Maternal ethnicity, paternal ethnicity, and parental ethnic discordance: predictors of preeclampsia.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the association of maternal and paternal ethnicity as well as parental ethnic discordance with preeclampsia.


METHODS
Retrospective cohort study of all low-risk women delivered from 1995 to 1999 within a mature managed care organization. Rates of preeclampsia were calculated for maternal, paternal, and combined ethnicity using both univariate and multivariate analyses.


RESULTS
Among the 127,544 low-risk women, when examining maternal ethnicity in a multivariate model controlling for maternal age, parity, education, and gestational age, we found that the rates of preeclampsia were higher among African American (5.2%; odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-1.62) women and lower among Latina (4.0%; OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.84-0.97) and Asian women (3.5%; OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72-0.88), with all results being statistically significant as compared with white women. When paternal ethnicity was controlled for separately, however, the difference in the rate of preeclampsia among Asian women disappeared, the effect of African-American maternal ethnicity increased slightly (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.33-1.72), and Asian paternity was found to be associated with the lowest rate of preeclampsia (3.2%; OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.68-0.85). Further, parental ethnic discordance was associated with an increase in the rate of preeclampsia (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02 - 1.26).


CONCLUSIONS
We found that rates of preeclampsia were lower with Asian paternal ethnicity. We also found that having a differing paternal and maternal ethnicity was associated with increased rates of preeclampsia. For every 1,000 pregnancies, there would be approximately 10 fewer cases of preeclampsia in the setting of Asian paternity and 5 more cases of preeclampsia in the setting of parental ethnic discordance. These differences may be useful in further investigation of the cause of preeclampsia.


METHODS
II-2.
Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA. abcmd@berkeley.edu
Aaron B
AB
Caughey
Naomi E
NE
Stotland
A Eugene
AE
Washington
Gabriel J
GJ
Escobar
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D005220:Fathers; D005260:Female; D018392:Genomic Imprinting / Q000235:genetics*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008423:Maternal Age; D009035:Mothers; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010298:Parity; D011225:Pre-Eclampsia / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment