title: Inhibitory effects of a fermented ginseng extract, BST204, on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages.
abstract: In this study, the effects of BST204, a fermented ginseng extract, on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) production are looked into. Crude ginseng extract was incubated with ginsenoside-beta-glucosidase to prepare BST204. BST204, unlike lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and crude ginseng extract, did not affect the level of iNOS protein and NO production in unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells. However, it suppressed the level of iNOS protein and NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells but did not manifest the same effect on the iNOS mRNA level. An investigation of the activating phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase and 4E-BP1, which are important for translation, was conducted to investigate the suppressive mechanism of iNOS protein. LPS increased the phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase, but not 4E-BP1, in a time-dependent manner, and BST204 inhibited it in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of iNOS protein, however, was partially suppressed by rapamycin, an upstream inhibitor of p70 S6 kinase. Therefore, this paper suggests that the suppression of iNOS protein by BST204 was partially correlated with the inhibition of p70 S6 kinase activation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, College of Medicine and Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Jun Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Nam Wook
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yong Jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sung Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Na Young
authors.initials: NY
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Erk
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Her
authors.forename: Young Hyo
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Jie Wan
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Beob Yi
authors.initials: BY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hoi Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young Mi
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Wahn Soo
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D005285:Fermentation; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages; D051379:Mice; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C504856:BST204 ginseng extract; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa