title: [Closure of extrocardiac Fontan fenestration by using the Amplatzer duct occluder].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A direct or tubular communication between the systemic venous system and the systemic atrium, generally called fenestration, is surgically created to improve the postoperative period of patients undergoing total cavopulmonary connection. However, a fenestration prompts a potentially deleterious right to left shunt, and is generally closed after the postoperative period. Direct fenestrations can be closed using coils, or devices designed for atrial septal defect closure. However, no devices have been designed for closure of extracardiac fenestrations. We report our experience concerning the closure of extracardiac Fontan fenestration by the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO).
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2001 to December 2002, we closed extracardiac Fontan fenestrations using the ADO device in 10 consecutive patients. Indications to fenestration closure were: low velocity shunt through the fenestration, mild desaturation, and absence of effusions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a successful closure of the fenestration. The procedure was performed through the femoral vein in 7 cases and through the right jugular vein in 3. Mean central venous pressure increased not significantly from 12 to 13-mmHg. Mean oxygen saturation increased significantly from 90 to 97% (p<0.001). Immediate shut abolition was obtained in 9 cases. No complications were observed. At a median follow-up of 12 months (range 6-18 months), all patients are free of symptoms and have a normal oxygen saturation at rest as well as at exertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ADO device allowed closing the extracardiac Fontan fenestration in all patients with no mortality, no morbidity and a rate of 100% of complete closure at mid-term follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Service de cardiologie pédiatrique, hôpital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Boudjemline
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sidi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Agnoletti
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005268:Femoral Vein / Q000601:surgery; D018729:Fontan Procedure / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000601:surgery*; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018785:Tricuspid Atresia / Q000601:surgery*