Behavioural responses of calves to amputation dehorning with and without local anaesthesia.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the pain elicited by amputation dehorning and evaluate the effect of local anaesthesia by using changes in calf behaviour.


METHODS
The behaviour of 6-month-old Friesian calves (n = 60), subjected to control handling, dehorned or dehorned after local anaesthesia treatment, was monitored in this study. The proportion of calves displaying particular behaviours was recorded using instantaneous scan sampling during the first 10 h and between 26 and 29 h after treatment.


RESULTS
The three behaviours of tail flicking, head shaking and ear flicking displayed similar features with time according to treatment and appeared to occur in an inverse relation to rumination. Dehorned calves were highly restless for the first 6 h after treatment. A significantly greater proportion of them displayed tail flicking, head shaking and ear flicking than the control calves, which, by contrast, stood still and ruminated (P < 0.05). The behaviour of calves given local anaesthetic prior to dehorning was similar to that of the control calves for the first 2 h. Thereafter the proportion of calves displaying tail flicking, head shaking and ear flicking increased, rumination decreased, and the behaviour was similar to that of the dehorned calves.


CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that dehorning is a painful experience that lasts about 6 h and that local anaesthetic alleviates that pain during its period of action. It is recommended that local anaesthetic be administered when conducting amputation dehorning.
Animal Welfare Science and Bioethics Centre, College of Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
S P
SP
Sylvester
K J
KJ
Stafford
D J
DJ
Mellor
R A
RA
Bruce
R N
RN
Ward
D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000601:surgery; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006733:Horns / Q000601:surgery*; D007267:Injections / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine