title: Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype with 24-h blood pressure abnormalities in normoalbuminuric children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the distribution of the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and to evaluate the association between ACE genotype and blood pressure (BP).
  
  
  METHODS
  ACE genotypes were assessed in 124 normoalbuminuric, clinically normotensive Type 1 diabetic children and adolescents and 120 non-diabetic controls using polymerase chain reaction. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP monitoring was undertaken in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ACE genotypes distributed in patients as follows: 34 (27%) DD, 57 (46%) ID, 33 (27%) II. The distribution was similar in the control group: DD in 28% (33), ID in 45% (54), and II in 27% (33). Patients with DD genotype had higher mean 24-h diastolic BP (73.8 +/- 6.2 vs. 70.2 +/- 5.0 and 69.7 +/- 6.3 mmHg; P = 0.005) and lower diurnal variation in BP (11.8 +/- 4.6 vs. 14.2 +/- 4.2 and 14.8 +/- 4.3%; P = 0.011) compared with ID and II groups. Four patients in the DD group proved to be non-dipper compared with one in the ID and none in the II group (P = 0.026). Twenty-four-hour diastolic blood pressure was independently predictive for AER as dependent variable in the DD genotype patient group (r(2) = 0.12, P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes do not differ from the non-diabetic population regarding the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene. ACE gene polymorphism is associated with BP abnormalities in normotensive and normoalbuminuric children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.
authors: Institute of Child Health, Borsod County University Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Miskolc, Hungary. Barkai.L@axelero.hu
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Barkai
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Soós
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Vámosi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D006814:Hungary; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A