Growth of lactic acid bacteria and Rhizopus oligosporus during barley tempeh fermentation.
The zygomycete Rhizopus oligosporus is traditionally used to ferment soybean tempeh, but it is also possible to ferment other legumes and cereals to tempeh. The traditional soybean tempeh harbours a multitude of microorganisms with potentially beneficial or detrimental effects on quality. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have positive effects on the safety of soybean tempeh, but the effects of LAB on R. oligosporus growth have not been investigated. We have developed a cereal grain tempeh by fermenting pearled barley with R. oligosporus ATCC 64063. Four LAB species, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactococcus lactis were assessed for their growth abilities and their effects on R. oligosporus growth during barley tempeh fermentation. Growth of LAB was assayed as colony forming units (cfu), while growth of R. oligosporus was measured as ergosterol content and hyphal length. The two fungal measurements highly correlated (r=0.83, P<0.001, n=90). The ergosterol content of fungal mycelia ranged from 11.7 to 30.1 mg/g fungal dry matter. L. plantarum multiplied from 4.8 to 7.4 log cfu/g dry tempeh and L. fermentum increased from 4.4 to 6.8 log cfu/g during 24 h incubation at 35 degrees C. L. reuteri and L. lactis had significantly slower growth, with increases from 4.8 to 5.6 log cfu/g and 5.0 to 5.4 log cfu/g, respectively. The growth of R. oligosporus and the final pH (4.9) in barley tempeh were not significantly influenced by any of the LAB investigated.
Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7025, SE-750 07, Sweden. xinmei.feng@mikrob.slu.se
Xin Mei
XM
Feng
Anders R B
AR
Eriksson
Johan
J
Schnürer
D018533:Biomass; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005524:Food Technology; D001467:Hordeum / Q000382:microbiology*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology; D052197:Limosilactobacillus fermentum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D052200:Limosilactobacillus reuteri / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013294:Lactococcus lactis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000254:growth & development*
D004875:Ergosterol