title: Antitumor activity of rapamycin in a transgenic mouse model of ErbB2-dependent human breast cancer.
abstract: The ErbB2 (Neu) receptor tyrosine kinase is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancers, and this phenotype correlates with a poor clinical prognosis. We examined the effects of the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin, on mammary tumorigenesis in transgenic mice bearing an activated ErbB2 (NeuYD) transgene in the absence or presence of a second transgene encoding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Treatment of NeuYD or NeuYD x VEGF mice with rapamycin dramatically inhibited tumor growth accompanied by a marked decrease in tumor vascularization. Two key events that may underlie the antitumor activity of rapamycin were decreased expression of ErbB3 and inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1-dependent responses to hypoxic stress. Rapamycin exposure caused only a modest inhibition of the proliferation of tumor-derived cell lines in standard monolayer cultures, but dramatically inhibited the growth of the same cells in three-dimensional cultures, due in part to the induction of apoptotic cell death. These studies underscore the therapeutic potential of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in ErbB2-positive breast cancers and indicate that, relative to monolayer cultures, three-dimensional cell cultures are more predictive in vitro models for studies of the antitumor mechanisms of rapamycin and related compounds.
authors.affiliation: Program in Signal Transduction Research, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howes
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lesperance
authors.forename: William B
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Stallcup
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: Kuniko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kadoya
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Robert T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Abraham
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018874:Spheroids, Cellular; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D020893:Receptor, ErbB-3; D020123:Sirolimus; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D014157:Transcription Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; C546842:MTOR protein, human; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse