title: Activation-loop autophosphorylation is mediated by a novel transitional intermediate form of DYRKs.
abstract: Autophosphorylation of a critical residue in the activation loop of several protein kinases is an essential maturation event required for full enzyme activity. However, the molecular mechanism by which this happens is unknown. We addressed this question for two dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated protein kinases (DYRKs), as they autophosphorylate their activation loop on an essential tyrosine but phosphorylate their substrates on serine and threonine. Here we demonstrate that autophosphorylation of the critical activation-loop tyrosine is intramolecular and mediated by the nascent kinase passing through a transitory intermediate form. This DYRK intermediate differs in residue and substrate specificity, as well as sensitivity to small-molecule inhibitors, compared with its mature counterpart. The intermediate's characteristics are lost upon completion of translation, making the critical tyrosine autophosphorylation a "one-off" inceptive event. This mechanism is likely to be shared with other kinases.
authors.affiliation: The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, Scotland, United Kingdom. p.lochhead@beatson.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lochhead
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sibbet
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Morrice
authors.forename: Vaughn
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cleghon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007313:Insecta; D010766:Phosphorylation; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012694:Serine / Q000378:metabolism; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013912:Threonine / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D012694:Serine; D013912:Threonine; D014443:Tyrosine; D000097603:Dyrk Kinases; C092066:mnb protein, Drosophila; C502549:DYRK2 protein, Drosophila