title: Induction of CXC and CC chemokines by all-trans retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.
abstract: We previously reported the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8), one of the CXC chemokines, by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in PL-21 and NB4 human myeloid leukemia cells, which may be implicated in APL differentiation syndrome that is a relatively frequent complication in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) during treatment with ATRA. We, therefore, further investigated the effects of ATRA on the expression of chemokine family in NB4 cells and APL cells prepared from two APL patients. The RNase protection assay using a multi-probe template set for human chemokines revealed that ATRA induced gene expressions of a number of CC chemokines, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta in NB4 cells. Their antigen levels were also increased in the cultured media. APL cells prepared from two APL patients showed gene expression of chemokines, such as IL-8, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta when stimulated with ATRA in vitro. Furthermore, serum levels of IL-8, MIP-1beta and RANTES were increased during the course of ATRA treatment in both APL patients who developed APL differentiation syndrome. These chemokines are all chemoattractants of particular inflammatory cell types, including neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes; therefore, the simultaneous induction of these chemokines after stimulation with ATRA may exacerbate the hyper-inflammation observed in ATRA-induced APL differentiation syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558, Japan. m_shiba@md.okayama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Misako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shibakura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Niiya
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Niiya
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asaumi
authors.forename: Chikamasa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yasunari
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Mitsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics*; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D017931:DNA Primers; D016209:Interleukin-8; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014212:Tretinoin