Physiological levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma: a normative study.
Numerous recent studies have reported a significant inflammatory reaction in the brain and the systemic circulation following traumatic brain injury (TBI), infection, or neoplasm of the brain with a sequential release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Although there is growing knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms leading to the often poor outcome of these patients, only a limited database exists on the physiological expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and molecules in plasma and particularly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, we analyzed paired plasma/CSF samples of healthy human volunteers for the physiological concentrations of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, soluble TNF-receptors (sTNF-R) p55 and p75, soluble ICAM (sICAM), and soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin). A physiological release of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and sTNF-R p55 and p75 was detected in plasma and CSF. In contrast, sICAM and sE-selectin were only detectable in plasma. Pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators exhibited different concentration patterns in plasma and CSF, suggesting a pro-inflammatory predisposition in the central nervous system.
Maier
Bernd
B
Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Medical School University Hospital, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Laurer
Helmut-Leopold
HL
Rose
Stefan
S
Buurman
W A
WA
Marzi
Ingo
I
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D007378:Interleukins / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures
D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007378:Interleukins; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1