title: Homocysteine concentrations and vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hyperhomocysteinemia is a well known risk factor for the diseases of the cardiovascular system, which seem to be the main cause of increased mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of homocysteine in patients with type 2 diabetes in respect to the regimen of diabetes treatment as well as the presence of diabetic complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  The investigation was carried out in the group of 64 patients with type 2 diabetes and in 18 healthy subjects from the control group. Clinical examination and measurements of homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B12, glycosylated hemoglobin concentration and evaluation of parameters of the lipid metabolism, microalbuminuria and creatinine were done in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homocysteine concentration was significantly higher in the group of patients with diabetes in comparison to the control group (p = 0.0007). Diabetic patients had significantly lower concentrations of folic acid (p = 0.028) and HDL cholesterol (p = 0.025) together with higher levels of systolic blood pressure (p = 0.007). In the group of patients with diabetes no differences in homocysteine levels were found in respect to diabetes treatment. Diabetic patients with coronary artery disease had significantly higher homocysteine concentration in comparison to the group with diabetes without history of coronary artery disease (p = 0.0097). Homocysteine levels correlated significantly with incidence of ischaemic heart disease (r = 0.44, p = 0.001) and microalbuminuria (r = 0.26, p = 0.019). Negative correlation was noticed in HDL concentrations (r = -0.30, p = 0.013) and the levels of folic acid (r = -0.30, p = 0.008).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that hyperhomocysteinemia in diabetic patients may contribute to the development of chronic complications. The influence of diabetes treatment on Hcy levels requires further observations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, ul M.C. Skłodowskiej 24 A, Poland.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudy
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kowalska
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Straczkowski
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kinalska
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000097:blood*; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006710:Homocysteine