title: Individualized cost-effective conventional ovulation induction treatment in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility (WHO group 2).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional treatment in normogonadotrophic anovulatory infertility (WHO 2) consists of clomiphene citrate (CC), followed by exogenous gonadotrophins (FSH) and IVF. Response to these treatments may be predicted on the basis of individual patient characteristics. We aimed to devise a patient-tailored, cost-effective treatment algorithm involving the above-mentioned treatment modalities, based on individual patient characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen prognostic groups are defined, according to the presence or absence of: age >30 years, amenorrhea, elevated androgen levels and obesity. The chances of response with each of the three treatments were calculated using prediction models. Treatment costs were based on the data of 240 patients visiting a specialist academic fertility unit. Outcome was an ongoing pregnancy within 12 months after initiation of treatment. The costs per pregnancy of three different strategies were compared, with a threshold for cost-effectiveness of 10 000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The strategy CC + FSH + IVF compared with FSH + IVF generated more pregnancies against lower costs. Compared with CC + IVF, it also produced more pregnancies, but at higher costs. For <30 years of age with normal androgen levels, costs per pregnancy were less than 10 000. For women >30 years old, costs per pregnancy were 25 000 and over 200 000, when presenting with normal or elevated androgen levels, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The conventional treatment protocol is efficient for women aged <30 years with normal androgen levels. For women >30 years old with elevated androgen levels, FSH may be skipped.
authors: Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. m.eijkemans@erasmusmc.nl
authors: Marinus J C
authors: MJ
authors: Eijkemans
authors: Suzanne
authors: S
authors: Polinder
authors: Annemarie G M G J
authors: AG
authors: Mulders
authors: Joop S E
authors: JS
authors: Laven
authors: J Dik F
authors: JD
authors: Habbema
authors: Bart C J M
authors: BC
authors: Fauser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000465:Algorithms; D000568:Amenorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis; D000728:Androgens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000858:Anovulation / Q000628:therapy*; D002996:Clomiphene / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000628:therapy*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000191:economics*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011379:Prognosis; D018456:Reproductive Medicine / Q000191:economics*
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D002996:Clomiphene; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone