title: Estimated physical activity in Bavaria, Germany, and its implications for obesity risk: results from the BVS-II Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate physical activity (PA) is considered as a key factor in the fight against the obesity epidemic. Therefore, detailed description of the actual PA and its components in the population is necessary. Additionally, this study aims to investigate the association between PA and obesity risk in a representative population sample in Bavaria, Germany.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 893 participants (age 13-80 years) of the Bavarian Food Consumption Survey II (BVS II) were used. In each participant, three computer-based 24-hour recalls were conducted by telephone assessing type and duration of PA in the domains occupation, sports, other strenuous leisure time activities (of mostly moderate intensity) as well as TV/PC use in leisure time and duration of sleeping. After assigning metabolic equivalents (METs) to each activity, estimates of energy expenditure (MET*h) and total daily PA level (PALest.) were calculated. In a subgroup of adults (n = 568) with anthropometric measurements logistic regression models were used to quantify the impact of PA on obesity risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Estimated average PA in women and men was 38.5 +/- 5.0 and 40.6 +/- 9.3 MET*h/d, respectively, corresponding to PALest. values of 1.66 +/- 0.22 and 1.75 +/- 0.40. Obese subjects showed lower energy expenditure in the categories sports, occupation, and sleeping, while the time spent with TV/PC during leisure time was highest. This is confirmed in logistic regression analyses revealing a statistically significant association between obesity and TV/PC use during leisure time, while sports activity was inversely related to obesity risk. Overall, less than 1/3 of the study participants reached the recommended PAL of >or= 1.75. Subjects within the recommended range of PA had an about 60 % (odds ratio = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.85) reduced risk of obesity as compared to inactive subjects with a PALest. <1.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of short-term PA patterns, a major part of the Bavarian adult population does not reach the recommendations (PAL>1.75; moderate PA of > 30 min/d). Despite the limitations of the study design, the existing associations between sports activity, TV/PC use and obesity risk in this population give further support to the recommendation of increasing sports activity and reducing sedentary behaviour in order to prevent rising rates of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Human Nutrition and Cancer Prevention, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 16, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany. ninaschaller@web.de
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schaller
authors.forename: Henrike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Himmerich
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Karg
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gedrich
authors.forename: Günther
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolfram
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen