title: Prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting after moderately high to highly emetogenic chemotherapy: comparison of ondansetron, prochlorperazine, and dexamethasone.
abstract: The purpose of this article is to assess the comparative antiemetic efficacy of prochlorperazine, ondansetron, and dexamethasone in the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) after moderately high to highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Cancer patients (n = 232) receiving moderately high to highly emetogenic chemotherapy were randomized to 1 of 3 treatments: 15 mg prochlorperazine spansules twice daily; 8 mg ondansetron tablets twice daily; or 8 mg dexamethasone tablets twice daily on days 2 through 5. All patients received 24 mg ondansetron and 20 mg dexamethasone orally before chemotherapy. Daily assessment (days 1 through 5) included the number of episodes of retching and vomiting, severity of nausea, restlessness, difficulty concentrating and fatigue, treatment satisfaction, and overall quality of life (measured using a 10-cm VAS). The Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) was completed on day 5. Other side effects attributed to antiemetic therapy were recorded daily. For acute CINV, total control, defined as no vomiting, retching, nausea <1 cm on a 10-cm visual analog scale, and no administration of rescue medications, was achieved in 78% in the overall group and was not significantly different in the patients randomized to the 3 treatment arms for delayed CINV. Delayed CINV was reported by 43% to 57% of patients, with the highest incidence reported on day 3. For delayed CINV, patients receiving prochlorperazine reported the lowest average nausea score on days 2 to 5, whereas patients receiving ondansetron reported the highest nausea score (P = 0.05). No statistically significant differences in CINV or side effects of antiemetic therapy were noted between treatment groups on days 2 to 5. For patients similar to those included in this study, there does not appear to be a clinically important difference in efficacy, adverse effects, or treatment satisfaction among dexamethasone, prochlorperazine, and ondansetron in the doses used in these delayed CINV regimens on days 2 to 5 in this study.
authors.affiliation: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7360, USA. celeste_lindley@unc.edu
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lindley
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goodin
authors.forename: Jeannine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCune
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: M Ahinee
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amamoo
authors.forename: Stacy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shord
authors.forename: Trin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yowell
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laliberte
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schell
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bernard
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Socinski
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017294:Ondansetron / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011346:Prochlorperazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States; D014839:Vomiting / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D017294:Ondansetron; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel; D002945:Cisplatin; D011346:Prochlorperazine