title: A gait nomogram used with fuzzy clustering to monitor functional status of children and young adults with cerebral palsy.
abstract: We have developed a gait nomogram based on dynamic similarity to characterize and compare neuromuscular function. We used temporal-distance data based on 669 normal participants (age range 5 to 98 years), and 78 children and young adults with spastic diplegia (43 males, 35 females; mean age 10 y 8 mo, standard deviation 3 y 11 mo, range 5 to 20 y), all of whom were independent ambulators. A new statistical algorithm known as fuzzy clustering was implemented and five cluster centres were identified, each representing distinct walking strategies adopted by children with cerebral palsy. Using just three easily obtained parameters--leg length in metres, stride length in metres, and cadence in steps per minute--our program calculates a child's dimensionless step length and step frequency, generates the individual's membership values for each of the five clusters, and plots the gait nomogram. The clinical utility of our approach has been demonstrated for two test participants with spastic diplegia, using pre- and postoperative data (one neurosurgical and one orthopaedic), where changes in membership of the five clusters provide objective measures of improvement in their neuromuscular function.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council/University of Cape Town Medical Imaging Research Unit, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Western Cape 7925, South Africa. kvaughan@cormack.uct.ac.za
authors.forename: Christopher L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: O'Malley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002547:Cerebral Palsy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D017143:Fuzzy Logic; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000503:physiopathology; D049451:Nomograms; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome