Prevalence of resistance-associated mutations in newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in Greece.
The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in naïve patients has been previously shown to differ greatly with the geographic origin. The purpose of this study was to prospectively estimate the prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance in Greece by analyzing a representative sample of newly HIV-1 diagnosed patients, as part of the SPREAD collaborative study. Protease (PR) and partial reverse transcriptase (RT) sequences were determined from 101 newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients, in Greece, during the period September 2002--August 2003, representing one-third of the total newly diagnosed HIV-1 patients in the same time period. The prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance was estimated according to the IAS-USA mutation table taking into account all mutations in RT and only major mutations in PR region. The overall prevalence of resistance was 9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.2--16.2%]. The prevalence of mutations associated with resistance to NRTIs was 5% (95% CI: 1.6--11.2%), for NNRTIs was 4% (95% CI: 1.1--9.8%), while no major resistance mutations were found in PR. No multi-class resistance was detected in the study population. The prevalence of resistant mutations in the recent seroconverters was 22%. For two individuals, there was clear evidence for transmitted resistance based on epidemiological information for a known source of HIV-1 transmission. The prevalence of the HIV-1 non-B subtypes and recombinants was 52%.
Paraskevis
D
D
Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Mikras Asias 75, GR-11527 Athens, Greece. dparask@cc.uoa.gr
Magiorkinis
E
E
Katsoulidou
A
A
Hatzitheodorou
E
E
Antoniadou
A
A
Papadopoulos
A
A
Poulakou
G
G
Paparizos
V
V
Botsi
C
C
Stavrianeas
N
N
Lelekis
M
M
Chini
M
M
Gargalianos
P
P
Magafas
N
N
Lazanas
M
M
Chryssos
G
G
Petrikkos
G
G
Panos
G
G
Kordossis
T
T
Theodoridou
M
M
Sypsa
V
V
Hatzakis
A
A
D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D016333:HIV Protease / Q000235:genetics; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase / Q000235:genetics; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation; D015995:Prevalence; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D054303:HIV Reverse Transcriptase; D016333:HIV Protease