title: Arterial occlusive lesions recanalize more frequently in women than in men after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator administration for acute stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previous reports suggest that women achieve better outcome than men after intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Coagulation and fibrinolysis differ between sexes. These findings prompted us to investigate possible gender differences in arterial recanalization after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA).
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 100 consecutive patients who presented with acute ischemic stroke and received IV tPA within 6 hours of onset. Only patients with large artery anterior circulation strokes, as determined by MRI/MRA or CT/CTA before treatment, who had follow-up vascular study within 72 hour after treatment were included. We compared demographics, clinical features, admission medications, symptom-to-needle and treatment-to-repeat vascular imaging times, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Severity score, radiological and laboratory data, stroke mechanism, and outcome between the sexes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  39 patients met all inclusion/exclusion criteria (22 men and 17 women). The recanalization rate was significantly higher in women (94% versus 59%; P=0.02). This difference remained statistically significant after excluding patients whose strokes were attributed to internal carotid artery occlusive lesions, and when the analysis was limited to those treated within 3 hours of stroke onset. All other confounding variables did not differ significantly between the sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our cohort, vascular occlusive lesions were more likely to recanalize in women than men in response to IV tPA. These preliminary findings need to be validated in larger prospective studies.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cerebrovascular Disease, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Ave, Palmer 127, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Sean I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Savitz
authors.forename: Gottfried
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schlaug
authors.forename: Louis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Caplan
authors.forename: Magdy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Selim
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator