Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Chile.
Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data regarding this infection in developing countries is scanty.


METHODS
Prevalence of hepatitis C (HCV) infection was investigated in a random sample of Chilean general adult population older than 20 years of age. Additionally, frequency of HCV infection was assessed in group of native Chilean Amerindians (Mapuche Indians) living in an isolated locality of the Southern Chile. Incidence of HCV infection was estimated using serum samples separated by 7 years (1993-2000).


RESULTS
Among 959 subjects, prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies was 1.15% (95% CI 0.48-1.82%) and 0.83% when only RIBA-confirmed cases were considered. Among these subjects, 62.5% had detectable HCV RNA in serum and 40% of them had a history of blood transfusion. Age distribution of cases showed a steadily increasing prevalence with age. Estimated incidence of new HCV infections was 15 per 100,000 subjects per year in the period 1993-2000. No cases were detected among the 145 Mapuche subjects studied.


CONCLUSIONS
HCV infection is a prevalent disease in the Hispanic population of Chile with a low incidence in the last decade, whereas it was not detected in an isolated Mapuche Indian community. Age distribution of prevalence suggests that the peak of infection in Chile occurred 30 to 50 years ago.
González
Robinson
R
Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.
Soza
Alejandro
A
Hernández
Verónica
V
Pérez
Rosa M
RM
Alvarez
Manuel
M
Morales
Arturo
A
Arellano
Marco
M
Riquelme
Arnoldo
A
Viviani
Paola
P
Covarrubias
Carmen
C
Arrese
Marco
M
Miquel
Juan Francisco
JF
Nervi
Flavio
F
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002677:Chile / Q000453:epidemiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000208:ethnology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007199:Indians, South American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012423:Rural Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*