title: Daily expression of clock genes in whole blood cells in healthy subjects and a patient with circadian rhythm sleep disorder.
abstract: In recent years, circadian rhythm sleep disorders in humans have been increasing. Clinical features characteristic of this disorder are well known, but the specific causes remain unknown. However, various derangements of circadian expression of the clock gene are a probable cause of this disease. We have attempted to elucidate the relationship between the expression of the clock genes in whole blood cells and the clinical features characteristic of this disorder. In this study, we indicate the daily expression of clock genes period (Per) 1, 2, 3, Bmal1, and Clock in whole blood cells in 12 healthy male subjects. The peak phase of Per1, Per2, and Per3 appeared in the early morning, whereas that of Bmal1 and Clock appeared in the midnight hours. Furthermore, in one patient case with circadian rhythm sleep disorder, we observed variations of the peak phase in clock genes by treatments such as light therapy, exercise therapy, and medicinal therapy. This study suggested that the monitoring of human clock genes in whole blood cells, which may be functionally important for the molecular control of the circadian pacemaker as well as in suprachiasmatic nucleus, might be useful to evaluate internal synchronization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.
authors.forename: Mieko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takimoto
authors.forename: Akinobu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamada
authors.forename: Akemi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tomoda
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohdo
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohmura
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakato
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kawatani
authors.forename: Takako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jodoi
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terazono
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koyanagi
authors.forename: Shun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tukikawa
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irie
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Teruhisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miike
mesh_terms: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D000328:Adult; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D056930:ARNTL Transcription Factors; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D056926:CLOCK Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; C538960:BMAL1 protein, human; C538961:Bmal1 protein, mouse; C539022:PER1 protein, human; C421902:PER2 protein, human; C512644:PER3 protein, human; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; C512645:Per3 protein, mouse; C538943:CLOCK protein, human; C538944:Clock protein, mouse