Recombinant p21 protein inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and transcription factors.
Cellular proliferation determines the events leading to the initiation and development of inflammation, immune activation, cancer, atherogenesis, and other disorders associated with aberrant cell proliferation. Cyclin inhibitor p21 plays a unique role in limiting cell cycle progression. However, its effectiveness can only be demonstrated with direct in vitro and in vivo delivery to control aberrant proliferation. We demonstrate that using a protein-transducing domain p21 protein a) localizes within the nuclear compartments of cells, b) interacts with transcription factors, NF-kappaB, and NFATs (NFATc and NFATp), and c) inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and expression of proinflammatory cytokines. This study using lymphocyte proliferation as a model suggests that the recombinant p21 protein can directly be delivered as a therapeutic protein to provide a novel, viable, and powerful strategy to limit proliferation, inflammation, alloimmune activation, cancer, and vascular proliferative disorders such as atherosclerosis.
Khanna
Ashwani K
AK
Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. akkhanna@mcw.edu
Plummer
Matthew
M
Nilakantan
Vani
V
Pieper
Galen M
GM
D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / Q000276:immunology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D016131:Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016207:Cytokines; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D016328:NF-kappa B; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus