An interaction between the TaqIB polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein and smoking is associated with changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in Turks.
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of the TaqIB polymorphism of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) on CETP activity and plasma HDL-C levels in random nondiabetic and self-reported diabetic subjects in a population with very low HDL-C levels. The rare B2B2 genotype was associated with significantly higher HDL-C levels and lower CETP activity in random subjects and with higher HDL-C in diabetic subjects. After stratification of random subjects by smoking status, the common B1B1 genotype was associated with lower HDL-C levels than the B2B2 genotype. Although smoking was associated with lower HDL-C, especially in men, HDL-C levels between smokers and nonsmokers were not different in subjects with the B1B2 or B2B2 genotypes. However, smoking (20+ cigarettes/day) was associated with a marked reduction in HDL-C in the B1B1 subjects. The B1B1/smoking interaction was not reflected in a difference in CETP activity. High triglycerides and elevated body mass index (BMI) lower HDL-C. The B2B2 genotype was associated with the highest HDL-C levels, and these levels were significantly lower in the hypertriglyceridemic subjects (>or=50th percentile). The lowest HDL-C levels were seen in hypertriglyceridemic subjects with the B1B1 genotype. Although BMI (>or=50th vs<50th percentile) did not affect HDL-C in B2B2 subjects, a high BMI was associated with markedly lower HDL-C in B1B1 subjects. Thus, HDL-C levels in Turks may be modulated by an interaction between the CETP TaqIB polymorphism and smoking, as well as an interaction with hypertriglyceridemia and BMI.
Hodoğlugil
U
U
Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Williamson
D W
DW
Huang
Y
Y
Mahley
R W
RW
D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood*; D014421:Turkey
C506642:CETP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D053480:Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D006023:Glycoproteins