title: Pulmonary candidiasis after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: thin-section CT findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate thin-section computed tomographic (CT) findings in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (ie, bone marrow transplant) patients with histopathologically proved pulmonary candidiasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board of each of the three institutions; informed consent was not required. The study included 17 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with proved pulmonary candidiasis. Histopathologic specimens were acquired at transbronchial biopsy (n = 8), open lung biopsy (n = 6), and autopsy (n = 3). The patients included seven men and 10 women (age range, 20-62 years; mean age, 37 years). The thin-section CT scans were retrospectively reviewed by two thoracic radiologists for the presence, appearance, and distribution of parenchymal abnormalities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multiple nodules were present in 15 (88%) patients, including centrilobular nodules and tree-in-bud pattern in seven (41%) patients. Nodules were bilateral in 12 patients and unilateral in three. An associated halo of ground-glass opacity was identified in five (33%) patients. Nodules were the only CT finding in five patients (29%). Areas of air-space consolidation were identified in 11 (65%) patients. Areas of ground-glass opacity were seen in six (35%) of 17 patients and were always associated with other abnormalities. Other less common CT findings included pleural effusion (n = 3), thickening of the bronchial walls (n = 2), and cavitation (n = 1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most common thin-section CT findings of pulmonary candidiasis in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients are multiple bilateral nodular opacities often associated with areas of consolidation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Vancouver Hospital and Health Sciences Centre and University of British Columbia, 855 W 12th Ave, Vancouver, BC, Canada V5Z 1M9. 19429tfc@comb.es
authors.forename: Tomás
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Franquet
authors.forename: Nestor L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Kyung S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Anastasia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oikonomou
authors.forename: Julia D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Flint
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed