title: A prospective study of lipoprotein(a) and risk of coronary heart disease among women with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association between lipoprotein (Lp)(a) and CHD among women with type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 32,826 women from the Nurses' Health Study who provided blood at baseline, we followed 921 who had a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 10 years of follow-up (6,835 person-years), we documented 122 incident cases of CHD. After adjustment for age, smoking, BMI, glycosylated HbA(1)c, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and other cardiovascular risk factors, the relative risk (RR) comparing extreme quintiles of Lp(a) was 1.95 (95% CI 1.07-3.56). The association was not appreciably altered after further adjustment for apolipoprotein B(100) or several inflammatory biomarkers. Increasing levels of Lp(a) were associated with lower levels of TGs. The probability of developing CHD over 10 years was higher among diabetic women with substantially higher levels of both Lp(a) (>1.07 micromol/l) and TGs (>2.26 mmol/l) than among diabetic women with lower levels (22 vs 10%, p log-rank test=0.049). Diabetic women with a higher level of only Lp(a) or TGs had a similar (14%) risk. In a multivariate model, diabetic women with higher levels of Lp(a) and TGs had an RR of 2.46 (95% CI 1.21-5.01) for developing CHD, as compared with those with lower levels of both biomarkers (p for interaction=0.413). The RRs for women with a higher level of either Lp(a) (RR=1.22, 95% CI 0.77-1.92) or TGs (RR=1.39, 95% CI 0.78-2.42) were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased levels of Lp(a) were independently associated with risk of CHD among diabetic women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. irish@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shai
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Manson
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rifai
authors.forename: F B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers; D015992:Body Mass Index; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D023381:Endpoint Determination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D017270:Lipoprotein(a) / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013534:Survival; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017270:Lipoprotein(a); D014280:Triglycerides