title: Regulation of amygdala-dependent learning by brain-derived neurotrophic factor is mediated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase.
abstract: This study is designed to characterize the signal cascades by which brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates long-term memory of fear conditioning. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analysis of tissue homogenates taken from fear-conditioned rats showed an increase in the amygdala of BDNF protein levels and its receptor TrkB phosphorylation. Bilateral administration of a TrkB ligand scavenger TrkB IgG and a Trk-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor K252a to the amygdala impaired fear memory, as measured with fear-potentiated startle. Fear conditioning resulted in the association of Shc and TrkB, Shc and Ras, the increase in active Ras and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Treatment of amygdala slices with BDNF for 15 min increased the levels of active Ras, and MAPK and Akt phosphorylation. BDNF-induced MAPK phosphorylation was completely abolished by MEK inhibitors, and was partially inhibited by farnesyltransferase or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI-3 kinase) inhibitors. On the other hand, BDNF-induced Akt phosphorylation was unaffected by farnesyltransferase or MEK inhibitors, but could be blocked by PI-3 kinase inhibitors. Together, these data suggest a requirement of BDNF for fear learning. The memory-enhancing effect of BDNF involves the activation of MAPK and PI-3 kinase. BDNF-induced MAPK phosphorylation in the amygdala is mediated via TrkB and the Shc-binding site. Shc binding to TrkB leads to activation of Ras, Raf, and MEK. In addition, BDNF could induce phosphorylation of MAPK via activation of PI-3 kinase.
authors: Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
authors: Li-Chin
authors: LC
authors: Ou
authors: Po-Wu
authors: PW
authors: Gean
mesh_terms: D000679:Amygdala / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D003213:Conditioning, Psychological / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D004597:Electroshock / Q000379:methods; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D005239:Fear; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013216:Reflex, Startle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D020559:Monomeric GTP-Binding Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases