Transient effect of the herbicide flazasulfuron on carbohydrate physiology in Vitis vinifera L.
In the Champagne vineyard, most of the areas treated in early 2000 with the newly approved herbicide flazasulfuron had vines with altered growth and yellow leaves throughout the growing season. In order to clarify the physiological perturbations caused on the non-target grapevine and their potential consequences, C nutrition of grape plants grown in vineyards treated or not with flazasulfuron in 2000 was characterized during the following season. Vines from treated areas exhibited yellow leaves and an alteration of photosynthetic activity, characterized by declines in leaf gas exchanges (by 85%) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations (by 88%), and a marked disorganization of the leaf plastids. The herbicide also caused a decrease in leaf starch and soluble carbohydrate levels (-74% and -90%, respectively). Surprisingly, some vines re-greened after bloom, then exhibiting similar carbohydrate physiology to those grown in a non-treated area. Thus, recovery of CO(2) fixation rates, plastid ultra-structure, pigment concentrations and carbohydrate levels was found in re-greening leaves. Unlike the informations available in the literature, our results showed that flazasulfuron may be phytotoxic for grapevine. However, this toxicity was overcome the following year, indicating that vines have the potential to recover from this herbicide stress after one season.
LEBHAM, UPRES EA 3877, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
Christian
C
Magné
Gaëlle
G
Saladin
Christophe
C
Clément
D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D006540:Herbicides / Q000633:toxicity*; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D010788:Photosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D018087:Plastids / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D027843:Vitis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
D006540:Herbicides; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D002734:Chlorophyll; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002338:Carotenoids; C477139:flazasulfuron; C037184:chlorophyll b; D013213:Starch; D000077194:Chlorophyll A