title: Effects of menopause and tibolone on antioxidants in postmenopausal women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ageing and menopause, and can arise through the increased production of lipid peroxides and/or a deficiency of antioxidant defence.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of the menopause and tibolone treatment (2.5 mg/day for six months) on plasma antioxidants and lipid peroxidation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma concentrations of ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, total thiol groups, caeruloplasmin, erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in 24 postmenopausal and 24 premenopausal healthy women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data analysis indicates a significant decrease in plasma ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, total thiol groups, [corrected]erythrocyte GSH and a significant increase in lipid peroxides (expressed as MDA concentrations) in postmenopausal women. There was no significant difference between control and study groups in the mean plasma caeruloplasmin concentrations. It was found that there is a significant increase in alpha-tocopherol and significant decrease in lipid peroxide concentrations in postmenopausal after tibolone treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The menopause is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease of some antioxidants, such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, total thiols and erythrocyte GSH. Tibolone treatment leads to a decrease in concentrations of plasma lipid peroxide, probably by stimulating direct and indirect mechanisms of tocopherol regeneration and increasing plasma concentrations of vitamin E. However, due to the relatively small numbers involved this study can be regarded as a pilot. Further studies performed on a larger scale are necessary to establish the exact mechanisms of tibolone in inhibiting oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Istanbul Medical Facility, Capa 34093, Istanbul, Turkey. pervinvural@yahoo.com [corrected]
authors.forename: Perin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vural
authors.forename: Cemil
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Akgül
authors.forename: Mukaddes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Canbaz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D008593:Menopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017697:Premenopause / Q000502:physiology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000097:blood; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D020847:Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D009652:Norpregnenes; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002570:Ceruloplasmin; C027385:tibolone; D005978:Glutathione; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol