title: The effect of manipulation of basal pulsatile insulin on insulin action in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Disordered insulin pulsatility is associated with insulin resistant states including Type 2 diabetes. However, whether abnormal basal insulin pulses play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance or are simply an associated feature remains undetermined. We investigated this relationship further by studying the effect of overnight (10 h) pulsatile insulin infusion on subsequent insulin sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 17 Type 2 diabetic patients who underwent one of two protocols. In protocol A (10 patients) on two separate nights we infused insulin 0.1 mU/kg/min either in a constant infusion or in pulses every 13 min. Octreotide (0.43 microg/kg/h) was given to suppress endogenous insulin secretion and physiological replacement of glucagon (30 ng/kg/h) administered. Insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (2 mU/kg/min) next morning. In protocol B (seven patients), we employed the same experimental procedure but used a basal insulin infusion rate of 0.09 mU/kg/min in 7-min or 13-min pulses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Appropriate pulse patterns were confirmed in each protocol. In protocol A, after overnight infusions, glucose infusion rates required to maintain euglycaemia at steady state hyperinsulinaemia were similar (33.9 +/- 5.2 vs. 31.2 +/- 4.1 micromol/kg/min; P = NS). In protocol B, after overnight infusions the glucose infusion rates required during hyperinsulinaemia were significantly lower during 7-min pulses (39.9 +/- 5.7 vs. 44.7 +/- 5.6 micromol/kg/min; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no demonstrable priming effect derived from overnight pulsatile insulin compared with constant insulin infusion on subsequent insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetic subjects. The failure of 7-min pulses to exhibit an advantageous effect over 13-min pulses raises questions about the natural frequency of basal insulin pulses and their biological effect.
authors: Regional Centre of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Au
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Courtney
authors: C N
authors: CN
authors: Ennis
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Sheridan
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Atkinson
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Bell
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000188:drug therapy; D007328:Insulin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting