title: Elevated aortic pulse wave velocity, a marker of arterial stiffness, predicts cardiovascular events in well-functioning older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aging results in vascular stiffening and an increase in the velocity of the pressure wave as it travels down the aorta. Increased aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) has been associated with mortality in clinical but not general populations. The objective of this investigation was to determine whether aPWV is associated with total and cardiovascular (CV) mortality and CV events in a community-dwelling sample of older adults.
  
  
  RESULTS
  aPWV was measured at baseline in 2488 participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Vital status, cause of death and coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and congestive heart failure were determined from medical records. Over 4.6 years, 265 deaths occurred, 111 as a result of cardiovascular causes. There were 341 CHD events, 94 stroke events, and 181 cases of congestive heart failure. Results are presented by quartiles because of a threshold effect between the first and second aPWV quartiles. Higher aPWV was associated with both total mortality (relative risk, 1.5, 1.6, and 1.7 for aPWV quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus 1; P=0.019) and cardiovascular mortality (relative risk, 2.1, 3.0, and 2.3 for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 versus 1; P=0.004). aPWV quartile was also significantly associated with CHD (P=0.007) and stroke (P=0.001). These associations remained after adjustment for age, gender, race, systolic blood pressure, known CV disease, and other variables related to events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among generally healthy, community-dwelling older adults, aPWV, a marker of arterial stiffness, is associated with higher CV mortality, CHD, and stroke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. Tyrrell@edc.pitt.edu
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sutton-Tyrrell
authors.forename: Samer S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Najjar
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Lakshmi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venkitachalam
authors.forename: Varant
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kupelian
authors.forename: Eleanor M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Simonsick
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havlik
authors.forename: Edward G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Lakatta
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Spurgeon
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pahor
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Newman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001011:Aorta / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D011674:Pulse; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance