title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) S protein production in plants: development of recombinant vaccine.
abstract: In view of a recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), there is a high demand for production of a vaccine to prevent this disease. Recent studies indicate that SARS-coronavirus (CoV) spike protein (S protein) and its truncated fragments are considered the best candidates for generation of the recombinant vaccine. Toward the development of a safe, effective, and inexpensive vaccine candidate, we have expressed the N-terminal fragment of SARS-CoV S protein (S1) in tomato and low-nicotine tobacco plants. Incorporation of the S1 fragment into plant genomes as well as its transcription was confirmed by PCR and RT-PCR analyses. High levels of expression of recombinant S1 protein were observed in several transgenic lines by Western blot analysis using specific antibodies. Plant-derived antigen was evaluated to induce the systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. Mice showed significantly increased levels of SARS-CoV-specific IgA after oral ingestion of tomato fruits expressing S1 protein. Sera of mice parenterally primed with tobacco-derived S1 protein revealed the presence of SARS-CoV-specific IgG as detected by Western blot and ELISA analysis.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Foundation Laboratories, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107-6799, USA.
authors.forename: Natalia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pogrebnyak
authors.forename: Maxim
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Golovkin
authors.forename: Vyacheslav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Andrianov
authors.forename: Sergei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Spitsin
authors.forename: Yuriy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Smirnov
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Egolf
authors.forename: Hilary
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koprowski
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D017931:DNA Primers; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000821:virology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000276:immunology*; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014765:Viral Vaccines
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; D014765:Viral Vaccines; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV; C578553:spike protein, mouse hepatitis virus