title: [Effect of surface modification on surface energy of lactose and performance of dry powder inhalations].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of surface modification of lactose carrier on performance of dry powder inhalations (DPIs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Modified lactose surface was prepared using a "particle smoothing" process to obtain smooth carrier surface and low surface energy with the presence of magnesium stearate, colloidal silica dioxide and talc. Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to assess the surface energy of treated lactose, and the in vitro deposition of carrier-based IFNa-2b DPIs was evaluated with twin stage impinger.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The flowing property of lactose was greatly improved and the surface energy decreased by the "particle smoothing" process. Decreasing surface energy resulted in greater aspiration fraction of IFNa-2b.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGC is a potentially useful tool for rapid formulation design and screening.
authors: School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
authors: Rong-gao
authors: RG
authors: Jiang
authors: Peng-wei
authors: PW
authors: Zhang
authors: Li-qing
authors: LQ
authors: Wang
authors: Heng
authors: H
authors: Liu
authors: Wei-san
authors: WS
authors: Pan
authors: Chun-long
authors: CL
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000737:chemistry; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013229:Stearic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013627:Talc / Q000737:chemistry; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D011208:Powders; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D013229:Stearic Acids; D013627:Talc; C031183:stearic acid; D007785:Lactose