title: Oxidative stress in portal hypertension-induced rats with particular emphasis on nitric oxide and trace metals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the oxidative-stress-related changes in rats with portal hypertension with particular emphasis on nitric oxide (NO) and trace metals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cirrhosis was induced by partial portal vein ligation (PVL) in Wistar rats. The lipid peroxidation marker (malondialdehyde, MDA), antioxidant defense enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and agents known to have antioxidant features including nitric oxide (NO), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) were determined both in serum and in liver tissue at 4 wk after surgery in PVL and sham-operated rats. Portal pressure of all experimental animals was measured. MDA was detected by thiobarbituric acid reactivity assay. SOD activity was determined by inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction with xanthine/xanthine oxidase used as a superoxide generator. CAT activity was determined by the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide. GSH concentrations were measured by using metaphosphoric acid for protein precipitation and 5'-5'-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid for color development. NO was detected by the Griess method after reduction of nitrate to nitrite with nitrate reductase, and the concentrations of Zn and Cu were measured by a Shimadzu 680 AA atomic absorption spectrometer. Histopathological confirmation was done under light microscope. Statistical analyses were done by Student's t-test, and significance of the difference was tested by the unpaired Mann-Whitney test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histopathological studies confirmed PVL-induced cirrhotic changes. There was a statistically significant difference in portal pressure between PVL and control groups (P<0.001). The results showed significant increases in the levels of MDA and NO in both tissue and serum (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively in tissue; P<0.001 for each in serum), and Zn only in tissue (P<0.001) in rats with PVL compared with sham-operated rats. Besides, PVL rats exhibited reduced plasma and tissue GSH, CAT, SOD (P<0.001 for each). Serum and tissue Cu concentration did not change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that PVL in rats induces important biochemical and molecular changes related to oxidative stress in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital and Department of Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Turkey.
authors.forename: Titiz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Izzet
authors.forename: Krand
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Unal
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ethem
authors.forename: Yavuz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nihat
authors.forename: Kusaslan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramazan
authors.forename: Dogan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mustafa
authors.forename: Uzun
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hafize
authors.forename: Kiziler Ali
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Riza
authors.forename: Aydemir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Birsen
authors.forename: Genc
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Habibe
authors.forename: Aydin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seval
authors.forename: Simsek
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gonul
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006975:Hypertension, Portal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014131:Trace Elements; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc