title: The level of recognition of physical symptoms in patients with a major depression episode in the outpatient psychiatric practice in Puerto Rico: an observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to evaluate the psychiatrists' level of recognition of somatic symptoms associated to a major depressive episode (MDE) (DSM-IV-TR criteria) and the impact of those somatic symptoms on the treatment effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  This non-interventional study was conducted in 25 medical offices in Puerto Rico from February to December 2003. It had 2 visits separated by 8 weeks. The level of recognition was determined by: the correlation between the physician clinical evaluation and their patients' self-evaluations through different validated instruments using kappa statistics. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the impact of somatic symptoms on treatment antidepressants' effectiveness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the 145 recruited patients reported the presence of at least one somatic symptom associated with their current MDE. In the two visits covered by the study, a fair agreement between the psychiatrists' and the patients' reports was noted for headache, abdominal pain and upper limb pains (0.4003 <or= kappa >or= 0.6594). For other painful symptoms and painless somatic symptoms, the Kappa values obtained were non-significant. Slight but significant reductions in depression and painful symptoms severity were observed after 8 weeks of treatment. A proportional relationship between the pain and depression severity was observed (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study results show that somatic symptoms: are very common in depressed Puerto Rican patients; are significant under-reported by psychiatrists; and have a significant impact on the antidepressant effectiveness.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, San Juan, Puerto Rico. j.tamayo@lilly.com
authors.forename: Jorge M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Tamayo
authors.forename: Karis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Román
authors.forename: Juan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Fumero
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rivas
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001294:Attitude to Health; D015897:Comorbidity; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011647:Puerto Rico; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013001:Somatoform Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents