title: Possible active origin of replication in the double stranded extended form of the left terminus of LuIII and its implication on the replication model of the parvovirus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The palindromic termini of parvoviruses have proven to play an essential role as origins of replication at different stages during the replication of their viral genome. Sequences from the left-end telomere of MVM form a functional origin on one side of the dimer replicative form intermediate. In contrast, the right-end origin can operate in its closed replicative form hairpin configuration or as a fully duplex linear sequence derived from either arm of a palindromic tetramer intermediate. To study the possibility that the LuIII left hairpin has a function in replication, comparable to that described for MVM, the replication of a minigenome containing two copies of the LuIII left terminus (LuIII Lt-Lt) was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data presented demonstrates that LuIII Lt-Lt was capable of replicating when NS1 helper functions were provided in trans. This extended hairpin, capable of acting as an origin of replication, lacks the arrangement of the specific domains present in the dimer duplex intermediate of MVM, the only active form of the left hairpin described for this parvovirus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that the left hairpin of LuIII has an active NS1 driven origin of replication at this terminus in the double stranded extended form. This difference between LuIII and MVM has great implications on the replication of these viruses. The presence of origins of replication at both the left and right termini in their natural hairpin form can explain the unique encapsidation pattern observed for LuIII hinting on the mechanism used by this virus for the replication of its viral genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 9012, Mayagüez, 00680, Puerto Rico. ndiffoot@uprm.edu
authors.forename: Nanette
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Diffoot-Carlo
authors.forename: Lisandra
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vélez-Pérez
authors.forename: Idaris
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Jesús-Maldonado
mesh_terms: D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005814:Genes, Viral / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D055029:Inverted Repeat Sequences; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D017992:Parvovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D018741:Replication Origin; D014779:Virus Replication