title: Identification of the cyclic-nucleotide-binding domain as a conserved determinant of ion-channel cell-surface localization.
abstract: Mutations of a putative cyclic-nucleotide-binding domain (CNBD) can disrupt the function of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel (HCN2) and the human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channel (HERG). Loss of function caused by C-terminal truncation, which includes all or part of the CNBD in HCN and HERG, has been related to abnormal channel trafficking. Similar defects have been reported for several of the missense mutations of HERG associated with long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2). Thus, we postulate that normal processing of these channels depends upon the presence of the CNBD. Here, we show that removal of the entire CNBD prevents Golgi transit, surface localization and function of HERG channel tetramers. This is also true when any of the structural motifs of the CNBD is deleted, suggesting that deletion of any highly conserved region along the entire length of the CNBD can disrupt channel trafficking. Furthermore, we demonstrate that defective trafficking is a consequence of all LQT2 mutations in the CNBD, including two mutations not previously assessed and two others for which there are conflicting results in the literature. The trafficking sensitivity of the CNBD might be of general significance for other ion channels because complete deletion of the CNBD or mutations at highly conserved residues within the CNBD of the related ERG3 channel and HCN2 also prevent Golgi transit. These results broadly implicate the CNBD in ion-channel trafficking that accounts for the commonly observed loss of function associated with CNBD mutants and provides a rationale for distinct genetic disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, McGill University, 3655 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akhavan
authors.forename: Roxana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Atanasiu
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Natasha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Holder
authors.forename: Alvin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shrier
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000235:genetics; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008133:Long QT Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015221:Potassium Channels; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000072237:ERG1 Potassium Channel; D051638:Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels; C578710:HCN2 protein, human; D064428:Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; C000606913:KCNH2 protein, human; C486376:KCNH7 protein, human; D009711:Nucleotides; D015221:Potassium Channels