Modest salt reduction reduces blood pressure and urine protein excretion in black hypertensives: a randomized control trial.
High blood pressure and proteinuria are the major risk factors for cardiovascular and renal disease. In black individuals, there is an increased risk of hypertension, stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease. There are no controlled studies of the effects of reducing salt intake on blood pressure and urine protein excretion in black individuals. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine the effects of modest salt restriction on blood pressure and urine protein excretion in nondiabetic black hypertensive subjects. The study was randomized, double blind, and placebo controlled. After run-in periods on their usual diet and on reduced salt, participants continued to restrict their salt intake and then received either slow sodium tablets, designed to bring their salt intake back to normal, or placebo tablets for 4 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. In the 40 who completed the study, urinary sodium excretion fell on slow sodium to placebo from 169+/-73 to 89+/-52 mmol per 24 hours (P<0.001; approximately 10 to 5 g salt per day). Blood pressure fell from 159/101+/-13/8 to 151/98+/-13/8 mm Hg (P<0.01). Protein excretion fell from 93+/-48 mg to 75+/-30 mg per 24 hours (P<0.008). Thus, reducing salt intake from approximately 10 to 5 g per day reduced blood pressure and urine protein excretion in black hypertensives. In light of these findings, we would recommend that all black individuals with raised blood pressure reduce their salt intake to < or =5 g per day.
St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, SW17 0RE, UK. p.swift@sghms.ac.uk
Pauline A
PA
Swift
Nirmala D
ND
Markandu
Giuseppe A
GA
Sagnella
Feng J
FJ
He
Graham A
GA
MacGregor
D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004039:Diet, Sodium-Restricted; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine
D012964:Sodium