title: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase I and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase participate in the control of cell cycle progression in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
abstract: Calcium is universally required for cell growth and proliferation. Calmodulin is the main intracellular receptor for calcium. Although calcium and calmodulin are well known to be required for cell cycle regulation, the target pathways for their action remain poorly defined. Potential targets include the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinases (CaM-K). The aim of this study was to determine the role of the CaM-Ks on cell proliferation and progress through the cell cycle in breast cancer cells. CaM-KI inhibition with either KN-93 or specific interfering RNA (siRNA) caused an arrest in the cell cycle in the human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. This arrest occurred in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Supporting this finding, CaM-K inhibition using KN-93 also resulted in a reduction of cyclin D1 protein and pRb phosphorylation when cells were compared with control cultures. Furthermore, inhibition of the upstream activator of CaM-KI, CaM-KK, using siRNA also resulted in cell cycle arrest. In summary, CaM-KK and CaM-KI participate in the control of the G(0)-G(1) restriction check point of the cell cycle in human breast cancer cells. This arrest seems due to an inhibition in cyclin D1 synthesis and a reduction in pRb phosphorylation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that CaM-KK has been reported to be involved in mammalian cell cycle regulation and that CaM-Ks are regulating breast cancer cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Leo Jenkins Cancer Center, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, USA.
authors.forename: Oswaldo G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Mora
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: LaHair
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McCubrey
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Franklin
mesh_terms: D001596:Benzylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D001596:Benzylamines; D054737:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D013449:Sulfonamides; C072105:KN 93; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides