title: Reduction of excessive electrical stimulus during electric pulp testing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure excessive electrical stimulus time during pulp testing via electromyography (EMG) in the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, voice and finger movement, and to determine whether excessive stimulus time could be attenuated by a specially designed automatic circuit breaker on the basis of the EMG signal.
  
  
  METHODS
  The signals from three human responses (EMG, finger and voice), induced by the Digitest (Parkell Inc., Farmingdale, NY, USA) electric pulp tester, were captured using a MP100 (Biopac System Inc., Goleta, CA, USA) and recorded into a personal computer. The excessive stimulus time from activation to the end of electrical stimulation was calculated for each of these three responses. The automatic circuit breaker was designed to disconnect the electrical output of the electric pulp testing (EPT) unit immediately after detecting the preset EMG level (100 mV). Each of the right central incisors and first premolars of 23 healthy individuals (16 males and seven females) was tested to see whether there was a difference in tooth type or gender. This was analysed by Wilcoxon signed rank test (nonparametric paired t-test) and Mann-Whitney test (nonparametric independent t-test), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amongst three human responses, the electrical onset occurred in the order of EMG, finger and voice. Excessive stimulus time was 347.8 +/- 78.3 ms when observed by the EMG, 264.9 +/- 63.9 ms when observed by finger span and 229.4 +/- 41.8 ms when observed by the voice, which were all found to be significantly different (P < 0.05). When the automatic circuit breaker was used, the excessive stimulus time was 61.0 ms, which was 286.8 ms shorter than that measured from EMG onset when using the conventional EPT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When the automatic circuit breaker was used, excessive stimulus time on the basis of EMG was attenuated on average by 286.8 ms.
authors: Department of Medical Engineering, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 134 Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.
authors: K C
authors: KC
authors: Nam
authors: S H
authors: SH
authors: Ahn
authors: J H
authors: JH
authors: Cho
authors: D W
authors: DW
authors: Kim
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000502:physiology; D003791:Dental Pulp Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D014831:Voice / Q000502:physiology