title: Impaired systolic dysfunction of left ventricular longitudinal fibers: a sign of early hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) study by M-mode echocardiography can supply useful clinical information about left ventricular (LV) long-axis function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the hypothesis that AVPD estimation could be used to detect early hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population included 81 hypertensive patients with normal LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening, and 50 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. By utilizing M-mode and apical views, the following parameters were estimated: early mitral flow peak velocity (E) and deceleration time (DT), peak velocity of late mitral flow (A), A/E ratio, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), total AVPD, AVPD motion during atrial systole (At), systolic AVPD (total AVPD-At), and At/total AVPD ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 81 hypertensive patients, 16 (19.7%) had a normal (Group 1) and 65 (80.3%) an impaired LV relaxation filling pattern (Group 2). Mean total AVPD-At was significantly lower in Group 2 than in Group 1 (7.1 +/- 2 vs. 10.3 +/- 3 mm, p<0.001) and in Group 1 compared with healthy subjects (10.3 +/- 3 vs. 13.1 +/- 1 mm, p<0.001). Mean At and At/total AVPD were significantly higher in Group 2 than in Group 1 (46.9 +/- 8.6 vs. 37.7 +/- 8.7%, p<0.001), but not in Group 1 compared with healthy subjects (37.7 +/- 8.7 vs. 36 +/- 6%, p>0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertensive patients without overt systolic dysfunction demonstrate LV long-axis systolic dysfunction, while long-axis diastolic dysfunction always coexists with abnormal diastolic filling patterns. This suggests that long-axis systolic dysfunction precedes diastolic dysfunction at the same axis in hypertensive patients.
authors: First Department of Cardiology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors: Spyridon N
authors: SN
authors: Koulouris
authors: Kostantinos G
authors: KG
authors: Kostopoulos
authors: Konstantinos A
authors: KA
authors: Triantafyllou
authors: Ilias
authors: I
authors: Karabinos
authors: Tania P
authors: TP
authors: Bouki
authors: Haris I
authors: HI
authors: Karvounis
authors: Heyder
authors: H
authors: Omran
authors: Gerasimos
authors: G
authors: Filippatos
authors: Athanasios I
authors: AI
authors: Kranidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology