Electrochemical determination of pharmaceuticals in spiked water samples.
The electrochemical behaviour of acidic and neutral pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) was studied by cyclic voltammetry and pulse voltammetric techniques on mercury, carbon nanotube paste, carbon paste and gold electrodes. The best results, in terms of sensitivity, linearity range and detection limits, were obtained by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) for ofloxacin (LOD 5.2 microM), differential pulse polarography (DPP) for clofibric acid (LOD 4.7 microM) and normal pulse voltammetry (NPV) for diclofenac (LOD 0.8 microM) and propranolol (LOD 0.5 microM). An enrichment step of approximately two orders of magnitude was performed by a solid-phase extraction procedure (SPE) in order to concentrate the samples. The developed method was optimized and tested on spiked river water samples.
Ambrosi
Adriano
A
Dipartimento di Chimica, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Antiochia
Riccarda
R
Campanella
Luigi
L
Dragone
Roberto
R
Lavagnini
Irma
I
D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000737:chemistry; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D011433:Propranolol; D015242:Ofloxacin