title: The role of CYP2C and CYP3A in the disposition of 3-keto-desogestrel after administration of desogestrel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objective was to study in vivo the role of CYP2C and CYP3A4 in the disposition of 3-keto-desogestrel after administration of desogestrel, by using the selective inhibitors fluconazole (CYP2C) and itraconazole (CYP3A4).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study had a three-way crossover design and included 12 healthy females, the data from 11 of whom were analyzed. In the first (control) phase all subjects received a single 150 microg oral dose of desogestrel alone. In the second and third phases subjects received a 4 day pretreatment with either 200 mg fluconazole or 200 mg itraconazole once daily in a randomized balanced order. Desogestrel was given 1 h after the last dose of the CYP inhibitor. Plasma 3-keto-desogestrel concentrations were determined for up to 72 h post dose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pretreatment with itraconazole for 4 days significantly increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of 3-keto-desogestrel by 72.4% (95% confidence interval on the difference 12%, 133%; P = 0.024) compared with the control phase, whereas fluconazole pretreatment had no significant effect (95% CI on the difference -42%, 34%). Neither enzyme inhibitor affected significantly the maximum concentration (95% CI on the difference 14%, 124% for itraconazole and -23%, 40% for fluconazole) or elimination half-life (95% CI on the difference -42%, 120% for itraconazole and -24%, 61% for fluconazole) of 3-keto-desogestrel.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to the present study, the biotransformation of desogestrel to 3-keto-desogestrel did not appear to be mediated by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 as suggested earlier. However, the further metabolism of 3-keto-desogestrel seems to be catalyzed by CYP3A4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. tukorho@utu.fi
authors.forename: Tuomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Korhonen
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolonen
authors.forename: Jouko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Uusitalo
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jalonen
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Laine
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000502:physiology*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000502:physiology*; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; C400322:cytochrome P-450 CYP2C subfamily; C044815:etonogestrel; D017135:Desogestrel; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D010089:Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating