title: The expression of immune-regulatory genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, during amoebic gill disease (AGD).
abstract: Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is an ectoparasitic disease caused by infection with the protozoan Neoparamoeba sp. and is characterised by epithelial hyperplasia that manifests as gill lesions. In order to examine the nature of the immune response to AGD, the expression of a range of immune-regulatory genes was examined in naïve uninfected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and naïve rainbow trout subjected to a laboratory-induced AGD infection. The immune-regulatory genes examined were interleukin-1 beta isoform 1 (IL-1beta1), tumour necrosis factor alpha isoforms 1 and 2 (TNF-alpha1, TNF-alpha2), interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor beta isoform 1 (TGF-beta1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), major histocompatibility complex beta chain (MHC-II beta-chain) and T-cell receptor beta chain (TCR beta-chain). Immune-regulatory genes that were up/down-regulated in AGD-infected trout compared to uninfected controls at 0, 7, and 14 days post-inoculation (p.i.) in gill, liver and anterior kidney tissue were initially identified by means of semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Up/down-regulated immune-regulatory genes were subsequently quantitated and validated by real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The extent of AGD-associated pathology was consistent amongst all AGD-infected trout at 7 days p.i. and increased considerably by 14 days p.i. At both 7 and 14 days p.i. IL-1beta1 and iNOS gene expression was significantly up-regulated in the gills, and IL-8 was significantly up-regulated in the liver of AGD-infected trout at 7 days p.i. These data demonstrate the involvement of the immune response to AGD at the molecular level, and indicate the importance of this response at the site of infection and the possible involvement of a systemic immune response.
authors: School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute and Aquafin CRC, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1370, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia. andrew.bridle@utas.edu.au
authors: Andrew R
authors: AR
authors: Bridle
authors: Richard N
authors: RN
authors: Morrison
authors: Barbara F
authors: BF
authors: Nowak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017931:DNA Primers; D005393:Fish Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology / Q000473:pathology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D016840:Lobosea; D017686:Oncorhynchus mykiss; D011528:Protozoan Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D011529:Protozoan Infections, Animal; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha