title: A structural perspective of CTD function.
abstract: The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) integrates nuclear events by binding proteins involved in mRNA biogenesis. CTD-binding proteins recognize a specific CTD phosphorylation pattern, which changes during the transcription cycle, due to the action of CTD-modifying enzymes. Structural and functional studies of CTD-binding and -modifying proteins now reveal some of the mechanisms underlying CTD function. Proteins recognize CTD phosphorylation patterns either directly, by contacting phosphorylated residues, or indirectly, without contact to the phosphate. The catalytic mechanisms of CTD kinases and phosphatases are known, but the basis for CTD specificity of these enzymes remains to be understood.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gene Center, University of Munich (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meinhart
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamenski
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoeppner
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Baumli
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cramer
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C416934:SSU72 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C060137:carboxy-terminal domain kinase; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C116022:carboxy-terminal domain phosphatase