title: Association between serum pepsinogens and polymorphismof PTPN11 encoding SHP-2 among Helicobacter pylori seropositive Japanese.
abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a crucial role in the development of gastric atrophy and cancer, and cagA-positive strains, which are universal in Japan, increase the risk of these outcomes substantially. The CagA protein is injected from attached H. pylori into gastric epithelial cells and undergoes Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the eukaryotic phosphatase SHP-2. The CagA/SHP-2 interactions elicit cellular changes that increase the risk of carcinogenesis. We investigated the association of a frequent single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; JST057927; G-to-A) in the PTPN11 gene that encodes SHP-2 with gastric atrophy and gastric cancer in Japan. Gastric atrophy was assessed by measuring serum pepsinogen I and II levels. The subjects comprised 454 healthy controls (126 males; mean age, 58.4) and 202 gastric cancer cases (134 males and 68 females; mean age, 66.7). All gastric cancer cases and 250 (55%) controls were H. pylori seropositive; 179 (89%) of the gastric cancer cases had gastric atrophy compared to 137 (55%) of the H. pylori seropositive controls (p < 0.001). Among HP seropositive controls compared to the common PTPN11 G/G genotype, the odds ratio of atrophy was nonsignificantly reduced with the G/A genotype (0.70; 95% CI = 0.39-1.25) and significantly reduced with the A/A genotype (0.09; 95% CI = 0.01-0.72). Lower risk for gastric atrophy had a gene-dose association with the A allele (p = 0.01, trend test). There was a clear deficiency of the A/A genotype in those with atrophy compared to those without (1 subject in the gastric atrophy group vs. 8 in the group without). Cancer cases differed from controls in frequencies of PTPN11 G/A genotype only because of a higher prevalence of atrophy among the cancer cases. The G/A SNP in the PTPN11 gene appears to be a risk factor for gastric atrophy in subjects infected with cagA-positive H. pylori. This may explain why only a proportion of CagA-positive individuals develop gastric atrophy and gastric cancer, even though infection with cagA strains is universal in Asian countries such as Japan. The functional consequences of the G/A polymorphism remain to be elucidated.
authors: Department of Gastroenterology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
authors: Yasuyuki
authors: Y
authors: Goto
authors: Takafumi
authors: T
authors: Ando
authors: Kazuhito
authors: K
authors: Yamamoto
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Tamakoshi
authors: Emad
authors: E
authors: El-Omar
authors: Hidemi
authors: H
authors: Goto
authors: Nobuyuki
authors: N
authors: Hamajima
mesh_terms: D001284:Atrophy; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020116:Pepsinogen A / Q000097:blood*; D020115:Pepsinogen C / Q000097:blood*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013270:Stomach / Q000473:pathology*; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D020115:Pepsinogen C; D020116:Pepsinogen A; C516724:PTPN11 protein, human; D054592:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases