Efficacy and toxicity of self-polishing biocide-free antifouling paints.
The ban on harmful substances in antifouling paints requires the development of new antifouling strategies. Alternatives should be as effective as conventional paints but of lower toxicity. In the present study two commercially available, self-polishing antifouling paints were examined in order to get information on their antifouling properties and toxicological potential. Efficacy was shown in settlement assays with the marine barnacle species Balanus amphitrite, however, efficacy was related to toxic effects observed on target and non-target organisms. Toxicity of the paint extracts was concentration-dependent and differed according to the paint and the species investigated. Toxicity could at least partially be attributed to zinc leached from the paints. Effects of a water-soluble paint were more pronounced in larvae of B. amphitrite, Artemia salina and in the green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta. Embryos of the freshwater species Danio rerio and Vibrio fisheri were more affected by a paint based on organic solvents.
Löschau
Margit
M
Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Technischen Umweltschutz, Sekretariat CR1, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. loeschau@ut.tu-berlin.de
Krätke
Renate
R
D048908:Aliivibrio fischeri; D000818:Animals; D056890:Eukaryota; D007814:Larva; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D010150:Paint / Q000633:toxicity*; D010571:Pest Control; D010575:Pesticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D012623:Seawater; D001468:Thoracica; D023382:Toxicity Tests, Acute; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D015027:Zebrafish; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity
D010575:Pesticides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D015032:Zinc