title: Effect of lower urinary tract symptoms on the incidence of erectile dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the effect of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  The target population consisted of all men 50, 60 or 70 years old residing in Tampere area, Finland in 1994. Questionnaires were mailed to 3,143 men in 1994 and to 2,864 men 5 years later. The followup sample consisted of the 1,683 men who responded to baseline and followup questionnaires. We estimated the effect of LUTS and bother on the incidence of ED during the 5-year followup among the 1,126 men free from ED at baseline. ED was assessed by 2 questions on subject ability to achieve and maintain erection sufficient for intercourse and LUTS assessed by the Danish Prostatic Symptom Score. Logistic regression model was used in the multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of ED increased with the presence and with the intensity of urinary symptoms and bother at baseline. Compared with men with LUTS score 0, the incidence of ED was 2.7 (95% CI 1.3-5.5) times higher among men with score 7 to 11, and 3.1 times with score 12 or more. The incidence of ED increased by 5% for each 1-point increment in LUTS score, while it increased by 12% and 11% for 1-point increment in cumulative symptom or bother score, respectively. Men with cumulative symptoms or bother score 4 or more were significantly 2.0 to 2.7 times at higher incidence of ED relative to those who were free from symptoms or bother at baseline. Only overflow incontinence (OR = 2.2) and incomplete emptying (OR = 1.8) independently increased the incidence of ED.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lower urinary tract symptoms and bother independently increase the incidence of erectile dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Tampere School of Public Health, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland. r_shiri@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shiri
authors.forename: Jukka T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hakama
authors.forename: Heini
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huhtala
authors.forename: Anssi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Auvinen
authors.forename: Teuvo L J
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Tammela
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koskimäki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000150:complications*