A six-factor model of cognition in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders: relationships with clinical symptoms and functional capacity.
Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine a proposed factor structure of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery used to study patients with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders (n = 209). An a priori six-factor model and five nested models were evaluated successively, using maximum likelihood confirmatory factor analysis. In all multifactor models, the factors were significantly intercorrelated. A six-factor model with two pairs of correlated errors fit the neuropsychological data significantly better than competing models with fewer factors. The six factors included verbal crystallized, attention/working memory, verbal episodic memory, speed of information processing, visual episodic memory, and reasoning/problem solving. Severity of negative symptoms was significantly associated with worse performance on attention/working memory and verbal crystallized factors, but positive symptoms, depression, and a summary measure of psychopathology were not significantly related to neuropsychological performance. Impairment on a performance-based measure of functional capacity was significantly related to all neuropsychological factors. A simultaneous confirmatory factor analysis using the original sample and a group of healthy subjects (n = 131) demonstrated that the six-factor model of cognition was generalizable and applied equally well to both groups.
Gladsjo
Julie Akiko
JA
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego 92161, USA.
McAdams
Lou Ann
LA
Palmer
Barton W
BW
Moore
David J
DJ
Jeste
Dilip V
DV
Heaton
Robert K
RK
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010054:Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
D014150:Antipsychotic Agents