title: Calcium-fortified beverage supplementation on body composition in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the effects of a calcium-fortified beverage supplemented over 12 months on body composition in postmenopausal women (n = 37, age = 48-75 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  Body composition (total-body percent fat, %FatTB; abdominal percent fat, %FatAB) was measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. After baseline assessments, subjects were randomly assigned to a free-living control group (CTL) or the supplement group (1,125 mg Ca++/d, CAL). Dietary intake was assessed with 3-day diet records taken at baseline and 12 months (POST). Physical activity was measured using the Yale Physical Activity Survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 12 months, the dietary calcium to protein ratio in the CAL group (32.3 +/- 15.6 mg/g) was greater than the CTL group (15.2 +/- 7.5 mg/g). There were no differences from baseline to POST between groups for changes in body weight (CAL = 0.1 +/- 3.0 kg; CTL = 0.0 +/- 2.9 kg), %FatTB (CAL = 0.0 +/- 2.4%; CTL = 0.5 +/- 5.4%), %FatAB (CAL = -0.4 +/- 8.7%; CTL = 0.6 +/- 8.7%), or fat mass (CAL = 1.3 +/- 2.6 kg; CTL = 1.3 +/- 2.7 kg).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that increasing the calcium to protein ratio over two-fold by consuming a calcium-fortified beverage for 12 months did not decrease body weight, body fat, or abdominal fat composition in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Nutrition, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA. haub@ksu.edu
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Haub
authors.forename: Tammy R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Simons
authors.forename: Chad M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Valentina M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Remig
authors.forename: Enas K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Al-Tamimi
authors.forename: Carol Ann
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Holcomb
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000368:Aged; D001628:Beverages; D001823:Body Composition; D001835:Body Weight; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004032:Diet; D015930:Diet Records; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D017698:Postmenopause
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins