title: PKC delta-induced activation of MAPK pathway is required for bFGF-stimulated proliferation of coronary smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated proliferation of coronary smooth muscle cells (cSMC) contributes to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and restenosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. We have shown previously that protein kinase C (PKC) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) are required for the bFGF-stimulated mitogenic process in bovine cSMC. In this study, we determined the PKC isoform(s) involved and investigated their functional role in the bFGF-stimulated signaling and cell cycle progression in human and bovine cSMC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Downregulation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) inhibited bFGF-induced DNA synthesis, the activation of MAPK, and the expression of c-myc, demonstrating the involvement of PMA-sensitive PKC isoforms in growth factor-induced proliferation and the MAPK pathway. The PMA-sensitive classical PKC isoforms alpha, beta, gamma and novel PKC isoforms delta and epsilon were found in human cSMC. Whereas blocking of the classical PKC isoforms had no influence, the suppression of PKC delta by genetic and pharmacological approaches inhibited the bFGF-stimulated c-Raf1-MEK-MAPK-c-myc signaling and DNA synthesis in cSMC. In contrast to PKC epsilon, our results showed that bFGF activated PKC delta by phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner. In addition, inhibition of PKC delta induced a hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein and suppression of the cyclins D1 and A, demonstrating the importance of PKC delta for bFGF-induced cell cycle progression through the G1 phase in cSMC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that PKC delta is required for the bFGF-stimulated c-Raf1-MEK-MAPK-c-myc signaling pathway involved in the proliferation of cSMC. Therefore, it may be an interesting therapeutic target for preventing proliferative vascular disorders.
authors.affiliation: Leibniz-Institute for Arteriosclerosis Research, University of Münster, Domagkstr. 3, 48149 Münster, Germany. skaletz@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skaletz-Rorowski
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Eschert
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stallmeyer
authors.forename: Jürgen R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sindermann
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pulawski
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breithardt
mesh_terms: D000098:Acetophenones / Q000494:pharmacology; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002460:Cell Line; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000098:Acetophenones; D001578:Benzopyrans; D002227:Carbazoles; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007211:Indoles; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C081021:Go 6976; D004247:DNA; C085746:rottlerin