title: The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor UCN-01 plus cisplatin in advanced solid tumors: a California cancer consortium phase I pharmacokinetic and molecular correlative trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  UCN-01 (7-hydroxy-staurosporine) is a novel antineoplastic agent targeting cyclin-dependent kinases, which shows potent in vitro and in vivo activity against a broad range of tumor types. Our group has previously shown that UCN-01 potentiates the apoptotic response of agents such as cisplatin in vitro by preventing sequence-specific abrogation of G2 arrest caused by DNA-damaging chemotherapies.
  
  
  METHODS
  This National Cancer Institute-sponsored phase I trial was designed to determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics of escalating doses of cisplatin in combination with UCN-01 in patients with advanced malignant solid tumors, as well as to do molecular correlative studies on tumor specimens. Cisplatin was infused over 1 hour before UCN-01 (45 mg/m2/d) given as a 72-hour continuous infusion. Escalation of cisplatin was planned through five dose levels at 20, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg/m2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients were accrued. Accrual was halted at dose level 2 (cisplatin, 30 mg/m2) due to dose-limiting toxicities consisting of grade 5 sepsis with respiratory failure associated with grade 3 creatinine (one patient) and grade 3 atrial fibrillation (one patient). Plasma and salivary pharmacokinetics of UCN-01 were unaffected by cisplatin. Pretreatment and posttreatment tumor biopsies showed that UCN-01 was active against a key molecular target, the checkpoint kinase Chk1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This phase I trial failed to achieve targeted therapeutic dose levels of cisplatin when combined with prolonged infusion UCN-01. However, because preclinical data indicate that UCN-01 potentiates response to platinum, further studies with alternative dose schedules of the combination, or with other platinum analogues, are warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of California Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA. primo.lara@ucdmc.ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Primo N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: Philip C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Synold
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Jeff
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Longmate
authors.forename: Paul H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Gumerlock
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Doroshow
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gandara
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000139:chemically induced; D015153:Blotting, Western; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000378:metabolism; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007010:Hyponatremia / Q000139:chemically induced; D007239:Infections / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000139:chemically induced; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; C054852:7-hydroxystaurosporine; D011494:Protein Kinases; C000605867:CHEK1 protein, human; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; C517009:CDC25C protein, human; D020687:cdc25 Phosphatases; D019311:Staurosporine; D002945:Cisplatin