title: Effects of combined treatment on Turkish children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a preliminary report.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined treatment on children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  After careful screening, 47 children (57%) diagnosed with ADHD + oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and 36 children (43%) diagnosed with ADHD + conduct disorder (CD) were included in the study. Treatment consisted of ongoing medication (methylphenidate) management and a parent-training program that continued for 5 months. Children were assessed in multiple domains by multiple sources of information at baseline and at the end of the 1st, 3rd, and 6th months by parent- and teacher-completed the Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV)-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S), Conners Parent Rating Scale (CPRS), and Conners Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS). Mother-child relationship was assessed by the Parental Acceptance and Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Combined treatment was effective in reducing the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms. Analyses of the data revealed that medication, rather than parent training, was responsible for the improvements both in the symptoms and in the mother-child relationship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study, in line with the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with ADHD (MTA) findings, highlighted the role of stimulant medication in the treatment of ADHD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey. eyercan@med.ege.edu.tr
authors.forename: Eyup Sabri
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Ercan
authors.forename: Azmi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varan
authors.forename: Ulkü
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Deniz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D008774:Methylphenidate