title: Human papillomavirus type 18 variant lineages in United States populations characterized by sequence analysis of LCR-E6, E2, and L1 regions.
abstract: While HPV 16 variant lineages have been well characterized, the knowledge about HPV 18 variants is limited. In this study, HPV 18 nucleotide variations in the E2 hinge region were characterized by sequence analysis in 47 control and 51 tumor specimens. Fifty of these specimens were randomly selected for sequencing of an LCR-E6 segment and 20 samples representative of LCR-E6 and E2 sequence variants were examined across the L1 region. A total of 2770 nucleotides per HPV 18 variant genome were considered in this study. HPV 18 variant nucleotides were linked among all gene segments analyzed and grouped into three main branches: Asian-American (AA), European (E), and African (Af). These three branches were equally distributed among controls and cases and when stratified by Hispanic and non-Hispanic ethnicities. Among invasive cervical cancer cases, no significant differences in the three HPV variant branches were observed among ethnic groups or when stratified by histopathology (squamous vs. adenocarcinoma). The Af branch showed the greatest nucleotide variability when compared to the HPV 18 reference sequence and was more closely related to HPV 45 than either AA or E branches. Our data also characterize nucleotide and amino acid variations in the L1 capsid gene among HPV 18 variants, which may be relevant to vaccine strategies and subsequent studies of naturally occurring HPV 18 variants. Several novel HPV 18 nucleotide variations were identified in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87111, USA. harias@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arias-Pulido
authors.forename: Cheri L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Peyton
authors.forename: Norah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torrez-Martínez
authors.forename: D Nelson
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Cosette M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Wheeler
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014481:United States; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000821:virology; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D036022:Capsid Proteins; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C052603:E6 protein, Human papillomavirus type 18; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins; C069102:oncogene protein E2, Human papillomavirus type 18; C480565:L1 protein, Human papillomavirus type 18