Medication and supplement use by athletes.
Athletes are affected in various ways by medications and supplements. Physicians caring for athletes need to be aware of medicines that athletes are taking and how they may interact with performance, exercise, environment, and other medicines. Athletes may attempt to gain a performance advantage with the use of a variety of dietary supplements and performance enhancers. Physicians must be knowledgeable of these so that athletes are properly educated about potential benefits and risks and physical effects. This article first reviews common medicines that athletes use and their potential efficacy and interactions with exercise and environment, then reviews dietary supplements and the data on their efficacy for performance enhancement. Finally, current and future doping issues are discussed.
Ciocca
Mario
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Department of Sports Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, James A. Taylor Student Health Services Building, CB #7470, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7470, USA. ciocca@email.unc.edu
D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003401:Creatine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010787:Photosensitivity Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods*; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014815:Vitamins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D013256:Steroids; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins; D004921:Erythropoietin; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D003401:Creatine