title: Antibacterial effect of Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite on Aeromonas hydrophila and discussion on its mechanism.
abstract: Montmorillonite (MMT) and its Cu2+-exchanged montmorillonite (Cu-MMT) were used to study the antibacterial activity on Aeromonas hydrophila. The results indicated that MMT had no antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Cu-MMT on A. hydrophila are found to be 150 and 600 mg/L, respectively. The continuance of the antibacterial activity of Cu-MMT was much longer than copper sulfate. In order to reveal the mechanism of the antibacterial activity of Cu-MMT, the Cu release from Cu-MMT in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was investigated. In the first 2 h, Cu concentration in the supernatant reaches saturated value, about 1.22-2.27% of the overall Cu in Cu-MMT suspended in the medium. The washed Cu-MMT in TSB for 24 h retained their full antibacterial activity; whereas, the supernatants from the washed pellets showed very little antibacterial activity. These findings suggested that the antibacterial activity of Cu-MMT was mainly localized on the clay surface, and not due to the release of Cu2+ into solution. The excessive positive charge of Cu-MMT would make Cu-MMT attract A. hydrophila with negatively charged cellular wall. In this case, the copper cation would act directly on the bacteria adsorbed on the surface of Cu-MMT, instead of into the medium. The mechanism for the antibacterial activity of Cu-MMT may involve the enhanced affinity of Cu-MMT for A. hydrophila and the antibacterial activity of Cu2+.
authors.affiliation: Feed Science Institute, Animal Science College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, PR China. chhu@zju.edu.cn
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Z R
authors.initials: ZR
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D016980:Aeromonas hydrophila / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001546:Bentonite / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D005399:Fishes; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001546:Bentonite; D003300:Copper