title: In vitro cariostatic effect of whitening toothpastes in human dental enamel-microhardness evaluation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cariostatic effect of whitening toothpastes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-five dental fragments were obtained from nonerupted third molars. The fragments were embedded in polystyrene resin and sequentially polished with abrasive papers (400-, 600-, and 1,000-grit) and diamond pastes of 6, 3, and 1 microm. The fragments were assigned in five groups according to toothpaste treatment: G1 = Rembrandt Plus with Peroxide; G2 = Crest Dual Action Whitening; G3 = Aquafresh Whitening Triple Protection; and the control groups: G4 = Sensodyne Original (without fluoride); G5 = Sensodyne Sodium Bicarbonated (with fluoride). The initial enamel microhardness evaluations were done. For 2 weeks the fragments were submitted daily to a de-remineralization cycle followed by a 10-minute toothpaste slurry. After that, the final microhardness tests were done. The percentage of mineral loss of enamel was determined for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were applied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results did not show statistically significant differences in mineral loss among groups G1, G2, G3, and G5, which statistically differ from G4 (toothpaste without fluoride). G4 showed the highest mineral loss (P < or = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The whitening toothpastes evaluated showed a cariostatic effect similar to regular, nonwhitening toothpaste.
authors.affiliation: Dental Research and Graduate Studies Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Melina Mayumi
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: José Augusto
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Giselle Maria
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Marchi
authors.forename: Gláucia Maria Bovi
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Ambrosano
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000187:drug effects*; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006244:Hardness / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D010545:Peroxides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011122:Polyphosphates; D011145:Polyvinyls / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014073:Tooth Bleaching; D017001:Tooth Demineralization / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014100:Toothpastes / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D045424:Complex Mixtures; C438183:Crest Dual Action Whitening dentifrice; D003802:Dentifrices; D004338:Drug Combinations; D009566:Nitrates; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D010710:Phosphates; D011122:Polyphosphates; D011145:Polyvinyls; C112939:Rembrandt Lighten; C097427:Sensodyne; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D005459:Fluorides