title: Current attitudes to, and use of, peri-operative analgesia in dogs and cats by veterinarians in New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the attitudes of veterinary practitioners in New Zealand to pain and analgesia, and their use of analgesic drugs, in dogs and cats.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire posted to 1,200 practising veterinarians was used to gather information about the use of analgesia in dogs and cats, assessment of pain, attitudes to pain relief, analgesic drugs and procedures used, factors affecting choice of analgesic agent, and veterinary demographics, continuing education and staffing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three hundred and twenty questionnaires with useable data were returned, a response rate of 28%. Male and female veterinarians were evenly represented. The analgesic agents most commonly used were morphine (opioids) and carprofen (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; NSAID). Use of peri-operative pain relief ranged from 50% for castration of cats to 91% for fracture repair in dogs. For most procedures, female veterinarians scored pain at a significantly higher level than their male colleagues. Fifty-eight percent of respondents considered their knowledge in the area of assessment and treatment of pain was adequate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey was considered representative of veterinarians working in companion animal practice in New Zealand. Results indicated a relatively high use of peri-operative analgesia, including both pre-emptive and multi-modal analgesia, in cats and dogs, although there was still some disparity between the perception of how painful a procedure was and the consequent use of pain relief.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The establishment of current attitudes and practices indicates to practising veterinarians how their own use of analgesics compares with that of their colleagues. It also provides information to educators on potential areas of focus, given that 42% of respondents felt their knowledge in the area of assessment and treatment of pain was inadequate.
authors: School of Natural Sciences, Unitec Institute of Technology, Private Bag 92025, Auckland, New Zealand. vwilliams@unitec.ac.nz
authors: V M
authors: VM
authors: Williams
authors: B D X
authors: BD
authors: Lascelles
authors: M C
authors: MC
authors: Robson
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000662:veterinary*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000662:veterinary; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018634:Veterinarians / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002227:Carbazoles; D009020:Morphine; C007005:carprofen