title: Increase of bone marrow-derived secretory lineage epithelial cells during regeneration in the human intestine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously reported that bone marrow (BM)-derived cells contribute to the regeneration of the human intestinal epithelium. To analyze further how these cells arise, proliferate, and differentiate as epithelial cells, histologic analysis was conducted using endoscopic specimens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty biopsy specimens from 14 female, sex-mismatched BM-transplantation recipients were examined. BM-derived cells were identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the Y chromosome and immunohistochemistry. Multicolor FISH was used to exclude cell fusion. These cells were further analyzed for various differentiation or proliferation markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No evidence of cell fusion was detected. BM-derived cells did not distribute within the crypt as stem cells and rarely expressed Musashi-1. However, BM-derived epithelial cells frequently expressed Ki-67, and some of these cells appeared as pairs of adjacent cells. These cells also expressed markers of all 4 lineages of terminally differentiated cells. During regeneration following graft-vs-host disease, the number of BM-derived cells was substantially increased within Ki-67-positive cells. Interestingly, the number of cells expressing markers for secretory lineage cells was significantly increased within BM-derived cells. This change was unique for BM-derived cells, resulting in a significantly increased proportion of BM-derived cells among secretory lineage cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BM-derived epithelial cells arise via a mechanism other than cell fusion and rarely give rise to stem cells. However, a small proportion of these cells express proliferation markers, and a majority reside as terminally differentiated cells. During regeneration BM-derived cells increase as secretory lineage cells, thereby contributing to restore epithelial functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mukai
authors.forename: Motomi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Kiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okano
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hibi
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002459:Cell Fusion; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D041322:Chromosomes, Human, Y; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D012038:Regeneration; D013234:Stem Cells