Fate and mobility of pharmaceuticals in solid matrices.
The sorption and mobility of six pharmaceuticals were investigated in two soil types with different organic carbon and clay content, and in bacterial biomass (aerobic and anaerobic). The pharmaceuticals examined were carbamazepine, propranolol, diclofenac sodium, clofibric acid, sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin. The sorption experiments were performed according to the OECD test Guideline 106. The distribution coefficients determined by this batch equilibrium method varied with the pharmaceutical tested and the solid matrix type. Ofloxacin was particularly strongly adsorbed (except of the case of using anaerobic biomass for the solid matrix) while clofibric acid was found to be weakly adsorbed. The fate of pharmaceuticals in soil was also assessed using lysimeters. Important parameters that were studied were: the pharmaceutical loading rate and the hydraulic loading rate for adsorption and the rate and duration of a "rain" event for desorption. Major differences in the mobility of the six pharmaceuticals were observed and correlated with the adsorption/desorption properties of the compounds.
Drillia
Panagiota
P
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Karatheodori 1, 26500 Patras, Greece.
Stamatelatou
Katerina
K
Lyberatos
Gerasimos
G
D000327:Adsorption; D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon; D000077215:Clay; D002995:Clofibric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000737:chemistry; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry*; D011433:Propranolol / Q000737:chemistry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D012987:Soil; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000737:chemistry; D014872:Water Movements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D004008:Diclofenac; D002220:Carbamazepine; D002995:Clofibric Acid; D002244:Carbon; D011433:Propranolol; D015242:Ofloxacin; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D000077215:Clay