title: Systemic administration of the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease in a mouse model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease are thought to be related to concurrent infections. As infections are associated with elevated local and serum concentrations of chemokines, we have determined whether systemic administration of the CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha) exacerbates colitis in a mouse model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced in Balb/c mice using trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Starting four days later, animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of recombinant MIP-1alpha. On day 7, mice were killed and pieces of colon taken for immunohistology and polymerase chain reaction analysis. The direct effects of MIP-1alpha on mucosal T cells and fibroblasts in vitro were also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Systemic administration of MIP-1alpha markedly enhanced colitis with mice developing large transmural ulcers filled with granulation tissue. Treatment resulted in increased numbers of CD4 cells infiltrating the colonic lamina propria, increased interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) levels, and increased transcripts for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3). Isolated lamina propria lymphocytes from mice with TNBS colitis contained increased numbers of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha transcripts when stimulated with MIP-1alpha in vitro. Colonic lamina propria fibroblasts also responded to MIP-1alpha with increased proliferation and decreased collagen 1 synthesis but fibroblast proliferation was not seen in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These experiments show that increasing serum concentrations of a chemokine, MIP-1alpha, exacerbates immune mediated colitis. The effect seems to be due to the ability of MIP-1alpha to boost Th1 responses in the gut wall. Our findings also suggest a potential pathway by which peripheral infections can exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease.
authors: Division of Infection, Inflammation, and Repair, University of Southampton School of Medicine, UK
authors: S L-F
authors: SL
authors: Pender
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Chance
authors: C V
authors: CV
authors: Whiting
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Buckley
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Edwards
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Pettipher
authors: T T
authors: TT
authors: MacDonald
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000276:immunology*; D003106:Colon / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000276:immunology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000032:analysis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D054405:Chemokine CCL3; D054407:Chemokine CCL4; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D019278:Matrix Metalloproteinase 3