title: Microswitch clusters to enhance adaptive responses and head control: a programme extension for three children with multiple disabilities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the possibility of extending adaptive responding and head control in three children with multiple disabilities through the use of microswitch clusters.
  
  
  METHODS
  The children had previously learned to perform an adaptive hand response and to control head position during that response. They were now taught one or two new adaptive responses (foot lifting, leg touching, or vocalization) and to combine such responses with appropriate head position. Microswitch clusters served to ensure that an adaptive response was followed by positive stimulation only if it was combined with appropriate head position.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results were positive with the children learning the new adaptive responses and combining them with appropriate head position. This performance was maintained during two- or three-month post-intervention checks. During these checks, the children were also successful in using the old adaptive hand response with appropriate head position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of microswitch clusters was effective to extend the level of adaptive responding and enhance appropriate head position during this responding. This outcome, which indicates a successful technical replication and procedural extension of previous work in the area, has positive practical implications for educational and occupational programmes for children with multiple disabilities.
authors: Department of Psychology, University of Bari, Italy. g.lancioni@psico.uniba.it
authors: G E
authors: GE
authors: Lancioni
authors: M F
authors: MF
authors: O'Reilly
authors: N N
authors: NN
authors: Singh
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Oliva
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Scalini
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Vigo
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Groeneweg
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003143:Communication Devices for People with Disabilities; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand; D006257:Head; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011187:Posture; D012656:Self-Help Devices