title: Immunohistochemical co-localization of lymphatics and blood vessels in oral squamous cell carcinomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Differentiating lymphatic vessels from blood vessels is difficult, partly due to the lack of a specific method for identifying lymphatics. A new lymphatic vessel-reactive antibody, D2-40 has recently become commercially available. We examined the selectivity of D2-40 for lymphatics in oral neoplastic lesions for discrimination from blood vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of oral lymphangiomas (n = 3), oral hemangiomas (n = 7), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC, n = 46) were double immunostained with D2-40 and anti-CD34 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) using ENVISION-polymer technique with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl-phosphate (BCIP)/nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) as color reagents, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the oral lymphangiomas and hemangiomas D2-40 was detected in all lymphatics, while all blood vessels were positive for CD34. In OSCC, number of vessels for lymphatics (P < 0.01) and for blood vessels in the perineoplastic areas were significantly greater than those in intratumoral areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that lymphatic proliferation might be much more extensive in the peritumoral area than intratumoral.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Xuan
authors.forename: Yi-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wato
authors.forename: Shintaro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D015100:3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D005260:Female; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles; D008202:Lymphangioma / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D042601:Lymphatic Vessels / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007211:Indoles; C500987:monoclonal antibody D2-40; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; D015100:3,3'-Diaminobenzidine; C035455:5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indoxyl phosphate