title: Survivin-responsive conditionally replicating adenovirus exhibits cancer-specific and efficient viral replication.
abstract: Although a conditionally replicating adenovirus (CRA) exhibiting cancer-selective replication and induction of cell death is an innovative potential anticancer agent, current imperfections in cancer specificity and efficient viral replication limit the usefulness of this technique. Here, we constructed survivin-responsive CRAs (Surv.CRAs), in which expression of the wild-type or mutant adenoviral early region 1A (E1A) gene is regulated by the promoter of survivin, a new member of the inhibitor of apoptosis gene family. We explored the cancer specificity and effectiveness of viral replication of Surv.CRAs, evaluating their potential as a treatment for cancer. The survivin promoter was strongly activated in all cancers examined at levels similar to or even higher than those seen for representative strong promoters; in contrast, low activity was observed in normal cells. Surv.CRAs efficiently replicated and potently induced cell death in most types of cancer. In contrast, minimal viral replication in normal cells did not induce any detectable cytotoxicity. A single injection of Surv.CRAs into a preestablished tumor expressing survivin, even at relatively low levels, induced significant tumor death and inhibition of tumor growth. Furthermore, Surv.CRAs were superior to telomerase-dependent CRAs, one of the most effective CRAs that have been examined to date, both in terms of cancer specificity and efficiency. Thus, Surv.CRAs are an attractive potential anticancer agent that could effectively and specifically treat a variety of cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan.
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kamizono
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nagano
authors.forename: Yoshiteru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murofushi
authors.forename: Setsuro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.forename: Hisayoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Toyojiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsuishi
authors.forename: Ken-ichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosai
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins; C117749:Birc5 protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000077022:Survivin; D019098:Telomerase