title: Radiation scattering to the primary surgeon during closed locked femoral nailing.
abstract: A prospective study of the radiation exposure to the primary surgeon during closed static locked femoral nailing was performed in 50 cases. There were 44 males and 6 females whose ages ranged from 15 to 70 years (average, 32). The degree of fracture comminution was classified by Winquist. The cases included 1 Winquist (WQ)1, 9 WQ2, 27 WQ3 and 13 WQ4. The Grosse-Kempf femoral nail was used in 40 cases and the AO interlocking femoral nail was used in 10 cases. The C-arm image intensifier model Phillip BV212 and BV 300 were used during the present study. The average operation time was 52 minutes (range, 30 to 120). The fluoroscopic time for the entire procedure average 132 seconds (range, 23 to 366). The radiation exposure to the primary surgeon ranged from 2 to 231 micro-Sv with an average of 30 micro-Sv per procedure. From the present study, it was found that radiation scattered to the primary surgeon during current practice for closed static femoral nailing using the recent model of C-arm image intensifier was minimal and far below the permissible dose. It was also found that the group using the C-arm model BV 300 (n = 16) had significant lesser fluoroscopic time and less radiation scattering to the primary surgeon than the group with model BV 212 (n = 34).
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Banchong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mahaisavariya
authors.forename: Panupan
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Songcharoen
authors.forename: Kongkhet
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riansuwan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000601:surgery*; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011834:Radiation Monitoring; D012542:Scattering, Radiation