title: Prevention of edema in long flights with Pycnogenol.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevention of edema during long-haul flights with an oral, anti-edema and antithrombotic agent (Pycnogenol, Horphag, Research Management SA, Geneva, Switzerland) in asymptomatic subjects. The assessment of edema was performed by evaluating an analogue scale, the rate of ankle swelling by strain-gauge derived rate of ankle swelling (RAS), and by assessing the ankle circumference variation. The study included 211 subjects; 169 completed the study (88 in the control group and 81 in the Pycnogenol group). There were no important differences between the two groups (comparable for age, gender, weight, body mass index, and pattern distribution). The edema score, the RAS, and the circumference at inclusion were also comparable. After the flight in those treated with Pycnogenol, the edema score was increased only by 17.9% (vs. an increase of 58.3% in the control group) (p<0.05). The RAS, evaluated in 22 subjects in the Pycnogenol group (age 44.5; SD 8) and in 23 in the control group (age 45; SD 9) was increased on average by 91% in the control group and 36% in the Pycnogenol group (p<0.05). The variation on circumference at the ankle was 6% in the Pycnogenol group (11% in the control group; p<0.05). These results indicate a positive effect of Pycnogenol on edema during long flights when considering subjective and objective data. No unwanted effects were observed.
authors: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Irvine2 Vascular Lab, G D'Annunzio University and San Valentino Vascular Screening Project (Pe), Faculty of Motory Sciences, L'Aquila University, Italy.
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Cesarone
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Belcaro
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Rohdewald
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Pellegrini
authors: E
authors: E
authors: Ippolito
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Scoccianti
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ricci
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dugall
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Cacchio
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Ruffini
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Fano
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Acerbi
authors: M G
authors: MG
authors: Vinciguerra
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Bavera
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Di Renzo
authors: B M
authors: BM
authors: Errichi
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Mucci
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply; D001359:Aviation; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D015444:Exercise; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014195:Travel
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C024070:pycnogenols