title: Regional reductions in serotonin 1A receptor binding in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is classified as primarily generalized epilepsy and as such is assumed to lack an anatomic substrate. Although neurochemical abnormalities are probable, few studies have investigated whether they exist in JME. Animal data and the high incidence of myoclonic seizures in serotonin-intoxicated patients suggest that the serotonin system may be disturbed in JME.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that JME is associated with a disturbed serotonin system and that this disturbance could be reflected in altered serotonin 1A receptor binding.
  
  
  METHODS
  The serotonin 1A receptor binding potential (BP) was measured with positron emission tomography and serotonin 1A receptor antagonist carbonyl-carbon 11-WAY-100635. The BP was calculated using a reference tissue model in several limbic and neocortical regions and the raphe nuclei.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epilepsy clinics of the Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with JME and 11 controls were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serotonin 1A receptor BP calculated in a set of volumes of interest.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients with JME showed a reduced BP in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, raphe nuclei, and hippocampus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observed reductions in serotonin 1A receptor BP suggest that the serotonin system is affected in JME. Although the data give no definitive information about underlying mechanisms, they provide a strong argument for the view that not all brain regions are homogeneously involved in this condition, further questioning the current classification of primarily generalized epilepsy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, NEUROTEC, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meschaks
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindstrom
authors.forename: Christer
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Halldin
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Farde
authors.forename: Ivanka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Savic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism*; D010879:Piperazines / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000502:physiology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000378:metabolism; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; D044282:Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; C090413:N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide