Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of flumequine in pigs after single intravenous and intramuscular administration.
The pharmacokinetics and intramuscular (IM) bioavailability of flumequine (15 mgkg(-1)) were investigated in healthy pigs and the findings related to published minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible bacteria of animal origin, and to experimentally determined MICs for susceptible strains of porcine origin. We found MICs for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Pasteurella spp. and Bordetella spp. in the range 0.5 to >64 microg mL(-1) isolated from infected pigs in the Forli area of Italy; only the Pasteurella multocida strains were sensitive (MIC(90)=0.5 microg mL(-1)). After intravenous (IV) injection, flumequine was slowly distributed and eliminated (t(1/2lambda(1))1.40+/-0.16 h and t(1/2lambda(2))6.35+/-1.69 h). The distribution volume at steady state (V(dss)) was 752.59+/-84.03 mL kg(-1) and clearance (Cl(B)) was 237.19+/-17.88 mL kg(-1)h(-1). After IM administration, peak serum concentration (4.99+/-0.92 microg mL(-1)) was reached between the 2nd and the 3rd hour. The results on MIC of isolated bacteria, although only indicative, suggest that the efficacy of flumequine on Gram-negative bacteria may be impaired by the emergence of less sensitive or resistant strains.
Villa
R
R
Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Veterinarie per la Sicurezza Alimentare (VSA), Università di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy. Roberto.villa@unimi.it
Cagnardi
P
P
Acocella
F
F
Massi
P
P
Anfossi
P
P
Asta
F
F
Carli
S
S
D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000662:veterinary; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000187:drug effects; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D012475:Salmonella / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology
D024841:Fluoroquinolones; C012976:flumequine