title: Dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium and calcium in relation to the risk of preeclampsia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the relation between preeclampsia risk and maternal intake of dietary fiber, potassium, magnesium and calcium.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a case-control study of 172 preeclamptics and 339 normotensive controls. Maternal dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression procedures were used to estimate the association between each dietary factor and preeclampsia risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fiber intake was inversely associated with the risk of preeclampsia. When extreme quartiles of total fiber intake were compared, the odds ratio (OR) for preeclampsia was 0.46 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-0.92). The multivariate OR for preeclampsia for women in the top quartile of potassium intake (> 4.1 g/d) versus the lowest quartile (< 2.4 g/d) was 0.49 (95% CI 0.24-0.99). There was some evidence ofa reduced risk of preeclampsia with a high intake of magnesium and calcium, though these results were not statistically significant. Intake offruits and vegetables, low-fat dairy products, total cereal and dark bread were each associated with a reduced risk of preeclampsia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support previous reports that suggest that diets high in fiber and potassium are associated with a reduced risk of hypertension. Maternal intake of recommended amounts of foods rich in fiber, potassium and other nutrients may reduce the risk of preeclampsia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Perinatal Studies, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98122, USA. ihunnaya.frederick@swedish.org
authors.forename: Ihunnaya O
authors.initials: IO
authors.lastname: Frederick
authors.forename: Michelle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dashow
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kestin
authors.forename: Cuilin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Leisenring
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium