title: Echo-Doppler and clinical evaluations to define hemodynamic profile in patients with chronic heart failure: accuracy and influence on therapeutic management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Correct classification of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients by dual evidence of congestion and adequate perfusion is the primary clinical focus for management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy of echo-Doppler compared with clinical evaluation in determining the hemodynamic profile of patients with CHF; and to compare therapeutic changes based on hemodynamic or echo-Doppler findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and sixty-six consecutive CHF patients (ejection fraction 25+/-7%) in sinus rhythm, undergoing evaluation for cardiac transplantation, underwent physical examination prior to right heart catheterization and echo-Doppler studies. Subsequently, patients were randomized to therapeutic optimization using either right heart catheterization or echo-Doppler data. The end-points were: identification of low cardiac output (cardiac index <2.2 l/min/m(2)); high pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP >18 mm Hg); high right atrial pressure (RAP >5 mm Hg) and analysis of therapeutic changes made in response to the right heart catheterization and echo-Doppler studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Echo-Doppler showed better accuracy in estimating abnormal hemodynamic indices than clinical variables (cardiac index <2.2 l/min/m(2): echo positive predictive accuracy (PPA) 98% vs. clinical PPA 52% p<0.00001; PWP >18 mm Hg: echo PPA 85% vs. clinical PPA 76% p=0.0011; RAP >5 mm Hg: echo PPA 82% vs. clinical PPA 57% p<0.00001). When applied to individual patients, the echo-Doppler assessment was more accurate than clinical evaluation in defining the different hemodynamic profiles: wet/cold (89% vs. 13%, p<0.0001); wet/warm (73% vs. 30%, p<0.0001); dry/cold (68% vs. 12%, p<0.0001); dry/warm (88% vs. 51%, p<0.0001). Therapeutic decision-making based on echo-Doppler findings was similar to that based on hemodynamics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Echo-Doppler hemodynamic monitoring proved accurate in estimating hemodynamic profiles and influenced therapeutic management.
authors.affiliation: Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, -PAVIA-Istituto Scientifico di Montescano, Italy. scapomolla@fsm.it
authors.forename: Soccorso
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Capomolla
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ceresa
authors.forename: GianDomenico
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maestri
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: La Rovere
authors.forename: Oreste
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Febo
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Paganini
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Caporotondi
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Guazzotti
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gnemmi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortara
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cobelli
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D009566:Nitrates