title: Household income is strongly associated with health-related quality of life among Japanese men but not women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As socio-economic status (SES) strongly reflects individual economic status, evaluating the association between SES and health could provide information that is important for planning integrated economic and public health policies. We examined the association between annual household income as a measure of SES and the eight scale scores of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) as a quantifier of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were from the SF-36 national survey in Japan. A total of 4500 people aged 16 years or older were selected from the entire population of Japan using stratified-random sampling, and 3395 responded to the survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with lower levels of annual household income had lower scores in all SF-36 domains. However, only 'general health perceptions' and 'social functioning' showed statistically significant trends among the women surveyed. In the subgroup of women working full-time, there were no domains that showed significant trends.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strong association exists between annual household income and SF-36 scores among men, but there is only a limited association among women. The employment and economic policies that affect annual household income potentially influence HRQOL.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology and Exposure Assessment Team, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan. yamazaki.shin@nies.go.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzukamo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D012923:Social Class; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires