title: Peritoneal nebulizer: a novel technique for delivering intraperitoneal therapeutics in laparoscopic surgery to prevent locoregional recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peritoneal involvement is a significant issue in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies. Current statistics indicate that after surgical intervention, up to 20% of patients will present with locoregional metastasis. The ability to inhibit initial tumor adhesion to the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum may be considered critical in the inhibition of tumor development. This article describes, the use of a novel nebulizer system capable of delivering high-concentration, low-dose therapeutics to the peritoneal cavity.
  
  
  METHODS
  For this study, 30 male WAG rats were inoculated with CC531 colorectal tumor cells. The rats were randomized into three groups: control group (n = 10), heparin-treated group (n = 10), and high-molecular-weight hyaluronan-treated group (n = 10). A peritoneal cancer index was used to determine tumor burden at 15 days. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare multiple group means.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nebulization therapy was performed without any complication in the cohort. Heparin inhibited macroscopic intraperitoneal tumor growth completely (p = 0.0001) without affecting tumor cell viability. The introduction of hyaluronan attenuated both tumor size and distribution, was compared with the control group (p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nebulized heparin and hyaluronic acid using a novel nebulization technique attenuates peritoneal tumor growth after laparoscopic surgery. The technique itself is easy to use and safe.
authors: Department of Surgical Oncology and Technology, St. Mary's Hospital, London W2 1NY, United Kingdom. n.alkhamesi@imperial.ac.uk
authors: N A
authors: NA
authors: Alkhamesi
authors: P F
authors: PF
authors: Ridgway
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ramwell
authors: P W
authors: PW
authors: McCullough
authors: D H
authors: DH
authors: Peck
authors: A W
authors: AW
authors: Darzi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004867:Equipment Design; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010537:Peritoneum; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006820:Hyaluronic Acid; D006493:Heparin