title: A review of botanical phytochemicals with mosquitocidal potential.
abstract: Identification of novel effective mosquitocidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates, concern for the environment and food safety, the unacceptability of many organophosphates and organochlorines and the high cost of synthetic pyrethroids. An increasing number of researchers are reconsidering botanicals containing active phytochemicals in their efforts to address some of these problems. To be highly competitive and effective, the ideal phytochemical should possess a combination of toxic effects and residual capacity. Acute toxicity is required at doses comparable to some commercial synthetic insecticides while chronic or sub-chronic toxicity is required to produce growth inhibition, developmental toxicity and generational effects. In this article, we review the current state of knowledge on larvicidal plant species, extraction processes, growth and reproduction inhibiting phytochemicals, botanical ovicides, synergistic, additive and antagonistic joint action effects of mixtures, residual capacity, effects on non-target organisms, resistance, screening methodologies, and discuss promising advances made in phytochemical research.
authors.affiliation: Zoology Department, Aswan Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Aswan, Egypt.
authors.forename: Essam Abdel-Salam
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Shaalan
authors.forename: Deon
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Canyon
authors.forename: Mohamed Wagdy Faried
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Younes
authors.forename: Hoda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Abdel-Wahab
authors.forename: Abdel-Hamid
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Mansour
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009033:Culicidae; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D009032:Mosquito Control; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010936:Plant Extracts