title: Ear involvement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluates the degree of hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examines the correlation between hearing impairment and the clinical data or chemical mediators.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Both sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL) have been reported in patients with RA, but the results of most studies are not in agreement, and the pathophysiology of hearing impairment in RA is not well known.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hearing in patients with RA and controls was examined using pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. Also, the amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in addition to antibodies against type II collagen in plasma of the patients with RA were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of SNHL in the patients with RA was higher than in normal controls (36.1% versus 13.9%), and bone conduction at 2,000 Hz differed significantly between the patients with RA and the controls (p < 0.01). Moreover, the presence of SNHL was related to ESR (p < 0.05), plasma interleukin-6 (p < 0.05), and plasma matrix metalloproteinase-3 (p < 0.001). On the other hand, CHL was not observed, whereas As-type tympanograms increased in the patients with RA (p < 0.01). Abnormal tympanograms were not related to any clinical findings or any chemical mediators tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We demonstrated that there is increased SNHL in patients with RA, which may result from systemic inflammation and tissue injury, and increased latent-type CHL caused by stiffness of the middle ear system whose mechanisms are not yet clear.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, St. Marianna Medical University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Mitsuharu
authors: M
authors: Takatsu
authors: Megumu
authors: M
authors: Higaki
authors: Hirotsugu
authors: H
authors: Kinoshita
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Mizushima
authors: Izumi
authors: I
authors: Koizuka
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006314:Hearing Loss, Conductive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000097:blood; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9