title: Enhanced detergent extraction for analysis of membrane proteomes by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The analysis of hydrophobic membrane proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has long been hampered by the concept of inherent difficulty due to solubility issues. We have optimized extraction protocols by varying the detergent composition of the solubilization buffer with a variety of commercially available non-ionic and zwitterionic detergents and detergent-like phospholipids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After initial analyses by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE, quantitative two-dimensional analyses of human erythrocyte membranes, mouse liver membranes, and mouse brain membranes, extracted with buffers that included the zwitterionic detergent MEGA 10 (decanoyl-N-methylglucamide) and the zwitterionic lipid LPC (1-lauroyl lysophosphatidylcholine), showed selective improvement over extraction with the common 2-DE detergent CHAPS (3 [(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate). Mixtures of the three detergents showed additive improvements in spot number, density, and resolution. Substantial improvements in the analysis of a brain membrane proteome were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that an optimized detergent mix, coupled with rigorous sample handling and electrophoretic protocols, enables simple and effective analysis of membrane proteomes using two-dimensional electrophoresis.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Calgary, Faculty of Medicine, Calgary AB, T2N 4N1, Canada. mchurchw@ucalgary.ca
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Churchward
authors.forename: R Hussain
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Kimberly K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Jens R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Coorssen