title: Growth at high pH increases Enterococcus faecalis adhesion to collagen.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of growth at pH levels from 7.1 to 9.5 on the adherence of Enterococcus faecalis to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and collagen type I.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enterococcus faecalis strain A197A was grown in broth of adjusted pHs varying between 7.1 and 9.5. Aliquots of bacterial suspensions were added to wells coated either with BSA or with collagen type I. Bacteria adhering to the surfaces were stained with crystal violet. Spectrophotometric measurements of the dissolved stain were used to assess the number of bacteria adhering to the surfaces. The data obtained were analysed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Levene's test and Student's t-test, with alpha = 0.05 as the level for statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The adhesion of E. faecalis to BSA-coated surfaces decreased inversely with alkalinity of the growth medium. The pH 7.1-grown bacteria bound to BSA significantly more than the other BSA groups. On the contrary, the adhesion to collagen type I-coated surfaces of bacteria grown at pH 8.0 and 8.5 was significantly greater than for those grown at pH 7.1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A minor increase in pH up to 8.5, which may be a consequence of insufficient treatment with alkaline medicaments such as calcium hydroxide, increases the collagen-binding ability of E. faecalis, in vitro. This can be a critical mechanism by which E. faecalis predominates in persistent endodontic infections.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics and Conservative Treatment, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. guvenk@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kayaoglu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Erten
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ørstavik
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000502:physiology*; D002417:Cattle; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D012709:Serum Albumin; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D024042:Collagen Type I; D003470:Culture Media; D012709:Serum Albumin