In vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the trisubstituted aminopurine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine, bohemine and CYC202.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships for the trisubstituted aminopurine cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors olomoucine, bohemine, and CYC202 (R-roscovitine; seliciclib) in the HCT116 human colon carcinoma model.


METHODS
The in vitro activity of the agents was determined in a human tumor panel using the sulforhodamine B assay. The concentration and time dependence was established in HCT116 cells. Molecular biomarkers, including RB phosphorylation and cyclin expression, were assessed by Western blotting. Pharmacokinetic properties were characterized in mice following analysis by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on these studies, a dosing regimen was developed for CYC202 that allowed therapeutic exposures in the HCT116 tumor xenograft.


RESULTS
The antitumor potency of the agents in vitro was in the order olomoucine (IC50, 56 micromol/L) < bohemine (IC50, 27 micromol/L) < CYC202 (IC50, 15 micromol/L), corresponding to their activities as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Antitumor activity increased with exposure time up to 16 hours. The agents caused inhibition of RB and RNA polymerase II phosphorylation and depletion of cyclins. They exhibited relatively rapid clearance following administration to mice. CYC202 displayed the slowest clearance from plasma and the highest tumor uptake, with oral bioavailability of 86%. Oral dosing of CYC202 gave active concentrations in the tumor, modulation of pharmacodynamic markers, and inhibition of tumor growth.


CONCLUSIONS
CYC202 showed therapeutic activity on human cancer cell lines in vitro and on xenografts. Pharmacodynamic markers are altered in vitro and in vivo, consistent with the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases. Such markers may be potentially useful in the clinical development of CYC202 and other cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Therapeutics at The Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, Belmont, Sutton, United Kingdom.
Florence I
FI
Raynaud
Steven R
SR
Whittaker
Peter M
PM
Fischer
Steven
S
McClue
Michael I
MI
Walton
S Elaine
SE
Barrie
Michelle D
MD
Garrett
Paul
P
Rogers
Simon J
SJ
Clarke
Lloyd R
LR
Kelland
Melanie
M
Valenti
Lisa
L
Brunton
Suzanne
S
Eccles
David P
DP
Lane
Paul
P
Workman
D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D007701:Kinetin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011687:Purines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000077546:Roscovitine; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D011687:Purines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C118034:bohemine; D000077546:Roscovitine; C090046:olomoucine; D016203:CDC2 Protein Kinase; D018844:Cyclin-Dependent Kinases; D007701:Kinetin