title: Molecular characterization of spontaneous and growth-factor-augmented chondrogenesis in periosteum-bone tissue transferred into a joint.
abstract: Multilineage potential of progenitor cells from periosteum is well established, but conditions for differentiation within their native niche are unclear. We evaluated at cellular and molecular levels whether chondrogenesis of periosteal progenitor cells is promoted spontaneously or by growth-factor mixture (GFM) application when transferring periosteum-bone cylinders into cartilage defects. Osteochondral defects in the patellar groove of minipigs were filled with periosteum-bone cylinders and randomly supplemented with GFM. Neochondrogenesis was characterized by histology, immunohistology, and quantitative gene expression analysis. According to morphology and glycosaminoglycan accumulation, spontaneous neocartilage formation occurred in the cambium layer already at 6 weeks, increased after 12 weeks, but declined until 52 weeks, independent of GFM. Multiple cartilage differentiation markers were induced after transfer. Expression of aggrecan, COMP, decorin, and Col10a1 increased significantly within 52 weeks. Sox 9 and Col2a1 mRNA levels were elevated at 6 versus 52 weeks in the GFM group and resulted in higher collagen type II protein accumulation. Neochondrogenesis was promoted in lower periosteum layers by transfer of periosteum-bone plugs into a joint, and collagen type II protein deposition was enhanced by GFM. The final tissue subsumed typical features of periosteum and fibrocartilage but lacked an intact tide mark and features of hyaline cartilage desired for cartilage repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Schlierbacher Landstrasse 200a, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gotterbarm
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gruettgen
authors.forename: Simona Berardi
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Vilei
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Breusch
authors.forename: Wiltrud
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017364:Collagenases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007596:Joints / Q000601:surgery*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D010521:Periosteum / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D024043:Collagen Type II; D006133:Growth Substances; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017364:Collagenases; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13