title: Nodulation signaling in legumes requires NSP2, a member of the GRAS family of transcriptional regulators.
abstract: Rhizobial bacteria enter a symbiotic interaction with legumes, activating diverse responses in roots through the lipochito oligosaccharide signaling molecule Nod factor. Here, we show that NSP2 from Medicago truncatula encodes a GRAS protein essential for Nod-factor signaling. NSP2 functions downstream of Nod-factor-induced calcium spiking and a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. We show that NSP2-GFP expressed from a constitutive promoter is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum/nuclear envelope and relocalizes to the nucleus after Nod-factor elicitation. This work provides evidence that a GRAS protein transduces calcium signals in plants and provides a possible regulator of Nod-factor-inducible gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Disease and Stress Biology and Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kaló
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gleason
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Raka M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: Sibylle
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirsch
authors.forename: Júlia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jakab
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sims
authors.forename: Sharon R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: György B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Kiss
authors.forename: J Allan
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Downie
authors.forename: Giles E D
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Oldroyd
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D020013:Calcium Signaling; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D017343:Genes, Plant; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism*; D029902:Medicago / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D018532:Pisum sativum / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000502:physiology*; D013559:Symbiosis; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases; D002118:Calcium