title: Sensitive drug-resistance assays reveal long-term persistence of HIV-1 variants with the K103N nevirapine (NVP) resistance mutation in some women and infants after the administration of single-dose NVP: HIVNET 012.
abstract: The HIV Network for Prevention Trials (HIVNET) 012 trial showed that NVP resistance (NVPR) emerged in some women and children after the administration of single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP). We tested whether K103N-containing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 variants persisted in women and infants 1 year or more after the administration of SD-NVP.
  
  
  
  We analyzed samples from 9 women and 5 infants in HIVNET 012 who had NVPR 6-8 weeks after the administration of SD-NVP. Samples were analyzed with the ViroSeq system and with 2 sensitive resistance assays, LigAmp and TyHRT.
  
  
  
  ViroSeq detected the K103N mutation in 8 of 9 women and in 2 of 5 infants. LigAmp detected the K103N mutation at low levels in 8 of 9 women and in 4 of 5 infants. K103N was not detected by ViroSeq 12-24 months after the administration of SD-NVP but was detected by LigAmp in 3 of 9 women and in 1 of 5 infants. K103N was also detected in those samples by use of the TyHRT assay.
  
  
  
  K103N-containing variants persist in some women and infants for 1 year or more after the administration of SD-NVP. Sensitive resistance assays may provide new insight into the impact of antiretroviral drug exposure on HIV-1 evolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Tamara
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Flys
authors.forename: Dwight V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Nissley
authors.forename: Cassidy W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Claassen
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Chanjuan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mmiro
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Strathern
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eshleman
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D009154:Mutation; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D013997:Time Factors; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D014764:Viral Proteins; D019829:Nevirapine