title: Effect of oral administration of zanapezil (TAK-147) for 21 days on acetylcholine and monoamines levels in the ventral hippocampus of freely moving rats.
abstract: Zanapezil (TAK-147 (3-[1benzylpiperdin-4-yl]-1-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-1-benzazepin-8-yl) propan-1-one fumarate)) is a selective acetylcholine (ACh) esterase inhibitor under investigation as a drug for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. In this study, the effects of TAK-147 at 2 mg kg(-1) p.o. for 21 days, compared to donepezil (E2020), on the levels of ACh, catecolamines and indoleamines were investigated in the ventral hippocampus (VH) of freely moving rats by microdialysis-high-performance liquid chromatography. The results revealed that the VH contains 92.05+/-21.97 fmol 20 microl(-1) ACh and the following monoamines levels (pg 30 microl(-1)), norepinephrine (NE) 1.92+/-0.39, epinephrine (Epi) 1.91+/-0.183, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) 11.53+/-3.22, normetanephrine 3.26+/-0.61, dopamine (DA) 0.77+/-0.23, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) 3.37+/-1.01, homovanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid; HVA) 4.04+/-0.93, 3-methoxytyramine 0.64+/-0.13, serotonin (5-HT) 0.73+/-0.16 and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) 313.15+/-18.42. On the 21st day and prior to the last dose, TAK-147 increased ACh, Epi, DA and 5-HT, whereas E2020 increased MHPG, Epi and DA. Following the last dose, TAK-147 increased NE, whereas E2020 increased NE, ACh and 5-HT in addition to their effects prior to the last dose. TAK-147 decreased HVA : DA ratio, but only marginally decreased DOPAC : DA and 5-HIAA : 5-HT ratios. On the other hand, E2020 decreased ratios of HVA : DA, DOPAC : DA (prior to the last dose), and 5-HIAA : 5-HT (90-180 min after the last dose). Both drugs decreased MHPG : NE only at 180 min after the last dose. The results also showed that TAK-147 increased Epi : NE ratio prior to and for 120 min following the last dose, whereas E2020 increased the ratio only before the last dose. The present results show that TAK-147 at a subthreshold dose could differentially increase ACh and 5-HT, compared to MHPG increased by E2020. The last dose of each drug could extend their effects to other monoamines. The increase of the monoamines levels, in addition to that on the ACh, and decrease of their oxidation could be of value in the treatment of the AD, other dementic diseases and the cohort neurological disorders depending on the type of the monoamine underlying the disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Kinikli, Denizli 20070, Turkey. izhatip@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Izzettin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hatip-Al-Khatib
authors.forename: Katsunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Yoshitaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshimitsu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egashira
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mishima
authors.forename: Tomoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Michihiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000077265:Donepezil; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; C099872:TAK 147; D000077265:Donepezil; D000109:Acetylcholine