Arsenic trioxide: an anti cancer missile with multiple warheads.
The proven efficacy of ATO in the treatment of APL and the emerging importance of ATO in other diseases prompted extensive studies of the mechanisms of action of ATO in APL and in other types of cancers. In this review we will focus on downstream events in ATO-induced intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways with an emphasis on the role of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins and the role of p53 in ATO-induced apoptosis including its effect on cell cycle, its anti-mitotic effect and the role of apoptosis inducing factors (AIF) in ATO-induced apoptosis, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation in myeloma cells as a model.
Gazitt
Yair
Y
Department of Medicine/Hematology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284, USA. gazitt@uthscsa.edu
Akay
Cagla
C
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide; D001152:Arsenicals / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D005420:Flavoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D010087:Oxides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
C494829:AIFM1 protein, human; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D001152:Arsenicals; D005420:Flavoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010087:Oxides; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000077237:Arsenic Trioxide