Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial predatory birds of Belgium: levels, patterns, tissue distribution and condition factors.
Liver and muscle samples from 7 species of aquatic and terrestrial predatory birds from Flanders (Belgium) were analysed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). PCBs were the predominant compounds in our samples, which showed highest concentrations in the liver of barn owl (Tyto alba) and sparrowhawk (Accipiter nisus) (up to 1000 microg/g lipid weight). PBDEs could be determined in most samples at lower concentrations than PCBs (up to 64 microg/g lipid in sparrowhawk liver). Sparrowhawks had the highest levels of hexachlorobenzene, DDTs and PBDEs. In contrast, kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) had relatively low levels of most measured organochlorines. BDE 47 was the most abundant congener in heron (Ardea cinerea) and grebe (Podiceps cristatus), while BDE 47, 99 and 153 were equally important in the terrestrial species. BDE 183 and BDE 209 were only measured in the terrestrial birds. These results indicate that terrestrial birds may be more exposed to higher brominated BDE congeners than aquatic species.
Jaspers
V L B
VL
Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. veerle.jaspers@ua.ac.be
Covaci
A
A
Voorspoels
S
S
Dauwe
T
T
Eens
M
M
Schepens
P
P
D000818:Animals; D001530:Belgium; D001717:Birds; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D005399:Fishes; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D020387:Food Chain; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis; D013045:Species Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
D005411:Flame Retardants; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D010575:Pesticides; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C483839:2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls