title: Immuno-stimulating effect of the endo-polysaccharide produced by submerged culture of Inonotus obliquus.
abstract: Inonotus obliquus BELYU1102 was selected from 12 different strains of Inonotus as a producer of immuno-stimulating polysaccharide. After a batch fermentation of I. obliquus BELYU1102 was carried out in a 300 l pilot vessel, endo-polysaccharide and exo-polysaccharide were both obtained. The proliferation activity of endo-polysaccharide for splenic cells was much higher than the activity of exo-polysaccharide. The active endo-polysaccharide was produced primarily during the late stationary phase. Enhanced proliferation and polyclonal IgM antibody production were observed in B cells by purified water-soluble endo-polysaccharide. Nitrite production and expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and iNOS in macrophages were also enhanced. However, the endo-polysaccharide did not affect the proliferation of T cells, the IL-2 expression of Th1 cells, or the IL-4 expression of Th2 cells. The endo-polysaccharide showed activities similar to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for B cells and macrophages, but there was a large difference between the two polysaccharides because cellular activations induced by endo-polysaccharide were not affected by polymyxin B, a specific inhibitor of LPS. The endo-polysaccharide appeared to have other cellular binding sites with TLR-4 and did not show a direct toxicity against tumor cells. However, indirect anti-cancer effects via immuno-stimulation were observed. The mycelial endo-polysaccharide of I. obliquus is a candidate for use as an immune response modifier. Submerged mycelial cultures are advantageous for industrial production of polysaccharides.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemoon-gu, Seoul 120-749, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yong Ook
authors.initials: YO
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sang Bae
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Hong Woen
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyo Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Yeo Dae
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Joon Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Hwan Mook
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Chul Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D001487:Basidiomycota / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012995:Solubility; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D003470:Culture Media; D016207:Cytokines; D009573:Nitrites; D011134:Polysaccharides