title: The importance of Doppler ultrasonography in the management of fetal growth restriction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the importance of Doppler ultrasonography in fetuses in the management of fetal growth restriction (FGR).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-five pregnant women, aged between 23 to 39 years and from 27 to 37 weeks of pregnancy were selected; they all carried a single fetus showing a diminished growth curve in respect to the previous echographic examinations. Women affected with diabetes types I and II, renal pathologies and/or past endocrinopathies were excluded. All the patients with fetal growth restriction underwent accurate flussimetric mapping of some fetal districts such as umbilical artery and ductus venosus. Modalities of birth and the neonatal outcome were also considered.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients selected were divided into 4 groups according to the velocimetrical data. The neonatal outcome was positive when the end diastolic flow was present in the umbilical artery associated with a normal flow in the ductus venosus. In cases where the end diastolic flow was absent in the umbilical artery, the management and neonatal outcome varied in relation to the morphology of the flow in the ductus venosus: the absence or reverse A phase of the mentioned flow is often indicative of acute fetal distress and unfavourable prognosis. Reverse end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery was always associated with the intrauterine death of the fetus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results confirm the validity of Doppler ultrasonography in the management and in the choice of timing for birth in cases of fetal growth restriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology, Second University of Naples, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Naples, Italy. antoniol.@unina2.it
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Borrelli
authors.forename: V S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Zurzolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felicetti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Domenico
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Corcione
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torella
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler