title: Association of functional gene polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 with the progression of chronic liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play an important role in the progression of liver fibrosis in addition to fibrogenesis. MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms have been shown to influence the transcriptional activity of their respective gene promoter in an allele-specific manner. The aim of this study was to examine the possible association of MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms with the progression of chronic liver disease in the Japanese population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 91 patients with HCV-related chronic hepatitis and 89 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis. We determined MMP-1 1G/2G, MMP-3 5A/6A, and MMP-9 C/T polymorphisms using polymerase-chain reaction based assays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In MMP-1 genotypes, the 2G homozygotes were significantly more in cirrhotic group than in chronic hepatitis group. In MMP-3 genotypes, there were no significant differences in genotype distributions and allele frequencies between chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis groups. However, 5A carriers had a significantly lower age at liver cirrhosis diagnosis and a higher Child-Pugh score compared with the 6A homozygotes. In MMP-9 genotypes, the C homozygotes and C allele frequencies were significantly more in liver cirrhosis group than in chronic hepatitis group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-9 gene polymorphisms account for some of the variability in the progression of HCV-related chronic liver diseases.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine and Clinical Science, Tottori University School of Medicine, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Kinya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mimura
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murawaki
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yuasa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000235:genetics*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D004247:DNA; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D020781:Matrix Metalloproteinase 1