title: A rapid and potent DNA vaccination strategy defined by in vivo monitoring of antigen expression.
abstract: Induction of immunity after DNA vaccination is generally considered a slow process. Here we show that DNA delivery to the skin results in a highly transient pulse of antigen expression. Based on this information, we developed a new rapid and potent intradermal DNA vaccination method. By short-interval intradermal DNA delivery, robust T-cell responses, of a magnitude sufficient to reject established subcutaneous tumors, are generated within 12 d. Moreover, this vaccination strategy confers protecting humoral immunity against influenza A infection within 2 weeks after the start of vaccination. The strength and speed of this newly developed strategy will be beneficial in situations in which immunity is required in the shortest possible time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Adriaan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bins
authors.forename: Annelies
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jorritsma
authors.forename: Monika C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wolkers
authors.forename: Chien-Fu
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: T-C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ton N M
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: John B A G
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Haanen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology*; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000276:immunology*; D008156:Luciferases; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D008156:Luciferases