title: Optimal strategies for adaptive curve lighting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Conventional low beams headlamps do not provide sufficient illumination for nighttime visibility on curves.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analytical study evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of several curve-lighting strategies that involve moving one or both low beams by various amounts. Two curve radii were examined for both curve directions, using representative tungsten-halogen and high-intensity discharge low-beam patterns. The dependent variable was the maximum distance of 3-lux illumination (combined from both lamps) at a plane 0.25 m above the roadway for seven lateral positions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For short-radius, left and right curves, moving both lamps in parallel should substantially increase the visibility of objects in one's lane of travel, in several additional lanes of travel to the left and right, and off the road.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because of the lateral trade-offs of advantages and disadvantages for large-radius curves, additional research is needed to better understand the desirable approach for these types of curves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moving both lamps in parallel into the curve is recommended for small-radius curves.
authors: The University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2150, United States. sivak@umich.edu
authors: Michael
authors: M
authors: Sivak
authors: Brandon
authors: B
authors: Schoettle
authors: Michael J
authors: MJ
authors: Flannagan
authors: Takako
authors: T
authors: Minoda
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001336:Automobiles; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting