title: Knee joint kinaesthesia and neuromuscular coordination during three phases of the menstrual cycle in moderately active women.
abstract: An increased incidence of sports related injuries in the premenstrual phase as well as in the menstrual phase of the menstrual cycle has been described. This may be explained by alterations in proprioception and neuromuscular coordination due to hormonal variations. Prospective, within women analysis of knee joint kinesthesia and neuromuscular coordination were performed by repeated measures analysis of variance in three hormonally verified phases of three consecutive menstrual cycles. Thirty-two healthy, moderately active female subjects volunteered to participate in the study. Twenty-five of the subjects performed at least one hormonally verified menstrual cycle. A specially designed device was used to investigate knee joint kinaesthesia and neuromuscular coordination was measured with the square hop test. These tests were carried out in the menstrual phase, ovulation phase and premenstrual phase determined by hormone analyses in three consecutive menstrual cycles. An impaired knee joint kinaesthesia was detected in the premenstrual phase and the performance of square hop test was significantly improved in the ovulation phase compared to the other two phases. The results of this study indicate that the variation of sex hormones in the menstrual cycle has an effect on performance of knee joint kinaesthesia and neuromuscular coordination.
authors.affiliation: Section of Sports Medicine M3 Research center, Division of Surgical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden. cecilia.friden@kirurgi.ki.se
authors.forename: Cecilia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fridén
authors.forename: Angelica Lindén
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Hirschberg
authors.forename: Tönu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saartok
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Renström
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007699:Kinesthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D008183:Luteal Phase / Q000502:physiology; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D008598:Menstruation / Q000502:physiology; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology*; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000097:blood; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone