title: Increased viral replication in simian immunodeficiency virus/simian-HIV-infected macaques with self-administering model of chronic alcohol consumption.
abstract: Alcohol abuse constitutes a major cohort among HIV-infected individuals. The precise effect of alcohol addiction on HIV pathogenesis remains inconclusive, however. This study was designed to determine the effect of alcohol dependence on virus replication and CD4 profiles in simian immunodeficiency virus/simian-HIV-infected rhesus macaques. A group of 3 male Indian rhesus macaques was adapted to a self-drinking model of alcohol consumption, whereas another group of 3 macaques was provided a Nutrasweet solution. After 7 weeks of alcohol consumption, the alcohol-dependent animals along with controls were intravenously inoculated with a mixture of SHIV(KU), SHIV(89.6)P, and SIV/17E-Fr. These animals were followed for a period of 24 weeks for complete blood cell counts, CD4 cell profiles, and viral loads in the blood and cerebral compartments. The alcohol and control groups showed comparable peak viral loads in the blood. The plasma viral load in the alcohol group was 31- to 85-fold higher than that in the control group at weeks 18 through 24 after infection, however. The pattern of cerebrospinal fluid viral replication was also comparable during the acute phase; however, the virus continued to replicate in the brain of alcohol-dependent animals, whereas it became undetectable in the controls. The extent of CD4 cell loss in the alcohol group was significantly higher than that in the control animals at week 1 after infection.
authors: Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Ponce School of Medicine, San Juan, PR.
authors: Rakesh
authors: R
authors: Kumar
authors: Antonio E
authors: AE
authors: Perez-Casanova
authors: Grissell
authors: G
authors: Tirado
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Noel
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Torres
authors: Idia
authors: I
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Melween
authors: M
authors: Martinez
authors: Silvija
authors: S
authors: Staprans
authors: Edmundo
authors: E
authors: Kraiselburd
authors: Yasuhiro
authors: Y
authors: Yamamura
authors: J Dee
authors: JD
authors: Higley
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D000818:Animals; D016516:CD4-CD8 Ratio; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015301:Retroviruses, Simian / Q000502:physiology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral