title: Calibrated lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure.
abstract: Lateral internal sphincterotomy is an effective procedure for the treatment of anal fissure, but may affected anal continence. We describe a procedure aimed at tailoring the division of the sphincter according to the degree of the hypertonia and to the sphincter length in order to offer an effective and safe treatment for chronic anal fissure.
  
  
  METHODS
  The internal sphincter was divided on the basis of anal manometry results. The average of maximum values of resting pressure determined by the stationary motility protocol was considered the reference parameter to measure hypertonia. Mild hypertone was considered to be 50-60 mmHg, moderate hypertone 60-80 mmHg, and severe hypertone >80 mmHg. In case of mild hypertone, 20% of the internal sphincter was divided; in case of moderate hypertone; 40% and 60% for severe hypertone. Calibrated lateral internal sphincterotomy is the division of the internal sphincter based on these parameters. Over 5 years, 388 patients underwent this procedure (197 men, 191 women) with a median age of 43 years (range, 18-80).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperative complications consisted of abscess in 4 patients (1.0%), hemorrhage in 2 patients (0.5%), and pain in 6 patients (1.5%). Follow-up data are available for 261 patients (67.3%). Two months after surgery, 9 patients (3.4%) complained of persistent or recurring pain with or without fissure and 1 (0.4%) complained of gas incontinence. At postoperative manometry, 12 patients (4.6%) revealed persistence of anal resting pressure over 40 mmHg, 9 patients (3.4%) were still symptomatic and 97.6% were cured at a median follow-up of 8 months. An anal resting pressure lower than 30 mmHg was found in 10 patients (3.8%), only one of whom was incontinent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calibrated sphincterotomy may represent an effective and safe procedure for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
authors: Department of Surgical and Gastroenterological Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. gennaro.rosa@univr.it
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Rosa
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Lolli
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Piccinelli
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Mazzola
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Zugni
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Ballarin
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bonomo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005401:Fissure in Ano / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome