title: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into hepatocytes in vitro.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism and regulation of differentiation from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into hepatocytes and to find a new source of cell types for therapies of hepatic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  MSCs were isolated by combining gradient density centrifugation with plastic adherence. The cells were cultured in osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation medium and determined by histochemical staining. MSCs were plated in plastic culture flasks that were not coated with components of extracellular matrix (ECM). When MSCs reached 70% confluence, they were cultured in low glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10 mL/L fetal bovine serum, 20 ng/mL hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and 10 ng/mL fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4). The medium was changed every 3 d and stored for albumin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and urea assay. Glycogen store of hepatocytes was determined by periodic acid-Schiff staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By combining gradient density centrifugation with plastic adherence, we isolated a homogeneous population of cells from rat bone marrow and differentiated them into osteocytes and adipocytes. When MSCs were cultured with FGF-4 and HGF, approximately 56.6% of cells became small round and epithelioid on d 24 by morphology. Compared with the control, levels of AFP increased significantly from d 12 to 15.5+/-1.4 microg/L (t = 2.31, P<0.05) in MSCs cultured with FGF-4 and HGF, and were higher (46.2+/-1.5 microg/L) on d 21 (t = 41.926, P<0.01), then decreased to 24.8+/-2.2 microg/L on d 24 (t = 10.345, P<0.01). Albumin increased significantly on d 21 (t = 3.325, P<0.01) to 1.4+/-0.2 microg/mL, and to 2.1+/-0.7 microg/mL on d 24 (t = 3.646, P<0.01). Urea (2.3+/-0.4 mmol/L) was first detected on d 21 (t = 6.739, P<0.01), and continued to increase to 2.6+/-0.9 mmol/L on d 24 (t = 4.753, P<0.01). Glycogen storage was first seen on d 21.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The method combining gradient density centrifugation with plastic adherence can isolate MSCs. Rat MSCs may be differentiated into hepatocytes by FGF-4 and HGF. Cytokines may play a more important role in differentiation from rat MSCs into hepatocytes.
authors.affiliation: Box 77, Division of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
authors.forename: Xin-Qin
authors.initials: XQ
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Wei-Jin
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Tu-Sheng
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Xiao-Li
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Xiao-Jiang
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Dong-Ling
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ke-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Sheng-Li
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zhi-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000166:cytology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley