title: Health-related quality of life as a predictor of hospital readmission and death among patients with heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We sought to examine the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQL) and a first emergency rehospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure (HF) having a wide variation in ventricular ejection fraction and functional status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study conducted with 394 patients admitted for HF-related emergencies at 4 Spanish hospitals. Baseline HRQL was measured with a generic questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey (SF-36), and with an HF-specific instrument, the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure (MLWHF) questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for hospitalization and death on the basis of HRQL scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow-up of approximately 6 months, 138 patients (35.0%) underwent a first emergency rehospitalization and 70 (17.8%) died. After adjustment for biomedical, psychosocial, and health care variables, the frequency of hospital readmission was higher in patients with worse scores on the SF-36 physical functioning (HR, 1.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-2.44; P = .01), general health (HR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.19-2.52; P = .003), and mental health (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.10-2.47; P = .02) subscales. Results were similar for the mortality end point. For the MLWHF questionnaire, worse overall and worse physical and emotional summary scores were associated with higher mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Worse HRQL is associated with hospital readmission and death in patients with HF. The magnitude of this association, for both physical and mental HRQL components, is comparable to that for other well-known predictors of hospital readmission and death, such as personal history of diabetes, previous hospitalizations, and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. fernando.artalejo@uam.es
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Artalejo
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Guallar-Castillón
authors.forename: Carlos Rodríguez
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Pascual
authors.forename: Carmen Montoto
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Otero
authors.forename: Ana Ortega
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Adoración Nieto
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: García
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Conthe
authors.forename: Maite Olcoz
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Chiva
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Banegas
authors.forename: Manuel Conde
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Herrera
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology