title: Lumbar total disc replacement part I: rationale, biomechanics, and implant types.
abstract: Lumbar total disc replacement is an evolving new technology designed to preserve motion and to perhaps supplant fusion as the current "gold standard" surgical treatment for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Given the intense interest in disc replacement as a paradigm shift from fusion, this article describes the anatomy, physiology, and biomechanics of degenerative disc disease. Various treatment options and their outcomes are reviewed. A brief history of disc replacement surgery is outlined, current indications and commonly accepted contraindications for disc replacement surgery are explained, and current implants likely to be available in the United States are described. An overview of the surgical procedure is provided, with technical tips and pitfalls included. Finally, a standard postoperative regime is described.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA. frelinghuysenp@hss.edu
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Frelinghuysen
authors.forename: Russel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Federico P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Girardi
authors.forename: Frank P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Cammisa
mesh_terms: D019643:Arthroplasty, Replacement / Q000379:methods*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery*; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D007595:Joint Prosthesis; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011859:Radiography; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D020127:Recovery of Function; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome