title: Detection of residual basal cell carcinoma by in vivo confocal microscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Near-infrared reflectance-mode confocal scanning laser microscopy (RCM) represents a novel imaging technique for microscopic analysis of skin lesions and may provide a noninvasive modality for the diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the feasibility of detecting residual or clinically equivocal BCC using RCM.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this pilot study, RCM was used in three cases to characterize the histologic features of index lesions in vivo. These were subsequently correlated with corresponding hematoxylin-eosin-stained sections obtained during Mohs micrographic surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evaluation of clinically equivocal lesions by RCM revealed features characteristic of BCC, including tightly packed nests of elongated, monomorphic, polarized nuclei and subjacent ectatic blood vessels with lymphocytes undergoing margination and rolling. Conventional histology confirmed the presence of BCC in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We report the use of RCM in the confirmation of residual BCC in two cases and the tentative diagnosis with subsequent pathologic conformation of a third case in which a biopsy was previously inadequate. Our results demonstrate that confocal microscopy may facilitate diagnosis of BCC in vivo and warrant further prospective study to quantify the sensitivity and specificity of this rapidly evolving imaging modality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, and Mohs Surgery Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Diego E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Marra
authors.forename: Abel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Carl F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Schanbacher
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005145:Face; D005546:Forehead; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology