title: Breast cancer and pregnancy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of women who have breast cancers diagnosed whilst they are pregnant is challenging. The aim is to give optimal treatment to the mother to maximise the chances of survival, whilst minimising the risks of harm to the fetus. However, few breast surgeons or oncologists develop expertise in this area owing to the rarity of the association.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this review we evaluate and summarise the current literature regarding the diagnosis, management and prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Data were identified by searches of Medline, PubMed and references from relevant articles for the period from 1966 to 2004. Papers were selected based on their size and adequacy of design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There is a lack of controlled data concerning the management of pregnancy-associated breast cancer. The data available suggest that diagnosis and surgery may be carried out as for the non-pregnant patient, with some limitations on staging investigations. Radiotherapy is contraindicated during pregnancy although, in terms of immediate complications, chemotherapy can be used after the first trimester.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data from prospective databases that are currently recruiting will provide further important information concerning the management of this condition, and in particular the long-term sequelae for mother and fetus.
authors: Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
authors: A E
authors: AE
authors: Ring
authors: I E
authors: IE
authors: Smith
authors: P A
authors: PA
authors: Ellis
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome