title: Effect of intensity of eggshell pigment and illuminated incubation on hatchability of brown eggs.
abstract: The effects of intensity of brown eggshell pigment (light (LBP), medium (MBP) and dark (DBP)) and light intensity during incubation (low and high, 900 to 1380 and 1430 to 2080 lux, respectively) on eggshell characteristics, embryonic growth, hatchability traits, chick hatching weight and hatching time were investigated using eggs from a meat-type breeder (Hybro) flock at 32, 36 and 41 weeks of age in three trials. With eggs of similar weights the intensity of brown pigment was not associated with eggshell weight and thickness, and did not influence embryo weight and egg weight loss during incubation. The shade of brown pigment of eggs laid by young hens influenced the percentage hatchability (HP) of eggs incubated under light. Illuminated incubation improved HP of LBP eggs (compared with MBP and DBP eggs) from 32- and 36-week-old hens, but had no significant effect on HP of eggs from 41-week-old hens. Light intensity during incubation did not influence egg weight loss. High intensity of light during incubation reduced HP and increased early death percentage (EDP) in the LBP and MBP groups, and did not influence HP and EDP in the DBP group. Brown eggshell pigment and intensity of light during incubation did not influence hatching time. It is concluded that the shade of brown pigment, intensity of light during incubation and age of the breeder hens influenced the hatchability performance of embryos from brown eggs. Light during incubation improved the hatchability of embryos in light brown eggs laid by young hens and the shade of brown pigment of eggs laid by older hens did not influence hatchability under illuminated incubation. High intensity of light during incubation reduced hatchability of light and medium brown eggs, but not the dark brown eggs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, King Saud University, PO Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. tmshafey@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Shafey
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Batshan
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Ghannam
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Ayed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D004528:Egg Shell / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D008027:Light; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010860:Pigments, Biological