title: Treatment planning for scanned ion beams.
abstract: Since 1997 a radiotherapy unit using fast carbon ions is operational at GSI. An intensity-controlled magnetic raster scanner together with a synchrotron allowing fast energy variation enable a unique method of purely active dose shaping in three dimensions. This contribution describes the necessary steps to establish a treatment planning system for this novel modality. We discuss the requirements for the physical beam model and the radiobiological model. Based on these we chose to implement a home-grown pencil beam model to describe the ion-tissue interaction and the Local Effect Model to calculate the RBE voxel-by-voxel. Given the large number of degrees of freedom biological dose optimization must be achieved by means of inverse treatment planning. All ion-related aspects are collected in our TRiP98 software. Biological dosimetry measuring cell survival in two dimensions turns out to be a good way to verify the model predictions as well as the actual irradiation procedure. We show a patient example and outline the future steps towards a dedicated clinic facility for all light ions.
authors.affiliation: GSI Biophysik, Planck-Str. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany. m.kraemer@gsi.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krämer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Jäkel
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Haberer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rietzel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weyrather
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D063193:Heavy Ion Radiotherapy; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon