title: An excess of widespread pain among South Asians: are low levels of vitamin D implicated?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anecdotal reports from rheumatologists in the United Kingdom suggest that patients from South Asian backgrounds are more likely to report widespread body pain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the presence of an excess of widespread pain in South Asians, and to evaluate the relationship of their symptoms with levels of 25-OH vitamin D.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two population studies involving over 3135 subjects were carried out in the North West and Midlands areas of England.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The first study confirmed an excess of widespread pain among South Asians (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1). The second smaller study conducted only among young women also showed a similar excess of widespread pain among South Asians (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.7) and found that low levels of 25-OH vitamin D (<10 ng/ml) were more common among those with widespread pain (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 0.4 to 31.0).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Owing to the small numbers, the relationship between 25-OH vitamin D and widespread pain must be considered preliminary and requires further investigation. However, it may be one potentially treatable cause of widespread pain.
authors: Aberdeen Pain Research (Epidemiology) Group, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Polwarth Building Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland. g.j.macfarlane@abdn.ac.uk
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Macfarlane
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Palmer
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Roy
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Afzal
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Silman
authors: T
authors: T
authors: O'Neill
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001210:Asia, Southeastern / Q000208:ethnology; D044466:Asian People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000208:ethnology