title: Kidney preserving solutions containing lidocaine may increase urological complication rate after renal transplantation: an in vitro study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The frequency of urological complications after renal transplantation is up to 12%. Some authors consider that lidocaine addition to preservation solutions produces a favorable influence on allograft function. However, lidocaine may influence urinary tract epithelial cells. The aim of this work was to establish the influence of lidocaine on cultured primary rabbit urothelial cells (PRUC) as a tool to understand mechanisms of urological complications after kidney transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PRUC culture was established from an 8-month-old male rabbit bladder. The cells were cultured alone and then with in various concentrations of lidocaine for 24 hours or 1 hour. After an additional 24 hours, cell viability was assessed by the trypan blue exclusion test. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis, with significance set at P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cytotoxic effects of lidocaine on PRUC were concentration dependent. One-hour exposure of PRUC culture to 0.5 or 1.0% lidocaine decreased cell viability. Both lidocaine concentrations decreased cell viability in PRUC culture after a 24-hour incubation; even 0.25% lidocaine caused changes in the PRUC culture morphology after a 1-hour incubation. Cells became rounded and detached from the growth surface. No cells were observed in the monolayer after 1-hour incubation with 1% of lidocaine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The toxic effects of lidocaine on PRUC may forecast problems with supplementation of kidney preservation solutions, leading to impaired epithelial layer healing with an increased risk of urological complications.
authors.affiliation: Medical Biology Department, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Karlowicza 24, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Drewa
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wolski
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galazka
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wlodarczyk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wozniak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival; D007668:Kidney; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D011817:Rabbits; D019459:Urothelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D019188:Organ Preservation Solutions; D008012:Lidocaine