title: Clinical use of enoxaparin in the management of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromes.
abstract: Enoxaparin (Lovenox; Roule-Poulenc Rorer, Inc.), a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), is commonly used in the management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS) based on clinical trial outcomes. It is one of a group of glycosaminoglycan compounds that accelerate the inactivation of factor Xa by inducing a conformational change in antithrombin. In contrast to unfractionated heparin (UFH), LMWH have greater bioavailability, a more predictable anticoagulant response, longer half-life and a higher proportion of anti-factor Xa to anti-factor IIa activity. As a consequence, laboratory monitoring of the anticoagulant effect is typically unnecessary. Antithrombin therapy with LMWH or UFH has the highest-level recommendation (IA) in the 2002 professional guidelines for the management of unstable angina and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, where enoxaparin has a IIA recommendation over UFH unless early coronary artery bypass surgery is planned. In a recent systematic overview of > 20,000 patients with NSTE ACS from six clinical trials, including conservative and invasively managed patients, enoxaparin provided a statistically significant reduction in 30-day death or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) compared with UFH with no significant excess in transfusions, or major bleeding. These data support the role of enoxaparin as an anti-coagulant in patients with NSTE ACS.
authors.affiliation: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, 2400 Pratt Street, Durham, NC 27715, USA.
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Galla
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Mahaffey
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017984:Enoxaparin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006493:Heparin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D017984:Enoxaparin; D006493:Heparin