title: Relative importance of PSA in prostate cancer treatment.
abstract: METHODS
  A retrospective study was conducted to (1) determine the relationship between baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels and initial treatment decisions for prostate cancer (surgery, hormone therapy, radiation, or watchful waiting) and (2) estimate the impact of PSA progression (doubling or three consecutive rises) on subsequent treatment decisions. Patient records (n=1116) from three community urology practices and a large academic health system were reviewed. Multivariate models were fitted to assess the relationship between initial treatment and baseline PSA, Gleason score, race, number of comorbid conditions and age and between PSA progression and time to subsequent therapy (adjusted for other factors).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline PSA was a significant predictor of initial treatment among men with localized disease with the likelihood of hormone therapy increasing with higher PSA levels and the likelihood of surgery decreasing steadily with higher PSA levels. PSA was the strongest predictor of hormone therapy as first choice followed by age. Age followed by PSA was the strongest predictor of surgery as first treatment as well as radiation therapy. Initial PSA levels did not predict the choice of watchful waiting. Patients with PSA progression were eight times (95% CI: 5.3-12.1) more likely to initiate a subsequent therapy than patients who did not have PSA progression when controlling for other predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In clinical practice, PSA significantly impacts the urologist's primary therapy choice and determines when they introduce subsequent treatments.
authors: Cary Urology, Cary, NC, USA.
authors: Henry A
authors: HA
authors: Unger
authors: Richard D
authors: RD
authors: Kane
authors: Kathleen M
authors: KM
authors: Fox
authors: Sanjay
authors: S
authors: Gandhi
authors: Carlos
authors: C
authors: Alzola
authors: Lois
authors: L
authors: Lamerato
authors: Don
authors: D
authors: Newling
authors: Sanjaya
authors: S
authors: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D012016:Reference Values; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen