title: Combined simple and complex cord knots associated with an encirclement.
abstract: A case of combined simple and a complex knots, and an encirclement of the umbilical cord, which did not cause any detectable harm, is presented. The combination of a simple and a complex true knots, as described in this paper, is a highly unusual phenomenon with only two previous reports in the world literature. No report exist showing a combined simple and complex knots and an encirclement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Costantini
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mistrangelo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging