title: Distinct signaling pathways for induction of type II NOS by IFNgamma and LPS in BV-2 microglial cells.
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO) release upon microglial cell activation has been implicated in the tissue injury and cell death in many neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies have indicated the ability of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to independently induce type II nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production in BV-2 microglial cells. However, a detailed comparison between the signaling pathways activating iNOS by these two agents has not been accomplished. Analysis of PKC isoforms revealed mainly the presence of PKCdelta, iota and lambda in BV-2 cells. Although both IFNgamma and LPS could specifically enhance the tyrosine phosphorylation of PKCdelta, treatment with IFNgamma induced a steady increase of phospho-PKCdelta for up to 1h, whereas treatment with LPS elevated phospho-PKCdelta levels only transiently, with peak activity at 5 min. Rottlerin, a specific inhibitor for PKCdelta, dose-dependently inhibited IFNgamma- and LPS-induced NO production. Despite the common involvement of PKCdelta, IFNgamma- but not LPS-induced NO production involved extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) cascade and IFNgamma-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was mediated through PKC. On the other hand, LPS- but not IFNgamma-induced NO production was through stimulation of NF-kappaB activation and nuclear translocation to interact with DNA. These results demonstrated distinct signaling pathways for induction of iNOS by IFNgamma and LPS in BV-2 microglial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: Siming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Joshua
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Binek
authors.forename: Malgorzata
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chalimoniuk
authors.forename: Xiaolin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shih-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hannink
authors.forename: Jinmei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fritsche
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Donato
authors.forename: Grace Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005911:Gliosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017628:Microglia / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; C497259:Prkcd protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D051745:Protein Kinase C-delta; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3