title: Patient perception of the effect of treatment with candesartan in heart failure. Results of the candesartan in heart failure: assessment of reduction in mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan on patients' perception of symptoms, using the McMaster Overall treatment evaluation (OTE), in a broad spectrum of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with symptomatic CHF, randomised in the CHARM Programme in North America (n=2498), were studied. OTE was assessed at baseline, at 6, 14 and 26 months and the patient's final or closing visit. Patient's status was classified as "improved (score +1 to +7)", "unchanged (score 0)" or "deteriorated (score -1 to -7)" at the end of the study compared to baseline. Both a simple "last visit carried forward" (LVCF) analysis and "worst rank carried forward" (WRCF) analysis (where patients who died were allocated the worst OTE score) were used. In the LVCF analysis, compared to placebo, more candesartan patients improved (37.7% versus 33.5%) and fewer worsened (10.8% versus 12.0%) in OTE (p=0.017). The WRCF analysis also showed better overall OTE scores with candesartan compared to placebo (p=0.029). There was no heterogeneity in the response to candesartan between the CHARM component trials or across four exploratory sub-groups (age, sex, NYHA class and beta-blocker).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Candesartan was shown to be better than placebo, when using the McMaster OTE to measure patient perception of treatment. More patients treated with candesartan reported improvement and fewer reported deterioration. This benefit was obtained when candesartan was added to extensive background therapy and is consistent with the benefits of candesartan on NYHA class, hospital admission for worsening heart failure and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland G11 6NT, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Eileen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'Meara
authors.forename: Eldrin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granger
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dunlap
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McKelvie
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Probstfield
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Eric L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ostergren
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carlsson
authors.forename: Bertil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Olofsson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Swedberg
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfeffer
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D013777:Tetrazoles; C081643:candesartan