title: Effect of nicotine replacement therapy on post-cessation weight gain and nutrient intake: a randomized controlled trial of postmenopausal female smokers.
abstract: This study of 94 postmenopausal female smokers evaluated the effect of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and hormone therapy (HT) on change in weight, energy intake, and physical activity during 2 weeks of smoking abstinence. Women, stratified by current use of HT, were randomized to nicotine or placebo patch. After 2 weeks of abstinence, women on nicotine patch had significantly larger increases in total caloric and fat intake than women on placebo patch and a trend toward larger increases in carbohydrates (total and sweet). Conversely, the nicotine group had less weight gain, 0.47 kg, than the placebo group, 1.02 kg (F=10.31, p=0.002). No effects were observed for hormone therapy. It appears that in short-term smoking abstinence, postmenopausal women on NRT gain less weight than do women on placebo, in spite of consuming more calories. This may be beneficial in the critical first 1-2 weeks of tobacco cessation, especially in light of postmenopausal weight gain.
authors: Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, A682Mayo Memorial Building, 420 Delaware St. S.E., MMC #381, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. allen001@umn.edu
authors: Sharon S
authors: SS
authors: Allen
authors: Dorothy
authors: D
authors: Hatsukami
authors: Dawn M
authors: DM
authors: Brintnell
authors: Tracy
authors: T
authors: Bade
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000187:drug effects; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000502:physiology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods*; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D009538:Nicotine