title: Cholecystokinin octapeptide improves cardiac function by activating cholecystokinin octapeptide receptor in endotoxic shock rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effect of sulfated cholecystokinin octapeptide (sCCK-8) on cardiac functions and its receptor mechanism in endotoxic shock (ES) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The changes of the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), the left ventricular pressure (LVP) and the maximal/minimum rate of LVP (+/-LVdp/dt(max))) were measured by using physiological record instrument in eight groups of rats. The expression of cholecystokinin-A receptor (CCK-AR) and cholecystokinin-B receptor (CCK-BR) mRNA of myocardium in ES rats was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) Low doses of sCCK-8 (0.4 microg/kg) caused tachycardia (441+/-27, normal control 391+/-22 s/min) and slight increase in MAP, LVP and +/-LVdp/dt(max) (16.96+/-1.79, 18.21+/-1.69 and +768.85+/-31.28/-565.04+/-27.71 kPa, respectively, all P<0.01), while medium doses (4.0 microg/kg) and high doses of sCCK-8 (40 microg/kg) elicited bradycardia and marked increase in MAP, LVP and +/-LVdp/dt(max) (17.29+/-1.63, 19.46+/-2.57 and +831.46+/-22.57/-606.08 +/-31.32; 17.46+/-1.08, 19.83+/-2.91 and +914.52+/-35.95/-639.15+/-30.23 kPa, respectively, all P<0.01). Proglumide (1.0 mg/kg), a nonselective antagonist of CCK-receptor (CCK-R), significantly inhibited the pressor effects of sCCK-8 (15.96+/-1.38, 17.36+/-0.66 and +748.18+/-19.29/-512.12+/-14.39 kPa, respectively, all P<0.01), whilst reversing the bradycardiac responses. (2) High doses of LPS (8 mg/kg) elicited marked decrease in MAP, LVP and +/-LVdp/dt(max). (7.16+/-0.59, 7.6+/-0.68 and +298.01+/-25.52/-166.96+/-19.25 kPa, respectively, all P<0.01). Pretreatment with sCCK-8 (40 microg/kg) could reverse the decline of cardiac functions (10.71+/-0.45, 11.7+/-1.26 and +446.04+/-67.18/-347.90+/-36.98 kPa, respectively, all P<0.01), while proglumide could cause further decline of cardiac function in ES rats (4.71+/-0.67, 5.58+/-1.25 and +226.48+/-15.84/-142.83+/-20.23 kPa, respectively, all P<0.01). (3) CCK-A/BR mRNAs were expressed in myocardium of control rats. Gene expression of CCK-AR and CCK-BR significantly increased in myocardium of ES rats. The increase of CCK-AR mRNA induced by LPS began at 0.5 h, peaked at 2 h, kept a high level at 6 h and declined at 12 h, respectively. Similar to CCK-AR mRNA, the expression of CCK-BR mRNA peaked at 2 h and kept a high level at 6 h, but it did not change at the first 0.5 h and was stable at a high level at 12 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The above results indicate that endogenous and exogenous sCCK-8 may significantly improve cardiac function and intractable hypotension of ES rats, which was likely related to high expression of CCK-A/BR in myocardium induced by LPS.
authors.affiliation: The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, Guangdong Province, China. xiaoyunzh@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Xiao-Yun
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Yi-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ling
authors.forename: Yu-Guang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ai-Hong
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Han-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Xing
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012844:Sincalide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D011949:Receptors, Cholecystokinin; D012844:Sincalide