title: A new agent for treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome: thymoquinone. An experimental study in a rat model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury (ALI) are important clinical problems in thoracic surgery and critical care medicine. Most of the treatment methods are still supportive. Thymoquinone has anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, bronchodilator and antibacterial effects. We studied its effects on ALI/ARDS in a rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  ALI/ARDS was developed in 40 Sprague-Dawley male rats (200-250 g in weight) by intratracheal instillation of human gastric juice (pH 1.2). Rats were treated with mechanic ventilator for 3h. There were five groups: Control group (n=11); Steroid group (n=10); Ethanol group (n=5); Thymoquinone group (n=9) and Thymoquinone+Steroid group (n=5). No instillation except gastric juice was applied in the first group. Thymoquinone was given in dosage of 6 mg/kg, metilprednisolone in dosage of 10mg/kg, ethanol 0.75 ml/kg intraperitoneally (IP). Blood gas analysis and compliance measurement were done. At the end of the third hour, rats were sacrificed and their lungs were excised for histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the thymoquinone group, the ratio of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen (PO2/FiO2) was significantly better compared to the other groups (P=0.000-0.043). Static compliance measurements revealed higher values in thymoquinone and thymoquinone+steroid groups. Histopathological examinations showed that affected lung tissue is lower in groups 2 and 4 (P=0.000-0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study revealed that thymoquinone improved oxygenation while both thymoquinone and steroids protect lung tissue from hazardous effects of human gastric juice (pH 1.2) histopathologically.
authors.affiliation: Thoracic Surgery Department, Medical School, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey. abaybora@msn.com
authors.forename: Ahmet Feridun
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Isik
authors.forename: Ismail
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kati
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bayram
authors.forename: Hanefi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozbek
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000431:Ethanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000502:physiology; D055370:Lung Injury; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D016227:Benzoquinones; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D000431:Ethanol; C003466:thymoquinone; D010100:Oxygen; D008775:Methylprednisolone