title: Concentration and detection of SARS coronavirus in sewage from Xiao Tang Shan Hospital and the 309th Hospital.
abstract: The transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is associated with close contact to SARS patients and droplet secretions of those patients. The finding of positive RT-PCR results from stools of SARS patients suggests that stools of SARS patients or sewage containing stools of patients could transmit SARS-CoV. We used a novel style of electropositive filter media particle to concentrate the SARS-CoV from the sewage of two hospitals receiving SARS patients in Beijing. We also used cell culture, RT-PCR and gene sequencing to detect and identify the viruses from sewage. No infectious SARS-CoV contamination was found in any of the samples collected, but the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV could be detected in the sewage from the two hospitals before disinfection. While the RNA was only detected in three samples from the 309th Hospital, the others were negative after disinfection. These findings provide strong evidence that SARS-CoV can be excreted through the stool/urine of patients into sewage system, thus making the sewage system a possible route of transmission.
authors.affiliation: Tianjin Institute of Environment and Health, 1 Da Li Road, Tianjin 300050, PR China.
authors.forename: Xin-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ting-Kai
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Qing-Xin
authors.initials: QX
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Zhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Nong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Wen-Jun
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Xiao
authors.forename: Xiu-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Chang-Qing
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jian-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guo-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Min-Nian
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tong-Yu
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Gui-Jie
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yao-Hui
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Huai-Huan
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fu-Huan
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Chao
authors.forename: Jun-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces / Q000821:virology; D005374:Filtration / Q000379:methods; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D045169:Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D012722:Sewage / Q000821:virology*; D014773:Virology / Q000379:methods; D014776:Virus Cultivation
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage