title: Occupational obstructive airway diseases in Germany: Frequency and causes in an international comparison.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupational inhalative exposures contribute to a significant proportion of obstructive airway diseases (OAD), namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  The number of occupational OAD in the German industrial sector for the year 2003 are presented. Other analyses of surveillance data were retrieved from Medline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most confirmed reports of OAD are cases of sensitizer induced occupational asthma (625 confirmed cases) followed by COPD in coal miners (414 cases), irritant induced occupational asthma (156 cases), and isocyanate asthma (54 cases). Main causes of occupational asthma in Germany comprise flour/flour constituents (35.9%), food/feed dust (9.0%), and isocyanates (6.5%). Flour and grain dust is a frequent cause of occupational asthma in most European countries and South Africa. Isocyanates are still a problem worldwide.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although wide differences in the estimated incidences between countries exist due to deficits in the coverage of occupational OAD, the high numbers necessitate improvement of preventive measures.
authors: Institute for Occupational Medicine, University of Hamburg, Hamburg State Department for Science and Health, Germany. latza@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors: Ute
authors: U
authors: Latza
authors: Xaver
authors: X
authors: Baur
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017953:Isocyanates / Q000633:toxicity; D016239:MEDLINE; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009790:Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012042:Registries; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017953:Isocyanates