title: Salmonella-like bioadhesive nanoparticles.
abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioadhesive potential of a polymeric vector obtained by the association between Gantrez AN nanoparticles and flagella-enriched Salmonella enteritidis extract. Fluorescently labelled nanoparticles (SE-NP) were prepared, after incubation between the polymer and the extract, by a solvent displacement method and cross-linkage with 1,3-diaminopropane. SE-NP displayed a size close to 280 nm and the amount of associated bacterial extract was 18 mug/mg nanoparticle. Flagellin represents more than 80% of the total proteins associated with SE-NP, which was identified by SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blotting. Concerning the bioadhesive properties, SE-NP shows an important tropism for the ileum. In fact, about 50% of the given dose of SE-NP was found in this gut region for at least 3 h. Interestingly, the bioadhesive ability of SE-NP correlated well with the described colonisation profile for Salmonella enteritidis. This fact was corroborated by competitive tissue distribution studies. Thus, when SE-NP and Salmonella cells were administered together by the oral route, both the bacteria and the nanoparticles displayed a similar distribution within the intestinal mucosa. However, the ability of SE-NP to be taken up by Peyer's patches appeared to be negatively affected by the presence of the bacteria. Similarly, when SE-NP was administered 30 min before cells, SE-NP were found broadly distributed in Peyer's patches, whereas the bacteria were neither able to adhere to nor penetrate this lymphoid tissue. In summary, SE-NP demonstrated their Salmonella-like gut colonization, which can be a useful vector for oral targeting strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centro Galénico, Facultad de Farmacia, University of Navarra, Apartado. 177, 31080 Pamplona, Spain.
authors.forename: Hesham H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Salman
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gamazo
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Campanero
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Irache
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D005408:Flagellin; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008298:Maleates; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D049329:Nanostructures; D010316:Particle Size; D011145:Polyvinyls; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012235:Rhodamines; D012477:Salmonella enteritidis; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D008298:Maleates; D011145:Polyvinyls; D012235:Rhodamines; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; C058026:polyvinylmethoxyethylene-maleic anhydride copolymer; D005408:Flagellin; C027755:rhodamine isothiocyanate; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate