title: An early phase II study of S-1 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of S-1 in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients were required to have a histological diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with measurable metastatic lesions, and no prior chemotherapy. S-1 was administered orally at 40 mg/m2 twice daily for 28 days with a rest period of 14 days as one course. Administration was repeated until the appearance of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. A pharmacokinetic study was done on day 1 in the initial 8 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients were entered into this study. Four patients (21.1%) achieved a partial response with a 95% confidence interval of 6.1-45.6%. No change was noted in 10 patients (52.6%), and progressive disease in 5 patients (26.3%). The median survival time was 5.6 months with a one-year survival rate of 15.8%. The major adverse events were gastrointestinal toxicities such as nausea and anorexia, though most of them were tolerable and reversible. There were no large differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of S-1 in patients with pancreatic cancer and those in patients with other cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  S-1 is active and tolerated in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer, which will be confirmed in the following large-scale phase II study.
authors: Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology Division, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan. hueno@ncc.go.jp
authors: Hideki
authors: H
authors: Ueno
authors: Takuji
authors: T
authors: Okusaka
authors: Masafumi
authors: M
authors: Ikeda
authors: Yoriko
authors: Y
authors: Takezako
authors: Chigusa
authors: C
authors: Morizane
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005641:Tegafur / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011725:Pyridines; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid