title: Sound blending in the brain: a functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation.
abstract: The presence of high levels of background noise is a serious concern for functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of phonological processing using conventional methods. As a result, many such studies have focused on phonological units larger than phonemes (e.g. syllables) or used stimuli presented in the visual (e.g. printed letters) rather than the auditory domain. We used a recently developed functional magnetic resonance imaging method to present spoken stimuli without the scanner's background noise. Young adult participants mentally blended phonemes in a series (e.g. /b/, /ae/, /t/), counted the number of discrete tones, or rested. Relative to tone counting, sound blending elicited activation in bilateral temporal and prefrontal cortices with left asymmetry. Activation within the dorsoposterior inferior frontal gyrus, a subregion of Broca's area, was negatively correlated with sound-blending accuracy. Our findings are consistent with prior studies ascribing a role of general sequencing, motor and articulatory programming, and vocal or subvocal articulatory rehearsal to this brain region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. peter.chiu@uc.edu
authors.forename: C-Y Peter
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chiu
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coen-Cummings
authors.forename: Vincent J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Schmithorst
authors.forename: Scott K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Holland
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Keith
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nabors
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Hope
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rozier
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D013016:Sound; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen