Effect of linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS) on the mineralization, metabolism and uptake of 14C-phenanthrene in a model ecosystem (water-lava-plant-air).
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS, 200 mg l(-1)) on the fate of phenanthrene in a model ecosystem "water-lava-hydrophytes-air". The experiments were conducted using two closed cultivation chamber systems. Rushes (Juncus effesus) were selected as a representative hydrophyte. Five hundred micrograms per liter of phenanthrene in a culture solution containing a 14C-activity of 75 microCi per chamber was applied (i) to investigate the degradation of the labeled test substance and the transfer processes within the system; (ii) to determine the mass-balance possible and (iii) to detect the occurrence of volatile test substances, their volatile metabolites and the degradation end-product CO2 in the gas phase. Most of the applied 14C-activity was found in the plant (41-45%), in which approximately 95% was associated with plant roots and approximately 5% with shoots. The 14C-activity recovered in the form of VOCs and CO2 was measured in lava (18-29%, 8-11%), and in the culture solution (10-14% and 1%), respectively. Majority of the applied 14C-activity existed in two forms, i.e. (1) polar metabolites (26%), of which 91% were found in plant roots, and (2) un-extractable residues (23%), most of which were in plant roots (40%) and bounded to lava (58%). The presence of LAS significantly increased the volatilization of phenanthrene and its metabolites, inhibited its mineralization and decreased the level of 14C-activity in lava. Moreover, LAS reduced the phenanthrene level in plant roots.
Jiang
Xia
X
Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 417, Shenyang 110015, PR China.
Yediler
Ayfer
A
Yufang
Song
S
Sun
Tieheng
T
Kettrup
Antonius
A
D000388:Air; D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D017753:Ecosystem; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000378:metabolism; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism*; D018520:Plant Shoots / Q000378:metabolism*; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D014835:Volatilization; D014867:Water
D017738:Alkanesulfonic Acids; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D010616:Phenanthrenes; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; C030641:alkylbenzyl sulfonic acid; D014867:Water; C031181:phenanthrene