The role of extracellular potassium in the epileptogenic transformation of recurrent GABAergic inhibition.
OBJECTIVE
Epileptiform burst-firing can occur in hippocampal area CA1 where recurrent excitation is relatively weak and recurrent inhibition strong. Recent observations suggest that recurrent inhibition can transform into recurrent excitation because of collapse of the chloride gradient. Here we assess the role of potassium in this epileptogenic transformation.


METHODS
Extracellular field potential recordings, combined with either intracellular recordings from pyramidal neurons or extracellular potassium concentration recordings, were made in vitro from isolated CA1 minislices cut from the rat hippocampus and in vivo from area CA1 in urethane-anesthetized rats. Burst responses were evoked by 5-Hz alveus stimulation.


RESULTS
The 5-Hz alveus stimulation in vitro caused a transient period of burst responses that was associated with a transient increase in synaptic input in stratum oriens and a transient shift of the reversal potential of the synaptic potential. These changes were related to the transient increase in extracellular potassium concentration in stratum oriens. Observations in vivo confirmed the relation between bursting and extracellular potassium concentration in stratum oriens.


CONCLUSIONS
Use-dependent increase of extracellular potassium concentration in stratum oriens facilitates the collapse of the chloride gradient in the basal dendrites and transforms gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibition into GABAergic excitation, giving rise to burst firing. Improvement of intracellular chloride homeostasis or extracellular potassium homeostasis could reduce epileptogenicity.
Department of Neurophysiology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Rachid Id
RI
Bihi
John G R
JG
Jefferys
Martin
M
Vreugdenhil
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000502:physiology*; D017966:Pyramidal Cells / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012008:Recurrence; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000502:physiology*
D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium