title: An abused five-month-old girl: Hangman's fracture or congenital arch defect?
abstract: Hangman's fractures are a rare finding in childhood. In case of suspected or proven child abuse, differentiation with a congenital defect of the posterior arch of C2 is essential. We present the case of a 5-month-old girl, who had a history of being physically abused by one of her caretakers. On the lateral view of the cervical spine, a defect of the posterior elements of C2 and an anterolisthesis of C2 on C3 was seen. CT scan showed a bilateral defect in the posterior elements of C2. No soft-tissue swelling of hematoma was noted. MRI showed a normal signal intensity of the intervertebral disc C2-C3. No haematoma was noted. Clinical examination revealed a slight head lag and local tenderness; there were no neurological deficits. This case shows that the differentiation between a congenital C2 arch defect and a hangman's fracture is precarious. In this case the findings on MRI and CT scan were interpreted as a congenital posterior arch defect (spondylolysis).
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Centre/Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: van Rijn
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Kool
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: de Witt Hamer
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Majoie
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011859:Radiography; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis*