[Hyperpolarized (3)helium gas for functional magnetic resonance imaging of the lung].
Lung imaging is traditionally done using X-ray-based methods, since MRI is limited by low proton density as well as inherent magnetic field inhomogeneities of the lung tissue. After introduction of MRI using hyperpolarized noble gases, a totally new field of MRI of the chest has rapidly evolved. These techniques reveal new functional information of the lungs, which could not be obtained before. The first part of this review describes the underlying MR technology explaining distribution of static ventilation, dynamic distribution of ventilation, lung microstructure (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]), measurement of oxygen partial pressure (pO(2)), and safety. The clinical potential is afterwards demonstrated in the second part. Therefore, the effort in normal lungs and the mainly focused diseases chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), smoker's lung, cystic fibrosis, asthma, lung transplantation, and pulmonary embolism are reported.
Heussel
Claus Peter
CP
Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz. cheussel@uni-mainz.de
Gast
Klaus K
KK
Dahmen
Anja
A
Morbach
Andreas E
AE
Kauczor
Hans-Ulrich
HU
Schreiber
Wolfgang G
WG
Thelen
Manfred
M
van Beek
Edwin J R
EJ
D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006371:Helium; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D007554:Isotopes; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011653:Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology; D014692:Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio / Q000502:physiology
D003287:Contrast Media; D007554:Isotopes; D006371:Helium; D010100:Oxygen