Acute hyperglycemia state is associated with lower tPA-induced recanalization rates in stroke patients.
OBJECTIVE
Hyperglycemia (HG) has a deleterious effect in stroke patients by accelerating ischemic brain damage; moreover, its antifibrinolytic effect may also influence reperfusion. We aimed to study the effect of acute/chronic HG on tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-induced recanalization.


METHODS
We studied 139 consecutive stroke patients with documented intracranial artery occlusion treated with intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). Admission glucose levels were recorded (in mg/dL). The existence of previous chronic HG was determined by plasma levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %) and fructosamine (in micromol/L). Transcranial Doppler monitoring assessed complete recanalization 2 hours after tPA bolus. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores were obtained at baseline and 48 hours.


RESULTS
On admission, the median NIHSS score was 18 and mean glucose value was 140+/-63 mg/dL. At 2 hours, 32% of patients(n=44) achieved complete recanalization. Patients who recanalized showed lower admission glucose levels (127 vs 146 mg/dL; P=0.039) but no differences in HbA1c (6.3% vs 6.3%; P=0.896) or fructosamine (292 vs 293 micromol/L; P=0.957) were observed. Other variables associated with recanalization were initial distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (P=0.011) and platelet count (P=0.015). Patients with an admission glucose level >158 mg/dL had lower recanalization rates (16% vs 36.1%; P=0.035) and a higher NIHSS score at 48 hours (7 vs 14.5; P=0.04). After adjustment for stroke etiology, age, and risk factors, the only independent predictors on admission of no recanalization were glucose value >158 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR], 7.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 42.3; P=0.027), proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 6.5; P=0.034), and platelet count <219,000/mL (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1 to 6.1; P=0.029).


CONCLUSIONS
In tPA-treated patients, the acute but not chronic HG state may hamper the fibrinolytic process, delaying reperfusion of the ischemic penumbra. Early measures to reduce HG may favor early recanalization.
Unitat Neurovascular Hospital, Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain. marcriboj@hotmail.com
Marc
M
Ribo
Carlos
C
Molina
Joan
J
Montaner
Marta
M
Rubiera
Raquel
R
Delgado-Mederos
Juan F
JF
Arenillas
Manuel
M
Quintana
José
J
Alvarez-Sabín
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications*; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010976:Platelet Count; D011379:Prognosis; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017585:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial
D001786:Blood Glucose; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator