title: Non-malignant occupational respiratory diseases in Germany in comparison with those of other countries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present recent data on the occurrence of non-malignant occupational airway diseases in Germany and to compare mainly affected occupations of obstructive airway diseases caused by allergens and irritants with available surveillance data from other countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sources of German data were statistics for the year 2003 of the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs and of the federation of statutory accident insurance institutions for the industrial sector.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Confirmed cases of non-malignant occupational respiratory diseases in Germany are mainly benign asbestos-associated diseases (occupational disease no. 4103: 1,975 cases), silicosis/coal worker's pneumoconiosis (occupational disease no. 4101: 1,158 cases), obstructive airway diseases due to allergens (occupational disease no. 4301: 935 cases), chronic obstructive bronchitis and/or emphysema in hard coal miners (occupational disease no. 4111: 414 cases), obstructive airway diseases due to irritants and toxic agents (occupational disease no. 4302: 181 cases), diseases caused by ionising radiation (171 cases), diseases due to isocyanates (occupational disease no. 1315: 55 cases), and 22 cases of other rare occupational lung and airway diseases. Miners, bakers, chemical workers, hairdressers and health care workers are mostly affected. Bakers were also frequently affected by occupational asthma in Finland, France, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the Piedmont region in Italy, South Africa, and New Zealand. Further, high frequencies of occupational asthma were reported for health care workers in France, Italy, New Jersey, Michigan, and South Africa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite completely different legal definitions and regulations, comparably high numbers of occupational obstructive diseases in western countries require better primary and secondary prevention in industries with high incidence, especially in bakeries, the health care sector, farming, and mining. Furthermore, there is a urgent need for harmonization of recognition and compensation systems for occupational diseases as well as of respective preventive strategies within the European Union.
authors: Hamburg State Department for Science and Health, Institute for Occupational Medicine, University of Hamburg, Germany. baur@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors: X
authors: X
authors: Baur
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Latza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D000485:Allergens / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007509:Irritants / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D016272:Occupational Health; D009790:Occupations; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D007509:Irritants