title: Cytolytic replication of coxsackievirus B2 in CAR-deficient rhabdomyosarcoma cells.
abstract: The six coxsackievirus B serotypes (CVB1-6) use the coxsackie- and adenovirus receptor (CAR) for host cell entry. Four of these serotypes, CVB1, 3, 5 and 6, have also shown the capacity to replicate and cause cytolysis in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells, a CAR-deficient cell line. This extended tropism has been associated with an acquired ability to bind decay accelerating factor (DAF). In this study, we have adapted the CVB2 prototype strain Ohio-1 (CVB2/O) to replicate in RD cells. Two types of infection were identified: (I) an enterovirus-typical, lytic infection, and (II) a non-lytic infection. Both CVB2/O-RD variants retained the prototype-ability to cause cytopathic effect in HeLa cells using CAR as receptor. Phenotypic and genotypic changes in the CVB2/O-RD-variants were determined and compared to the prototype cultured in HeLa cells. Inhibition studies using antibodies against CAR and DAF revealed a maintained ability of the CVB2/O-RD-variants to bind CAR, but no binding to DAF was observed. In addition, neither the prototype nor the CVB2/O-RD-variants were able to cause hemagglutination in human red blood cells, an enterovirus feature associated with affinity for DAF. Sequence analysis of the CVB2/O-RD-variants showed acquired mutations in the capsid region, suggesting extended receptor usage towards an alternative, yet unidentified, receptor for CVB2.
authors.affiliation: University of Kalmar, Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden.
authors.forename: Charlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polacek
authors.forename: Jens-Ola
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: Anneli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lundgren
authors.forename: A Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lindberg
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D018958:CD55 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D016466:CHO Cells; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006224:Cricetinae; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D029822:Enterovirus B, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006387:Hemagglutination, Viral; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics; D008958:Models, Molecular; D051603:Recoverin; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D012692:Serial Passage; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D018958:CD55 Antigens; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D008074:Lipoproteins; C496731:RCVRN protein, human; D051603:Recoverin