title: Risk factors associated with denture stomatitis in the United States.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study reports denture stomatitis (DS) prevalence from a large USA probability sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (NHANES III).
  
  
  METHODS
  Oral examinations were performed on 3450 individuals 18-90+ years of age (mean: 59.2; SD: 0.50 years), 57.7% male and 42.3% female. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for DS using sociodemographic, denture quality, blood analytes, alcohol and tobacco use, history of diabetes, and current antibiotic use as covariates. Odds ratios (OR), adjusted for other covariates in each model (AOR) are presented.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 3450 removable denture wearers, 963 (27.9%) had DS. DS prevalence was associated with wearing maxillary (AOR: 6.20) and mandibular (AOR: 5.21) complete dentures continuously; smoking >/=15 cigarettes day (maxillary complete: AOR = 1.31; mandibular complete: AOR = 1.50; maxillary partial: AOR = 2.04); vitamin A deficiency (mandibular complete: AOR = 5.97; maxillary partial: AOR = 5.67; mandibular partial: AOR = 24.42). Maxillary dentures with inadequate relines had approximately half the OR of DS than those with adequate relines (maxillary complete: AOR = 0.42; mandibular complete: AOR = 0.50).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Denture stomatitis prevalence is associated with the amount of tissue covered by dentures, low vitamin A levels, cigarette smoking, and constant denture wear.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Dallas, TX, USA. jshulman@bcd.tamhsc.edu
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Shulman
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rivera-Hidalgo
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Beach
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003823:Denture Rebasing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003781:Denture Retention / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003826:Denture, Complete, Lower / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003827:Denture, Complete, Upper / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003832:Denture, Partial, Removable / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013282:Stomatitis, Denture / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents