Prospective gene expression analysis accurately subtypes acute leukaemia in children and establishes a commonality between hyperdiploidy and t(12;21) in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.
We have prospectively analysed and correlated the gene expression profiles of children presenting with acute leukaemia to the Royal London and Great Ormond Street Hospitals with morphological diagnosis, immunophenotype and karyotype. Total RNA extracted from freshly sorted blast cells was obtained from 84 lymphoblastic [acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)], 20 myeloid [acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)] and three unclassified acute leukaemias and hybridised to the high density Affymetrix U133A oligonucleotide array. Analysis of variance and significance analysis of microarrays was used to identify discriminatory genes. A novel 50-gene set accurately identified all patients with ALL and AML and predicted for a diagnosis of AML in three patients with unclassified acute leukaemia. A unique gene set was derived for each of eight subtypes of acute leukaemia within our data set. A common profile for children with ALL with an ETV6-RUNX1 fusion, amplification or deletion of ETV6, amplification of RUNX1 or hyperdiploidy with an additional chromosome 21 was identified. This suggests that these rearrangements share a commonality in biological pathways that maintains the leukaemic state. The gene TERF2 was most highly expressed in this group of patients. Our analyses demonstrate that not only is microarray analysis the single most effective tool for the diagnosis of acute leukaemias of childhood but it has the ability to identify unique biological pathways. To further evaluate its prognostic value it needs to be incorporated into the routine diagnostic analysis for large-scale clinical trials in childhood acute leukaemias.
van Delft
Frederik W
FW
Cancer Research UK, Children's Cancer Group, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK. frederik.vandelft@cancer.org.uk
Bellotti
Tony
T
Luo
Zhiyuan
Z
Jones
Louise K
LK
Patel
Naina
N
Yiannikouris
Olga
O
Hill
Alex S
AS
Hubank
Mike
M
Kempski
Helena
H
Fletcher
Danielle
D
Chaplin
Tracy
T
Foot
Nicola
N
Young
Bryan D
BD
Hann
Ian M
IM
Gammerman
Alex
A
Saha
Vaskar
V
D000208:Acute Disease; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D002891:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007621:Karyotyping; D007938:Leukemia / Q000235:genetics; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011003:Ploidies; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D035341:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2 / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014178:Translocation, Genetic; D000097764:ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D035341:Telomeric Repeat Binding Protein 2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000097764:ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human