title: Lowering the dose of hydroxyurea minimizes toxicity and maximizes anti-HIV potency.
abstract: The goal of this study was to optimize the hydroxyurea dosage in HIV-infected patients, and to minimize the toxicity and maximize the antiviral efficacy of the hydroxyurea-didanosine combination. In a randomized, open-label study (RIGHT 702, a multicenter trial performed in private and institutional practices), three daily doses (600 microg, 800-900 microg, and 1200 microg) of hydroxyurea were administered in combination with didanosine and stavudine to 115 chronically HIV-infected patients, one-third antiretroviral drug naive, with viremia between 5000 and 200,000 copies/ml regardless of CD4+ cell count. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels below 400 copies/ml after 24 weeks of therapy. In the RIGHT 702 intent-to-treat population the lowest (600 mg) dose of hydroxyurea was better tolerated, associated with fewer adverse events, and more potent by all efficacy parameters, including the primary end point (76 versus 60% patients with viremia<400 copies/ml at week 24 for the 600-mg and 800- to 900-mg dose groups, respectively; p=0.027), the mean area under the curve (60.3 versus 65.8; p=0.016), and the mean log10 decrease (-1.95 versus -0.77; p=0.001). Patients receiving 600 mg of hydroxyurea daily also had the highest CD4+ cell count, CD4+/CD8+ cell ratio, and lowest CD8+ cell count and percentage (p=0.035). The RIGHT 702 trial provides an explanation for the increased toxicity and decreased efficacy of hydroxyurea when it was used at high dosage (1200 mg daily). At the optimal dosage of 600 mg daily, hydroxyurea, in combination with didanosine, deserves reevaluation for the long-term management of HIV/AIDS worldwide, because of its excellent resistance profile, durability, and affordability.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute for Genetic and Human Therapy (RIGHT), IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy. rightpv@tin.it
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lori
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Whitman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bakare
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Blick
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shalit
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Foli
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Peterson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tennenberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rashbaum
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Farthing
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Norris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greiger
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Groff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lova
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Asmuth
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lisziewicz
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D016049:Didanosine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D005260:Female; D006678:HIV; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018119:Stavudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019562:Viral Load; D014766:Viremia
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018119:Stavudine; D016049:Didanosine; D006918:Hydroxyurea