title: Regulation of fibroblast growth factor-2 activity by human ovarian cancer tumor endothelium.
abstract: Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) is a potent angiogenic cytokine that is dependent on heparan sulfate for its biological activity. We have investigated the relationship among heparan sulfate, FGF-2, and the signal-transducing receptors in human, advanced-stage, serous ovarian adenocarcinoma. Using a unique molecular probe, FR1c-Ap, which consisted of a soluble FGF receptor 1 isoform IIIc covalently linked to an alkaline phosphatase moiety, the distribution of heparan sulfate that had the ability to support the formation of a heparan sulfate/FGF-2/FGFR1 isoform IIIc alkaline phosphatase heparan sulfate construct complex was determined. This may be taken as a surrogate marker for the distribution of biologically active heparan sulfate and was distributed predominantly in endothelial cells and stroma but was absent from adenocarcinoma cells. In situ hybridization revealed the expression of FGFR1 mRNA in the endothelium and reverse transcription-PCR confirmed the presence of FGFR1 isoform IIIc but not isoform IIIb. The presence of FGF-2 around tumor endothelium was detected through immunohistochemistry. Double-staining techniques showed that heparan sulfate was found predominantly at the basal aspect of the endothelium and suggested that syndecan-3 might function as one of the proteoglycans involved in FGF-2 signaling in the endothelium. The data suggest that the entire extracellular signaling apparatus, consisting of FGF-2, biologically active heparan sulfate, and FGFRs capable of responding to FGF-2, is present in ovarian cancer endothelium, thereby highlighting the cytokine and its cognate receptor as potential targets for the antiangiogenic treatment of this disease.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital and Paterson Institute, Manchester, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Melissa K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Backen
authors.forename: Andrew R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Clamp
authors.forename: Godfrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Rhona
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McVey
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Friedl
authors.forename: Alan C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Rapraeger
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: McGown
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Slade
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Gordon C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jayson
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D004727:Endothelium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013431:Sulfates / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D020794:Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051496:Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1; D017468:Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor; D013431:Sulfates; C496348:FGFR1 protein, human