title: Activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase by GDNF induces G2/M cell cycle delay linked with actin reorganization.
abstract: It is well known that the cell cycle is controlled by several cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes whose expression and phosphorylation states vary with orderly periodicity. During the cell cycle, activity of the cyclin/Cdk complexes can be regulated directly or indirectly by a number of molecules, including protein kinases and phosphatases, p53, and Cdk inhibitors. Here, we show that the addition of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) induced G2/M cell cycle delay in human SK-N-MC neuroectodermal tumor cells that express RET tyrosine kinase, accompanying actin reorganization. Cell cycle delay at G2/M was characterized by accelerated and prolonged Cdc2 phosphorylation and stabilization of cyclin B1 and Wee1 kinase expression. Interestingly, we found that phosphorylation and/or expression of Cdc2, cyclinB1, and Wee1 was controlled by the Rac1/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that the G2/M cell cycle delay may be necessary to prevent the mitotic progression of SK-N-MC cells with perturbed actin cytoskeletons.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Asai
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Masahide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002455:Cell Division; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D056744:Cyclin B1; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D016195:G2 Phase; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008934:Mitogens / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017599:Neuroectodermal Tumors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; C534699:CCNB1 protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D056744:Cyclin B1; C495039:GDNF protein, human; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D008934:Mitogens; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051096:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret; C099282:RET protein, human; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C499349:WEE1 protein, human; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein