title: Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of the oral ET(A) endothelin-receptor antagonist SPP301 in man.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  SPP301 is a competitive antagonist of ET-1 with a high selectivity for the ET(A) receptor. The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of SPP301 were investigated in healthy male subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In an ascending-dose, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial doses of 5, 20, 40 and 60 mg SPP301 were given orally on Day 1 and, after a wash-out period of 48 hours, once daily for seven days. At regular intervals, blood pressure and pulse rate, plasma levels of ET-1, and of SPP301 and its hydroxymethyl metabolite as well as urinary excretion of the parent drug and its metabolite were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SPP301 was generally well-tolerated. With the higher doses asymptomatic and transient increases in liver transaminases were observed. No other clinically relevant effects of SPP301 on hematology, biochemistry or urinalysis parameters were observed. Vital signs, ECG parameters and physical examinations showed no time or treatment effect. The pharmacokinetics of SPP301 and its hydroxymethyl metabolite (Ro 68-5925) were linear up to 40 mg SPP301. Steady state was reached after 3-4 days. The apparent terminal half-life of SPP301 and the metabolite was in the range of 7-10 hours after single and repeated doses. At the 60 mg dose level plasma concentrations of SPP301 decreased from the first to the last day of oral treatment. The average decreases in Cmax and AUC were 33% and 37%, respectively. Cmax and AUC of the metabolite amounted to about 4-6% of the values for SPP301 under single and repeated-dose conditions. Urinary excretion of SPP301 and of its metabolite were below 0.1% and 5%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SPP301 is quite well-tolerated, pharmacokinetics are linear and time-independent up to 40 mg multiple doses. Steady state is reached after 3-4 days. Urinary excretion of the unchanged drug plays a minor role in the elimination process of SPP301. ET-1 plasma concentrations increased about 1.5-fold at 20 mg and all further doses.
authors.affiliation: Drug Disposition Consultants, Lörrach, Germany.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dieterle
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kutz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D011725:Pyridines; D011743:Pyrimidines; D017466:Receptors, Endothelin; C484919:Avosentan