title: [Survey on the contamination of microcystin-LR in water supply of Shanghai city].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the pollution level of microcystin-LR in water supply of Shanghai city and the removal efficacy for microcystin-LR through routine water treatment technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  High performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) was applied to determine the concentration of microcystin-LR in source water, water samples after various water treatment procedures and tap water.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of microcystin-LR varied with sampling seasons and sites and reached peak during summer and fall. The maximum of microcystin-LR was 2.38 microg/L in source water. Coagulation plus chlorine disinfection were found to be effective for the removal of microcystin-LR, while the remove rate through filtration was not significant. And it could also be detected in tap water as high as 1.27 microg/L.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The source waters of Shanghai city were polluted by cyanobacteria toxins represented by microcystin-LR. The source water in suburb was more polluted. Routine water treatment techniques can not remove the toxins effectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
authors.forename: He-yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Li-xing
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C057862:cyanoginosin LR