title: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity in women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: the relationship between serum leptin levels and chronic hyperinsulinemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC-CAH) is associated with hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, hirsutism, acne and adrenal hyperplasia. A few studies have shown hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity in NC-CAH. Hyperinsulinemia can stimulate leptin secretion, and androgens can inhibit leptin secretion. Thus, we designed a study to investigate the insulin levels and insulin sensitivity and the effect of chronic endogenous hyperinsulinemia and androgens on leptin in patients with NC-CAH.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen women with untreated NC-CAH and 26 normally cycling control women with a similar body mass index (BMI) were studied. Basal hormones, fasted and fed insulin levels, leptin and stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentrations were studied. Homeostasis model assessment was used to assess insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basal 17-OHP, the free testosterone (fT) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were significantly different in the 2 groups (p < 0.05). Fasting and fed insulin levels of the NC-CAH group were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05) and insulin sensitivity was lower in NC-CAH than in controls (p < 0.05). Insulin levels were correlated with fT and 17-OHP (p < 0.05). Serum leptin levels for NC-CAH (25.9 +/- 12.5 microg/l) did not differ from the controls (25.4 +/- 12.06 microg/l) and were positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.725) and percent body fat (r = 0.710) for both groups (both p < 0.001). Leptin levels were not correlated with estrogen or androgens, gonadotropins or insulin levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperinsulinemia and insulin insensitivity associated with hyperandrogenism were detected in untreated NC-CAH patients as in previous reports, whereas serum leptin levels did not differ from those of controls.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ege University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Saygili
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oge
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
mesh_terms: D000312:Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate / Q000097:blood; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood* / Q000201:enzymology; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D011388:Prolactin / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase / Q000097:blood*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D020738:Leptin; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D019314:Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D011388:Prolactin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D013255:Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; D006854:Hydrocortisone