title: Implementation intentions, perfectionism, and goal progress: perhaps the road to hell is paved with good intentions.
abstract: Two studies explored whether perfectionism moderates the impact of implementation intentions on goal progress. Study 1 used an implementation intention manipulation to examine the effects of these plans in interaction with perfectionism on the progress of New Year's resolutions. Study 2 added a repeated implementation intention condition and monitored affect and monthly goal progress. The results of both studies revealed a significant backfire effect of the implementation intentions on goal progress for participants high on a particular dimension of perfectionism (socially prescribed perfectionism). These perfectionists reported doing significantly worse at reaching their personal goals when they were asked to formulate implementation intentions than when they completed a control exercise. There also was evidence that implementation planning aroused negative affect for socially prescribed perfectionists. These results are the first to suggest that implementation planning may be contra-indicated for individuals with self-critical tendencies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, 02747-2300, USA. tpowers@umassd.edu
authors.forename: Theodore A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koestner
authors.forename: Raluca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Topciu
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D033182:Intention; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010551:Personality; D020377:Self Efficacy