title: Coronary arterial calcification is associated with albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patient.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although microalbuminuria has been suggested as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease, the relationship between diabetic nephropathy and macroangiopathy remains unclear. Previously, we reported that coronary artery calcification detected by electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) could indicate the degree of coronary atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. In this study, we examine the association between coronary arterial calcification and microalbuminuria and aortic calcification and microalbuminuria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and fifty-six patients, including 177 type 2 diabetic patients (106 patients with normoalbuminuria, 71 with microalbuminuria) and 79 non-diabetic patients were evaluated by assessing the urinary albumin excretion rate and using EBCT to determine a coronary calcification score (CCS) and an aortic calcification score (ACS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No differences were observed regarding age, smoking index or BMI. Diabetic patients exhibited a greater CCS than non-diabetic subjects (non-diabetes 33 +/- 75 vs. diabetes 203 +/- 467, p < 0.05). Diabetic patients with microalbuminuria exhibited the most advanced CCS (253 +/- 491, p < 0.05). In contrast, no difference was observed in ACS among three groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that CCS is significantly associated with urinary albumin excretion rate as well as age, duration of diabetes and serum creatinine (R(2) = 0.31), while ACS is strongly associated with age, smoking, serum creatinine, systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (R(2) = 0.29).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Increased urinary albumin excretion is associated with coronary arterial calcification in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Osaka City General Hospital, Miyakojima, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamagami
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamakita
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujii
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000150:complications*; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000150:complications; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000150:complications*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000150:complications*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003404:Creatinine