title: Stabilized HIF-1alpha is superior to VEGF for angiogenesis in skeletal muscle via adeno-associated virus gene transfer.
abstract: Therapeutic angiogenesis provides a potential alternative for the treatment of cardiovascular ischemic diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important component of the angiogenic response to ischemia. Here we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene delivery to skeletal muscle to examine the effects of VEGF vs. a stabilized form of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). The recombinant AAVs were injected into mouse tibialis anterior muscle, and their effects were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and functional assays. These analyses showed that stabilized HIF-1alpha markedly increase capillary sprouting and proliferation, whereas VEGF164 or VEGF120 induced only proliferation of endothelial cells without formation of proper capillary structures. The Evans Blue permeability assay indicated that, unlike VEGF, HIF-1alpha overexpression did not increase vascular leakiness in the transduced muscle. Doppler ultrasound imaging showed that vascular perfusion in the HIF-1alpha treated muscles was significantly enhanced when compared to the controls and not further improved by co-expression of the arteriogenic growth factors angiopoietin-1 or platelet-derived growth factor-B. Our results show that AAV-mediated transduction of a stabilized form of HIF-1alpha can circumvent the problems associated with overexpression of individual angiogenic growth factors. HIF-1alpha should thus offer a potent alternative for pro-angiogenic gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Katri
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pajusola
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Künnapuu
authors.forename: Sanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vuorikoski
authors.forename: Jarkko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Soronen
authors.forename: Helder
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Korpisalo
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ylä-Herttuala
authors.forename: Lorenz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poellinger
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alitalo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D010477:Perfusion; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000235:genetics; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A