Isolation and identification of (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxyyessotoxin from Protoceratium reticulatum, and its occurrence in extracts of shellfish from New Zealand, Norway and Canada.
44,55-Dihydroxyyessotoxin (1) was isolated from extracts of Protoceratium reticulatum and identified by analysis of its one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectra. In addition, LC-MS methods revealed the presence of compounds tentatively identified as (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxy-41a-homoyessotoxin (2) and (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxy-9-methyl-41a-homoyessotoxin (3). LC-MS analyses indicate that 1 is a constituent of P. reticulatum in New Zealand and Norway, and it was present in three species of mussels from New Zealand, Norway, and Canada.
AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Sarah C
SC
Finch
Alistair L
AL
Wilkins
Allan D
AD
Hawkes
Dwayne J
DJ
Jensen
A Lincoln
AL
MacKenzie
Veronica
V
Beuzenberg
Michael A
MA
Quilliam
Christine D
CD
Olseng
Ingunn A
IA
Samdal
John
J
Aasen
Andrew I
AI
Selwood
Janine M
JM
Cooney
Morten
M
Sandvik
Christopher O
CO
Miles
D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D009520:New Zealand; D009664:Norway; D035964:Oxocins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000633:toxicity*
D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D008387:Marine Toxins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; C066632:yessotoxin