title: The impact of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion in acute myocardial infarction on infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction [ISRCTN56720616].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Favorable clinical outcomes have been observed with glucose-insulin-potassium infusion (GIK) in acute myocardial infarction (MI). The mechanisms of this beneficial effect have not been delineated clearly. GIK has metabolic, anti-inflammatory and profibrinolytic effects and it may preserve the ischemic myocardium. We sought to assess the effect of GIK infusion on infarct size and left ventricular function, as part of a randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 940) treated for acute MI by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were randomized to GIK infusion or no infusion. Endpoints were the creatinine kinase MB-fraction (CK-MB) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). CK-MB levels were determined 0, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after admission and the LVEF was measured before discharge.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences between the two groups in the time course or magnitude of CK-MB release: the peak CK-MB level was 249 +/- 228 U/L in the GIK group and 240 +/- 200 U/L in the control group (NS). The mean LVEF was 43.7 +/- 11.0 % in the GIK group and 42.4 +/- 11.7% in the control group (P = 0.12). A LVEF < or = 30% was observed in 18% in the controls and in 12% of the GIK group (P = 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with GIK has no effect on myocardial function as determined by LVEF and by the pattern or magnitude of enzyme release. However, left ventricular function was preserved in GIK treated patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. i.c.c.van.der.horst@thorax.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Iwan C C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: Jan Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Ottervanger
authors.forename: Arnoud W J
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: van 't Hof
authors.forename: Stoffer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reiffers
authors.forename: Kor
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miedema
authors.forename: Jan C A
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hoorntje
authors.forename: Jan-Henk E
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dambrink
authors.forename: A T Marcel
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Gosselink
authors.forename: Maarten W N
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Nijsten
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suryapranata
authors.forename: Menko-Jan
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zijlstra
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; C030396:glucose-insulin-potassium cardioplegic solution; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium