Chronic ethanol consumption impairs learning and memory after cessation of ethanol.
Acute consumption of ethanol results in reversible changes in learning and memory whereas chronic ethanol consumption of six or more months produces permanent deficits and neural damage in rodents. The goal of the current paper was determine whether shorter durations of chronic ethanol ingestion in mice would produce long-term deficits in learning and memory after the cessation of ethanol. We first examined the effects of four and eight weeks of 20% ethanol followed by a three week withdrawal period on learning and memory in mice. We determined that three weeks after eight, but not four, weeks of 20% ethanol consumption resulted in deficits in learning and long-term memory (seven days) in T-maze footshock avoidance and Greek Cross brightness discrimination, step-down passive avoidance and shuttlebox active avoidance. Short-term memory (1 hr) was not affected. The deficit was not related to changes in thiamine status, caloric intake, or nonmnemonic factors, such as, activity or footshock sensitivity. Lastly, we examined if the mice recovered after longer durations of withdrawal. After eight weeks of ethanol, we compared mice after three and 12 weeks of withdrawal. Mice that had been off ethanol for both three and 12 weeks were impaired in T-maze footshock avoidance compared to the controls. The current results indicate that a duration of ethanol consumption as short as eight weeks produces deficits in learning and memory that are present 12 weeks after withdrawal.
Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63109, USA. Farrsa52@aol.com
Susan A
SA
Farr
Jeffrey F
JF
Scherrer
William A
WA
Banks
James F
JF
Flood
John E
JE
Morley
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004597:Electroshock; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D051379:Mice; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology*; D013997:Time Factors
D000431:Ethanol