title: C/EBPbeta contributes to hepatocyte growth factor-induced replication of rodent hepatocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hepatocyte replication can be induced in vivo by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), which might be used for gene therapy or to promote liver regeneration. However, the biochemical steps critical for this process are not clear. C/EBPbeta and C/EBPalpha are liver-enriched transcription factors that induce and inhibit hepatocyte replication, respectively. Because of their role in hepatocyte replication, this study examined the effect of HGF upon C/EBP proteins in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were treated with HGF, and the effect upon C/EBPs was evaluated in liver extracts. Normal or C/EBPbeta-deficient mice were treated with HGF, and the effect upon hepatocyte replication was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HGF had no effect in rat liver upon C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta mRNA, nuclear protein, or nuclear DNA binding activity. However, HGF increased phosphorylated p90-RSK and ERK to 18- and 3-fold normal, respectively. These kinases phosphorylate C/EBPbeta and increase its transcriptional activity. The percentage of hepatocytes that replicated in C/EBPbeta-deficient mice after HGF administration was only 1.1%, which was lower than the value of 6.6% for hepatocytes from HGF-treated normal mice (P=0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  C/EBPbeta contributes to the induction of hepatocyte replication in response to HGF in rodents, which is likely due to post-translational modifications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cuihua
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Katherine Parker
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Ponder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015151:Immunoblotting; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D023081:CCAAT-Binding Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases