[Reinfection of tuberculosis in HIV-negative persons].
To clarify our knowledge about exogenous reinfection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in HIV-negative persons, we review the literatures on this issue as much as possible, and we deduce the following; 1) Risk of exogenous reinfection may be not rare in itself, but quantifiably determined by host factor, bacilli factor and intensity of exposure. 2) Generally, when already-infected persons are exposed to exogenous reinfection Mycobacterium tuberculosis, risk of disease due to the exposure is definitely lower than not-already-infected persons (estimated relative risk: 8.5%). But the protection rate can be similar with that of BCG vaccination under most favorable condition. 3) It cannot be concluded definitely that the tuberculosis disease in already-infected persons is almost always due to endogenous reactivation.
Ito
Kunihiko
K
Department of Research, Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA, 3-1-24, Matsuyama, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8533, Japan. ito@jata.or.jp
D001500:BCG Vaccine; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D006801:Humans; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000209:etiology; D014611:Vaccination
D001500:BCG Vaccine