title: Mediators involved in decreasing peripheral vascular resistance with carbachol in the rat hind limb perfusion model.
abstract: We examined the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) and/or endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) in decreasing peripheral vascular resistance in the rat hind limb perfusion model and analyzed the identity of EDHF in this model. The potency of carbachol (CCh) to produce relaxation was quantitatively similar to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). CCh-induced relaxation was abolished after endothelial denudation, but resistant to nitroarginine and indomethacin. The relaxation was inhibited by tetraethylammonium, ouabain, charybdotoxin plus apamin, and under depolarization. SNP-induced relaxation was accompanied by increased cGMP production, which was inhibited by ODQ (1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-l-one). Although CCh produced a similar extent of relaxation to SNP, the cGMP level was 24 times lower than that with SNP. Low KCl produced a definite relaxation, which was inhibited by ouabain, but independent of NO, prostacyclin, and endothelium. 1-EBIO (1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone) as an activator of IK(Ca) channel also produced a concentration-dependent relaxation, which was inhibited by charybdotoxin, ouabain, and depolarization, but independent of NO and prostacyclin. Clotrimazole and 17-octadecynoic acid as inhibitors of P(450) monooxygenase inhibited the CCh-induced relaxation. Meanwhile, catalase at a concentration sufficient to inhibit H(2)O(2)-induced relaxation did not exert definite inhibition of the CCh-induced relaxation. These results suggest that CCh produces an endothelium-dependent, EDHF-dependent, and NO-cGMP-independent relaxation and that K(+) and metabolite(s) of P(450) monooxygenase possibly play an important role for this relaxation.
authors: Department of Comprehensive Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical & Dental University, Japan.
authors: Renzo Y
authors: RY
authors: Loyaga-Rendon
authors: Shuichi
authors: S
authors: Sakamoto
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Aso
authors: Keiko
authors: K
authors: Iwasaki-Kurashige
authors: Ryoko
authors: R
authors: Takahashi
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Azuma
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000502:physiology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D017629:Gap Junctions / Q000502:physiology; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010477:Perfusion; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D009599:Nitroprusside; D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol; D006152:Cyclic GMP; C102635:1-ethyl-2-benzimidazolinone