title: Osmotic tolerance of in vitro produced porcine blastocysts assessed by their morphological integrity and cellular actin filament organization.
abstract: This experiment investigated the osmotic tolerance limits of the morphology and the cellular actin filament organization of porcine blastocysts. In vitro produced Day 6 blastocysts were subjected to osmotic treatments with sucrose solutions of different osmolalities (75, 150, 210, 600, 1200, and 2400 mOsm) and one isotonic solution (NCSU-23, 285 mOsm). Blastocysts were then either fixed immediately, or cultured for 18 h and subsequently fixed with formalin. The morphology of the treated blastocysts was examined under a stereomicroscope and the integrity of the cellular actin filaments of the blastocysts was examined by confocal microscopy after staining with Alexa Fluor 488 phalloidin. The results indicated that there was a significant relationship between the osmotic levels and the probability of blastocysts exhibiting disrupted cellular actin filaments. In addition, blastocysts also collapsed in proportion to the levels of osmotic treatments. The osmotic tolerance limits which would maintain 70% of the blastocysts with their original morphology immediately after the treatment were 90 and 170%, respectively, of isotonicity. After 18 h of culture, the osmotic tolerance limits were 61 and 163%, respectively, of isotonicity. Similarly, the osmotic conditions relative to isotonicity which would maintain the integrity of cellular actin filaments in 70% of treated blastocysts had to be within the range of 87 and 147% immediately after the treatment and 87 and 169% after 18 h of culture. Collectively, these data indicate that in vitro produced porcine blastocysts are very sensitive to osmotic stress. This information can be used to optimize cryopreservation procedures for porcine embryos.
authors: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
authors: Hongsheng
authors: H
authors: Men
authors: Yuksel
authors: Y
authors: Agca
authors: Steven F
authors: SF
authors: Mullen
authors: Elizabeth S
authors: ES
authors: Critser
authors: John K
authors: JK
authors: Critser
mesh_terms: D008841:Actin Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009995:Osmosis / Q000502:physiology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D013395:Sucrose