title: Pharmacy-based needle exchange in New Zealand: a review of services.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New Zealand has been offering needle exchange services since 1987. Over 170 community pharmacies are involved in the provision of this service. However, no recent detailed review of New Zealand's pharmacy-based needle exchange has been published. This study aimed to explore service provision, identify problems faced by pharmacists, and look for improvements to services.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a cross-sectional survey of all needle exchange pharmacies. Postal questionnaires were used with postal and telephone follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A response rate of 88% was obtained overall. Pharmacists had been providing the service for a mean of 6 years. Pharmacies had given out an average of 130 injecting units, in a mean of 62 transactions to a mean of 17 clients in the 4 weeks prior to completing the questionnaire. The majority had not incurred problems such as violence or intoxicated clients in the last 12 months, although almost one third had experienced shoplifting which they associated with service provision. Training and improving return rates were identified as potential areas for further development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New Zealand needle exchange pharmacies are providing services to a number of clients. The majority of service providers had been involved for a number of years, indicating the problems incurred had not caused them to withdraw their services--findings which echo those from the UK. Further training and support, including an exploration of improving return rates may be needed in the future.
authors: School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand. j.sheridan@auckland.ac.nz
authors: Janie
authors: J
authors: Sheridan
authors: Charles
authors: C
authors: Henderson
authors: Nicola
authors: N
authors: Greenhill
authors: Andrew
authors: A
authors: Smith