title: Retinoblastoma in the eye of a llama (Llama glama).
abstract: METHODS
  A 6-year-old, pregnant female llama experienced a 6-month history of epiphora, buphthalmos, and acute loss of vision in the left eye. The condition was unresponsive to topical antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory therapy and progressed to corneal rupture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Transpalpebral enucleation was performed and an intraorbital silicone prosthesis was implanted. The eye was fixed in formalin and processed according to routine paraffin technique. Sections of a mass were immunohistochemically prepared routinely and stained for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-antigen, and rhodopsin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gross, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical analysis revealed a retinal tumor consistent with a retinoblastoma. The neoplastic tissue formed Flexner-Wintersteiner and Homer-Wright rosettes, originated from the retina, and demonstrated photoreceptor differentiation with S-antigen and rhodopsin expression. Neoplastic cells were negative for GFAP. Four years after enucleation, the llama showed no signs of recurrent neoplasia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This report describes the diagnosis and successful treatment of the first known retinoblastoma in a llama.
authors: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA. michael.fugaro@ag.state.nj.us
authors: Michael N
authors: MN
authors: Fugaro
authors: Matti
authors: M
authors: Kiupel
authors: Fabiano
authors: F
authors: Montiani-Ferreira
authors: Jan F
authors: JF
authors: Hawkins
authors: Evan B
authors: EB
authors: Janovitz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002161:Camelids, New World; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*