title: Confocal microscopy of posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the in vivo confocal microscopic findings of posterior polymorphous endothelial dystrophy (PPED).
  
  
  METHODS
  Four patients with PPED from 2 unrelated families and 2 asymptomatic children of an index patient were included in this observational case series. The eyes of the 6 subjects were examined by confocal light microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confocal microscopy demonstrated craters, streaks, and cracks over the corneal endothelium surface. Pleomorphism and polymegathism were present in eyes with PPED. Guttae and clusters of abnormal endothelial cells were also identified in corneas of these PPED patients. These findings were absent in eyes without clinical manifestations of PPED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In vivo confocal microscopy is potentially useful for excluding suspected cases of subclinical PPED. Abnormalities in the Descemet membrane and endothelium were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Lulu L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Alvin L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Angus K K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Ricky W K
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Dennis S C
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003317:Corneal Dystrophies, Hereditary / Q000473:pathology*; D003886:Descemet Membrane / Q000473:pathology*; D004728:Endothelium, Corneal / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal