title: Hepatocellular carcinoma in renal transplant patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic liver diseases, especially those related to hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV), are a common problem in renal transplant patients. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complication of chronic liver diseases, incidence in the renal transplant cohort is higher than in the general population (1.4% to 4% vs 0.005% to 0.015%).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the incidence of HCC, its clinical presentation, the treatments, and the relation to chronic viral hepatitis among the population transplanted at our center between January 1980 and December 1998 and followed to August 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, six recipients among 534 renal transplants displayed HCC (incidence 1.12% of the entire population and 2.29% of patients with chronic viral hepatitis). Among the cohort five were men, and all had chronic viral hepatitis: three HBV, one HCV, and 2, a coinfection. HCC was diagnosed 124.1 (range 45 to 244) months after transplantation. All patients presented with abnormal liver function tests and tumors larger than 5 cm. Four had more than three tumors and three had an alpha-fetoprotein level higher than 400 IU/mL. Three patients received no treatment (survivals 1, 1, and 4 months); two patients, chemoembolization (survival 6 and 12 months); and one, surgical ethanol injections (survival 4 months). The overall survival was 4.5 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCC in renal transplant recipients is a common complication among patients with chronic viral hepatitis. The outcome was poor because HCC was detected at an advanced stage. Screening strategies for early diagnosis must be prospectively evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas (CEMIC), Avda. Las Heras 2939, (C1425ASG) Buenos Aires, Argentina. eridruejo@cemic.edu.ar
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ridruejo
authors.forename: O G
authors.initials: OG
authors.lastname: Mandó
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dávalos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Díaz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vilches
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000401:mortality; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis