title: Patient experiences following cardiothoracic surgery: an interview study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have investigated patient outcomes of cardiac surgery, including some examining health-related quality of life. While these studies have provided some insight into patients' physical function, social abilities and perceived quality of life, studies examining the experiences of individuals recovering from cardiac surgery have received only limited investigation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper presents a thematic analysis of interviews conducted with patients recovering from cardiothoracic surgery, about their memories and experiences of hospital and recovery post-hospital discharge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using an exploratory qualitative approach, eight participants were interviewed 6 months following their surgery. Transcripts of interviews were examined using a content analysis approach, with open coding of text and categorising of similar concepts into themes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants reported varying degrees of pain and physical dysfunction during their recovery from surgery and some had still not returned to optimal function. Seven themes emerged from the data: impressions of ICU; comfort/discomfort; being sick/getting better; companionship/isolation; hope/hopelessness; acceptance/apprehension; and life changes. A number of the themes were constructed as a continuum, with participants often demonstrating a range of views or experiences. Many had little or no memory of their stay in the intensive care unit, although others had vivid recollections. Their impressions of hospital were mostly positive, although many experienced fear, apprehension, and mood disturbances at some time during their recovery. Most participants recalled being sick, reaching a turning point, and then getting better. Many participants reported a change in life view since their recovery from surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attention to specific areas of patient orientation, education and support was identified to facilitate realistic expectations of recovery. In addition, some form of systematic follow-up that focuses on patient recovery in terms of both physical and psychological function is important.
authors.affiliation: CNC, Cardiothoracic Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Australia. gardnerg@sesahs.nsw.gov.au
authors.forename: Genevieve
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Doug
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elliott
authors.forename: Jaswin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003422:Critical Care / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010358:Patient Participation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires