title: Information-giving sequences in general practice consultations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most patients want to be involved in the decision-making process regarding their health and doctors need to improve their ability to meet these needs. Before implementing educational interventions, a better understanding of how information is provided in routine clinical practice is necessary. Aim of this study was to analyse the information-giving sequence of general practice consultations.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is an observational study that involved six general practitioners (GPs) in single-handed practices and patients (aged between 16 and 74) who consulted over a 2-month period for a new illness episode. Transcripts of 252 consultations were coded using the Verona Medical Interview Classification System that provides three categories for information giving (information on illness management; instructions on illness management and information and instructions on psychosocial aspects). Lag1 and lag2 sequential analyses were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Information represented about one-third of the average consultation length. Medical and psychosocial information were preceded most often by patients' replies to previous questions (36% and 41%, respectively) and by listening and agreement (21% and 23%, respectively), less frequently by expression of opinions (10% and 6%, respectively). Listening and agreement were the most likely patient response after information (36%). GPs rarely tried to find out patients' view before and after the delivery of information or an instruction (<1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low frequency of expressions of opinions and questions immediately before and after GPs' information and instructions, and the lack of facilitating questions indicate a limited degree of patient involvement in the information-giving sequence.
authors: Department of Medicine and Public Health, Section of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Goss
authors: Maria A
authors: MA
authors: Mazzi
authors: Lidia
authors: L
authors: Del Piccolo
authors: Michela
authors: M
authors: Rimondini
authors: Christa
authors: C
authors: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D033181:Information Dissemination / Q000379:methods*; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D010358:Patient Participation; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013637:Tape Recording