title: [The role of protein kinase C alpha in recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship of protein kinase C-alpha (PKCalpha) expression/activation with tumor differentiation and resistance to chemotherapy drugs in superficial bladder carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of PKCalpha was measured by Western-blot analysis in 76 samples including tumor and normal tissues, respectively. A human RT4 bladder cancer cell line stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-PKCalpha (RT4/PKCalpha) was established. The sensitivity of the RT4/PKCalpha and parental cells to adriamycin (ADM) was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The change of sensitivity of the RT4/PKCalpha to ADM were observed under the conditions of PKC activation and inhibition, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total level of PKCalpha expression and the ratio of the amount of PKCalpha expression or PKC activity in membrane to that in cytosol (M/C) were all more higher in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.01); With the increase of tumor grade, the relative level of PKCalpha expression significantly increased in membrane (P < 0.01) and decreased in cytosol (P < 0.01), M/C of PKCalpha was significantly elevated (P < 0.01), and total relative level of PKCalpha expression significantly increased (P < 0.01). Thirty-eight cases recurred during the follow-up period in total seventy cases. Multivariate analysis showed that high M/C of PKCalpha was independent prognostic factor for tumor recurrence after standard ADM treatment in the 2-year follow-up (RR = 3.98, 95% CI 1.22-5.68, P = 0.03). Transfection of PKCalpha increased resistance of RT4 cells to ADM [resistance index (RI): 6.97, t = 3.24, P < 0.01]. PKCalpha activation further greatly promoted the resistance (RI: 148.11, t = 5.18, P < 0.001) while inhibition of PKCalpha did conversely (RI: 1.6, t = 1.29, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The abnormal activation and expression level of PKCalpha closely correlate with both tumor grade and intrinsic resistance to ADM in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma.
authors: Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. zhyy88@hotmail.com
authors: Yu-yan
authors: YY
authors: Zhu
authors: Hai-ming
authors: HM
authors: Wang
authors: Chui-ze
authors: CZ
authors: Kong
authors: Dong-hui
authors: DH
authors: Liu
authors: Ze-liang
authors: ZL
authors: Li
authors: Zhi-xi
authors: ZX
authors: Sun
authors: Ge-fei
authors: GF
authors: Liu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin; D051571:Protein Kinase C-alpha