title: Effect of an isotonic rehydration sports drink and exercise on urolithiasis in rats.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of physical exercise as well as the influence of hydration with an isotonic sports drink on renal function in male Wistar rats. Four groups were studied over a period of 42 days: 1) control (N = 9); 2) physical exercise (Exe, N = 7); 3) isotonic drink (Drink, N = 8); 4) physical exercise + isotonic drink (Exe + Drink, N = 8). Physical exercise consisted of running on a motor-driven treadmill for 1 h/day, at 20 m/min, 5 days a week. The isotonic sports drink was a commercial solution used by athletes for rehydration after physical activity, 2 ml administered by gavage twice a day. Urine cultures were performed in all animals. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected in metabolic cages at the beginning and at the end of the protocol period. Urinary and plasma parameters (sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, calcium) did not differ among groups. However, an amorphous material was observed in the bladders of animals in the Exe + Drink and Drink groups. Characterization of the material by Western blot revealed the presence of Tamm-Horsfall protein and angiotensin converting enzyme. Physical exercise and the isotonic drink did not change the plasma or urinary parameters measured. However, the isotonic drink induced the formation of intravesical matrix, suggesting a potential lithogenic risk.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Fisiologia Cardiovascular e Respiratória, Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Abreu
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Bergamaschi
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: di Marco
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Razvickas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001628:Beverages / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015153:Blotting, Western; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000502:physiology*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000652:urine; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015532:Rehydration Solutions / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D058949:Uromodulin
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D009088:Mucoproteins; D015532:Rehydration Solutions; D058949:Uromodulin