title: Sexually transmitted diseases and other urogenital conditions as risk factors for prostate cancer: a case--control study in Wayne County, Michigan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between prostate cancer and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and vasectomy in a population-based case-control study in Wayne County, Michigan, among African American and white men aged 50--74 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident prostate cancer cases (n=700) from 1996--1998 were identified from the Metropolitan Detroit Cancer Surveillance System. Controls (n=604) were identified through random digit dialing and Medicare recipient lists, and frequency matched to cases on age and race. History of potential prostate cancer risk factors was ascertained through in-person interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prostate cancer was not associated with STD or vasectomy history. History of prostatitis was associated with prostate cancer among all subjects (odds ratio [OR]=1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1, 2.9) and in African American men (OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.1, 4.6). History of BPH was associated with prostate cancer among all subjects (OR=2.4, 95% CI: 1.8, 3.3); significant associations were observed in both African American (OR=2.7, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.4) and white (OR=2.3, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.4) men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among all subjects, prostate cancer was associated with prostatitis and BPH history, but not with STD or vasectomy history. Prevention efforts could be enhanced if inflammatory or infectious etiologies are found to be of importance in the subsequent development of prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48109-0276, USA. divya@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Divya A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Cathryn H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Bock
authors.forename: Kendra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Angela S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Wenzlaff
authors.forename: Raymond Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Demers
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Severson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008824:Michigan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D014659:Vasectomy