title: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype mediated bidirectional control of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.
abstract: N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) stimulation activates many downstream mechanisms involved in both cell survival and cell death. The manner in which the NMDAR regulates one of these pathways, the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) pathway, is currently unknown. In the present study, we have defined a developmental-, concentration-, and time-dependent phosphorylation and subsequent dephosphorylation of p38. In cultured hippocampal neurons 7-8 days in vitro (DIV7-8), NMDAR stimulation leads to a concentration-dependent increase in p38 phosphorylation (phospho-p38). However, in more mature neurons (>DIV17) application of NMDA produces concentration-dependent effects, such that low concentrations result in sustained increases in phospho-p38 levels, and high concentrations dephosphorylate p38 within 5 min. Conantokin G, an antagonist of NR1/2A/2B and NR1/2B receptors, inhibits p38 phosphorylation, while NR1/2B-specific antagonists prevent the rapid dephosphorylation of p38 without affecting p38 activation. Furthermore, inhibition of calcineurin prevents the activation of p38, whereas inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) prevents the rapid dephosphorylation of p38. Our results support the presence of subtype-dependent pathways regulating p38 activation and deactivation: one involves NR1/2A/2B receptors activating calcineurin and resulting in p38 phosphorylation, and the other utilizes NR1/2B receptors binding to and activating PI3K and leading to the dephosphorylation of p38 in a manner involving both NR1/2A/2B receptor activation and tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B. The ability of NMDAR subtype-specific mechanisms to regulate p38 has implications for NMDAR-mediated synaptic plasticity, gene regulation, and excitotoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Elisa A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Waxman
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Lynch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020916:Conotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008954:Models, Biological; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020916:Conotoxins; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; C473649:NR1A NMDA receptor, rat; C120997:NR2A NMDA receptor; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D014443:Tyrosine; C055407:conotoxin GV; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019703:Calcineurin