title: Leptin is associated with an increased female colorectal cancer risk: a nested case-control study in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate whether leptin is involved in the etiology of female colorectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study nested in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study. We compared serum leptin levels in 58 cases of female colorectal cancer with those in 145 controls matched for study area and age. Data were analyzed using a conditional logistic regression model with adjustments for known risk factors for the development of colorectal cancer. Quintile cutoff points were determined on the distribution of leptin levels in cases and controls combined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum geometric mean levels of leptin were 6.88 ng/ml in cases and 6.00 ng/ml in controls. The odds ratios of female colorectal cancer risk were 1.40 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.41-4.78) for the category of the second and third quintiles combined, and 4.84 (CI: 1.29-18.1) for the category of the fourth and fifth quintiles combined relative to the first quintile after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), life-style factors, reproductive factors, and hormonal variables including insulin-like growth factor and its binding protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that leptin most likely increases the risk of female colorectal cancer substantially independent of BMI.
authors: Department of Public Health/Health Information Dynamics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan. tamako@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Tamakoshi
authors: Hideaki
authors: H
authors: Toyoshima
authors: Kenji
authors: K
authors: Wakai
authors: Masayo
authors: M
authors: Kojima
authors: Koji
authors: K
authors: Suzuki
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Watanabe
authors: Norihiko
authors: N
authors: Hayakawa
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Yatsuya
authors: Takaaki
authors: T
authors: Kondo
authors: Shinkan
authors: S
authors: Tokudome
authors: Shuji
authors: S
authors: Hashimoto
authors: Sadao
authors: S
authors: Suzuki
authors: Miyuki
authors: M
authors: Kawado
authors: Kotaro
authors: K
authors: Ozasa
authors: Yoshinori
authors: Y
authors: Ito
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 / Q000097:blood; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II / Q000378:metabolism; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D020738:Leptin / Q000378:metabolism*; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D018972:Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; D020738:Leptin; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II