Applications of phase-contrast flow and velocity imaging in cardiovascular MRI.
A review of cardiovascular clinical and research applications of MRI phase-contrast velocity imaging, also known as velocity mapping or flow imaging. Phase-contrast basic principles, advantages, limitations, common pitfalls and artefacts are described. It can measure many different aspects of the complicated blood flow in the heart and vessels: volume flow (cardiac output, shunt, valve regurgitation), peak blood velocity (for stenosis), patterns and timings of velocity waveforms and flow distributions within heart chambers (abnormal ventricular function) and vessels (pulse-wave velocity, vessel wall disease). The review includes phase-contrast applications in cardiac function, heart valves, congenital heart diseases, major blood vessels, coronary arteries and myocardial wall velocity.
Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. p.gatehouse@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk
Peter D
PD
Gatehouse
Jennifer
J
Keegan
Lindsey A
LA
Crowe
Sharmeen
S
Masood
Raad H
RH
Mohiaddin
Karl-Friedrich
KF
Kreitner
David N
DN
Firmin
D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011859:Radiography