Long-term outcome of ph-negative acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adults: a single centre experience.
OBJECTIVE
In adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), unlike in childhood ALL, the percentage of long-term remitters and survivors has not improved significantly over the last decades. In the present analysis, we describe a series of adult ALL patients consecutively treated with the same regimen in order to analyse prognostic factors and treatment outcome as well as to define new risk-oriented strategies.


METHODS
From 1990 to 1998, 102 newly diagnosed ALL patients were referred to our division, 83 of them were eligible for the present study. Median age was 31 years (range 13-76); 77.1% had B-lineage ALL and 22.9% T-lineage ALL; 36.1% showed associated myeloid markers. All patients received an induction phase treatment, consisting of a 4-week cycle with vincristine, daunorubicin, L-asparaginase and desametasone; the consolidation phase included cyclophosphamide, cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine and central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis, followed by three of months maintenance (methotrexate + 6-mercaptopurine), re-induction (4-week cycle with vincristine, adriamicin, desametasone), and 2-year maintenance with methotrexate + 6-mercaptopurine.


RESULTS
Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 66 patients (79.5%); 20.5% of patients were resistant. The relapse rate was 60.2%. There were 10 CNS relapses (accounting for 12% of all patients, 15% of all CRs and 20% of all relapses). One patient had an ovarian and 2 had a breast relapse. Eleven patients remained in first continuous CR after chemotherapy. Median overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 1.8 and 1.0 years, respectively, with a median follow-up of 5.6 years (range 0.3-12.1). Initial white blood cell count </=30 x 10(9)/l, age <35 years, and time to complete remission </=40 days were the most significant prognostic factors for OS (p < 0.05). These three characteristics defined a group of patients with a better prognosis (5-year OS: 58%). They represented, however, only 18% in this series of adult patients.


CONCLUSIONS
In our cohort, we were able to define a small subgroup of adult ALL patients with a better outcome. However, the majority of patients is at a high risk of failure when treated with standard protocols. There is a need for new, more active regimens for these patients.
Castagnola
Carlo
C
Division of Haematology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. castagnola@smatteo.pv.it
Lunghi
Monia
M
Caberlon
Sabrina
S
Bonfichi
Maurizio
M
Pascutto
Cristiana
C
Lazzarino
Mario
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome