title: Redefining lipodystrophy syndrome: risks and impact on clinical decision making.
abstract: Lipodystrophy syndrome comprises several conditions (lipoatrophy; lipohypertrophy; mixed syndrome, often associated with dyslipidemia; and insulin resistance). These conditions, though sometimes occurring together, may occur independently, suggesting a complex, multifactorial cause. To elucidate the relative contribution of risk factors of drug, disease, and host to fat redistribution, large epidemiologic studies using multivariate analysis were reviewed. In studies assessing lipoatrophy, the most common statistically significant risk factors were use of specific nucleoside analogues, increasing age, presence of markers of disease severity (CD4/HIV RNA), duration of therapy, and white race. In studies assessing lipohypertrophy, the most common statistically significant risk factors were duration of therapy, markers of disease severity, and protease inhibitor use. The pathogenesis of these disorders is complex, but recent hypotheses and evidence suggest that impairment to adipocyte differentiation, impairment of adipokine regulation, unopposed production of proinflammatory cytokines, dysregulation of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial toxicity may play a role.
authors: University of Colorado Infectious Disease Group Practice, Denver, 80262, USA. didc.kal@juno.com
authors: Kenneth A
authors: KA
authors: Lichtenstein
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000503:physiopathology; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents