title: In vivo assessment of myocardial blood flow in rat heart using magnetic resonance imaging: effect of anesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the influence of isoflurane and pentobarbital anesthesia and the carrier gases on myocardial blood flow (MBF) in the rat heart in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  MBF was quantified in vivo using arterial spin-labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Left ventricular (LV) function was estimated during the same experiment using cine-MRI. Thirty-four male Wistar-Kyoto rats were divided in four groups, one anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen:nitrous oxide mix (ISO), the three others with intraperitoneal pentobarbital, and breathing either room air (PB), oxygen:nitrous oxide (PB + N(2)O), or oxygen:nitrogen (PB + N(2)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  MBF was significantly higher in the ISO and PB + N(2)O groups vs. PB and in ISO vs. PB + N(2), with the following respective MBF values: ISO, 5.9 +/- 1.1; PB, 4.0 +/- 0.8; PB + N(2)O, 5.1 +/- 1.4; and PB + N(2), 4.6 +/- 0.8 mL/g/minute, mean +/- SD. Ejection fractions were reduced by 10% in PB and PB + N(2)O rats vs. ISO rats. Cardiac output (CO) and index (CI) were 25 to 30% lower in all rats anesthetized with pentobarbital than with isoflurane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Isoflurane and nitrous oxide induce a higher MBF than pentobarbital. Isoflurane also induces a higher ejection fraction in healthy rats.
authors: Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS 6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005 Marseille, France.
authors: Isabelle
authors: I
authors: Iltis
authors: Frank
authors: F
authors: Kober
authors: Christiane
authors: C
authors: Dalmasso
authors: Carole
authors: C
authors: Lan
authors: Patrick J
authors: PJ
authors: Cozzone
authors: Monique
authors: M
authors: Bernard
mesh_terms: D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000379:methods; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D010424:Pentobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane; D010424:Pentobarbital; D009609:Nitrous Oxide