title: Interleukin-6 polymorphism is associated with more aggressive prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  : Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has an important role during prostate cancer progression and IL-6 levels in the serum of patients with hormone refractory and metastatic prostate cancer are significantly increased compared with those in patients with hormone sensitive and localized prostate cancer. The G>C polymorphism at position -174 in the promoter of the IL-6 gene has been associated with differences in IL-6 transcription in vitro and IL-6 protein levels in vivo. We determined the association of IL-6 polymorphism with prostate cancer progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  : We examined the association of IL-6 polymorphism with the risk of advanced disease in 95 patients with different stages of prostate cancer using the tetra-primer polymerase chain reaction genotyping method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  : We found that the -174G>C genotype of IL-6 gene was associated with an overall increased risk of advanced prostate cancer. A strong association between this genotype and Gleason score was observed at the -174G>C locus of the IL-6 gene (p <0.001). The distribution of this genotype was also significantly different between stages T3-T4 and T1-T2 tumors (p <0.001). In addition, the IL-6 genotype was linked with vascular invasion (p = 0.024), seminal vesicle involvement (p = 0.006) and capsular invasion (p <0.001). Furthermore, the -174G>C genotype of the IL-6 gene was significantly associated with increased serum prostate specific antigen (p = 0.004) and with recurrent prostate cancer compared with GG homozygotes (p = 0.027).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  : These data demonstrate a strong association of the -174G>C polymorphism of the IL-6 gene with the aggressiveness and recurrence of prostate cancer, suggesting that genetic predisposition of genetic differences in the human IL-6 gene could be linked to the risk of recurrent prostate cancer.
authors: Department of Pathology, Gynecologic Oncology Group Statistical and Data Center, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA.
authors: Dongfeng
authors: D
authors: Tan
authors: Xiuxian
authors: X
authors: Wu
authors: Min
authors: M
authors: Hou
authors: Soo Ok
authors: SO
authors: Lee
authors: Wei
authors: W
authors: Lou
authors: Jianmin
authors: J
authors: Wang
authors: Bagirathan
authors: B
authors: Janarthan
authors: Sujatha
authors: S
authors: Nallapareddy
authors: Donald L
authors: DL
authors: Trump
authors: Allen C
authors: AC
authors: Gao
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012669:Seminal Vesicles / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6