title: Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation mimicking post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder.
abstract: Approximately 5% of patients with end-stage cirrhosis undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation have occult hepatocellular carcinoma. Careful follow up is required to detect recurrent tumour, and knowledge of the patterns of recurrence may avoid diagnostic confusion with other malignancies, such as post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. This case report illustrates an unusual presentation of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in a 56-year-old man presenting with a para-aortic soft tissue mass, thought clinically and radiologically to represent lymphoma or post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder. This case demonstrates that recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma can present late after transplantation as retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, and should alert physicians and radiologists to be aware of the radiological appearances of recurrence and of the need for early biopsy to avoid diagnostic confusion with other malignancies.
authors: Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. sgho@interchange.ubc.ca
authors: S G F
authors: SG
authors: Ho
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Phillips
authors: R F J
authors: RF
authors: Browne
authors: P L
authors: PL
authors: Munk
authors: G M
authors: GM
authors: Legiehn
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Yoshida
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Davis
authors: S W
authors: SW
authors: Chung
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Scudamore
mesh_terms: D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011859:Radiography