title: Characterization of complete HIV type 1 genomes from non-B subtype infections in U.S. military personnel.
abstract: Infections with non-B HIV-1 subtypes are rare in the United States, but comprise a significant percentage of infections among U.S. military personnel. Risk behavior while on overseas deployment correlates with non-B infection in this population. Extensive genetic characterization will be required to define HIV-1 diversity, and to effectively evaluate requirements for HIV-1 vaccines and other prevention strategies in this group. From 1997 to 2000, 520 recent seroconverters, identified through routine HIV-1 testing in the U.S. active military force, volunteered for a prospective study. V3 loop serology or partial genome sequencing identified 28 non- B subtype infections; 14 were studied by full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Five strains were CRF01_AE. Four of these clustered with CM240 from Thailand, and one clustered with African CRF01_AE. Four strains were CRF02_AG, prevalent in West and West Central Africa. Two strains were subtype C. One strain was a unique recombinant between CRF01_AE and subtype B, and another was a complex unique recombinant between subtype A and D. The final strain was a member of a complex circulating recombinant first identified in Senegal, CRF09_cpx, incorporating subtypes A, F, G, and an unclassified genome. This diversity of non-B subtype HIV-1 strains, encompassing three globally prevalent non-B strains and including rare or even possibly unique strains, illustrates the breadth of U.S. military exposure while deployed and sets the bar higher for breadth of cross-subtype protection to be afforded by an HIV-1 vaccine.
authors.affiliation: US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA.
authors.forename: Sodsai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tovanabutra
authors.forename: Stephanie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Brodine
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Mascola
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sankale
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sanders-Buell
authors.forename: Bohye
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Birx
authors.forename: Francine E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: McCutchan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D014481:United States