Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its ligands in controlling interleukin-1beta target gene expression: a confusing story.
Antiinflammatory effects by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists have been previously reported. However, PPARgamma dependency and the molecular mechanism involved in these effects require more investigation to clearly demonstrate whether PPARgamma is a key modulator of the antiinflammatory process. This would permit the design of more specific agonists or antagonists able to address the gamma subtype without cross reactions with other transcription factors, thus preventing undesirable side effects. However, several hurdles need to be taken into consideration, such as the coexpression of several PPAR isotypes in the same cell type. As PPARgamma and -alpha seem to play equal antiinflammatory roles, determining the subset of specific PPAR subtype target genes appears to be crucial. The work described here is our current understanding of the modulations of interleukin-1 target gene expression by PPARgamma and its ligands.
François
M
M
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris, Paris, France.
Richette
P
P
Corvol
M-T
MT
D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008024:Ligands; D047495:PPAR gamma