title: The olfactory organ modulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone types and nest-building behavior in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
abstract: Direct olfactory inputs to any of the known gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) containing neurons have not been demonstrated. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to examine whether olfactory inputs might in some way interact with the GnRH system(s) to synchronize reproductive behaviors. In order to establish this, we used anosmic mature male tilapia to investigate changes in reproductive behaviors, gonadal morphology, and GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH3 cellular morphology and change in GnRH mRNA levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Bilateral removal of the olfactory rosettes followed by occlusion of the nasal cavity (ORX) inhibited nest-building behavior, but had no effect on aggressive and sexual behaviors or gonadal morphology. ORX failed to alter the morphological features of GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH3 (cell number, size, GnRH optical density), but significantly decreased copies of GnRH1 and GnRH2 mRNAs. GnRH immunoreactive fibers were not evident in the olfactory nerve and rosettes. DiI application to the olfactory nerve labeled inputs primarily to the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulbs and extrabulbar inputs to the forebrain but not to GnRH neurons. These results provide evidence that the olfactory rosette is crucial for modulating nest-building behavior through second-order olfactory pathways interacting with GnRH1 and GnRH2 neuronal systems.
authors: Department of Physiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Uchida
authors: Satoshi
authors: S
authors: Ogawa
authors: Mina
authors: M
authors: Harada
authors: Masato
authors: M
authors: Matushita
authors: Munehico
authors: M
authors: Iwata
authors: Yasuo
authors: Y
authors: Sakuma
authors: Ishwar S
authors: IS
authors: Parhar
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression / Q000502:physiology; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D048429:Cell Size; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009833:Olfactory Pathways / Q000502:physiology*; D010902:Pituitary Gland / Q000166:cytology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D017210:Tilapia
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C098463:dolaisoleucine; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone