A structural perspective of CTD function.
The C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) integrates nuclear events by binding proteins involved in mRNA biogenesis. CTD-binding proteins recognize a specific CTD phosphorylation pattern, which changes during the transcription cycle, due to the action of CTD-modifying enzymes. Structural and functional studies of CTD-binding and -modifying proteins now reveal some of the mechanisms underlying CTD function. Proteins recognize CTD phosphorylation patterns either directly, by contacting phosphorylated residues, or indirectly, without contact to the phosphate. The catalytic mechanisms of CTD kinases and phosphatases are known, but the basis for CTD specificity of these enzymes remains to be understood.
Meinhart
Anton
A
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gene Center, University of Munich (LMU), 81377 Munich, Germany.
Kamenski
Tomislav
T
Hoeppner
Sabine
S
Baumli
Sonja
S
Cramer
Patrick
P
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
D002352:Carrier Proteins; C416934:SSU72 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; D011494:Protein Kinases; C060137:carboxy-terminal domain kinase; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; C116022:carboxy-terminal domain phosphatase