for monitoring change in ecosystems is reviewed and critically evaluated. Their suitability and value for assessing a range of environmental problems from pollution impacts, through habitat evaluation for conservation to the long-term degradation and recovery of ecosystems, is critically discussed. Guidelines are provided for the choice of appropriate bioindicators. Examples of the use of a broad spectrum of invertebrates to assess a variety of environmental problems are summarized. The particular potential of invertebrates for monitoring montane ecosystems is highlighted.
authors.affiliation: School of Biological and Earth Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3, AF, UK. i.d.hodkinson@livjm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ian D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Hodkinson
authors.forename: John K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017753:Ecosystem; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005618:Fresh Water; D005843:Geography; D007448:Invertebrates; D013045:Species Specificity