title: The effect of beta-carotene and its derivatives on cytotoxicity, differentiation, proliferative potential and apoptosis on the three human acute leukemia cell lines: U-937, HL-60 and TF-1.
abstract: The influence of beta-carotene (BC) and its derivatives on differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in three human acute leukemia cell lines was studied. We investigated: (i) the cellular uptake of BC, (ii) the cytotoxicity, (iii) the effect on cell cycle progression and/or apoptosis. The dose- and time-dependent pattern of cellular BC uptake in all studied cell lines was seen. We did not observe any cytotoxic effect of BC and ATRA in the chosen concentrations. There was only limited effect of BC on gene expression. The microarrray analysis of U-937 cell line exposed to BC for 72 h showed an increased expression of BAX gene. This finding was confirmed by real-time Q-PCR analysis, and supported by a flow cytometry apoptosis tests. We did not observe any influence of studied components on cellular proliferation. The induction of differentiation after incubation with ATRA in HL-60 cells was noted. The induction of cellular apoptosis by BC was seen in all studied cell lines. We demonstrated that BC used in the concentrations achievable in vivo does not affect the proliferation and differentiation process of the studied leukemic cell lines, but can influence and enhance the apoptosis by modulating the expression of the regulatory genes.
authors.affiliation: Chair and Department of Haematology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 17, 31-501 Cracow, Poland. mmsacha@cyf-kr.edu.pl
authors.forename: Tomasz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sacha
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zawada
authors.forename: Jadwiga
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hartwich
authors.forename: Zofia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Lach
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polus
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Szostek
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zdzi Owska
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Libura
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bodzioch
authors.forename: Aldona
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dembińska-Kieć
authors.forename: Aleksander B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Skotnicki
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Góralczyk
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wertz
authors.forename: Georges
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Riss
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Moele
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Langmann
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schmitz
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D020298:U937 Cells; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene