title: Up-regulation of nNOS and associated increase in nitrergic vasodilation in superior mesenteric arteries in pre-hepatic portal hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Splanchnic arterial vasodilation in portal hypertension has been attributed largely to vascular NO overproduction. Three NO-synthase (NOS) isoforms have been identified of which e(ndothelial)-NOS has been found up-regulated and i(nducible)-NOS not expressed in the splanchnic circulation in portal hypertension. So far, n(euronal)-NOS has not been investigated and hence, the current study evaluates nNOS-expression and nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation in a model of portal vein-ligated rats (PVL).
  
  
  METHODS
  Mesenteric vasculature of PVL and sham rats was evaluated for nNOS-protein (immunohistochemically and Western blotting). In vitro perfused de-endothelialized mesenteric arterial vasculature was pre-constricted with norepinephrine (EC(80)) and tested for nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation by periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS, 2-12 Hz, 45V) before and after incubation with the NOS-inhibitor L-NAME (10(-4)M).
  
  
  RESULTS
  nNOS was localized to the adventitia of the mesenteric arterial tree showing more intense staining and increased protein expression in PVL as compared to sham rats. PNS induced a frequency-dependent vasorelaxation, which was more pronounced in PVL rats. L-NAME abolished this difference in nerval-mediated vasorelaxation, the effect being significantly greater in PVL than in sham animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perivascular nNOS-protein expression is enhanced in mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension mediating an increased nerval NO-mediated vasorelaxation. This nNOS-derived NO overproduction may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arterial vasodilation in portal hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University School of Medicine, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jurzik
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Froh
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Straub
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schölmerich
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wiest
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052248:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I; C496322:Nos1 protein, rat; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester