Induction of apoptosis and endothelin-1 secretion in primary human lung endothelial cells by HIV-1 gp120 proteins.
Pulmonary hypertension associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection also involves injury to the lung endothelium. However, the pathogenesis of HIV-induced pulmonary hypertension is not known; we hypothesized that HIV or secreted viral proteins could play a role in vascular injury and the increased frequency of pulmonary hypertension observed in HIV-infected patients. Here, we report that exposure of HIV-1 gp120 proteins to primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells causes apoptosis, as assessed by TUNEL assay, Annexin-V staining, and DNA laddering. Using ribonuclease protection assay and Western blotting we find that gp120-induced apoptosis of lung endothelial cells involves a down-regulation in Bcl-xl mRNA and proteins. In addition, gp120 significantly increases secretion of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 by human lung endothelial cells. These data suggest that secreted HIV gp120 proteins induce lung endothelial cell injury and could contribute to the development of HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension.
Kanmogne
Georgette D
GD
Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. gkanmogne@unnmc.edu
Primeaux
Charles
C
Grammas
Paula
P
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
D019332:Endothelin-1; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120