Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sex differences in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is an important etiopathological mechanism of acute renal failure (ARF). Despite improvements in the treatment of ARF, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. I/R injury also occurs during renal transplantation and leads to reduced allograft survival. Sex differences have been found in I/R injury in many different organs including the kidney. Women have half the mortality of men in ARF. In animal models also, females are protected against renal I/R injury. The mechanisms by which sex affects the outcome to renal I/R injury are being actively investigated. This review will examine the evidence for gender differences in renal I/R injury and discuss the probable mechanisms by which sex affects the renal response to I/R injury.
Kher
Ajay
A
Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Meldrum
Kirstan K
KK
Wang
Meijing
M
Tsai
Ben M
BM
Pitcher
Jeffrey M
JM
Meldrum
Daniel R
DR
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D006084:Graft Rejection; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous