title: Factor structure of the pain disability index in workers compensation claimants with low back injuries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the factor structure of a telephone-administered Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the effects of race and sex on the PDI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computer-assisted telephone interviews of a cohort with occupational low back injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  General community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Missouri workers compensation claimants (N=1329) with low back injuries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Not applicable.
  
  
  METHODS
  PDI, levels of pain severity, Social Security Disability Insurance status, and the Fear-Avoidance Behavior Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results for the total sample and by race/sex group indicated support for a 2-factor model of the PDI corresponding to voluntary activities (eg, social, occupational, recreational) and obligatory activities (eg, activities of daily living, eating, sleeping). Additional psychometric analyses of the voluntary and obligatory subscales indicated adequate reliability and construct validity overall and in each of the race/sex groups. African Americans reported more pain-related disability on both subscales than whites. Women reported more disability on the voluntary subscale than men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results support use of the PDI as a bidimensional measure of pain-related disability, with strong psychometric properties. They also support its administration by telephone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1221 S. Grand Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA. taitrc@slu.edu
authors.forename: Raymond C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Tait
authors.forename: John T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Chibnall
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*; D044383:Black People; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008923:Missouri; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D044465:White People; D014942:Workers' Compensation; D001741:Black or African American