title: Evaluating factors affecting the permeability of emulsions used to stabilize radioactive contamination from a radiological dispersal device.
abstract: Present strategies for alleviating radioactive contamination from a radiological dispersal device (RDD) or dirty bomb involve either demolishing and removing radioactive surfaces or abandoning portions of the area near the release point. In both cases, it is imperative to eliminate or reduce migration of the radioisotopes until the cleanup is complete or until the radiation has decayed back to acceptable levels. This research investigated an alternative strategy of using emulsions to stabilize radioactive particulate contamination. Emergency response personnel would coat surfaces with emulsions consisting of asphalt or tall oil pitch to prevent migration of contamination. The site can then be evaluated and cleaned up as needed. In order for this approach to be effective, the treatment must eliminate migration of the radioactive agents in the terror device. Water application is an environmental condition that could promote migration into the external environment. This research investigated the potential for water, and correspondingly contaminant, migration through two emulsions consisting of Topein, a resinous byproduct during paper manufacture. Topein C is an asphaltic-based emulsion and Topein S is a tall oil pitch, nonionic emulsion. Experiments included water adsorption/ mobilization studies, filtration tests, and image analysis of photomicrographs from an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) and a stereomicroscope. Both emulsions were effective at reducing water migration. Conductivity estimates were on the order of 10(-80) cm s(-1) for Topein C and 10(-7) cm s(-1) for Topein S. Water mobility depended on emulsion flocculation and coalescence time. Photomicrographs indicate that Topein S consisted of greater and more interconnected porosity. Dilute foams of isolated spherical gas cells formed when emulsions were applied to basic surfaces. Gas cells rose to the surface and ruptured, leaving void spaces that penetrated throughout the emulsion. These experiments indicate that emulsions may be a viable means for containing RDD residuals; however, improvements are needed for optimal performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Mississippi, 208 Carrier Hall, Post Office Box 1848, University, Mississippi 38677-1848, USA. gafox@olemiss.edu
authors.forename: Garey A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Victor F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Medina
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D003666:Decontamination / Q000379:methods*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry*; D005107:Explosions; D005374:Filtration; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D016062:Porosity; D011835:Radiation Protection; D011847:Radioactive Fallout / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012116:Resins, Plant / Q000737:chemistry; D023481:Terrorism; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D011847:Radioactive Fallout; D011868:Radioisotopes; D012116:Resins, Plant; D014867:Water; C006647:asphalt; C013893:rosin