Analysis of the underlying cellular mechanisms of anti-CD154-induced graft tolerance: the interplay of clonal anergy and immune regulation.
Although it has been shown that CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) contribute to long-term graft acceptance, their impact on the effector compartment and the mechanism by which they exert suppression in vivo remain unresolved. Using a CD4(+) TCR transgenic model for graft tolerance, we have unveiled the independent contributions of anergy and active suppression to the fate of immune and tolerant alloreactive T cells in vivo. First, it is shown that anti-CD154-induced tolerance resulted in the abortive expansion of the alloreactive, effector T cell pool. Second, commensurate with reduced expansion, there was a loss of cytokine production, activation marker expression, and absence of memory T cell markers. All these parameters defined the tolerant alloreactive T cells and correlated with the inability to mediate graft rejection. Third, the tolerant alloreactive T cell phenotype that is induced by CD154 was reversed by the in vivo depletion of T(reg). Reversal of the tolerant phenotype was followed by rapid rejection of the allograft. Fourth, in addition to T(reg) depletion, costimulation of the tolerant alloreactive T cells or activation of the APC compartment also reverted alloreactive T cell tolerance and restored an activated phenotype. Finally, it is shown that the suppression is long-lived, and in the absence of anti-CD154 and donor-specific transfusion, these T(reg) can chronically suppress effector cell responses, allowing long-lived graft acceptance.
Quezada
Sergio A
SA
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, and Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
Bennett
Kathy
K
Blazar
Bruce R
BR
Rudensky
Alexander Y
AY
Sakaguchi
Shimon
S
Noelle
Randolph J
RJ
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000633:toxicity*; D023201:CD40 Ligand / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017635:Clonal Anergy / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006224:Cricetinae; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000633:toxicity*; D008212:Lymphocyte Depletion; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016038:Skin Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D016207:Cytokines; D053450:Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D017475:Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C106544:Tnfrsf18 protein, mouse; D023201:CD40 Ligand