title: Can beta-carotene regulate cell growth by a redox mechanism? An answer from cultured cells.
abstract: Many studies suggest a protective role of beta-carotene against cancer. However, the ATBC and the CARET trials have shown that beta-carotene increases the incidence of lung cancer in heavy smokers and asbestos workers. To explain this paradox, it can be hypothesized that beta-carotene modulates intracellular redox status and through this mechanism, it affects redox-sensitive molecular pathways involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Studies conducted in cultured cells seem to confirm such a hypothesis. At low concentrations, the carotenoid may serve as an antioxidant, inhibiting free radical production, while at relatively high concentrations and/or in the presence of a chronic oxidative stress (i.e. smoke), it may behave as a prooxidant, propagating free radical-induced reactions, consuming endogenous antioxidants and inducing DNA oxidative damage. In this context, it may regulate cell growth and death by the modulation of redox-sensitive genes and transcription factors.
authors.affiliation: Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, L.go F. Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy. p.palozza@rm.unicatt.it
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palozza
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D002468:Cell Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004249:DNA Damage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D019207:beta Carotene / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019207:beta Carotene