title: Comparing the global mRNA expression profile of human atrial and ventricular myocardium with high-density oligonucleotide arrays.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The knowledge of chamber-specific gene expression in human atrial and ventricular myocardium is essential for the understanding of myocardial function and the basis for the identification of putative therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure. In this study the gene expression pattern of human left atrial and ventricular myocardium was analyzed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Global mRNA expression patterns with high-density oligonucleotide arrays between left atrial and left ventricular myocardium of 6 patients with heart failure undergoing heart transplantation were compared. Clustering of microarray data confirmed chamber-specific gene expression profiles. Genes similarly expressed in all patients were further analyzed, and data were confirmed by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 22,215 genes examined, 7115 transcripts were found to be expressed in all 12 human myocardial samples. One hundred twenty-five genes were differentially expressed between left atrial and left ventricular specimens in all patients examined. Novel genes preferentially expressed in human atria were identified. Interestingly, several potassium channels of subfamily K are more highly expressed in atria than in ventricles. Members of the potassium inwardly rectifying channel of subfamily J were found to be more highly expressed in human ventricular myocardium. Finally, chronic atrial fibrillation was associated with reduced atrial expression of the potassium channel TWIK-1, suggesting potential contribution of the corresponding current to electrical remodeling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human atria and ventricles show specific gene expression profiles. Our data provide the basis of a comprehensive understanding of chamber-specific gene expression in diseased human hearts and will support the identification of therapeutic targets in the treatment of arrhythmia and heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ellinghaus
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Scheubel
authors.forename: Dobromir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobrev
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ravens
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holtz
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huetter
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Nielsch
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Morawietz
mesh_terms: D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000737:chemistry; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger