title: Local anesthesia in transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: EMLA cream as a new alternative technique.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream in transrectal-guided prostate biopsy and to compare its effect with that of other injectable anesthetic procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty male patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels > 4 ng/ml or who had prostate nodules on digital rectal examination were randomly divided into four groups. In Group 1 (controls), prostate biopsy was performed after application of a placebo cream. In Group 2, local surface anesthesia with EMLA cream was performed 15 min before biopsy. Periprosthetic nerve blockade was performed with 1% prilocaine and 1% lidocaine in Groups 3 and 4, respectively. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS) after each core biopsy. In addition, blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen saturations were recorded after each biopsy and then at 5-min intervals for 15 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Average VAS scores in Groups 1-4 were 5.5, 2.9, 2.4 and 2.2, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the treatment groups and the placebo group (p = 0.000). There were no statistically significant differences in VAS scores between the three treatment groups (p2-3 = 0.126, p2-4 = 0.303, p3-4 = 0.537). We detected no statistically significant differences between the groups based on the hemodynamic data (pMAP = 0.899). Moreover, these measurements did not show statistically significant changes with time in any of the groups (p > 0. 05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intrarectal application of EMLA cream provides equal anesthesia to periprostatic nerve blockade with prilocaine and lidocaine.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, University of Kirikkale, Kirikkale, Turkey.
authors: Hülya
authors: H
authors: Başar
authors: M Murad
authors: MM
authors: Başar
authors: Saziye
authors: S
authors: Ozcan
authors: Serpil
authors: S
authors: Akpinar
authors: Halil
authors: H
authors: Başar
authors: Ertan
authors: E
authors: Batislam
mesh_terms: D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000368:Aged; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011467:Prostate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012007:Rectum
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D009824:Ointments; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen