title: Speech outcome after surgical treatment for oral and oropharyngeal cancer: a longitudinal assessment of patients reconstructed by a microvascular flap.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to analyze speech outcome for patients with advanced oral/oropharyngeal cancer treated with reconstructive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Speech tests (communicative suitability, intelligibility, articulation, nasality, and consonant errors) were performed in a control group and in patients before treatment (n = 76), and 6 months (n = 51) and 12 months (n = 42) after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Speech tests were significantly worse for patients before and after treatment compared with the controls. Speech did not improve between 6 and 12 months. After treatment, patients with T3-4 tumors showed a significantly worse score for communicative suitability, intelligibility, and articulation than patients with T2 tumors. No significant differences were found for subsites after treatment, although patients with mobile tongue tumors showed the best results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Speech difficulties are significant, and with the knowledge of this study better counseling and vigilance as to speech difficulties may be possible in patients undergoing treatment for oral/oropharyngeal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. pa.borggreven@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Pepijn A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Borggreven
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Verdonck-de Leeuw
authors.forename: Johannes A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Langendijk
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Doornaert
authors.forename: Marike N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Koster
authors.forename: Remco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Bree
authors.forename: C René
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D009959:Oropharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D013065:Speech Intelligibility / Q000502:physiology*; D013068:Speech Production Measurement; D013524:Surgical Flaps