title: Anterior capsulorrhaphy: an in vitro comparison of volume reduction--arthroscopic plication versus open capsular shift.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to objectively compare volume reduction after arthroscopic plication and open lateral capsular shift.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental cadaver study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen fresh-frozen human cadaver shoulders were assigned to 1 of 2 groups: arthroscopic plication (n = 7) or open lateral capsular shift (n = 8). Initial capsular volume was measured by repeated injection of a viscous fatty acid sulfate solution and recorded for each specimen. Repeated measurements were taken after the procedure to determine volume reduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both procedures resulted in reduction of capsular volume. The arthroscopic plication resulted in a 22.8% volume reduction and the open lateral capsular shift resulted in a 49.9% volume reduction. Comparison of the 2 procedures revealed significant volume reduction after open lateral capsular shift compared with arthroscopic plication (P = .00001). Repeated measurements confirmed that the injection technique was valid and reproducible.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lateral capsular shift resulted in significantly greater volume reduction compared with arthroscopic plication. Based on these results, we recommend an open lateral-based capsular shift for patients with multidirectional instability in which a larger capsular shift is required. However, additional plication sutures may allow for an even further reduction in volume. The amount of volume reduction required to eliminate instability still remains unknown for patients with shoulder instability caused by capsular laxity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level IV Case Series, in vitro anatomic comparison of 2 surgical procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA.
authors.forename: Steven B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wiley
authors.forename: Vipool K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Goradia
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006811:Humerus / Q000601:surgery*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*