title: Improved intranasal immunization with live-attenuated measles virus after co-inoculation of the lipopeptide MALP-2.
abstract: The macrophage-activating lipopeptide with a molecular weight of 2kDa (MALP-2) activates antigen presenting cells of human, mouse and rat origin in vitro and in vivo. Here, we demonstrate that MALP-2 induces MIP1alpha and beta, MIP-2, Gro, TNFalpha, IL1alpha and IL6 in cells of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) in vitro. Intranasal inoculation into cotton rats leads to migration of neutrophils and other leucocytes into the lung lumen and lung tissue. After intranasal co-inoculation of MALP-2 with live-attenuated measles vaccine virus, higher titers of neutralizing antibodies are induced but the proliferative T cell response did not increase. Immunization leads to protective immunity in the absence, but not in the presence of passively transferred measles virus (MV) specific antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Functional and Applied Anatomy, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Anke
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lührmann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tschernig
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pabst
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Niewiesk
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D007114:Immunization; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000502:physiology; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008458:Measles Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D016205:Sigmodontinae; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D018925:Chemokines; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008458:Measles Vaccine; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; C069172:2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-2-propyl-1-palmitoylcysteine; C106335:macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide 2; D003545:Cysteine