title: Percutaneous coronary intervention triggers a systemic inflammatory response in patients treated for in-stent restenosis -- comparison with stable and unstable angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is believed that the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response induced by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) impacts on the long-term outcomes in patients with stable angina (SA) and unstable angina (UA). We aimed to determine whether an inflammatory response appears in in-stent restenosis (ISR) patients undergoing balloon angioplasty and to assess its pattern and magnitude in relation to SA and UA subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 patients (59 with SA, 10 with UA, 11 with ISR) were enrolled into the prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  SA and UA patients undergoing single vessel coronary balloon angioplasty followed by stenting versus ISR subjects in whom only balloon angioplasty was performed.
  
  
  METHODS
  C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) were measured in blood samples collected before and 6, 24 h and 1 month after the procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparable pattern of inflammatory response in terms of CRP and SAA concentrations in subjects undergoing PCI due to ISR and SA was discovered while in unstable patients its magnitude was substantially higher. CRP and SAA levels increased significantly in each group with the peak value at 24 h and the baseline levels remarkably correlated with the highest markers' concentrations. In contrast, preprocedural TNF-alpha concentrations were higher in ISR group when compared with SA and UA patients. Additionally, in ISR group a twofold increase in their values of borderline significance at 6 h was noted. SA and UA subjects were found to have significantly lower TNF-alpha levels at 6 and 24 h after the intervention though the marker concentrations markedly increased with peak values at 1 month. The levels of IL-10 did not differ at any time point between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that PCI triggers a systemic inflammatory response in patients with ISR and considerable differences in its pattern when compared with SA and UA patients were demonstrated. Moreover, a high preprocedural TNF-alpha level and its increase provoked by PCI in the ISR group warrant the need for further investigation of its possible involvement in the restenosis process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, The Ludwik Rydygier Medical University in Bydgoszcz, Sklodowskiej-Curie 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland. jkubica@amb.bydgoszcz.pl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozinski
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krzewina-Kowalska
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kubica
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zbikowska-Gotz
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dymek
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Piasecki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sukiennik
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grzesk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bogdan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chojnicki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dziedziczko
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sypniewska
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000097:blood*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood*; D000800:Angioplasty, Balloon / Q000379:methods; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000379:methods*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease; D023903:Coronary Restenosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015607:Stents; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D002097:C-Reactive Protein