title: The novel triterpenoid CDDO-Me suppresses MAPK pathways and promotes p38 activation in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
abstract: Development of novel therapeutic strategies is a continuing challenge for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The novel triterpenoid, C-28 methyl ester of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolen-1,9-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO-Me), induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemic cell lines and in primary AML samples. In this report, the effects of CDDO-Me on CD34(+) AML progenitor cells in vitro were examined. CDDO-Me induced apoptosis in all but one of ten AML samples. CDDO-Me is known to inhibit the activation of ERK1/2. In this series of primary AML samples, ERK was expressed and phosphorylated in all patient samples studied and CDDO-Me inhibited ERK phosphorylation in five of 10 samples. However, CDDO-Me induced apoptosis in four of five samples without decreasing pERK levels, suggesting that pERK is not the sole target of the compound. CDDO-Me induced phosphorylation of p38 in AML-derived U937 cells. Pretreatment of U937 cells with a p38 inhibitor protected cells from the cyto-toxic effects of CDDO-Me. These findings suggest a role for p38 in CDDO-Me-induced apoptosis. In preliminary studies, CDDO-Me induced p38 phosphorylation in seven of eight primary AML samples. These findings suggest that CDDO-Me treatment shifts cell signaling away from cyto-protective pathways and thus CDDO-Me may be effective for the treatment of AML.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Konopleva
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Contractor
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Kurinna
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andreeff
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Ruvolo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects*; D014411:Neoplastic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014315:Triterpenes; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; C445068:bardoxolone methyl; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases