title: The efficiency of different adjunct techniques for regional anesthesia.
abstract: In the present prospective, randomized controlled trial, 110 unpremedicated patients undergoing orthopedic surgery under regional anesthesia were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 22 patients in each. During the operation, group 1 listened to a pre-recorded explanation and music, group 2 listened to a subliminal sound, group 3 received propofol by patient-controlled sedation (PCS), group 4 received intravenous midazolam, and group 5 was the control group. Patients in the midazolam group were significantly more sedated than the control group at 1 hr into the operation. The group that listened to an explanation and music were significantly less satisfied than the propofol group at the end of the operation and 30 min. postoperatively. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio showed that if explanation and music are used instead of propofol it would save 299.53 baht per patient, but the patient satisfaction score will be 17.26 points lower than if the more expensive drug is used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Siriraj Hospital, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Dr.orawan@thaipost.com
authors.forename: Orawan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pongraweewan
authors.forename: Jariya
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lertakyamanee
authors.forename: Ungkana
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Luangnateethep
authors.forename: Prakorb
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pooviboonsuk
authors.forename: Mayuree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nanthaniran
authors.forename: Pariyacha
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sathanasaowapak
authors.forename: Petcharee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chainchop
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000765:Anesthesia, Conduction / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009147:Music Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods*; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011300:Preoperative Care; D015742:Propofol / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013637:Tape Recording
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D015742:Propofol