Cytomegalovirus (CMV) blood DNA load, CMV retinitis progression, and occurrence of resistant CMV in patients with CMV retinitis.
The amount of cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA in the blood (CMV load) may be a marker for detection of resistant CMV.METHODS. A total of 165 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis had CMV load measurements (plasma and leukocyte) and cultures performed every 3 months; these measurements were correlated with CMV resistance to antiviral drugs and CMV retinitis progression (from masked readings of retinal photographs).RESULTS. Detectable plasma and leukocyte CMV loads were associated with CMV retinitis progression (odds ratios [OR], 6.3; P<.0001 and OR, 6.6; P<.0001, respectively), phenotypic resistance (OR, 6.1; P<.0001 and OR, 23.4; P=.0002, respectively), and genotypic resistance (OR, 17.5; P<.0001 and OR, 51.6; P=.0004, respectively). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of plasma CMV loads were 0.47, 0.86, 0.36, and 0.91, respectively, for progression and 0.59, 0.81, 0.07, and 0.99, respectively, for resistance; those of leukocyte CMV loads were 0.52, 0.83, 0.35, and 0.91, respectively, for progression and 0.82, 0.78, 0.08, and 0.99, respectively, for resistance. A detectable plasma CMV load at the time of diagnosis of CMV retinitis was associated with mortality (median survival time, 13.6 vs. 29.7 months; P=.007).CONCLUSIONS. CMV load has limited clinical utility, because of its low positive predictive value. Its high negative predictive value for occurrence of resistant CMV suggests that it may have utility as a screening tool to exclude resistance.
Jabs
Douglas A
DA
Department of Ophthalmology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. djabs@jhmi.edu
Martin
Barbara K
BK
Forman
Michael S
MS
Ricks
Michelle O
MO
D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000503:physiopathology; D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology; D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D017726:Cytomegalovirus Retinitis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000821:virology*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000494:pharmacology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load
D000998:Antiviral Agents; D015774:Ganciclovir