title: The Early Systemic Prophylaxis of Infection After Stroke study: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early infection after stroke is frequent but the clinical value of antibiotic prophylaxis in acute stroke has never been explored.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The Early Systemic Prophylaxis of Infection After Stroke (ESPIAS) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients older than 18 years with nonseptic ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke enrolled within 24 hours from clinical onset. Interventions included intravenous levofloxacin (500 mg/100 mL/d, for 3 days) or placebo (0.9% physiological serum) in addition to optimal care. A sample size of 240 patients was calculated to identify a 15% absolute risk reduction of the primary outcome measure, which was the incidence of infection at day 7 after stroke. Secondary outcome measures were neurological outcome and mortality at day 90.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Based on a preplanned futility analysis, the study was interrupted prematurely when 136 patients had been included. Levofloxacin and placebo patients had a cumulative rate of infection of 6% and 6% (P=0.96) at day 1; 10% and 12% (P=0.83) at day 2; 12% and 15% (P=0.66) at day 3; 16% and 19% (P=0.82) at day 7; and 30% and 33% (P=0.70), at day 90. Using logistic regression, favorable outcome at day 90 was inversely associated with baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.89; P=0.002) and allocation to levofloxacin (OR, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.87; P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prophylactic administration of levofloxacin (500 mg/100 mL/day for 3 days) is not better than optimal care for the prevention of infections in patients with acute stroke.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Hospital Clínic, and Institut d' Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain. achamorro@ub.edu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chamorro
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Horcajada
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Obach
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Revilla
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cervera
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Planas
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mensa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001831:Body Temperature; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000628:therapy; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007239:Infections / Q000473:pathology*; D007511:Ischemia; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D064704:Levofloxacin; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010919:Placebos; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D010919:Placebos; D064704:Levofloxacin; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015242:Ofloxacin