title: Effects of aerobic exercise and obesity phenotype on abdominal fat reduction in response to weight loss.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effects on abdominal fat reduction of adding aerobic exercise training to a diet program and obesity phenotype in response to weight loss.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective clinical trial with a 14-week weight-loss intervention design.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 209 overweight and obese women were assigned to four subgroups depending on type of treatment and the subject's obesity phenotype: diet alone (DA) with intra-abdominal fat (IF) obesity (> or =mean IF area), diet plus exercise (DE) with IF obesity, DA with abdominal subcutaneous fat (ASF) obesity (<mean IF area) and DE with ASF obesity. Abdominal fat areas were evaluated by CT scans, with values adjusted for selected variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Values were adjusted for age, menopausal status and change in body weight and total fat mass. The IF reductions were significantly (P<0.0001) greater in subjects with IF obesity phenotype (-45.1 cm2) compared to the ASF obesity phenotype (-22.2 cm2). The ASF reductions were significantly (P<0.001) greater for subjects with ASF obesity (-74.5 cm2) compared to IF obesity (-55.5 cm2). For IF obesity, the IF reduction was significantly (P<0.01) greater in the DE group (-49.3 cm2) than in the DA group (-37.8 cm2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that for individuals with IF obesity, the efficacy on reducing IF of adding aerobic exercise training to a diet-alone weight-reduction program is more prominent (-49.3 cm2/-37.8 cm2=1.3 times) compared with DA. Moreover, abdominal fat reduction was found to be modified by obesity phenotype in response to weight loss.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan. okura@taiiku.tsukuba.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohkawara
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001823:Body Composition; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050152:Intra-Abdominal Fat / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010641:Phenotype; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology*; D015431:Weight Loss / Q000502:physiology*