title: Predictions of summer diapause in the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Acari: Penthaleidae), in Australia.
abstract: A prediction for the onset of a summer diapause in the eggs of the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor, was developed for Australia. In this species diapause eggs pass the summer in the cadavers of adult female mites. Adult female mites were collected for several weeks from pastures in spring at 18 sites in south-western Australia and dissected to determine the timing of the production of diapause eggs. Some sites were sampled for several years between 1990 and 1997. A model was developed to predict the time for onset of diapause. The week at which 90% of eggs were in diapause was predicted best by daylength (80.1% of the variability), then by duration of the long-term plant growing season (10.4%, of variability), leaving 9.5% due to other factors. A single chemical spray in spring 2 weeks before the production of 90% diapause eggs resulted in 99% fewer mites present in autumn 7-8 months later at three sites. The timing of the spring spray was the factor leading to successful control. This model was tested at 17 sites across the whole geographical distribution of the redlegged earth mite in Australia between 1998 and 2001. The observed week of 90% diapause was within 1 week of the predicted week on 81% of occasions, and 2 weeks earlier on 15% of occasions. A database was created for the predicted date of onset of 90% diapause for the whole distribution of the redlegged earth mite in southern Australia on a 10 km(2) grid. Australian farmers are using this for timing a spring spray to control mites in the following autumn.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Entomology, Private Bag No. 5, P.O. Wembley, WA 6913, Australia. james.ridsdill-smith@csiro.au
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ridsdill-Smith
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pavri
authors.forename: Egbert
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Boer
authors.forename: Darren
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kriticos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001315:Australia; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D008925:Mites / Q000254:growth & development*; D010063:Ovum / Q000502:physiology*; D012621:Seasons; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods