title: The frequency of Trp64Arg polymorphism of the beta3-adrenergic receptor gene in healthy and obese Hungarian children and its association with cardiovascular risk factors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the frequency of Arg64 allele of the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (3-BAR) gene in healthy (H) and obese (O) Hungarian children, and to look for possible associations between this polymorphism and some clinical and metabolic characteristics of obese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 147 healthy (male: 68) and 295 obese (male: 168) children were examined. The average age of the children in the two groups was 12.4+/-1.7 vs 12.6+/-3.2, respectively. Exon 1 of 3-BAR was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the fragments were digested with BstN1. In obese children, oral glucose tolerance test was carried out and blood pressure (BP) was checked.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of Trp64Arg polymorphism in normal and obese Hungarian children was similar (H vs O: n=14/9.5% vs n=35/11.8%). Obese children carrying the Arg64 allele (n=35, male: 23) were compared to randomly chosen, obese children without the Arg64 allele (n=35, male: 20). A significant difference was found between the body weight (81.2+/-23.2 vs 75.6+/-17.7 kg; mean+/-s.d.; P<0.01), body fat (38.8+/-3.9 vs 36.5+/-2.3%; mean+/-s.d.; P<0.05), mean fasting insulin levels (31.4+/-16.7 vs 16.9+/-7.6 microIU/ml; P<0.001) and mean systolic BP values (125.2+/-10.1 vs 114.5+/-8.3 mmHg; P<0.001) of the two obese groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The frequency of Trp64Arg polymorphism was similar in Hungary as compared to other European countries. Although the prevalence of this polymorphism was similar in H and O children, the presence of Arg64 allele seems to be associated with increased adiposity, elevated systolic BP and higher fasting insulin levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary. eva.erhardt@aok.pte.hu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erhardt
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Czakó
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Csernus
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Molnár
authors.forename: Gy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kosztolányi
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001120:Arginine / Q000235:genetics; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 / Q000235:genetics*; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D011506:Proteins; D022702:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3; D014364:Tryptophan; D001120:Arginine