title: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plasma levels as a new useful clinical biomarker of oxidative stress in patients with end-stage renal disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We wanted to study the imbalance between antioxidant and oxidant generating systems resulting in oxidative stress (SOX) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD). We suggest that the plasma levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) may be a new, sensitive marker of SOX in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured the levels of Cu/Zn SOD and the traditional SOX markers-malondialdehyde (MDA), total peroxide, and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (OxLDL-Ab) in the plasma of 132 uremic patients. In addition, circulating enzyme levels were analyzed in relation to the inflammation and presence of diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cu/Zn SOD levels were significantly higher in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients (P < 0.05), and in both dialyzed groups (both P < 0.001) than in controls, and were positively correlated with MDA, creatinine (both P < 0.001) and OxLDL-Ab (P < 0.01) in the whole uremic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The plasma levels of Cu/Zn SOD may be a simple, sensitive marker of SOX in ESRD, independent from DM and inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, 14 Zurawia Street, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland. krystynapawlak@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000201:enzymology; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D012044:Regression Analysis; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase