title: Favourable long term prognosis in stable angina pectoris: an extended follow up of the angina prognosis study in Stockholm (APSIS).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long term prognosis of patients with stable angina pectoris.
  
  
  METHODS
  Registry based follow up (median 9.1 years) of patients participating in the APSIS (angina prognosis study in Stockholm), which was a double blind, single centre trial of antianginal drug treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  809 patients (31% women) with stable angina pectoris < 70 (mean (SD) 59 (7) years at inclusion) and an age and sex matched reference population from the same catchment area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double blind treatment with metoprolol or verapamil during 3.4 years (median), followed by referral for usual care with open treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular (CV) death and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) in the APSIS cohort and total mortality in comparison with reference subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  123 patients died (41 MI, 36 other CV causes) and 72 had non-fatal MI. Mortality (19% v 6%, p < 0.001) and fatal MI (6.6% v 1.6%, p < 0.001) were increased among male compared with female patients. Diabetes, previous MI, hypertension, and male sex independently predicted CV mortality (p < 0.001). Diabetes greatly increased the risk in a small subgroup of female patients. Male patients had higher mortality than men in the reference population during the first three years (cumulative absolute difference 3.8%) but apparently not thereafter. Female patients had similar mortality to women in the reference population throughout the 9.1 years of observation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Female patients with stable angina had similar mortality to matched female reference subjects but male patients had an increased risk. Diabetes, previous MI, hypertension, and male sex were strong risk factors for CV death or MI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden. Paul.Hjemdahl@medks.ki.se
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hjemdahl
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Forslund
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Näsman
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rehnqvist
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016757:Death, Sudden, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000401:mortality; D015981:Epidemiologic Factors; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000209:etiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D014700:Verapamil; D008790:Metoprolol