title: Accelerated proliferation of myeloma cells by interleukin-6 cooperating with fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-mediated signals.
abstract: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that regulates the proliferation of some tumor cells including multiple myeloma (MM). Ectopic expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR 3) associated with the chromosomal translocation, t(4;14)(p16.3;q32), is frequently found in MM, and therefore, has been implicated in the neoplastic transformation of this disease. Here, we show that IL-6 together with FGF enhanced proliferation of a myeloma cell line, KMS-11 carrying t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) and the FGFR 3-transfected U 266 myeloma cell line which ectopically expressed FGFR 3 but responded to neither IL-6 nor FGF alone. In KMS-11, IL-6 activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT 3) while FGF activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3 kinase. As both MEK inhibitors and a PI 3-kinase inhibitor abolished the effect of IL-6 and FGF, the activation of both the ERK 1/2 and PI 3-kinase signaling cascades is essential for the proliferation of KMS-11 enhanced by IL-6 and FGF. Furthermore, the FGF-induced activation of ERK 1/2 contributed to the serine phosphorylation of STAT 3, suggesting that the signaling crosstalk between the cytokine receptor, IL-6 receptor alpha/gp 130 and the growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase, FGFR 3. These results indicate that FGFR 3 plays a crucial role in the accelerated proliferation of MM carrying t(4;14)(p16.3;q32).
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular Signal Analysis, Department of Bio-Signal Analysis, Applied Medical Engineering Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan. hishikaka@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuyama
authors.forename: Shangqin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Saeid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Abroun
authors.forename: Fu-Jun
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ken-Ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuyama
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Mohd S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Obata
authors.forename: Michio M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Kawano
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015850:Interleukin-6; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors