title: Psychosocial factors and interleukin-6 among women with advanced ovarian cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Relations among psychological stress, depression, social support, and interleukin-6 (IL-6, a proinflammatory cytokine) have been documented in humans and animals. Because elevated IL-6 is associated with a poorer prognosis among ovarian cancer patients and has been implicated in the metastasis of ovarian cancer, the current study examined relations between psychosocial factors and IL-6 among women with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one ovarian cancer patients completed assessments of social support, distressed mood, and quality of life before surgery. Peripheral blood was drawn preoperatively, and the plasma was assayed for IL-6. Ascites samples were also assayed for IL-6 for a subset of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both IL-6 levels and distressed mood were elevated among patients. After statistically adjusting effects of age and disease stage, social attachment was associated with lower levels of IL-6 in peripheral blood (P = 0.03), whereas poorer health-related quality of life was associated with higher IL-6 (P values ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 on different measures). This pattern of relations was also found in the ascites. Moreover, IL-6 levels in peripheral blood plasma correlated significantly with IL-6 in the ascites (P < 0.001), suggesting that peripheral IL-6 reflects IL-6 levels at the site of the tumor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that social support may play a protective role with respect to IL-6 elevations, and IL-6 may be an independent marker of health-related quality of life among ovarian cancer patients. Processes involving IL-6 represent possible pathways by which behavioral factors may contribute to disease outcomes among women with ovarian cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
authors.forename: Erin S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Costanzo
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lutgendorf
authors.forename: Anil K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sood
authors.forename: Barrie
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Joel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sorosky
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Lubaroff
mesh_terms: D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D003863:Depression / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology*; D011584:Psychology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012944:Social Support; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6