title: US-guided placement of temporary internal jugular vein catheters: immediate technical success and complications in normal and high-risk patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the technical success and immediate complication rates of temporary internal jugular vein (IJV) haemodialysis catheter placement in normal and high-risk patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two-hundred and twenty temporary internal jugular vein catheters inserted under ultrasound guidance in 172 patients were prospectively analyzed. Of 172 patients, 93 (54%) were males and 79 (46%) were females (age range, 18-83; mean, 56.0 years). Of 220 catheters, 171 (78%) were placed in patients who had a risk factor for catheter placement like patients with disorder of haemostasis, poor compliance, and previous multiple catheter insertion in the same IJV. Forty-seven (21.3%) procedures were performed on bed-side. A catheter was inserted in the right IJV in 178 procedures (80.9%) and left IJV in 42 procedures. Of 172 patients, 112 (65%) had only one catheter placement and the rest had had more than one catheter placement (range, 1-5).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Technical success was achieved in all patients (100%). Average number of puncture was 1.24 (range, 1-3). One hundred and eighty-three insertions (83.1%) were single-wall punctures, whereas 37 punctures were double wall punctures. Nine (4%) minor complications were encountered. Inadvertent carotid artery puncture without a sequel in four procedures (1.8%), oozing of blood around the catheter in three procedures (1.4%), a small hematoma in one procedure (0.4%), and puncture through the pleura in one procedure (0.4%) without development of pneumothorax. Oozing of blood was seen only in patients with disorder of haemostasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasound-guided placement of internal jugular vein catheters is very safe with very high success rate and few complications. It can safely be performed in high-risk patients, like patients with disorders of haemostasis and patients with previous multiple catheter insertion in the same vein.
authors.affiliation: Baskent University, Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center, Department of Radiology, Adana, Turkey. loguzkurt@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Oguzkurt
authors.forename: Fahri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tercan
authors.forename: Gulcan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: Dilek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Torun
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kizilkilic
authors.forename: Tulin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yildirim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007601:Jugular Veins / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011677:Punctures; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional