title: Effect of the freezing conditions and microwave thawing power on the stability of cefuroxime in dextrose 5% infusion polyolefin bags at 4 degrees C.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intravenous cefuroxime sodium solution could be prepared in advance by a centralized hospital pharmacy service to improve safety and time management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effect of freezing and microwave thawing on the solution stability of cefuroxime.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cefuroxime 1.5 g in 100 mL of dextrose 5% in polyolefin bags was frozen individually (group A) or in one package (group B) for 98 days at -20 degrees C. The solutions were then thawed using microwaves at 270 (light cycle) or 800 watts (hard cycle) and stored at 4 degrees C. The cefuroxime concentration was measured by HPLC. Visual inspection was performed and pH was measured at that time. Stability of the solution was defined as a concentration remaining superior to 90% of the initial concentration by regression analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No color change or precipitation in the solutions was observed. In group A, stability was at least 23 and 21 days after light and hard cycle thawing, respectively. In group B, stability was at least 21 and 18 days, respectively, with the pH increasing without affecting chromatographic parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The optimal conditions for advance preparation of a solution containing cefuroxime 1.5% in dextrose 5% may be freezing of individual containers followed by a light cycle of microwave thawing.
authors.affiliation: Hospital Pharmacy, University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium.
authors.forename: Jean-Daniel
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Hecq
authors.forename: Laurence P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Boitquin
authors.forename: Danielle F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Vanbeckbergen
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jamart
authors.forename: Laurence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Galanti
mesh_terms: D002444:Cefuroxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004349:Drug Packaging; D004355:Drug Stability; D004356:Drug Storage; D005615:Freezing; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007267:Injections; D008872:Microwaves; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011208:Powders; D012015:Reference Standards
chemical_list: D002511:Cephalosporins; D019999:Pharmaceutical Solutions; D011208:Powders; D005947:Glucose; D002444:Cefuroxime