title: Protein-embedding technique: a potential approach to standardization of immunohistochemistry for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
abstract: A serial study was performed to develop a protein-embedding technique for standardization of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections. A protein carrier matrix must have two phases, a liquid phase to allow uniform mixing of a protein and a solid phase forming a 'block' that can be fixed and processed in the same manner as human tissue. This standardized protein block would serve as a source of thin sections for control of IHC and therefore must also withstand the boiling conditions of antigen retrieval (AR). After multiple experiments, a method was developed utilizing polymer microsphere (beads) as a support medium for protein. The method showed particular promise for quantitative IHC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, HMR 204, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
authors.forename: Shan-Rong
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Clive R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005404:Fixatives; D005557:Formaldehyde; D006041:Goats; D006736:Horses; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000592:standards*; D007633:Keratins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008863:Microspheres; D008867:Microtomy; D016612:Paraffin Embedding; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012015:Reference Standards; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D005404:Fixatives; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; D009418:S100 Proteins; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007633:Keratins