title: FMS*Calciumfluor specifically increases mRNA levels and induces signaling via MAPK 42,44 and not FAK in differentiating rat osteoblasts.
abstract: The homeopathic compound of resonance FMS*Calciumfluor (FMS*) reportedly promotes osteogenic differentiation of rat pre-osteoblasts in vitro. Here, we show that the continuous exposure of differentiating rat osteogenic cells (ROB) to FMS* modulates the level of expression of mRNAs for 7 of the 8 osteogenic markers tested. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC), metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and -14), procollagenase C (BMP-1), biglycan (BG) and integrin 1 are expressed at higher levels in FMS*-treated osteoblasts than in control cultures. MMP-2 and -14 mRNA are not down-modulated at mineralization. Also, the pattern of expression induced by FMS* for some of these genes (BMP-1, BG and integrin 1) is changed, but collagen type I (Coll I) mRNA levels are not affected by treatment with FMS*. This suggests that FMS* modulates mRNA levels and that this is not generalized, but gene(s) specific. We also report that exposure to FMS* rapidly and transiently induces activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) 42,44 in populations of early osteoblasts, but not in pre-osteoblasts, with a cell differentiation stage-dependent and pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive response. Subsequent to FMS* MAPK signaling activation, an increase in AP and MMP-14 mRNA is detected, which is also inhibited by PTX, suggesting that FMS* activation of MAPK signaling could be an early event required for the induction of these genes. Exposure to FMS* does not cause changes in the activity of p125 (FAK)-mediated signaling.
authors: Laboratorio di Genetica, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Genova, C. Europa 26, Italy. man-via@unige.it
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Manduca
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Marchisio
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Astigiano
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Zanotti
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Galmozzi
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Palermo
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Palmieri
mesh_terms: D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D022001:Focal Adhesions; D006705:Homeopathy; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000378:metabolism; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013977:Tibia
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C496052:Ptk2 protein, rat; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D053504:Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D005459:Fluorides