A new quality-of-life measure for men experiencing involuntary childlessness.
BACKGROUND
Infertility may considerably reduce quality-of-life. Many of the existing generic quality-of-life measures, which often focus on physical impairments, do not represent the specific complaints of infertile patients. In this article, we report on the development and validation of the TLMK (Tübinger Lebensqualitätsfragebogen für Männer mit Kinderwunsch), an instrument for measuring quality-of-life in male patients with involuntary childlessness.


METHODS
The first version of the questionnaire, which consisted of 91 items, was administered to 275 men who attended andrology and gynaecology clinics for fertility evaluations. After the questionnaires were scored, item analysis and reduction, principal component analysis and internal consistency analyses were conducted.


RESULTS
The final version of the TLMK consists of 35 items in four scales and provides an internally consistent quality-of-life profile for men experiencing involuntary childlessness. Convergent and discriminant validity was supported through the correlation of the TLMK scales with established questionnaires on life satisfaction (FLZ) and partnership (PFB).


CONCLUSIONS
The TLMK provides information about the quality-of-life in men experiencing involuntary childlessness and was found to be easy to administer and acceptable to patients. It may be used to assess patients' baseline and ongoing quality-of-life during fertility treatment and as an outcome variable in the evaluation of integrated psychological counselling.
Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany. stefan.schanz@med.uni-tuebingen.de
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S
Schanz
I T
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Baeckert-Sifeddine
C
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Braeunlich
S E
SE
Collins
A
A
Batra
S
S
Gebert
M
M
Hautzinger
G
G
Fierlbeck
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001290:Attitude; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000379:methods*; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000379:methods; D012107:Research Design; D012923:Social Class; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires