title: The effects of early headgear treatment on dental arches and craniofacial morphology: an 8 year report of a randomized study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effects of early headgear (HG) treatment on craniofacial structures. The total study group comprised 68 children (40 males and 28 females) aged 7.6 years (standard deviation 0.3 years). The children, who had a Class II tendency in occlusion and moderate crowding, were randomly divided into two groups of equal size. In the first group, HG treatment was initiated immediately. In the second group, which served as a control group, only minor interceptive procedures were performed during the first follow-up period of 2 years. During the 8 year follow-up, orthodontic therapy, including fixed appliances and possible extractions, was carried out when necessary. The results showed that the most evident difference between the groups was the wider and longer dental arches in the HG group, which could only partly be explained by the higher rate of extractions in the control group. For the cephalometric measurements, the most significant difference was in the maxillary plane orientation. The peer assessment rating (PAR) score, showing the general outcome of treatment, was at the same level in both groups at follow-up. The deficit of the early HG treatment was the longer mean total treatment time, resulting from the two-phase treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics and Oral Development, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Finland. ppirtin@cc.oulu.fi
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pirttiniemi
authors.forename: Tuomo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kantomaa
authors.forename: Raimo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mäntysaari
authors.forename: Aila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pykäläinen
authors.forename: Viktorija
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krusinskiene
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laitala
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karikko
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000601:surgery; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009972:Orthodontics, Interceptive / Q000379:methods*; D018024:Peer Review, Health Care; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D016896:Treatment Outcome