Effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists on acute morphine-induced and l-methadone-induced antinociception in mice.
Although N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists clearly attenuate the development of tolerance to the antinociceptive effects of opioids, it is not clear whether they also alter acute opioid-induced antinociception. The present study was designed to assess NMDA/opioid interactions in C57BL/6 mice by examining various NMDA receptor antagonists of different selectivity in combination with the mu opioid receptor agonists morphine and l-methadone. A mouse hot plate procedure was used to assess the effects of morphine (0.1 to 10.0 mg/kg) and l-methadone (0.1 to 5.6 mg/kg) alone and after pretreatment with the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 (0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg), the glycine site NMDA receptor antagonist R(+)-HA-966 (10.0 to 56.0 mg/kg), or the polyamine site and NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonist ifenprodil (3.2 to 10.0 mg/kg). Morphine and l-methadone produced dose- and time-dependent increases in 56 degrees C hot plate latencies. At the doses tested, the NMDA receptor antagonists produced no effect on hot plate latencies. However, when these drugs were combined with morphine, latency to respond to the hot plate was significantly increased from morphine alone. Combinations of the NMDA receptor antagonist LY235959 and l-methadone produced similar increases in hot plate latencies; however, combinations of l-methadone with R(+)-HA-966 or ifenprodil did not increase hot plate latencies compared with l-methadone alone. These results suggest that a range of NMDA receptor antagonists potentiate morphine-induced antinociception, although the potentiation of l-methadone might be specific to the antagonist examined.


CONCLUSIONS
The inclusion of low-dose NMDA receptor antagonists to opioids might be beneficial for the treatment of acute pain by enhancing the antinociceptive effects of the opioid.
Fischer
Bradford D
BD
Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3270, USA. bfischer@email.unc.edu
Carrigan
Kelly A
KA
Dykstra
Linda A
LA
D000698:Analgesia; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007546:Isoquinolines / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D018009:Receptors, Glycine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D007546:Isoquinolines; C121001:NR2B NMDA receptor; D010880:Piperidines; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D018009:Receptors, Glycine; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D009020:Morphine; C088643:LY 235959; C001369:1-hydroxy-3-amino-2-pyrrolidone; C010739:ifenprodil; D008691:Methadone