Minor physical anomalies are not increased in the offspring of mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence and type of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) in infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).


METHODS
Each trimester, pregnant women with SLE were assessed for disease activity, prescribed drug use, and exposure to tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs through a self reported questionnaire. Infant examinations were performed on 30/39 (77%) live births in women with SLE and the incidence of MPAs determined.


RESULTS
2/30 (7%) patients had three or more MPAs; 4 (13%) had two; 7 (23%) had one; and 17 (57%) had none. One in three women reported alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use. Facial anomalies were the most common MPAs. The relative risk and 95% confidence interval for any MPA were 2.05 (0.99 to 4.26) for tobacco use; 1.95 (0.92 to 4.11) for alcohol use; 1.36 (0.165 to 11.23) for maternal disease flare; 0.63 (0.27 to 1.47) for prednisone use; and 0.72 (0.21 to 2.44) for aspirin use.


CONCLUSIONS
13/30 (43%) infants had minor anomalies-a similar incidence to that of the general population. Counselling for preventable self reported exposure is advisable in addition to counselling specifically for lupus management during pregnancy.
Northwestern University/The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago IL 60611, USA.
P N
PN
Bonaminio
R
R
de Regnier
E
E
Chang
N
N
Day
S
S
Manzi
R
R
Ramsey-Goldman
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000188:drug therapy; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011446:Prospective Studies; D050497:Stillbirth
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001241:Aspirin; D011241:Prednisone