title: Synergistic effects of tocopherol, tocotrienol, and ubiquinone in indomethacin-induced experimental gastric lesions.
abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their adverse effects on the gastric mucosa are yet another set of unresolved medical problems. This study examined the effects of various antioxidants on several gastric parameters after a single exposure to indomethacin. Forty-eight male rats of the Sprague-Dawley (200-250 g) strain were randomly divided to receive a single antioxidant (tocopherol, tocotrienol, or ubiquinone) or a combination of two (tocopherol-tocotrienol, tocopherol-ubiquinone or tocotrienol-ubiquinone) for 28 days. The rats were then challenged with a single dose of indomethacin and killed six hours later. Findings showed that the severity of gastric lesions was comparable in all groups. Only groups that received a combination of antioxidants exhibited reduced lipid peroxidation compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). The combination groups had a higher level of gastric prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference among the groups in the gastric acid concentration and the glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio. We conclude that although supplementation of these antioxidants in combination had desirable effects on lipid peroxidation and gastric PGE2 level, they did not reduce the lesions produced by indomethacin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. nafeeza@medic.ukm.my
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Nafeeza
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Kang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000032:analysis; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005744:Gastric Acid; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis; D007213:Indomethacin; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013270:Stomach / Q000737:chemistry; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024505:Tocopherols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D024508:Tocotrienols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D024508:Tocotrienols; D014451:Ubiquinone; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D005978:Glutathione; D015232:Dinoprostone; D024505:Tocopherols; D007213:Indomethacin