title: HIV among injection drug users in large US metropolitan areas, 1998.
abstract: This article estimates HIV prevalence rates among injection drug users (IDUs) in 95 large US metropolitan areas to facilitate social and policy analyses of HIV epidemics. HIV prevalence rates among IDUs in these metropolitan areas were calculated by taking the mean of two estimates: (1) estimates based on regression adjustments to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing data and (2) estimates based on the ratio of the number of injectors living with HIV to the number of injectors living in the metropolitan area. The validity of the resulting estimates was assessed. HIV prevalence rates varied from 2 to 28% (median 5.9%; interquartile range 4.0-10.2%). These HIV prevalence rates correlated with similar estimates calculated for 1992 and with two theoretically related phenomena: laws against over-the-counter purchase of syringes and income inequality. Despite limitations in the accuracy of these estimates, they can be used for structural analyses of the correlates, predictors and consequences of HIV prevalence rates among drug injectors in metropolitan areas and for assessing and targeting the service needs for drug injectors.
authors: Institute for AIDS Research, National Development and Research Institutes, 71 West 23rd Street, 8th Floor, New York, NY 10010, USA. friedman@ndri.org
authors: Samuel R
authors: SR
authors: Friedman
authors: Spencer
authors: S
authors: Lieb
authors: Barbara
authors: B
authors: Tempalski
authors: Hannah
authors: H
authors: Cooper
authors: Marie
authors: M
authors: Keem
authors: Risa
authors: R
authors: Friedman
authors: Peter L
authors: PL
authors: Flom
mesh_terms: D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*