title: Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) inhibits invasion of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells: role of nuclear factor-kappaB and reactive oxygen species.
abstract: In order to define the role of As2O3 in regulating the tumor cell invasiveness, the effects of As2O3 on secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), and in vitro invasion of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells were examined. As2O3 inhibited cell adhesion to the collagen matrix in a concentration dependent manner, whereas the same treatment enhanced cell to cell interaction. In addition, As2O3 inhibited migration and invasion of HT1080 cells stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-aceate (PMA), and suppressed the expression of MMP-2, -9, membrane type-1 MMP, uPA, and uPA receptor (uPAR). In contrast, As2O3 increased the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and PA inhibitor (PAI)-1, and reduced the MMP-2, -9, and uPA promoter activity in the presence and absence of PMA. Furthermore, the promoter stimulating and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was blocked by As2O3, whereas the activator protein-1 activity was unchanged. Pretreatment of the cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) significantly prevented suppression of MMPs and uPA secretion, DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB, and in vitro invasion of HT1080 cells by As2O3, suggesting a role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in this process. These results suggest that As2O3 inhibits tumor cell invasion by modulating the MMPs/TIMPs and uPA/uPAR/PAI systems of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. In addition, the generation of ROS and subsequent suppression of NF-kappaB activity by As2O3 might partly be responsible for the phenomena. Overall, As2O3 shows potent activity controlling tumor cell invasiveness in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Myung-Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Jae-Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kwak
authors.forename: Chang-Min
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Hyung-Chahn
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Sang Hyeok
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Hyun-Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Chul-Ju
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sungkwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: An
authors.forename: Seung-Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hee Yong
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: In-Chul
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Seok-Il
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Chang Hun
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rhee
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001152:Arsenicals; D016328:NF-kappa B; D010087:Oxides; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D008156:Luciferases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide