title: High-throughput tissue microarray analysis of COX2 expression in urinary bladder cancer.
abstract: To investigate whether protein expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) is associated with tumor phenotype, immunohistochemical alterations, and clinical outcome in urinary bladder cancer (BC). Tissue microarrays (n = 776) were used to analyze COX2, P53 and the Ki-67 labeling index immunohistochemically. A monoclonal mouse antibody was used after heat-induced antigen retrieval. COX2 expression was scored semiquantitatively (0-3+). COX2 expression was detected in 60% (368/617) of urothelial BC. Positive COX2 staining was seen in 77.8% (140/182) of muscle invasive urothelial BC, compared to 35% (7/20) of muscle invasive squamous cell carcinomas (p < 0.001). COX2 protein expression was associated with advanced tumor stage (p < 0.0001), high-grade histology (p < 0.0001), solid growth pattern in invasive BC (pT1-4, p = 0.02), high Ki-67 labeling index (p < 0.0001), and positive P53 IHC (p < 0.001). COX2 expression was not associated with survival, recurrence, and progression in clinically relevant subgroups (pTa, pT1, pT2-4). Expression of COX2 is common in advanced BC with poor prognostic characteristics, supporting efforts to initiate clinical trials on the efficacy of COX2 inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of high-risk urinary BC.
authors: Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg D-93053, Germany.
authors: Peter J
authors: PJ
authors: Wild
authors: Leoni A
authors: LA
authors: Kunz-Schughart
authors: Robert
authors: R
authors: Stoehr
authors: Maximilian
authors: M
authors: Burger
authors: Hagen
authors: H
authors: Blaszyk
authors: Ronald
authors: R
authors: Simon
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Gasser
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Mihatsch
authors: Guido
authors: G
authors: Sauter
authors: Arndt
authors: A
authors: Hartmann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human