title: Double aortic arch presenting as severe bronchiolitis in a 2-week-old infant.
abstract: A 2-week-old female infant was transferred from a regional hospital for mechanical ventilation after developing severe respiratory distress. Stridor had been present since the age of 1 week and was complicated by coryzal illness. Mechanical ventilation was difficult with marked inspiratory and expiratory flow obstruction recorded by the ventilator. Echocardiogram showed a normal heart. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed mid-tracheal extrinsic compression (unchanged with positive end-expiratory pressure) and advancement of the endotracheal tube by 2 cm completely corrected the flow obstruction. Repeat echocardiogram showed a double aortic arch. This case report emphasizes the importance of clinical history, examination findings and interpretation of the ventilator waveforms in the differential diagnosis of a difficult-to-ventilate infant with bronchiolitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. mandie.griffiths@rch.org.au
authors.forename: Amanda L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Massie
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: South
mesh_terms: D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000002:abnormalities*; D001988:Bronchiolitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D045853:Exhalation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D012135:Respiratory Sounds; D014691:Ventilation; D014739:Victoria