Patients' understanding of advance directives and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
OBJECTIVE
To describe understanding of end-of-life issues and compare characteristics of patients with and without advance directives.


METHODS
A 325-bed community teaching hospital.


METHODS
Questionnaires were administered to all patients admitted to the medical-surgical wards.


RESULTS
Of 755 patients admitted during the study period, 264 patients participated in the study, and 82 (31%) had living wills. Patients with living wills were more likely to be white, Protestant, and highly educated. Most (76%) created them with a lawyer or family member, whereas only 7% involved physicians. Although these patients were able to identify some components of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), few (19%) understood the prognosis after CPR. After explaining CPR, 37% of those with living wills did not want it, which was not stated in their directive or hospital record. If life-sustaining therapies were already started, 39% of these patients stated that they would not want CPR or mechanical ventilation if the likelihood of recovery was < or =10%. Patients without living wills either had not heard (18%) or did not know enough (51%) about them. After education, 5% did not want CPR, and 32% would terminate life-sustaining therapies if the likelihood of recovery was < or =10%. Seventy percent of these patients expressed interest in creating a living will.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients with living wills understand poorly "life-sustaining therapies" and the implications of their advance directives. Most fail to involve physicians in creating directives. A significant number of those without living wills have end-of-life wishes that could be addressed by and appear open to the idea of creating advance directives.
Thorevska
Natalya
N
Pulmonary and Critical Care, Bridgeport Hospital and Yale University School of Medicine, Bridgeport, CT 06610, USA.
Tilluckdharry
Lisa
L
Tickoo
Sumit
S
Havasi
Andrea
A
Amoateng-Adjepong
Yaw
Y
Manthous
Constantine A
CA
D000328:Adult; D016223:Advance Directives / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016887:Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; D004522:Educational Status; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006745:Hospital Bed Capacity, 300 to 499; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D016224:Living Wills / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012067:Religion; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires