Molecular mechanisms in successful peripheral regeneration.
Peripheral nerve injury is normally followed by a robust regenerative response. Here we describe the early changes associated with injury from the initial rise in intracellular calcium and the subsequent activation of transcription factors and cytokines leading to an inflammatory reaction, and the expression of growth factors, cytokines, neuropeptides, and other secreted molecules involved in cell-to-cell communication promoting regeneration and neurite outgrowth. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms that play a part in executing successful regeneration.
Makwana
Milan
M
Centre for Perinatal Brain Protection & Repair, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College London, UK.
Raivich
Gennadij
G
D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000502:physiology; D002450:Cell Communication; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000502:physiology; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D016207:Cytokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins