title: Bacterial sinusitis as a cause of beak deformity in an Antipodes Island parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor).
abstract: METHODS
  From 26 days of age, an Antipodes Island parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) was noted to have a severe beak deformity and reduced bodyweight gain compared to its nest mate. The bird was euthanised at 43 days of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The beak abnormality consisted of distortion of the right nares and severe shortening resulting in deviation of the upper maxilla to the right and cranially. On sectioning the head, copious mucoid material was found in the infraorbital sinus and the bony sinus architecture was disrupted. Histopathological examination of the infraorbital sinuses revealed a large focus of chronic but active inflammation, bony lysis on the right side and pockets of a mixed population of bacteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Severe beak deformity, likely secondary to bacterial sinusitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The case illustrates the need to look for underlying aetiologies to beak malformation, particularly in young parrots.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Sinusitis, beak malformation, Antipodes Island parakeet, parrot, beak growth.
authors: Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
authors: B D
authors: BD
authors: Gartrell
authors: M R
authors: MR
authors: Alley
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kelly