title: The contribution of contractile pre-activation to loss of function after a single lengthening contraction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some muscle injuries are the result of a single lengthening contraction. Our goal was to evaluate the contributions of angular velocity, arc of motion, and timing of contractile activation relative to the onset of joint motion in an animal model of muscle injury using a single lengthening contraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The intact tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of rats was activated while lengthened, preceded by a maximal isometric contraction of 0, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ms. The lengthening contraction was performed at two different angular velocities (300 or 900 degrees/s) and through two different arcs of motion (90 degrees or 45 degrees).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Muscle contractile function, as measured by maximal isometric tetanic tension, was significantly decreased only when the TA was activated at least 50 ms prior to the motion, regardless of angular velocity or arc of motion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data indicated that the duration of an isometric contraction prior to a single lengthening contraction determined the extent of muscle injury irrespective of two different angular velocities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lovering
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: Claude T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Moorman
authors.forename: Patrick G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: De Deyne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical