title: Balance of pro-apoptotic transforming growth factor-beta and anti-apoptotic insulin effects in the control of cell death in the postnatal mouse retina.
abstract: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and insulin display opposite effects in regulating programmed cell death during vertebrate retina development; the former induces apoptosis while the latter prevents it. In the present study we investigated coordinated actions of TGF-beta and insulin in an organotypic culture system of early postnatal mouse retina. Addition of exogenous TGF-beta resulted in a significant increase in cell death whereas exogenous insulin attenuated apoptosis and was capable of blocking TGF-beta-induced apoptosis. This effect appeared to be modulated via insulin-induced transcriptional down-regulation of TGF-beta receptor II levels. The analysis of downstream signalling molecules also revealed opposite effects of both factors; insulin provided survival signalling by increasing the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression and phosphorylation and down-regulating caspase 3 activity whereas pro-apoptotic TGF-beta signalling reduced Bcl-2 mRNA levels and Bcl-2 phosphorylation and induced the expression of TGF-induced immediate-early gene (TIEG), a Krüppel-like zinc-finger transcription factor, mimicking TGF-beta activity.
authors: Centre of Anatomy, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. nicole.duenker@uni-duisburg-essen.de
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Duenker
authors: A I
authors: AI
authors: Valenciano
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Franke
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Hernández-Sánchez
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Dressel
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Behrendt
authors: F
authors: F
authors: De Pablo
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Krieglstein
authors: E J
authors: EJ
authors: de la Rosa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D038081:Organogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D051765:Early Growth Response Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077294:Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II; D018125:Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; C569958:KLF10 protein, mouse; D051741:Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors; D051765:Early Growth Response Transcription Factors