title: Effect of environmental enrichment during the rearing phase on subsequent eggshell quality in broiler breeders.
abstract: This study set out to investigate if access to an enriched environment during the rearing phase influences subsequent production and eggshell quality in broiler breeders. Broiler breeder pullets were reared under standard rearing conditions (control treatment) or under standard conditions with an environmental enrichment of bales of plastic-wrapped wood shavings (enriched treatment). At 19 weeks of age both groups were transported to a laying facility and housed in standard pens according to treatment type. Egg weight, shape, shell thickness, non-destructive deformation, breaking strength, stiffness and ultrastructural quality were compared at beginning of lay (25 weeks old), peak production (31 weeks old), mid-lay (45 weeks old) and end of lay (57 weeks old). Production and hatchery data were also collected throughout lay. Significant treatment-age interactions were detected for non-destructive deformation, breaking strength and stiffness, such that birds which had received prior enrichment went on to maintain a better shell quality with age. The measurements of total shell thickness, mammillary thickness and effective shell thickness all showed a trend for a treatment-age interaction. Significant age effects were found for weight, shape index, shell thickness, breaking strength and stiffness. All production and hatchery data also demonstrated significant changes with age. It is concluded that early enrichment with bales of wood shavings may provide a novel approach to the maintenance of eggshell quality at a time when calcium metabolism begins to reduce in efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Sciences, Institute of Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, Scotland. Avril_mythryl@btinternet.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Edmond
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bain
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D004528:Egg Shell; D005260:Female; D006799:Housing, Animal