title: The validity of searching routinely collected general practice computer data to identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD): a manual review of 500 medical records.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We conducted a search of 12 practices' routinely collected computer data in three localities across the UK and found that 4.9% of the registered population had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) (equivalent to stages 3-5 CKD). Only 3.6% of these were known to have renal disease. Although UK general practice is computerized, important clinical data might be recorded in letters or free-text computer entries and might therefore be invisible to the standard computer search tools. We therefore manually searched through all the records of patients with stages 3-5 CKD in one practice, to test the validity of the computer generated diagnosis and to see if other relevant information was missed by the computer search.
  
  
  METHODS
  We identified 492 people with stages 3-5 CKD using computer searching and then manually searched their computer records and written notes for any missed data. The dataset included cardiovascular morbidities and risk factors including diabetes; drugs which may impair renal function; known renal disease; and terminal diagnoses and dementia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The manual searches only added four renal diagnoses to the 36 already identified. Although heart failure and stroke appear to be over-estimated by computer searches, other cardiovascular diagnoses were reliably recorded. Cardiovascular risk factors and drug recording is a strength of general practice computer data. It is complete and contemporary, though most patients had scope to have their cardiovascular risk reduced further. Eighty-four percent had a haemoglobin estimation, and a higher proportion with reduced renal function were anaemic (P<0.001). Testing for proteinuria was less well recorded; negative stick tests were not recorded. Clinical diagnoses of prostatism and bladder outflow problems made these data hard to interpret.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Automated searching of general practice computer records could provide a reliable and valid way of identifying people with stages 3-5 CKD who could benefit from interventions readily available in primary care.
authors: St George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
authors: Sobana
authors: S
authors: Anandarajah
authors: Tracy
authors: T
authors: Tai
authors: Simon
authors: S
authors: de Lusignan
authors: Paul
authors: P
authors: Stevens
authors: Donal
authors: D
authors: O'Donoghue
authors: Mel
authors: M
authors: Walker
authors: Sean
authors: S
authors: Hilton
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology