New therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: adenosine A2A receptor antagonists.
The development of non-dopaminergic therapies for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) has attracted much interest in recent years. Among new different classes of drugs, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists have emerged as best candidates. The present review will provide an updated summary of the results reported in literature concerning the effects of adenosine A2A antagonists in rodent and primate models of PD. These results show that A2A receptor antagonists improve motor deficits without inducing dyskinesia and counteract parkinsonian tremor. In progress clinical trials have shown that a low dose of L-DOPA plus KW-6002 produced symptomatic relief no different from that produced by an optimal dose of L-DOPA alone, whereas dyskinesias were reduced rendering this class of compounds particularly attractive.
Pinna
Annalisa
A
CNR Institute of Neuroscience-Cagliari section, Italy. apinna@unica.it
Wardas
Jadwiga
J
Simola
Nicola
N
Morelli
Micaela
M
D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020820:Dyskinesias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D011323:Primates; D011687:Purines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A / Q000378:metabolism
D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D011687:Purines; D043705:Receptor, Adenosine A2A; C111599:istradefylline; D007980:Levodopa