title: The painful scrotum: an ultrasonographical approach to diagnosis.
abstract: Many disease processes, including inflammation, testicular torsion, testicular trauma, and testicular cancer, may have a similar clinical presentation as a painful scrotum. Differentiation of these disease processes is important for proper management. High-resolution ultrasonography (US) combined with colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) is the imaging modality of choice in evaluating these patients. Gray-scale US helps to better characterise scrotal lesions. CDUS demonstrates testicular perfusion which aids in reaching a specific diagnosis. This pictorial essay is intended to review the causes, US appearances of disease processes causing the painful scrotum, and examination pitfalls of scrotal US.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intavaroros Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. mmuttara@mail.med.cmu.ac.th
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muttarak
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lojanapiwat
mesh_terms: D000038:Abscess / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004823:Epididymitis / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012611:Scrotum / Q000293:injuries; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013737:Testis / Q000098:blood supply; D014463:Ultrasonography