title: Dietary exposure assessment of infants to bisphenol A from the use of polycarbonate baby milk bottles.
abstract: The residual bisphenol A (BPA) levels in 28 different brands of polycarbonate (PC) baby milk bottles available in the Singapore market were measured. With a detection limit of 3 mg/kg, BPA residues were detected in 19 out of the 28 PC baby milk bottles at levels between 4.01 and 141 mg/kg, with a mean of 28.1 +/- 31.4 mg/kg and a median of 17.2 mg/kg. The potential migration of BPA from each of the 28 PC milk bottles was also measured using food-simulating solvents and time conditions recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA), but using temperatures more severe than actual use. The highest upper-bound mean BPA migration levels of 0.64 +/- 0.48 microg/in2 in 10% ethanol at 70 degrees C and 0.43 +/- 1.25 microg/in2 in corn oil at 100 degrees C were observed after incubating cut portions of the milk bottles for 240 h. With this migration data and using US FDA's procedure for estimation of dietary exposure, the worst-case dietary exposure assessment for the intake of BPA by infants between birth and three months of age was below the oral Reference Dose of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day established by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This study showed that the dietary exposure to BPA from actual uses of PC milk bottles is unlikely to pose a health risk in infants.
authors: Food Control Division, Food and Veterinary Administration, Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority, Singapore. wong_kwok_onm@ava.gov.sg
authors: Kwok
authors: K
authors: Onn Wong
authors: Lay
authors: L
authors: Woon Leo
authors: Huay
authors: H
authors: Leng Seah
mesh_terms: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D001903:Bottle Feeding / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003314:Corn Oil / Q000737:chemistry; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015370:Infant Equipment / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D012016:Reference Values; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003314:Corn Oil; D000431:Ethanol; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; C017902:lexan; C006780:bisphenol A; D000098826:Bisphenol A Compounds