title: Glucose evaluation trial for remission (GETREM) in type 1 diabetes: a European multicentre study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Strict metabolic control during the 1st year of type 1 diabetes is thought to be a key factor for achieving clinical remission. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) to evaluate the frequency and duration of spontaneous remission (defined according to the parameters issued by the International Diabetic Immunotherapy Group (IDIG)) in a European population of consecutive recent onset type 1 diabetes patients (aged 5-35 years), followed-up for a period of 36 months with a common protocol of intensive insulin therapy and without adjunct immune-intervention; and (ii) to identify the predictive factors for clinical remission.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 189 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes according to ADA criteria were recruited in participating centres (Belgium, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Sweden and Turkey) and followed-up for a period of up to 36 months. In all patients, intensive insulin therapy was implemented consisting of three or four injections of regular insulin daily with NPH insulin at bedtime. Adjustment of insulin dose was made according to a common protocol. Various clinical characteristics (age, gender, severity of presentation, etc.), history (presence of diabetic siblings in the family, etc.) and integrated parameters of metabolic control (HbA(1c), blood glucose, the total insulin dose at hospital discharge adjusted for body weight) were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients (11.6%) experienced remission. The median duration of remission was 9.6 months and the range was 31 months. There was a wide variation among centres. Logistic regression analysis focused on the centre as the main variable in achieving remission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Remission was shown to be very heterogeneous between centres depending on 'other factors' such as patient care and family awareness of the disease rather than on 'measurable factors' such as sex, age, HbA(1c) and severity of presentation at diagnosis. Using intensive insulin therapy and optimisation of metabolic control, remission occurred in nearly one out of eight patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico, Via E. Longoni, 83, 00155 Rome, Italy. pozzilli@unicampus.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manfrini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buzzetti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lampeter
authors.forename: I De
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Leeuw
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Iafusco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prisco
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ionescu-Tirgoviste
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kolouskovà
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Linn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ludvigsson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Madàcsy
authors.forename: A Seremak
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mrozikiewicz
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mrozikiewicz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Podar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vavrinec
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vialettes
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Visalli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Browne
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007336:Insulin, Isophane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012074:Remission Induction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D007336:Insulin, Isophane