title: Multiple roles of Rbx1 in the VBC-Cul2 ubiquitin ligase complex.
abstract: The importance of the ubiquitin system largely depends on ubiquitin ligases, E3s, as they determine the specificity of the system. Rbx1/ROC1/Hrt1, a RING finger protein, functions as an important component of the cullin-containing SCF and VBC-Cul2 ligases. Modification of cullins by NEDD8 (NEDDylation), has been shown to be essential for the E3 activity of both SCF and VBC-Cul2, and it was suggested that Rbx1 acts as the E3 for cullin NEDDylation. RING finger is composed of eight cysteine and histidine residues that bind to zinc ions. Rbx1 is a highly evolutionarily conserved protein; however, the eighth coordination residue in its RING finger is aspartate (D97) rather than cysteine. Substitution of D97 with each of the other 19 amino acids demonstrates that aspartate is superior to cysteine in cullin NEDDylation. Interestingly, however, different D97 mutants demonstrate different activities towards 6 cullins tested. Importantly, we were able to discriminate between the NEDDylating activity of Rbx1 and its involvement in the ubiquitylation reaction within the context of VBC-Cul2. Moreover, while Rbx1 is not involved in governing the stability of SCF, Rbx1 mutants destabilize VBC-Cul2. Taken together, these results indicate that various mechanisms regulate both the activities and the stability of cullin-based ligases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahi-Machi, Abeno-Ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Megumi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyauchi
authors.forename: Hitomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nobeyama
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lorick
authors.forename: Eijiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Allan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Takayoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kirisako
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwai
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D044842:Cullin Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000075687:NEDD8 Protein; D011485:Protein Binding; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C105153:CUL2 protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D044842:Cullin Proteins; D000075687:NEDD8 Protein; C082860:NEDD8 protein, human; C479529:RBX1 protein, human; D025801:Ubiquitin; D014452:Ubiquitins; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases