title: Time ordering in frontal lobe patients: a stochastic model approach.
abstract: Frontal lobe patients reproduced a sequence of capital letters or abstract shapes. Immediate and delayed reproduction trials allowed the analysis of short- and long-term memory for time order by means of suitable Markov chain stochastic models. Patients were as proficient as healthy subjects on the immediate reproduction trial, thus showing spared encoding and short-term memory. They failed, instead, on the delayed trials with capital letters, but not with random shapes, suggesting that their long-term memory impairment did not depend on primary deficits for ordering, but on inability to benefit from the organisational strategies that improve the retention and retrieval in normal subjects.
authors.affiliation: Universita di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Clinica Neurologica, Modena, Italy.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Magherini
authors.forename: Maria Cristina
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Saetti
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berta
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Botti
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Faglioni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002541:Cerebral Decortication; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008390:Markov Chains; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000502:physiology*; D008959:Models, Neurological; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D012691:Serial Learning / Q000502:physiology*; D013998:Time Perception / Q000502:physiology