title: Periaqueductal grey CB1 cannabinoid and metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptors modulate changes in rostral ventromedial medulla neuronal activities induced by subcutaneous formalin in the rat.
abstract: This study was undertaken to analyze the involvement of periaqueductal gray (PAG) cannabinoid or group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the formalin-induced changes on the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) ON- and OFF-cells activities. S.c. injection of formalin into the hind paw produced a transient decrease (4-6 min) followed by a longer increase (25-35 min) in tail flick latencies. Formalin also increased basal activity in RVM ON-cells (42+/-7%) and decreased it in OFF-cells (35+/-4%). Intra-PAG microinjection of (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone mesylate (WIN 55,212-2) (2 nmol/rat), a cannabinoid receptor agonist, prevented the formalin-induced changes in RVM cell activities. Higher dosages of WIN 55,212-2 (4-8 nmol/rat) increased the tail flick latencies, delayed the tail flick-related onset to ON-cell burst, and decreased the duration of OFF-cell pause. Furthermore, WIN 55,212-2 at a dosage of 8 nmol/rat decreased RVM ON-cell (57+/-7%) and increased OFF-cell ongoing activities (26+/-4%). These effects were prevented by N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrazolecarboxamide SR141716A, (1 pmol/rat), a CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist, or by 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP 20 nmol/rat), a selective mGlu5 glutamate receptor antagonist. T7-(hydroxyimino) cyclopropa[b]chromen-1alpha-carboxylate ethyl ester (CPCOOE/50 nmol/rat) and (S)-(+)-alpha-amino-4-carboxy-2-methylbenzeneacetic acid (LY367385, 20 nmol/rat), selective mGlu1 glutamate receptor antagonists, were ineffective in preventing the WIN-induced effects. This study suggests that s.c. injection of formalin modifies RVM neuronal activities and this effect is prevented by PAG cannabinoid receptor stimulation. Moreover, the physiological stimulation of PAG mGlu5, but not mGlu1 glutamate receptors, seems to be required for the cannabinoid-mediated effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology "L. Donatelli," Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: de Novellis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariani
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palazzo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vita
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Marabese
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scafuro
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maione
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001565:Benzoates / Q000494:pharmacology; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009281:Naphthalenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010487:Periaqueductal Gray / Q000187:drug effects*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077285:Rimonabant
chemical_list: C117789:7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropan(b)chromen-1a-carbxoylic acid ethyl ester; D000700:Analgesics; D001565:Benzoates; D048588:Benzoxazines; D002867:Chromones; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D009025:Morpholines; D009281:Naphthalenes; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011725:Pyridines; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; C079694:alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine; D005557:Formaldehyde; C070417:(3R)-((2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-((4-morpholinyl)methyl)pyrrolo-(1,2,3-de)-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)(1-naphthalenyl))methanone; C121465:6-methyl-2-(phenylethynyl)pyridine; D000077285:Rimonabant; D005998:Glycine