title: HIV-1 intermittent viraemia in patients treated by non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based regimen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been demonstrated that, in patients treated by protease-inhibitor-based regimen, intermittent viraemia occurred frequently and was associated with higher concentrations of residual replication but not with virological failure. Risk factors associated with intermittent viraemia and its impact in patients treated by non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-based (NNRTI) regimen need to be evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the occurrence of blips (one HIV-1 RNA > 50 copies/ml with a subsequent value < 50 copies/ml), the level of these blips (between 3 and 50 copies/ml) and their effect on CD4 cell count and the occurrence of virological failure in 43 patients with stable suppression of HIV-1 plasma viraemia (< 50 copies/ml) under NNRTI-based therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight out of 43 patients had one episode of blips during the follow-up (median = 350 copies/ml). Comparing patients with and without blips, the median level of HIV-1 RNA at baseline was 7.5 versus 3 copies/ml (P = 0.008), respectively. Patients with blips had a significantly lower CD4 cell count after 12 and 18 months than the others. Plasma concentrations of NNRTI before, during, and after the blips were adequate. In addition, the occurrence of blips was not associated with virological failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that blips may reflect ongoing viraemia of below 50 copies/ml and can impair the CD4 cell count recovery under an NNRTI regimen. The impairment of CD4 cell count recovery seems to be affected more by the occurrence of blips than by the level of viraemia (< 50 copies/ml) itself. Nevertheless, despite a tight genetic barrier for resistance with NNRTI drugs, no virologic failure occurred during the follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Service de Dermatologie, Hôpital Tarnier-Cochin, 89, rue d'Assas, 75006 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Anne-Geneviève
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Marcelin
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Morini
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deleuze
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krivine
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gorin
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yerly
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Peytavin
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Calvez
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dupin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048588:Benzoxazines; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010078:Oxazines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010078:Oxazines; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019829:Nevirapine; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; C098320:efavirenz