When to initiate antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected adults: a review for clinicians and patients.
One of the most controversial topics in the medical management of HIV disease is the optimal time to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-1-infected adults. Premature exposure to antiretrovirals may precipitate early evolution of resistance and unnecessary side-effects, whereas remaining off HAART until late in the course of HIV disease may lead to reduced therapeutic benefits and elevated mortality. The lack of a randomised clinical trial to consider this issue has resulted in ongoing revision of expert recommendations and substantial variability between international consensus guidelines regarding the optimal time to initiate therapy. Since this uncertainty is a source of unease for both patients and clinicians, we summarise the latest evidence regarding the optimal time to initiate HAART with consideration of the potential benefits and drawbacks of starting HIV treatment at the different levels presently recommended in leading consensus guidelines.
Wood
Evan
E
British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
Hogg
Robert S
RS
Harrigan
P Richard
PR
Montaner
Julio S G
JS
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D012367:RNA, Viral