title: 'Candidatus Erwinia dacicola', a coevolved symbiotic bacterium of the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin).
abstract: The taxonomic identity of the hereditary prokaryotic symbiont of the olive fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) was investigated. In order to avoid superficial microbial contaminants and loosely associated saprophytic biota, flies were surface-sterilized at the larval stage and reared under aseptic conditions until adult emergence. B. oleae flies originating from different geographical locations and collected at different times of the year were tested. Bacterial isolation was undertaken from the cephalic oesophageal bulb, which is known to be a specific site of accumulation for the hosted microsymbionts in the adult insect. Despite evidence of multiplication cycles taking place within the insect, attempts at cultivation of the isolated bacteria ex situ were not productive at any stage, leading to the choice of unculturable status definition. PCR amplification and nucleotide sequencing of the entire 16S rRNA gene consistently yielded a single sequence that displayed marked similarity with enterobacterial lineages, with closest matches (97%) to Erwinia persicina and Erwinia rhapontici. The novel taxon differs from common intestinal bacterial species of fruit flies and from instances of culturable bacteria previously described in B. oleae raised without sterility precautions, which we also observed as minority occupants or occasional contaminants. The symbiont's identity is also distinct from Pseudomonas savastanoi. In all observations, the numerically dominant inhabitant of the olive fly oesophageal organ was the same unculturable organism, whose presence at later stages was also regularly observed in the midgut. A novel species is proposed, by virtue of its unique properties, under the designation 'Candidatus Erwinia dacicola'.
authors: Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Università di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors: Caterina
authors: C
authors: Capuzzo
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia applicata alla Difesa delle Piante, Università di Udine, via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Firrao
authors: Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Università di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors: Luca
authors: L
authors: Mazzon
authors: Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Agrarie, Università di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Squartini
authors: Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, Università di Padova, Agripolis, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Girolami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D004885:Erwinia / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000648:ultrastructure; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D015183:Restriction Mapping; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013559:Symbiosis; D033621:Tephritidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S