title: Particle-mediated gene transfer of opioid growth factor receptor cDNA regulates cell proliferation of the corneal epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine at the molecular level whether interactions between the opioid growth factor (OGF) and OGF receptor (OGFr) play a role in regulating DNA synthesis in the homeostasis of the corneal epithelium.
  
  
  METHODS
  The plasmid pcDNA3.1+OGFr-HA, carrying the rat OGFr cDNA epitope-tagged with a C-terminal hemagglutinin (HA), or the empty-vector (pcDNA3.1+), was delivered twice by the Helios Gene Gun System at 300 psi to the cornea of anesthetized rats. The contralateral (untreated) cornea served as the naive specimen. BrdU was used to determine whether the recombinant OGFr was effective in regulating DNA synthesis in the rat peripheral corneal epithelium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Within 18 hours of transfection, positive HA staining was apparent in both the basal and suprabasal layers (efficiency > 90% of the cells) throughout the central and peripheral cornea. Quantitative immunohistochemistry with rhodamine-conjugated anti-OGFr antibodies revealed twofold more OGFr expression in the central and peripheral epithelium of transfected corneas relative to naive corneas. The number of BrdU-positive basal cells in the peripheral epithelium of the transfected cornea was one-third of that in the naive cornea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data demonstrate the direct role of the OGF-OGFr system in determining cellular renewal in the mammalian corneal epithelium. Moreover, the successful establishment of a novel delivery system of cDNAs to the ocular surface suggests a therapeutic role for gene therapy in the eye.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, 17033, USA. iszl@psu.edu
authors.forename: Ian S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Zagon
authors.forename: Joseph W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sassani
authors.forename: Michael F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Verderame
authors.forename: Patricia J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019470:Biolistics / Q000379:methods*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004261:DNA Replication; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics*; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000502:physiology; D019573:Epithelium, Corneal / Q000166:cytology*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D015870:Gene Expression; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D008297:Male; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; C033593:methionine-enkephalin receptor; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine