title: Circadian biology: clocks within clocks.
abstract: A small cluster of approximately 20,000 neurons in the ventral hypothalamus provide the body with key time-keeping signals and drive circadian rhythms. This circadian clock exhibits surprisingly complex substructures, with inputs from the retina, and outputs to other brain structures. Rather little is known of the neurotransmitters involved, or their regulation.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
authors.forename: Hugh D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Piggins
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loudon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D006224:Cricetinae; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D017111:Phodopus; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics; D013493:Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; C485975:DBP protein, rat; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C513311:Per2 protein, rat; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid