title: Epilepsies after Pocket Monster seizures.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a 5-year follow-up study in patients with a seizure induced by animated cartoon "Pocket Monster."
  
  
  METHODS
  A recurrence of seizures was observed in 25 of 91 patients with a Pocket Monster seizure. The patients were divided into two groups: Epilepsy group of 12 patients with a history of epilepsy and Nonepilepsy group of 13 patients without a history of epilepsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age below 12 years and generalized seizures were more often in Nonepilepsy group than in Epilepsy group. Seizure recurrence was earlier in Epilepsy group than in Nonepilepsy group. Photoparoxysmal response was relatively infrequent in Epilepsy group. The majority of patients were classified into idiopathic generalized epilepsies in Nonepilepsy group, whereas most patients were categorized into localization-related epilepsies in Epilepsy group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epilepsies after Pocket Monster seizures were different according to the presence or absence of a history of epilepsy. These results will be useful in order to determine the treatment of a patient with a visually induced seizure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan. okumura@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Akihisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Tamiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Negoro
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Takenaka
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
mesh_terms: D002359:Cartoons as Topic; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004827:Epilepsy; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012008:Recurrence; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013690:Television