title: Symptoms of late-life depression: frequency and change during treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors determined the symptoms frequently present in older patients with major depression that showed the greatest change during treatment and that best correlated with an independent measure of improvement (the Clinical Global Impression scale [CGI]).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects included 728 patients over the age of 60 years with major depression who were selected for entry into a clinical trial. Authors determined the frequency of symptoms on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Ham-D) and the effect size of symptom change during treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine symptoms were identified that were frequent, showed the greatest change during treatment, and best correlated with CGI. The items included depressed mood; loss of interest in work and activities; psychic anxiety; somatic symptoms, general (decreased energy); somatic anxiety; guilt; middle insomnia; late insomnia; and suicidal ideation. These nine items accounted for 92% of the variance in the 17-item Ham-D score, correlated with the CGI at a level similar to the 17-item Ham-D, and were at least as sensitive as the 17-item Ham-D for detecting drug-placebo differences. A comparison with five other similar approaches in non-geriatric samples suggested that the symptoms identified were relatively similar in both age-groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptoms frequent in patients with late-life depression are similar to those in mixed-aged samples. Nine of the Ham-D items appear most useful for assessment of change during treatment.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, Box 0984-F, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. craign@lppi.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: J Craig
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Cathryn M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Clary
authors.forename: Andrew C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: Lon S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires