title: Effect of vitamin E TPGS on immune response to nasally delivered diphtheria toxoid loaded poly(caprolactone) microparticles.
abstract: The nasal mucosa has many advantages as a potential site for drug and vaccine delivery. The present study has sought to exploit this route of delivery using microparticles composed of D-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) as a matrix material blended with poly(caprolactone) for nasal immunisation with diphtheria toxoid. Particles were prepared by a double emulsion method, followed by spray drying and the effect of TPGS on size, zeta potential, loading and release of antigen was assessed. Particles composed of TPGS-PCL blends were spherical, smooth and monodisperse, displaying increasing yields after spray drying with increasing concentrations of TPGS. The immune response to diphtheria toxoid loaded PCL-TPGS microspheres after nasal administration was shown to be higher than that achieved using PCL microspheres alone. We conclude that TPGS shows significant potential as a novel adjuvant either alone or in combination with an appropriate delivery system.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Delivery Group, Centre for Drug Delivery Research, University of London, School of Pharmacy, University of London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Somavarapu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pandit
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gradassi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bandera
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ravichandran
authors.forename: Oya H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Alpar
mesh_terms: D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003890:Desiccation; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D004655:Emulsions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008863:Microspheres; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D004655:Emulsions; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D011091:Polyesters; D014810:Vitamin E; C016240:polycaprolactone; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; C014225:tocophersolan