title: Unusual ipsilateral hyperkinetic automatisms in SMA seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe repetitive movements of the right arm possibly originating from the ipsilateral SMA area in two drug-resistant epileptic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two epileptic patients (one female, one male, 35 and 36 years old, respectively) were submitted to pre-surgical evaluation including history, neurological examination, long-term video-EEG monitoring, interictal and ictal SPET, MRI and fMRI, neuropsychological assessment. Invasive recordings (stereoelectroencephalography) were also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both patients ictal semiology was characterized by very stereotyped repetitive right arm movements, i.e. tapping towards the thorax (movement rate of 6-7 Hz and 3-4 Hz for the two subjects, respectively). Seizures in the first patient, whose epilepsy was cryptogenetic, originated from the right pre-SMA area, which was surgically removed. She is seizure free 2 years after the operation. In the second patient, in whom a right pre-frontal post-abscess porencephaly was disclosed, the epileptogenic zone included the lesion and surrounding areas, while the SMA area was involved less consistently.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if, according to literature, SMA epilepsy is predominantly characterized by postural manifestations, ipsilateral repetitive movements could be a relevant sign in this kind of epilepsy, as showed in our first patient. The presence of similar semiology in the second patient, might suggest that the symptomatogenic zone involved SMA area.
authors.affiliation: Post-Coma Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via Ardeatina 306, 00179 Rome, Italy. carmen.barba@tiscali.it
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barba
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doglietto
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Policicchio
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caulo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Colicchio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001332:Automatism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D006948:Hyperkinesis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D012640:Seizures / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods