title: Movement preparation is affected by tissue damage in multiple sclerosis: evidence from EEG event-related desynchronization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the impact of brain tissue damage in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on the efficiency of programming of voluntary movement, assessed using event-related desynchronization of the EEG.
  
  
  METHODS
  The onset latency of mu ERD (percent desyncronization of the mu rhythm preceding movement onset) to hand movement was studied in 34 MS patients. ERD onset was compared with normative data and correlated with T1 and T2 total lesion volume (TLV) at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  ERD onset latency was significantly correlated with T1-TLV (r = 0.53, P = 0.001) and T2 lesion load (r = 0.5, P = 0.003), even after correcting for disability. Patients with higher T1-TLV had significantly delayed ERD onset compared with normal subjects and with patients with lower T1-TLV; patients with higher T2-TLV had significantly delayed ERD compared with normal subjects only. ERD onset latency was not correlated to clinical disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our finding of delayed ERD onset in patients with more severe measures of brain damage, independently from clinical disability, suggests that functional cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical connections underlying the expression of ERD during programming of voluntary movement are disrupted by the MS related pathological process. Further, studies are needed to evaluate the role of specific anatomical cortico-subcortical circuits in determining this abnormality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of brain lesion load in multiple sclerosis affects cortical changes related to motor preparation, detected by analysis of onset latency of event-related desynchronization (ERD) of the mu rhythm to self-paced movement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology and Neurorehabilitation, Scientific Institute, Hospital San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy. leocani.letizia@hsr.it
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Leocani
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rovaris
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martinelli-Boneschi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Annovazzi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Comi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001925:Brain Damage, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004525:Efferent Pathways / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology