title: Free oxygen radical-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant in infants receiving total parenteral nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Increased oxygen-derived free radical activity has been reported during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in infants particularly linked to the fat infusion. It is possible that partial enteral feeding can ameliorate some of the complications of TPN. By this study we aimed to investigate free radical formation and antioxidant activity in term and preterm infants during TPN and/or enteral feeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  We had 6 groups of term and preterm infants made up of 10 patients each. Group I had only enteral feeding, Group II enteral plus parenteral feeding, Group III only parenteral feeding. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), vitamin E and vitamin C levels were measured in all infants. Blood samples of infants receiving only TPN and TPN plus enteral feeding were measured on the 1st and 5th days, and 3h after the end of lipid infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference between the term and preterm infants in terms of MDA, SOD, vitamin C and E levels taken baseline and after parenteral, and enteral plus parenteral feeding on the 1st and 5th days. When 3 groups of both term and preterm infants were compared with each other none of the parameters showed a statistically significant difference. In addition, we compared baseline and 1st and 5th days of TPN therapy in both term and preterm infants fed only parenterally and enteral plus parenteral feedings. In term infants fed both parenterally and parenteral plus enterally, the MDA levels before TPN were significantly higher than that of the levels of patients on parenteral nutrition on the 5th day. On the 1st and 5th days of TPN therapy, the levels of vitamin C was significantly decreased, in term and preterm infants fed only parenterally, levels of vitamin E was increased, in term and preterm infants fed both parenterally and parenteral plus enterally. Also, when compared to their base line the SOD levels of the term infants detected on the 1st and 5th days were significantly high.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Free radical production is increased by the administration of TPN and may be linked to its adverse effects. It may be assumed that long-term complications of preterm infants receiving TPN may be reduced by further strengthening the antioxidant capacities of the TPN solutions.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Alev
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hasanoğlu
authors.forename: Nazan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dalgiç
authors.forename: Leyla
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tümer
authors.forename: Yildiz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atalay
authors.forename: Gülden
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cinasal
authors.forename: Gürsel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Biberoğlu
authors.forename: Neslihan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bukan
authors.forename: Cemalettin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aybar
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004750:Enteral Nutrition; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005609:Free Radicals; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D001205:Ascorbic Acid