Regulatory T cells induced by ultraviolet radiation.
Regulatory T cells belong to a subset of T lymphocytes which suppress immune reactions in an antigen-specific fashion. They play an important role in the prevention of autoimmune diseases. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation was also found to suppress the immune system in an antigen-specific fashion mediated by UV-induced regulatory T cells. Induction of these cells by UV radiation is an active process which requires antigen presentation by UV-damaged but still viable Langerhans cells in the lymph nodes. UV-induced regulatory T cells have been recently characterized to express CD4 and CD25 and to release the immunosuppressive cytokine interleukin-10 upon activation. Once activated in an antigen-specific fashion, they suppress immune responses in a general fashion via the release of interleukin-10, a phenomenon called bystander suppression. Upon intravenous injection, UV-induced regulatory T cells primarily migrate into the lymph nodes, explaining why they preferentially suppress sensitization. Recently, the development of regulatory T cells was demonstrated in an experimental model of photopheresis, a therapeutic regimen which is used for the therapy of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Further characterization of these cells will determine whether they can be applied therapeutically in the future with the ultimate aim to induce specific immunosuppression.
Schwarz
Thomas
T
Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany. tschwarz@dermatology.uni-kiel.de
D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology / Q000528:radiation effects; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays