Gastrointestinal growth factors and neoplasia.
Gastrointestinal (GI) hormones are chemical messengers that have been recognized for over a century as regulatory factors for normal physiologic functions in the GI tract and pancreas, including absorption, secretion, motility, and digestion. These hormones traditionally act in a true endocrine fashion with release from a distant site to regulate physiologic functions of specific target organs. In general, GI hormones bind to their G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to produce their endocrine effects. In addition to effects on physiologic functions of the GI tract and pancreas, selected GI hormones can act in an endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine fashion to stimulate the proliferation of normal and neoplastic GI tissues as well as non-GI tissues. This review will focus on effects of GI hormones on neoplastic tissues concentrating on the hormones that have been best characterized for these effects.
Evers
B Mark
BM
Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005755:Gastrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis
D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005755:Gastrins; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D006133:Growth Substances; D011964:Receptors, Gastrointestinal Hormone