title: Impact of intraoperative heparin on laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  At many centers systemic heparinization is performed during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy because of concerns regarding graft thrombosis. However, no consensus exists in this regard. We evaluated the impact of intraoperative heparin on donor and recipient outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between September 2000 and February 2003, 79 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic live donor left nephrectomy at our institution. They were sequentially divided into 2 groups, that is group 1-the initial 40 patients who intraoperatively received 5,000 IU heparin intravenously and group 2-subsequent patients who did not receive heparin. The 2 groups were well matched demographically. Data were compared using the paired 2-tailed t test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 donor groups were comparable in regard to mean blood loss (139 vs 179 cc, p = 0.59), intraoperative urine output (1.6 vs 1.6 l, p = 0.74), warm ischemia time (4 vs 4.2 minutes, p = 0.52), operative time (3.5 vs 3.5 hours, p = 0.97), and cold ischemia time (75 vs 82 minutes, p = 0.38). Complications occurred in 1 patient in group 1 (rhabdomyolysis induced acute renal failure) and in 2 in group 2 (chylous ascites and lumbar vein injury, respectively). No graft was lost due to vascular thrombosis in either group. Recipient immediate, early and delayed (6-month) graft function was comparable between the 2 groups. Acute rejection occurred in 5 recipients in group 1 and 1 in group 2. There was 1 recipient death per group at delayed followup.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Routine use of heparin during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is not necessary. Because of its potential for causing intraoperative or early postoperative hemorrhage, we no longer routinely administer intraoperative heparin during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy at our institution.
authors.affiliation: Section of Laparoscopic and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
authors.forename: Anup P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ramani
authors.forename: Inderbir S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: Sidney C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: Mete
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kilciler
authors.forename: Jihad
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaouk
authors.forename: Mihir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Desai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007430:Intraoperative Care; D010535:Laparoscopy; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin