title: Predictors of common bile duct lithiasis in laparoscopic era.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze retrospectively the records of 294 consecutive patients operated upon for gallbladder stones, to determine the predictive factors of synchronous common bile duct (CBD) stones and validate prospectively the generated model.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prognostic estimation of a biochemical test and ultrasonography alone to differentiate between the absence and presence of choledocholithiasis was assessed using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. Multivariate analysis was employed using discriminant analysis for establishment of a best model. Prospective validation of the model was made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discriminant forward stepwise analysis disclosed that high values (> or = 2 x normal) of SGOT, ALP, conjugated bilirubin and CBD diameter on ultrasound > or = 10 mm were all prognostic factors of CBD lithiasis in univariate and multivariate analysis, P< 0.01. History was not included in the model. Prospective validation of the model was performed by multivariate analysis using Visual General Stepwise Regression. Positive predictive value, when considering all these predictors, was 93.3%, while the negative predictive value was 88.8%. Sensitivity of the model was 96.5% and specificity 80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above model can be objectively applied to predict the presence of CBD stones.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Surgical Department of Korgialenio-Mpenakio Red Cross Hospital, 11 Mantzarou str., Neo Psychiko, 15451 Athens, Greece. gsgourakis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sgourakis
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dedemadi
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stamatelopoulos
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leandros
authors.forename: Dionysius
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Voros
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karaliotas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity