title: Autofluorescence bronchoscopy with white light bronchoscopy compared with white light bronchoscopy alone for the detection of precancerous lesions: a European randomised controlled multicentre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The potential of autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) to detect precancerous lesions in the central airways and its role in lung cancer screening is uncertain. A study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of moderate/severe dysplasia (dysplasia II-III) and carcinoma in situ (CIS) using a newly developed AFB system in comparison with conventional white light bronchoscopy (WLB) alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective randomised multicentre trial, smokers > or = 40 years of age (> or = 20 pack-years) were stratified into four different risk groups and investigated with either WLB+AFB (arm A) or WLB alone (arm B).
  
  
  RESULTS
  1173 patients (916 men) of mean age 58.7 years were included. Overall (arms A and B), preinvasive lesions (dysplasia II-III and CIS) were detected in 3.9% of the patients. The prevalence of patients with preinvasive lesions in the WLB arm was 2.7% compared with 5.1% in the WLB+AFB arm (p = 0.037). For patients with dysplasia II-III, WLB+AFB increased the detection rate by a factor of 2.1 (p = 0.03), while for CIS the factor was only 1.24 (p = 0.75). The biopsy based sensitivity of WLB alone and WLB+AFB for detecting dysplasia II-III and CIS was 57.9% compared with 82.3% (1.42-fold increase). The corresponding specificity was 62.1% compared with 58.4% (0.94-fold decrease).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This first randomised study of AFB showed that the combination of WLB+AFB was significantly superior to WLB alone in detecting preneoplastic lesions. Our findings do not support the general use of AFB as a screening tool for lung cancer, but suggest that it may be of use in certain groups. The precise indications await further study.
authors.affiliation: Center for Respiratory Medicine and Thoracic Surgery, Asklepios Fachkliniken München-Gauting, Robert-Koch-Allee 2, D-82131 Gauting, Germany. k.haeussinger@asklepios.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häussinger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stanzel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Strausz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cavaliere
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herth
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohlhäufl
authors.forename: K-M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: R-M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Pichlmeier
authors.forename: Ch T
authors.initials: ChT
authors.lastname: Bolliger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects