title: Spontaneous 24-h ghrelin secretion pattern in fasting subjects: maintenance of a meal-related pattern.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ghrelin stimulates GH release and causes weight gain through increased food intake and reduced fat utilization. Ghrelin levels were shown to rise in the preprandial period and decrease shortly after meal consumption, suggesting a role as a possible meal initiator. However, ghrelin secretion in fasting subjects has not yet been studied in detail.
  
  
  METHODS
  24-h ghrelin profiles were studied in six healthy volunteers (three females; 25.5 years; body mass index 22.8 kg/m(2)) and compared with GH, insulin and glucose levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken every 20 min during a 24-h fasting period and total ghrelin levels were measured by RIA using a polyclonal rabbit antibody. The circadian pattern of ghrelin secretion and pulsatility (Cluster analysis) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An increase and spontaneous decrease in ghrelin were seen at the timepoints of customary meals. Ghrelin was secreted in a pulsatile manner with approximately 8 peaks/24 h. An overall decrease in ghrelin levels was observed during the study period. There was no correlation of ghrelin with GH, insulin or blood glucose levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study indicates that fasting ghrelin profiles display a circadian pattern similar to that described in people eating three times per day. In a fasting condition, GH, insulin and glucose do not appear to be involved in ghrelin regulation. In addition, we found that ghrelin is secreted in a pulsatile pattern. The variation in ghrelin independently of meals in fasting subjects supports previous observations that it is the brain that is primarily involved in the regulation of meal initiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Natalucci
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Riedl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gleiss
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zidek
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Frisch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D054439:Ghrelin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D010865:Pilot Projects
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D054439:Ghrelin; D007328:Insulin; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D019382:Human Growth Hormone