title: HIV type 1 genotypic variation in an antiretroviral treatment-naive population in southern India.
abstract: Most studies of HIV-1 drug resistance have examined subtype B viruses; fewer data are available from developing countries, where non-B subtypes predominate. We determined the prevalence of mutations at protease and reverse transcriptase drug resistance positions in antiretroviral drug-naive individuals in southern India. The pol region of the genome was amplified from plasma HIV-1 RNA in 50 patients. All sequences clustered with HIV-1 subtype C. All patients had at least one protease and/or RT mutation at a known subtype B drug resistance position. Twenty percent of patients had mutations at major protease inhibitor resistance positions and 100% had mutations at minor protease inhibitor resistance positions. Six percent and 14% of patients had mutations at nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and/or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance positions, respectively. Larger scale studies need to be undertaken to better define the genotypic variation of circulating Indian subtype C viruses and their potential impact on drug susceptibility and clinical outcome in treated individuals.
authors.affiliation: YRG CARE, Centre for AIDS Research and Education, VHS, Taramani, Chennai 600 113, India. bala@yrgcare.org
authors.forename: Pachamuthu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balakrishnan
authors.forename: Nagalingeswaran
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumarasamy
authors.forename: Rami
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kantor
authors.forename: Suniti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Sundararajan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vidya
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Mayer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Newstein
authors.forename: Sadras P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Thyagarajan
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Katzenstein
authors.forename: Bharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ramratnam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D001483:Base Sequence; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010802:Phylogeny; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease