title: Physician visits, hospitalizations, and socioeconomic status: ambulatory care sensitive conditions in a canadian setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether rates of physician visits for ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) conditions are lower for people of low-socioeconomic status than of high-socioeconomic status in an urban population with universal health care coverage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physician claims and hospital discharge abstracts from fiscal years 1998 to 2001 for urban residents of Manitoba, Canada. The 1996 Canadian Census public use database provided neighborhood household income information. The study included all continuously enrolled urban residents in the Manitoba Health Services Insurance Plan.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve ACS conditions definable using 3-digit ICD-9-CM codes permitted cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of ambulatory visits and hospitalizations. Neighborhood household income data provided a measure of socioeconomic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Files were extracted from administrative data housed at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All conditions showed a socioeconomic gradient with residents of the lowest income neighborhoods having both more visits and more hospitalizations than their counterparts in higher income areas. Six of nine conditions with a sufficient N showed individuals living in the lowest income neighborhoods to have significantly more ambulatory visits before hospitalization for an ACS condition than did those in the most affluent neighborhoods. Many conditions showed a gradient in rate of hospitalization even after controlling for the number of ambulatory care visits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the Canadian universal health care plan, the poor have reasonable access to ambulatory care for ACS conditions. Ambulatory care may be more effective in preventing hospitalizations among relatively affluent individuals than among the less well off.
authors: Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors: Leslie L
authors: LL
authors: Roos
authors: Randy
authors: R
authors: Walld
authors: Julia
authors: J
authors: Uhanova
authors: Ruth
authors: R
authors: Bond
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008350:Manitoba; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019472:Universal Health Insurance