Cigarette smoking among marijuana users in the United States.
The vast majority of drug users smoke cigarettes. Most use marijuana and no other illicit drug. We analyzed adult responses to the 1997 NHSDA (n = 16,661) to explore relationships between marijuana use and cigarette smoking. Multivariate analyses controlled for other illicit drug use and other potential covariates. Nearly three-quarters of current marijuana users (74%) smoked cigarettes. Compared to nonusers, the adjusted odds of being a smoker were 5.43 for current marijuana users, 3.58 for past year marijuana users, and 2.02 for former marijuana users. Odds for cigarette smoking among current poly-drug users, compared to nonusers, were 2.3 to 1. Level of cigarette smoking was directly associated with frequency of marijuana use. Nationwide, an estimated 7 million adults smoke both substances and are at increased risk for respiratory illnesses and mortality. Cigarette smoking is a major co-morbidity of marijuana use and smoking cessation should be addressed among marijuana users in addition to their other illicit drug involvement.
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Cetner, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1008, Kansas City, KS 66160-7313, USA. krichter@kumc.edu
Kimber P
KP
Richter
Haroshena
H
Kaur
Ken
K
Resnicow
Niaman
N
Nazir
Michael C
MC
Mosier
Jasjit S
JS
Ahluwalia
D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008297:Male; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000534:rehabilitation
D013287:Illicit Drugs