How antipsychotics work: the patients' perspective.
BACKGROUND
While much is known about the neuropharmacology and objective efficacy of antipsychotics, little is known about how these drugs act on psychosis from the patients' perspective. Most previous studies of the patient's perspective have focused on drug tolerability and acceptability-rather than their effects on psychosis per se.


METHODS
The authors examined how antipsychotics work from a patient's perspective by analyzing their responses to a subjective questionnaire. Ninety-one patients with schizophrenia (cross-sectional component) and eight neuroleptic naïve patients (before and after treatment, longitudinal component) participated. The patients' responses to the questionnaire were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and general linear models.


RESULTS
Analysis of the patients' responses showed that from their perspective the drugs were substantially more effective in: "help deal, help stop thinking, and make the symptoms not bother" rather than "take away" or "change my mind". This differentiation was clear in the raw data and was supported by a formal PCA. Two underlying factors-the first termed detachment and second eradication-explained 71% of the variance in the patients' perspective on how antipsychotics work for them. Neuroleptic naïve patients, who had no prior exposure, expected drugs to help with both detachment and eradication, but, changed their mind with just 6 weeks of experience with the medications.


CONCLUSIONS
From the patients' perspective the action of antipsychotics is best characterized by a detachment from symptoms-rather than an eradication or elimination of symptoms. They have more wide-ranging expectations prior to antipsychotic exposure, but, even 6 weeks of exposure is sufficient to change their mind in favor of detachment. This finding is consistent with some of the very earliest ideas that antipsychotics produced a state of "indifference" and is also consistent with the more recent, neurobiologically informed notions that antipsychotics work by dampening the salience of psychotic symptoms.
Mizrahi
Romina
R
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health-CAMH, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5T 1R8.
Bagby
R Michael
RM
Zipursky
Robert B
RB
Kapur
Shitij
S
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents