Driving under the influence of chlormethiazole.
This article describes a case of driving under the influence of the sedative-hypnotic-anticonvulsant drug chlormethiazole. The suspect, who was a physician, was driving dangerously on a busy highway and caused a traffic collision. When apprehended by the police, the man had bloodshot and glazed eyes and pupil size was enlarged. He could not answer the questions properly and his gait was unsteady. A roadside breath-alcohol screening test was positive but an evidential breath-alcohol test conducted about one hour later was below the legal limit for driving of 0.10 mg/L (10 microg/100 mL or 0.021 g/210 L). Because of the special circumstances of the traffic crash and the man's appearance and behaviour, the police suspected that drugs other than alcohol were involved and obtained a venous blood sample for toxicological analysis. The blood contained 0.23 mg/g alcohol, which is above the legal limit for driving in Sweden 0.20 mg/g (20 mg/100 mL or 0.020 g/100 mL), and codeine was also present at a therapeutic concentration of 0.02 mg/L. The conflict between the clinical signs of impairment and the toxicology report prompted a reanalysis of the blood sample with major focus on sedative-hypnotic drugs. Analysis by capillary GC-NPD identified chlormethiazole at a concentration of 5mg/L, the highest so far encountered in traffic cases in Sweden. In 13 other impaired driving cases over 10 years the mean (median) and range of concentrations of chlormethiazole were 1.6 mg/L (1.6 mg/L) and 0.3-3.3 mg/L. This case report underscores the need to consider clinical observations and the person's behaviour in relation to the toxicology report when interpreting and testifying in drug-impaired driving cases.
Department of Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden. wayne.jones@RMV.se
Alan Wayne
AW
Jones
D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001944:Breath Tests; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D002719:Chlormethiazole / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000097:blood* / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010815:Physician Impairment; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013548:Sweden
D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D002719:Chlormethiazole; D000431:Ethanol