title: Therapy implications of transthoracic echocardiography in acute ischemic stroke patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Stroke is the third leading cause of death in most Western countries. Cardioembolism might be responsible for 15% to 20% of ischemic strokes. Although atrial fibrillation can be diagnosed by electrocardiography, the remaining causes of cardioembolic stroke are diagnosed by echocardiography. Recent recommendations on the management of acute ischemic stroke fail to consider echocardiography as an essential test in all patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective observational study, performing transthoracic echocardiography on all patients admitted in our hospital with ischemic stroke, in sinus rhythm, from January 7, 2002, to October 16, 2003. Findings compatible with heart diseases that would indicate anticoagulation as beneficial were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 853 patients admitted with ischemic stroke, transthoracic echocardiography was performed on 846 (99.2%). Of the 435 patients with ischemic stroke, in sinus rhythm, 37.2% had findings indicating anticoagulation as beneficial: dilated cardiopathy (19.1%), previous anterior wall myocardial infarction (6.2%), left ventricular systolic dysfunction with an ejection fraction <35% (3.7%), mitral valve stenosis with enlarged left atria (1.6%), intracardiac masses (0.5%), valvular prosthesis (0.2%), and >1 abnormality (5.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, transthoracic echocardiography had therapy implications in 37.2% of ischemic stroke patients in sinus rhythm. Transthoracic echocardiography should be considered an essential test in all ischemic stroke patients in sinus rhythm.
authors.affiliation: Cardiac and Neurologic Ultrassonography Laboratory, Hospital do Espírito Santo-Evora, Evora, Portugal. ttabreu@clix.pt
authors.forename: Tiago Tribolet de
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Sónia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mateus
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Correia
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000175:diagnosis; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004617:Embolism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants