title: Noninvasive measurement of isovolumetric contraction time during hypoxemia and acidemia: Fetal lamb validation as an index of cardiac contractility.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of this study are firstly to clarify how the Doppler isovolumetric contraction time (ICT) is influenced by arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) or pH, and secondly to confirm the relationship between the Doppler ICT and myocardial contractility during hypoxemia and/or acidemia in the fetal lamb.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 12 pregnant ewes, fetal hypoxemia and acidemia were induced by giving ewes a variable mixture of gases for 120 min. The chronological change of fetal PaO2, pH, Doppler ICT and maximum first derivative of the left ventricular pressure waveform (Max dp/dt) was recorded every 30 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doppler ICT and PaO2 had no significant regression. On the other hand, Doppler ICT and pH demonstrated a significant negative regression. Moreover, one critical given pH point was indicated with statistical significance at 7.20 and the prolongation of the Doppler ICT was found more markedly in the range below the pH of 7.20 compared with the range above 7.20. A significant negative linear regression was found between the Doppler ICT and the Max dp/dt.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The measurement of Doppler ICT enables us to predict severe acidosis and a decrease of myocardial contractility in the fetus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yumoto
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kinukawa
authors.forename: Hitoo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000138:Acidosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000818:Animals; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005333:Fetus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011247:Pregnancy; D012015:Reference Standards; D012756:Sheep; D013997:Time Factors; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000592:standards
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen