Molecular and biochemical analysis of the galactose phenotype of dairy Streptococcus thermophilus strains reveals four different fermentation profiles.
Lactose-limited fermentations of 49 dairy Streptococcus thermophilus strains revealed four distinct fermentation profiles with respect to galactose consumption after lactose depletion. All the strains excreted galactose into the medium during growth on lactose, except for strain IMDOST40, which also displayed extremely high galactokinase (GalK) activity. Among this strain collection eight galactose-positive phenotypes sensu stricto were found and their fermentation characteristics and Leloir enzyme activities were measured. As the gal promoter seems to play an important role in the galactose phenotype, the galR-galK intergenic region was sequenced for all strains yielding eight different nucleotide sequences (NS1 to NS8). The gal promoter played an important role in the Gal-positive phenotype but did not determine it exclusively. Although GalT and GalE activities were detected for all Gal-positive strains, GalK activity could only be detected for two out of eight Gal-positive strains. This finding suggests that the other six S. thermophilus strains metabolize galactose via an alternative route. For each type of fermentation profile obtained, a representative strain was chosen and four complete Leloir gene clusters were sequenced. It turned out that Gal-positive strains contained more amino acid differences within their gal genes than Gal-negative strains. Finally, the biodiversity regarding lactose-galactose utilization among the different S. thermophilus strains used in this study was shown by RAPD-PCR. Five Gal-positive strains that contain nucleotide sequence NS2 in their galR-galK intergenic region were closely related.
Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing (IMDO), Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
Filip
F
de Vin
Peter
P
Rådström
Lieve
L
Herman
Luc
L
De Vuyst
D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D001483:Base Sequence; D002611:Cheese / Q000382:microbiology*; D003470:Culture Media; D005285:Fermentation; D005690:Galactose / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019105:Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D048249:Streptococcus thermophilus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015014:Yogurt / Q000382:microbiology*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003470:Culture Media; D005690:Galactose