title: Unit-dose packaging of iron supplements and reduction of iron poisoning in young children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron poisoning is a major cause of unintentional poisoning death in young children. The US Food and Drug Administration proclaimed a regulation for unit-dose packaging of iron supplements in 1997.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether the requirement for unit-dose packaging of iron supplements decreases the incidence of iron ingestion and the incidence of deaths due to iron poisoning in children younger than 6 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a preintervention-postintervention study of the US federally mandated requirement for unit-dose packaging of iron supplements. The 10 years prior to the intervention were compared with the 5 years after its promulgation. The incidences of iron ingestion and of iron poisoning deaths for children younger than 6 years were obtained from the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers (Washington, DC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of iron ingestion calls per 1000 of all calls to poison control centers regarding children younger than 6 years decreased from 2.99 per 1000 to 1.91 per 1000 (odds ratio, 1.29 [95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.32]; P<.001). The number of deaths decreased from 29 to 1 (odds ratio, 13.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.85-99.52]; P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These are the first data that show a decrease in the incidence of nonintentional ingestion of a specific drug by young children and a decrease in mortality from poisoning by this drug after the introduction of unit-dose packaging. There was a decrease in the incidence of iron ingestion and a dramatic decrease in the number of deaths due to iron poisoning. This validates unit-dose packaging as an effective strategy for the prevention of iron poisoning and iron poisoning deaths in young children. This highly effective intervention should be considered for other medications with a high hazard for morbidity and mortality when taken as an overdose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Manitoba Children's Hospital, Winnipeg. mtenenbein@hsc.mb.ca
authors.forename: Milton
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tenenbein
mesh_terms: D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D002648:Child; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004349:Drug Packaging / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000506:poisoning*; D011039:Poison Control Centers / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011041:Poisoning / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007501:Iron