title: In vivo enzymatic digestion, in vitro xylanase digestion, metabolic analogues, surfactants and polyethylene glycol ameliorate laccase production from Ganoderma sp. kk-02.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effect of in vivo enzymatic digestion (IVED), in vitro xylanase digestion (IVXD), metabolic analogues, surfactants and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on laccase production from Ganoderma sp. kk-02 was studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An acidic laccase producing Ganoderma sp. kk-02 produced 16.0 U ml(-1) and 365.0 U g(-1) of laccase, when grown under submerged (SmF) and solid state (SSF) fermentation conditions, respectively. Modification of the substrate (wheat bran) molecular architecture by IVED and IVXD increased subsequent laccase production from Ganoderma sp. kk-02 by 1.31-fold (21.0 U ml(-1)) (SmF); 2.21-fold (810.0 U g(-1)) (SSF) and 1.10-fold (18.0 U ml(-1)) (SmF); 1.78-fold (650.0 U g(-1)) (SSF) when compared with untreated wheat bran. Further enhancement in laccase yield under SmF and SSF was obtained when IVED treated wheat bran was used in conjunction with amino acids [DL-tryptophan, 2.66-fold (56.0 U ml(-1)) SmF; 2.86-fold (2324.0 U g(-1)) SSF], vitamins [biotin, 1.71-fold (36.0 U ml(-1)) SmF; 3.06-fold (2483.0 U g(-1)) SSF], surfactants [Tween-40, 1.85-fold (39.0 U ml(-1)) SmF; 2.25-fold (1828.0 U g(-1)) SSF], and PEG [PEG 6000, 1.93-fold (40.0 U ml(-1)) SmF; 1.58-fold (1284.0 U g(-1)) SSF].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IVED of substrate (wheat bran) facilitated hyper laccase production in presence of additives from Ganoderma sp. kk-02.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study highlights a new methodology viz. IVED for concomitant and economic production of diverse enzymes using the same substrate. The hyper laccase levels obtained could improve the economic competitiveness of environmentally benign processes applied in varied industries. The work also provides an insight into the regulation of complex metabolic pathways governing the expression of extra cellular proteins from white-rot fungi.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India.
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kapoor
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Kuhad
mesh_terms: D001407:Bacillus / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005285:Fermentation; D032902:Ganoderma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D042845:Laccase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014815:Vitamins
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D014815:Vitamins; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D042845:Laccase; D043364:Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases