title: The primary antimitotic mechanism of action of the synthetic halichondrin E7389 is suppression of microtubule growth.
abstract: E7389, which is in phase I and II clinical trials, is a synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of the marine sponge natural product halichondrin B. Whereas its mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated, its main target seems to be tubulin and/or the microtubules responsible for the construction and proper function of the mitotic spindle. Like most microtubule-targeted antitumor drugs, it inhibits tumor cell proliferation in association with G(2)-M arrest. It binds to tubulin and inhibits microtubule polymerization. We examined the mechanism of action of E7389 with purified microtubules and in living cells and found that, unlike antimitotic drugs including vinblastine and paclitaxel that suppress both the shortening and growth phases of microtubule dynamic instability, E7389 seems to work by an end-poisoning mechanism that results predominantly in inhibition of microtubule growth, but not shortening, in association with sequestration of tubulin into aggregates. In living MCF7 cells at the concentration that half-maximally blocked cell proliferation and mitosis (1 nmol/L), E7389 did not affect the shortening events of microtubule dynamic instability nor the catastrophe or rescue frequencies, but it significantly suppressed the rate and extent of microtubule growth. Vinblastine, but not E7389, inhibited the dilution-induced microtubule disassembly rate. The results suggest that, at its lowest effective concentrations, E7389 may suppress mitosis by directly binding to microtubule ends as unliganded E7389 or by competition of E7389-induced tubulin aggregates with unliganded soluble tubulin for addition to growing microtubule ends. The result is formation of abnormal mitotic spindles that cannot pass the metaphase/anaphase checkpoint.
authors: Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, 93106-9610, USA. jordan@lifesci.ucsb.edu
authors: Mary Ann
authors: MA
authors: Jordan
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Kamath
authors: Tapas
authors: T
authors: Manna
authors: Tatiana
authors: T
authors: Okouneva
authors: Herbert P
authors: HP
authors: Miller
authors: Celia
authors: C
authors: Davis
authors: Bruce A
authors: BA
authors: Littlefield
authors: Leslie
authors: L
authors: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050256:Antimitotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002417:Cattle; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005663:Furans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase / Q000187:drug effects; D007659:Ketones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects; D014404:Tubulin / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides
chemical_list: D050256:Antimitotic Agents; D005663:Furans; D007659:Ketones; D014404:Tubulin; C490954:eribulin; D000095662:Polyether Polyketides