title: Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of celecoxib on human chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro.
abstract: Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is the only non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug so far which has been approved by the FDA for adjuvant treatment of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. The molecular mechanism responsible for the anti-cancer effects of celecoxib is not fully understood. There is little data on the potential role of COX-2 in lymphoma pathogenesis. In view of the reported induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, the present study is undertaken to test the effect of celecoxib on human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line, K562 and other hematopoietic cancer cell lines like Jurkat (human T lymphocytes), HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia) and U937 (human macrophage). Treatment of these cells with celecoxib (10-100 microM) dose-dependently, reduced cell growth with arrest of the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase and induction of apoptosis. Further mechanism of apoptosis induction was elucidated in detail in K562 cell line. Apoptosis was mediated by release of cytochrome c into the cytoplasm and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). This was followed by DNA fragmentation. The level of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was decreased without any change in the pro-apoptotic Bax. Celecoxib also inhibited NF-kB activation. Celecoxib thus potentiates apoptosis as shown by MTT assay, cytochrome c leakage, PARP cleavage, DNA fragmentation, Bcl-2 downregulation and possibly by inhibiting NF-kB activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Subhashini
authors.forename: S V K
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Mahipal
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reddanna
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005562:Formazans / Q000633:toxicity; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000473:pathology*; D008264:Macrophages; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts / Q000633:toxicity; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005562:Formazans; D016328:NF-kappa B; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013778:Tetrazolium Salts; C079782:MTT formazan; D000068579:Celecoxib