Poly(ADP-ribosylation) and genomic stability.
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the synthesis of ADP-ribose polymers and attach them to specific target proteins. To date, 6 members of this protein family in humans have been characterized. The best-known PARP, PARP-1, is located within the nucleus and has a major function in DNA repair but also in the execution of cell death pathways. Other PARP enzymes appear to carry out highly specific functions. Most prominently, the tankyrases modify telomere-binding proteins and thereby regulate telomere maintenance. Since only a single enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), has been identified, which degrades poly(ADP-ribose), it is expected that this protein has important roles in PARP-mediated regulatory processes. This review summarizes recent observations indicating that poly(ADP-ribosylation) represents a major mechanism to regulate genomic stability both when DNA is damaged by exogenous agents and during cell division.
Oei
Shiao Li
SL
Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biochemie, Germany. lity@chemie.fu-berlin.de
Keil
Claudia
C
Ziegler
Mathias
M
D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002384:Catalysis; D002455:Cell Division; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005091:Exons; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000737:chemistry; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016615:Telomere / Q000648:ultrastructure
D011108:Polymers; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D000246:Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; C483041:PARP2 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases