title: Salvage, dose intense and high-dose chemotherapy for the treatment of poor prognosis or recurrent germ cell tumours.
abstract: Most patients with metastatic testicular cancer are cured with cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens. However, about 20-30% of patients with poor-risk germ cell tumours either fail to respond adequately or relapse after initial complete response. In an attempt to improve the treatment results, several phase II studies of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and haematopoeitic stem cell support were performed initially in refractory or heavily pre-treated patients with germ cell tumours (GCT). Long-term disease-free survival (DFS) has been reported in nearly 13% (range 0-35%) of the patients in this group. Subsequently, HDCT trials have been conducted in first relapse; long-term DFS has been seen in 45% of the patients in these trials (range 21-67%). HDCT has also been evaluated in the first-line treatment of poor-risk GCTs; long-term DFS was achieved in 52% of the patients in this group (range 36-84%). Despite these encouraging results, a French randomised trial has failed to demonstrate any advantage of HDCT in the first-line treatment of poor-risk GCTs and thus the place of HDCT in routine practice remains uncertain. A number of randomised trials of HDCT are currently ongoing in the United States and Europe to better define the role of HDCT in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Clinical Oncology, Cancer Research Centre, Weston Park Hospital, Whitham Road, Sheffield S10 2SJ, UK.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El-Helw
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Coleman
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D018237:Germinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011379:Prognosis; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016879:Salvage Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; D000077150:Oxaliplatin; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D017239:Paclitaxel; D007069:Ifosfamide; D000093542:Gemcitabine