title: Bloodstream infections and invasive mycoses in children undergoing acute leukaemia treatment: a 13-year experience at a single Italian institution.
abstract: The incidence rate (IR) of bloodstream infections (BI) and invasive mycoses (IM) during chemotherapy for paediatric acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or non-lymphoblastic leukaemias (AnLL) was evaluated for 153 BI and 22 IM diagnosed during 143,668 patient-days at risk from January 1988 to December 2000. IR, the number of episodes/100 days at risk, was 0.315 for AnLL and 0.092 for ALL (P < 0.001) with significant changes reflecting the intensity of anti-ALL chemotherapy. IR was 0.097 for first-line less intensive, 0.136 during first-line intensive, 0.261 during second-line therapy (P < 0.001), and 0.021 during maintenance. During intensive chemotherapy, the IR for BI was 0.134 in ALL with 0.087 for first-line less intensive therapy, 0.110 for first-line intensive, 0.230 for second-line intensive therapy (P < 0.001) and 0.274 in AnLL (P = 0.001). IR was 0.021 in ALL and 0.048 in AnLL (P = 0.034) for IM. In conclusion, there is a correlation between intensity of chemotherapy and rate of infections in paediatric acute leukaemias.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Hematology/Oncology, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy. eliocastagnola@ospedale-gaslini.ge.it
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Castagnola
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Caviglia
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pistorio
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fioredda
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Micalizzi
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viscoli
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haupt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016469:Fungemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009181:Mycoses / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents