title: Thoracic spinal cord stimulation reduces the risk of ischemic ventricular arrhythmias in a postinfarction heart failure canine model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thoracic spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a promising therapy in treating refractory angina. This study was designed to investigate SCS with regard to the risk of arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia and its cardiac electrophysiological effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 22 dogs with healed anterior myocardial infarction (MI) and superimposed heart failure (HF) induced by rapid ventricular pacing. SCS was applied at the dorsal T1-T2 segments of the spinal cord (at 50 Hz, 0.2 ms) for 15 minutes. Transient (2-minute) myocardial ischemia was induced on 2 separate occasions (no SCS and SCS) to provoke ventricular arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation; VT/VF). Ischemic episodes were separated by 90 minutes, and dogs were randomly assigned to receive SCS or no SCS before the first or second ischemic episode. SCS reduced the occurrence of VT/VF from 59% to 23% when SCS was applied during transient myocardial ischemia (odds ratio, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.1626 to 0.5646; P=0.0009). SCS also decreased sinus rate by 7.5+/-14 bpm (P=0.048), increased the PR interval by 11.1+/-14.7 ms (P=0.009), and reduced systolic blood pressure by 9.8+/-13.6 mm Hg (P=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thoracic SCS appears to protect against ischemic VT/VF in a canine model of healed MI and HF. SCS reduced sinus rate and systolic blood pressure, changes consistent with the previously known antisympathetic effect of SCS, which may have contributed to the antiarrhythmic benefits.
authors.affiliation: Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Ind 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Ziad F
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Issa
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ujhelyi
authors.forename: Josh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: Deepak
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bhakta
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Groh
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Zipes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications; D006339:Heart Rate; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D012306:Risk; D013116:Spinal Cord; D013909:Thorax; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*