title: A good model of hepatic failure after excessive hepatectomy in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was intended to establish in mice: 1) a safety limit for the extent of hepatectomy and 2) the extent of hepatectomy invariably causing fatal hepatic failure, to facilitate gene expression analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 70%-hepatectomy, the left lateral and median lobes were removed, and in 90%-hepatectomy, all lobes except the caudate were resected. One-week survival rates, serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin were measured. Histological examinations were performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemical tests were done with antibody against Ki-67 antigen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All of the 70%-hepatectomized mice were alive at 1 week, but the 90%-hepatectomized mice all died within 24 h after hepatectomy. Serum aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels were significantly higher in the 90%-hepatectomized mice than in the 70%-hepatectomized mice. Liver histology revealed more prominent vacuolar degeneration in the former. Ki67-positive hepatocytes appeared and proliferated immediately after 70%-hepatectomy, but few were observed in the 70%-hepatectomized mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established 90%-hepatectomy as the safety limit for murine hepatectomy and as a model for liver regeneration, and 90%-hepatectomy as a "fatal hepatic failure level."
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Hirochika
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Togo
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kuniya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Yoji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D017093:Liver Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin