Risk for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis among patients with epilepsy: population based cohort study.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate whether age at onset of epilepsy, type of epilepsy, family history of psychosis, or family history of epilepsy affect the risk of schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychosis among patients with epilepsy.


METHODS
Comparison of population based data.


METHODS
Danish longitudinal registers.


METHODS
The cohort comprised 2.27 million people.


METHODS
Epilepsy, psychosis, personal birth data.


RESULTS
We found an increased risk of schizophrenia (relative risk 2.48, 95% confidence interval 2.20 to 2.80) and schizophrenia-like psychosis (2.93, 2.69 to 3.20) in people with a history of epilepsy. The effect of epilepsy was the same in men and in women and increased with age. Family history of psychosis and a family history of epilepsy were significant risk factors for schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychosis, and the effect of epilepsy, both in cases and families, was greater among people with no family history of psychosis. In addition, the increased risk for schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychosis did not differ by type of epilepsy but increased with increasing number of admissions to hospital and, particularly, was significantly greater for people first admitted for epilepsy at later ages.


CONCLUSIONS
There is a strong association between epilepsy and schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like psychosis. The two conditions may share common genetic or environmental causes.
Qin
Ping
P
National Centre for Register-based Research, University of Aarhus, Taasingegade 1, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark. pq@ncrr.dk
Xu
Huilan
H
Laursen
Thomas Munk
TM
Vestergaard
Mogens
M
Mortensen
Preben Bo
PB
D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D010375:Pedigree; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D012307:Risk Factors; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics