title: Long-term stability of improved language functions in chronic aphasia after constraint-induced aphasia therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In response to the established notion that improvement of language functions in chronic aphasia only can be achieved through long-term treatment, we examined the efficacy of a short-term, intensive language training, constraint-induced aphasia therapy (CIAT). This program is founded on the learning principles of prevention of compensatory communication (constraint), massed practice, and shaping (induced).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-seven patients with chronic aphasia received 30 hours of training over 10 days. Twelve patients were trained with the CIAT program. For 15 patients the training included a module of written language and an additional training in everyday communication, which involved the assistance of family members (CIATplus). Outcome measures included standardized neurolinguistic testing and ratings of the quality and the amount of daily communication.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Language functions improved significantly after training for both groups and remained stable over a 6-month follow-up period. Single case analyses revealed statistically significant improvements in 85% of the patients. Patients and relatives of both groups rated the quality and amount of communication as improved after therapy. This increase was more pronounced for patients of the group CIATplus in the follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results confirm that a short-term intense language training, based on learning principles, can lead to substantial and lasting improvements in language functions in chronic aphasia. The use of family and friends in the training provides an additional valuable element. This effective intervention can be successfully used in the rehabilitation of chronic aphasia patients. Additionally, its short-term design makes it economically attractive for service providers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. marcus.meinzer@uni-konstanz.de
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meinzer
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Djundja
authors.forename: Gabriela
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Barthel
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Elbert
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rockstroh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001037:Aphasia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D003142:Communication; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D007808:Language Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012046:Rehabilitation; D013060:Speech; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome