Sumanirole, a highly dopamine D2-selective receptor agonist: in vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization and efficacy in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that sumanirole is a novel dopamine receptor agonist with high in vitro and in vivo selectivity for the D(2) receptor subtype. Sumanirole, (R)-5,6-dihydro-5-(methylamino)-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one (Z)-2-butenedioate (1:1), is unique; it has greater than 200-fold selectivity for the D(2) receptor subtype versus the other dopamine receptor subtypes in radioligand binding assays. In cell-based assays, sumanirole is a fully efficacious agonist, with EC(50) values between 17 and 75 nM. In animals, sumanirole elicits many physiological responses attributed to D(2)-like receptor function. In rats, sumanirole is a full agonist for elevation of striatal acetylcholine levels (ED(50) = 12.1 micromol/kg i.p.). Sumanirole s.c. dose dependently decreased plasma prolactin levels and depressed dopamine neuron firing rates in the substantia nigra pars compacta with an ED(50) of 2.3 micromol/kg i.v. This high selectivity for D(2) receptors translates into excellent locomotor stimulant activity in animal models of Parkinson's disease. In reserpinized, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine-treated rats, sumanirole caused a significant and sustained increase in horizontal activity at doses > or =12.5 micromol/kg s.c. In unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats, sumanirole caused profound, sustained rotational behavior and was substantially more efficacious than any other agonist tested. Sumanirole-stimulated rotational behavior was blocked by the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol. Sumanirole dose dependently improved disability scores and locomotor activities of two of three 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-lesioned monkeys. In summary, sumanirole is the first published selective D(2) receptor agonist. The compound has activity in animal models of dopamine hypofunction and has a high level of efficacy in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
McCall
Robert B
RB
Pfizer, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA. robert.b.mccall@pfizer.com
Lookingland
Keith J
KJ
Bédard
Paul J
PJ
Huff
Rita M
RM
D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016466:CHO Cells; D006224:Cricetinae; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D020267:MPTP Poisoning / Q000188:drug therapy; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010302:Parkinson Disease, Secondary / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000819:agonists*
D001562:Benzimidazoles; D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; C108539:U 95666E