title: Late steroid withdrawal for renal transplant recipients on tacrolimus and MMF is safe.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a study to assess the safety of staged, late steroid withdrawal in kidney or kidney/pancreas transplant recipients on steroids, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 50 patients including 33 recipients of cadaveric kidneys, eight living donor kidneys, and nine kidney-pancreas transplants. The mean time posttransplantation was 5.1 years (range 2.1 to 7.9 years). All patients were induced on prednisolone, tacrolimus, and MMF; steroids were withdrawn over 5 to 6 months. The rate of steroid reduction was altered in the face of typical steroid withdrawal symptoms (limb-girdle arthralgia/myalgia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No rejection episodes occurred during steroid withdrawal. No patient required transplant biopsy for graft dysfunction. Six patients failed steroid withdrawal: five due to arthralgia/myalgia and one due to recurrent pulmonary sarcoidosis. The unexplained rise in serum creatinine following steroid withdrawal described in several other steroid withdrawal studies was not observed in this patient cohort. The mean serum creatinine was 137 micromol/L with deltacreatinine -6.8 micromol/y per year prior to steroid cessation versus 132 micromol/L with deltacreatinine -5.9 micromol/y in the year post-steroid cessation. There were 14 patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus in this cohort: eight on gliclazide and six on insulin. We observed a reduction in their daily insulin/gliclazide requirements from 52 units to 41 units, and 73 mg to 65 mg, respectively. Two patients became gliclazide-independent at the time of steroid cessation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Careful steroid withdrawal from a platform of tacrolimus and MMF is safe and not associated with a significant risk of rejection or graft dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Renal and Transplant Unit, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK. mloucaidou@doctors.net.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loucaidou
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borrows
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cairns
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffith
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papalois
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Taube
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: McLean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012449:Safety; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D016559:Tacrolimus