title: The -174 IL-6 GG genotype is associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family sample from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We evaluated the -174 IL-6 gene polymorphism as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a family-based analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested for associations between the -174 IL-6 G/C promoter polymorphism and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type 2 diabetes in a sample of 1,428 individuals from the largest 182 families in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant association was found with FPG (p=0.01) and log (FPG) (p=0.005) using a modified family-based transmission disequilibrium test, the family-based association test (FBAT). The association between IL-6 genotype and FPG (p=0.035) and log (FPG) (p=0.03) was also found in the subset of families that were informative in FBAT using a mixed-effects regression model and strengthened after adjustment for potential confounders (p=0.008 for log [FPG]). The mean glucose level estimated from models with log (FPG) as the dependent variable for the GG genotype in the informative families was significantly lower (5.20+/-0.06 mmol/l) than for the GC (5.41+/-0.06 mmol/l) and CC (5.38+/-0.06 mmol/l) genotypes (p=0.03 for contrast between GG and GC genotypes). In the subset of informative families, the risk of type 2 diabetes associated with the GG genotype was lower relative to the GC and CC genotypes combined (potential confounder-adjusted, mixed-effects odds ratio 0.35, 95% CI 0.14-0.88, p=0.026, unaffected n=391, affected n=32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results are consistent with a protective role for the -174 IL-6 G allele against type 2 diabetes and warrant further analysis of this polymorphism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. aherbert@bu.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karamohamed
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: P W F
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Cupples
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Meigs
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D015850:Interleukin-6