The pleiotropy of telomerase against cell death.
The end of eukaryotic genomic DNA is capped by a specialized structure called as "telomere", which consists of the repetitive array of nucleotide sequence, TTAGGG, in humans and mice, and a variety of binding proteins. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex responsible for the elongation of telomeres to maintain the genomic integrity, and is composed of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), telomerase RNA component (TERC), and their associated factors regulating the catalytic activity of telomerase. Although it is now apparent that telomerase protects cells from apoptosis via the maintenance of genomic integrity by stabilizing telomeres, our understanding for the physiological role of telomerase is yet far from completion, and emerging evidence suggests that telomerase has additional extratelomeric roles in mediating cell survival and anti-apoptotic functions against various cytotoxic stresses. Here we summarize and discuss how telomerase and telomeres are involved in mediating cellular protection against apoptosis.
Sung
Young Hoon
YH
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
Choi
Yoon Sik
YS
Cheong
Cheolho
C
Lee
Han-Woong
HW
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000201:enzymology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D012313:RNA / Q000502:physiology; D019098:Telomerase / Q000502:physiology*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C422952:telomerase RNA; D012313:RNA; C509186:TERT protein, human; D019098:Telomerase; C509187:Tert protein, mouse