title: Abdominal surgery, pain and anxiety: preoperative nursing intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports a study examining the effects of preoperative nursing intervention for pain on abdominal surgery preoperative anxiety and attitude to pain, and postoperative pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a randomized controlled study conducted between January and August 2001, patients undergoing abdominal surgery in a medical center in southern Taiwan were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 32) or control group (n = 30). The experimental group received routine care and preoperative nursing intervention for pain, while the control group received routine care only. A structured questionnaire including an anxiety scale, pain attitude scale, and Brief Pain Inventory was used to assess the results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants in the experimental group experienced a significant decrease in preoperative anxiety and a significant improvement in preoperative pain attitude. They also had statistically significantly lower postoperative pain intensity for 4 hours after surgery and lower highest pain intensity within the first 24 hours after surgery. Perceived pain interference during position changes, deep breathing/coughing, and moments of emotion in the experimental group was statistically significantly lower than that of the control group in the same situations. The experimental group also started out-of-bed activities 1.5 days earlier.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preoperative nursing intervention for pain has positive effects for patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The intervention used in this study could serve as a guide for nurses to improve the pain care of these patients.
authors: Department of Nursing, Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
authors: Li-Ying
authors: LY
authors: Lin
authors: Ruey-Hsia
authors: RH
authors: Wang
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control; D001294:Attitude to Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000451:nursing* / Q000517:prevention & control; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000451:nursing / Q000517:prevention & control; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales