Phenotyping of cytomegalovirus drug resistance mutations by using recombinant viruses incorporating a reporter gene.
A new recombinant phenotyping method was developed for the analysis of drug resistance mutations in human cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV strain T2211 was derived from strain AD169 by inserting unique restriction sites and a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene for rapid viral quantitation. Specific viral UL97 and pol gene mutations were transferred by recombination into T2211, and their drug resistance phenotypes (for ganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir) were determined by the drug concentrations required to reduce supernatant SEAP activity by 50% (IC50). Changes in the IC50 conferred by the mutations tested (UL97 M460V, C592G, A594V, and L595S and pol del981-2) were similar to those previously reported in marker transfer and conventional plaque reduction assays. The combination of UL97 C592G and pol del981-2 conferred much higher ganciclovir resistance than either mutation alone. The UL97 polymorphism D605E had no measurable effect on ganciclovir susceptibility, alone or in combination with common UL97 resistance mutations. Transfer into strain T2211 facilitates the phenotyping of newly observed mutations, combinations of mutations, and clinical CMV sequences without an accompanying viral isolate.
Chou
Sunwen
S
Medical and Research Services, VA Medical Center and Oregon Health and Science University, P3ID 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. chous@ohsu.edu
Van Wechel
Laura C
LC
Lichy
Heather M
HM
Marousek
Gail I
GI
D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D015684:Gene Products, pol / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000235:genetics; D011995:Recombination, Genetic
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015684:Gene Products, pol; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); C075365:ganciclovir kinase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase