title: Risperidone and haloperidol augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: a crossover study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are the first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), approximately half of patients with OCD do not respond adequately to SRI monotherapy. Patients with predominant obsessions are common in OCD and are often difficult to treat, necessitating adjunctive treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a 9-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study comparing the benefits of 2-week adjunctive treatments with risperidone, haloperidol, and placebo in patients with OCD (DSM-IV criteria) who continued to have severe symptoms despite taking a stable dose of an SRI. Eligible patients must have been receiving a therapeutic dose of an SRI for at least 12 weeks and at the screening visit had a score > or = 10 on items 1-5 (obsession) and a total score > or = 16 on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Data were collected from January 1999 through April 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients were enrolled and 12 completed the study. On the YBOCS, both risperidone and haloperidol significantly reduced obsession (p < .05) when compared with placebo. There was a tendency that haloperidol, and to a lesser degree risperidone, also reduced the compulsion and the total YBOCS scores. These results were accompanied by a reduction in the Hopkins Symptom Checklist 90-revised (SCL-90R) anxiety scale score. According to the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the SCL-90R depression scale, and the Profile of Mood States, risperidone, but not halo-peridol, also improved depressed mood. Neither risperidone nor haloperidol changed neurocogni-tive function during the 2-week treatment. All 12 patients completed the 2-week risperidone treatment, but 5 of the 12 terminated haloperidol treatment early owing to intolerable side effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive risperidone improved obsessions and depressed mood and was well tolerated in patients with SRI-refractory OCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA. xili@uab.edu
authors.forename: Xiaohua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Roberta S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: Lelland C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Tolbert
authors.forename: Warren T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Flournoy
authors.forename: Lewis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Baxter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D006220:Haloperidol; D018967:Risperidone; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors