title: Gastrointestinal bleeding associated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Capecitabine is currently being evaluated for the treatment of a variety of gastrointestinal malignancies.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to report on the incidence of late gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with pancreatic cancer who received concurrent capecitabine and abdominal irradiation followed by prolonged capecitabine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the medical records of 24 patients (13 female, 11 males; median age of 64.5 years): 22 cases of adenocarcinoma and 2 cases of neuroendocrine carcinoma. Initially, 4 patients underwent surgical resection. Median follow-up was 10.3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received capecitabine (600-800 mg/m2 orally twice daily) with concurrent radiation (50.4-54.0 Gy). Patients who were resected received an additional 2-4 cycles of capecitabine; otherwise, capecitabine was given indefinitely until disease progression occurred.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incidence of late gastrointestinal bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three patients developed gastro-intestinal bleeding after concurrent capecitabine and irradiation and 2 of these patients died as a result of this toxicity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates that serious gastrointestinal bleeding is a possible late complication associated with concurrent capecitabine and irradiation therapy for pancreatic cancer followed by additional capecitabine therapy. Caution and close monitoring should therefore be used when continuing capecitabine therapy in this setting.
authors: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-3300, USA. wasif.saif@ccc.uab.edu
authors: Muhammad Wasif
authors: MW
authors: Saif
authors: John S
authors: JS
authors: Moody
authors: Suzanne M
authors: SM
authors: Russo
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000069287:Capecitabine; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D011355:Prodrugs / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D011355:Prodrugs; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000069287:Capecitabine; D005472:Fluorouracil