title: A three-dimensional definition of nodal spaces on the basis of CT images showing enlarged nodes for pelvic radiotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To demonstrate that margins of each pelvic chain may be derived by verifying the bony and soft tissue structures around abnormal nodes on computed tomography (CT) slices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty consecutive patients (16 males, 4 females; mean age, 66 years; range, 43-80 years) with radiologic diagnosis of nodal involvement by histologically proved cervix carcinoma (two), rectum carcinoma (three), prostate carcinoma (four), lymphoma (five), penis carcinoma (one), corpus uteri carcinoma (one), bladder carcinoma (two), cutis tumor (one), and soft-tissue sarcoma (one) were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred CT scans showing 85 enlarged pelvic nodes were reviewed by two radiation oncologists (M.P., S.B.), and two radiologists (C.P., G.A.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The more proximal structures to each enlarged node or group of nodes were thus recorded in a clockwise direction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to their frequency and visibility, craniocaudal, anterior, lateral, posterior and medial margins of common iliac, external and internal iliac nodal chains, obturator and pudendal nodes, and deep and superficial inguinal nodes were derived from CT observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Di Summa-A. Perrino General Hospital, Brindisi, Italy. portaluri@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Portaluri
authors.forename: Santa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bambace
authors.forename: Celeste
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Angone
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D010388:Pelvis; D010412:Penile Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy