title: Early hepatocellular carcinoma and dysplastic nodules.
abstract: It has been established that small, equivocal nodular lesions such as dysplastic nodules (DNs) and small well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas (early HCCs) are frequently observed in noncancerous liver tissues resected along with HCCs and in explant cirrhotic livers. DNs are classified into low-grade DNs or high-grade DNs on the basis of cytological and architectural atypia; high-grade DNs show varying degrees of cytological or architectural atypia, or both. Early HCCs are indistinctly nodular and highly differentiated and are frequently difficult to differentiate from high-grade DNs. Although the pathological diagnosis of high-grade DNs and early HCCs is controversial, the presence of tumor cell invasion into the intratumoral portal tracts (stromal invasion) is a helpful clue for differentiating early HCC from high-grade DNs. It is highly suggested that many HCCs occurring in cirrhotic liver arise in DNs and develop to classical HCC in a multistep fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume-shi 830-0011, Japan. kojiro@med.kurume-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masamichi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojiro
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roskams
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D016922:Cellular Senescence; D018450:Disease Progression; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness