Ischemic preconditioning of skeletal muscle: duration of late-phase protection.
BACKGROUND
The time course of the late phase of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) was determined in latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) flaps using viability and function as the endpoints.


METHODS
LDM flaps from Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into 6 groups. LDMs were preconditioned with 2 30-minute periods of ischemia separated by 10 minutes of reperfusion and subjected to a 4-hour ischemic insult after 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours from IPC. LDMs were evaluated for percent necrosis and muscle contractile function and compared with controls.


RESULTS
The late phase of IPC provides significant protection against necrosis up to 72 hours. Conversely, when the end point used was muscle contractile function, the protection only lasted 48 hours.


CONCLUSIONS
The time course of late-phase protection in skeletal muscle is 2-3 days. Late phase IPC appears to protect muscle flaps during the most critical time period following elevation.
Harralson
Thomas
T
Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
Grossi
Federico V
FV
Quan
Edwin E
EE
Tecimer
Taskin
T
Perez-Abadia
Gustavo
G
Anderson
Gary
G
Barker
John H
JH
Maldonado
Claudio
C
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D019194:Ischemic Preconditioning / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors