A qualitative study of help seeking and primary care consultation prior to suicide.
BACKGROUND
Many suicides may be preventable through medical intervention, but many people do not seek help from a medical practitioner prior to suicide. Little is known about how consulting decisions are made at this time.


OBJECTIVE
To explore how distressed individuals and members of their lay networks had made decisions to seek or not to seek help from a medical practitioner in the period leading up to suicide.


METHODS
Qualitative analysis of psychological autopsy data.


METHODS
One large English county.


METHODS
Semi-structured interviews with close relatives or friends of suicide victims were conducted as part of a psychological autopsy study. Sixty-six interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic approach.


RESULTS
Relatives and friends often played a key role in determining whether or not suicidal individuals sought medical help. Half the sample had consulted in their final month and many were persuaded to do so by a relative or friend. Of those who did not consult, some were characterised as help-resisters but many others had omitted to do so because no-one around them was aware of the seriousness of their distress or considered it to be medically significant. A range of lay interventions and coping strategies was identified, including seeking non-medical help.


CONCLUSIONS
Greater attention needs to be given to the potential role of lay networks in managing psychological distress and preventing suicide. A balanced approach to suicide prevention is recommended that builds on lay knowledge and combines medical and non-medical strategies.
Owens
Christabel
C
Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter. c.v.owens@ex.ac.uk
Lambert
Helen
H
Donovan
Jenny
J
Lloyd
Keith R
KR
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010819:Physician's Role; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D000092864:Suicide Prevention