Clinical presentations of unoperated and operated adults with congenital heart disease.
The clinical presentation of adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) is exceptionally diverse. Operated, unoperated acyanotic, and cyanotic patients often have similar physiologic characteristics, and thus shared clinical symptomatology. Five illustrative cases are included to highlight important considerations in the diagnosis and management of ACHD. This article focuses on epidemiology, natural history, clinical outcomes, and use of ancillary studies in commonly encountered cardiac defects.
Ellis
Christopher R
CR
Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. christopher.ellis@Vanderbilt.Edu
Graham
Thomas P
TP
Byrd
Benjamin F
BF
D000328:Adult; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology