title: Appropriate use of personal protective equipment among healthcare workers in public sector hospitals and primary healthcare polyclinics during the SARS outbreak in Singapore.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Singapore was affected by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from 25 February to 31 May 2003, with 238 probable cases and 33 deaths.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) among three groups of healthcare workers (HCWs: doctors, nurses, and administrative staff), to determine if the appropriate PPE were used by the different groups and to examine the factors that may determine inappropriate use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A self-administered questionnaire survey of 14,554 HCWs in nine healthcare settings, which included tertiary care hospitals, community hospitals, and polyclinics, was carried out in May-July 2003. Only doctors, nurses, and clerical staff were selected for subsequent analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 10 236 valid questionnaires were returned (70.3% response); 873 doctors, 4404 nurses, and 921 clerical staff were studied. A total of 32.5% of doctors, 48.7% of nurses, and 77.1% of the administrative staff agreed that paper and/or surgical masks were "useful in protecting from contracting SARS". Among this group, 23.6% of doctors and 42.3% of nurses reported working with SARS patients. The view that a paper and/or surgical mask was adequate protection against SARS was held by 33.3% of doctors and 55.9% of nurses working at the A&E unit, 30.5% of doctors and 49.4% of nurses from medical wards, and 27.5% of doctors and 37.1% of nurses from intensive care units. Factors which predicted for agreement that paper and/or surgical masks were protective against SARS, included HCW's job title, reported contact with SARS patients, area of work, and Impact Events Scale scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A variety of factors determine appropriate use of personal protective equipment by HCWs in the face of a major SARS outbreak.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. cofcse@nus.edu.sg
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Chia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fones
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: B H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chew
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Muttakin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Emmanuel
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Koh
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000288:Administrative Personnel; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D017053:Infection Control; D017758:Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008397:Masks; D008503:Medical Staff; D009740:Nursing Staff; D010356:Patient Isolation; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires