title: Hemorheology, sickle cell trait, and alpha-thalassemia in athletes: effects of exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated hemorheological parameters in response to exercise in sickle cell trait (SCT) athletes with or without alpha-thalassemia
  
  
  METHODS
  Six athletes with SCT (HbAS), 7 athletes with SCT and alpha-thalassemia (HbASAT), and 10 control athletes (HbAA) performed a progressive and maximal exercise test on cycloergometer. Blood viscosity (etab), plasma viscosity (etap), etab at corrected hematocrit (etab45), hematocrit (Hct), and red blood cell (RBC) rigidity were assessed at rest, at maximal exercise and 24 h after exercise
  
  
  RESULTS
  etab and etap were not different between the three groups at any time. Exercise induced changes in etab in HbAA and HbASAT groups but not in HbAS group. etab45 was higher in HbAS group compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), at rest and 24 h after exercise and increased only in HbAA group in response to exercise. HbAS group had lower Hct than HbAA group at any time. Hct and etap increased after exercise and declined under baseline values 24 h after exercise in all groups. RBC rigidity was higher in HbAS group compared with HbAA and HbASAT groups at any time, and was lower and higher at maximal exercise and 24 h after exercise, respectively, in all groups compared with resting values
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate that HbAS group is prone to higher RBC rigidity, which might lead to hemorheological alterations that are thought to participate to microcirculation disorders. However, these alterations are limited by the coexistence of alpha-thalassemia. Moreover, hemorheological parameters were not further impaired in SCT athletes with or without alpha-thalassemia in response to exercise. Training status might be protective from physiological stresses usually leading to sickling process in SCT carriers.
authors: Center of Research and Innovation on Sports, Claude Bernard University of Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France.
authors: Géraldine
authors: G
authors: Monchanin
authors: Philippe
authors: P
authors: Connes
authors: Dieudonné
authors: D
authors: Wouassi
authors: Alain
authors: A
authors: Francina
authors: Bernard
authors: B
authors: Djoda
authors: Pierre Edmond
authors: PE
authors: Banga
authors: François Xavier
authors: FX
authors: Owona
authors: Patrice
authors: P
authors: Thiriet
authors: Raphaël
authors: R
authors: Massarelli
authors: Cyril
authors: C
authors: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005602:France; D018056:Hemorheology; D006801:Humans; D012805:Sickle Cell Trait / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D013177:Sports; D017085:alpha-Thalassemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis