The use of digital imaging for colour matching and communication in restorative dentistry.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a shade matching method based on digital imaging and to compare observers' ability using this method with the conventional one set against a spectrophotometric 'gold standard'.


METHODS
Two Vita Lumin shade guides were used in this study, nine shades being selected from the first Vita Lumin shade guide, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, B3, B4, C1, C2 and C3. A second shade guide was used to match the selected shades. A Nikon Coolpix 990 digital camera with Nikon SB21B ring flash was used to record the digital images of the shade tabs of the two shade guides and the images were processed using Adobe Photoshop software. A total of 27 samples (three replicates of each shade of the nine tabs selected) were matched with a digital shade guide prepared from the digital images of the second shade guide by 10 observers on a computer screen (computerised matching method). The 10 observers also matched the same shade tabs using the conventional matching method simulated in a phantom head. In addition, colour values were obtained from the digital images using Adobe Photoshop and quantified according to an internationally recognised scale as CIELAB colour values, L*,a*,b*. The relationship of the digitally derived CIELAB values to the CIELAB values obtained using a reflectance spectrophotometer was investigated.


RESULTS
The cross tabulation statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the conventional method and the computer method with a 43% and 61.1% correct match respectively. There was also a statistically significant difference between observers in both methods (p<0.001 and p<0.04 for the conventional and computer methods respectively). A statistically significant high correlation of the CIELAB colour values were found between both colour measurement methods (p<0.001).


CONCLUSIONS
The observers' shade matching performance was significantly better with the computer method compared with the conventional one. There was a large variation in the observers' matching ability. The digital camera can be used as a means of colour measurements in the dental clinic.
Jarad
F D
FD
Liverpool University Dental Hospital, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5PS. f.jarad@liverpool.ac.uk
Russell
M D
MD
Moss
B W
BW
D003116:Color; D003124:Colorimetry; D003142:Communication; D003199:Computer Systems; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D017267:Dental Prosthesis Design / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D003793:Dental Restoration, Permanent / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D003765:Models, Dental; D015588:Observer Variation; D010781:Photography; D017797:Prosthesis Coloring / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D013053:Spectrophotometry
D003776:Dental Porcelain