title: Eotaxin-3 and interleukin-5 pleural fluid levels are associated with pleural fluid eosinophilia in post-coronary artery bypass grafting pleural effusions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The primary aim of this study was to examine the association between pleural fluid (PF) eosinophilia, and the PF and serum levels of interleukin (IL)-5, eotaxin-2, eotaxin-3, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in patients with post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) pleural effusions.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight patients with post-CABG pleural effusions were recruited into the study. An effusion that contained at least 10% eosinophils was called "eosinophilic." The PF and serum levels of the cytokines and VCAM-1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The number of PF eosinophils significantly correlated with the number of blood eosinophils. (2) PF IL-5 levels were significantly higher than the corresponding serum levels, and there was a significant correlation between the PF and serum IL-5 levels. PF IL-5 levels significantly correlated with the PF eosinophil count, and serum IL-5 levels significantly correlated with the number of blood eosinophils. (3) PF eotaxin-3 levels were significantly higher than serum levels, and PF eotaxin-3 levels significantly correlated with the PF eosinophil count. (4) PF VCAM-1 levels were significantly lower than the corresponding serum levels, and PF VCAM-1 levels were significantly higher in eosinophilic pleural effusions (EPEs) than in non-EPEs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with post-CABG pleural effusions, IL-5 and eotaxin-3 are produced preferentially in the pleural cavity, and they are strongly associated with PF eosinophilia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Athens Medical School, Evangelismos Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilandou Str, 10675 Athens, Greece. jkalomenidis@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kalomenidis
authors.forename: Georgios T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Stathopoulos
authors.forename: Randal
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barnette
authors.forename: Yubiao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: R Stokes
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Peebles
authors.forename: Timothy S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Blackwell
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Light
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000032:analysis*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006085:Graft Survival; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C120429:CCL26 protein, human; D000075906:Chemokine CCL26; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D015848:Interleukin-5