title: Motivational interviewing to support antiretroviral therapy adherence: the role of quality counseling.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although research linking motivational interviewing (MI) to behavior change exists, few studies report on MI's quality or explore how it may influence effectiveness. We studied MI quality and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the context of a randomized, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a structured instrument to code MI sessions and then correlated ART adherence (measured by electronic bottle cap monitor and pill count data at study exit) with specific counseling behaviors and the proportion of interactions that achieved quality benchmarks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample (n = 47) was predominantly male (79%), minority (90%), had a mean age of 40, and averaged 79% adherence at exit. On three of five benchmarks, most MI sessions achieved the targeted quality level: 100% achieved them for MI-consistent statements; 85% for complex reflections; 63% for reflections to questions ratio; 44% for global therapist rating; 19% for using open-ended questions. ART adherence was positively associated with the ratio of reflections to questions (r = .39, p = .02), affirming statements (r = .38, p = .02), and negatively associated with closed-ended questions (r = -.33, p = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Good quality MI can be conducted within the structure of a controlled trial but was generally not associated with ART adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Documenting treatment fidelity is critical to judging the efficacy of MI-based interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular feedback and close monitoring are needed to maintain MI quality.
authors: Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Angela D
authors: AD
authors: Thrasher
authors: Carol E
authors: CE
authors: Golin
authors: Jo Anne L
authors: JA
authors: Earp
authors: Hsiao
authors: H
authors: Tien
authors: Carol
authors: C
authors: Porter
authors: Lynn
authors: L
authors: Howie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D003376:Counseling / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004645:Empathy; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D015438:Health Behavior; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D009042:Motivation; D009657:North Carolina; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000523:psychology*; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D015397:Program Evaluation; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012944:Social Support; D013637:Tape Recording
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents