title: Myogenic bladder decompensation in boys with a history of posterior urethral valves is caused by secondary bladder neck obstruction?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether myogenic bladder decompensation in patients treated for congenital posterior urethral valves (PUV, the most serious cause of infravesical obstruction in male neonates and infants) may be secondary to bladder neck obstruction, as despite prompt ablation of PUV these patients can have dysfunctional voiding during later childhood or adolescence, the so-called 'valve bladder syndrome'.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study comprised 18 boys (mean age 14 years, range 6.2-18.5) who had had successful transurethral ablation of PUV between 1982 and 1996, and had completed a follow-up which included serial assessment of serum creatinine, completion of a standard voiding diary, ultrasonography with measurement of urine before and after voiding, a urodynamic examination with simultaneous multichannel recording of pressure, volume and flow relationships during the filling and voiding phases, coupled with video-cystoscopy at least twice. The mean (range) follow-up was 9.3 (6-17) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urodynamic investigation showed myogenic failure with inadequate bladder emptying in 10 patients; five with myogenic failure also had unstable bladder contractions. On video-cystoscopy the posterior bladder neck lip appeared elevated in all patients but in those with myogenic failure it was strongly suggestive of hypertrophy, with evidence of obstruction. At the last follow-up one patient with myogenic failure who had had bladder neck incision and four others who were being treated with alpha-adrenergic antagonists had a significant reduction of their postvoid residual urine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite early valve ablation, a large proportion of boys treated for PUV have gradual detrusor decompensation, which may be caused by secondary bladder neck obstruction leading to obstructive voiding and finally detrusor failure. Surgical or pharmacological intervention to improve bladder neck obstruction may possibly avert this course, but further studies are needed to validate this hypothesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Urology, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Philippos A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Androulakakis
authors.forename: Dimitrios K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Karamanolakis
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsahouridis
authors.forename: Antonios A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
authors.forename: Ilias
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Palaeodimos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000601:surgery; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology