title: Is intra-articular pathology associated with MCL edema on MR imaging of the non-traumatic knee?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Edema surrounding the medial collateral ligament (MCL) is seen on MR imaging in patients with MCL injuries and in patients with radiographic osteoarthritis in the non-traumatic knee. Because we noted MCL edema in patients without prior trauma or osteoarthritis, we studied the association between intra-articular pathology and MCL edema in patients without knee trauma.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the MR examinations of 247 consecutive patients (121 male, 126 female with a mean age of 44 years) without recent trauma for the presence of edema surrounding the MCL, meniscal and ACL tears, medial meniscal extrusion, medial compartment chondromalacia, and osteoarthritis. The percentages of patients illustrating MCL edema with and without each type of pathology were compared using Fisher's exact test to determine if there was a statistically significant association.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found MCL edema in 60% of 247 patients. MCL edema was present in 67% of patients with medial meniscal tears, 35% with lateral meniscal tears, 100% with meniscal extrusion of 3 mm or more, 78% with femoral chondromalacia, 82% with tibial chondromalacia, and 50% with osteoarthritis. The percentage of patients with edema increased with the severity of the chondromalacia. These associations were all statistically significant (p <0.02). The mean age of those with MCL edema was 49.7 years compared with 34.9 years without MCL edema ( p <0.001). Patient gender and ACL tear did not correlate with MCL edema. Nine (4%) of the 247 patients had MCL edema without intra-articular pathology. None of these 9 patients had MCL tenderness or joint laxity on physical examination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We confirmed that MCL edema is associated with osteoarthritis, but is also associated with meniscal tears, meniscal extrusion, and chondromalacia. In addition, MCL edema can be seen in patients without intra-articular pathology, recent trauma or MCL abnormality on physical examination.
authors.affiliation: Division of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Clinical Science Center-E3/311, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA. dg.blankenbaker@hosp.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Donna G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Blankenbaker
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: De Smet
authors.forename: Jason P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fine
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002357:Cartilage Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D017885:Collateral Ligaments / Q000473:pathology*; D004487:Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D000070600:Tibial Meniscus Injuries