title: Phase I study of 506U78 administered on a consecutive 5-day schedule in children and adults with refractory hematologic malignancies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A phase I study was conducted to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity profile, and pharmacokinetics of a novel purine nucleoside, nelarabine, a soluble prodrug of 9-beta-D-arabinosylguanine (araG; Nelarabine), in pediatric and adult patients with refractory hematologic malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between April 1994 and April 1997, 93 patients with refractory hematologic malignancies were treated with one to 16 cycles of study drug. Nelarabine was administered daily, as a 1-hour intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days, every 21 to 28 days. First-cycle pharmacokinetic data, including plasma nelarabine and araG levels, were obtained on all patients treated. Intracellular phosphorylation of araG was studied in samples of leukemic blasts from selected patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTDs were defined at 60 mg/kg/dose and 40 mg/kg/dose daily x 5 days in children and adults, respectively. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was neurologic in both children and adults. Myelosuppression and other significant organ toxicities did not occur. Pharmacokinetic parameters were similar in children and adults. Accumulation of araGTP in leukemic blasts was correlated with cytotoxic activity. The overall response rate was 31%. Major responses were seen in patients with T-cell malignancies, with 54% of patients with T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia achieving a complete or partial response after one to two courses of drug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nelarabine is a novel nucleoside with significant cytotoxic activity against malignant T cells. DLT is neurologic. Phase II and III trials in patients with T-cell malignancies are encouraged.
authors.affiliation: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. kurtz001@mc.duke.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kurtzberg
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Ernst
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hodge
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kisor
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lager
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krenitsky
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elion
authors.forename: B S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001087:Arabinonucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012008:Recurrence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001087:Arabinonucleosides; C104457:nelarabine