title: [Effect of endogenous heme oxygenase-carbon monoxide on brain damage induced by recurrent febrile seizures].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Febrile seizures (FS) are the most common seizure disorders in children. Approximately one third of children with a febrile seizure have recurrent events. Although most FS may not represent a serious health problem, those that are more prolonged and recurrent may cause hippocampal damage which is the most important pathological basis of temporal lobe epilepsy. The present study aimed to explore the effect of endogenous heme oxygenase (HO)-carbon monoxide (CO) system on brain damage induced by recurrent FS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly divided into three groups: Control group (immersed in 37.0 degrees C water, n = 8), FS group (immersed in 45.2 degrees C water, n = 8), FS + zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPPIX) group (immersed in 45.2 degrees C water, n = 8). FS in rats were induced ten times in a bath of warm water, once every 2 days. The indirect production of CO in plasma was detected by a dual wavelengh spectrophotometer. The intensity, latency, duration and rectal temperature of the seizure in rats were recorded. Morphologic changes of hippocampal neurons were observed with HE staining. The ultrastructural changes of the hippocampal neurons were observed under electron microscope. Semiquantitative analysis of hippocampal neurons was carried out by using Nissl stain.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After recurrent FS, the content of CO in plasma in FS group was increased as compared with that in control group (P < 0.01). The content of CO in plasma in FS + ZnPPIX group was decreased as compared with that in FS group (P < 0.01), while no significant difference in CO content was found as compared with that in control group (P > 0.05). In FS group, with the increase of seizure number, there was a trend of gradual prolongation of the seizure duration. In FS + ZnPPIX group, the seizure latency was gradually shortened and the seizure duration was further prolonged. There were no significant differences in seizure intensity and rectal temperature between the two groups. After recurrent FS, by using light microscope we could see that the arrangement of hippocampal neurons was disordered, polarity was not clear and vacuolization appeared in some neurons. At the same time the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons under electron microscope changed, which manifested as mitochondrial swelling, dissolved and ruptured ridge and vacuole formation, and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). ZnPPIX aggravated neuronal injury. No obvious loss of hippocampal neurons was observed in FS group, while the number of hippocampal neurons in CA(1) and CA(3) subfields in FS + ZnPPIX group decreased respectively as compared with that in FS group and in control group (P < 0.01 for all).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study by using ZnPPIX which is an inhibitor of HO showed that endogenous HO/CO might act as a protective factor in FS-induced brain damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China.
authors.forename: Zhi-xian
authors.initials: ZX
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Jiong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Jun-bao
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Xing-zhi
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Han
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000502:physiology*; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000502:physiology*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011524:Protoporphyrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D003294:Seizures, Febrile / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D011524:Protoporphyrins; C017803:zinc protoporphyrin; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing)