title: Induction therapy with low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide, oral mizoribine, and steroids for severe lupus nephritis in children.
abstract: Although immunosuppressive regimens of corticosteroids combined with high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (IVCY) have been reported to suppress the activity of lupus nephritis, there is controversy regarding its application for children and adolescents, because of its potential toxicity including gonadal dysfunction. On the basis of the recent finding that a low-dose IVCY regimen for induction therapy in adult lupus nephritis effectively achieves renal remission comparable with that achieved with a conventional high-dose IVCY regimen, we treated two children with severe lupus nephritis by low-dose (fixed dose of 500 mg m(-2), cumulative dose 3 g m(-2), approximately one-fourth of the conventional high-dose IVCY regimen) IVCY and oral mizoribine (5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) and steroids (3 methylprednisolone pulse followed by oral prednisolone). They responded well to this regimen, showing remarkable improvement in both histological and clinical manifestations in a short period of time. From these findings we suggest that the new low-dose IVCY regimen may be as effective as the conventional high-dose IVCY regimen, without significant adverse effect, for induction therapy in children with severe lupus nephritis (class III or IV).
authors: Division of Nephrology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan. f_shuich@d2.dion.ne.jp
authors: Shuichiro
authors: S
authors: Fujinaga
authors: Kazunari
authors: K
authors: Kaneko
authors: Yoshiyuki
authors: Y
authors: Ohtomo
authors: Hitohiko
authors: H
authors: Murakami
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Takada
authors: Shunji
authors: S
authors: Akashi
authors: Mayako
authors: M
authors: Hira
authors: Yuichiro
authors: Y
authors: Yamashiro
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002648:Child; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012074:Remission Induction; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C010052:mizoribine; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011239:Prednisolone; D008775:Methylprednisolone