title: Relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and lower urinary tract symptoms and correlation between prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen in clinical routine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate how often benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was diagnosed in men referred as a result of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and to investigate the correlation between prostate volume and serum prostate-specific antigen (s-PSA).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study subjects comprised men (n = 119; mean age 68 years) consecutively referred to a urological clinic as a result of LUTS for whom the information in the referral forms gave no indications of malignant disease or infection. The patients were evaluated according to regional guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BPH was estimated to be the main etiological agent in less than every second man. There was a statistically significant correlation between s-PSA and prostate size. However, among men with s-PSA < 1.5 ng/ml, one-third had a prostate volume of > 30 ml and 17% a prostate volume of > 40 ml. Among men with s-PSA > or = 1.5 ng/ml, as many as 18% had a prostate volume of < or = 30 ml and 42% a prostate volume of < or = 40 ml. Bladder and/or prostate cancer was diagnosed in 8% of men, mostly as a coincidental finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BPH was considered to be the etiological factor in < 50% of men referred as a result of LUTS. The correlation between prostate volume and s-PSA was verified. However, interindividual variation in s-PSA was so large that its usefulness for making treatment decisions in men with LUTS must be questioned.
authors: Department of Urology, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde, Sweden. hans.hedelin@vgregion.se
authors: Hans
authors: H
authors: Hedelin
authors: Niklas
authors: N
authors: Johansson
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Ströberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003558:Cystoscopy; D019160:Endosonography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011470:Prostatic Hyperplasia / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012007:Rectum; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016055:Urinary Retention / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen