[Emergency due to allergy: the therapy--adrenaline for physicians and patients].
Emergency due to allergy may proceed within minutes to life-threatening respiratory and circulatory problems. Therefore, after diagnosis prompt and correct therapy might be vital. Because of its effect on alpha-, beta1-, and beta2-receptors, adrenaline is the treatment of choice in emergency due to allergy. For fear of cardiovascular side effects, often adrenaline is withheld even in case of anaphylaxis. If given properly such as an intramuscular injection the danger of undesirable side effects, however, is small. After a systemic, allergic reaction each patient needs to be equipped with rescue medications. If an adrenaline-containing device is prescribed--nowadays with EpiPen and the metered-dose inhaler Primatene Mist 2 systems are available--, the patient must get a correct instruction in its use. In case of a severe allergic reaction, antihistamines and corticosteroids are given in second line. Following any systemic allergy, an allergological work-up should be required. Only through exact diagnosis and profound patient's education, recurrences can be avoided, and in some cases, specific immunotherapy is indicated.
Fricker
M
M
Allergologisch-Immunologische Poliklinik, Klinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie/Allergologie, Inselspital Bern.
Helbling
A
A
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods*; D004630:Emergencies; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D012646:Self Administration / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013557:Switzerland
D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D004837:Epinephrine