title: A new and a reclassified ICF patient without mutations in DNMT3B and its interacting proteins SUMO-1 and UBC9.
abstract: The ICF syndrome (immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, facial anomalies) (OMIM#242860) is a rare autosomal, recessively inherited disorder. Another rare condition, ischiadic hypoplasia, renal dysgenesis, immunodeficiency, and polydactyly (IHRDIP, OMIM#243340), displays features that resemble those of the ICF syndrome. Due to the overlapping symptoms in both syndromes, we asked whether a shared underlying molecular defect exists. Two patients, each with the clinical characteristics of one of these syndromes, were subjected to conventional cytogenetic analysis and the determination of the methylation state of satellite II DNA. We found that both displayed the two hallmark features of the ICF syndrome, namely hypomethylation and centromeric instability of chromosomes 1 and 16. Therefore, we reclassified the patient previously diagnosed with the IHRDIP syndrome as an ICF patient. Since the majority of ICF patients are carriers of mutations in the methytransferase gene DNMT3B, we determined the sequence of its coding, splice site, and putative promoter region and analyzed its transcripts in both patients, without detecting any alterations. Similarly, the coding region of two DNMT3B-interacting proteins, SUMO-1 and UBC9, did not reveal mutations. With this study, the published number of patients that lack mutations in DNMT3B coding region increases to almost 40% of all ICF patients reported. It is, therefore, implied that a significant subset of ICF patients will have a yet unknown, alternative alteration, which may include the involvement of DNMT3B-interacting factors or aberrations of an independent pathway.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Molecular Genetics and Gene Diagnostics, Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Switzerland. kloeckener@medgen.unizh.ch
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kloeckener-Gruissem
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Betts
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zankl
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Tayfun
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Güngör
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D002503:Centromere / Q000235:genetics; D002675:Child, Preschool; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000235:genetics; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000235:genetics; D003241:Consanguinity; D019465:Craniofacial Abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D020732:Cytogenetic Analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000473:pathology*; D007512:Ischium / Q000002:abnormalities; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree; D017689:Polydactyly / Q000473:pathology; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein / Q000235:genetics; D013577:Syndrome; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes / Q000235:genetics; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D004248:DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; D025842:SUMO-1 Protein; D044763:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes; D000097584:DNA Methyltransferase 3B; D000098843:Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBC9