title: Identification of a rat model for usher syndrome type 1B by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis-driven forward genetics.
abstract: The rat is the most extensively studied model organism and is broadly used in biomedical research. Current rat disease models are selected from existing strains and their number is thereby limited by the degree of naturally occurring variation or spontaneous mutations. We have used ENU mutagenesis to increase genetic variation in laboratory rats and identified a recessive mutant, named tornado, showing aberrant circling behavior, hyperactivity, and stereotypic head shaking. More detailed analysis revealed profound deafness due to disorganization and degeneration of the organ of Corti that already manifests at the onset of hearing. We set up a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based mapping strategy to identify the affected gene, revealing strong linkage to the central region of chromosome 1. Candidate gene resequencing identified a point mutation that introduces a premature stopcodon in Myo7a. Mutations in human MYO7A result in Usher syndrome type 1B, a severe autosomal inherited recessive disease that involves deafness and vestibular dysfunction. Here, we present the first characterized rat model for this disease. In addition, we demonstrate proof of principle for the generation and cloning of human disease models in rat using ENU mutagenesis, providing good perspectives for systematic phenotypic screens in the rat.
authors.affiliation: Hubrecht Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Genetics, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Bart M G
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Smits
authors.forename: Theo A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Joram D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mul
authors.forename: Huib J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Croes
authors.forename: Jack A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Fransen
authors.forename: Andy J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Beynon
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guryev
authors.forename: Ronald H A
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Plasterk
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cuppen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D025063:Chromosome Disorders; D018388:Codon, Terminator; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004398:Dyneins / Q000235:genetics; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081412:Myosin VIIa; D009218:Myosins / Q000235:genetics; D017354:Point Mutation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D052245:Usher Syndromes / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018388:Codon, Terminator; C000631455:MYO7A protein, human; D009153:Mutagens; C000631457:Myo7a protein, rat; D000081412:Myosin VIIa; D009218:Myosins; D004398:Dyneins; D005038:Ethylnitrosourea