title: Development of a transgenic mouse model immune tolerant for human interferon Beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Therapeutic proteins may induce antibodies that inhibit their efficacy or have other serious biological effects. There is a great need for strategies to predict whether a certain formulation will induce an immune response. In principle, conventional animals develop an immune response against all human proteins no matter how they are formulated, which restricts their use. The aim of this study was to develop a mouse model immune tolerant for human interferon beta (hIFNbeta).
  
  
  METHODS
  A transgenic mouse model immune tolerant for hIFNbeta was developed by making C57Bl/6 mice transgenic for the hIFNbeta gene. To evaluate the model, both wild-type and transgenic mice were immunized with recombinant human interferon beta 1a (rhIFNbeta-1a) and recombinant human interferon beta 1b (rhIFNbeta-1b). Serum antibodies against rhIFNbeta were detected by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genetically modified mice were shown to be immune tolerant for mammalian cell-derived rhIFNbeta-1a, which has a relative low immunogenicity in patients. However, Escherichia coli-derived rhIFNbeta-1b, known to have a relatively high immunogenicity in patients, was shown not only to be immunogenic in the wild-type mice but could also break the immune tolerance of the genetically modified mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This animal model offers the possibility to study the many factors influencing the immunogenicity of hIFNbeta and test new formulations before going into clinical trials. The model also provides the first evidence that the rhIFNbetas differ in the immunological mechanisms responsible for the development of antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Central Laboratory Animal Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. S.Hermeling@pharm.uu.nl
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hermeling
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jiskoot
authors.forename: Daan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Crommelin
authors.forename: Claus
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bornaes
authors.forename: Huub
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schellekens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000939:Epitopes / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011786:Quality Control; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000939:Epitopes; D007370:Interferon Type I; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine