title: Patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and negative duodenal ulcers have distinct clinical characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical characteristics of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) negative duodenal ulcer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with an endoscopic diagnosis of duodenal ulcer between 1996 and 2002 were included in the present study. Patients were considered to be negative for H pylori, if both histological examination and rapid urease test of biopsy specimens were negative. A comparison was made between patients with H pylori positive and negative duodenal ulcers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1 343 patients were studied. Their mean age was 54.7+/-0.5 years. There was a male preponderance (M:F=2.5:1). Three hundred and ninety-eight patients (29.6%) did not have H pylori infection. The annual proportion of patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcers increased progressively from 1996 to 2002. On multivariate analysis, patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcer were more likely to be older, have concomitant medical problem, pre-existing malignancy, recent surgery, underlying sepsis, or taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In terms of clinical presentations, patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcer were more likely to present with bleeding, multiple ulcers and larger ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of patients with H pylori negative duodenal ulcers is on the rise because of a continued drop in incidence of H pylori positive duodenal ulcers in recent years. Such patients have distinct clinical characteristics and it is important to ascertain the H pylori status before starting eradication therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China. chukm@hku.hk
authors.forename: Kent-Man
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Ka-Fai
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Kam-Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D018450:Disease Progression; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male