title: Changes in liver tests during 1-year treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone, metformin or gliclazide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with Type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of liver damage. Therefore, it is of particular importance to investigate the hepatic effects of drugs used to treat such patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Liver testing results performed in four 1-year, randomized, double-blind studies comparing effects of pioglitazone, metformin or a sulphonylurea, gliclazide, in the treatment of over 3700 patients with Type 2 diabetes have been analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pioglitazone caused reductions in mean levels of hepatic enzymes of between 3 and 18%, whilst gliclazide caused small increases of between 3 and 13%. Metformin treatment showed either small mean increases or decreases. More patients receiving pioglitazone had liver tests within the normal range at the end of treatment (> or = 87%) compared with patients receiving metformin (> or= 80%) or gliclazide (> or = 75%). Slightly fewer patients with pioglitazone than with comparators showed a large increase (> 3 upper limit of normal) in alanine aminotransferase levels at any time during treatment (pioglitazone 0.9%, metformin 1.9%, gliclazide 1.9%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During pioglitazone treatment there is a reduction in liver enzyme levels. Although the mechanism of this effect is not clear, the results demonstrate potential beneficial effects on the liver during treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes with pioglitazone.
authors: Takeda Europe R&D Centre, London, UK. g.belcher@takeda-eurd.co.uk
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Belcher
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Schernthaner
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005907:Gliclazide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008110:Liver Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005907:Gliclazide; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D008110:Liver Extracts; D008687:Metformin; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones