Clostridial Rho-inhibiting protein toxins.
Rho proteins are master regulators of a large array of cellular functions, including control of cell morphology, cell migration and polarity, transcriptional activation, and cell cycle progression. They are the eukaryotic targets of various bacterial protein toxins and effectors, which activate or inactivate the GTPases. Here Rho-inactivating toxins and effectors are reviewed, including the families of large clostridial cytotoxins and C3-like transferases, which inactivate Rho GTPases by glucosylation and ADP-ribosylation, respectively.
Institut für Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany. klaus.aktories@pharmakol.uni-freiburg.de
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D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D003013:Clostridium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006031:Glycosylation; D006801:Humans; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D037521:Virulence Factors; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins