title: Contrast-enhanced sonography of pancreatic carcinoma: correlations with pathological findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We examined contrast-enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonographic findings of pancreatic carcinoma in relation to the pathological findings in resected specimens to evaluate correlations between observations made by this modality and the pathological findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pathological findings of surgical specimens obtained from 16 patients were examined in relation to the contrast-enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonography findings. Lesion vascularity was examined by contrast-enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonography from 20 to 50 s after the injection of Levovist (Schering, Berlin, Germany) (early phase), and lesion enhancement was also monitored at approximately 90 s after injection (delayed phase).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Contrast-enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonography showed positive enhancement in 12 of the 16 lesions (peripheral tumor region alone, n = 9; entire tumor, n = 3), while the other 4 lesions showed no contrast enhancement in any region. Twelve enhanced regions (9 peripheral tumor region and 3 entire tumor regions) detected by contrast-enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonography showed: (1) mild fibrosis with inflammation, in 10 regions (83%); (2) the presence of both carcinoma cells and residual acinar cells in 8 (67%); and (3) presence of relatively large arteries in 2 (17%). In contrast, 13 non-enhanced regions (4 entire tumor regions and 9 central regions) showed: (1) severe fibrosis in 10 regions (77%); (2) necrosis in 7 (54%); and (3) mucin in 4 (31%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Contrast-enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonographic findings of pancreatic carcinoma are influenced by interstitial histological features associated with tumor growth.
authors: Gastroenterological Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama, 232-0024, Japan.
authors: Kazushi
authors: K
authors: Numata
authors: Yutaka
authors: Y
authors: Ozawa
authors: Noritoshi
authors: N
authors: Kobayashi
authors: Toru
authors: T
authors: Kubota
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Shimada
authors: Akinori
authors: A
authors: Nozawa
authors: Yukio
authors: Y
authors: Nakatani
authors: Kazuya
authors: K
authors: Sugimori
authors: Kenichi
authors: K
authors: Matsuo
authors: Toshio
authors: T
authors: Imada
authors: Katsuaki
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011134:Polysaccharides; C059891:SHU 508