title: The p160 family coactivators regulate breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion through autocrine/paracrine activity of SDF-1alpha/CXCL12.
abstract: Estrogen receptors (ERs) regulate the transcription of genes involved in breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. In addition to ligand concentration, phosphorylation and coactivator/corepressor levels control ER-dependent transcription. In this study, we used MCF-7 breast cancer sublines with variable levels of the steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) to investigate the importance of coactivator levels in basal and estrogen-inducible expression of SDF-1alpha/CXCL12, cathepsin D and cMyc. Basal expression of SDF-1alpha and cMyc but not of cathepsin D was substantially lower in a MCF-7 subline lacking SRC-1 ((MCF-7/p2) compared with MCF-7 sublines expressing SRC-1 (MCF-7/p1 and LCC2). Although estrogen efficiently induced SDF-1alpha in MCF-7/p1 cells, very little induction of this gene was observed in MCF-7/p2 cells. The absence of SRC-1 had no effect on estrogen-inducible expression cMyc and cathepsin D suggesting that coactivator levels determine the expression of only a subset of estrogen-regulated genes. Introduction of SRC-1, SRC-2/TIF-2 or SRC-3/AIB1 increased basal expression of SDF-1alpha in MCF-7/p2 cells. Consistent with the role of SDF-1alpha in mediating estrogen-induced proliferation, estrogen failed to increase proliferation of MCF-7/p2 cells. In matrigel invasion assays, conditioned media from MCF-7/p1 but not MCF-7/p2 cells increased invasion of cancer cells expressing metastasis-associated genes and CXCR4, the receptor for SDF-1alpha. These results suggest that coactivators control SDF-1alpha expression, which mediates estrogen-induced proliferation and invasion through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, respectively. These results also provide a molecular explanation for recent observations linking co-overexpression of coactivators and her2/neu with poor prognosis: coactivators increase SDF-1alpha expression whereas her2/neu stabilize CXCR4 protein.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kishimoto
authors.forename: Zhuo
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Poornima
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bhat-Nakshatri
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Harikrishna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakshatri
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D017931:DNA Primers; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004967:Estrogens; C491719:MYBBP1A protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D029543:Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D014157:Transcription Factors; D013629:Tamoxifen; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase