title: Pilot study of radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the treatment of radio-recurrent prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, morbidity, and preliminary efficacy of radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation (RITA) for the focal treatment of patients with local prostate cancer recurrence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients with biopsy-proven, hormone-naïve, clinically localized prostate cancer were enrolled in a prospective phase I/II trial. Eight patients had failed prior radiation therapy and three were not candidates for curative primary therapy (median Gleason score 7 and 6, respectively). Median follow-up was 20 months. All patients were treated with RITA in an office setting, under intravenous sedation and were discharged after the procedure. Radiofrequency energy was applied via needles placed transperineally under transrectal ultrasound guidance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The placement of 1/4 lesions was aborted in two patients due to increasing rectal temperature. Complications included transient macrohematuria (19%), bladder spasms (9%), and dysuria (9%). Serum PSA levels decreased after RITA >50% in 90% of patients, > 70% in 72% of patients, and > 80% in 46% of patients. The mean PSA doubling time after RITA was slower than that before RITA (37 +/- 22 months vs. 14 +/- 13 months, P = 0.008). At 12 months after RITA, 50% of patients with sufficient follow-up had no residual cancer on repeat systematic 12-core biopsy cores and 67% were cancer-free in biopsy cores sampled from the RITA-treated areas.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RITA treatment is a minimal invasive, rapid, user-friendly, office-based procedure that is well tolerated. Focal ablation with RITA results in effective local disease control in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer recurrence. Larger, prospective, multicenter clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.
authors: Baylor Prostate Center, Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, and The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors: Shahrokh F
authors: SF
authors: Shariat
authors: Grigorios
authors: G
authors: Raptidis
authors: Muramoto
authors: M
authors: Masatoschi
authors: Franco
authors: F
authors: Bergamaschi
authors: Kevin M
authors: KM
authors: Slawin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen