Fluorescent protein tomography scanner for small animal imaging.
Microscopy of fluorescent proteins has enabled unprecedented insights into visualizing gene expression in living systems. Imaging deeper into animals, however, has been limited due to the lack of accurate imaging methods for the visible. We present a novel system designed to perform tomographic imaging of fluorescent proteins through whole animals. The tomographic method employed a multiangle, multiprojection illumination scheme, while detection was achieved using a highly sensitive charge-coupled device camera with appropriate filters. Light propagation was modeled using a modified solution to the diffusion equation to account for the high absorption and high scattering of tissue at the visible wavelengths. We show that the technique can quantitatively detect fluorescence with sub millimeter spatial resolution both in phantoms and in tissues. We conclude that the method could be applied in tomographic imaging of fluorescent proteins for in vivo targeting of different diseases and abnormalities.
Zacharakis
Giannis
G
Center for Molecular Imaging Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. zahari@iesl.forth.gr
Ripoll
Jorge
J
Weissleder
Ralph
R
Ntziachristos
Vasilis
V
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D041622:Tomography, Optical / Q000379:methods* / Q000662:veterinary
D008164:Luminescent Proteins