title: An approach to studying lung cancer-related proteins in human blood.
abstract: Early stage lung cancer detection is the first step toward successful clinical therapy and increased patient survival. Clinicians monitor cancer progression by profiling tumor cell proteins in the blood plasma of afflicted patients. Blood plasma, however, is a difficult cancer protein assessment medium because it is rich in albumins and heterogeneous protein species. We report herein a method to detect the proteins released into the circulatory system by tumor cells. Initially we analyzed the protein components in the conditioned medium (CM) of lung cancer primary cell or organ cultures and in the adjacent normal bronchus using one-dimensional PAGE and nano-ESI-MS/MS. We identified 299 proteins involved in key cellular process such as cell growth, organogenesis, and signal transduction. We selected 13 interesting proteins from this list and analyzed them in 628 blood plasma samples using ELISA. We detected 11 of these 13 proteins in the plasma of lung cancer patients and non-patient controls. Our results showed that plasma matrix metalloproteinase 1 levels were elevated significantly in late stage lung cancer patients and that the plasma levels of 14-3-3 sigma, beta, and eta in the lung cancer patients were significantly lower than those in the control subjects. To our knowledge, this is the first time that fascin, ezrin, CD98, annexin A4, 14-3-3 sigma, 14-3-3 beta, and 14-3-3 eta proteins have been detected in human plasma by ELISA. The preliminary results showed that a combination of CD98, fascin, polymeric immunoglobulin receptor/secretory component and 14-3-3 eta had a higher sensitivity and specificity than any single marker. In conclusion, we report a method to detect proteins released into blood by lung cancer. This pilot approach may lead to the identification of novel protein markers in blood and provide a new method of identifying tumor biomarker profiles for guiding both early detection and therapy of human cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute (Hospital), Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Ting
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Wantao
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Liyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiao
authors.forename: Jinfang
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Dongmei
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Suping
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Naijun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Xuebing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Di
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Dechao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Hongwei
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Meixia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Susheng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Wuju
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ningzhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Husheng
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Kaitai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yanning
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Shujun
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017364:Collagenases / Q000097:blood; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned / Q000378:metabolism; D030562:Databases, Protein; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood*; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D017364:Collagenases; C507079:MMP13 protein, human; D053509:Matrix Metalloproteinase 13