title: Expression of transcription factor Yin Yang 1 in prostate cancer.
abstract: The transcription repressor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is expressed in several human cancer cell lines and its expression correlates with resistance to immune-mediated apoptosis. This study used tissue microarrays to investigate the expression and localization of YY1 in 1364 representative tissue samples from 246 hormone naive prostate cancer patients who underwent radical prostatectomy. Staining intensity and frequency measures for both YY1 nuclear and cytoplasmic expression were higher in neoplastic tissues and in PIN samples compared to matched benign cells (p < 0.0001 for all comparisons). Expression of YY1 is predominantly elevated in early malignancy (PIN), as well as in tumors of intermediate to high morphologic grade (Gleason's grade 3-5). Using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, we observed that low nuclear YY1 staining is an independent predictor of a shorter time to recurrence (p = 0.012). Based on these results, we hypothesize that YY1 may play a role in prostate cancer development; however, decreased YY1 may give metastatic cells a survival advantage. These results may also implicate YY1 as a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Seligson
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Huerta-Yepez
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Hermes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Garban
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xueli
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: Lee
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goodglick
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonavida
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D012008:Recurrence; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D050981:Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050986:YY1 Transcription Factor; C494698:YY1 protein, human