title: Lidocaine gel versus combined topical anesthesia using bupivacaine, oxybuprocaine and diclofenac eyedrops in cataract surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the safety and efficacy of two topical anesthesia regimes for cataract surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  21 patients received a combination of 4 times bupivacaine 0.5, oxybuprocaine and diclofenac eyedrops, 18 patients were given a single topical application of lidocaine gel 2%. A single intracameral injection of lidocaine 1% was administered to all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The extent to which the surgeon was bothered by patient motility was graded as low in about two thirds of all procedures. Patients reported lower intraoperative pain levels with a single application of lidocaine gel supplemented with intracameral lidocaine than with a fourfold application of the combination topical anesthesia plus intracameral anesthesia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single application of lidocaine gel 2% combined with intracameral anesthesia provides at least as good analgesia than multiple administration of combined topical anesthesia supplemented with intracameral anesthesia and is equally safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. mthill@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thill
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Zeitz
authors.forename: Ines
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Richard
authors.forename: Gisbert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richard
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000698:Analgesia; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D019162:Anesthetics, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D018918:Phacoemulsification; D011343:Procaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D012449:Safety; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019162:Anesthetics, Combined; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005782:Gels; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D004008:Diclofenac; D011343:Procaine; D008012:Lidocaine; C005298:benoxinate; D002045:Bupivacaine