title: Synthesis and evaluation of insulin-human serum albumin conjugates.
abstract: A series of human insulin maleimido derivatives with short and long linkers was synthesized by exploiting the variations in the pK(a) values and environment of the three amino groups present in the protein. The syntheses were accomplished in organic solvent because of maleimide's instability in basic aqueous media. The derivatives thus obtained were conjugated to the free thiol on Cys34 of human serum albumin (HSA) and purified. A structure-activity relationship based on in vitro receptor binding and activation results for this series of insulin-HSA conjugates showed that the best compounds were attached at the B1 position of insulin with either short or long linkers. Two conjugates were administered subcutaneously to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and found to possess blood glucose normalizing activity up to 8 h post-administration. The return to diabetic plasma glucose levels was not observed within the time frame of the experiment (48 h). In comparison, the insulin-treated group's normalization activity lasted 2 h and returned to a diabetic level at 8 h. The onset of the conjugate activities were delayed by 1 h when compared to the activity of human insulin. The study results led to the identification of CJC-1575 as a potent and long lasting human insulin analogue.
authors: ConjuChem Inc., 225 President-Kennedy Avenue, Montreal, QC, H2X 3Y8 Canada.
authors: Karen
authors: K
authors: Thibaudeau
authors: Roger
authors: R
authors: Léger
authors: Xicai
authors: X
authors: Huang
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Robitaille
authors: Omar
authors: O
authors: Quraishi
authors: Chantal
authors: C
authors: Soucy
authors: Nathalie
authors: N
authors: Bousquet-Gagnon
authors: Pieter
authors: P
authors: van Wyk
authors: Véronique
authors: V
authors: Paradis
authors: Jean-Paul
authors: JP
authors: Castaigne
authors: Dominique
authors: D
authors: Bridon
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013311:Streptozocin; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013311:Streptozocin