title: Apigenin inhibits expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiogenesis in human lung cancer cells: implication of chemoprevention of lung cancer.
abstract: Apigenin is a natural dietary flavonoid. It has recently been shown to have anticancer effects on prostate and ovarian cancer cells. However, the molecular basis of the effect of apigenin on cancer cells remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that apigenin inhibited A549 lung cancer cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) transcriptional activation in a dose-dependent manner. In an attempt to understand the mechanism of apigenin-inhibited VEGF expression, we found that apigenin inhibited VEGF transcriptional activation through the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) binding site and specifically decreased HIF-1alpha but not HIF-1beta subunit expression in the cells. In our efforts to understand the signaling pathway that mediates VEGF transcriptional activation, we found that apigenin inhibited AKT and p70S6K1 activation. When testing the effect of apigenin in vivo, we found that apigenin significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice. Apigenin inhibited HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression in the tumor tissues, suggesting an inhibitory effect of apigenin on angiogenesis. To confirm this, we showed that apigenin inhibited angiogenesis in nude mice using the Matrigel assay. HIF-1alpha and VEGF are well known inducers of angiogenesis. Our data suggested that apigenin may inhibit human lung cancer angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression, thus providing a novel explanation for the anticancer action of apigenin.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
authors.forename: Ling-Zhi
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Qiong
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Xiaowen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Xianglin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Bing-Hua
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Jiang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D047310:Apigenin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001665:Binding Sites; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C497443:Hif1a protein, mouse; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D047310:Apigenin; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases