title: Mothers and daughters: intergenerational patterns of reproduction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to assess intergenerational mother-daughter patterns of reproduction.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1966, 12 055 pregnant women in Northern Finland, representing 96% of all births in the region, responded to a questionnaire in mid-gestation. In 1997-98, the 31-year-old daughters born from those pregnancies were sent a questionnaire and 4523 (80%) responded. Reproduction was compared between all mother-daughter pairs (n=4523) and separately for the pairs (n=489) of similar age (mothers 30-32 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The menarcheal ages of the mothers and their daughters correlated slightly (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.206). The probability of the daughter to be multiparous was higher if her mother was multiparous at the time of the daughter's birth than if she was not. No association in the rate of spontaneous abortions was found. The first pregnancy of the daughters born from unwanted pregnancies was more often unwanted than the first pregnancy of the wanted daughters, after adjusting for parity (P=0.004). The analysis of the age-matched mother-daughter pairs gave similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A positive association between mothers and daughters in menarcheal age, parity and desirability of pregnancy was found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Science and General Practice, University of Oulu, Finland. anneli.pouta@oulu.fi
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pouta
authors.forename: Marjo-Riitta
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Järvelin
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hemminki
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sovio
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hartikainen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D016901:Intergenerational Relations; D009035:Mothers; D009679:Nuclear Family; D011247:Pregnancy; D043762:Reproductive Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires