Aging, encoding, and word retrieval: distinguishing phonological and memory processes.
Word retrieval deficits are one of the most common complaints among older adults. The Transmission Deficit Hypothesis predicts that phonologically similar names would be harder for older adults to encode and retrieve. Results indicated that overall older adults encoded and recalled fewer words than younger adults when given only one trial and when given multiple trials to criterion. For both experiments, proper names were more difficult to retrieve than common nouns, and phonologically similar words were more difficult to retrieve than phonologically different words for both older and younger adults. Age differences were not evident for retrieving phonologically similar items or names but older adults did need more trials to encode phonologically similar items and names. Age differences for phonologically similar items and names appear related to encoding processes with retrieval of these items consistently hard for both older and younger adults.
Department of Speech Pathology and Andiology, California State University, Sacramento, California 95819-6071, USA. ohanlon@csus.edu
Laureen
L
O'Hanlon
Susan
S
Kemper
Kim A
KA
Wilcox
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall; D009790:Occupations; D010700:Phonetics; D012660:Semantics