Induction of PXR-mediated metabolism by beta-carotene.
beta-carotene is the major carotenoid occurring in the human diet and in the human organism. Besides its function as pro-vitamin A, beta-carotene has been shown to be an activator of the human pregnan X receptor (PXR). PXR is mainly expressed in the liver/intestine and an inducer of enzymes involved in phase I, II and III metabolism. This review is focused on the evaluation of physiological and nutritional relevance of beta-carotene as an inducer of phase I enzymes in the human organism via PXR-mediated mechanisms. Beneficial and detrimental effects of beta-carotene on xenobiotica metabolism and metabolism of various other derivatives will be discussed.
Rühl
Ralph
R
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Krt. 98 H-4012 Debrecen, Hungary. ralphruehl@web.de
D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism; D001692:Biological Transport; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000378:metabolism; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology*
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D000077297:Pregnane X Receptor; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D015262:Xenobiotics; D019207:beta Carotene; D014212:Tretinoin