title: High glucose-induced apoptosis in human vascular endothelial cells is mediated through NF-kappaB and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase pathway and prevented by PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.
abstract: Our previous studies demonstrated that high glucose-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is mediated by sequential activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase, and prevented by exogenous nitric oxide (NO). In this study we further elucidated the roles of the transcriptional factor NF-kappaB, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K), Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in the apoptosis of HUVECs induced by high glucose. The results showed that high glucose-induced apoptosis was significantly enhanced by PI3K inhibitors (wortmannin and LY294002), NOS inhibitor (NG-nitro-arginine methyl ester) and eNOS antisense oligonucleotide. In contrast, apoptosis was markedly reduced by NF-kappaB inhibitor (pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, PDTC), NF-kappaB antisense oligonucleotide, NO donor (sodium nitroprusside, SNP), and overexpression of Akt. The high glucose-induced NF-kappaB activation and transient Akt phosphorylation were prevented by the presence of vitamin C. Moreover, high glucose-induced increase in eNOS expression was attenuated by PI3K inhibitors and the negative mutant of PI3K. The activity of JNK induced by high glucose was suppressed by NF-kappaB-specific antisense oligonucleotide. Taken together our results demonstrated that high glucose-induced HUVECs apoptosis is through NF-kappaB-dependent JNK activation and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent Akt dephosphorylation. Activation of the ROS/PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway in early phase exerts protective effects against the induction of apoptosis by high glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tao-Yuan General Hospital, Department of Health, the Executive Yuan, 1492 Chung-Shan. Road, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. heart@mail.tygh.gov.tw
authors.forename: Feng Ming
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Wan Wan
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Bing Chang
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chien M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Chia-Ron
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lian Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chih Chang
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Shing H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Chiau S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liau
mesh_terms: D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D000077191:Wortmannin
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D002867:Chromones; D005947:Glucose; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D009025:Morpholines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009599:Nitroprusside; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011392:Proline; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D000077191:Wortmannin; C066229:prolinedithiocarbamate; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C496314:NOS3 protein, human; C505407:CASP3 protein, human