title: Idiopathic orbital inflammation with extraorbital extension: case series and review.
abstract: Idiopathic orbital inflammation (IOI) is a well-recognised pathological process usually confined to the orbit. It is an orbital mass lesion characterised by infiltration of soft tissues by inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue. It is essentially a diagnosis of exclusion. Extraorbital extension (EOE) is rare and, to the best of the authors' knowledge, inclusive of our series, there have been 22 cases of IOI with EOE reported in the literature. We describe four patients with IOI with EOE-their presentation, histopathological findings and management strategies. Histopathology of three patients revealed sclerosing and one had a nonspecific variant of IOI. In our series, all four patients required additional immunosuppression. Hence, corticosteroid therapy often needs to be supplemented by radiotherapy and/or immunosuppressive therapy.
authors.affiliation: Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zborowska
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghabrial
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Selva
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: McCluskey
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology*; D010254:Paranasal Sinus Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011239:Prednisolone