title: [Air pollution and fatal and non fatal coronary events in Rome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between air pollution and coronary events in Rome in the period 1998-2000, considering both out-of-hospital deaths and hospitalisations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time-series of daily counts of out-of-hospital deaths and hospitalised events, implementation of Generalised Additive Models.
  
  
  METHODS
  The air pollutants taken into account were PNC (Particle Number Concentration--a measure of ultrafine particles), PM10, CO, NO2, SO2 and O3. The association was studied with respect to either single days or the cumulative effect on more consecutive days; furthermore, effect modification by age was tested (for the age groups 0-64, 65-74 and 75+).
  
  
  METHODS
  People resident of Rome and died/hospitalised for coronary causes into the city in the period 1998-2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Association between pollutants and out-of-hospital deaths/hospitalised events. Distinction between fatal events (out-of-hospital deaths + hospitalisations with death within 28 days of admission) and non fatal events (hospitalisations with survival longer than 28 days).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant association between PNC, PM10, and CO with out-of-hospital deaths, smaller effect on hospitalised events. For a variation of PNC of 28000 particles per cm3 (interquartile range of the distribution) the increase in the risk of out-of-hospital coronary death at lag 0 was 8.1%; for hospital admissions, the risk increased by 4%. The association was stronger in subjects older than 65, and was more evident for total fatal events than for non-fatal hospitalisations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed increased risks of coronary events associated with air pollution in Rome: ultrafine particles, directly generated by vehicular traffic, are the environmental indicator which best characterizes the health risk.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di epidemiologia, ASL RM E, Roma.
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stafoggia
authors.forename: Sally
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Picciotto
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Forastiere
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Ippoliti
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cattani
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Marconi
authors.forename: Carlo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Perucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged