Urothelial injury to the rabbit bladder caused by calcium dissolving agents including two new citrate solutions.
We compared the urothelial injury to the bladder caused by four agents capable of dissolving calcium salts. The solutions were administrated in an antegrade way through left ureterostomies in 54 rabbits for periods of 24, 48 and 72 h. The bladders were then removed and three routine histological sections were made for each. The following six solutions were used: physiological sodium chloride solution (Phys), artificial urine (Art), 0.03 M disodium EDTA buffered to pH 8.5 with triethanolamine (EDTA), 10% Renacidin (R), test solution 2 (S2, using D-gluconic acid-lactone and other compounds that differ from R in terms of ingredients or quantity), and test solution 1 (S1, using D-gluconic-acid instead of D-gluconic acid-lactone in S2 but keeping the other ingredients the same) for irrigation. At 24 h there was no observable urothelial damage caused by perfusion with Phys or Art; solutions R, S1 and S2 caused approximately the same level of injury to the rabbit bladder mucosa; however, irrigation with disodium-EDTA caused more serious urothelial injury than R, S1 and S2 (P<0.05, chi2-test) and may be unacceptable. The damage to bladder tissues treated with S1 and S2 was less than that caused by R, but this was not significant (P>0.05, chi2-test). Following a prolonged irrigation time, all of these solutions cause further urothelial damage, but EDTA caused the most, followed by R, S1, S2, Phys or Art, respectively, at 48 and 72 h. In view of the better solubility effect of solutions S1 and S2 compared with R, it might be justified in accepting the more pronounced urothelial irritation caused these solutions, but in order to enhance their effectiveness and reduce urothelial injury further study will be needed.
Zhang
Xiang-bo
XB
School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, 730030, China.
Wang
Zhi-ping
ZP
Duan
Jian-min
JM
Duan
Guo-lan
GL
Shi
Ting-kai
TK
Lu
Jian-zhong
JZ
Ma
Bao-liang
BL
D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000633:toxicity; D002951:Citrates / Q000633:toxicity*; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*; D005942:Gluconates / Q000633:toxicity; D008274:Magnesium / Q000633:toxicity; D011817:Rabbits; D012995:Solubility; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy*
D002951:Citrates; D005942:Gluconates; C026485:hemiacidrin; C005479:magnesium carbonate; D004492:Edetic Acid; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D008274:Magnesium; C030691:gluconic acid