title: Self-efficacy in patients with clinical manifestations of vascular diseases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with established cardiovascular disease are at high risk of developing new vascular events or death. This risk can be reduced by lifelong treatment of risk factors and by permanent changes in lifestyle. Self-efficacy is important for achieving behavior change by self-management. The self-efficacy of different vascular risk factors subgroups in patients with clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular diseases was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 2001 to September 2003, 192 patients with recently established clinically manifest atherosclerotic disease with > or = 2 modifiable vascular risk factors were selected for the study. The mean self-efficacy scores were calculated for vascular risk factors (age, sex, vascular disease, weight, diabetes mellitus, smoking behavior, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and hyperhomocysteinemia).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetes, overweight, and smoking, but none of the other risk factors, were significantly associated with the level of self-efficacy in these patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with vascular diseases appear to have high levels of self-efficacy regarding medication use, exercise, and controlling weight. In patients with diabetes, overweight, and in smokers, self-efficacy levels were lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nursing care and research on developing self-efficacy based interventions, lower self-efficacy levels can be taken into account for specific vascular patient groups.
authors: Department of Vascular Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Room L.00.407, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. B.Sol@umcutrecht.nl
authors: Berna G M
authors: BG
authors: Sol
authors: Yolanda
authors: Y
authors: van der Graaf
authors: Jaap J
authors: JJ
authors: van der Bijl
authors: Nadine B G
authors: NB
authors: Goessens
authors: Frank L J
authors: FL
authors: Visseren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000150:complications; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000150:complications; D020138:Hyperhomocysteinemia / Q000150:complications; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009426:Netherlands; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D040242:Risk Reduction Behavior; D012648:Self Care / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*