title: Matrix metalloproteinases in endometrial breakdown and repair: functional significance in a mouse model.
abstract: Considerable correlative evidence suggests an important role for matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in menstruation, a process which occurs naturally in very few species. In this study, MMP expression was examined in a mouse model of endometrial breakdown and repair and the functional importance of MMPs determined. In the model, progesterone support was withdrawn from mice in which endometrial decidualization had been induced; 24 h later, endometrial breakdown was complete, and the entire decidual zone had been shed. Re-epithelialization had occurred by 36 h, and the endometrium had undergone extensive restoration toward a predecidualized state by 48 h. Immunoreactive MMP9 and MMP7 colocalized with leukocyte subsets, particularly neutrophils, whereas MMP13 staining was always extracellular. MMP3 and MMP7 were abundant during re-epithelialization in close proximity to newly reforming epithelium. The functional importance of MMPs in these processes was examined using two MMP inhibitors, doxycycline and batimistat. Both inhibitors effectively reduced MMP activity, as assessed by in situ zymography, but did not have significant effects on endometrial breakdown or repair. This study demonstrates that although MMPs are present in abundance during endometrial breakdown and repair in this mouse model, they are not the key mediators of these processes.
authors.affiliation: Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. tuuhevaha.kaituu@phimr.monash.edu.au
authors.forename: Tu'uhevaha J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kaitu'u
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Naomi B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Morison
authors.forename: Lois A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salamonsen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D004717:Endometrium / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005780:Gelatin; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D023421:Models, Animal; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D013876:Thiophenes / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D013876:Thiophenes; D010649:Phenylalanine; D011374:Progesterone; D005780:Gelatin; C080985:batimastat; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D004318:Doxycycline