title: Function of the lower urinary tract in mice lacking alpha1d-adrenoceptor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  alpha1-Adrenoceptor (AR) blockers are known to relieve not only voiding symptoms, but also storage symptoms in elderly men. We investigated lower urinary tract function in mice lacking alpha1d-AR using frequency/volume analysis and filling cystometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 10, 12-week-old female alpha1d-knockout (KO) mice and 10 age matched female wild-type (WT) mice were studied. Each mouse was placed in a metabolic cage connected to a digital scale and personal computer. Under a 12/12-hour dark/light photocycle voiding frequency and volume were recorded for 48 hours. After frequency/volume analysis filling cystometry was performed with the mice awake and without restraint. The expression of alpha1-AR subtype mRNA in the bladder of mice in each group was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean daily voiding frequency +/- SD in alpha1d-KO mice was 9.0 +/- 2.1, significantly lower than 15.9 +/- 5.2 in WT mice (p = 0.0048). Mean volume per void in alpha1d-KO mice was significantly larger than in WT mice (0.24 +/- 0.02 vs 0.16 +/- 0.03 ml, p = 0.0096). Similarly cystometric analysis demonstrated larger bladder capacity (140%, p = 0.0008) and voided volume (146%, p = 0.0048) in alpha1d-KO mice compared with those in WT mice. No significant difference in maximum pressure at void was observed between the 2 groups. In WT mice the amount of alpha1a, alpha1b and alpha1d-AR subtype mRNA in the bladder was 5.2 +/- 0.7, 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 6.3 +/- 0.7 gene copies per ng total RNA, respectively. In contrast, alpha1d-AR transcript was not detectable in alpha1d-KO mice but alpha1a and alpha1b-AR expression was similar to that in WT mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate that the alpha1d-AR subtype has an important role in regulating bladder function. They theoretically support a clinical finding that alpha1-blockers with significant affinity for alpha1d-AR are effective for treating storage symptoms associated with benign prostatic obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Qin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Shan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Chihiro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Huai-Ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogushi
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Nobutaka
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Akito
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanoue
authors.forename: Gozoh
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: Tadaichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination; D014563:Urodynamics
chemical_list: C547720:Adra1d protein, mouse; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018340:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1