title: Alcohol consumption and the CAGE test in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and in the general population.
abstract: We conducted a survey of 151 outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder in Geneva, Switzerland, in 2000, and a mail survey in a representative sample of the general population of Geneva in 1996 (n = 742), to compare alcohol consumption and alcoholism in these two samples. Fewer patients with schizophrenia than participants in the general population drank alcohol daily (9.9% vs. 18.3%, p < 0.001). Excluding participants who said they currently never drank, alcohol consumption was similar in both groups (3 vs. 4 glasses/week, p = 0.22). However, more patients with schizophrenia than participants in the population sample had a CAGE score > or = 2 (21.2% vs. 10.1%, p < 0.001), indicating a suspicion of alcoholism. Thus, asking about alcohol consumption produced different results from assessing hidden alcoholism with the CAGE. Either patients with schizophrenia under-reported their alcohol consumption, or the CAGE produced higher scores in these patients, for any given level of alcohol consumption. Previous research has shown, however, that the CAGE is a valid test in patients with schizophrenia, which suggests that in Geneva, alcoholism is more prevalent in patients with schizophrenia than in the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Etter
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Etter
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012042:Registries; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires