Three-dimensional nasal changes following nasoalveolar molding in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate: geometric morphometrics.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate three-dimensional changes in nasal morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate treated with presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) to correct naso-labio-alveolar deformity.


METHODS
This was a prospective, longitudinal study. Digital stereophotogrammetry was used to capture three-dimensional facial images, and x, y, and z coordinates of 28 nasal landmarks were digitized.


METHODS
Ten patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.


METHODS
Nasal form changes between T1 (age: 28 +/- 2 days, pre-NAM) and T2 (age: 140 +/- 2 days, post-NAM), using conventional measurements and finite-element scaling analysis.


RESULTS
Overall nasal changes were statistically different (p < .01), but no linear or curvilinear changes were found. Specifically, relative size increases were found on the noncleft side, involving the upper nose (30%), alar depth (20%), alar dome (30%), columella height (30%), and lateral wall of the nostril (17%). On the cleft side, the following showed a size increase: upper nose (8%), alar dome (5%), columella height (30%), and lateral wall of the nostril (30%). The cleft-side alar curvature, however, showed a large decrease in size (80%), but no changes on the noncleft side were found. Corresponding shape changes and angular changes were also found.


CONCLUSIONS
Using NAM, bilateral nasal symmetry in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate was improved before surgical repair. Furthermore, slight overcorrection of the alar dome on the cleft side using pressure exerted by the nasal stent is indicated to maintain the NAM result.
Singh
G Dave
GD
Center for Craniofacial Disorders and School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico. gdsingh@rcm.upr.edu
Levy-Bercowski
Daniel
D
Santiago
Pedro E
PE
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000543:Alveoloplasty; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015508:Nasal Obstruction / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000473:pathology; D009666:Nose / Q000473:pathology; D011184:Postoperative Period; D025363:Rhinomanometry; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric