title: The role of Mcl-1 downregulation in the proapoptotic activity of the multikinase inhibitor BAY 43-9006.
abstract: BAY 43-9006, a multikinase inhibitor that targets Raf, prevents tumor cell proliferation in vitro and inhibits diverse human tumor xenografts in vivo. The mechanism of action of BAY 43-9006 remains incompletely defined. In the present study, the effects of BAY 43-9006 on the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1 were examined. Treatment of A549 lung cancer cells with BAY 43-9006 diminished Mcl-1 levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner without affecting other Bcl-2 family members. Similar BAY 43-9006-induced Mcl-1 downregulation was observed in ACHN (renal cell), HT-29 (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), KMCH (cholangiocarcinoma), Jurkat (acute T-cell leukemia), K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia) and MEC-2 (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) cells. Mcl-1 mRNA levels did not change in BAY 43-9006-treated cells. Instead, BAY 43-9006 enhanced proteasome-mediated Mcl-1 degradation. This Mcl-1 downregulation was followed by mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation as well as enhanced sensitivity to other proapoptotic agents. The caspase inhibitor Boc-D-fmk inhibited BAY 43-9006-induced caspase activation but not cytochrome c release. In contrast, Mcl-1 overexpression inhibited cytochrome c release and other features of BAY 43-9006-induced apoptosis. Conversely, Mcl-1 downregulation by short hairpin RNA enhanced BAY 43-9006-induced apoptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that drug-induced Mcl-1 downregulation contributes to the proapoptotic effects of BAY 43-9006.
authors: Division of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors: Chunrong
authors: C
authors: Yu
authors: Laura M
authors: LM
authors: Bruzek
authors: Xue Wei
authors: XW
authors: Meng
authors: Gregory J
authors: GJ
authors: Gores
authors: Christopher A
authors: CA
authors: Carter
authors: Scott H
authors: SH
authors: Kaufmann
authors: Alex A
authors: AA
authors: Adjei
mesh_terms: D000218:Adamantane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001557:Benzenesulfonates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077157:Sorafenib
chemical_list: D001557:Benzenesulfonates; D017931:DNA Primers; D006873:Hydroquinones; D064549:Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; C404397:NSC 680410; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011725:Pyridines; D009536:Niacinamide; D000077157:Sorafenib; D020169:Caspases; D000218:Adamantane