title: Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis: comparison of different approaches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this research was to identify the diagnostic performance of gadolinium-enhanced and T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in suspected acute myocarditis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Acute myocarditis is difficult to diagnose; CMR provides various means to visualize myocardial inflammatory changes. A CMR approach with clear-cut diagnostic criteria would be desirable.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated 25 patients with suspected acute myocarditis (18 males, 44 +/- 17 years) and 23 healthy controls (13 males, 29 +/- 10 years). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance studies included the following sequences: 1) T2-weighted triple inversion recovery; 2) T1-weighted spin echo before and over 4 min after gadolinium injection; and 3) inversion recovery-gradient echo 10 min after gadolinium injection. Qualitative and quantitative image analysis was performed for: 1) focal and global T2 signal intensity (SI); 2) myocardial global relative enhancement (gRE); and 3) areas of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both global T2 SI and gRE were higher in patients than in controls (T2: 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.7 +/- 0.4; p < 0.0001, gRE: 6.8 +/- 4.0 vs. 3.7 +/- 2.3; p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for T2 (cutoff value of 1.9) were 84%, 74%, and 79%, respectively; gRE: (cutoff value of 4.0) 80%, 68%, and 74.5% respectively; LGE: 44%, 100%, and 71%, respectively. The best diagnostic performance was obtained when "any-two" of the three sequences were positive in the same patient yielding a 76% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity, and 85% diagnostic accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A combined CMR approach using T2-weighted imaging, early and late gadolinium enhancement, provides a high diagnostic accuracy and is a useful tool in the diagnosis and assessment of patients with suspected acute myocarditis.
authors.affiliation: Franz-Volhard-Klinik, Charité Campus Buch, Universität Medizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Aty
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boyé
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zagrosek
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wassmuth
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Messroghli
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Matthias G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Friedrich
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulz-Menger
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009205:Myocarditis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005682:Gadolinium