title: [Hepatic changes due to the administration of midazolam and ketamine--an experimental study].
abstract: The aim of the study was the investigation of the secondary effects at the hepatic level determined by anesthetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were used 4 groups of 10 mature white Wistar rats, males and females. Group I was the witness group. According to the experimental protocol, group II received midazolam and ketamine, group III--carbon tetrachloride and group IV--midazolam, ketamine and carbon tetrachloride. The hepatic fragments taken from the sacrificed animals after 4 weeks were processed for light microscopy (HE, van Gieson and Gömöri stains) and also for electronic microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Midazolam in association with ketamine determined at the hepatic level a series of morphologic changes, identified in light and electronic microscopy. The light microscopy analysis revealed a significant inflammatory syndrome, and many isolated cellular necroses (acidophile bodies--apoptotic cells). Moreover, the electronic microscopy study showed marked anomalies of the cellular components, even when light microscopy indicated only minor lesions. The predominant ultrastructural changes were the mitochondrial abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most numerous and diverse morphologic changes were observed at the group where carbon tetrachloride was administered in association with midazolam and ketamine. We can assert that carbon tetrachloride increased the aggressive potential of ketamine, manifested even in association with midazolam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although each of the two anesthetics does not have an evident hepatotoxicity, when they are associated with each other or they are administered with a known hepatotoxic substance, they determine hepatic lesions of various sizes and degrees.
authors: Spitalul de Urgenţă "Sf. Apostol Andrei" Galaţi, Universitatea de Medicină si Farmacie "Gr.T. Popa" Iaşi, Facultatea de Medicină Dentară.
authors: Al
authors: A
authors: Călăraşu
authors: Irina-Draga
authors: ID
authors: Căruntu
authors: Cătălina
authors: C
authors: Lupuşoru
authors: Doiniţa
authors: D
authors: Rădulescu
mesh_terms: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000700:Analgesics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000818:Animals; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000009:adverse effects; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008874:Midazolam / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023421:Models, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000759:Adjuvants, Anesthesia; D000700:Analgesics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D007649:Ketamine; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride; D008874:Midazolam