Break-technique handheld dynamometry: relation between angular velocity and strength measurements.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether the muscle strength, as measured with break-technique handheld dynamometry (HHD), is dependent on the angular velocity achieved during testing and to compare reliability at different angular velocities.


METHODS
Repeated-measures study. Participants underwent HHD by using make-technique (isometric) and break-technique (eccentric) dynamometry at 3 prespecified angular velocities. Elbow movement was recorded with an electrogoniometer.


METHODS
Inpatient spinal cord injury unit.


METHODS
Convenience sample of 20 persons with tetraplegia with weakness of elbow flexors or extensors.


METHODS
Not applicable.


METHODS
Elbow angular velocity and muscle strength recorded during HHD.


RESULTS
With the break technique, angular velocities averaging 15 degrees , 33 degrees , and 55 degrees /s produced 16%, 30%, and 51% greater strength measurements, respectively, than velocities recorded by using the make technique (all P < .006 for comparisons between successive techniques). The intraclass correlation coefficient for intrarater reliability was .89 or greater for all testing techniques.


CONCLUSIONS
Greater strength is recorded with faster angular velocities during HHD. Differences in angular velocity may explain the wide range previously reported for break- versus make-technique strength measurements. Variation in angular velocity is a potential source of variability in serial HHD strength measurements, and for this reason the make technique may be preferable.
Spinal Cord Injury Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound health Care System, Seattle. WA 98108, USA. spburns@u.washington.edu
Stephen P
SP
Burns
David E
DE
Spanier
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004550:Elbow / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012046:Rehabilitation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology*