title: P2 receptor blockade attenuates fever and cytokine responses induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats.
abstract: Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to induce release of cytokines implicated in fever, including interleukin(IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The role of ATP-mediated purinergic signalling in fever and cytokine release during systemic inflammation was investigated by studying the effects of P2 receptor antagonists suramin, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS), and Brilliant Blue G (BBG) on changes in body temperature and the increases in plasma levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNFalpha induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats. LPS (Escherichia coli; 50 microg kg(-1))-induced febrile response was attenuated by suramin (25 mg kg(-1) and 100 mg kg(-1)), PPADS (25 mg kg(-1)), and a more selective P2X(7) receptor antagonist BBG (100 mg kg(-1)) injected intraperitoneally before the induction of fever. The increase in plasma concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-6, measured 1 h after LPS treatment, was reduced by PPADS (25 mg kg(-1)) and BBG (100 mg kg(-1)). LPS-induced increase in plasma TNF-alpha concentration was also markedly attenuated by BBG (100 mg kg(-1)), but not by PPADS (25 mg kg(-1)). These data indicate that purinergic signalling plays an important role in the mechanisms responsible for the LPS-induced febrile response and increases in the levels of circulating cytokines. We suggest that ATP acting via P2X(7) receptors induces release of pyrogenic cytokines to mediate fever during systemic inflammation.
authors.affiliation: 1Department of Physiology, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, University College London, Hampstead Campus, UK. a.gourine@rfc.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Gourine
authors.forename: Dmitry M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Poputnikov
authors.forename: Nikolai
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zhernosek
authors.forename: Ekaterina V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Melenchuk
authors.forename: Rüdiger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gerstberger
authors.forename: K Michael
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Spyer
authors.forename: Valery N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Gourine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013498:Suramin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D058919:Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; D058486:Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; D012394:Rosaniline Dyes; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C077792:pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid; D011732:Pyridoxal Phosphate; D013498:Suramin; C004692:coomassie Brilliant Blue