Nicotine antagonizes caffeine- but not pentylenetetrazole-induced anxiogenic effect in mice.
BACKGROUND
Nicotine and caffeine are widely consumed licit psychoactive drugs worldwide. Epidemiological studies showed that they were generally used concurrently. Although some studies in experimental animals indicate clear pharmacological interactions between them, no studies have shown a specific interaction on anxiety responses.


OBJECTIVE
The present study investigates the effects of nicotine on anxiety induced by caffeine and another anxiogenic drug, pentylenetetrazole, in mice. The elevated plus-maze (EPM) test was used to evaluate the effects of drugs on anxiety.


METHODS
Adult male Swiss Webster mice (25-32 g) were given nicotine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg s.c.) or saline 10 min before caffeine (70 mg/kg i.p.) or pentylenetetrazole (15 and 30 mg/kg i.p.) injections. After 15 min, mice were evaluated for their open- and closed-arm time and entries on the EPM for a 10-min session. Locomotor activity was recorded for individual groups by using the same treatment protocol with the EPM test.


RESULTS
Nicotine (0.05-0.25 mg/kg) itself did not produce any significant effect in the EPM test, whereas caffeine (70 mg/kg) and pentylenetetrazole (30 mg/kg) produced an anxiogenic effect, apparent with decreases in open-arm time and entry. Nicotine (0.25 mg/kg) pretreatment blocked the caffeine- but not pentylenetetrazole-induced anxiety. Administration of each drug and their combinations did not produce any effect on locomotor activity.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the antagonistic effect of nicotine on caffeine-induced anxiety is specific to caffeine, instead of a non-specific anxiolytic effect. Thus, it may extend the current findings on the interaction between nicotine and caffeine.
Kayir
Hakan
H
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Faculty of Medicine, Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Etlik, 06018 Ankara, Turkey.
Uzbay
I Tayfun
IT
D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D002110:Caffeine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology
D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D002110:Caffeine; D009538:Nicotine; D010433:Pentylenetetrazole