title: Do allegations of emotional maltreatment predict developmental outcomes beyond that of other forms of maltreatment?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the features of child abuse/neglect (CA/N) allegations in cases with emotional maltreatment (EMT) allegations, as well as the features of the EMT allegations themselves, and to describe any associations of EMT with distinct impairments of children's behavior, emotion and functioning.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 806 high-risk children, 545 with one or more maltreatment reports to CPS. The Maltreatment Classification System was used to record the number and severity levels of maltreatment allegations, which compared cases with and without EMT. Multiple regression analyses were conducted using 10 outcome scales from the Child Behavior Checklist, Vineland Screener, and Trauma Symptom Checklist. Successive blocks of predictor variables included demographics, maltreatment classification variables, maternal and family characteristics, and study site.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When there were allegations of EMT as well as CA/N in a CPS case-record (by age 8), the CA/N allegations tended to be either more frequent or less severe than those kinds of allegations in cases without EMT. When neglect was alleged to occur with EMT, neglect allegations outnumbered allegations of EMT. However, when sexual abuse allegations were accompanied by EMT allegations, there were more EMT allegations than sexual abuse allegations in the cases. Higher severity ratings for EMT allegations than for physical abuse occurred when cases included any abuse. Distinctive effects of EMT subtypes were found between problems of safety/restriction and self-reported anger symptoms, and between problems of self-esteem/autonomy and posttraumatic stress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Differences exist between the CA/N allegations in cases with and without EMT. Having few cases containing only EMT allegations made it difficult to assess distinctive harm associated with EMT. Certain types of EMT allegations were associated with increases in children's anger and posttraumatic stress.
authors.affiliation: Research and Training Institute of JPA, Chicago, IL, USA.
authors.forename: Mary Wood
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J Christopher
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Angiela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zielinski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology