title: Extension of radiofrequency ablation of the liver by transcatheter arterial embolization with iodized oil and gelatin sponge: results in a pig model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with iodized oil and gelatin sponge particles can be used to expand radiofrequency (RF)-induced coagulation necrosis, the morphology and histologic characteristics of ablation lesions were evaluated in the normal pig liver after three different TAE procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten consecutive animals with 33 ablation lesions produced with an RF ablation system were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups and a control group: a group treated with TAE with iodized oil, a group treated with TAE with gelatin sponge, a group treated with TAE with iodized oil and gelatin sponge, and a control group in which TAE was not performed. After the completion of ablation, the lesions were excised for gross and histologic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The longest and shortest diameters of ablation lesions were greatest in the group treated with TAE with iodized oil and gelatin sponge, followed by the groups treated with TAE with gelatin sponge and TAE with iodized oil (P < .05 vs controls, respectively). The hemorrhagic rim was also widest in the group treated with TAE with iodized oil and gelatin sponge (P < .05 vs controls), and it spread toward the liver periphery like a segmental hemorrhagic area adjacent to the ablation lesion. Histochemical staining for lactate dehydrogenase, maleate dehydrogenase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase showed what appeared to be 100% cellular destruction in all the ablation lesions and their hemorrhagic rims.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RF ablation combined with TAE with iodized oil and gelatin sponge induces the greatest area of coagulation necrosis accompanied by peripherally spreading segmental necrosis in normal pig liver tissue.
authors.affiliation: Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama 232-0024, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimori
authors.forename: Akinori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nozawa
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto
authors.forename: Kazuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shirato
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kokawa
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: Katsuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007459:Iodized Oil