title: Experimental study of the inhibition of human hepatocarcinoma Bel7402 cells by the tripeptide tyroserleutide(YSL).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the antitumor effects of tyroserleutide (tyrosyl-seryl-leucine, YSL) on human Bel7402 hepatocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo, with preliminary exploration of its antitumor mechanism.
  
  
  METHODS
  MTT was used to observe the anticarcinogenic effects of YSL on human hepatocarcinoma Bel7402 cells in vitro. The ultrastructure of tumor cells was observed by electron microscopy. Nude mice bearing xenografts of human hepatocarcinoma Bel7402 were given daily i.p. injections of YSL or saline and an admixture of amino acids as controls, after tumor implantation. The inhibition of xenografts was determined by calculating the tumor volume and measuring tumor weight. The effects of YSL on the cell cycle and apoptosis of Bel7402 cells were determined by flow cytometry, and the effects on the ultrastructure of the cells by electron microscopy. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and proliferating-cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemical staining were used to investigate apoptosis in tumor tissue in nude mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vitro YSL inhibited the proliferation of human Bel7402 tumor cells and changed their ultrastructure, resulting in the necrosis and apoptosis of the tumor cells. YSL at 80, 160, or 320 microg/kg/d inhibited tumor growth in nude mice by 40.26, 64.17, and 59.19%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the inhibition exerted by saline and an admixture of YSL amino acids (P<0.05). The ultrastructure and cell cycle of human hepatocarcinoma Bel7402 cells were changed by treatment with YSL, with a rate of apoptosis higher than that of the control group. TUNEL and PCNA analysis showed that YSL inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells and induced apoptosis at the level of the cell.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  YSL significantly inhibited human hepatocarcinoma Bel7402 growth in vitro and in vivo. The growth inhibition of the tumor may involve necrosis and apoptosis of the tumor induced by YSL.
authors: Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
authors: Rong
authors: R
authors: Lu
authors: Jing
authors: J
authors: Jia
authors: Leyuan
authors: L
authors: Bao
authors: Zheng
authors: Z
authors: Fu
authors: Guoli
authors: G
authors: Li
authors: Song
authors: S
authors: Wang
authors: Zhuo
authors: Z
authors: Wang
authors: Mengjue
authors: M
authors: Jin
authors: Wenyuan
authors: W
authors: Gao
authors: Zhi
authors: Z
authors: Yao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009336:Necrosis; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D009842:Oligopeptides; C484773:H-Tyr-Ser-Leu-OH