title: [Unilateral testicular cancer: incidence and effects of a contralateral testiculopathy on the sperm output].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper was to evaluate the incidence of a non-tumoral, contralateral primitive testiculopathy and its relative influence on sperm quality of patients with unilateral testicular cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients (mean age 26 years, range 19-38) with testicular germ cell cancer (seminomas, SEM, in 10 cases; nonseminomas, NSEM, in the remaining 14 patients) after orchiectomy and before radiotherapy or chemotherapy underwent semen analysis, physical examination and scrotal ultrasound of their survivor testis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with SEM had sperm concentration, total sperm count and forward motility significantly higher than those found in patients with NSEM. Altogether, 5 out of 24 patients (2 SEM; 3 NSEM) (20.8%) showed azoospermia; 10 patients (41.7%) (3 SEM; 7 NSEM) had oligo-, astheno- and/or terato-zoospermia (OAT). The remaining 9 patients (37.5%) (5 SEM; 4 NSEM) showed normal sperm parameters. The testicular volume of the left over testis was reduced (<12 ml) in 4 out of 5 (80%) azoospermic patients, in 7 out of 10 patients (70%) of OAT patients, but in no patient (0%) with normozoospermia. A testicular biopsy performed on the survivor testis of 5 patients with azoospermia (4 of them had a reduced testicular volume) confirmed the primitive testiculopathy, showing a histological pattern of Sertoli cell syndrome only in 4 of them (80%) and maturation arrest in the other case (20%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less (OAT) or more severe (azoospermia) sperm output impairment in patients with unilateral testicular cancer is associated with a coincidental, contralateral to unilateral testicular cancer, primitive testiculopathy expressed as reduced testicular volume and impairment spermatogenesis at the testicular biopsy.
authors.affiliation: Sezione di Endocrinologia, Andrologia e Medicina Interna, Dipartimento di Scienze Bio-Mediche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy. enzodante@email.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicari
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: La Vignera
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battiato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salemi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Giammusso
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D013076:Sperm Count; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*