title: TGF-{beta} signaling of human T cells is modulated by the ancillary TGF-{beta} receptor endoglin.
abstract: Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) inhibits T cell activation and alters differentiation of naive T cells into effector cells. Although four main cell-surface proteins can interact with TGF-beta, only the signaling receptors type I (TGF-betaR type I) and type II (TGF-betaR type II) have so far been described on T cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of the ancillary receptor endoglin (CD105) by T cells and its role in TGF-beta-mediated signal transduction and function. CD105 expression was analyzed on resting and activated human CD4(+) T cells by flow cytometry, western blot, immunoprecipitation, proliferation and SMAD-responsive reporter gene assays. CD4(+) T cells constitutively expressed CD105 in memory T cells and partially also in naive T cells; however, surface expression is regulated and is increased following TCR engagement, which induced serine/threonine phosphorylation of CD105. In contrast to the suppressive signal mediated by the TGF-beta, cross-linking of CD105 substantially enhanced T cell proliferation, indicating that CD105 by itself mediates signal transduction. Furthermore, CD105 cross-linking induced SMAD-independent signaling via ERK kinase phosphorylation. The present study demonstrates that CD105 is expressed on the surface by activated CD4(+) T cells and CD3 regulated by post-translational means. Furthermore, CD105 acts as a regulatory receptor, counteracting TGF-beta-mediated suppression.
authors.affiliation: Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, Obere Strasse 22, CH-7270 Davos, Switzerland. csweber@siaf.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Carsten B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Weber
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Letarte
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kunzmann
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.forename: Carmelo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bernabéu
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Blaser
mesh_terms: D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I / Q000276:immunology*; D015703:Antigens, CD; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D000071063:Endoglin; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000276:immunology; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; C064206:ENG protein, human; D000071063:Endoglin; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D030201:Activin Receptors, Type I; D000077293:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II