title: Relationships between smoking behavior and readiness to change physical activity patterns in a community in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between readiness to change exercise behavior and smoking behavior; stratified by gender.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey of those inhabitants of Hikami, Japan, who were 30 years of age or older (n = 11,708). The response rate was 82.1%. Chi-squared tests and analysis of variance were used to evaluate differences in characteristics by smoking behavior, and the odds ratio (OR) was calculated to examine the relationship while controlling for possible confounding factors such as age, body mass index, and health consciousness.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Even when controlling for confounding factors, the relationship between the two behaviors differed according to gender Among males, ex-smokers were more likely to be motivated to exercise (OR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], .95-1.36), whereas among females, smokers were more likely to be motivated to exercise (OR, .40; 95% CI, .34-.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite some limitations, the findings suggest that gender should be used as a stratification variable when discussing the relationship between smoking and exercise behaviors.
authors: Kyoto University Graduate School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan. akamatsu@pbh.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors: Rie
authors: R
authors: Akamatsu
authors: Masakazu
authors: M
authors: Nakamura
authors: Taro
authors: T
authors: Shirakawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D001519:Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003657:Decision Making; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires