title: [Prevalence and incidence studies of voice disorders among teaching staff of La Rioja, Spain. Clinical study: questionnaire, function vocal examination, acoustic analysis and videolaryngostroboscopy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was calculate the prevalence and incidence of voice disorders among teaching staff of La Rioja, Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a transversal study of voice disorders in teaching staff of La Rioja (a random sample of 931 of 3113 teachers) and a longitudinal study (we collect the new cases during the 3 years which lasts the study).
  
  
  METHODS
  527 teachers of random sample took part of study: 332 female (63%) and 195 male (37%).
  
  
  METHODS
  All of teachers fill in a standard questionnaire, ENT and function vocal examination, videolaryngostroboscopy and acoustic analysis with MDVP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of voice disorders among La Rioja Teachers was 57%: 20.3% for organic lesions [nodular lesions (14%), polyps (2%), submucous suffusions (1.4%), edema Reinke (1.2%) Sulcus (0.4%), scalp (0.6%), leucoplasia (0.2%) vocal cord paralysis (0.2%)] 8.1% for chronic laryngitis [not specific (2.8%), smoke (3.9%) gastroe-sofageal reflux (2.5%)] and 29% for functional lesions [hyperfunctional dysphonia (7.5%) hypofunctional dysphonia (0.4%) vocal overefforts (18%) hyperplasia false cords (2.8)]. The incidence rate was 4 new cases each 1000 teachers and year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Organic lesions were more prevalent in women (25.4%) than in men (9.5%), but functional lesions and chronic laryngitis were more prevalent in men (36.5% and 13.2%) than in women (24% and 5%).
authors.affiliation: Servicio ORL, Hospital San Millán-San Pedro, Logroño, La Rioja. jpreciado@hsm.seris.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Preciado
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Calzada
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Preciado
mesh_terms: D000162:Acoustics; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007828:Laryngoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D013030:Spain; D049489:Stroboscopy; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013663:Teaching; D014741:Video Recording; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000502:physiology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology