title: Ki-ras mutations in codon 12 and p53 mutations (biomarkers) and cytology in bile in patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The differentiation between benign and malignant jaundice is sometimes difficult even with modern diagnostic modalities. With recent advances in molecular biology, Ki-ras point mutation in codon 12 and p53 mutation have been reported as novel biomarkers of hepatobiliary and pancreatic carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to compare exfoliative bile cytology and biomarkers of the bile in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytologic examination and novel biomarkers, point mutations of codon 12 of Ki-ras and p53 mutations, were examined in the biliary tract bile aspirated through percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) tube in 30 Japanese patients with benign and malignant hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity of the exfoliative bile cytology for malignant conditions was 31% and specificity 100%, while sensitivity of molecular markers of the bile was 25% and specificity 93%. When the cytologic examination and genetic study were in conjunction, sensitivity increased to 50% and specificity remained 93%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that genetic examinations of the bile, when used in conjunction with cytology, may improve the diagnostic yield for suspected malignant tumors of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Eishi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: Moritoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001646:Bile / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D017734:Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D011905:Genes, ras / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003062:Codon; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)