title: Is topical anesthesia useful in noninvasive skin tightening using radiofrequency?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The radiofrequency (RF) system has been applied to Asian skin for noninvasive skin tightening. The only drawback is the pain during the treatment.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The relationships between the effectiveness of a topical anesthetic at various RF levels and the respective treatment results were compared and assessed after 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-four females, ranging in age from 30 to 60 years, were divided into three groups of 28 subjects each. In all groups, the entire bilateral cheeks were treated. Group A underwent RF treatment (ThermaCool TC, Thermage, Hayward, CA, USA) with topical anesthesia and group B without anesthesia, and in group C, half of the face was treated with anesthesia and the other half was not. The degree of pain was recorded. Digital photographs of the patients pre- and post-treatment were objectively assessed by double-blinded physicians. Subjective assessment was performed with questionnaires.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average treatment levels for groups A and B were 14.13 and 14.02, respectively. Although anesthesia was useful for pain reduction, it did not allow a significant energy upgrade. In group C, 8 (28.6%) patients showed a statistically insignificant difference in the treatment levels, but not in the results, between the anesthetized and the unanesthetized sides.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of anesthesia did not affect the final efficacy of the treatment compared with no anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Aesthetic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. kushikata@aol.com
authors.forename: Nobuharu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kushikata
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tezuka
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakamatsu
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005145:Face / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015595:Skin Aging; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local