Bowel colonization with resistant gram-negative bacilli after antimicrobial therapy of intra-abdominal infections: observations from two randomized comparative clinical trials of ertapenem therapy.
The selection of resistant gram-negative bacilli by broad-spectrum antibiotic use is a major issue in infection control. The aim of this comparative study was to assess the impact of different antimicrobial regimens commonly used to treat intra-abdominal infections on the susceptibility patterns of gram-negative bowel flora after completion of therapy. In two international randomized open-label trials with laboratory blinding, adults with complicated intra-abdominal infection requiring surgery received piperacillin-tazobactam (OASIS 1) or ceftriaxone/metronidazole (OASIS II) versus ertapenem for 4-14 days. Rectal swabs were obtained at baseline, end of therapy, and 2 weeks post-therapy. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. were tested for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). Enterobacteriaceae resistant to the agent used were recovered from 19 of 156 (12.2%) piperacillin-tazobactam recipients at the end of therapy compared to 1 (0.6%) patient at baseline (p<0.001) in OASIS I, and from 33 of 193 (17.1%) ceftriaxone/metronidazole recipients at the end of therapy compared to 5 (2.6%) patients at baseline (p<0.001) in OASIS II. Ertapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from 1 of 155 and 1 of 196 ertapenem recipients at the end of therapy versus 0 and 1 ertapenem recipients at baseline in OASIS I and II, respectively. Resistant Enterobacteriaceae emerged significantly less often during treatment with ertapenem than with the comparator in both OASIS I (p<0.001) and OASIS II (p<0.001). The prevalence of ESBL-producers increased significantly during therapy in OASIS II among 193 ceftriaxone/metronidazole recipients (from 4 [2.1%] to 18 [9.3%]) (p<0.001), whereas no ertapenem recipient was colonized with an ESBL-producer at the end of therapy in either study. Selection for imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was uncommon in all treatment groups. In these studies, the frequency of bowel colonization with resistant Enterobacteriaceae substantially increased in patients treated with either piperacillin-tazobactam or ceftriaxone/metronidazole, but not in patients treated with ertapenem.
Dinubile
M J
MJ
Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA. mark_dinubile@merck.com
Friedland
I
I
Chan
C Y
CY
Motyl
M R
MR
Giezek
H
H
Shivaprakash
M
M
Weinstein
R A
RA
Quinn
J P
JP
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002353:Carrier State; D002443:Ceftriaxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077727:Ertapenem; D005260:Female; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D007769:Lactams / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D047090:beta-Lactams
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D007769:Lactams; D047090:beta-Lactams; D008795:Metronidazole; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D002443:Ceftriaxone; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000077727:Ertapenem; D010878:Piperacillin