title: Duodenal ulcer in South Africa: home-pounded versus milled maize.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In South Africa there is suggestive evidence that home-pounded maize protects against duodenal ulceration. Therefore the purpose of the present paper was to test, in an animal model, whether oil from home-pounded maize gives protection against ulceration and whether this effect is present in commercially prepared maize oil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gastric ulceration was induced in rats with topical ethanol 1 h after giving oil prepared either from fresh-pounded or from commercially treated maize. The lengths of the linear ulcers produced were measured with a planimeter and summed in each rat. Control observations were made using arachis oil (which is known not to be ulceroprotective) and horse gram lipid (which is known to be strongly ulceroprotective). Statistical comparisons were performed mainly with the Mann-Whitney U-test, but also with reference to the normal distribution. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was performed on the oil from fresh maize, and the fractions similarly investigated for ulceroprotective activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fresh maize oil was strongly ulceroprotective (P = 0.0039), commercial maize oil was not (P = 0.2864). The active ingredient in the fresh maize oil was located in the fraction near the solvent front.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the hypothesis that home-pounded maize protects against duodenal ulceration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University College London, London, UK. frank@tovey.fsnet.co.uk
authors.forename: Frank I
authors.initials: FI
authors.lastname: Tovey
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hobsley
authors.forename: Isidor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: A Paul
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Jayaraj
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000032:analysis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D005260:Female; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D015994:Incidence; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol; D003314:Corn Oil