APOBEC3G & HTLV-1: inhibition without deamination.
APOBEC3G is a cellular cytidine deaminase that was recently identified as the Vif-sensitive antiviral host factor responsible for the restriction of vif-defective HIV-1 in primary human cells and certain non-permissive T cell lines. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication is thought to be the result of APOBEC3G-induced hypermutation of the viral genome that occurs early during reverse transcription. Against this backdrop is a new report from the Uchiyama laboratory that proposes deaminase-independent restriction of HTLV-1 by APOBEC3G (Sasada et al. Retrovirology 2005, 2:32). These findings combined with recent reports of deaminase-independent inhibition of Hepatitis B virus as well as HIV-1 suggest that cytidine deaminase activity and antiviral activity may be separable functional properties of APOBEC3G.
Strebel
Klaus
K
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Viral Biochemistry Section; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH; Building 4, Room 310; 4 Center Drive, MSC 0460; Bethesda, MD 20892-0460, USA. kstrebel@niaid.nih.gov
D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; D002460:Cell Line; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
D012097:Repressor Proteins; D009700:Nucleoside Deaminases; D000071480:APOBEC-3G Deaminase; C464924:APOBEC3G protein, human; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase