title: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Eastern Turkey: clinical features, risk factors and efficacy of ribavirin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study described the clinical features, factors affecting the outcome of this disease, risk factors, and efficacy of ribavirin therapy for CCHF patients in Eastern Turkey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 2002 and 2004, 60 cases admitted to our hospital were included in this study. The diagnosis was confirmed through detection of IgM by ELISA and/or genomic segment of virus by RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, farming (OR, 11.4), living in a rural area (OR, 10.05) and being bitten by tick (OR, 6.75) were determined as risk factors for CCHF. The rates of fever during hospitalization, confusion, neck stiffness, bleeding from multiple sites, and presence of petechia/ecchymosis were higher in the patients who died than in surviving ones. Additionally, the mean values of ALT, AST, LHD, CK, PTT, INR and urea were also higher, and the mean PLT count was lower in the patients who died. Mean recovery time was shorter in the cases treated with ribavirin than those of control. But, the need for blood and blood product, mean hospitalization duration, fatality rates, and hospital expenditure values were not significantly different between the group of patients treated with ribavirin and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Eastern Turkey, clinical features, factors influencing outcome of the disease, and risk factors were similar to other outbreaks of CCHF. Further studies are needed for the evaluation of ribavirin therapy in CCHF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey. zozkurt@atauni.edu.tr
authors.forename: Zulal
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ozkurt
authors.forename: Ilhami
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kiki
authors.forename: Serpil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erol
authors.forename: Fuat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Erdem
authors.forename: Neziha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Parlak
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gundogdu
authors.forename: Mehmet A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Tasyaran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D006479:Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012621:Seasons; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012254:Ribavirin