title: Does a carbon ion-implanted surface reduce the restenosis rate of coronary stents?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Neointimal hyperplasia and resulting restenosis limit the long-term success of coronary stenting. Heavy metal ions induce an inflammatory and allergic reaction, and result in in-stent restenosis. However, a carbon ion-implanted surface might prevent heavy metal ions from diffusing into surrounding tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  140 lesions in 140 patients with coronary lesions underwent implantation of carbon-implanted surface stents (Arthos(inert) stent group, n=70) or control stents (Arthos stent group, n=70). The primary end point was the in-stent restenosis and the secondary end point was the value of hs-CRP at 48 h and 6 months after coronary stenting. Clinical and angiographic follow-ups were performed at 6 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of in-stent restenosis was lower in the Arthos(inert) stent group (15.9%, 10/63) than in the Arthos stent group (20.9%, 13/62), but there were no significant differences between both groups (p=0.56). The value of hs-CRP at 48 h was lower in the Arthos(inert) stent group (13.9+/-13.4 mg/dl) than in the Arthos stent group (24.5+/-26.0 mg/dl) with significant differences (p=0.04). However, the differences between two groups were not statistically significant at 6 months (p=0.76).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As compared with a standard coronary stent, a carbon ion-implanted stent shows no considerable benefit for the prevention of in-stent restenosis within the range of this study. Despite all the limitations of this study, a positive effect of a carbon ion-implanted stent in reducing inflammatory reaction after coronary revascularization seems likely.
authors: Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
authors: Jae-Hun
authors: JH
authors: Jung
authors: Pil-Ki
authors: PK
authors: Min
authors: Jong-Youn
authors: JY
authors: Kim
authors: Sungha
authors: S
authors: Park
authors: Eui-Young
authors: EY
authors: Choi
authors: Young-Guk
authors: YG
authors: Ko
authors: Donghoon
authors: D
authors: Choi
authors: Yangsoo
authors: Y
authors: Jang
authors: Won-Heum
authors: WH
authors: Shim
authors: Seung-Yun
authors: SY
authors: Cho
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D002244:Carbon; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005352:Fibromuscular Dysplasia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents
chemical_list: D007477:Ions; D002244:Carbon; D002097:C-Reactive Protein