title: Effects of BioChlor and Fermenten on microbial protein synthesis in continuous culture fermenters.
abstract: Meta analysis models were constructed from a data-set of 15 continuous culture fermenter trials and 118 observations on studies with either BioChlor (n = 23 observations) or Fermenten (n = 95) included at 10 and 3%, respectively, of dietary dry matter (DM) to evaluate effects of the ingredients BioChlor and Fermenten (B/F) on rumen function. Digestibility of crude protein was significantly increased by 11% with B/F treatment. This was reflected in significant increases in digestibility of DM and organic matter (OM) by 3.6 and 7.9%, respectively. Increased amounts of sugar in the diet in the presence of B/F tended to reduce digestibility of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC); however, the net effect on NSC digestion was small. There was no effect of treatment on most individual volatile fatty acids (VFA) or total VFA production. Propionate production, however, was significantly reduced in treated fermenters. The main effect of B/F as well as of starch and soluble fiber when combined with the treatment was to increase propionate production; however, the interaction between B/F treatment and sugar decreased propionate production markedly, resulting in a net decrease. The acetate-to-propionate ratio increased by 6% with B/F, largely as a result of the decrease in propionate. Production of nonammonia nitrogen was 1% less in B/F-treated fermenters, and interactions between treatment and starch, sugar, or soluble fiber were significant. Treated fermenters produced 15.7% more microbial nitrogen, in association with a significant 37% increase in rumen protein digestion. Interactions between treatment and starch, soluble fiber, or sugar influenced these results. The interaction of B/F and sugar resulted in a decrease in undegradable protein N and an increase in microbial nitrogen production. Ammonia nitrogen concentrations were increased by 24.6% in treated fermenters. Efficiency of microbial nitrogen production from DM, OM, or carbohydrate was significantly increased by B/F. Sugar content increased efficiency of microbial protein production/kg of OM digested or carbohydrate digested in the presence of treatment by >10 times the increase that was attributable to the interaction of treatment with starch. Treatment with B/F reduced moles of VFA produced/kg of microbial nitrogen produced by 16%. This effect was also substantially influenced by interactions between B/F and sugar. If the fermenter results are representative of those in vivo, milk production responses to treatment with B/F will depend on amounts of starch, soluble fiber, and, particularly, sugar in diets. Milk production responses will also depend on the quality of protein in the diet and the comparative benefit that increased flux of microbial nitrogen provides. Increased digestibility of OM should allow additional ruminant production benefits.
authors.affiliation: Bovine Research Australasia, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia. ianl@dairydocs.com.au
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lean
authors.forename: T K Miller
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chalupa
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Sniffen
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Rabiee
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004032:Diet; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004063:Digestion; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005285:Fermentation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007774:Lactation; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D010455:Peptides; D009584:Nitrogen