title: Effect of semen thaw method on conception rate in four large commercial dairy heifer herds.
abstract: Semen processed with procedures intended to permit a flexible thaw method is used to breed millions of cows yearly. One method of thawing straws, the "pocket thaw" is used extensively with semen prepared with these procedures. Published field data is lacking for thaw method comparisons with semen processed to permit flexible-thawing. The objective of the present study was to measure the effect of semen thaw method (warm-water or pocket thaw) over all seasons and its interaction with herds, inseminators, straw package size, and sperm number on conception rate in commercial dairy heifer herds using semen processed with procedures historically optimized for success with flexible-thawing. Professional inseminators performed 11,215 services over a 16-month period in four large herds, achieving a 67.6% conception rate. Thaw method was alternated weekly. Thaw effect on conception status, determined by 70 days non-return rate, was estimated by a generalized linear mixed model. Neither thaw method nor number of sperm per straw significantly affected probability of conception (P=0.658 and 0.769, respectively). No interactions of thaw method with herd, sperm number, season, straw size, and straw size by season were detected (P=0.297, 0.526, 0.365, 0.723, and 0.824, respectively). Bull, herd, inseminator within herd, year, season, and straw size affected conception rate (P=0.002, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, and 0.014, respectively). In conclusion, for semen processed with procedures that permit flexible-thawing, thaw method (pocket thaw versus warm-water thaw) did not affect conception rate under commercial conditions and with routine semen handling methods.
authors.affiliation: Genex Cooperative, Inc., Shawano, WI 54166, USA; Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. mkaproth@crinet.com
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Kaproth
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Rycroft
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Abdel-Azim
authors.forename: B F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Putnam
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Schnell
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Everett
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D012621:Seasons; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013076:Sperm Count