Complement and Toll-like receptors: key regulators of adaptive immune responses.
The innate immune system provides sophisticated defense mechanisms to protect complex macroorganisms from the attack of microorganisms. Among those, the complement system and Toll-like receptors are of paramount importance to discriminate between infectious non-self and non-infectious self and to provide critical danger signals instructing adaptive immune responses. Here, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying complement and TLR-mediated regulation of adaptive immunity. We will focus on the regulation of T cell immunity and discuss recent findings on the cross-talk between complement receptor and TLR signaling pathways. Such cross-talk is likely to affect the outcome of infections with intracellular pathogens, as well as the initiation and maintenance of aberrant immune responses leading to autoimmunity and atopy.
Hawlisch
Heiko
H
Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Köhl
Jörg
J
D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015551:Autoimmunity / Q000502:physiology*; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*
D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; D003165:Complement System Proteins