title: Proficiency testing in immunopathology: establishing the homogeneity of test material.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a technique for homogeneity testing of serum aliquot samples suitable for use in the Quality Assurance Program in Clinical Immunology (QAP Pty Ltd).
  
  
  METHODS
  Albumin was selected as the surrogate protein marker for the product to be tested and the coefficient of dispersion (COD) calculated as the measure of homogeneity. To detect changes in the average level of homogeneity, cumulative sum control (cusum) charts were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The COD(%) for each triplicate reading of albumin obtained from 34 specimens was normally distributed with a mean of 0.49% and a standard deviation of 0.25%. In industrial quality control schemes the action line is generally set at the upper 99% confidence limits, hence any triplicate sample would be considered to have acceptable homogeneity if the COD was < or = 1.08%. Cusum charts were created to monitor albumin homogeneity over time.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of albumin measurement as the surrogate appears statistically suitable for homogeneity testing in QAP programs for immunodiagnostic testing. CUSUM charts are particularly useful to monitor such homogeneity testing.
authors: Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, South Australia, Australia.
authors: Adrian
authors: A
authors: Esterman
authors: Sue
authors: S
authors: Javanovich
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: McEvoy
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Roberts-Thomson
mesh_terms: D000418:Albumins / Q000032:analysis; D000486:Allergy and Immunology / Q000592:standards*; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques / Q000592:standards*; D010338:Pathology, Clinical / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D019984:Quality Indicators, Health Care
chemical_list: D000418:Albumins