title: [On bitumen emulsions in water].
abstract: The most important factors, controlling the process of emulsification of highly viscous hydrocarbons in water, which are responsible for keeping the stability and other properties of these systems, are discused in this article. The effect of non-ionic surfactants, such as nonil phenol ethoxilated compounds on the interfacial behavior of bitumen/water systems is analyzed. The effect of the natural surfactants in presence or in absence of electrolytes is also analyzed. The procedures followed in order to obtain the optimal conditions of formulation and formation of bitumen in water emulsions, are discussed and the effect of some parameters on the mean droplet diameter and distribution are also considered. It was found that keeping constant mixing speed and time of mixing, the mean droplet diameter decreases as the bitumen concentration increases. Emulsion stability, which can be monitored by following the changes in mean droplet diameters and viscosity as a function of the storage time, is deeply affected by the type and concentration of surfactant.
authors.affiliation: PDVSA-Intevep. Apartado 76343. Caracas 1070-A, Venezuela.
authors.forename: Hercilio
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rivas
authors.forename: Xiomara
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chirinos