title: Provinol prevents CsA-induced nephrotoxicity by reducing reactive oxygen species, iNOS, and NF-kB expression.
abstract: Cyclosporine A (CsA) use is associated with several side effects, the most important of which is nephrotoxicity that includes, as we previously showed, tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. Recently, many researchers have been interested in minimizing these effects by pharmacological interventions. To do this, we tested whether the administration of a red wine polyphenol, Provinol (PV), prevents the development of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity. Rats were treated for 21 days and divided into four groups: control; group treated with PV (40 mg/kg/day by oral administration in tap water); group treated with CsA (15 mg/kg/day by subcutaneous injection); group treated with CsA plus PV. CsA produced a significant increase of systolic blood pressure; it did not affect urinary output, but caused a significant decrease in creatinine clearance. These side effects were associated with an increase in conjugated dienes, which are lipid peroxidation products, inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor (NF)-kB, which are involved in antioxidant damage. However, PV prevented these negative effects through a protective mechanism that involved reduction of both oxidative stress and increased iNOS and NF-kB expression induced by CsA. These results provide a pharmacological basis for the beneficial effects of plant-derived polyphenols against CsA-induced renal damage associated with CsA.
authors.affiliation: Division of Human Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Buffoli
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Pechánová
authors.forename: Stanislava
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kojsová
authors.forename: Ramaroson
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andriantsitohaina
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giugno
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Rita
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rezzani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005355:Fibrosis; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010636:Phenols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D005419:Flavonoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D016572:Cyclosporine; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II