title: Transcatheter arterial embolization for hemorrhage caused by injury of the hepatic artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of the study were to compare (i) the effects of transcatheter arterial embolization on initial hemostasis and the control of rebleeding in the treatment of hemorrhage due to hepatic artery injury; and (ii) the outcomes of embolization by different locations.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 32 patients with suspected hepatic artery injury who were transferred to Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center for hepatic angiography and embolization. The causes of arterial injury included liver trauma (n = 15) and iatrogenic injury (n = 17). The sites of embolization were classified into four groups: group 1 (n = 8) was classified as 'combined outlet, target and inlet control' with embolization of the vascular lesion (target) and hepatic artery distal (outlet) and proximal (inlet) to the vascular lesion simultaneously; group 2 (n = 11) as 'combined target and inlet control'; group 3 (n = 8) as 'combined outlet and inlet control'; group 4 (n = 5) as 'inlet control' only.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful initial hemostasis was achieved in 30 of the 32 patients (93.8%), with two failures, both of which were caused by liver injury and occurred in subjects in group 4. Rebleeding was seen in three patients who had successful initial hemostasis: two of them in group 4 (66.7%) and one in group 1 (12.5%). All rebleedings were successfully managed by repeat embolization. Abscess formation was found in two group 1 patients, and both were successfully managed by percutaneous drainage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective method for hemostasis in hepatic artery hemorrhage for both patients with liver trauma and patients with iatrogenic injuries to the hepatic artery. Based on this experience, embolization of the vascular lesion and/or the arterial lumen distal to the vascular lesion combined with inlet control is recommended for preventing recurrent hemorrhage, but studies with larger sample sizes will be required to validate this conclusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Yung Kang City, Tainan County, Taiwan. tzengg@ms31.hinet.net
authors.forename: Wen-Sheng
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Tzeng
authors.forename: Reng-Hong
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jinn-Ming
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ching-Yih
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Lok-Beng
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Koay
authors.forename: Yih-Huei
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Uen
authors.forename: Yu-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Tian
authors.forename: Yaou
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000150:complications; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000792:Angiography; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries*; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000293:injuries; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications