title: The use of 'as-needed' range orders for opioid analgesics in the management of acute pain: a consensus statement of the American Society for Pain Management Nursing and the American Pain Society.
abstract: The use of "as-needed" or "PRN" range orders for opioid analgesics in the management of acute pain is a common clinical practice. This approach provides flexibility in dosing to meet individual patients' unique analgesic requirements. Range orders enable necessary and safe dose adjustments based on an individual's response to treatment. This paper presents the consensus statement of the American Society for Pain Management Nursing and the American Pain Society on the use of "as-needed" range orders for opioid analgesics in the management of acute pain.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin Hospital & Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA. db.Gordon@hosp.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Debra B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dahl
authors.forename: Peggy
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frandsen
authors.forename: Charlene
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cowley
authors.forename: Roxie L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Perry G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Fine
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miaskowski
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Rebecca S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Finley
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000698:Analgesia / Q000451:nursing* / Q000592:standards*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D032921:Consensus; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D006801:Humans; D007591:Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000451:nursing*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid