title: Insular cortex infarction in acute middle cerebral artery territory stroke: predictor of stroke severity and vascular lesion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insula infarction is an early computed tomographic sign of middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory stroke and may affect cardiovascular autonomic function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine insula involvement in MCA territory infarction and its relationship with infarcts in the remainder of the MCA territory, stroke severity, and clinically relevant cardiovascular conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case series (August 1, 1997, to June 30, 2000).
  
  
  METHODS
  Academic stroke center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 150 consecutive patients with nonlacunar MCA territory stroke who underwent magnetic resonance imaging within 48 hours of stroke onset.
  
  
  METHODS
  Association of insula infarction with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, location of vascular occlusion, and cardiovascular events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insular lesions were present in 72 patients (48%); 34 (23%) had major insular lesions and 38 (25%) had minor lesions. Insula infarction was associated with lenticulostriate territory infarction (46% vs 14%; P<.001), more than one third of MCA territory infarction (35% vs 3%; P<.001), higher NIHSS score (13.5 vs 6; P<.001), and proximal vascular occlusion detected on magnetic resonance angiography. These associations were strongest for patients with major insular lesions. Clinically significant new arrhythmia was present in 15 of 72 with insula infarction (13 atrial fibrillations) and 4 of 78 without (P = .06). Insula infarction was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure at admission but was not associated with pulse rate, QTc interval, myocardial infarction, or sudden death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The insular cortex is involved in almost half of patients with nonlacunar ischemic MCA territory strokes. Major insula involvement is associated with large MCA territory infarcts, proximal MCA occlusions, and greater stroke severity. Insula infarction was not a predictor of clinically significant acute cardiovascular events during hospital stay in our patients.
authors: Department of Medicine, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand. john.fink@chmeds.ac.nz
authors: John N
authors: JN
authors: Fink
authors: Magdy H
authors: MH
authors: Selim
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Kumar
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Voetsch
authors: Wing Chi
authors: WC
authors: Fong
authors: Louis R
authors: LR
authors: Caplan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*