title: Matched case-control study on factor V Leiden and the prothrombin G20210A mutation in patients with ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack up to the age of 60 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The role of the factor V Leiden mutation (FVL) and the G20210A mutation of the prothrombin (factor II [FII]) gene for arterial thrombosis is not clear.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the prevalence of these mutations in 468 patients with an acute stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) before the age of 60 years and in a healthy control population individually matched for age and gender. We also analyzed interactions between the mutations, gender, standard vascular risk factors, and stroke risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of the FVL did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects. However, we found a significant interaction between the FVL, smoking, and risk of stroke in women: female smokers without FVL had a somewhat increased risk of stroke of 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5 to 4.6; P=0.001) compared with nonsmoking noncarriers of the FVL. Stroke risk was markedly higher in female smokers who had the FVL (OR, 8.8; 95% CI, 2.0 to 38.0; P=0.004) after multivariate adjustment. No such interaction was observed in men. In contrast, the frequency of the FII G20210A mutation was significantly higher in male patients compared with controls (6% versus 1%; adjusted OR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.3 to 28.3; P=0.021). In females, the prevalence of the mutation was 3% in both groups. We found no significant interactions of the FII G20210A mutation with other vascular risk factors and stroke risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate a highly increased risk of ischemic cerebrovascular events in women up to 60 years who smoke and have FVL. We also found evidence for an increased risk of stroke/TIA in men who have the FII G20210A mutation but not in women in this age group.
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of Neurology, Medical University Vienna, Hospital Barmherzige Brueder, Vienna, Austria. wolfgang.lalouschek@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lalouschek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schillinger
authors.forename: Kety
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Endler
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tentschert
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannhalter
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005165:Factor V / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009154:Mutation; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D020521:Stroke / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C095381:factor V Leiden; D005165:Factor V; D011516:Prothrombin