Predictive factors for embryo implantation potential.
In spite of recent improvements in IVF, pregnancy rates have not increased significantly and one of the major problems remains the high multiple pregnancy rate. Better criteria are therefore necessary to establish the viability of a transferable embryo. Early prognosis of the developmental fate of the oocyte would help in selecting the best embryos to transfer, but non-invasive selection at the oocyte stage (extracytoplasmic and intracytoplasmic morphology) has proved to be of little prognostic value. Recently, it has been shown that follicular vascularization appears to be predictive of oocyte developmental fate, making it a good first-step approach for selection. Observation of pronuclei patterns at the zygote stage appears to offer an additional prognostic tool, correlating well with IVF outcome. Morphological evaluation of the embryo at days 2-3 remains the most used and valid method of selection, even though it is not sufficient to select embryos with the higher implantation potential. Blastocyst culture is another possible strategy for selecting the best embryos with reduced risk of aneuploidies, though not all major chromosomal aberrations are excluded by prolonged in-vitro culture. In summary, selecting the best embryo for transfer is a decision that should be based on choices made during the different stages of assisted reproductive technologies.
Borini
Andrea
A
Tecnobios Procreazione, Via Dante 15, Bologna 40125, Italy. borini@tecnobiosprocreazione.it
Lagalla
Cristina
C
Cattoli
Monica
M
Sereni
Elena
E
Sciajno
Raffaella
R
Flamigni
Carlo
C
Coticchio
Giovanni
G
D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D002970:Cleavage Stage, Ovum; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000473:pathology; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D010064:Embryo Implantation / Q000502:physiology*; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D008941:Spindle Apparatus