title: Prophylactic cranial irradiation for preventing brain metastases in patients undergoing radical treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer: a Cochrane Review.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has a role in the management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with curative intent.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search strategy was designed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing PCI with no PCI in NSCLC patients treated with curative intent. The electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and Cancerlit were searched, along with relevant journals, books, and review articles to identify potentially eligible trials. Four RCTs were identified and reviewed. A total of 951 patients were randomized in these RCTs, of whom 833 were evaluable and reported. Forty-two patients with small-cell lung cancer were excluded, leaving 791 patients in total. Because of the small patient numbers and trial heterogeneity, no meta-analysis was attempted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prophylactic cranial irradiation did significantly reduce the incidence of brain metastases in three trials. No trial reported a survival advantage with PCI over observation. Toxicity data were poorly collected and no quality of life assessments were carried out in any trial.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic cranial irradiation may reduce the incidence of brain metastases, but there is no evidence of a survival benefit. It was not possible to evaluate whether any radiotherapy regimen is superior, and the effect of PCI on quality of life is not known. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of PCI in clinical practice. Where possible, patients should be offered entry into a clinical trial.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. jason.lester@velindre-tr.wales.nhs.uk
authors.forename: Jason Francis
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Fergus R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: MacBeth
authors.forename: Bernadette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Coles
mesh_terms: D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000556:secondary; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary; D016371:Cranial Irradiation; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic