title: Attempted cleaning of bloodstains and its effect on the forensic luminol test.
abstract: The forensic luminol test has long been valued for its ability to detect trace amounts of blood that are invisible to the naked eye. This is the first quantitative study to determine the effect on the luminol test when an attempt is made to clean bloodstained tiles with a known interfering catalyst (bleach). Tiles covered with either wet or dry blood were tested, and either water or sodium hypochlorite solution (bleach) was used to clean the tiles. As expected, the chemiluminescence intensity produced when luminol was applied generally decreased with the number of times that a tile was cleaned with water, until the chemiluminescence was neither visible nor detectable. However, when the tiles were cleaned with bleach there was an initial drop in chemiluminescence intensity, followed by a rise to a consistently high value, visibly indistinguishable from that of blood. Examination of bleach drying time suggested that any interfering effect becomes negligible after 8 h.
authors.affiliation: Chemistry, M313, School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
authors.forename: Jonathan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Creamer
authors.forename: Terence I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Quickenden
authors.forename: Leah B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Crichton
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Rasha A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Ruhayel
mesh_terms: D001801:Blood Stains; D002384:Catalysis; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D049449:Luminescence; D008165:Luminol / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D008165:Luminol; D012973:Sodium Hypochlorite