title: Pain experienced by patients during periodontal recall examination using thinner versus thicker probes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study, performed during periodontal recall visits, was to compare the levels of pain experienced by patients during periodontal probing using probes with tip diameters of either 0.40 mm or 0.63 mm.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three groups of 20 adult patients were examined by three different therapists. Diagonal maxillary/mandibular quadrants were probed with a 0.40 mm and a 0.63 mm probe, respectively. At the completion of probing of each quadrant, the patients were asked to describe their pain using a visual analog scale (VAS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most patients showed low VAS pain scores for both probes. However, using an arbitrary threshold of VAS > or =40 mm to indicate significant pain, some patients had a painful experience. Lower median pain responses following probing with the 0.63 mm probe compared to the 0.40 mm probe were observed for patients of therapist 1, and for the quartile of all 60 patients that showed the highest VAS scores. For therapist 2 and 3 groups, no differences were found. The pain levels expressed by the three groups of patients varied, confirming results of our previous studies, which also observed differences in patients' pain experiences following probing by different therapists.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ability to deliver dental care with a minimum of patient discomfort would seem to be an essential part of the skills of individual clinicians. We would like to suggest that dental therapists periodically evaluate this part of their skill by asking patients to express their pain experiences following various procedures using VAS scales.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hassan
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogle
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quishenbery
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Riggs
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egelberg
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003762:Dental Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017288:Pain Threshold; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000175:diagnosis; D010517:Periodontics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric