Extracorporeal life support in neonates, infants, and children after repair of congenital heart disease: modern era results in a single institution.
BACKGROUND
Extracorporeal life support has assumed a very effective role in the support of patients with refractory heart failure after repair of congenital heart disease, with hospital survival between 37% and 42%. We reviewed our results of different applications of extracorporeal life support in the last 2 years.


METHODS
Between January 2001 and October 2003, 671 patients underwent surgery for congenital heart disease at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed the hospital and clinic charts of the patients who required extracorporeal life support postoperatively, and studied the factors associated with survival.


RESULTS
Thirty-six patients (5.36%) received extracorporeal life support after surgery, between 1 day and 8 years of age (age < 30 days, n = 34). We divided the patients into four groups. Group 1 consisted of 13 patients who were electively placed on ventricular support without an oxygenator (univentricular assist device) after repair of single-ventricle disease. Group 2 consisted of 16 patients who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after surgery for failed hemodynamics. Group 3 consisted of 2 patients who required left ventricle support (left ventricular assist device) after surgery for two-ventricle disease but who did not require biventricular (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) support. Group 4 consisted of 5 patients who required conversion from ventricular assist device to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Overall, 28 patients were weaned successfully (78%), and 24 survived to discharge (67%). Hospital survival in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 100%, 50%, 100%, and 20%, respectively. Univariate factors associated with survival were age, weight, ventricular assist device type, duration, single-ventricle disease, reexploration, number of complications, and specific complications such as sepsis, renal failure, and pulmonary failure.


CONCLUSIONS
Extracorporeal life support utilization was expanded to include different applications with different outcomes. The extracorporeal life support registry should be altered to reflect those changes.
Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
Bahaaldin
B
Alsoufi
Irving
I
Shen
Tara
T
Karamlou
Carmen
C
Giacomuzzi
Grant
G
Burch
Michael
M
Silberbach
Ross
R
Ungerleider
D001243:Assisted Circulation; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies