Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein 120 induces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in neuroblastoma cells through a nuclear factor-kappaB and activating protein-1 mediated mechanism.
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the brain of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been proposed as a cause of cognitive impairment in AIDS dementia. Here, we have analyzed the molecular mechanism by which its induction takes place in neuroblastoma cells. The HIV-1 envelope protein gp120 was able to induce COX-2 mRNA and protein in several human neuroblastoma cell lines, which express CXCR4 and CCR5 but not CD4. Moreover, gp120 induces COX-2 promoter transcription. Sequential deletions of the promoter show that deletion of a distal nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) site abrogated gp120-dependent transcription. More importantly, overexpression of NF-kappaB inhibitory subunit, IkappaBalpha, completely abrogated gp120-induced COX-2 activity. However, transfection of p65/relA NF-kappaB was not enough to induce COX-2 transcription, suggesting that NF-kappaB was necessary but not sufficient to control COX-2 transcription induced by gp120. In addition to NF-kappaB, activating protein-1 (AP-1) but not nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent transcription was induced by gp120. Transfection of a dominant negative mutant c-Jun protein, TAM-67, efficiently blocked the induction of COX-2 promoter by gp120, confirming AP-1 requirement. Moreover, gp120 rapidly activates the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. The importance of NF-kappaB and AP-1 in COX-2 promoter and protein induction was corroborated by using pharmacological NF-kappaB, p38 and JNK inhibitors.
Alvarez
Susana
S
Laboratory Inmuno-Biología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
Serramía
M Jesús
MJ
Fresno
Manuel
M
Muñoz-Fernández
Mángeles
M
D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D015152:Blotting, Northern / Q000379:methods; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018946:Chemokine CCL5 / Q000378:metabolism; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000494:pharmacology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000502:physiology; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000378:metabolism; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013859:Thiocarbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D000873:Anthracenes; D000975:Antioxidants; D015704:CD4 Antigens; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D015699:HIV Envelope Protein gp120; D007093:Imidazoles; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D011725:Pyridines; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D013859:Thiocarbamates; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C066229:prolinedithiocarbamate; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; D011392:Proline; D008156:Luciferases; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580