Clinical evidence for the safety of GAD65 immunomodulation in adult-onset autoimmune diabetes.
The purpose of this Phase II study was to evaluate if alum-formulated human recombinant GAD65 is safe and does not compromise beta cell function. The study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation clinical trial in a total of 47 Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) patients who received either placebo or 4, 20, 100, or 500 microg Diamyd subcutaneously at Weeks 1 and 4. Safety evaluations, including neurology, beta cell function tests, diabetes status assessment, hematology, biochemistry, and cellular and humoral immunological markers, were repeatedly assessed over 24 weeks. None of the patients had significant study-related adverse events (AE). Fasting c-peptide levels at 24 weeks were increased compared with placebo (P=.0015) in the 20 microg but not in the other dose groups. In addition, both fasting (P=.0081) and stimulated (P=.0236) c-peptide levels increased from baseline to 24 weeks in the 20 microg dose group. GADA log levels clearly increased (P=.0002) in response to 500 microg Diamyd. The (CD4+)(CD25+)/(CD4+)(CD25-) cell ratio increased (P=.0128) at 24 weeks in the 20 microg group. No sudden increase in HbA1c or plasma glucose or decrease in beta cell function was observed in any of the dose groups. These positive findings for clinical safety further support the clinical development of Diamyd as a therapeutic to prevent autoimmune diabetes.
Agardh
Carl-David
CD
Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital MAS, Malmö SE-205 02, Sweden. carl-david.agardh@endo.mas.lu.se
Cilio
Corrado M
CM
Lethagen
AsaLinda
A
Lynch
Kristian
K
Leslie
R David G
RD
Palmér
Mats
M
Harris
Robert A
RA
Robertson
John A
JA
Lernmark
Ake
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D001786:Blood Glucose; D005968:Glutamate Decarboxylase; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007527:Isoenzymes; C401141:glutamate decarboxylase 2