title: Cytoskeleton and surface structures of cells directly attached to the tooth in the rat junctional epithelium.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is still an open question whether cells directly attached to the tooth (DAT) cells are migratory or non-migratory cells. The purpose of this study was to examine cytoskeletal and surface structures of DAT cells that might be involved in migration.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the distribution of stress fibers composed of actin filaments in DAT cells using phallacidin fluorescent dye methods in a confocal laser scanning microscope. To observe the three-dimensional structure of the DAT cell surface, the osmium maceration scanning electron microscope (SEM) method, which removes various soluble materials between DAT cells and the enamel, was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stress fibers were found in the most apically located DAT cells, and were arranged in parallel to the presumable cervical-line, whereas some of the fibers ran parallel to the tooth axis in the more coronally located DAT cells. The parallel arrangement to the tooth axis of the fibers may be involved with migration for turnover, and the parallel accumulation to the presumable cervical-line may be concerned with the cervical contraction of DAT cells. Osmium maceration SEM images at high magnification revealed the existence of microvilli-like structures on the enamel surfaces (facing to the tooth surface) of DAT cells after removal of the soluble matrices. The thicknesses of the microvilli-like structures on the enamel surfaces and cell processes of intercellular bridges were significantly different.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DAT cells possess stress fibers arranged in parallel to the tooth axis and to the presumable cervical-line in the cytoplasm, and microvilli-like structures on their enamel surfaces. These results suggest that these structures contribute to DAT cell migration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Sadamitsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Michie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanno
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Teruo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimono
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D002465:Cell Movement; D003743:Dental Enamel / Q000166:cytology*; D004846:Epithelial Attachment / Q000166:cytology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D022502:Stress Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure*