Differential recognition of response elements determines target gene specificity for p53 and p63.
p63 is a member of the p53 tumor suppressor gene family, which regulates downstream target gene expression by binding to sequence-specific response elements similar to those of p53. By using oligonucleotide expression microarray analysis and analyzing the promoters of p63-induced genes, we have identified novel p63-specific response elements (p63-REs) in the promoter regions of EVPL and SMARCD3. These p63-REs exhibit characteristic differences from the canonical p53-RE (RRRCWWGYYY) in both the core-binding element (CWWG) as well as the RRR and/or YYY stretches. Luciferase assays on mutagenized promoter constructs followed by electromobility shift analysis showed that p53 preferentially activates and binds to the RRRCATGYYY sequence, whereas p63 preferentially activates RRRCGTGYYY. Whereas EVPL protein is highly expressed in epithelial cells of the skin and pharynx in the p63+/+ mouse, it is undetectable in these tissues in the p63-/- mouse. Our results indicate that p63 can regulate expression of specific target genes such as those involved in skin, limb, and craniofacial development by preferentially activating distinct p63-specific response elements.
Department of Otolaryngology, Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 818 Ross Research Building, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
Motonobu
M
Osada
Hannah Lui
HL
Park
Yuichi
Y
Nagakawa
Keishi
K
Yamashita
Alexey
A
Fomenkov
Myoung Sook
MS
Kim
Guojun
G
Wu
Shuji
S
Nomoto
Barry
B
Trink
David
D
Sidransky
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001846:Bone Development / Q000235:genetics; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010614:Pharynx / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D012867:Skin / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; C491649:SMARCD3 protein, human; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; C100754:envoplakin