title: Smallpox vaccine-induced antibodies are necessary and sufficient for protection against monkeypox virus.
abstract: Vaccination with live vaccinia virus affords long-lasting protection against variola virus, the agent of smallpox. Its mode of protection in humans, however, has not been clearly defined. Here we report that vaccinia-specific B-cell responses are essential for protection of macaques from monkeypox virus, a variola virus ortholog. Antibody-mediated depletion of B cells, but not CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, abrogated vaccine-induced protection from a lethal intravenous challenge with monkeypox virus. In addition, passive transfer of human vaccinia-neutralizing antibodies protected nonimmunized macaques from severe disease. Thus, vaccines able to induce long-lasting protective antibody responses may constitute realistic alternatives to the currently available smallpox vaccine (Dryvax).
authors.affiliation: Animal Models & Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, 41/D804, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Edghill-Smith
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: Jody
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manischewitz
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bray
authors.forename: Aysegul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nalca
authors.forename: Jay W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Whitehouse
authors.forename: Joern E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Reimann
authors.forename: Genoveffa
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Franchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D045908:Mpox, Monkeypox / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D008993:Monkeypox virus / Q000276:immunology*; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; C078786:DryVax vaccine; D012900:Smallpox Vaccine