title: Feto-maternal hemorrhage after cordocentesis at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and volume of feto-maternal hemorrhage following cordocentesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Descriptive study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixteen asymptomatic non-anemic pregnant women with an indication for cordocentesis at 18-22 weeks of gestation between January and June 2004 were recruited. Maternal blood samples were obtained immediately before and 30 minutes after cordocentesis. Fetal cells in the maternal blood were counted using Kleihauer Betke test. About 25,000 maternal cells per slide were scanned by the same examiner. Feto-maternal hemorrhage was considered significant if the fetal bleeding was more than 0.25 ml.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant increase in fetal blood volume in maternal circulation after cordocentesis (Paired Students t test, p < 0.001). A significant hemorrhage (> 0.25 ml) occurred in 63 from 116 women (54. 7%). Only one had marked hemorrhage of more than 5.0 ml and none had massive hemorrhage (> 15 ml).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cordocentesis at 18-22 weeks of gestation can be associated with feto-maternal hemorrhage in more than half of the cases but nearly all cases had only minimal hemorrhage and none had massive hemorrhage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
authors.forename: Jittima
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rujiwetpongstorn
authors.forename: Theera
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tongsong
authors.forename: Chanane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wanapirak
authors.forename: Wirawit
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Piyamongkol
authors.forename: Supatra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sirichotiyakul
authors.forename: Pharuhas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chanprapaph
authors.forename: Fuanglada
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tongprasert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017218:Cordocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005331:Fetomaternal Transfusion / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology