title: Seizures in children with primary brain tumors: incidence and long-term outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the incidence and long-term outcome of brain tumor related seizures in children and to identify risk factors for adverse seizure outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of medical records of children treated for brain tumor and seizures in a single institution. Children were identified from hospital database and neurology clinic records. Seizure status was characterized for the 6 months prior to most recent follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up after first seizure of the 157 analyzed children was 3.3 years. Tumor location was supratentorial in 81% and posterior fossa in 19%. Initial anti-epileptic drugs were phenytoin (n=52), carbamazepine (n=38), phenobarbital (n=14), gabapentin (n=31), or others (n=22). Seizures were controlled in 65% of the children and uncontrolled in 35% (17% intractable). Gabapentin showed a trend toward better seizure control (p=0.06). Neurologic deficit, T2 peri-cavity hyperintensity, and EEG slow waves were independently predictive of uncontrolled seizures by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  T2 peri-cavity hyperintensity, focal neurologic deficits, and EEG slow waves predict poor seizure control in children with brain tumors. Seizures can be controlled in most patients with brain tumors. Gabapentin use as first anti-epileptic drug needs to be studied prospectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiological Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-2794, USA. raja.khan@stjude.org
authors.forename: Raja B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: Frederick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Boop
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Merchant
authors.forename: Amar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gajjar
authors.forename: Larry E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Kun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013995:Time; D016896:Treatment Outcome