title: Bacterial infections promote T cell recognition of self-glycolipids.
abstract: Recognition of self is essential for repertoire selection, immune regulation, and autoimmunity and may be a consequence of infection. Self-induced recognition may represent the escape mechanism adopted by pathogens but may also incite autoimmune diseases. Here, we show that bacterial infection may promote activation of T cells reactive to self-glycosphingolipids (self-GSL). CD1+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) infected with bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Mycobacterium bovis-Bacillus Calmette Guerín [BCG]) or treated with the bacterial components lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, or Pam3CysSerLys4 (P3CSK4) lipopeptide acquire the capacity to stimulate self-GSL-specific T cells to cytokine release. Immediately after infection, APCs increase the endogenous GSL synthesis and stimulate GSL-specific T cells in a CD1- and T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent manner. This stimulation may contribute to inflammatory responses during bacterial infections and may predispose individuals to autoimmune diseases.
authors.affiliation: Experimental Immunology, Department of Research, University Hospital, Basel CH-4031, Switzerland. gennaro.delibero@unibas.ch
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Libero
authors.forename: Anthony P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Gober
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rossy
authors.forename: Abdijapar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamshiev
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Chelnokova
authors.forename: Zaima
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mazorra
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vendetti
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sacchi
authors.forename: Martina M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Prendergast
authors.forename: Sebastiano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sansano
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tonevitsky
authors.forename: Regine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landmann
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000276:immunology; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology*; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D006017:Glycolipids / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; D001324:Autoantigens; D006017:Glycolipids