[Survey on the contamination of microcystin-LR in water supply of Shanghai city].
OBJECTIVE
To study the pollution level of microcystin-LR in water supply of Shanghai city and the removal efficacy for microcystin-LR through routine water treatment technique.


METHODS
High performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC) was applied to determine the concentration of microcystin-LR in source water, water samples after various water treatment procedures and tap water.


RESULTS
The concentration of microcystin-LR varied with sampling seasons and sites and reached peak during summer and fall. The maximum of microcystin-LR was 2.38 microg/L in source water. Coagulation plus chlorine disinfection were found to be effective for the removal of microcystin-LR, while the remove rate through filtration was not significant. And it could also be detected in tap water as high as 1.27 microg/L.


CONCLUSIONS
The source waters of Shanghai city were polluted by cyanobacteria toxins represented by microcystin-LR. The source water in suburb was more polluted. Routine water treatment techniques can not remove the toxins effectively.
Wu
He-yan
HY
School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
Zheng
Li-xing
LX
Su
Jin
J
Shi
Wei
W
D002681:China; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000032:analysis* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018508:Water Purification; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C057862:cyanoginosin LR