title: Naturally occurring antifungal agents against Zygosaccharomyces bailii and their synergism.
abstract: Polygodial was found to exhibit a fungicidal activity against a food spoilage yeast, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, with the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 50 microg/mL (0.17 mM). The time-kill curve study showed that polygodial was fungicidal at any growth stage. The primary action of polygodial comes from its ability to disrupt the native membrane-associated function of integral proteins as nonionic surface active agents (surfactants) followed by a decrease in plasma membrane fluidity. The fungicidal activity of polygodial was increased 128-fold in combination with a sublethal amount (equivalent of 1/2 MFC) of anethole and vice versa relative to the fungicidal activity of anethole. The fungicidal activity of sorbic acid was enhanced 512-fold in combination with 1/2 MFC of polygodial. Conversely, the fungicidal activity of polygodial was enhanced 128-fold in combination with 1/2 MFC of sorbic acid.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 94720-3112, USA.
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kubo
mesh_terms: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008560:Membrane Fluidity / Q000187:drug effects; D028502:Polygonum / Q000737:chemistry; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D020068:Zygosaccharomyces / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000081248:Allylbenzene Derivatives; D000840:Anisoles; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D012717:Sesquiterpenes; C034380:polygodial; C006578:anethole; D013011:Sorbic Acid