title: A national catalog of preference-based scores for chronic conditions in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The variability in preferences used in quality-adjusted life-years estimation jeopardizes the comparability of cost-effectiveness analyses and has led the Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine (the PCEHM) to call for a catalog of "off-the-shelf" preference weights associated with conditions that can be used by health researchers without the burden of collecting primary data.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The current research responds to the call by developing a nationally representative catalog of preference-based scores for chronic conditions and associated sociodemographic characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report the EQ-5Dindex scores of chronic conditions and associated sociodemographic characteristics in the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Chronic conditions were coded using "quality priority conditions" (QPC) and clinical classification categories (CCC). OLS, Tobit, and censored least absolute deviations (CLAD) regression models were used to provide condition estimates adjusted for age, comorbidity, gender, race, ethnicity, income, and education.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Unadjusted and adjusted EQ-5Dindex scores for each QPC and CCC code are presented. EQ-5Dindex scores for older age categories were lower than younger categories, female scores were lower than males, certain racial groups had lower scores than others, and EQ-5Dindex scores were higher for individuals with higher education and income levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The preference-based chronic condition scores reported in this research are nationally representative and may be useful to researchers to calculate quality-adjusted life-years for cost-effectiveness analyses and population-based burden of illness studies without the difficulty of primary data collection. Further research is necessary to validate these scores in condition-specific studies.
authors.affiliation: University of Colorado School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research Program, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA. Patrick.Sullivan@UCHSC.edu
authors.forename: Patrick W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Sullivan
authors.forename: William F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Vahram
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ghushchyan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D003258:Consumer Behavior / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006302:Health Services Research; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States; D026712:Value of Life / Q000191:economics