Minocycline partially inhibits caspase-3 activation and photoreceptor degeneration after photic injury.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the possible role of caspase-3 in retinal photic injury, and to investigate whether minocycline can ameliorate light-induced photoreceptor degeneration.


METHODS
Retinal photic injury was induced in rats by exposure to intense light. Expression of caspase-3 was studied using Western blot analysis, immunohistochemical staining and enzyme activity assay. Apoptotic photoreceptor cells were detected by the TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Minocycline (15, 30 or 45 mg/kg) was administered before or after photic injury in rats randomly assigned to pretreatment and posttreatment groups. Minocycline and vehicle-treated retinas subjected to photic injury were compared with respect to Western blotting, enzyme activity assay, quantitative counts of TUNEL stains, morphometry of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness and histopathological examination.


RESULTS
After light exposure, active caspase-3 and poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose-polymerase were upregulated in the retinas and increased caspase-3 immunoreactivity was observed in the ONL. Caspase-3 enzyme activity increased in the retinas that underwent photic injury, and this increase was significantly reduced in minocycline pretreated (30 and 45 mg/kg) and posttreated (45 mg/kg) groups. Intraperitoneal administration of minocycline before or after photic injury in rats also resulted in less TUNEL-positive photoreceptors, as assessed by the quantitative TUNEL counts. The degree of retinal degeneration, measured by the ONL thickness 14 days after photic injury, was significantly improved in minocycline pretreatment (45 mg/kg) rats.


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrate that increased caspase-3 activities localize specifically within the ONL after photic injury, and that minocycline partially inhibits caspase-3 activation and photoreceptor degeneration in this animal model.
Chang
Cheng-Jong
CJ
Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC. retina@ms14.hinet.net
Cherng
Chen-Hwan
CH
Liou
Wen-Shyong
WS
Liao
Ching-Len
CL
D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000528:radiation effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008027:Light / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008911:Minocycline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020419:Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015854:Up-Regulation
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D008911:Minocycline