title: Differential monoaminergic, neuroendocrine and behavioural responses after central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 1 and type 2 agonists.
abstract: Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mediates various aspects of the stress response. To differentiate between the roles of CRF(1) and CRF(2) receptor subtypes in monoaminergic neurotransmission, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity and behaviour we compared the effects of CRF and urocortin 1 with those of the selective CRF(2) receptor ligands urocortin 2 and urocortin 3. In vivo microdialysis in the rat hippocampus was used to assess free corticosterone, extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA), and their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), respectively. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of CRF and urocortin 1, 2 and 3 (1.0 microg) increased hippocampal levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA. CRF and urocortin 1 increased NA and MHPG, whereas urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 elevated MHPG, but not NA levels. CRF and the urocortins induced an immediate increase in behavioural activity. CRF and urocortin 1 mainly caused grooming and exploratory behaviour. In contrast, urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 both induced exploratory behaviour, but not grooming, and increased time spent eating food pellets. All urocortins, but not CRF, suppressed food intake 4-6 h after injection. Hippocampal free corticosterone levels were elevated by CRF, urocortin 1 and 3, but not by urocortin 2. The time courses of the CRF- and urocortin 1-induced responses were significantly prolonged as compared to those of the CRF(2) receptor ligands. The stimulatory changes evoked by CRF and urocortin 1 were present up to 4-6 h after injection, whereas the effects of urocortin 2 and urocortin 3 returned to baseline within 2.5 h after injection. Pre-treatment with the selective antagonist antisauvagine-30 (5.0 microg, i.c.v.) confirmed that the effects of urocortin 3 were CRF(2) receptor-mediated. The differential time course of the monoaminergic, neuroendocrine and behavioural effects of CRF and urocortin 1, as compared to urocortin 2 and urocortin 3, and the specific behavioural pattern induced by the CRF(2) receptor ligands, suggest a distinct role for CRF(2) receptors in the stress response.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Section of Neurochemistry, Munich, Germany. Lott.de-Groote@bristol.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lotte
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: de Groote
authors.forename: Rosana G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Peñalva
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flachskamm
authors.forename: Johannes M H M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reul
authors.forename: Astrid C E
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Linthorst
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D054832:Urocortins; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; C101531:CRF receptor type 2; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D054832:Urocortins; C518358:urocortin 2, mouse; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone