title: Skeletal muscle mRNA for IGF-IEa, IGF-II, and IGF-I receptor is decreased in sedentary chronic hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Maintenance hemodialysis patients often display evidence for protein-energy malnutrition, inflammation, and sarcopenia. We therefore investigated whether sedentary maintenance hemodialysis patients have decreased skeletal muscle mRNA levels and muscle and serum protein concentrations of certain growth factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one clinically stable maintenance hemodialysis patients (32 men and 19 women), and 21 normal adults (16 men and five women) of similar age, gender mix, racial/ethnic backgrounds, serum albumin, body composition, and level of sedentary activity were studied. Individuals underwent biopsy of the right vastus lateralis muscle, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of mRNAs for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), IGF-II, IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), IGF-IIR, and myostatin (44 patients) was performed. Serum and muscle IGF-I and IGF-II, serum proinflammatory cytokines, and leg muscle strength, power, and fatigability were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Maintenance hemodialysis patients displayed significantly reduced mRNA levels for IGF-IEa mRNA (P < 0.05), IGF-II (P < 0.001), and IGF-IR (P < 0.001), and no difference in mRNAs for IGF-IEc, IGF-IIR, or myostatin as compared to normal controls. Muscle mRNA levels, in general, followed the same pattern in male and female maintenance hemodialysis patients considered separately. In the maintenance hemodialysis patients, muscle IGF-I protein, serum IGF-II and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were each increased, whereas serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were normal. Muscle strength and power, but not fatigability, were reduced in the maintenance hemodialysis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In sedentary, clinically stable maintenance hemodialysis patients as compared to sedentary normal individuals, the mRNA levels for IGF-IEa, IGF-II, and the IGF-I receptor are decreased in vastus lateralis muscle. Protein levels for muscle IGF-I and serum IGF-II are increased.
authors.affiliation: Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California 90509, USA.
authors.forename: Huiyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Casaburi
authors.forename: Wayne E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Hesham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aboellail
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Storer
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Kopple
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D009133:Muscular Atrophy / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C525911:MSTN protein, human; D055435:Myostatin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1