title: CRP reduction following gastric bypass surgery is most pronounced in insulin-sensitive subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obesity is frequently associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, reflected in elevated markers of inflammation, in particular C-reactive protein (CRP). To what extent the insulin resistance or the obesity per se contributes to increased CRP levels is unclear. In morbidly obese patients, gastric bypass surgery causes marked changes in body weight and improves metabolism, thereby providing informative material for studies on the regulation of inflammatory markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, surgical intervention study of inflammatory markers in morbidly obese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 66 obese subjects with mean age 39 y and mean body mass index (BMI) 45 kg/m2 were studied prior to and 6 and 12 months following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum concentrations of high sensitivity CRP, serum amyloid A (SAA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as markers of glucose and lipid metabolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prior to surgery, CRP levels were elevated compared to the reference range of healthy, normal-weight subjects. CRP correlated with insulin sensitivity, as reflected by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, but not BMI, when corrected for age and gender. Surgery reduced BMI from 45 to 31 kg/m2 and lowered CRP, SAA and IL-6 levels by 82, 57 and 50%, respectively, at 12 months. The reduction in CRP was inversely related to HOMA at baseline independently of the change in body weight (r=-0.36, P=0.005). At 12 months, 140 and 40% reductions in CRP were seen in subjects with HOMA < 4 (insulin sensitive) and HOMA>9 (insulin resistant) despite similar reductions in BMI. Reductions in SAA and IL-6 tended to parallel the changes in CRP, but were less informative.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In morbidly obese subjects, gastric bypass surgery lowers energy intake, reduces inflammatory markers and improves insulin sensitivity. Despite a marked reduction in body weight, only a small effect on CRP levels was seen in insulin-resistant patients, indicating that flexibility of circulating CRP levels is primarily dependent upon insulin sensitivity rather than energy supply.
authors: Department of Medical Sciences: Internal Medicine, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. Camilla.Holdstock@medsci.uu.se
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Holdstock
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Lind
authors: B Eden
authors: BE
authors: Engstrom
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Ohrvall
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Sundbom
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Larsson
authors: F A
authors: FA
authors: Karlsson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood* / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein / Q000032:analysis; D013548:Sweden
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D015850:Interleukin-6; D000685:Serum Amyloid A Protein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein