title: Does carotid artery stenting work on the long run: 5-year results in high-volume centers (ELOCAS Registry).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the first long-term results of Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) became available only recently, CAS has become an accepted treatment for carotid artery disease. We report CAS data up to 5 years, both late stroke rate and patency rates as observed in 4 high-volume European centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between February 1, 1993 and December 31, 2004, 2 172 patients were selected over the 4 participating centres, with intention to treat endovascularly. Conscientious follow-up was done according to the in-hospital stipulations of each centre and was entered into a database both retrospectively and prospectively. Long-term restenosis and stroke-death rates were investigated and statistically analysed and stratified using the Kaplan-Meier method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 2 172 patients with intention to treat 2 165 (99.7%) were technically successful. Of these 306 (14.1%) were performed without and 1 859 (85.9%) with embolic protection device (EPD); 96 patients (4.4%) received balloon dilation only and stenting was performed in 2 069 (95.6%) cases. Kaplan-Meier analysis of major stroke/all death and of significant restenosis (>50%) for the total population showed stroke/death rates of 4.1% (nar=1 356), 10.1% (nar=476) and 15.5% (nar=138); and restenosis rates of 1% (nar=1 363), 2% (nar=480) and 3.4% (nar=139), after 1, 3 and 5 years respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patency and stroke/death rates resulting from our database analysis are pleasing and indicate that CAS also on longer term is a valuable treatment method for carotid artery disease. Due to the fact that our dataset contains prospective as well as retrospective data, it may have its limitations. Until this moment, data indicating that certain patient subgroups are at increased risk for neurological complications and in-stent restenosis during and after CAS are sparse. Further multivariant analysis on this unique dataset is mandatory in order to identify any potential links in between plaque morphology, preprocedural neurological complications, risk factor distribution, procedural steps and clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Surgery, AZ St-Blasius, Dendermonde, Belgium. marc.bosier@pandora.be
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bosiers
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deloose
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verbist
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sievert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sugita
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Castriota
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cremonesi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016893:Carotid Stenosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome