title: A prognostic model for HIV seroconversion among injection drug users as a tool for stratification in clinical trials.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main goal of this study was to construct a prognostic model for HIV seroconversion among injection drug users (IDUs) using easy-to-measure risk indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used for risk stratification in a heterogeneous population of IDUs with regards to HIV risk-taking behaviors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were recruited in a prospective cohort of IDUs followed between September 1992 and October 2001. A total of 1602 men, seronegative at enrollment with at least 1 follow-up visit, were included in the analyses. Only variables that consistently predict HIV seroconversion in several settings were considered. The final model was used to assign a risk score for each participant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three risk indicators were included in the risk score to predict HIV seroconversion: unstable housing, average cocaine injections per day, and having shared a syringe with a known HIV-positive partner. Kaplan-Meier survival functions were generated and risk score values stratified in 3 groups. HIV incidence rates per 100 person-years were as follows: 0.91 (95% CI, 0.55-1.52) for the low-risk group, 3.10 (95% CI, 2.49-3.84) for the moderate-risk group, and 7.82 (95% CI, 6.30-9.73) for the high-risk group (log-rank P value < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If validated in other settings, this risk score may improve the prediction of outcome and allow more accurate stratification in clinical trials.
authors: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors: Catherine
authors: C
authors: Boileau
authors: Julie
authors: J
authors: Bruneau
authors: Hicham
authors: H
authors: Al-Nachawati
authors: François
authors: F
authors: Lamothe
authors: Jean
authors: J
authors: Vincelette
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D015331:Cohort Studies; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D035842:Research Subjects; D012307:Risk Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous