title: Characterization of spent AA household alkaline batteries.
abstract: The aim of this work is identification of the structural components of actual domestic spent alkaline AA batteries, as well as quantification of some of their characteristics. Weight, humidity, ash content, zinc and zinc oxide on anode, manganese on cathode and other metals, potassium hydroxide on the internal components and heating values for papers, anode and cathode were determined in several batteries. As expected, cathode, anode and the steel can container are the main contributors to the 23.5 g average weight of the batteries. Cathode is also the major contributor to the positive heating value of the batteries as well as to the heavy metals content. Mercury was detected in very low levels in these mercury-free batteries. Zinc and zinc oxide amounts in the anodes are highly variable. Results obtained were compared to information on alkaline batteries in the literature from 1993 to 1995; and a positive evolution in their manufacture is readily apparent. Data from the producer of batteries shows some small discrepancies relative to the results of this experimental work.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Processes, Environment and Energy Engineering, Engineering Faculty of Porto University, Portugal. mfa@fe.up.pt
authors.forename: Manuel F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Susana M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Xará
authors.forename: Julanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Delgado
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Costa
mesh_terms: D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004566:Electrodes; D006794:Household Articles; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D013431:Sulfates / Q000032:analysis; D014866:Waste Products / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D013431:Sulfates; D014866:Waste Products; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D001151:Arsenic; D011188:Potassium