title: The neural code for written words: a proposal.
abstract: How is reading, a cultural invention, coded by neural populations in the human brain? The neural code for written words must be abstract, because we can recognize words regardless of their location, font and size. Yet it must also be exquisitely sensitive to letter identity and letter order. Most existing coding schemes are insufficiently invariant or incompatible with the constraints of the visual system. We propose a tentative neuronal model according to which part of the occipito-temporal 'what' pathway is tuned to writing and forms a hierarchy of local combination detectors sensitive to increasingly larger fragments of words. Our proposal can explain why the detection of 'open bigrams' (ordered pairs of letters) constitutes an important stage in visual word recognition.
authors.affiliation: INSERM unit 562, Cognitive Neuroimaging, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, CEA/DRM/DSV 4 Place du General Leclerc, 91401 Orsay cedex, France. dehaene@shfj.cea.fr
authors.forename: Stanislas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dehaene
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sigman
authors.forename: Fabien
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vinckier
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000502:physiology; D008959:Models, Neurological; D021641:Recognition, Psychology / Q000502:physiology*; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D014795:Visual Pathways / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D014825:Vocabulary; D014956:Writing