title: Clematis mandshurica protected to apoptosis of rat chondrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of SKI 306X, a purified extract from the mixture of three herbs, i.e. Clematis mandshurica, Trichosanthes kirilowii and Prunella vulgaris, on apoptosis in chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rat chondrocyte cell line RCJ3.1C.18 cells were incubated with 1 microM staurosporin and SKI 306X or each of its components. Cell viability was determined by trypan blue exclusion assay. Induction of apoptosis was determined by nuclear condensation or fragmentation after Hoechst staining. Amount of apoptosis was quantified both by nuclear morphology and flow cytometry. Expression level of Bcl-2, and caspase-3 and PARP activations were assayed by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SKI 306X significantly prevented staurosporin-induced apoptosis. Among its three components, only Clematis mandshurica significantly decreased the amount of staurosporin-induced apoptosis. Although the level of Bcl-2 expression was decreased after staurosporin treatment, it was sustained after the combination treatment with Clematis mandshurica. Whereas staurosporin induced the degradation of 32 kDa caspase-3 precursor and the production of 85-kDa cleavage products of PARP in a time-dependent fashion, Clematis mandshurica treatment prevented those manifestations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacological efficacy of SKI 306X protecting osteoarthritis in part may result from the inhibition of apoptosis in chondrocytes by Clematis mandshurica.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Medical Science Research Center, 3-1 Dongdaesin-Dong, Seo-Gu, Busan, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sung W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Won T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Sun M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Kyung T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ki S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Young H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yoo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D039324:Clematis; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts; C460104:SKI 306X; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D019311:Staurosporine