title: Stabilizing effects of ankle bracing under a combination of inversion and axial compression loading.
abstract: The combined effects of bracing, axial compression and inversion rotation on the ankle-subtalar complexes were evaluated. Ex vivo tests under the load-controlled condition were performed on six cadaver ankle specimens using a six degree-of-freedom fixture. Inversion rotation was measured while subjecting the ankle-subtalar complex to a 2.5 N-m inversion moment and a combination of the testing variables (brace type, no brace, 178 N axial compression load, no compression load, 0 degrees and 20 degrees of plantar flexion) for a total of 16 tests per specimen. Three commercially available braces (two semirigid types and one lace up type) were evaluated. An axial compression load significantly decreased ankle-subtalar motion in unbraced ankles for the tested inversion moment. The contribution of bracing to stabilization of the ankle was smaller in the axial loading condition than in the no axial loading condition. The semirigid braces had greater stabilizing effects in response to the inversion moment than the lace up brace. Stabilizing effects of bracing were significantly greater in 20 degrees of plantar flexion than in 0 degrees of plantar flexion. The most common mechanism for an ankle sprain injury is inversion rotation on a weight-bearing ankle. Therefore, we should not overestimate stabilizing effects of bracing from evaluations of bracing without axial compression loading.
authors.affiliation: Department Sports Medicine and Joint Reconstruction Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita-15 Nishi-7 Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. tohyama@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Harukazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Beynnon
authors.forename: Per A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Renstrom
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001915:Braces; D002102:Cadaver; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D012399:Rotation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013380:Subtalar Joint / Q000502:physiology; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology