A novel diagnostic method for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 in plasma by near-infrared spectroscopy.
Presently, the diagnosis of virus infections is based mainly on serological assays. Although polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have been increasingly used for the diagnosis of such viral infections, the risk of transfusion-transmitted blood-borne viruses remains. Furthermore, PCR and ELISA are expensive and time-consuming, and sometimes cause falsepositive or false-negative results. Therefore, a rapid, accurate and cost-effective diagnostic procedure is needed. We subjected plasma from individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), as well as plasma from uninfected individuals as a control to near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which may provide a rapid diagnostic method for HIV-1 infection without using any reagent. NIR spectra in the 600-1,000 nm region for plasma from pre-serologically HIV-1-infected individuals and healthy donors were subjected to partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis and leave-out cross-validation to develop a multivariate model to estimate the concentration of HIV-1. Simultaneously, the same plasma samples were examined for HIV-1 p24 by ELISA. The results obtained by the NIR spectroscopy model for HIV-1 yielded a good correlation with those obtained by the reference method (HIV-1 p24 ELISA). These results suggest that NIR spectroscopy using plasma could provide a rapid, accurate, cost-effective tool for large-scale diagnosis of HIV-1 infection.
Sakudo
Akikazu
A
Department of Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
Tsenkova
Roumiana
R
Onozuka
Taisuke
T
Morita
Kazuo
K
Li
Shuming
S
Warachit
Jiranan
J
Iwabu
Yukie
Y
Li
Guimei
G
Onodera
Takashi
T
Ikuta
Kazuyoshi
K
D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D010949:Plasma / Q000821:virology*; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*
D000956:Antigens, Viral