title: Estrogenic activity of impurities in industrial grade bisphenol A.
abstract: The estrogenicities of 10 compounds found as impurities in industrial grade bisphenol A (BPA) were measured by yeasttwo-hybrid assays incorporating the human estrogen receptor alpha(hERalpha) orthe medaka fish (Oryziaslatipes) estrogen receptor alpha (medERalpha). Five impurities showed greater activity than BPA itself in an agonist assay for hERalpha. p-Cumylphenol, the most active of the impurities in the hERalpha assay, was 12 times as active as BPA. The REC10 (10% relative effective concentration: 10% of the activity of 10(-8)M 17,B-estradiol) was 710 nM. Five impurities showed greater activity than BPA in an agonist assay for medERa: 4,4'-(1,3-dimethylbutylidene) bisphenol and 2-(4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylchroman were nearly equipotent and 9 times as active as BPA, and the REC10 values of these compounds in the medERalpha assay were 280 and 320 nM, respectively. Comparison of the experimentally determined estrogenicities of mixtures of BPA and 4,4'-(1,3-dimeth-ylbutylidene) bisphenol and those calculated by the concentrations addition (CA) method confirmed the suitability of the method for the prediction of the estrogenicities of the mixtures of BPA and its phenolic analogues. The measured estrogenicities of four samples of industrial grade BPA and laboratory grade (pure) BPA were not significantly different in either the hERalpha assay or the medERalpha assay (p > 0.05 in each case). We conclude that the impurities in industrial grade BPA, although some are of much higher estrogenic activity than BPA itself, do not significantly increase the estrogenicity of the industrial compound and therefore do not increase possible adverse health effects from such activity.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan. terasaki@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terasaki
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: Masatoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000819:agonists* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D009990:Oryzias; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004968:Estrogens, Non-Steroidal; D010636:Phenols; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds