title: A prospective evaluation of health-related quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the health-related quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional public hospitals, Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients attending out-patient pain management clinics between 1 July 2002 and 28 February 2003 were approached to complete a set of standardised questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic profiles, treatment modality, litigation, compensation, social welfare status, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and Medical Outcomes Survey short-form health survey (SF36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 166 patients were analysed. The median numeric pain rating score was 6 (interquartile range, 2-10). Work-related injury occurred in 34.3% of patients, while another 34% were involved in pain-related litigation and 32% were receiving disability or unemployment benefit. Sixty-four percent of patients were managed by three or more disciplines, while 54.8% were also receiving complimentary alternative medical treatment, mainly traditional Chinese medicine (49.7%). The Hospital Anxiety Depression Score indicated clinical anxiety or depression in 71.1% of patients. All SF36 subscale scores were lower than the local population norm. Unemployed patients had higher depression scores (P = 0.005), while students or retirees had lower physical functioning scores (P = 0.004). Patients who were single had higher role emotion scores than those who were married or separated/widowed (P = 0.011). Logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (odds ratio = 0.95), being married (6.62), work-related injury (15.63) or higher general scores (1.03) were more likely to be associated with litigation. Social welfare benefit was associated with unemployment (3.39) and a lower level of physical functioning (0.98).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a high prevalence of clinical anxiety, depression, and severe impairment in the health-related quality of life in Hong Kong Chinese patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Specific factors affected the health-related quality of life, likelihood of litigation, and social benefit.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Whales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008516:Medicine, Chinese Traditional; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000523:psychology*; D059408:Pain Management; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life