title: Functional VEGF C-634G polymorphism is associated with development of diabetic macular edema and correlated with macular retinal thickness in type 2 diabetes.
abstract: Since vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a strong effect on induction of vascular permeability, VEGF is an attractive candidate gene for development of diabetic macular edema (ME). Among the 378 patients with type 2 diabetes studied, 203 patients had no retinopathy, 93 had non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and 82 had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). ME was present in 16 patients with NPDR and 47 patients with PDR. We genotyped three VEGF polymorphisms: C-2,578A, G-1,154A, and C-634G. Genotype and allele distribution of C-634G, but not C-2,578A or G-1,154A, were significantly different between patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the C-634G genotype was a risk factor for DR (p = 0.002), and furthermore for ME (p = 0.047), independently from severity of DR, with the -634C allele increasing the risk. Macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography was correlated with the C-634G genotype, with the trend increasing with the presence of more -634C alleles (p = 0.006). Stepwise regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes and presence of the C-634G genotype were independent predictors of macular thickness. In addition, basic transcriptional activity levels associated with the -634C allele were greater compared to those seen with the -634G allele in human glioma and lymphoblastic T-lymphocyte cells. These results demonstrate that the VEGF C-634G polymorphism is a genetic risk factor for ME as well as DR.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Saitama, Japan. awata@saitama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Awata
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurihara
authors.forename: Nobuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takata
authors.forename: Tamotsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neda
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iizuka
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohkubo
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Osaki
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Youhei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inukai
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoneya
authors.forename: Shigehiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Katayama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A