title: The influence of lower face vertical proportion on facial attractiveness.
abstract: This study investigated the influence of changing lower face vertical proportion on the attractiveness ratings scored by lay people.Ninety-two social science students rated the attractiveness of a series of silhouettes with normal, reduced or increased lower face proportions. The random sequences of 10 images included an image with the Eastman normal lower face height relative to total face height [lower anterior face height/total anterior face height (LAFH/TAFH) of 55 per cent], and images with LAFH/TAFH increased or decreased by up to four standard deviations (SD) from the Eastman norm. All the images had a skeletal Class I antero-posterior (AP) relationship. A duplicate image in each sequence assessed repeatability. The participants scored each image using a 10 point numerical scale and also indicated whether they would seek treatment if the image was their own profile. The profile image with normal vertical facial proportions was rated by the lay people as the most attractive. Attractiveness scores reduced as the vertical facial proportions diverged from the normal value. Images with a reduced lower face proportion were rated as significantly more attractive than the corresponding images with an increased lower face proportion. Images with a reduced lower face proportion were also significantly less likely to be judged as needing treatment than the corresponding images with an increased lower face proportion.
authors.affiliation: Orthodontic Division, Oral Healthcare Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, UK. darren.johnston@qub.ac.uk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Burden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevenson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hepper
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001504:Beauty; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000592:standards; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014716:Vertical Dimension