Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in postinfarcted rat myocardium: short- and long-term effects.
BACKGROUND
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to replace infarct scar, but the long-term effects are unknown. We studied short- and long-term effects of MSC transplantation on left ventricular (LV) function in a rat myocardial infarction model.


RESULTS
Saline (n=46) or MSCs labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-testramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI; n=49, 2x10(6) cells each) were injected into the scar of a 1-week-old myocardial infarction in Fischer rats. The presence and differentiation of engrafted cells and their effect on LV ejection fraction was assessed. At 4 weeks, LV stroke volume was significantly greater in the MSC-treated group (145+/-9 microL) than in the saline group (122+/-3 microL, P=0.032), and LV ejection fraction was significantly greater in MSC-treated animals (43.8+/-1.0%) than in the saline group (38.8+/-1.1%, P=0.0027). However, at 6 months, these benefits of MSC treatment were lost. DiI-positive cells were observed in the MSC group at 2 weeks and at 3 and 6 months. Expression of the muscle-specific markers alpha-actinin, myosin heavy chain, phospholamban, and tropomyosin was not observed at 2 weeks in DiI-positive cells. At 3 and 6 months, the DiI-positive cells were observed to express the above muscle-specific markers, but they did not fully evolve into an adult cardiac phenotype. Some of the DiI-positive cells expressed von Willebrand factor.


CONCLUSIONS
Allogeneic MSCs survive in infarcted myocardium as long as 6 months and express markers that suggest muscle and endothelium phenotypes. MSCs improved global LV function at 4 weeks; however, this benefit was transient, which suggests a possible early paracrine effect.
Dai
Wangde
W
The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine of Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CalifA 90017, USA.
Hale
Sharon L
SL
Martin
Bradley J
BJ
Kuang
Jin-Qiang
JQ
Dow
Joan S
JS
Wold
Loren E
LE
Kloner
Robert A
RA
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006085:Graft Survival; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D032342:Muscle Cells / Q000166:cytology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000628:therapy*; D019899:Paracrine Communication; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012038:Regeneration; D013997:Time Factors; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left