title: Generation of antitumor immunity against large colon tumors by repeated runs of electrochemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Electrochemotherapy, which uses two parallel electrodes for delivery of electric pulses, may be useful for treatment of tumor nodules. However, in clinical fields, tumors that are larger than the distance between the two electrodes are frequently observed, and it would be difficult in such cases to deliver electric pulses to the tumor. This study was done to define how host antitumor immunity is generated by repeated electrochemotherapy treatments, and whether it is associated with regression of even large tumor nodules.
  
  
  METHODS
  Balb/c mice and Balb/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with colon 26. Electrochemotherapy using bleomycin and electroporation (CUY21) was administered as a treatment for tumor nodules that were larger than the distance between the electrodes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Balb/c mice, growth of large tumors at the start of treatment is not inhibited by a single electrochemotherapy treatment. However, complete tumor regression was obtained through repeated electrochemotherapy treatments. No tumor cure was observed among Balb/c nude mice under the same therapeutic conditions. Inflammatory cells were accumulated in the tumor tissue seven days after the third electrochemotherapy treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeated electrochemotherapy is a promising treatment, even for large tumors, such as are usually encountered in clinical practice, by generating T-cell dependent, antitumor immunity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Frontier Surgery (M9), Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan. gunjim9@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gunji
authors.forename: Masaya
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uesato
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Hisahiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nabeya
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kouda
authors.forename: Harufumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kouzu
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ochiai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D019233:Retreatment; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D001761:Bleomycin