title: Xenon anaesthesia may preserve cardiovascular function in patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hypothesis that xenon anaesthesia provided haemodynamic stability was tested in patients with heart failure in a prospective, randomized, single-blind design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients scheduled for implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) received xenon 60-65% in oxygen (xenon group, n = 12) or propofol 3 mg/kg/h (propofol group, n = 14), both combined with remifentanil 0.2 microg/kg/min. After induction of anaesthesia with etomidate and remifentanil, heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were recorded. After 60 min of propofol or xenon anaesthesia, the same parameters were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While HR decreased in both groups, MAP was unchanged with xenon (73 vs. 76 mmHg) and decreased with propofol (from 78 to 64 mmHg, P < 0.02). LVEF was stable in both groups [32% vs. 37%, xenon (NS), and 30% vs. 34%, propofol (NS)]. Preload, as measured by end-diastolic volume (EDV), did not change (66 vs. 63 ml with xenon; 79 vs. 81 ml with propofol, both NS). Afterload, as determined by end-systolic pressure-volume product (ESPV), decreased with propofol (6760 vs. 4920 ml mmHg) but not with xenon (4060 vs. 3780 ml mmHg, P < 0.01 between groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With propofol, MAP is reduced and LVEF is not increased in spite of reduced afterload. In contrast, MAP and LVEF are maintained with xenon.
authors.affiliation: Klinik fuer Anesthesiologie, Universitaetsklinikum Aachen, Germany. jbaumert@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: J-H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Baumert
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Falter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eletr
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reyle-Hahn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rossaint
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications; D002320:Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena / Q000187:drug effects*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D019919:Prosthesis Implantation; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014978:Xenon / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D014978:Xenon