title: Analysis of xylem sap proteins from Brassica napus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Substance transport in higher land plants is mediated by vascular bundles, consisting of phloem and xylem strands that interconnect all plant organs. While the phloem mainly allocates photoassimilates, the role of the xylem is the transport of water and inorganic nutrients from roots to all aerial plant parts. Only recently it was noticed that in addition to mineral salts, xylem sap contains organic nutrients and even proteins. Although these proteins might have important impact on the performance of above-ground organs, only a few of them have been identified so far and their physiological functions are still unclear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used root-pressure xylem exudate, collected from cut Brassica napus stems, to extract total proteins. These protein preparations were then separated by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). After individual tryptic digests of the most abundant coomassie-stained protein spots, partial peptide sequence information was deduced from tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) fragmentation spectra and subsequently used for protein identifications by database searches. This approach resulted in the identification of 69 proteins. These identifications include different proteins potentially involved in defence-related reactions and cell wall metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides a comprehensive overview of the most abundant proteins present in xylem sap of Brassica napus. A number of 69 proteins could be identified from which many previously were not known to be localized to this compartment in any other plant species. Since Brassica napus, a close relative of the fully sequenced model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, was used as the experimental system, our results provide a large number of candidate proteins for directed molecular and biochemical analyses of the physiological functions of the xylem under different environmental and developmental conditions. This approach will allow exploiting many of the already established functional genomic resources, like i.e. the large mutant collections, that are available for Arabidopsis.
authors.affiliation: Department Lothar Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14424 Potsdam, Germany. kehr@mpimp-golm.mpg.de
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kehr
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buhtz
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Giavalisco
mesh_terms: D029688:Brassica napus / Q000737:chemistry*; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D037102:Lectins / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D010544:Peroxidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology; D018547:Plant Stems / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D010544:Peroxidases; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases