Effect of 26-oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and their activity as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors.
Ganoderma lucidum is a medicinal fungus belonging to the Polyporaceae family which has long been known in Japan as Reishi and has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine. We report the isolation and identification of the 26-oxygenosterols ganoderol A, ganoderol B, ganoderal A, and ganoderic acid Y and their biological effects on cholesterol synthesis in a human hepatic cell line in vitro. We also investigated the site of inhibition in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. We found that these oxygenated sterols from G. lucidum inhibited cholesterol biosynthesis via conversion of acetate or mevalonate as a precursor of cholesterol. By incorporation of 24,25-dihydro-[24,25-3H2]lanosterol and [3-3H]lathosterol in the presence of ganoderol A, we determined that the point of inhibition of cholesterol synthesis is between lanosterol and lathosterol. These results demonstrate that the lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase, which converts 24,25-dihydrolanosterol to cholesterol, can be inhibited by the 26-oxygenosterols from G. lucidum. These 26-oxygenosterols could lead to novel therapeutic agents that lower blood cholesterol.
Nestlé Research Centre, Nestec Ltd., Vers-chez-les-Blanc, P.O. Box 44, 1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland.
Hassan
H
Hajjaj
Catherine
C
Macé
Matthew
M
Roberts
Peter
P
Niederberger
Laurent B
LB
Fay
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D007810:Lanosterol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D020940:Reishi / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase
D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; C548418:CYP51A1 protein, human; D065607:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; D007810:Lanosterol; D002784:Cholesterol; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D058886:Sterol 14-Demethylase