title: Cyber visual training as a new method for the mastery of endoscopic surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We devised a new method incorporating cyber visual training whereby novices in endoscopic surgery are instructed via repetition of a video-recorded procedure. We then conducted a study designed to investigate the impact of this cyber visual training on the mastery of intracorporeal knot-tying as an endoscopic technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  For the cyber visual training a 10-min video of the same procedure was replayed at normal, slow, and rapid speeds or presented in a series of still images. The training was undertaken by 36 medical students and 1st year trainee doctors who had had no experience of endoscopic surgery. They were divided into three groups, each of all received the same introductory lecture. Group A was only given training with the instructor for 15 min. Group B trained with the instructor for 15 min and was allowed self-training for 10 min. Group C viewed the cyber video beforehand and then underwent training with the instructor for 15 min. For all participants, the time required to complete a knot-tying task was measured and the level of endoscopic skill before and after the training was assessed using a virtual reality system the minimally Invasive Surgical Trainer-Virtual Reality (MIST-VR), in terms of the following three parameters: time, errors, and efficiency of hand movements. The Steel-Dwass test was used to evaluate the differences among the three groups in task performance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group C completed the knot-tying task faster than group A (p = 0.0375), but there were significant differences between groups A and B and groups B and C. There were no significant differences in the parameters assessed using the MIST-VR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our new concept of cyber visual training is effective for mastering the knot-tying technique. This type of training should be widely applicable to other procedures, such as dissection, clipping, and hemostasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Clinical Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0876, Osaka, Japan. taky@surg2.med.Osaka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takiguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekimoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monden
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000193:education*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000193:education*; D014741:Video Recording