title: Utility of routinely acquired primary care data for paediatric disease epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The majority of medicines prescribed for children are prescribed in primary care for common acute and chronic conditions. This is in contrast to prescribing in secondary care where the population of children admitted is small but where a large number of different medicines are prescribed to treat more serious and less common conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on prescribing was extracted from the General Practice Administration System for Scotland (GPASS) for the year November 1999 to October 2000 and prescribing patterns for children aged 0-16 years expressed as percentages. A comparison of age specific consultations for asthma, as an example of a common paediatric condition, was also made between two separate general practice data sets, the General Practice Research Database (GRPD) and the continuous morbidity recording (CMR) subset of GPASS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 214 medicines investigated for unlicensed and off-label prescribing no unlicensed prescribing was identified. Off-label prescribing due to age was most common among younger and older children. The most common reasons for off-label prescriptions were, in order of frequency, lower than recommended dose, higher than recommended dose, below the recommended age, and unlicensed formulation. Age and gender specific consultations for asthma were similar in the two representative databases, GPRD and CMR, both showing disappearance of the male predominance in the teenage years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large primary care data sets available within a unified health care system such as the UK National Health Service (NHS) are likely to be broadly compatible and produce similar results. The prescribing of off-label medicines to children is common in primary care, most commonly due to prescribing out with the recommended dosage regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK. p.j.helms@abdn.ac.uk
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Helms
authors.forename: Suzie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ekins Daukes
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Colin R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: James S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: McLay
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017277:Drug Approval; D011307:Drug Prescriptions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017891:Pharmacoepidemiology / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012606:Scotland / Q000453:epidemiology; D013222:State Medicine / Q000706:statistics & numerical data