title: Constitutive expression of three novel catfish CXC chemokines: homeostatic chemokines in teleost fish.
abstract: Chemokines are best known for their vital role in leukocyte chemotaxis, as part of the larger inflammatory response. Expression analysis and functional characterization of chemokines in mammalian species have often overlooked the role of these proteins under homeostatic conditions. Recent investigations of chemokine diversity in teleost fish have also centered on the immune-related functions of chemotactic cytokines, such as CXCL8 and CXCL10. While a disease-based approach to chemokines is essential to the development of remediative therapies for both human and animal infections, it may be a poor measure of the overall complexity of chemokine functions. As part of a larger effort to assess the conservation of chemokine diversity in teleost fish, we report here the identification of three novel, constitutively expressed CXC chemokines from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Phylogenetic analyses indicated that two of the three CXC chemokines were orthologues for mammalian CXCL12 and CXCL14, respectively. Whereas a clear orthology could not yet be established for the third CXC chemokine, it shared highest amino acid identity with mammalian CXCL2. All three CXC chemokines show expression in a wide range of tissues, and early expression during development was observed for CXCL12. The expression of this new set of catfish CXC chemokines was not induced during challenge by infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri, the causative agent of the fish pathogen enteric septicemia of catfish. In contrast to the gene duplication of CXCL12 in carp and zebrafish, Southern blot analysis indicated that all three catfish CXC chemokines exist as single copy genes in the catfish genome suggesting that gene duplication of CXC chemokines in specific teleost fish was a recent evolutionary event.
authors.affiliation: The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures and Program of Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Aquatic Genomics Unit, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Puttharat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Baoprasertkul
authors.forename: Chongbo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Peatman
authors.forename: Shanzhong
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhanjiang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D020610:Edwardsiella ictaluri / Q000472:pathogenicity; D004756:Enterobacteriaceae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018628:Gene Dosage; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D007059:Ictaluridae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D018076:DNA, Complementary