title: Biphasic actions of topiramate on monoamine exocytosis associated with both soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-releasing systems.
abstract: To explore the pharmacological mechanisms of topiramate (TPM), we determined the effects of TPM on monoamine (dopamine and serotonin) exocytosis associated with N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-releasing systems, including inositol-triphosphate receptor and ryanodine receptor in freely moving rat pre-frontal cortex using in vivo microdialysis. During resting stage, Ca(2+) output from endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store via inositol-triphosphate receptor regulates syntaxin-associated monoamine exocytosis mechanism, whereas during neuronal hyperexcitable stage, Ca(2+) output via ryanodine receptor regulates synaptobrevin-associated monoamine exocytosis mechanism. Basal monoamine releases were increased and decreased by therapeutically relevant and supratherapeutic concentration of TPM, respectively. The therapeutic-relevant concentration of TPM increased Ca(2+)-evoked release concentration-dependently; however, its stimulatory effect was attenuated in the supratherapeutic range. The K(+)-evoked releases were reduced by TPM concentration-dependently (from therapeutic to supratherapeutic ranges). The therapeutic-relevant concentration of TPM-induced elevation of basal release was reduced by cleavage with syntaxin and inhibition of inositol-triphosphate receptor predominantly, by cleavage with SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin weakly, but not by ryanodine receptor inhibitor. The therapeutic-relevant concentration of TPM-induced elevation of Ca(2+)-evoked release was reduced by cleavage with syntaxin and inositol-triphosphate receptor inhibitor selectively. The therapeutic-relevant concentration of TPM-induced reduction of K(+)-evoked monoamine release was abolished by cleavage with synaptobrevin, but was not affected by cleavage with SNAP-25 or synaptobrevin. The stimulatory effect of ryanodine receptor agonist on K(+)-evoked monoamine release was reduced by TPM, whereas that of inositol-triphosphate receptor agonist was not affected by TPM. Therefore, these results indicate that the combination of the effects of TPM on exocytosis mechanisms associated with SNARE and Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-releasing systems, enhancement of inositol-triphosphate receptor/syntaxin and inhibition of ryanodine receptor/synaptobrevin in pre-frontal cortex, may be involved in clinical actions of TPM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan. okadamot@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaneko
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015306:Biogenic Monoamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005033:Ethylmaleimide / Q000494:pharmacology; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005632:Fructose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis / Q000379:methods; D052066:N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012430:Ruthenium Red / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077236:Topiramate
chemical_list: D015306:Biogenic Monoamines; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D047028:Macrocyclic Compounds; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010080:Oxazoles; C108644:xestospongin A; D000077236:Topiramate; D012430:Ruthenium Red; D005632:Fructose; D001905:Botulinum Toxins; D052066:N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Proteins; C498737:Nsf protein, rat; D005033:Ethylmaleimide; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium