title: Transtheoretical model-chronic disease care for obesity in primary care: a randomized trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare health benefits achieved in a transtheoretical model-chronic disease (TM-CD) minimal intervention for obesity vs. augmented usual care (AUC).
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 2-year, randomized clinical trial with overweight or obese men and women from 15 primary care sites. AUC (n = 336) included dietary and exercise advice, prescriptions, and three 24-hour dietary recalls every 6 months. TM-CD care (n = 329) included AUC elements plus "stage of change" (SOC) assessments for five target behaviors every other month, mailed SOC and target behavior-matched workbooks, and monthly telephone calls from a weight-loss advisor. Weight change was the primary outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Repeated measures models under the missing at random assumption yielded nonsignificant adjusted differences between the AUC and TM-CD groups for weight change, waist circumference, energy intake or expenditure, blood pressure, and blood lipids. The pattern of change over time suggested that TM-CD participants were trying harder to impact target behaviors during the first 6 to 12 months of the trial but relapsed afterward. Sixty percent of trial participants maintained their baseline weights for 18 to 24 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combination of mailed patient materials and monthly telephone calls based on the transtheoretical model and some elements of chronic disease care is not powerful enough, relative to AUC, to alter target behaviors among overweight primary care patients in an obesogenic environment. AUC may be sufficient to maintain weights among at-risk primary care patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Practice, Summa Health System, 525 East Market Street, Suite 290, Akron, OH 44309-2090, USA. logueE@summa-health.org
authors.forename: Everett
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Logue
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jarjoura
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Smucker
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baughman
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Capers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001794:Blood Pressure; D001835:Body Weight; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D002149:Energy Intake; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009765:Obesity / Q000628:therapy*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D008055:Lipids