title: The first 5 years of the family clinic for HIV at Tygerberg Hospital: family demographics, survival of children and early impact of antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Family clinics address the problems of HIV-infected children and their families. The aims were to document demographics of the children and caregivers attending the Family Clinic for HIV at Tygerberg Academic Hospital (TAH) and to investigate factors affecting disease progression in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective folder review of children and parents attending the Family Clinic at TAH between January 1997 and December 2001, a period noted for its lack of antiretroviral treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 432 children seen for testing, 274 children, median age 16.9 months, were HIV-infected. During follow-up, 46 children died (median age 23 months) and 113 were lost to follow-up. The majority of children were malnourished. Those <2 years of age had lower weight for age Z-scores (WAZ) than older children (p<0.001). At presentation, 47 per cent were in clinical stage B and two-thirds had moderate or severe CD4+ T cell depletion. Seventeen children had received highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 12 dual and 31 monotherapy. HAART was associated with improved survival compared to dual or monotherapy. Risk of death was reduced from eleven-fold for a WAZ <-4 to four-fold between -2 and -3. There was no association with immunological and clinical classification at entry and risk of mortality. Only 18 per cent of parents were evaluated in the clinic. Non-parental care was documented for 25 per cent of families.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A low WAZ is associated with poor survival in children. Nutritional status should receive more attention in HIV disease classification in children. Parent utilization of the clinic was inadequate. Even in the absence of HAART, extended survival in children is possible.
authors.affiliation: Amsterdam Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: N K M
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: van Kooten Niekerk
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Knies
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Howard
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rabie
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zeier
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: van Rensburg
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Frans
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Schaaf
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fatti
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Cotton
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000554:Ambulatory Care Facilities; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods*; D046688:Child Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000151:congenital / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome