[What are the markers of tobacco smoking?].
In this updated review of tobacco smoking markers (smokers non-smokers) in various biological environments, during varied circumstances of use, we present the parameters known to be detectable to date. The focus is placed on:--certain bio-markers used in routine practice: plasmatic, urinary or salivary cotinine end-expired carbon monoxide,--certain minor tobacco alkaloids such as anabasine and anatabine, as potential bio-markers, particularly for monitoring abstinence during nicotinic substitution therapy,-- use of superficial body growths (hair and nails) as a biological environment for measuring nicotine and cotinine to monitor exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and fetal exposure.
Gourlain
H
H
Laboratoire de Toxicologie Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2, rue Ambroise-Paré, 75475 Paris Cedex 10. herve.gourlain@lrb.ap-hop-paris.fr
Galliot-Guilley
M
M
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000032:analysis; D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology
D015415:Biomarkers; D009538:Nicotine; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D003367:Cotinine