title: Does adenosine pharmacologically precondition human myocardium during coronary bypass surgery?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adenosine (Ado) triggers ischemic preconditioning. We investigated whether Ado provides additional myocardial protection in patients during intermittent aortic cross-clamping (IAC) bypass surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  The placebo group was made of 15 male of 66+/-8 years while the Ado group was made of 19 male of 65+/-10 years. The patients of the Ado group had a 3-vessel heart disease and were treated with elective surgery. With the aortic cross-clamping, Ado or vehicle were infused over 10 min at systemic pressure together with sufficient blood via the aortic root. Blood samples before anaesthesia and onset of ECC, 1 hour after end of surgery, and on day 1 and 2 post-surgery to assess CK-MB and troponin I were performed. Hemodynamic measures (heart rate, left ventricular pressure, max/min pressure rise, central venous pressure) before installation and 15 min after completion of the coronary artery bypass. Different ECGs for electrophysiological analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodynamic and laboratory measures revealed no significant advantages of either protocol. Mortality rate was zero in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The comparable outcome is likely due to cardioprotection provided by both IAC bypass surgery and hypothermia, which might obscure beneficial effects of pharmacological preconditioning in patients with good left ventricular function (ejection fraction >50%). As the benefit might have been marginal, it may well become apparent in a larger study on patients with more severe left ventricular dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Korbmacher
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sunderdiek
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gams
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Schipke
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000601:surgery*; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form / Q000097:blood; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D019157:Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019210:Troponin I / Q000097:blood; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019210:Troponin I; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D052279:Creatine Kinase, MB Form; D000241:Adenosine