IL-23 compensates for the absence of IL-12p70 and is essential for the IL-17 response during tuberculosis but is dispensable for protection and antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses if IL-12p70 is available.
IL-12p70 induced IFN-gamma is required to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth; however, in the absence of IL-12p70, an IL-12p40-dependent pathway mediates induction of IFN-gamma and initial bacteriostatic activity. IL-23 is an IL-12p40-dependent cytokine containing an IL-12p40 subunit covalently bound to a p19 subunit that is implicated in the induction of CD4 T cells associated with autoimmunity and inflammation. We show that in IL-23 p19-deficient mice, mycobacterial growth is controlled, and there is no diminution in either the number of IFN-gamma-producing Ag-specific CD4 T cells or local IFN-gamma mRNA expression. Conversely, there is an almost total loss of both IL-17-producing Ag-specific CD4 T cells and local production of IL-17 mRNA in these mice. The absence of IL-17 does not alter expression of the antimycobacterial genes, NO synthase 2 and LRG-47, and the absence of IL-23 or IL-17, both of which are implicated in mediating inflammation, fails to substantially affect the granulomatous response to M. tuberculosis infection of the lung. Despite this redundancy, IL-23 is required to provide a moderate level of protection in the absence of IL-12p70, and this protection correlates with a requirement for IL-23 in the IL-12p70-independent induction of Ag-specific, IFN-gamma-producing CD4 T cells. We also show that IL-23 is required for the induction of an IL-17-producing Ag-specific phenotype in naive CD4 T cells in vitro and that absence of IL-12p70 promotes an increase in the number of IL-17-producing Ag-specific CD4 T cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Khader
Shabaana A
SA
Trudeau Institute, 154 Algonquin Avenue, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA.
Pearl
John E
JE
Sakamoto
Kaori
K
Gilmartin
Leigh
L
Bell
Guy K
GK
Jelley-Gibbs
Dawn M
DM
Ghilardi
Nico
N
deSauvage
Fred
F
Cooper
Andrea M
AM
D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000378:metabolism; D053759:Interleukin-23; D053760:Interleukin-23 Subunit p19; D007378:Interleukins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology
D000336:Aerosols; C096000:Ifi1 protein, mouse; C508841:Il23a protein, mouse; D053765:Interleukin-12 Subunit p35; D020381:Interleukin-17; D053759:Interleukin-23; D053760:Interleukin-23 Subunit p19; D007378:Interleukins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496317:Nos2 protein, mouse; D019204:GTP-Binding Proteins