title: Compatibility and stability of Imexon in infusion devices and its in vitro biocompatibility.
abstract: Imexon is an investigational anti-cancer agent, pharmaceutically formulated as a lyophilized solid for i.v. infusion requiring reconstitution and subsequent dilution in infusion fluid before infusion. Imexon contains a highly reactive aziridine ring in its structure, which limits its stability in aqueous solutions. In the present study, several in vitro studies were conducted to determine the administration parameters for use in the forthcoming phase I clinical trial. The stability of Imexon in the reconstituted solution and infusion solutions was investigated, including its tendency to degrade to its main degradation product BM41.209, and to its hydroxy and chloride adducts. The compatibility of the infusion solution with glass, low-density polyethylene and freeflex polyolefin containers, and its potency to cause vascular irritation and hemolysis upon i.v. infusion were investigated. Imexon was found to be stable for 8 h in the reconstituted product and for 2 h after dilution to infusion solution concentrations in normal saline. The infusion solution was compatible with the freeflex polyolefin container and polyvinylchloride infusion lining, showing no sorption of Imexon during a 15-min infusion duration and no release of the plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate. Furthermore, Imexon infusion solution showed no indication for vascular irritation or hemolysis upon i.v. infusion, as measured with a static in vitro model with incubation with whole blood. In conclusion, Imexon should be administered using a freeflex polyolefin infusion container within 2 h after preparation and a 15-min infusion duration. The results obtained with an in vitro model show that no vascular irritation or hemolysis is expected upon i.v. infusion.
authors: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. apmbk@slz.nl
authors: Monique W J
authors: MW
authors: den Brok
authors: Bastiaan
authors: B
authors: Nuijen
authors: Eric E
authors: EE
authors: Challa
authors: Christian
authors: C
authors: Lutz
authors: Hans Georg
authors: HG
authors: Opitz
authors: Jos H
authors: JH
authors: Beijnen
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004344:Drug Incompatibility; D004349:Drug Packaging; D004355:Drug Stability; D005612:Freeze Drying; D006461:Hemolysis; D006588:Hexanones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D006588:Hexanones; C014919:4-imino-1,3-diazabicyclo(3.1.0)hexan-2-one