title: Development and validation of models for the investigation of blood clotting in idealized stenoses and cerebral aneurysms.
abstract: An in vitro model of blood clotting is presented using hypercoaguable milk as an analog for blood. Milk clot formation was studied for periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min within an idealized stenosis geometry. Clot formation was recorded using photography, clot casting, and clot mass calculation. The distribution of clot within the fluid was seen to be in good agreement with a previous study that used a residence time model to predict areas of clot formation in thrombin solution. A numerical model was formulated within computational fluid dynamics package CFX that allowed local activation of blood clotting to be simulated. This model was applied to the analysis of an idealized cerebral aneurysm geometry. An idealized coil geometry was included within the aneurysm and clotting fluid concentration and fluid residence time were modeled using transport equations within CFX. The viscosity of the fluid was defined as a function of both residence time and clotting fluid concentration. The model was seen to produce features consistent with observations of thrombosis within cerebral aneurysms, while avoiding the unrealistic build up of clot in near-wall regions that is associated with a pure residence time model.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Sciences (South), Department of Medical Physics and Clinical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK. a.j.narracott@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Narracott
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lawford
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ryutaro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Himeno
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Rodney
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hose
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008892:Milk; D008962:Models, Theoretical