Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for mesothelioma: impact of multileaf collimator leaf width and pencil beam size on planning quality and delivery efficiency.
OBJECTIVE
To compare treatment plans for multileaf collimators (MLCs) with different leaf widths and different finite pencil beam (FPB) sizes, to determine the planning quality and delivery efficiency of segmented MLC (SMLC) delivery of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM).


METHODS
Computerized tomography images of 10 right-side MPM patients were used for this planning study on a CORVUS treatment-planning system (NOMOS Corporation, Sewickley, PA) for a Varian Millennium 120-MLC (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Three beam models were used. The first model forced two 0.5-cm MLC leaves to move in tandem to simulate a 1-cm leaf-width MLC and a FPB size of 1 x 1 cm2. The second model used 0.5-cm leaves with a FPB size of 0.5 x 1 cm2 (1 cm in the direction of leaf movement). The third model used 0.5-cm leaves, with a FPB size of 0.5 x 0.5 cm2. For optimization, the same dose constraints and beam parameters were used for each data set. Tissue heterogeneity corrections were used during optimization and dose calculation. Plans were optimized such that the clinical target volume received 50 Gy in 25 fractions. Dose distributions to the target and normal structures were evaluated. The number of monitor units, the number of segments, and delivery times were used to evaluate delivery efficiency.


RESULTS
All three beam models could be used for IMRT planning for MPM. The doses to clinical target volume, spinal cord, lung, liver, heart, and contralateral kidney were acceptable with all three beam models. The 0.5 x 0.5-cm2 beam model used the most monitor units (6883 +/- 974 vs. 3332 +/- 406 and 3407 +/- 443 for the 1 x 1-cm2 and 0.5 x 1-cm2 models, respectively) and treated the most segments (4297 +/- 802 vs. 1357 +/- 156 and 1767 +/- 212 for the 1 x 1-cm2 and 0.5 x 1-cm2 models, respectively). The plan generated with the 1 x 1-cm2 model required the least amount of time to deliver.


CONCLUSIONS
The quality of the MPM IMRT plans generated with the three beam models presented here was similar; however, the 1 x 1-cm2 model provided the most efficient delivery of MPM IMRT with the CORVUS planning system.
Zhu
X Ronald
XR
Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. xrzhu@mdanderson.org
Prado
Karl
K
Liu
H Helen
HH
Guerrero
Thomas M
TM
Jeter
Melenda
M
Liao
Zhongxing
Z
Rice
David
D
Forster
Kenneth
K
Stevens
Craig W
CW
D000368:Aged; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D008654:Mesothelioma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010997:Pleural Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed