[Saccharomyces boulardii activates expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma in HT-29 cells].
OBJECTIVE
Saccharomyces boulardii (S. boulardii) has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, however, little is known about its mechanism of action. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is recently found to regulate inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. We hypothesized that the anti-inflammatory effects of S. boulardii are mediated, in part, through PPAR-gamma. To test this hypothesis, we examined the ability of S. boulardii to modulate the expression of PPAR-gamma in human colon cells.


METHODS
Effects of S. boulardii on survival and proliferation of HT-29 human colon cells were assessed by MTT and [3H]thymidine incorporation assays. PPAR-gamma expression was assessed by Western blot and RT-PCR. Induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed by RT-PCR.


RESULTS
S. boulardii did not affect viability and proliferation of HT-29 cells. S. boulardii up-regulated PPAR-gamma expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Pretreatment of HT-29 cells with S. boulardii blocked PPAR-gamma down-regulation by TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, or LPS, whereas it ameliorated IL-8 response to these proinflammatory factors.


CONCLUSIONS
S. boulardii stimulates PPAR-gamma expression and reduces response of human colon cells to proinflammatory cytokines.
Lee
Sang Kil
SK
Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Kim
Hyo Jong
HJ
Chi
Sung Gil
SG
Jang
Jae Young
JY
Nam
Ki Deok
KD
Kim
Nam Hoon
NH
Joo
Kwang Ro
KR
Dong
Seok Ho
SH
Kim
Byung Ho
BH
Chang
Young Woon
YW
Lee
Joung Il
JI
Chang
Rin
R
D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003106:Colon / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012440:Saccharomyces / Q000502:physiology*
D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D047495:PPAR gamma