title: Influence of inhalation anesthesia assessed by comprehensive gene expression profiling.
abstract: Although general anesthesia is routinely used as an essential surgical procedure and its harmlessness has been evaluated and endorsed by clinical outcomes, little is known about its comprehensive influence that is not reflected in mortality and morbidity. In this paper, we have shown that inhalation anesthesia affected the expression of <1.5% of >10,000 genes, by analyzing the expression profiles for multiple organs of rats anesthetized with sevoflurane. The small number of transcripts affected by the inhalation anesthesia comprised those specific to single and common in multiple organs. The former included genes mainly associated with drug metabolism in the liver and influenced by agents such as amphetamine in the brain. The latter contained multiple circadian genes. In the brain, we failed to detect the alteration of the clock gene expression with the exception of Per2, assuming that anesthesia perturbs circadian rhythms. Our findings provide the first assessment for the influence of inhalation anesthesia by approaches of experimental biology and genome science.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan. nol-saka@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Atsuhiro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Jun-Ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Imai
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Honma
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanagisawa
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Shinya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D012313:RNA / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012313:RNA