High prevalence and possible de novo formation of BRAF mutation in metastasized papillary thyroid cancer in lymph nodes.
BACKGROUND
The role of the T1799A BRAF mutation in lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is not clear.


OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to explore the relationship between BRAF mutation and lymph node metastasis of PTC by examining the mutation in both the primary tumors and their paired lymph node metastases.


METHODS
We isolated genomic DNA from primary thyroid tumors and paired lymph node metastases and performed direct sequencing of exon 15 of the BRAF gene mutation that carries the T1799A mutation.


RESULTS
In a series of 33 cases, 21 harbored the T1799A mutation in the primary tumors, and 17 (81%) of them harbored the same mutation also in the paired lymph node metastases. Twelve cases did not harbor the T1799A mutation in the primary tumors, among which nine cases also did not harbor BRAF mutation in the lymph node-metastasized tumors, whereas the other three did harbor the T1799A mutation in lymph node-metastasized tumor tissues. A novel tandem TG1799-1800AA mutation within one allele was found in a lymph node-metastasized tumor but not in the primary tumor. This mutation results in the change of codon 600 (GTG) of the gene to GAA with the consequent amino acid change (V600E) in the B-type Raf (BRAF) protein, same as that caused by the T1799A mutation alone.


CONCLUSIONS
The high prevalence of BRAF mutation in lymph node-metastasized PTC tissues from BRAF mutation-positive primary tumors and the possible de novo formation of BRAF mutation in lymph node-metastasized PTC were consistent with a role of BRAF mutation in facilitating the metastasis and progression of PTC in lymph nodes.
Vasko
Vasily
V
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Suite 333, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Hu
Shuiying
S
Wu
Guojun
G
Xing
Jeffrey C
JC
Larin
Alexandr
A
Savchenko
Victoria
V
Trink
Barry
B
Xing
Mingzhao
M
D000225:Adenine; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf / Q000235:genetics*; D013941:Thymine; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000556:secondary*
C482119:BRAF protein, human; D048493:Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf; D000225:Adenine; D013941:Thymine