title: Comparison of high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol subclasses and sizes in Asian Indian women with Caucasian women from the Framingham Offspring Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Asian Indian women have a higher rate of coronary artery disease (CAD) than do other ethnic groups, despite similar conventional risk factors and lipid profiles. Smaller high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) particle size is associated with reduced cardiac protection or even an increased risk of CAD. Exceptional longevity correlates better with larger HDL-C particle sizes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Higher rates of CAD among Asian Indian women may partly be explained by the differenes in the prevalence of atherogenic HDL-C and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) sizes and their subclass concentrations among Asian Indian women compared with Caucasian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured HDL-C concentrations and sizes by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 119 relatively healthy Asian Indian women and compared them with those of 1752 Caucasian women from the Framingham Offspring Study (FOS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Asian Indian women were significantly younger (47.9 +/- 11.2 vs. 51.0 +/- 10.1 years, p = 0.0001), leaner (body mass index 24.0 +/- 4.7 vs. 26.0 +/- 5.6, p = < 0.0002), less likely to be postmenopausal (32 vs. 54%, p = < 0.0001), or smoke (< 1 vs. 20%, p = < 0.0001); nevertheless, prevalence of CAD was higher in Asian Indian women (4.2 vs. 1%, p = 0.0006). Asian Indian women had similar HDL-C (53 +/- 13 vs. 53 +/- 13 mg/dl, p = 0.99), smaller HDL-C particle size (8.9 +/- 0.35 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.44 nm, p = < 0.0001), higher total cholesterol (209 +/- 40 vs. 199 +/- 42 mg/dl, p = 0.01), and similar triglyceride (120 +/- 77 vs. 108 +/- 110 mg/d, p = 0.24) levels. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particle concentrations and sizes, as well as prevalence of pattern B were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with the FOS, Asian Indian women have significantly smaller overall HDL particle size and similar levels of HDL-C, which may reflect impaired, reverse cholesterol transport. Total cholesterol was higher, whereas triglyceride and LDL-C levels were similar. This may partly explain the higher CAD rates in Asian Indian women. Further large scale, prospective, long-term studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center-Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10457, USA. nbhalodkar@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Narendra C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Bhalodkar
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Thakor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rana
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitchappa
authors.forename: Ami N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Bhalodkar
authors.forename: Enas A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Enas
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008875:Middle Aged; D010316:Particle Size; D015995:Prevalence; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides