title: Vector mapping in localizing the transverse conduction site of the crista terminalis in patients with typical atrial flutter.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The difference in the conduction properties of the crista terminalis (CT) along its course, has not been fully clarified. Using the vector mapping method, we localized the transverse conduction (TC) site of the CT and elucidated its conduction capabilities in patients with typical atrial flutter (AF).
  
  
  METHODS
  The TC site of the CT was localized by the analysis of the polarity reversal of the double potentials recorded at 10 sites along the CT using a 20-pole deflectable catheter in 17 patients. The conduction capabilities of the TC site were analyzed during incremental pacing delivered from 100 beats/min to 2-to-1 local capture at the low anterior (LARA) and posterior (LPRA) right atrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a pacing rate of 100 beats/min, TC at a single site was observed in 15 patients during LARA pacing and 7 patients during LPRA pacing, respectively. TC sites were distributed from superior to middle third of the CT in all patients. TC was bidirectional in 4 sites, but was unidirectional in the remaining 14 sites. Following an increase in the pacing rate, TC was blocked in all 7 sites during LPRA pacing and 11 of 15 sites during LARA pacing. Shift in the location of the TC site was not observed in any of the patients before TC block. The conduction block rate during pacing from LARA was significantly higher than that from LPRA (211 +/- 59 beats/min vs 145 +/- 66 beats/min, P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The superior to middle third of the CT provides TC capabilities. The TC across the CT was caused by a preferential conduction site and most of these TC were unidirectional, and stable in location irrespective of the change in the conduction rate.
authors: Division of Cardiology, Kumamoto City Hospital, Kumamoto. yamabe_hi@ybb.ne.jp
authors: Hiroshige
authors: H
authors: Yamabe
authors: Yasuaki
authors: Y
authors: Tanaka
authors: Megumi
authors: M
authors: Yamamuro
authors: Hisao
authors: H
authors: Ogawa
authors: Yoshihiro
authors: Y
authors: Kimura
authors: Youichi
authors: Y
authors: Hokamura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014672:Vectorcardiography