title: The influence of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A promoter polymorphisms, beta-globin gene haplotype, co-inherited alpha-thalassemia trait and Hb F on steady-state serum bilirubin levels in sickle cell anemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Homozygosity for the (AT)7 allele of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase 1A (UGT1A1) gene polymorphism is associated with increased bilirubin levels in sickle cell anemia (SCA). In the present study, in addition to UGT1A1 promoter genotype, serum bilirubin level was related to other genetic modifiers -beta(S)-globin gene haplotype, Hb F, co-inherited alpha-thal trait, age and gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients were randomly selected from the sickle cell clinic, Medical College of Georgia. UGT1A1 promoter polymorphisms were determined using automated sequencing. Other investigations were with standard techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 67 SCA patients (41 males and 26 females), aged 2-44 yr (mean of 20.6 +/- 10.7). Ten (14.9%) patients were homozygous for the (AT)6 UGT1A1 allele, 35 (52.2%) were heterozygous for (AT)6 and (AT)7 alleles while 22 (32.8%) were homozygous for (AT)7. Serum bilirubin was significantly higher in the homozygous (AT)7 group (3.7 +/- 1.5, 3.8 +/- 2.3 and 5.6 +/- 2.4 mg/dL, respectively). It was also significantly higher in males than females and in patients aged >10 yr. There was a significant negative linear correlation (r = -0.304, P = 0.016) of serum bilirubin with Hb F. The beta-globin haplotype and co-existing alpha-thal trait did not have any significant influence on serum bilirubin levels. Patients on hydroxyurea were older, had lower Hb F, but higher mean serum bilirubin. The latter also was signifcantly higher among those with UGT1A1 (AT)7 homozygosity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Apart from UGT1A1 (AT)7 homozygosity, Hb F, age and gender are the other factors that significantly influence serum bilirubin level in SCA.
authors: Department of Medicine, Sickle Cell Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Adekile
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Kutlar
authors: K
authors: K
authors: McKie
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Addington
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Elam
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Holley
authors: B
authors: B
authors: Clair
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Kutlar
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000755:Anemia, Sickle Cell / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin / Q000235:genetics; D005838:Genotype; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012737:Sex Factors; D017085:alpha-Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D005914:Globins; D005319:Fetal Hemoglobin; D014453:Glucuronosyltransferase; D001663:Bilirubin