Anticarcinogenic effects of glycoalkaloids from potatoes against human cervical, liver, lymphoma, and stomach cancer cells.
Methods were devised for the isolation of large amounts of pure alpha-chaconine and alpha-solanine from Dejima potatoes and for the extraction and analysis of total glycoalkaloids from five fresh potato varieties (Dejima, Jowon, Sumi, Toya, and Vora Valley). These compounds were then evaluated in experiments using a tetrazolium microculture (MTT) assay to assess the anticarcinogenic effects of (a) the isolated pure glycoalkaloids separately, (b) artificial mixtures of the two glycoalkaloids, and (c) the total glycoalkaloids isolated from each of the five potato varieties. All samples tested reduced the numbers of the following human cell lines: cervical (HeLa), liver (HepG2), lymphoma (U937), stomach (AGS and KATO III) cancer cells and normal liver (Chang) cells. The results show that (a) the effects of the glycoalkaloids were concentration dependent in the range of 0.1-10 mug/mL (0.117-11.7 nmol/mL); (b) alpha-chaconine was more active than was alpha-solanine; (c) some mixtures exhibited synergistic effects, whereas other produced additive ones; (d) the different cancer cells varied in their susceptibilities to destruction; and (e) the destruction of normal liver cells was generally lower than that of cancer liver cells. The decreases in cell populations were also observed visually by reversed-phase microscopy. The results complement related observations on the anticarcinogenic potential of food ingredients.
Friedman
Mendel
M
Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Albany, California 94710, USA. mfried@pw.usda.gov
Lee
Kap-Rang
KR
Kim
Hyun-Jeong
HJ
Lee
In-Seon
IS
Kozukue
Nobuyuke
N
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004032:Diet; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000473:pathology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D035281:Plant Tubers / Q000737:chemistry; D012992:Solanine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology
D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D012992:Solanine; C011860:alpha-chaconine