title: Real-time 3D echocardiography-guided transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects.
abstract: We report our initial experience using real-time (live) three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiographic imaging under conscious sedation as a guide for transcatheter device closure of atrial septal defects. We believe this may be a feasible, safe, and effective alternative to the standard practice of transesophageal echocardiography, which requires general anesthesia and endotacheal intubation. Three-dimensional echocardiography may better define atrial septal anatomy and adjacent structures in planning for and performing percutaneous device closure of selected atrial septal defects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital Central California, Madera, CA 93638, USA.
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McKendrick
authors.forename: Carl Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Owada
mesh_terms: D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant