Esophageal injury by apple cider vinegar tablets and subsequent evaluation of products.
Apple cider vinegar products are advertised in the popular press and over the Internet for treatment of a variety of conditions. After an adverse event was reported to the authors, eight apple cider vinegar tablet products were tested for pH, component acid content, and microbial growth. Considerable variability was found between the brands in tablet size, pH, component acid content, and label claims. Doubt remains as to whether apple cider vinegar was in fact an ingredient in the evaluated products. The inconsistency and inaccuracy in labeling, recommended dosages, and unsubstantiated health claims make it easy to question the quality of the products.
Hill
Laura L
LL
Department of Human Environmental Science (Human Nutrition), University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA. llhill@uark.edu
Woodruff
Logan H
LH
Foote
Jerald C
JC
Barreto-Alcoba
Morela
M
D019342:Acetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D019587:Dietary Supplements / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000592:standards*; D004348:Drug Labeling / Q000592:standards; D004947:Esophagus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000293:injuries*; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry; D011786:Quality Control; D013607:Tablets
D013607:Tablets; D019342:Acetic Acid