Epidemiology of suicide in Austria 1990-2000: general decrease, but increased suicide risk for old men.
OBJECTIVE
The epidemiology of suicide in Austria, 1990-2000, was investigated.


RESULTS
In comparison with 1980-1990, an overall decrease in the incidence of suicide was found. The annual averages for male, female, and total suicide rates were 32.2, 11.0, and 21.3, respectively, representing decreases of 17.6%, 25.7%, and 19.3%. Decreases were observed in all age groups except for males aged 80-84 years, where the suicide rate was 123.5 (15.1% increase), and for males aged 85 years or over, where the rate was 148.9 (25.4% increase). Hanging is still the most frequently used suicide method in Austria, despite steady decreases during recent decades. During the 1990s, hanging was used in 47.5% of male suicides and 34.8% of female cases. Shooting is the next most common method for male suicides (23.5% of cases) and has become more frequent for both sexes.


CONCLUSIONS
The main findings reveal that the decrease in suicide incidence in Austria is greater for females than for males, reflecting the increased suicide risk within the oldest male age groups. This population subgroup should thus be a particular target for suicide-prevention efforts in Austria. A further aim within a national strategy for suicide prevention should be to stop the increased use of shooting as a suicide method.
Furtbach Hospital for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Stuttgart, Germany. etzersdorfer@fbkh.org
Elmar
E
Etzersdorfer
Martin
M
Voracek
Nestor
N
Kapusta
Gernot
G
Sonneck
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000401:mortality*; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003644:Death Certificates; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013405:Suicide / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000401:mortality*