title: Associations of lifestyle factors with quality of life (QOL) in Japanese children: a 3-year follow-up of the Toyama Birth Cohort Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the associations between lifestyle factors and quality of life (QOL) among Japanese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 7794 children (3869 boys and 3925 girls) aged 9-10. They completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyles at baseline survey and were followed up for 3 years. In the follow-up survey, QOL was evaluated using a Japanese version of the COOP charts. Children rated their QOL as one of five response categories. Subjects rated as 'very well' or 'pretty good' were considered to have good QOL, and the remainder was assumed to have poor QOL. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between lifestyles or changes in lifestyles and QOL. In the multivariate analysis model, age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and lifestyle factors were simultaneously entered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the follow-up period, children became more sedentary. Compared to children participating in physical activity 'very often' at baseline, those who exercised 'almost never' were more likely to have poor QOL [OR (95% CI): 1.92 (1.26-2.93)]. Children who developed or maintained undesirable lifestyles had high OR for poor QOL. Compared to children taking breakfast 'often' during the follow-up period, those changing from 'often' to 'seldom' or those taking breakfast 'seldom' were more likely to have poor QOL [1.61 (1.24-2.07), 2.05 (1.03-4.09), respectively]. When compared with children maintaining their participation in physical activity 'often', those who changed from 'often' to 'seldom' and those who kept 'seldom' were more likely to have poor QOL [2.10 (1.84-2.39), 2.21 (1.88-2.59), respectively].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that unfavourable lifestyles in childhood are associated with poor QOL in early adolescence. Early intervention could be worth considering to keeping desirable lifestyles during childhood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Welfare Promotion and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan. chenxl@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jp
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sekine
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kagamimori
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002664:Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D004435:Eating; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011788:Quality of Life; D012890:Sleep; D013690:Television; D013997:Time Factors; D018910:Video Games