title: Human mast cells express corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) receptors and CRH leads to selective secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor.
abstract: Mast cells are critical for allergic reactions, but also for innate or acquired immunity and inflammatory conditions that worsen by stress. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis under stress, also has proinflammatory peripheral effects possibly through mast cells. We investigated the expression of CRH receptors and the effects of CRH in the human leukemic mast cell (HMC-1) line and human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells. We detected mRNA for CRH-R1alpha, 1beta, 1c, 1e, 1f isoforms, as well as CRH-R1 protein in both cell types. CRH-R2alpha (but not R2beta or R2gamma) mRNA and protein were present only in human cord blood-derived mast cells. CRH increased cAMP and induced secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) without tryptase, histamine, IL-6, IL-8, or TNF-alpha release. The effects were blocked by the CRH-R1 antagonist antalarmin, but not the CRH-R2 antagonist astressin 2B. CRH-stimulated VEGF production was mediated through activation of adenylate cyclase and increased cAMP, as evidenced by the fact that the effect of CRH was mimicked by the direct adenylate cyclase activator forskolin and the cell-permeable cAMP analog 8-bromo-cAMP, whereas it was abolished by the adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ22536. This is the first evidence that mast cells express functional CRH receptors and that CRH can induce VEGF secretion selectively. CRH-induced mast cell-derived VEGF could, therefore, be involved in chronic inflammatory conditions associated with increased VEGF, such as arthritis or psoriasis, both of which worsen by stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Nikoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou
authors.forename: Duraisamy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kempuraj
authors.forename: William S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Boucher
authors.forename: Koreaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cetrulo
authors.forename: Theoharis C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Theoharides
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000166:cytology; D006636:Histamine Release; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D053802:Tryptases; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1
chemical_list: C101531:CRF receptor type 2; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018019:Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D000099052:CRF Receptor, Type 1; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053802:Tryptases