title: Soy, isoflavones, and prevalence of allergic rhinitis in Japanese women: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been hypothesized that isoflavones reduce the risk of many chronic diseases, but there are no data on the effects of dietary soy and isoflavone consumption on allergic disorders.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between dietary soy products and isoflavone intake and the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study subjects were 1002 Japanese pregnant women. Allergic rhinitis (including cedar pollinosis) was defined as present if subjects had received drug treatment at some point during the previous 12 months. Adjustment was made for age; gestation; parity; cigarette smoking; passive smoking at home and at work; indoor domestic pets; family history of asthma, atopic eczema, and allergic rhinitis; family income; education; mite allergen level in house dust; changes in diet in the previous month; season when data were collected; and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with dietary intake of total soy product, soy protein, daidzein, and genistein in the first quartile, consumption of these substances in the fourth quartile was independently associated with a reduced prevalence of allergic rhinitis, although no significant dose-response relationships were observed. A clear inverse linear trend for miso intake across quartiles was found, whereas the adjusted odds ratio for comparison of the highest with the lowest quartile was not statistically significant. Consumption of tofu, tofu products, fermented soybeans, boiled soybeans, and miso soup was not related to the prevalence of allergic rhinitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A high intake of soy and isoflavones may be associated with a reduced prevalence of allergic rhinitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan. miyake-y@cis.fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohya
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsunaga
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirota
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004032:Diet / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D012221:Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012307:Risk Factors; D045730:Soy Foods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D030262:Soybean Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D030262:Soybean Proteins