Head injuries in airbag-equipped motor vehicles with special emphasis on AIS 1 and 2 facial and loss of consciousness injuries.
OBJECTIVE
Safety of the airbag supplemental restraint system (airbag) is a well-known concern. Although many lives are saved each year through airbag use, injuries continue to occur, especially to the head. Airbag safety research has focused primarily on severe injuries, while minor and moderate injuries have been largely ignored.


METHODS
In this study, 205,977 injury cases from the 1995 to 2001 National Automotive Sampling System (NASS)/ Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) were surveyed to determine the prevalence of AIS 1 and 2 facial and brain loss of consciousness (LOC) injuries and determine if these injuries are a concern. The query was focused on frontal impacts in vehicles equipped with airbags. Only occupants wearing appropriate seatbelts were included in this study so that the airbag would provide occupant protection under optimal conditions. Of the 205,977 injury cases studied, 2.4% met this criterion.


RESULTS
From the data gathered, the trends seem to indicate an increase in these specific injuries, both in terms of the total number and the proportion to all injury cases. In 1995, AIS 1 and 2 head injuries accounted for 96.5% of all head injuries caused by airbags. By 2001, the percentage had risen 3.0% to 99.5%. Injuries occurring in vehicles equipped with first-generation versus second generation airbags were compared, and data seem to suggest that there is a higher rate of minor and moderate head injuries when occupants are in second-generation airbag-equipped vehicles, even when appropriate lap and shoulder belts are used.


CONCLUSIONS
The short timeframe surveyed prevents drawing meaningful conclusions about statistical significance, but the graphical representations of the data in this study underscore an urgent need for further investigation based on current trends in order to understand the issue of minor and moderate head injury prevention in regard to airbags.
Huber
C D
CD
Bioengineering Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Lee
J B
JB
Yang
K H
KH
King
A I
AI
D015998:Abbreviated Injury Scale; D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D017278:Air Bags / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012622:Seat Belts; D014474:Unconsciousness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*