title: Microdissection for detecting genetic aberrations in early and advanced human urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: Laser microdissection is an essential method for the investigation of the multistep carcinogenic process in the urinary bladder. Reliable detection of tumor-specific alterations which can be compromised by the presence of normal cells, requires microdissection of pure tumor cell populations (>80%) to detect loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by either fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or sequence analysis. Multiple molecular methods need to be performed in the course of studying often-small lesions. This chapter describes in detail the use of laser microdissection, whole-genome amplification by improved primer extension preamplification (I-PEP)-polymerase chain reaction, and subsequent LOH, FISH, and sequencing analysis in the investigation of urothelial tumors and their precursor lesions. The combination of the described methods allows a wide spectrum of molecular investigations of tumor cells and helps to understand the fundamental alterations involved in urothelial carcinogenesis.
authors: Institute of Pathology, University of Basel, Switzerland.
authors: Arndt
authors: A
authors: Hartmann
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Stoehr
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Wild
authors: Wolfgang
authors: W
authors: Dietmaier
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Knuechel
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D018450:Disease Progression; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D042282:Microdissection / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*