Isolation and identification of (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxyyessotoxin from Protoceratium reticulatum, and its occurrence in extracts of shellfish from New Zealand, Norway and Canada.
44,55-Dihydroxyyessotoxin (1) was isolated from extracts of Protoceratium reticulatum and identified by analysis of its one- and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectra. In addition, LC-MS methods revealed the presence of compounds tentatively identified as (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxy-41a-homoyessotoxin (2) and (44-R,S)-44,55-dihydroxy-9-methyl-41a-homoyessotoxin (3). LC-MS analyses indicate that 1 is a constituent of P. reticulatum in New Zealand and Norway, and it was present in three species of mussels from New Zealand, Norway, and Canada.
Finch
Sarah C
SC
AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Wilkins
Alistair L
AL
Hawkes
Allan D
AD
Jensen
Dwayne J
DJ
MacKenzie
A Lincoln
AL
Beuzenberg
Veronica
V
Quilliam
Michael A
MA
Olseng
Christine D
CD
Samdal
Ingunn A
IA
Aasen
John
J
Selwood
Andrew I
AI
Cooney
Janine M
JM
Sandvik
Morten
M
Miles
Christopher O
CO
D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D005591:Chemical Fractionation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D004141:Dinoflagellida / Q000737:chemistry*; D004988:Ethers, Cyclic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D009520:New Zealand; D009664:Norway; D035964:Oxocins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012758:Shellfish / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000633:toxicity*
D004988:Ethers, Cyclic; D008387:Marine Toxins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D035964:Oxocins; C066632:yessotoxin