title: Fate of biomedical research protocols and publication bias in France: retrospective cohort study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the fate of protocols approved by the French research ethics committees, a national system created by the French 1988 Huriet-Sérusclat Act; to assess publication bias at a national level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Representative sample of 25/48 French research ethics committees in 1994. PROTOCOLS: 649 research protocols approved by committees, with follow-up information.
  
  
  METHODS
  Protocols' initial characteristics (design, study size, investigator) abstracted from committees' archives; follow-up information (rates of initiation, completion, and publication) obtained from mailed questionnaire to principal investigators.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Completed questionnaires were available for 649/976 (69%) protocols. Of these, 581 (90%) studies were initiated, 501/581 (86%) were completed, and 190/501 (38%) were published. Studies with confirmatory results were more likely to be published as scientific papers than were studies with inconclusive results (adjusted odds ratio 4.59, 95% confidence interval 2.21 to 9.54). Moreover, studies with confirmatory results were published more quickly than studies with inconclusive results (hazard ratio 2.48, 1.36 to 4.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At a national level, too many research studies are not completed, and among those completed too many are not published. We suggest capitalising on research ethics committees to register and follow all authorised research on human participants on a systematic and prospective basis.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Research Unit, DIM des Hospices Civils de Lyon, 162 avenue Lacassagne, 69424 Lyon cedex 03, France.
authors.forename: Evelyne
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Decullier
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lhéritier
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chapuis
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005602:France; D017594:Publication Bias; D012189:Retrospective Studies