Strategies in assessing post operative pain--a South African study.
The purpose of this validation study was to describe strategies used in postoperative pain assessment among a group of nurses in South Africa. A mixed qualitative and quantitative study was conducted in a 950-bed academic hospital complex. Surgical nurses (n = 12) carried out pain assessments of postoperative patients (n = 36) in pain. Data were collected using detailed interviews and pain intensity was estimated on a visual analogue scale (VAS, 0-10 cm). Nurses used four categories of criteria (a) how the patient looks, (b) what the patient says, (c) the patient's way of talking, and (d) experience of similar circumstances and drew on their past experiences in five different ways: (a) some patients report lower pain intensity than expected, (b) a typology of patients, (c) a focus on listening to patients, (d) what to look for, and (e) what to do for patients were identified. The system of categories described by Sjöström [Sjöström B. Assessing acute postoperative pain. Assessment strategies and quality of clinical experience and professional role. Göteborg: Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis; 1995] was valid for this sample with an additional category. The different categories seem to be complementary and necessary for assessing pain in others. The findings have implications for professionals who provide care for patients in pain.
Klopper
Hester
H
Department of Nursing Education, North-West University, South Africa.
Andersson
Helena
H
Minkkinen
Maria
M
Ohlsson
Cecilia
C
Sjöström
Björn
B
D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003142:Communication; D005149:Facial Expression; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D024802:Nurse's Role / Q000523:psychology; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D015404:Nursing Methodology Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000193:education / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000523:psychology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods* / Q000451:nursing / Q000592:standards; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000451:nursing / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013019:South Africa; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014705:Verbal Behavior