Abdominal lymphadenopathy in beta-thalassemia: MRI features and correlation with liver iron overload and posttransfusion chronic hepatitis C.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of our study was to describe the MRI features of abdominal lymphadenopathy in patients with beta-thalassemia major and investigate the relation of abdominal lymphadenopathy with the severity of iron overload and posttransfusion chronic hepatitis C.


METHODS
Abdominal MRI studies of 60 consecutive patients with beta-thalassemia major, performed for quantification of liver iron overload at a single institution, were retrospectively studied for the presence of lymph nodes and their distribution, size, and number. The signal intensity ratios of liver, spleen, and the largest lymph node to the right paraspinous muscle (L/M, S/M, and LN/M, respectively) were calculated on T1-weighted gradient-echo images. MRI findings for the lymph nodes were compared with the histologically assigned activity level of chronic hepatitis C that was available in 17 patients who had undergone liver biopsy within 1 month of the MRI examination.


RESULTS
Hypointense abdominal lymph nodes larger than 7 mm were seen in 19 (32%) of 60 thalassemic patients in perihepatic and paraortic distributions. Lymphadenopathy was related to both the severity of hepatic siderosis, as expressed by the L/M values, and the presence of chronic hepatitis C, given that 18 (95%) of the 19 thalassemic patients with lymphadenopathy had chronic hepatitis C. Moreover, thalassemic patients with a moderate or severe level of hepatic inflammation presented with abdominal lymphadenopathy more frequently than those with mild hepatic inflammation.


CONCLUSIONS
The development of hypointense abdominal lymphadenopathy in patients with beta-thalassemia major who have received multiple transfusions depends both on the severity of liver iron overload and on the presence and the activity level of coexistent chronic hepatitis C.
Department of Radiology, MRI Unit, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece. olypapak@hotmail.com
Olympia
O
Papakonstantinou
Thomas G
TG
Maris
Stavroula
S
Kostaridou
Vasilios
V
Ladis
Artemis
A
Vasiliadou
Nicholas C
NC
Gourtsoyiannis
D000005:Abdomen; D000328:Adult; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D005260:Female; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D019190:Iron Overload / Q000150:complications*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology