title: Blood pressure, heart rate, hormonal and other acute responses to rubber-ring castration and tail docking of lambs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine cardiovascular, hormonal and other physiological responses of 2-month-old lambs to rubber-ring castration and tail docking.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two male lambs, well accustomed to handling and prepared with femoral artery and jugular vein cannulae, were studied during a 5 h control period and, at least 2 days later, for 1 h before and 4 h after castration and tail docking using rubber rings. Pressure recordings were made via femoral cannulae and blood samples for analysis of plasma constituents were taken from jugular cannulae.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate and the plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol all increased markedly during the first 1 h after ring castration and tail docking. Although plasma ACTH and cortisol concentrations had returned to control levels by 2.5-3 h, blood pressures and heart rate were still elevated 4 h after ring application. In contrast, there were no significant changes in mean plasma concentrations of renin, electrolytes, minerals, glucose, lactate, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide and total proteins, plasma osmolality or the haematocrit after ring application. There were no significant changes in the mean values for any parameter during the 5 h control period or the 1 h period before ring application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate may be more sensitive than plasma ACTH or cortisol concentrations as indices of low-grade pain induced by ring castration and tail docking. Alternatively, it is possible that by 4 h after ring placement a small shift in sympathetic tone still persists in the absence of low-grade pain.
authors: Howard Florey Institute at The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia 3010.
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Peers
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Mellor
authors: E M
authors: EM
authors: Wintour
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Dodic