title: Successful nonoperative management of chronic osteoarthritis pain of the knee: safety and efficacy of retreatment with intra-articular hyaluronans.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although there are many nonsurgical therapies available for the treatment of pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA), their long-term use and safety have not been systematically followed. Intra-articular hyaluronan therapy has been used in the treatment of symptoms associated with OA of the knee with a very favorable safety profile. Five intra-articular hyaluronan products are approved in the US. No systematic review of the safety and efficacy of their chronic use has been reported.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the literature on the efficacy and safety of repeat courses of hyaluronan therapy in patients with OA of the knee.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, searched through October 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Databases were searched using the terms hyaluronan, sodium hyaluronate, hyaluronic acid, hylan, hylan G-F 20, osteoarthritis, adverse events, repeat treatment, and multiple courses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There are some data that support the benefit and safety of repeat treatment for all products. Data also indicate that one formulation of sodium hyaluronate (molecular weight [MW] 500-730 kDa) is well tolerated and as effective after multiple courses of treatment as it is after a single course. There is also clinical evidence that prolonged use of sodium hyaluronate (MW 500-730 kDa) may significantly decrease the rate of deterioration of joint structure. Localized severe acute inflammatory reactions reported with repeated treatment in some patients are not a class effect but may be linked to physicochemical characteristics of hylan-based treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeat courses of the hyaluronans are safe and effective in the treatment of pain associated with OA of the knee.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pagnano
authors.forename: Geoffrey
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Westrich
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid