Mechanisms of enhanced taurine release under Ca2+ depletion.
The sulfur-containing amino acid taurine is an inhibitory neuromodulator in the brain of mammals, as well as a key substance in the regulation of cell volumes. The effect of Ca(2+) on extracellular taurine concentrations is of special interest in the context of the regulatory mechanisms of taurine release. The aim of this study was to characterize the basal release of taurine in Ca(2+)-free medium using in vivo microdialysis of the striatum of anesthetized rats. Perfusion of Ca(2+)-free medium via a microdialysis probe evoked a sustained release of taurine (up to 180 % compared to the basal levels). The Ca(2+) chelator EGTA (1mM) potentiated Ca(2+) depletion-evoked taurine release. The substitution of CaCl(2) by choline chloride did not alter the observed effect. Ca(2+)-free solution did not significantly evoke release of taurine from tissue loaded with the competitive inhibitor of taurine transporter guanidinoethanesulfonate (1mM), suggesting that in Ca(2+) depletion taurine is released by the transporter operating in the outward direction. The volume-sensitive chloride channel blocker diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (1mM) did not attenuate the taurine release evoked by Ca(2+) depletion. The non-specific blocker of voltage-sensitive Ca(2+) channels NiCl(2) (0.65 mM) enhanced taurine release in the presence of Ca(2+). CdCl(2) (0.25 mM) had no effect under these conditions. However, both CdCl(2) and NiCl(2) attenuated the effect of Ca(2+)-free medium on the release of taurine. The data obtained imply the involvement of both decreased influx of Ca(2+) and increased non-specific influx of Na(+) through voltage-sensitive calcium channels in the regulation of transporter-mediated taurine release in Ca(2+) depletion.
Molchanova
Svetlana M
SM
Brain Research Center, Medical School, University of Tampere, Finland. svetlana.molchanova@uta.fi
Oja
Simo S
SS
Saransaari
Pirjo
P
D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017072:Neostriatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009532:Nickel / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D013654:Taurine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D000099247:Taurine Transporters
D017878:4,4'-Diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-Disulfonic Acid; D019256:Cadmium Chloride; D002118:Calcium; D018118:Chloride Channels; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009532:Nickel; D012964:Sodium; D013654:Taurine; D000099247:Taurine Transporters; C009558:taurocyamine; C022838:nickel chloride