title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 during acute human renal allograft rejection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2 (COX-1 and COX-2) are important in renal physiology and in many abnormal states. However, there is poor information about them during renal allograft rejection. The purpose of this study was to analyze cyclooxygenases expression in renal tissue allograft during acute rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  COX-1 and COX-2 transcripts and proteins were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry in samples from human renal allografts obtained from nephrectomy because of irreversible acute rejection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In samples with acute rejection, we detected higher expression of COX-2 mRNA in comparison with COX-1 (p < 0.001) being COX-2 expression not different from COX-1 in samples from renal allografts without acute rejection. COX-1 and COX-2 localization was in accordance with data described in literature, however COX-2 protein was higher in interstitial cells in the group with rejection than in the group without rejection (p = 0.04). In addition, in samples with acute rejection COX-2 immunoreactivity was more prominent in podocytes (p < 0.001), in proximal tubules (p < 0.001), in collecting duct cells (p = 0.003) and in interstitial cells (p < 0.001) when compared with COX-1.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that there is an increased production of COX-2 during acute renal rejection.
authors: Division of Nephrology, Hopsital do Rim e Hipertensão and Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors: Erika B
authors: EB
authors: Rangel
authors: Luiz A
authors: LA
authors: Moura
authors: Marcello F
authors: MF
authors: Franco
authors: Alvaro
authors: A
authors: Pacheco-Silva
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger