title: C-jun activation in acquired cystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Activator protein-1 has a central role in transducing cytokine signals. Activator protein-1 is composed of 2 proto-oncogene families, namely Jun and Fos. Of them c-Jun has been suggested to have a role in cell cycle progression and neoplastic transformation. We examined the impact of c-Jun protein activation on pathological parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of total c-Jun protein and phosphorylated c-Jun protein was determined by immunohistochemistry in 72 patients with RCC, including 10 with tumor arising from acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) of end stage kidneys.
  
  
  RESULTS
  c-Jun expression was observed in the distal but not the proximal tubules. Atypical hyperplastic cells in ACKD were positive for phosphorylated c-Jun. RCC arising in end stage kidneys was pT1 and 5 of these cases showed increased c-Jun activation. Of 62 cases arising from normally functioning kidneys 21 showed an increased degree of c-Jun activation. In localized small cell cases (pT1a) 55.5% (10 of 18) showed enhanced activation, whereas such enhanced activation was only observed in 25% (11 of 44) of more advanced cases (pT1b or greater). Therefore, c-Jun activation was considered to be related to the early carcinogenesis of RCC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes the role that c-Jun activation has in early RCC carcinogenesis. Thus, chronic stimulation of cytokines inducing c-Jun activation may have a role in the aberrant proliferation of hyperplastic atypical cells in ACKD and RCC.
authors: Department of Urology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. moto-oya@sc.itc.keio.ac.jp
authors: Mototsugu
authors: M
authors: Oya
authors: Shuji
authors: S
authors: Mikami
authors: Ryuichi
authors: R
authors: Mizuno
authors: Ken
authors: K
authors: Marumo
authors: Makio
authors: M
authors: Mukai
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Murai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D016758:Genes, jun / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D052177:Kidney Diseases, Cystic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000378:metabolism; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010766:Phosphorylation; D000090063:Proto-Oncogene Mas