title: [Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on mouse embryonic development in vitro].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the developmental toxicity of ginsenoside Rb1 and the potential mechanism of it in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole embryo culture system was used in this research. Embryos were exposed to various concentrations of ginsenoside Rb1, and scored for growth and development at the end of the 48h culture period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the concentration of Rb1 rising, the total morphological scores significantly decreased; Developments of forebrain, midbrain and optic system were relatively sensitive to Rb1 and were affected at the concentration of 30 microg/ml; hindbrain, Branchial arch and limb buds were affected at 50 microg/ml; Yolk sac was affected at the low concentration of 15 microg/ml and the indexes of embryonic growth and development decreased at the high concentration of 50 microg/ml. Moreover, the rate of embryo teratogenicity were obviously increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ginsenoside Rb1 displayed teratogenic action in mice. The damage on structure and function of yolk sac might be part of teratogenic mechanisms of it.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Peng
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ya-jun
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Hui-jun
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zhao-feng
authors.initials: ZF
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-bo
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ke-ji
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000254:growth & development; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1