title: Homologous feeder cells support undifferentiated growth and pluripotency in monkey embryonic stem cells.
abstract: In the present study, five homologous feeder cell lines were developed for the culture and maintenance of rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (rESCs). Monkey ear skin fibroblasts (MESFs), monkey oviductal fibroblasts (MOFs), monkey follicular granulosa fibroblast-like (MFG) cells, monkey follicular granulosa epithelium-like (MFGE) cells, and clonally derived fibroblasts from MESF (CMESFs) were established and compared with the ability of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to support rESC growth. MESF, MOF, MFG, and CMESF cells, but not MFGE cells, were as good as or better than MEFs in supporting undifferentiated growth while maintaining the differentiation potential of the rESCs. In an effort to understand the unique properties of supportive feeder cells, expression levels for a number of candidate genes were examined. MOF, MESF, and MEF cells highly expressed leukemia inhibitory factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, stem cell factor, transforming growth factor beta1, bone morphogenetic protein 4, and WNT3A, whereas WNT2, WNT4, and WNT5A were downregulated, compared with MFGE cells. Additionally, all monkey feeder cell lines expressed Dkk1 and LRP6, antagonists of the WNT signaling pathway, but not WNT1, WNT8B, or Dkk2. rESCs grown on homologous feeders maintained normal karyotypes, displayed the characteristics of ESCs, including morphology, alkaline phosphatase, Oct4, the cell surface markers stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3, SSEA-4, tumor-related antigen (TRA)-1-60, and TRA-1-81, and formed cystic embryoid bodies in vitro that included differentiated cells representing the three major germ layers. These results indicate that the four homologous feeder cell lines can be used to support the undifferentiated growth and maintenance of pluripotency in rESCs.
authors.affiliation: Kunming Primate Research Center and Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Jiaochang Donglu, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China.
authors.forename: Tianqing
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shufen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yunhua
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yongqing
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Xiuzhen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Liu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Shihua
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Weizhi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ji
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000166:cytology; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D051379:Mice; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology; D039904:Pluripotent Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology
chemical_list: C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2