title: Gefitinib-sensitive mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain in chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have shown that mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase domain are associated with response of lung cancer to gefitinib (Iressa, AstraZeneca Corp., Shanghai, China). A higher incidence of EGFR mutation was observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients of Japanese origin compared with those of American origin. However, no data about such mutations in Chinese patients with NSCLC could be obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary NSCLC tissues were obtained for analysis of mutations in exons 18 to 21 of EGFR from a total of 76 patients, of whom 54 did not receive gefitinib therapy and 22 did. PCR products were sequenced directly and mutations were confirmed by an independent PCR and sequence analysis. All types of mutation were cloned and sequenced.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 types of mutation were found in the series of patients, including two different silent mutations in exon 20 from 11 patients. More than half of the silent mutations (6 of 11) in exon 20 coexisted with other mutations. Mutations were more frequent in adenocarcinoma (17 of 35; 48.6%) compared with squamous carcinoma (1 of 19; 5.3%) among untreated patients. Similar mutations were observed in all seven gefitinib-treated patients with partial response, and no mutations were detected in all eight patients with progressive disease (P < 0.001), except two silent mutations. Three mutations were observed in seven patients with stable disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase domain in lung adenocarcinomas from Chinese patients were more frequent than reported previously in lung adenocarcinomas from American patients. Such mutations were well correlated with tumor response to gefitinib.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. xinlin169@163.com
authors.forename: Xin Lin
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Long Yun
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao Tong
authors.initials: XT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Men Zhao
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rui E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Quan Cai
authors.initials: QC
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Hai Sheng
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Bing Qing
authors.initials: BQ
authors.lastname: Guo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000235:genetics; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D002681:China; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib