title: Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis: CT and pathologic findings in 10 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate CT findings of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and correlate the CT with the pathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 10 patients with pathologically proven microlithiasis. Two independent observers evaluated the presence, extent and distribution of the CT findings. CT findings were compared with those at autopsy in two patients and with transbronchial biopsy in eight patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients had a myriad of calcified nodules measuring approximately 1 mm in diameter. Close apposition of the nodules resulted in areas of ground-glass attenuation and consolidation, which were the predominant abnormality on CT in all 10 patients, involving 41% +/- 16.3 (mean +/- SD) and 30% +/- 4.8 of the lung parenchyma, respectively. Calcifications were also seen along interlobular septa, bronchovascular bundles and pleura. Other findings included interlobular septal thickening, thickening of bronchovascular bundles, nodules, and subpleural cysts. There was a solid agreement between the observers for the presence (kappa value; 0.77) and extent (Spearman rank correlation; r = 0.81 to 1.0 p < 0.01) of abnormalities. Autopsy specimens demonstrated microliths in alveolar airspaces and along interlobular septa, bronchovascular bundles and pleura. Subpleural small cysts were shown to represent dilated alveolar ducts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pulmonary microlithiasis is characterised by the presence of numerous small, calcified nodules, calcifications along interlobular septa, bronchovascular bundles and pleura, ground-glass opacities, consolidation, and subpleural cysts. The cysts represent dilated alveolar ducts.
authors: Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medical, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0825, Japan. h-sumikawa@radiol.med.osaka-u.ac.jp
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Sumikawa
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Johkoh
authors: N
authors: N
authors: Tomiyama
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hamada
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Koyama
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Tsubamoto
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Murai
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Inoue
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Nakamura
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Tachibana
authors: N L
authors: NL
authors: Müller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed