title: Factors influencing the use of registered nurse overtime in hospitals, 1995-2000.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess nurse overtime in acute care general hospitals and the factors that influence overtime among various hospitals and in the same hospitals from year to year.
  
  
  METHODS
  Staffing data from 1995 to 2000 from 193 acute general hospitals in New York State were used to examine hospital characteristics (size, location, RN unionization, hospital ownership, and teaching status) to determine whether they were associated with nurse overtime.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average weekly overtime RNs worked was 4.5% of total hours, varying from almost none to 16.6%. At mean overtime levels, nurses were working less overtime than the mean for manufacturing workers, but, at the extreme, nurses were working more than 6 hours overtime per week. Significant differences were observed in the use of overtime by hospital ownership and by union status. Nurses in government hospitals worked less overtime than did those in nongovernment hospitals. Nurses in unionized hospitals worked slightly more overtime than did nurses in nonunionized hospitals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hospitals varied dramatically in their overtime use. That some categories of hospitals (e.g., government-owned) used little overtime indicates that hospital management can find substitutes for overtime to meet fluctuating staffing needs. The finding that hospitals with similar characteristics varied greatly in their number of overtime hours also supported this conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Hunter College, New York, NY, USA. bberney@hunter.cuny.edu
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Berney
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Needleman
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kovner
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease / Q000451:nursing; D006777:Hospitals, Proprietary; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006780:Hospitals, Rural; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006788:Hospitals, Voluntary; D006801:Humans; D007750:Labor Unions / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009518:New York; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D010067:Ownership / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010561:Personnel Staffing and Scheduling / Q000639:trends*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012456:Salaries and Fringe Benefits / Q000639:trends; D000078329:Workforce; D016526:Workload / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*