title: The modified ABC model explains the development of the petaloid perianth of Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis (Agapanthaceae) flowers.
abstract: The class B genes, which belong to the MADS-box gene family, play important roles in regulating the development of petals and stamens in flowering plants. To understand the molecular mechanisms of floral development in Agapanthus praecox ssp. orientalis (Agapanthaceae), we isolated and characterized the homologs of the Antirrhinum majus genes GLOBOSA and DEFICIENS in this plant. These were designated as ApGLO and ApDEF, respectively. ApGLO and ApDEF contain open reading frames that encode deduced protein with 210 and 214 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ApGLO and ApDEF belong to the monocot class B gene family. In situ hybridization experiments revealed that hybridization signals of ApGLO and ApDEF were observed in whorl 1 as well as in whorls 2 and 3. Moreover, the flowers of transgenic Arabidopsis plants that ectopically expressed ApGLO formed petal-like organs in whorl 1. These observations indicate that the flower developmental mechanism of Agapanthus follows the modified ABC model.
authors: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, 980-8577 Aoba-ku Sendai, Japan. kanno@ige.tohoku.ac.jp
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Nakamura
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Fukuda
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Nakano
authors: Mitsuyasu
authors: M
authors: Hasebe
authors: Toshiaki
authors: T
authors: Kameya
authors: Akira
authors: A
authors: Kanno
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D026281:DEFICIENS Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D035264:Flowers / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D005838:Genotype; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: D026281:DEFICIENS Protein; D018076:DNA, Complementary; C102172:GLOBOSA protein, plant; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D026161:MADS Domain Proteins; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger