title: 1Alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 restores thymocyte apoptosis sensitivity in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice through dendritic cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resistance of NOD thymocytes to apoptosis-inducing signals is restored by 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1alpha,25OH2D3), a therapy preventing diabetes in NOD mice. We studied whether modulation of thymocyte apoptosis is due to direct effects on thymic T lymphocytes or indirect effects via thymic dendritic cells, since both cell types constitute known targets for 1alpha,25OH2D3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Female NOD mice were treated with 1alpha,25OH2D3 (5microg/kg/2d) from 21 to 70 days. Vehicle-treated NOD and NOR mice served as controls. Analysis of thymic T lymphocytes from 1alpha,25OH2D3)-treated mice revealed a decrease in number of apoptosis-resistant CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD8-HSA(high) T lymphocyte subsets, higher pro-apoptotic IL-2 and FasL, and lower anti-apoptotic Bclx-L mRNA expression levels. Thymic dendritic cells from 1alpha,25OH2D3-treated NOD mice had increased CD8alpha+FasL+ and CD80+/86+ expression compared to control NOD mice. In a syngeneic co-culture system of thymocytes and thymic dendritic cells, apoptosis levels were 20% higher only in co-cultures where both T cell- and dendritic cell-compartments originated from 1alpha,25OH2D3-treated mice. Activation-induced cell death-sensitivity in peripheral T lymphocytes was comparable to levels present in NOR mice, confirming better thymic selection in 1alpha,25OH2D3-treated mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that 1alpha,25OH2D3 needs both thymic T cell- and dendritic cell-compartments to exert its apoptosis-restorative effects in NOD thymocytes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology (LEGENDO), Catholic University of Leuven, Onderwijs en Navorsing, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Decallonne
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: van Etten
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Overbergh
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valckx
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bouillon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mathieu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D051020:bcl-X Protein
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C494812:Bcl2l1 protein, mouse; D007376:Interleukin-2; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C118756:dihydroxy-vitamin D3; D014807:Vitamin D