title: Total antioxidant capacity and levels of epidermal growth factor and nitric oxide in blood and saliva of insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to examine how type 1 diabetic patients have altered levels of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, NO and EGF in their plasma and saliva. We tested the differences in lipid peroxidation level, antioxidant power, and concentrations of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nitric oxide (NO) in saliva and blood of type 1 diabetic subjects in comparison to healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 19 healthy age- and sex-matched control subjects were included in the study. Blood and saliva samples were obtained and analyzed for thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) as a marker of lipid peroxidation, ferric reducing ability (total antioxidant power), EGF and NO levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBARS levels did not show a significant difference between the two groups. Analysis of antioxidant power revealed that saliva and plasma of diabetic patients had more antioxidant power (p <0.01) than the healthy control population (107 +/- 10.35 vs. 11.14 +/- 4.66 and 192 +/- 12.3 vs. 142 +/- 15.2 mmol/L, respectively). Concentration of EGF was increased (p <0.01) in saliva whereas it was reduced (p <0.01) in plasma of diabetic patients in comparison to those of healthy subjects (2423 +/- 322 vs. 1513 +/- 341 and 125 +/- 14 vs. 346 +/- 60 pg/mL, respectively). NO level increased in both saliva and plasma of diabetic patients in comparison to those of healthy subjects (46.61 +/- 7 vs. 72.89 +/- 13 and 62.11 +/- 4.6 vs. 76.25 +/- 5 micromol/L, respectively). Blood HbA1c (%) of patients was significantly higher than that of controls (8.3 +/- 0.32 vs. 5.4 +/- 0.24, p <0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Existence of increased total antioxidant power in the presence of normal lipid peroxidation in plasma and saliva of type 1 diabetic patients indicates the existence of oxidative stress. Increased salivary EGF and NO levels in association with elevated TAOP is interesting and should be further studied.
authors.affiliation: Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Astaneie
authors.forename: Mojgan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Afshari
authors.forename: Alireza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojtahedi
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mostafalou
authors.forename: Mohammad Jafar
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Zamani
authors.forename: Bagher
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larijani
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdollahi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011379:Prognosis; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism*; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor