title: Comparison of culture and real-time PCR for detection and quantification of five putative periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque samples.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bacterial cultivation is a well-established method for analyzing plaque samples. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a novel rapid method for the identification and quantification of periodontopathogenic bacteria that has been recently introduced. In this study, we compared real-time PCR with conventional anaerobic cultivation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 78 subgingival plaque samples were harvested from pockets > or =5 mm in 22 patients with advanced chronic periodontitis and immediately transferred into transport medium. Aliquots were evaluated with species-specific probes by real-time PCR (meridol Perio Diagnostics, GABA) and anaerobic bacteria culture on selective media for the detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Tannerella forsythensis. The analysis was performed by two separate, blinded examiners.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When real-time PCR was compared with the culture method (golden standard) for the detection of putative periodontopathogenic bacteria, the sensitivity and specificity for A. actinomycetemcomitans were 67% and 100%, respectively (kappa: 0.79); for F. nucleatum 73% and 53%, respectively (kappa: 0.21); for P. gingivalis 94% and 84%, respectively (kappa: 0.77); for P. intermedia 33% and 94%, respectively (kappa: 0.26) and for T. forsythensis 92% and 56%, respectively (kappa: 0.51). Spearman's correlation coefficients for the quantitative results of both methods were 0.82 for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 0.33 for F. nucleatum, 0.83 for P. gingivalis, 0.38 for P. intermedia and 0.67 for T. forsythensis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the agreement between both test methods was excellent for A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, fair for T. forsythensis and poor for F. nucleatum and P. intermedia. The discrepancies in the results may be explained by the inability of cultivation methods to distinguish between close related taxa, and the problems of keeping periopathogenic bacteria viable, which is required for standard cultivation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany. storm@uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: P-M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Jervøe-Storm
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koltzscher
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dörfler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jepsen
mesh_terms: D016976:Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001439:Bacteroides / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D016967:Fusobacterium nucleatum / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D010514:Periodontal Pocket / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial