title: [Concept and anatomical feasibility study of an "endosteal electrode" for bimodal stimulation in severely deaf ears].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many patients with severe hearing loss could benefit from a bimodal stimulation unilaterally: acoustically in the apical region of the cochlea with some residual low frequency hearing and electrically via a cochlear implant in the basal turn with lost high hearing in the high frequency range. As a new concept we introduce the idea of an "endosteal electrode" - to be inserted between spiral ligament and endosteum of the bony wall without opening the fluid-filled inner ear. In this paper the feasibility from the anatomical point of view is to be proven.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 10 human temporal bone specimens the bone covering the membraneous inner ear is carefully removed in the site of a typical cochleostomy. It should by proven whether or not the soft tissue layer covering the inner ear could be left intact and, furthermore, whether a "dummy-electrode array" could be inserted "endosteally".
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 10 of the 10 specimen the preparation could be carried out in the desired way, leaving the spiral ligament intact. The regular site of the "electrode" was morphologically proven after embedding the specimens for histological evaluation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the anatomical point of view, an "endosteal cochlear implantation" seems feasible. Further experiments including animal studies must show, whether this concept might succeed functionally.
authors.affiliation: Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie Rostock. hans-wilhelm.pau@med.uni-rostock.de
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Pau
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Just
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dommerich
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behrend
mesh_terms: D019929:Cochlear Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003638:Deafness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000295:instrumentation; D013525:Surgical Instruments; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery