title: Should treatment of (sub)acute low back pain be aimed at psychosocial prognostic factors? Cluster randomised clinical trial in general practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of a minimal intervention strategy aimed at assessment and modification of psychosocial prognostic factors and usual care for treatment of (sub)acute low back pain in general practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cluster randomised clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  60 general practitioners in 41 general practices.
  
  
  METHODS
  314 patients with non-specific low back pain of less than 12 weeks' duration, recruited by their general practitioner.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the minimal intervention strategy group the general practitioner explored the presence of psychosocial prognostic factors, discussed these factors, set specific goals for reactivation, and provided an educational booklet. The consultation took about 20 minutes. Usual care was not standardised.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional disability (Roland-Morris disability questionnaire), perceived recovery, and sick leave because of low back pain assessed at baseline and after 6, 13, 26, and 52 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The dropout rate was 8% in the minimal intervention strategy group and 9% in the usual care group. Multilevel analyses showed no significant differences between the groups on any outcome measure during 12 months of follow-up in the whole group or in relevant subgroups (patients with high scores on psychosocial measures at baseline or a history of frequent or prolonged low back pain).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides no evidence that (Dutch) general practitioners should adopt our new treatment strategy aimed at psychosocial prognostic factors in patients with (sub)acute low back pain. Further research should examine why our new strategy was not more effective than usual care.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Practice, Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jellema
authors.forename: Daniëlle A W M
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: van der Windt
authors.forename: Henriëtte E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: van der Horst
authors.forename: Jos W R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Wim A B
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Stalman
authors.forename: Lex M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bouter
mesh_terms: D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005194:Family Practice / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D020393:Manipulation, Spinal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011379:Prognosis; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome