Rapid effects of rosiglitazone treatment on endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers.
BACKGROUND
Antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs), like rosiglitazone or pioglitazone, improve endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome, but it is currently unknown, whether these beneficial effects of TZDs depend on their metabolic action or may be caused by direct effects on the endothelium. Therefore, the present study examined whether short-term rosiglitazone treatment influences endothelium-dependent vasodilation as well as serum levels of vascular disease biomarkers in healthy, nondiabetic subjects.


RESULTS
Short-term treatment (21 days) of healthy subjects (n = 10) did not significantly change blood glucose levels or lipid profile. In contrast, rosiglitazone significantly increased flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation already within the first day from 5.3+/-2.7% at baseline to 7.8+/-2.6%, further increasing it to 9.4+/-3.0% at day 21. In addition, the early improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation was paralleled by a rapid reduction of serum levels of the biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and sE-selectin. Moreover, after drug withdrawal all markers remained suppressed for the whole follow-up period of 7 days. In contrast, rosiglitazone treatment did not significantly affect tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sCD40L levels.


CONCLUSIONS
Our study suggests a direct effect of TZD treatment on endothelial function and inflammatory biomarkers of arteriosclerosis, promoting the concept that TZDs, independent of their metabolic action, may exhibit protective effects in the vessel wall.
Hetzel
Jürgen
J
Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Balletshofer
Bernd
B
Rittig
Kilian
K
Walcher
Daniel
D
Kratzer
Wolfgang
W
Hombach
Vinzenz
V
Häring
Hans-Ulrich
HU
Koenig
Wolfgang
W
Marx
Nikolaus
N
D000328:Adult; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077154:Rosiglitazone; D002097:C-Reactive Protein