title: Glucagon-like peptide-1 release and satiety after a nutrient challenge in normal-weight and obese subjects.
abstract: The present study was conducted to assess whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release and appetite after a breakfast with or without an additional galactose/guar gum stimulation is different in normal-weight compared with overweight/obese subjects. Twenty-eight overweight/obese (BMI 30.3 (sd 2.7) kg/m2; age 44.3 (sd 9.7) years) and thirty normal-weight subjects (BMI 22.8 (sd 1.4), age 31.5 (sd12.8) years) participated in a crossover study. Fasting and postprandial plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucose and free fatty acid concentrations were measured in response to either a galactose (50 g)/guar gum (2.5 g) load (836 kJ) and a standard breakfast (1.9 MJ; GG), or water (250 ml) and the standard breakfast (W) every 30 min relative to the ingestion for 120 min. Appetite was assessed using 100 mm visual analogue scales. GLP-1 concentrations were significantly increased after GG at 30 and 60 min compared with W in both groups. Plasma GLP-1 concentrations in the W condition were higher in normal-weight than overweight/obese subjects (P=0.03). No difference was observed in the GG condition between groups. Satiety was increased in normal-weight compared with overweight/obese subjects in the GG condition at 30 (P=0.02) and 60 (P=0.04) min. We conclude that after a standard breakfast with water, GLP-1 release was lower in the overweight/obese than the normal-weight subjects. However, postprandial GLP-1 release in overweight/obese subjects was no different from that of normal-weight subjects when galactose/guar gum was added to the breakfast. The latter was not mirrored by subjective feelings of satiety. Disturbed perception of the physiological feedback of a satiety hormone rather than disturbed feedback itself might contribute to obesity.
authors: Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands. T.Adam@hb.unimaas.nl
authors: Tanja C M
authors: TC
authors: Adam
authors: Margriet S
authors: MS
authors: Westerterp-Plantenga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001069:Appetite Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004435:Eating / Q000502:physiology; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005685:Galactans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005690:Galactose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005934:Glucagon / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008351:Mannans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D053149:Plant Gums; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D012528:Satiety Response / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005685:Galactans; D007328:Insulin; D008351:Mannans; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D053149:Plant Gums; D011498:Protein Precursors; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D005934:Glucagon; C007894:guar gum; D005690:Galactose