title: ATRIP oligomerization is required for ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling.
abstract: The ATM and ATR kinases signal cell cycle checkpoint responses to DNA damage. Inactive ATM is an oligomer that is disrupted to form active monomers in response to ionizing radiation. We examined whether ATR is activated by a similar mechanism. We found that the ATRIP subunit of the ATR kinase and ATR itself exist as homooligomers in cells. We did not detect regulation of ATR or ATRIP oligomerization after DNA damage. The predicted coiled-coil domain of ATRIP is essential for ATRIP oligomerization, stable ATR binding, and accumulation of ATRIP at DNA lesions. Additionally, the ATRIP coiled-coil is also required for ATRIP to support ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling to Chk1. Replacing the ATRIP coiled-coil domain with a heterologous dimerization domain restored stable binding to ATR and localization to damage-induced intranuclear foci. Thus, the ATR-ATRIP complex exists in higher order oligomeric states within cells and ATRIP oligomerization is essential for its function.
authors: Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA.
authors: Heather L
authors: HL
authors: Ball
authors: David
authors: D
authors: Cortez
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D020798:Two-Hybrid System Techniques
chemical_list: C521194:ATRIP protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C576597:ATR protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D005090:Exodeoxyribonucleases; C429526:three prime repair exonuclease 1