title: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 is a component of the oncogenic T-cell factor-4/beta-catenin complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  T-cell factor (TCF)-4 regulates a certain set of genes related to growth and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Aberrant transactivation of these TCF-4-regulated genes by beta-catenin protein plays a crucial role in early intestinal carcinogenesis, and the transcriptional machinery of the TCF-4/beta-catenin complex is likely to contain targets for molecular therapy. We explored the molecular composition of the TCF-4/beta-catenin transcriptional complex by means of proteomics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A protein of approximately 112 kilodaltons was consistently coimmunoprecipitated with FLAG-tagged TCF-4 transiently expressed in HEK293 cells, and the protein was identified by mass spectrometry as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1). PARP-1 physically interacted with TCF-4 and augmented the transcriptional activity of the beta-catenin/TCF-4 complex. Knockdown of PARP-1 by RNA interference significantly suppressed both transcriptional activity and proliferation by colorectal cancer cells. Auto-polyADP-ribosylation of the PARP-1 protein induced by DNA damage inhibited the functional interaction of PARP-1 with TCF-4. PARP-1 was overexpressed in the intestinal adenomas of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and multiple intestinal polyposis mice. The expression of PARP-1 was closely associated with the accumulation of beta-catenin and with the undifferentiated status of intestinal epithelial cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, we identified PARP-1 as a novel coactivator of the beta-catenin/TCF-4 complex. Although PARP-1 has been believed to play a protective role against carcinogenesis, these expression patterns and functional properties of PARP-1 were highly suggestive of its participation in early colorectal carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Chemotherapy Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Idogawa
authors.forename: Tesshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kazufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kohzoh
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
mesh_terms: D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D040901:Proteomics; D034622:RNA Interference; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051820:TCF Transcription Factors; C544894:TCF7L2 protein, human; C544895:Tcf7l2 protein, mouse; D015534:Trans-Activators; D058118:Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051176:beta Catenin; C499320:PARP1 protein, human; D000071137:Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases