title: Clinical features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the clinical features of the extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four children with extrapulmonary TB followed in Ankara Social Security Children's Hospital between June 1995 and May 2003 were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 7.5 +/- 4.1 years. The most commonly involved sites were the central nervous system [(CNS) 16 cases] and pleura (14 cases). Aside from this, 10 children had a diagnosis of miliary TB. Abdominal TB (median age of 12 years) and pleural effusion (median age of 10.9 years) were mostly seen in older children while miliary TB was encountered more frequently in younger children (median age 2.5 years). A positive family history of active TB was detected in 39% of the cases. There was consanguinity between parents in 23 (35.9%) of the cases. Twenty-five (39%) cases had no Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination scar. One case with CNS TB expired. Sequelae observed during the follow up were; motor-mental retardation in 3 cases, hemiparesis in 2 cases, strabismus in one case with CNS TB and vertebral deformation in 2 cases with Pott's disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe forms such as CNS and miliary TB constituted an important percentage of childhood extrapulmonary TB cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara Children's Hospital, Social Security Institution, Ankara, Turkey. tugbagursoy@superonline.com
authors.forename: Gulnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uysal
authors.forename: Tugba
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gursoy
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Guven
authors.forename: Figen
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gunindi
authors.forename: Bahar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cuhaci
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020306:Tuberculosis, Central Nervous System / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014391:Tuberculosis, Miliary / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014396:Tuberculosis, Pleural / Q000175:diagnosis*