title: Temporal expression patterns and corresponding protein inductions of early responsive genes in rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells under cyclic compressive loading.
abstract: Our recent study suggested that cyclic compressive loading may promote chondrogenesis of rabbit bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in agarose cultures through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling pathway. It has been shown that the activating protein 1 (AP-1) (Jun-Fos) complex mediated autoinduction of TGF-beta1 and its binding activity was essential for promoting chondrogenesis of mesenchymal cells, whereas Sox9 was identified as an essential transcription factor for chondrogenesis of embryonic mesenchymal cells. The objective of this study was to examine temporal expression patterns of early responsive genes (Sox9, c-Fos, c-Jun, and TGF-beta type I and II receptors) and induction of their corresponding proteins in agarose culture of rabbit BM-MSCs subjected to cyclic compressive loading. The rabbit BM-MSCs were obtained from the tibias and femurs of New Zealand White rabbits. Cell-agarose constructs were made by suspending BM-MSCs in 2% agarose gel (10(7) cells/ml) for cyclic, unconfined compression tests performed in a custom-made bioreactor. In the loading experiment, specimens were subjected to sinusoidal loading with a magnitude of 15% strain at a frequency of 1 hertz for 4 hours per day. Experiments were conducted for 2 consecutive days. This study showed that cyclic compressive loading promoted gene expressions of Sox9, c-Jun, and both TGF-beta receptors and productions of their corresponding proteins, whereas those gene expressions exhibited different temporal expression patterns among genes and between 2 days of testing. The gene expression of c-Fos was detected only in the samples subjected to1-hour dynamic compressive loading. These findings suggest that the TGF-beta signal transduction and activities of AP-1 and Sox9 are involved in the early stage of BM-MSC chondrogenesis promoted by dynamic compressive loading.
authors.affiliation: Research Service, Miami VA Medical Center, 1201 NW 16th Street, Miami, Florida 33125, USA.
authors.forename: C-Y Charles
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Reuben
authors.forename: Herman S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Cheung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019149:Bioreactors; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D016762:Genes, fos; D016758:Genes, jun; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014157:Transcription Factors