Macrophages and progressive tubulointerstitial disease.
Macrophages and progressive tubulointerstitial disease. In chronic renal disease, tubulointerstitial inflammation and injury is associated with infiltrating macrophages. As a consequence of primary injury, proteinuria, chronic hypoxia, and glomerular-derived cytokines may all differentially modulate the expression of factors that promote macrophage recruitment. In addition to adhesion molecules and chemokines, products of complement system and renin-angiotensin system activation may direct this process. Once present at interstitial sites, macrophages interact with resident cells and extracellular matrix to generate a proinflammatory microenvironment that amplifies tissues injury and promotes scarring. There is now increasing evidence for the efficacy of interventions directed against factors that recruit, activate, or are produced by macrophages. A detailed understanding of the biology of this area may lead to the further development of therapies that will improve the outcome of renal disease.
Sean Eardley
Kevin
K
Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Cockwell
Paul
P
D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000473:pathology*; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology