Applications of phase-contrast flow and velocity imaging in cardiovascular MRI.
A review of cardiovascular clinical and research applications of MRI phase-contrast velocity imaging, also known as velocity mapping or flow imaging. Phase-contrast basic principles, advantages, limitations, common pitfalls and artefacts are described. It can measure many different aspects of the complicated blood flow in the heart and vessels: volume flow (cardiac output, shunt, valve regurgitation), peak blood velocity (for stenosis), patterns and timings of velocity waveforms and flow distributions within heart chambers (abnormal ventricular function) and vessels (pulse-wave velocity, vessel wall disease). The review includes phase-contrast applications in cardiac function, heart valves, congenital heart diseases, major blood vessels, coronary arteries and myocardial wall velocity.
Gatehouse
Peter D
PD
Royal Brompton Hospital and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK. p.gatehouse@rbh.nthames.nhs.uk
Keegan
Jennifer
J
Crowe
Lindsey A
LA
Masood
Sharmeen
S
Mohiaddin
Raad H
RH
Kreitner
Karl-Friedrich
KF
Firmin
David N
DN
D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D011859:Radiography