title: MLN64 is involved in actin-mediated dynamics of late endocytic organelles.
abstract: MLN64 is a late endosomal cholesterol-binding membrane protein of an unknown function. Here, we show that MLN64 depletion results in the dispersion of late endocytic organelles to the cell periphery similarly as upon pharmacological actin disruption. The dispersed organelles in MLN64 knockdown cells exhibited decreased association with actin and the Arp2/3 complex subunit p34-Arc. MLN64 depletion was accompanied by impaired fusion of late endocytic organelles and delayed cargo degradation. MLN64 overexpression increased the number of actin and p34-Arc-positive patches on late endosomes, enhanced the fusion of late endocytic organelles in an actin-dependent manner, and stimulated the deposition of sterol in late endosomes harboring the protein. Overexpression of wild-type MLN64 was capable of rescuing the endosome dispersion in MLN64-depleted cells, whereas mutants of MLN64 defective in cholesterol binding were not, suggesting a functional connection between MLN64-mediated sterol transfer and actin-dependent late endosome dynamics. We propose that local sterol enrichment by MLN64 in the late endosomal membranes facilitates their association with actin, thereby governing actin-dependent fusion and degradative activity of late endocytic organelles.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hölttä-Vuori
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alpy
authors.forename: Kimmo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanhuanpää
authors.forename: Eija
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jokitalo
authors.forename: Aino-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mutka
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ikonen
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004705:Endocytosis; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D015388:Organelles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C105684:STARD3 protein, human; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor