Risk factors for painful bladder syndrome in women seeking gynecologic care.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to report risk factors for painful bladder syndrome in women. We surveyed 645 women presenting for care to general gynecology clinics and a vulvar specialty clinic using a standardized questionnaire and validated outcome measures. We used two definitions for painful bladder syndrome, based on the O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices. Of those women surveyed, 29.5% met broader criteria and 8.5% met more restrictive criteria for painful bladder syndrome. After adjusting for confounders, bladder pain was significantly associated with current smoking, irritable bowel syndrome, and a generalized pain disorder. Tobacco use, the only modifiable association noted on multivariate analysis, has not been previously identified to our knowledge.
Kennedy
Colleen M
CM
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. colleen-kennedy@uiowa.edu
Bradley
Catherine S
CS
Galask
Rudolph P
RP
Nygaard
Ingrid E
IE
D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology