title: Tissue-specific distribution of carotenoids and vitamin E in tissues of newly hatched chicks from various avian species.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate carotenoid and vitamin E distribution in egg and tissues of newly hatched chicks from wild mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), game pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), free-range guinea fowl (Numida meleagris), hen (Gallus domesticus) and domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and intensively housed hens. Carotenoid concentrations in the egg yolk of free-range guinea fowl, pheasant and wild mallard were similar (61.3-79.2 microg/g). Egg yolks from ducks and intensively housed hens were characterised by the lowest carotenoid concentration comprising 11.2-14.8 microg/g. However, carotenoid concentration in eggs from free-range ducks and hens was less than half of that in free-range guinea fowl or pheasant. Depending on carotenoid concentration in the livers of species studied could be placed in the following descending order: free living pheasant>free-range guinea fowl>>free-range hen>>intensively housed hen>wild mallard>>housed duck>free-range duck. The carotenoid concentrations in other tissues of free-range guinea fowl and pheasant were substantially higher than in the other species studied. Egg yolk of housed hens was characterised by the highest alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentrations. In accordance with the alpha-tocopherol concentration in the egg yolk, the birds can be placed in the following descending order: intensively housed hen>wild mallard>free-living pheasant>free-range duck>free-range hen=free-range guinea fowl>housed duck. The main finding of this work is species- and tissue-specific differences in carotenoid and vitamin E distribution in the various avian species studied.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, University of Yüzüncü Yil, 65080, Van, Turkey. kfiliz@yyu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Karadas
authors.forename: Nicholas A R
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Surai
authors.forename: Nicholas H C
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Sparks
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000378:metabolism; D001717:Birds / Q000145:classification* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000032:analysis*; D004530:Egg Yolk / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D002338:Carotenoids