title: Quantitation of contrast TCD in patients with and without atrial septal aneurysm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with a combination of atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) have a substantially higher rate of recurrent ischemic events as compared to PFO alone. One possible explanation is a greater degree of right-to-left shunting with the combination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study using contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (c-TCD) to study the degree of shunting in 46 patients with PFO with either transient ischemic attack or cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Eight patients with PFO+ASA identified on transesophageal echocardiogram were compared to 38 patients with PFO but without ASA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of embolic counts was no different with or without an ASA. Valsalva maneuver increased number of emboli, especially in patients with large PFOs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with ASA in addition to PFO do not appear to have an increased risk of right-to-left shunting as measured by c-TCD as compared to PFO alone.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurosciences Critical Care, and Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street/Meyer 8-140, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA. weziai@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Wendy C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Ziai
authors.forename: Sangjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Alexander Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Razumovsky
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wityk
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006325:Heart Atria; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D045423:Microbubbles; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media