Soluble adhesion molecules in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome.
To investigate the immune-mediated response in TS, and its relationship with streptococcal infection, we measured serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin in patients with TS, compared to healthy and diseased controls. Soluble VCAM-1 and sE-selectin were significantly elevated in children and adults with TS, and sVCAM-1 was higher among anti-basal ganglia antibodies (ABGA)-positive adults with TS. No correlation of adhesion molecule levels to clinical severity or anti-streptococcal antibodies was observed. Children with Sydenham's chorea and paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) showed an increased level of sICAM-1, but not sVCAM-1 and sE-selectin. These results provide initial evidence for a role of adhesion molecules and systemic inflammation in TS, and support the hypothesis of an ongoing immune-mediated process in this condition.
Martino
D
D
Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. davidemartino@virgilio.it
Church
A J
AJ
Defazio
G
G
Dale
R C
RC
Quinn
N P
NP
Robertson
M M
MM
Livrea
P
P
Orth
M
M
Giovannoni
G
G
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000276:immunology; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000097:blood; D003710:Demography; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D049690:History, Ancient; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin / Q000097:blood; D005879:Tourette Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D015599:Trauma Severity Indices
D000906:Antibodies; C496871:CUL5 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D044842:Cullin Proteins; D019040:E-Selectin; D017483:Receptors, Vasopressin; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1