[Micturating cystourethrography--are the practical routines in accordance with empirical knowledge?].
BACKGROUND
Micturating cystourethrography (MCUG) is a radiological examination of the urethra, bladder and kidneys frequently performed in children. The examination is known to be distressing for the child as well as parents and staff. The literature shows that proper information to both children and parents and the use of distraction techniques during the MCUG can lessen the children's distress and increase their cooperation. The use of sedation makes MCUG less distressing for the child, with very few side effects and no negative effects on the outcome of the examination. The aim was to study how Norwegian university hospitals apply empirical knowledge in their MCUG routines.


METHODS
The study is based on observations of MCUG examinations of six children, mean age 3 years (range 6 months to 8 years). A questionnaire on MCUG routines and use of written information was completed by six departments of radiology.


RESULTS
All the hospitals sent written information, though of varying quality and only in Norwegian, to patients/parents before the MCUG. The hospitals reported the use of different types of distraction techniques. Sedation with midazolam was used in all the hospitals, but the frequency varied from 6% to 75% of the examined children.


CONCLUSIONS
The MCUG routines in Norwegian university hospitals are to varying extent in accordance with empirical recommendations; there is still scope for improvements with regard to written and oral information, distraction techniques and sedation.
Barne- og ungdomspsykiatrisk seksjon, Barneklinikken, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo.
Elise Christine
EC
Bjørkholen
Cecilie Øvland
CØ
Gravdahl
Inger Helene
IH
Vandvik
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019359:Knowledge; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011859:Radiography; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014521:Urethra / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014554:Urination
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam