title: Isolated right-sided varicocele as a salvage pathway for portal hypertension.
abstract: Retrograde blood flow can occur in the testicular veins and in the pampiniformis plexus in the absence of valves or if the valves are incompetent, resulting in tortuosity and dilatation of the veins. These abnormal alterations in the anatomy of the veins, termed varicoceles, are associated with infertility in the male. Most varicoceles occur on the left. We report the case of a rare isolated right-sided varicocele in a male evaluated for infertility in whom extensive work-up revealed venous anomalies and a spontaneous porto-systemic shunt. In such cases, standard approaches to infertility treatment are fruitless.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria. germar-michael.pinggera@uibk.ac.at
authors.forename: G-M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Pinggera
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Herwig
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pallwein
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frauscher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Judmaier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitterberger
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallouhi
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000209:etiology; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000209:etiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology*; D011168:Portal System / Q000002:abnormalities; D013085:Spermatic Cord / Q000098:blood supply*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D014646:Varicocele / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis