title: New onset geriatric epilepsy: a randomized study of gabapentin, lamotrigine, and carbamazepine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relative tolerability and efficacy of two newer antiepileptic drugs, lamotrigine (LTG) and gabapentin (GBP), as compared to carbamazepine (CBZ) in older patients with epilepsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was an 18-center, randomized, double-blind, double dummy, parallel study of 593 elderly subjects with newly diagnosed seizures. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: GBP 1,500 mg/day, LTG 150 mg/day, CBZ 600 mg/day. The primary outcome measure was retention in trial for 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 72 years. The most common etiology was cerebral infarction. Patients had multiple medical conditions and took an average of seven comedications. Mean plasma levels at 6 weeks were as follows: GBP 8.67 +/- 4.83 microg/mL, LTG 2.87 +/- 1.60 microg/mL, CBZ 6.79 +/- 2.92 microg/mL. They remained stable throughout the trial. Early terminations: LTG 44.2%, GBP 51%, CBZ 64.5% (p = 0.0002). Significant paired comparisons: LTG vs CBZ: p < 0.0001; GBP vs CBZ: p = 0.008. Terminations for adverse events: LTG 12.1%, GBP 21.6%, CBZ 31% (p = 0.001). Significant paired comparisons: LTG vs CBZ: p < 0.0001; LTG vs GBP: p = 0.015. There were no significant differences in seizure free rate at 12 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main limiting factor in patient retention was adverse drug reactions. Patients taking lamotrigine (LTG) or gabapentin (GBP) did better than those taking carbamazepine. Seizure control was similar among groups. LTG and GBP should be considered as initial therapy for older patients with newly diagnosed seizures.
authors.affiliation: VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468, USA. aj.rowan@med.va.gov
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rowan
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pryor
authors.forename: K D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Boardman
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Uthman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spitz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Towne
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Felicetta
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tomyanovich
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000588:Amines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000077206:Gabapentin; D006787:Hospitals, Veterans / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D018579:Patient Selection; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000588:Amines; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D003509:Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; D014227:Triazines; D002220:Carbamazepine; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D000077206:Gabapentin; D000077213:Lamotrigine