title: Combined effects of bovine colostrum and glutamine in diclofenac-induced bacterial translocation in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine whether the combined administration of bovine colostrum and glutamine was able to prevent the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gut damage and bacterial translocation (BT) in the rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The animal model population of the study consisted of six groups; control group, diclofenac group, diclofenac with milk group, diclofenac with colostrum group, diclofenac with glutamine group and diclofenac with colostrum and glutamine group. The animals with milk, colostrum or glutamine were fed with low fat milk, liquid colostrum or glutamine by orogastric gavage for 5 days before the diclofenac administration. Intestinal permeability, serum biochemical profiles and intestinal adhesion for assessment of the gut damage, and enteric bacterial overgrowth and BT at the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen and systemic blood were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diclofenac caused the increase in gut damage, enteric bacterial numbers and BT. Supplements with colostrum or glutamine reduced these changes induced by diclofenac, but this result was not seen for supplementation with low fat milk. Combined administration of colostrum and glutamine reduced diclofenac-induced gut damage and BT as compared to the use of bovine colostrum alone or glutamine alone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested that the combined administration of bovine colostrum and glutamine might effectively reduce NSAID-induced gut damage and BT in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Chungang University Yongsan Hospital, Chungang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Jeong Wook
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Woo Kyu
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Eun Jeong
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D018988:Bacterial Translocation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002417:Cattle; D003126:Colostrum; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008892:Milk; D009928:Organ Specificity; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005973:Glutamine; D004008:Diclofenac