title: Auscultation and echocardiographic findings in Bull Terriers with and without polycystic kidney disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate a possible association between Bull Terrier polycystic kidney disease (BTPKD) and cardiac disease, to determine the prevalence of mitral valve disease (MVD) and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in the Australian Bull Terrier population, and to compare auscultation and echocardiography in detection of cardiac disease in Bull Terriers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-nine Bull Terriers, ranging in age from 8 weeks to 13 years and 11 months were auscultated and examined using renal ultrasonography; 86 were also examined using echocardiography. The prevalence and severity of heart defects in dogs with BTPKD was compared with that in dogs without BTPKD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen of these 99 dogs were diagnosed with BTPKD. Forty-two percent of Bull Terriers with BTPKD and 28% of those without BTPKD had murmurs characteristic of mitral regurgitation or LVOTO. How recently an animal was descended from an ancestor with BTPKD was associated with presence (P = 0.008) and loudness of a murmur (P = 0.009). Overall, echocardiography detected MVD in 39% of Bull Terriers, with increased prevalence in older animals (P = 0.003). Mitral stenosis was found in eight cases. Fifty-three percent of dogs in this study had evidence of LVOTO, with obstruction consisting of a complex of lesions including dynamic or fixed subvalvular LVOTO, significantly narrowed left ventricular outflow tract or valvular aortic stenosis. Dogs with BTPKD, or those descended from dogs with BTPKD, were more likely to have MVD (P = 0.006), and while LVOTO was not more common in these dogs, if they did have LVOTO, they were more likely to have severe obstruction than dogs with no ancestors with BTPKD (analysed in three ways P = 0.028 to 0.001). In this study, 46% of Bull Terriers without a murmur or arrhythmia had cardiac disease detected on echocardiographic examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cardiac disease, especially MVD and LVOTO, was common in Bull Terriers in this study, and those with BTPKD had an increased risk of cardiac abnormalities. Auscultation did not detect a significant number of Bull Terriers with cardiac disease.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: O'Leary
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Taplin
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Atwell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001947:Breeding; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000235:genetics / Q000662:veterinary*