title: Serum antibodies to EpCAM in healthy donors but not ulcerative colitis patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The gastrointestinal carcinoma-associated antigen epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) has been a target for passive and active immunotherapy of gastrointestinal carcinoma patients. The antigen is expressed by both tumor and normal tissues. The immunogenicity of EpCAM in colorectal cancer patients has been described previously. The purpose of this study was to evaluate humoral and cellular immune responses of healthy individuals and ulcerative colitis patients to EpCAM and to relate immune responses to colonic tissue expression of EpCAM.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inhibition radioimmunoassay was used to detect anti-EpCAM serum antibodies. Anti-EpCAM antibodies of a healthy donor were expressed by phages and sequenced. (3)H-thymidine incorporation assay was used for detection of lymphoproliferative responses to stimulation with EpCAM. EpCAM tissue expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We detected anti-EpCAM serum antibodies in 4 of 10, and EpCAM-specific lymphoproliferation responses in 1 of 10 healthy volunteers. The majority of anti-EpCAM antibodies derived from a healthy donor were germline-encoded. In contrast, none of the 23 patients with ulcerative colitis showed serum antibodies to EpCAM (P=0.005). Antigen expression was greatly reduced and altered in ulcerative colitis patients, whereas colon from healthy individuals and uninvolved colon of colorectal cancer patients expressed high levels of EpCAM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of these studies suggest an association between EpCAM antibody production and colonic EpCAM expression in healthy individuals and patients with ulcerative colitis. Decreased and altered colonic EpCAM expression in ulcerative colitis patients may be related to the disease induction, based on the previously demonstrated adhesion function of this molecule. Healthy individuals with anti-EpCAM immune responses and high risk for developing colorectal carcinoma are prime candidates for prophylactic immunization against EpCAM.
authors: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104, USA.
authors: Emma E
authors: EE
authors: Furth
authors: Jian
authors: J
authors: Li
authors: Enkhtsetseg
authors: E
authors: Purev
authors: Alyson C
authors: AC
authors: Solomon
authors: Gerhard
authors: G
authors: Rogler
authors: Rosemarie
authors: R
authors: Mick
authors: Mary
authors: M
authors: Putt
authors: Tianqian
authors: T
authors: Zhang
authors: Rajasekharan
authors: R
authors: Somasundaram
authors: Rolf
authors: R
authors: Swoboda
authors: Dorothee
authors: D
authors: Herlyn
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000276:immunology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000276:immunology*; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; C499379:EPCAM protein, human; D000071858:Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule