title: Exposure to bisphenol A is associated with recurrent miscarriage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the influence of high exposure to bisphenol A on recurrent miscarriage and immunoendocrine abnormalities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum bisphenol A, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs), antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), natural killer cell (NK) activity, prolactin, progesterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4 were examined in 45 patients with a history of three or more (3-11) consecutive first-trimester miscarriages and 32 healthy women with no history of live birth and infertility. Subsequent pregnancy outcome and embryonic karyotype of abortuses were examined prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean+/-SD values for bisphenol A in patients were 2.59+/-5.23 ng/ml, significantly higher than the 0.77+/-0.38 ng/ml found for control women (P=0.024). High exposure to bisphenol A was associated with the presence of ANAs but not hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinaemia, luteal phase defects, NK cell activity or aPLs. A high level of bisphenol A in itself did not predict subsequent miscarriage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to bisphenol A is associated with recurrent miscarriage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan. og.mym@med.nagoya-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Mayumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiura-Ogasawara
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Shin-ichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonta
authors.forename: Tsunehisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzumori
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000276:immunology; D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; D011374:Progesterone; D011388:Prolactin; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds