title: Characterizing the burden of occupational injury and disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the literature on the burden of occupational disease and injury and to provide a comprehensive characterization of the burden.
  
  
  METHODS
  The scientific and governmental literature from 1990 to the present was searched and evaluated. Thirty-eight studies illustrative of the burden of occupational disease were reviewed for findings, methodology, strengths, and limitations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent U.S. estimates of occupational mortality and morbidity include approximately 55,000 deaths (eighth leading cause) and 3.8 million disabling injuries per year, respectively. Comprehensive estimates of U.S. costs related to these burdens range between dollar 128 billion and dollar 155 billion per year. Despite these significant indicators, occupational morbidity, mortality, and risks are not well characterized in comparative burden assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The magnitude of occupational disease and injury burden is significant but underestimated. There is a need for an integrated approach to address these underestimates.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cincinnati, Ohio 45226, USA. pas4@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schulte
mesh_terms: D017281:Cost of Illness; D005260:Female; D005102:Health Expenditures / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality