title: Factors predicting recurrence after resection of pancreatic ductal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pancreatic ductal carcinoma frequently recurs postoperatively, and we analyzed clinicopathological features of patients treated by surgical resection to find predictors of postoperative recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was performed that included 69 patients between 1985 and 2003. Clinicopathologic factors were evaluated for tumor recurrences by univariate and multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean survival time and actuarial 5-year disease-specific survival were significantly lower in cases of hepatic metastasis (13 months, 0%) and in cases of peritoneal carcinomatosis (15 months, 6.8%) than in cases of local retroperitoneal recurrence (30 months, 21%). Univariate and logistic regression analyses showed undifferentiated adenocarcinoma to be independently associated with hepatic metastasis (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-37.0) and invasion of the portal vein to be independently associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis (odds ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-12.8). Multivariate analysis showed undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, invasion of the anterior capsule, and invasion of the portal vein to be independent prognostic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Undifferentiated adenocarcinoma and invasion of the portal vein are predictors of poor outcome and are related to hepatic metastasis and peritoneal carcinomatosis, respectively. Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, including intra-arterial chemotherapy, should be selected according to prediction of the patterns of recurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan. shibata@med.oita-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yada
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Seigo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000209:etiology*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate