title: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for choroidal granuloma in sarcoidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical course of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide on choroidal granuloma secondary to sarcoidosis that was refractory to systemic prednisolone
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 29-year-old Chinese man with sarcoidosis presented with isolated posterior segment involvement in his left eye as retinal periphlebitis, retinal granulomas, and choroidal granuloma. Retinal periphlebitis and retinal granulomas responded well to oral corticosteroid but not the choroidal granuloma. It gradually grew in size and caused a drop in left-eye vision to 20/70. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg) was injected three times in total.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The choroidal mass began to shrink in size after the second injection and completely regressed after the third. The choroidal granuloma became a scar, with no angiographic leakage. The patient's visual acuity improved and remained stable at 20/40 at the last follow-up, 6 months after the last injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the encouraging results, further study on intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for macular and peripapillary choroidal granulomas secondary to systemic sarcoidosis is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 3/F Hong Kong Eye Hospital, 147K Argyle Street, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China. cwm6373@netvigator.com
authors.forename: Wai-Man
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Etrian
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: David T L
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ricky W K
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Law
authors.forename: Dennis S C
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006099:Granuloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D031300:Retinal Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide