Systems with escapes.
There are two types of escapes in conservative dynamical systems with two degrees of freedom: escapes to infinity and escapes to certain singular points at a finite distance. In both cases the areas on a surface of section are not preserved. We consider the basins of escape to infinity in simple Hamiltonian systems. The initial conditions of orbits escaping after 1, 2, ... intersections with a surface of section form in general spiral fractal sets. Then we consider the sets of escapes into two fixed black holes for various values of the energy. The forms of these sets depend on the unstable periodic orbits and their asymptotic curves. We find the characteristics of the simple periodic orbits and their changes for various values of the energy.
Research Center of Astronomy, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece. gcontop@cc.uoa.gr
G
G
Contopoulos
M
M
Harsoula