title: Biological pacemaker created by fetal cardiomyocyte transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of an alternative approach to electronic pacemaker by using spontaneously excitable cell grafts as a biological pacemaker in a large animal model of complete atrioventricular block.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dissociated male human atrial cardiomyocytes including sinus nodal cells were grafted into the free wall of the left ventricle in five female pigs. Three weeks after the injection of cell-grafted solution/control medium the pigs underwent catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node (AV-node). After complete AV block was created, the idioventricular beat rate was more rapid in cell-grafted pigs than that in control pigs (86+/-21 vs. 30+/-10 bpm; P<0.001). Administering of isoprenalin significantly increased idioventricular rate from 86+/-21 to 117+/-18 bpm in the cell-grafted animals (P<0.01). Electrophysiological mapping studies demonstrated that the idioventricular rhythm originated from the cell-injection site. Polymerase chain reaction verifying the existence of SRY DNA in the cell injection site indicated that the grafted male cells were survived. Furthermore, the connexin-43 and N-cadherin positive junctions between donor cardiomyocytes and host cells were identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xenografted fetal human atrial cardiomyocytes are able to survive and integrate into the host myocardium, and show a pacing function that can be modulated by autonomic agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, JieFang Road, 238, Wuhan, 430060, People's Republic of China. lgsheng10272000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Guosheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Qijing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001283:Atrioventricular Node / Q000601:surgery; D001683:Biological Clocks; D017690:Cell Transplantation; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D016332:Fetal Tissue Transplantation; D024282:Genes, sry; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000166:cytology* / Q000196:embryology / Q000637:transplantation; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy*; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D006801:Humans; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D007545:Isoproterenol