title: Immunological patterns identifying disease course and evolution in multiple sclerosis patients.
abstract: Reliable, and easy to measure, immunological markers able to denote disease characteristics in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are still lacking. We applied a multivariate statistical analysis on results obtained by measuring-by real-time RT-PCR-mRNA levels of 25 immunological relevant molecules in PBMCs from 198 MS patients. The combined measurement of mRNA levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, CCL20 and CCR3 was able to distinguish MS patients from healthy individuals. CXCR5, CCL5, and CCR3 combined mRNA levels identify primary progressive MS patients while TNF-alpha, IL-10, CXCL10 and CCR3 differentiate relapsing MS patients. Our results indicate that multi-parametric analysis of mRNA levels of immunological relevant molecules in PBMCs may represent a successful strategy for the identification of putative peripheral markers of disease state and disease activity in MS patients.
authors.affiliation: Neuroimmunology Unit, San Raffaele, Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 58, 20132 Milan, Italy. furlan.roberto@hsr.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlan
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinelli Boneschi
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khademi
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergami
authors.forename: Maira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gironi
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deleidi
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Agosta
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Franciotta
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Scarpini
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Uccelli
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaffaroni
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurne
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Gianvito
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016014:Linear Models; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology*; D020528:Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C108355:CCL20 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C515350:CCR3 protein, human; C095085:CXCR5 protein, human; D054418:Chemokine CCL20; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D007375:Interleukin-1; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D054397:Receptors, CCR3; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D018121:Receptors, Cytokine; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha