title: Randomized trial of the efficacy of tamsulosin, nifedipine and phloroglucinol in medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral calculi.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent studies show the interesting efficacy of different drug combinations for the spontaneous expulsion of distal ureteral stones. We performed a randomized, prospective study to assess and compare the efficacy of 3 drugs as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral calculi.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 210 symptomatic patients with distal ureteral calculi greater than 4 mm were randomly allocated to home treatment with phloroglucinol, tamsulosin or nifedipine (groups 1 to 3, respectively). Each group was given a corticosteroid drug and antibiotic prophylaxis with an injectable nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug was also used on demand. The primary end point was the expulsion rate and the secondary end points were expulsion time, analgesic use, need for hospitalization and endoscopic treatment as well as the number of workdays lost, quality of life and drug side effects
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expulsion rate was significantly higher in group 2 (97.1%) than in groups 1 (64.3%, p <0.0001) or 3 (77.1%, p <0.0001). Group 2 significantly achieved stone passage in a shorter time than the other 2 groups and showed a significantly decreased number of hospitalizations as well as a better decrease in endoscopic procedures performed to remove the stone. The control of renal colic pain was significantly superior in group 2 compared with the other groups, resulting in fewer workdays lost. Group 3 showed lower analgesic use and decreased workdays lost compared with group 1. No difference in side effects was observed among the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical expulsive therapy should be considered for distal ureterolithiasis without complications before ureteroscopy or extracorporeal lithotripsy. The use of tamsulosin in this treatment regimen produced stone expulsion in almost all cases in a short time, allowing complete home patient treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Division of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti Umberto I.-G. M. Lancisi-G. Salesi, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, Ancona, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dellabella
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Milanese
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muzzonigro
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010696:Phloroglucinol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077409:Tamsulosin; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D013449:Sulfonamides; D010696:Phloroglucinol; D000077409:Tamsulosin; D009543:Nifedipine