title: Smoking attributable medical expenditures, years of potential life lost, and the cost of premature death in Taiwan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the smoking attributable medical expenditures and productivity loss of people aged 35 and over in Taiwan in 2001 from a societal viewpoint.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prevalence based approach was used to estimate smoking attributable costs. Epidemiological parameters were obtained from two follow up studies and government statistics. Data on medical care utilisation and expenditure were extracted from the National Health Insurance claim data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total smoking attributable medical expenditures (SAEs) amounted to USD 397.6 million, which accounted for 6.8% of the total medical expenditures for people aged 35 and over. Mean annual medical expenditures per smoker was USD 70 more than that of each non-smoker. Smoking attributable years of potential life lost (YPLL) totalled to 217,761 years for males and 15,462 years for females, and the corresponding productivity loss was USD 1371 million for males and USD 18.7 million for females.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical expenditures attributable to smoking accounted for 6.8% of the total medical expenditure of people aged 35 and over for the year 2001 in Taiwan. Corresponding YPLL and productivity loss also demand that actions be taken to fight cigarette smoking.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Health Care Organization Administration, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. mcy@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000191:economics; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology