The factors associated to psychosocial stress among general practitioners in Lithuania. Cross-sectional study.
BACKGROUND
There are number of studies showing that general practice is one of the most stressful workplace among health care workers. Since Baltic States regained independence in 1990, the reform of the health care system took place in which new role and more responsibilities were allocated to general practitioners' in Lithuania. This study aimed to explore the psychosocial stress level among Lithuanian general practitioner's and examine the relationship between psychosocial stress and work characteristics.


METHODS
The cross-sectional study of 300 Lithuanian General practitioners. Psychosocial stress was investigated with a questionnaire based on the Reeder scale. Job demands were investigated with the R. Karasek scale. The analysis included descriptive statistics; interrelationship analysis between characteristics and multivariate logistic regression to estimate odds ratios for each of the independent variables in the model.


RESULTS
Response rate 66% (N = 197). Our study highlighted highest prevalence of psychosocial stress among widowed, single and female general practitioners. Lowest prevalence of psychosocial stress was among males and older age general practitioners. Psychosocial stress occurs when job demands are high and job decision latitude is low (chi2 = 18,9; p < 0,01). The multivariate analysis shows that high job demands (OR 4,128; CI 2,102-8,104; p < 0,001), patient load more than 18 patients per day (OR 5,863; CI 1,549-22,188; p < 0,01) and young age of GP's (OR 6,874; CI 1,292-36,582; p < 0,05) can be assigned as significant predictors for psychosocial stress.


CONCLUSIONS
One half of respondents suffering from work related psychosocial stress. High psychological workload demands combined with low decision latitude has the greatest impact to stress caseness among GP's. High job demands, high patient load and young age of GP's can be assigned as significant predictors of psychosocial stress among GP's.
Vanagas
Giedrius
G
Preventive Medicine dept., Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Eiveniu 4, Lithuania. vanagas@kmu.lt
Bihari-Axelsson
Susanna
S
D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008097:Lithuania / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D010821:Physicians, Family / Q000523:psychology*; D011216:Practice Management, Medical; D017009:Professional Autonomy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016526:Workload / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data