title: Islet transplantation is associated with an improvement of cardiovascular function in type 1 diabetic kidney transplant patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are major problems in type 1 diabetic patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this study was to determine whether islet transplantation can improve cardiovascular function in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We assessed various markers of cardiac function at baseline and 3 years later in a population of 42 type 1 diabetic patients with ESRD who received a kidney transplant. Seventeen patients then received an islet transplant that had persistent function as defined by long-term C-peptide secretion (kidney-islet group). Twenty-five patients did not receive a functioning islet transplant (kidney-only group).
  
  
  RESULTS
  GHb levels were similar in the two groups, whereas the exogenous insulin requirement was lower in the kidney-islet group with persistent C-peptide secretion. Overall, cardiovascular parameters improved in the kidney-islet group, but not in the kidney-only group, with an improvement of ejection fraction (from 68.2 +/- 3.5% at baseline to 74.9 +/- 2.1% at 3 years posttransplantation, P < 0.05) and peak filling rate in end-diastolic volume (EDV) per second (from 3.87 +/- 0.25 to 4.20 +/- 0.37 EDV/s, P < 0.05). Time to peak filling rate remained stable in the kidney-islet group but worsened in the kidney-only group (P < 0.05). The kidney-islet group also showed a reduction of both QT dispersion (53.5 +/- 4.9 to 44.6 +/- 2.9 ms, P < 0.05) and corrected QT (QTc) dispersion (67.3 +/- 8.3 to 57.2 +/- 4.6 ms, P < 0.05) with higher erythrocytes Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. In the kidney-islet group only, both atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide levels decreased during the follow-up, with a stabilization of intima-media thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study showed that type 1 diabetic ESRD patients receiving a kidney transplant and a functioning islet transplant showed an improvement of cardiovascular function for up to 3 years of follow-up compared with the kidney-only group, who experienced an early failure of the islet graft or did not receive an islet graft.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. secchi.antonio@hsr.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fiorina
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gremizzi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maffi
authors.forename: Rossana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Caldara
authors.forename: Davide
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tavano
authors.forename: Lucilla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Socci
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Folli
authors.forename: Ferruccio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fazio
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Astorri
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Del Maschio
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Secchi
mesh_terms: D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000601:surgery*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000601:surgery*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D002096:C-Peptide; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase