Relationship between cytokines and the embryotoxicity of hydrosalpingeal fluid.
OBJECTIVE
The exact chemical composition of hydrosalpingeal fluid is unknown. The objective of this study was to characterize cytokines in hydrosalpingeal fluid (HSF) and examine their possible role in the embryo development.


METHODS
HSF was aspirated at laparoscopic salpingectomy in eight infertile women. Levels of IL-1beta, IL-13, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the HSF were determined by quantitative immunoassay kits. Two-cell mouse embryos were incubated with 0, 25, 50 and 75% concentrations of HSF. The blastocyst development rate (BDR) of mouse embryos was measured at each HSF concentration.


RESULTS
The embryotoxicity of HSF was concentration dependent. An increase in the HSF concentration resulted in significant decrease in % BDR (p < 0.01). IL-1beta was present in six of the eight HSF samples with a mean (+/-SD) concentration of 0.9 +/- 0.8 pg/mL. IL-13 was not detected in any of the HSF samples. IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were detected in all samples with a mean (+/-SD) concentration of 4741.2 +/- 6554.4 pg/mL, 204.8+/-132.8 pg/ml and 12 +/- 12.8 pg/mL respectively. IL-6 was positively correlated with BDR (r = 0.53; p < 0.04).


CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated for the first time the presence of IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-alpha and the absence of IL-13 in human hydrosalpingeal fluid. IL-6 was positively related to the BDR.
Bedaiwy
Mohamed A
MA
Center for Advanced Research in Human Reproduction, Infertility and Sexual Function, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. bedaiwymmm@yahoo.com
Falcone
Tommaso
T
Goldberg
Jeffrey M
JM
Attaran
Marjan
M
Sharma
Rakesh
R
Miller
Kurt
K
Nelson
David R
DR
Agarwal
Ashok
A
D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D020964:Embryo Loss / Q000209:etiology*; D047108:Embryonic Development; D005187:Fallopian Tubes / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D051379:Mice; D011247:Pregnancy; D018675:Toxicity Tests
D016207:Cytokines