title: Expressed emotion as predictor of relapse in patients with comorbid psychoses and substance use disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Expressed emotion (EE) and substance use disorder predict relapse in psychosis, but there is little research on EE in comorbid samples. The current study addressed this issue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty inpatients with a DSM-IV psychosis and substance use disorder were recruited and underwent diagnostic and substance use assessment. Key relatives were administered the Camberwell Family Interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were assessed on the initial symptoms and recent substance use, and 58 completed the assessment over the following 9 months. High EE was observed in 62% of households. Expressed emotion was the strongest predictor of relapse during follow-up and its predictive effect remained in participants with early psychosis. A multivariate prediction of a shorter time to relapse entered EE, substance use during follow-up and (surprisingly) an absence of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since high EE is a common and important risk factor for people with comorbid psychosis and substance misuse, approaches to address it should be considered by treating clinicians.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. dibap@optusnet.com.au
authors.forename: Diba
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pourmand
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vaughan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*