title: Glucose reactions with acid and base catalysts in hot compressed water at 473 K.
abstract: The effects of the homogeneous catalysts (H(2)SO(4) and NaOH) and heterogeneous catalysts (TiO(2) and ZrO(2)) on glucose reactions were examined in hot compressed water (473 K) by a batch-type reactor. From the homogeneous catalyst studies, we confirmed that the acid catalyst promoted dehydration, while isomerization of glucose to fructose was catalyzed by alkali. Anatase TiO(2) was found to act as an acid catalyst to promote formation of 5-hydroxymethylfuraldehyde (HMF). Zirconia (ZrO(2)) was a base catalyst to promote the isomerization of glucose. The effects of the additives were also confirmed through fructose reactions.
authors: Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-403 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan.
authors: Masaru
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: Yuichi
authors: Y
authors: Aizawa
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Iida
authors: Taku M
authors: TM
authors: Aida
authors: Caroline
authors: C
authors: Levy
authors: Kiwamu
authors: K
authors: Sue
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Inomata
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D005632:Fructose / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005662:Furaldehyde / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D005947:Glucose / Q000737:chemistry*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007536:Isomerism; D011312:Pressure; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry; D015040:Zirconium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D014867:Water; C009495:titanium dioxide; D005632:Fructose; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; C008046:5-hydroxymethylfurfural; D015040:Zirconium; D014025:Titanium; D005662:Furaldehyde; D005947:Glucose; C033158:sulfuric acid; C028541:zirconium oxide