title: Exact relevance of bone marrow cells in the healing process after myocardial infarction: analysis with a murine model of bone marrow cell transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cellular cardiomyoplasty has created new possibilities in cardiac regeneration. Several cell types can be used in the procedure, such as skeletal myoblasts and bone marrow cells. Recent publications have suggested that bone marrow cells may be excellent candidates due to their pluripotency, but their actual role in cardiac regeneration is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the exact physiological role of bone marrow cells in the healing process after myocardial infarction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A mouse bone marrow cell transplantation model was used in which transplanted cells were easily detectable by immunohistochemistry. Chimeric mice were subjected to myocardial infarction by ligation of the left descending coronary artery. After one month, the mice were sacrificed and the scars were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplanted bone marrow cells were detected in the scars and these cells seemed able to transdifferentiate into endothelial cells, but no transdifferentiation into cardiomyocytes occurred. This mechanism of regeneration was dismissed because only 2% of the vessels in the scars were positive for transplanted cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone marrow cells might be involved in myocardial healing, but this physiological mechanism is insufficient to allow correct regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Montreal Heart Intsitute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. lesbarandon@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barandon
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Couffinhal
authors.forename: Pascale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dufourcq
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alzieu
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: Daniéle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Daret
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Duplàa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014654:Vascular Patency