title: NNK-induced hamster lung adenocarcinomas over-express beta2-adrenergic and EGFR signaling pathways.
abstract: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the most common type of human lung cancer. A diagnosis of PAC, history of non-smoking and presence of mutations in the EGFR are predictive factors for responsiveness of lung cancer to EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Unfortunately, less than 50% of PAC cases demonstrate this mutation-based responsiveness. Our immunohistochemical analysis of NNK-induced PAC in hamsters demonstrates the simultaneous over-expression of a beta2-adrenergic receptor pathway, including PKA, cAMP, CREB and phosphorylated CREB and of an EGFR pathway, including over-expression of EGFR-specific phosphorylated tyrosine kinase, Raf-1 and ERK1/2 and their phosphorylated forms. These findings implicate, for the first time, PKA/CREB-mediated signaling in the development and regulation of any type of lung cancer. In light of reports that NNK acts as a beta-adrenergic agonist and that beta-blockers inhibit the growth of PAC of Clara cell lineage in the NNK hamster model and in human cancer cell lines from smokers, our current data suggest transactivation of the EGFR pathway via beta-adrenergic signaling as a novel regulatory mechanism in a subpopulation of PACs in smokers. Taken together, these data point to PKA/CREB as novel targets for the development of cancer therapeutics for PAC patients non-responsive to EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. hmsch@utk.edu
authors.forename: Hildegard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Schuller
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cekanova
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D006224:Cricetinae; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D009602:Nitrosamines; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; C016583:4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017868:Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases