title: Probiotics used in human studies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the literature from 1980 to 2004 for the types of studies and organisms used as probiotics in human studies and diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  PubMed search for probiotic organisms used in studies from 1980 to August 2004. The data from those papers were evaluated for organisms used, dose, vehicle, frequency, and investigator's report of positive or negative results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 185 manuscripts were identified. Investigators reported results of both single and multiple organisms in the same manuscript. A single organism was used in 125 reports, and multiple organisms, ranging from 2 to 9, were used in 60 reports. Positive results were reported in 239 clinical situations and negative results reported in 49 in a total of 288 clinical conclusions drawn by the respective investigators. The studies are tabulated in this review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a large literature available in credible journals that report benefit of probiotic administration using a wide range of doses, organisms, and clinical situations. Most of the studies are simple reports of a clinical situation and require additional evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA. montrose@student.uchc.edu
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montrose
authors.forename: Martin H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Floch
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*