title: Er:YAG laser: antimicrobial effects in the root canals of dogs' teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our goal in this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of Er:YAG laser applied after biomechanical preparation of the root canals of dog's teeth with apical periodontitis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Various in vitro studies have reported effective bacterial reduction in infected root canals using Er:YAG laser. However, there is no in vivo research to support these results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty root canals of dogs' premolar teeth with pulp necrosis and chronic periapical lesions were used. An initial microbiological sample was taken, and after biomechanical preparation was carried out, a second microbiological sample was taken. The teeth were divided into two groups: Group I-biomechanical preparation was taken of root canals without Er:YAG laser application; Group II-biomechanical preparation was taken of root canals with Er:YAG laser application using 140-mJ input, 63-mJ output/15 Hz. After coronal sealing, the root canals were left empty for 7 days at which time a third microbiological sample was taken. The collected material was removed from the root canal with a #40 K file and placed in transport media. It was serially diluted and seeded on culture dishes selective for anaerobes, aerobes, and total streptococci. Colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) were counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups I and II showed an increase of CFU/mL for all microorganisms 7 days after treatment, being statistically significant for anaerobes in Group I and for anaerobes and total streptococci in Group II. When comparing CFU/mL of Groups I and II, there was a statistically significant increase after 7 d for total streptococci in Group II.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Er:YAG laser applied after biomechanical preparation did not reduce microorganisms in the root canal system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry of Araraquara, UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil. dciops@forp.usp.br
authors.forename: Mário R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Leonardo
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Guillén-Carías
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Pécora
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: L A B
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Silva
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000382:microbiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D003790:Dental Pulp Necrosis / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D053685:Laser Therapy; D008297:Male; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000532:radiotherapy*