Comparison of 1- versus 2-person bag-valve-mask techniques for manikin ventilation of infants and children.
OBJECTIVE
We compare the mean tidal volumes per weight and peak pressures generated by the 1- and 2-person techniques of bag-valve-mask ventilation in a pediatric model.


METHODS
This was a prospective, descriptive study in which postgraduate year 1, postgraduate year 2, and postgraduate year 3 pediatric residents, postgraduate year 2 emergency medicine residents, pediatric emergency department nurses, transport personnel, and paramedics were asked to perform 1- and 2-person bag-valve-mask ventilation on infant and child manikins. Participants were randomly assigned a partner and performed both techniques. Tidal volume and peak pressure were recorded every 15 seconds for 3 minutes by a blinded assistant.


RESULTS
Seventy participants, 10 in each group, completed the study. Overall, for the infant- and child-manikin groups, the 2-person technique generated higher mean tidal volume per weight than the 1-person technique (infant: 7.2 versus 5.9; child: 8.8 versus 6.1). Overall, the 2-person technique generated higher mean peak pressures than the 1-person technique (infant: 27.4 versus 22.0; child: 27.2 versus 21.8). Similar results were found among all provider groups. Paramedics were the only providers able to generate a recommended median tidal volume per weight of 10 mL/kg in the child manikin group when using either technique and were the only providers, when using the 2-person technique, to generate a mean tidal volume per weight of 10 mL/kg in the infant group.


CONCLUSIONS
Two-person bag-valve-mask ventilation provided greater mean tidal volumes per weight and peak pressures in the infant- and child-manikin model compared with the 1-person technique.
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Lara.Davidovic@chp.edu
Lara
L
Davidovic
David
D
LaCovey
Raymond D
RD
Pitetti
D000488:Allied Health Personnel; D000552:Ambulances; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education; D016529:Emergency Nursing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008348:Manikins; D010370:Pediatric Assistants / Q000193:education; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D016037:Single-Blind Method