title: Guidelines for prevention and management of complications following kidney transplantation in rats.
abstract: Kidney transplantation in rats is a useful model for microsurgery, transplantation, and immunology studies. Our aim was to analyze various techniques of kidney transplantation in rats with emphasis on guidelines for the prevention and management of complications. Complications were categorized into general, vascular, and urological types and respectively attributed to long transplantation time, core body temperature drop, nonreplaced intraoperative blood loss, anastomosis failure, and ureteral anastomoses with stents or cannulas, which increase the risk of calculus formation. In conclusion, to decrease the complication rates the animal should be placed on a heating pad. For hemodynamic stability NaCl should be administered subcutaneously. To reduce the risk of thrombosis, ice-cold saline containing heparin should be administered. Vascular complications, which mainly depend on the microsurgeon's expertise, can be prevented by meticulous surgical technique (preferably an end-in-end anastomosis). The main urinary complications can be minimized by avoiding stents and cannulas and focusing on using techniques like the bladder-patch technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Pahlavan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mehrabi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashfi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soleimani
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Fani-Yazdi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schemmer
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Gutt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Weitz
authors.forename: Th W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000379:methods / Q000473:pathology* / Q000592:standards; D023421:Models, Animal; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control