title: Real-time PCR detection of Biscogniauxia mediterranea in symptomless oak tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Real-time PCR, based on TaqMan chemistry, was used to detect Biscogniauxia mediterranea, a fungal pathogen that after a long endophytic phase may cause charcoal disease in oak trees.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Specific primers and probe were designed and tested on axenic cultures of B. mediterranea and other fungi commonly colonizing oaks. Twig samples were collected in Tuscany from apparently healthy oaks (Quercus cerris, Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens) growing near trees infected with the fungus. Twigs were divided into two groups: one for isolation in agar plates, and one for real-time PCR after DNA extraction. The detection limit of the assay was 0.01 pg/DNA, whereas the amounts of fungal DNA detected in asymptomatic tissue were >0.5 pg microg(-1) total DNA extracted. In the apparently healthy twigs the frequency of isolation found on agar was 25.0%, much lower than that with real-time PCR (96.4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time PCR is a sensitive and fast technique able to specifically detect and quantify the DNA of B. mediterranea in oak tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This diagnostic method is a precise tool to localize fungi in symptomless plant tissues and promises to advance our understanding of fungal infection during their latent phase.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Sezione di Patologia vegetale, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Piazzale delle Cascine, Florence, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Luchi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Capretti
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pinzani
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Orlando
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pazzagli
mesh_terms: D017931:DNA Primers; D004271:DNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis; D005658:Fungi / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007558:Italy; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D029963:Quercus / Q000235:genetics / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D004271:DNA, Fungal