title: An adenylyl cyclase pseudogene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a functional ortholog in Mycobacterium avium.
abstract: A number of genes similar to mammalian Class III nucleotide cyclases are found in mycobacteria, and biochemical characterization of some of these proteins has indicated that they code for adenylyl cyclases, with properties similar to the mammalian enzymes. Our earlier bioinformatic analysis had predicted that the Rv1120c gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pseudogene, while analysis of the genome of Mycobacterium avium indicated the presence of a functional ortholog. We therefore cloned and expressed Rv1120c and its ortholog from M. avium, Ma1120, in Escherichia coli, and find that while the protein from M. tuberculosis is misfolded and found in inclusion bodies, Ma1120 is expressed to high levels as a functional adenylyl cyclase. Sequence analysis of Ma1120 indicates interesting variations in critical amino acids that are known to be important for catalytic activity. Ma1120 is maximally active in the presence of MnATP as substrate ((app)Km approximately 400 microM), and is inhibited by P-site inhibitors (IC50 of 2',5'-dideoxy-3'-adenosine triphosphate approximately 730 nM) and tyrphostins (IC50 approximately 36 microM) in a manner similar to the mammalian enzymes. This therefore represents the first Class III cyclase biochemically characterized from M. avium, and the absence of a functional ortholog in M. tuberculosis suggests a unique role for this enzyme in M. avium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shenoy
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Srinivas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mahalingam
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Visweswariah
mesh_terms: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003838:Deoxyadenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D002479:Inclusion Bodies / Q000201:enzymology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015269:Mycobacterium avium Complex / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D017510:Protein Folding; D011544:Pseudogenes; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D003838:Deoxyadenine Nucleotides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D020032:Tyrphostins; C079836:tyrphostin 25; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; C421784:adenylate cyclase 3