title: Inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis in growing potato tubers leads to a compensatory stimulation of the pyrimidine salvage pathway and a subsequent increase in biosynthetic performance.
abstract: Pyrimidine nucleotides are of general importance for many aspects of cell function, but their role in the regulation of biosynthetic processes is still unclear. In this study, we investigate the influence of a decreased expression of UMP synthase (UMPS), a key enzyme in the pathway of de novo pyrimidine synthesis, on biosynthetic processes in growing potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. Transgenic plants were generated expressing UMPS in the antisense orientation under the control of the tuber-specific patatin promoter. Lines were selected with markedly decreased expression of UMPS in the tubers. Decreased expression of UMPS restricted the use of externally supplied orotate for de novo pyrimidine synthesis in tuber tissue, whereas the uridine-salvaging pathway was stimulated. This shift in the pathways of UMP synthesis was accompanied by increased levels of tuber uridine nucleotides, increased fluxes of [(14)C]sucrose to starch and cell wall synthesis, and increased amounts of starch and cell wall components in the tubers, whereas there were no changes in uridine nucleotide levels in leaves. Decreased expression of UMPS in tubers led to an increase in transcript levels of carbamoylphosphate synthase, uridine kinase, and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase, the latter two encoding enzymes in the pyrimidine salvage pathways. Thus, the results show that antisense inhibition of the de novo pathway of pyrimidine synthesis leads to a compensatory stimulation of the less energy-consuming salvage pathways, probably via increased expression and activity of uridine kinase and uracil phosphoribosyltransferase. This results in increased uridine nucleotide pool levels in tubers and improved biosynthetic performance.
authors.affiliation: Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Golm, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Geigenberger
authors.forename: Babette
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Regierer
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nunes-Nesi
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leisse
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Urbanczyk-Wochniak
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Springer
authors.forename: Joost T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: van Dongen
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kossmann
authors.forename: Alisdair R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Fernie
mesh_terms: D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000235:genetics; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020320:Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D009962:Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009963:Orotic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D009964:Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D014529:Uridine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D020320:Oligoribonucleotides, Antisense; D011743:Pyrimidines; D009963:Orotic Acid; C027157:uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase; D009962:Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase; D009964:Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase; D014529:Uridine