title: Pathogenicity of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes) and permethrin to Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) nymphs.
abstract: Effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, for controlling nymphal Ixodes scapularis, was tested in laboratory and field trials. In the laboratory, M. anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin strain ESC1 was moderately pathogenic, with an LC50 of 10(7) spores/ml and induced 70% mortality at 10(9) spores/ml. In a field study, however, 10(9) spores/ml M. anisopliae did not effectively control questing I. scapularis nymphs, and significant differences were not detected in pre- and post-treatment densities. For nymphs collected and returned to the laboratory for observation, mortality was low in treatment groups, ranging from 20 to 36%. To assess whether a chemical acaricide would synergistically enhance pathogenicity of the fungus, we challenged unfed nymphal I. scapularis with combinations of M. anisopliae and permethrin, a relatively safe pyrethroid acaricide, in two separate bioassays. Significant interactions between M. anisopliae and permethrin were not observed, supporting neither synergism nor antagonism.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Box AB, Route 44A, Millbrook, NY 12545-0129, USA.
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Hornbostel
authors.forename: Elyes
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zhioua
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Benjamin
authors.forename: Howard S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Ginsberg
authors.forename: Richard S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ostfeldt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007306:Insecticides; D018884:Ixodes / Q000382:microbiology*; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000502:physiology*; D009758:Nymph / Q000382:microbiology; D026023:Permethrin; D010572:Pest Control, Biological; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D026023:Permethrin