title: The Belgrade childhood diabetes study: a multivariate analysis of risk determinants for diabetes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate some hypotheses about factors related to the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study was conducted in Belgrade during the period 1994-1997. A total of 105 recently onset diabetic and 210 control children, individually matched by age (+/-1 year), sex and place of residence, were included in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to multivariate regression analysis, the following factors were related to type 1 diabetes: stressful events and symptoms of psychological dysfunction during the 12 months preceding the onset of the disease [odds ratio (OR) 3.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.15-5.65; and OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.33-3.48], irregular vaccination (OR 16.98, 95% CI 1.38-208.92), infection during 6 months preceding the onset of the disease (OR 4.23, 95% CI 1.95-9.17), higher education of father (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05-2.14), mother's consumption of nitrosoamines-rich food during pregnancy (OR 4.33, 95% CI 1.95-9.61), alcohol consumption by father (OR 3.80, 95% CI 1.64-8.78), insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in three generations of children's relatives (OR 20.04, 95% CI 4.73-84.81; and OR 5.52, 95% CI 2.45-12.46), and use of ultrasound diagnostic techniques during pregnancy (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.17-1.00).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among non-genetic factors, those affecting the child during pregnancy are especially important because of their preventability.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Belgrade University, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
authors.forename: Sandra B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Sipetić
authors.forename: Hristina D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Vlajinac
authors.forename: Nikola I
authors.initials: NI
authors.lastname: Kocev
authors.forename: Jelena M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Marinković
authors.forename: Slobodan Z
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Radmanović
authors.forename: Milan D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Bjekić
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015022:Yugoslavia