Drinking patterns are associated with variations in atherosclerotic risk factors in French men.
BACKGROUND
While a relationship between alcohol and cardiovascular risk factors is well established, data suggest that the type of alcoholic beverage could modulate this relationship.


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether drinking patterns modulate the relationship between alcohol and cardiovascular risk factors.


METHODS
We tested the relationship between preference of alcoholic beverages and atherosclerotic risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 2,126 men. A hierarchical clustering method determined six drinking patterns, 'low drinkers', 'high quality wines', 'beer and cider', 'digestives', 'local wines', and 'table wines', according to the preferential intake of alcoholic beverages. Logistic models estimated the relative risk of abnormal markers in the drinking patterns compared with low drinkers. Unadjusted estimates investigated the relationship with the cluster as a group, while adjustment on alcohol, nutritional and socio-demographic factors investigated the relationship with the preference of alcoholic beverage in itself.


RESULTS
Abstainers had high total plasma homocysteine (tHcy), even after full adjustment (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 2.8). Drinkers of high quality wine had low lipoprotein( a), high tHcy and high body mass index; beer and cider drinkers had high tHcy and waist circumference. Drinkers of digestives had high triacylglycerol; after adjustment they were at risk of low apolipoprotein A-I (OR = 3.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 7.3), and high tHcy (OR = 4.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 33.3). Local wines drinkers were similar to low drinkers. Table wine drinkers had high apolipoprotein B, high triacylglycerol, and high waist-to-hip ratio.


CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that preference of alcoholic beverage could indicate groups at specific risks of atherosclerotic disease.
U557, ISTNA, CNAM, 2 rue Conté, 75003, Paris, France.
P
P
Rouillier
S
S
Bertrais
J-J
JJ
Daudin
J-N
JN
Bacro
S
S
Hercberg
M-C
MC
Boutron-Ruault
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000434:Alcoholic Beverages / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001515:Beer; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012307:Risk Factors; D014920:Wine
D008055:Lipids; D006710:Homocysteine