title: Endosulfan degradation by a Rhodococcus strain isolated from earthworm gut.
abstract: A Rhodococcus MTCC 6716 bacterial strain was isolated apparently for the first time from the gut microflora of an Indian earthworm (Metaphire posthuma). Endosulfan was used as a carbon source by the strain and degraded it up to 92.58% within 15 days. Furthermore, the isolated strain of the bacterium did not produce the persistent form of the toxic metabolite endosulfan sulfate. This strain exhibits luxury growth in minimal medium with high concentrations of endosulfan (80 microg mL(-1)). Degradation of the endosulfan occurred simultaneously with bacterial growth and an increase in chloride ion (87.1%) in the growth medium, suggesting nearly complete degradation of the insecticide. This strain is able to tolerate 45 degrees C and retain its degradation potential even under sunlight exposure. Since endosulfan is used worldwide for pest control and its residues have been retained for long periods in soil, water, and agricultural products, the strain isolated by us is valuable for bioremediation of endosulfan-contaminated soil and water.
authors: Photobiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Center, P.O. Box No. 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Verma
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Agrawal
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Farooq
authors: R B
authors: RB
authors: Misra
authors: R K
authors: RK
authors: Hans
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D004064:Digestive System / Q000382:microbiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000633:toxicity; D009835:Oligochaeta / Q000382:microbiology*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000378:metabolism; D012240:Rhodococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004726:Endosulfan