Acid-base status at birth, spontaneous motor behaviour at term and 3 months and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 4 years in full-term infants.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between acid-base status and quality and quantity of General Movements (GMs) at birth and quality of GMs at age 3 months and motor, cognitive and behavioural functioning at the age of 4 years.


METHODS
From a cohort of 84 term children with different umbilical artery pH without severe neonatal neurological abnormalities, GMs were assessed at term and at 3 months. At the age of 4 years, 44 children were assessed by means of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement-ABC), Neurological Examination for Toddlers of Hempel, Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children information processing (Kaufman ABC), Visuomotor Integration (VMI), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and Precursors ADHD Questionnaire (PAQ).


RESULTS
We found no relationship between pH or GM-quality and quantity at term or GM-quality at 3 months and scores on most of the items of the Movement-ABC, cognitive and behavioural outcome. However, neonatal pH value and GM-quality at 3 months were related to some extent to the presence of subtle signs of neuromotor dysfunction as measured by the Hempel test.


CONCLUSIONS
In a sample of infants with a large variation in umbilical artery pH and without severe neonatal neurological abnormalities, acid-base status at birth and quality of GMs at 3 months of age is not predictive for motor milestone achievement, cognitive and behavioural functioning at 4 years, but these parameters are related to a less optimal condition of the nervous system. The latter finding has, however, limited clinical significance.
Wildschut
Janny
J
Department of Child Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Feron
Frans J M
FJ
Hendriksen
Jos G M
JG
van Hall
Mariette
M
Gavilanes-Jiminez
Danilo W D
DW
Hadders-Algra
Mijna
M
Vles
Johan S H
JS
D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009043:Motor Activity; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009420:Nervous System / Q000254:growth & development; D036801:Parturition