title: Surgical indications and outcomes of tympanostomy tube removal.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate factors affecting perforation healing in children with surgical removal of retained tympanostomy tubes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a retrospective chart review of 82 pediatric patients (111 ears) who underwent surgical tube removal at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from 1/1/1999 to 12/31/2001. Patients included 47 males and 35 females with an age range of 2-15 years (average age, 6.8 years and median, 6 years). The length of intubation ranged from 12 months to 108 months (average, 44.6 months). The indications for removal included: prolonged intubation (61.3%), otorrhea or recurrent infection (21.6%), obstruction (7.2%), tube in middle ear (6.3%), enlarging perforation (2.7%), and in preparation for future cochlear implant surgery (9.9%). Interventions included removal of tympanostomy tubes and techniques for encouraging perforation closure. Seventy-six percent of the ears had a technique used to encourage healing. These techniques included freshen edges (11.8%), Gelfoam or Gelfilm (14.1%), Gelfoam and/or Gelfilm with freshened edges (50.6%). The main outcome measure was perforation healing. Chi-square statistical analysis were used to determine the statistical significant of observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall closure rate for all patients available for follow up was 87.0%, regardless of technique used to encourage healing. There was no statistically significant difference between the average intubation time in ears that healed (44 months), versus those with persistent perforation after removal (42 months). There was no statistical significant difference in closure rate based on patient age. When tubes were removed for prolonged intubation, 87.0% closed. If the indication was otorrhea or recurrent infections, 93.0% healed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overwhelming majority of patients who undergo surgical removal of tubes will show complete tympanic membrane healing independent of technique at time of removal, duration of intubation, patient age, or indication for removal.
authors.affiliation: 2225 County Road 90, Suite 123, Pearland, TX 77584, USA. adkinsmd@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Adkins
authors.forename: Ellen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020878:Device Removal / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008876:Middle Ear Ventilation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000601:surgery*; D014945:Wound Healing