title: TGF-beta1 stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in mesangial cells through a phosphodiesterase isoenzyme 4-dependent process.
abstract: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 are critical mediators of renal injury by promoting excessive inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition, thereby contributing to progressive renal disease. In renal disease models, MCP-1 stimulates the production of TGF-beta1. However, a potential role for TGF-beta1 in the regulation of MCP-1 production by mesangial cells (MCs) has not previously been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to define the role of TGF-beta1 in regulation of MCP-1 expression in cultured MCs and to define mechanisms through which rolipram (Rp), a phosphodiesterase isoenzyme 4 (PDE4) inhibitor with anti-inflammatory properties, alters MCP-1 expression. TGF-beta1 induced MCP-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner without increasing transcription of the MCP-1 gene. TGF-beta1-mediated induction of MCP-1 occurred without activation of the NF-kappaB pathway. Rp blocked TGF-beta1-stimulated MCP-1 expression via a protein kinase A-dependent process, at least in part, by decreasing MCP-1 message stability. Rp exerted no effect on activation of the Smad pathway by TGF-beta1. TGF-beta1-mediated induction of MCP-1 required activation of ERK and p38, both of which were suppressed by a PDE4 inhibitor. TGF-beta1-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by MCs, and Rp inhibited ROS generation in TGF-beta1-stimulated MCs; in addition, both Rp and ROS scavengers blocked TGF-beta1-stimulated MCP-1 expression. We conclude that TGF-beta1 stimulates MCP-1 expression through pathways involving activation of ERK, p38, and ROS generation. Positive cross-talk between TGF-beta1 and MCP-1 signaling in MCs may underlie the development of progressive renal disease. Rp, by preventing TGF-beta1-stimulated MCP-1 production, may offer a therapeutic approach in retarding the progression of renal disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Stabile 7, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Jingfei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Montserrat M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Diaz Encarnacion
authors.forename: Gina M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Catherine E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Karl A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Nath
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Grande
mesh_terms: D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D005920:Glomerular Mesangium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C508962:Tgfb1 protein, rat; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D054703:Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4