title: The intracerebral application of the PPARgamma-ligand pioglitazone confers neuroprotection against focal ischaemia in the rat brain.
abstract: The present study addresses the neuroprotective function of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) application of pioglitazone, a selective ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) in the rat brain after ischaemia. Pioglitazone or vehicle were i.c.v. infused via osmotic minipumps over a 5-day period before, and 2 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 min. This i.c.v. application of pioglitazone in the brain significantly reduced the infarct size and brain oedema, and attenuated in the peri-infarct cortical regions the invasion of activated microglia and macrophages. Moreover, pioglitazone improved the recovery of sensory deficits 48 h after MCAO. Our data demonstrate for the first time that it is the activation of intracerebral PPARgamma that can confer neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory and neurological improvement following ischaemic injury.
authors: Institute of Pharmacology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Hospitalstrasse 4, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Zhao
authors: Andreas
authors: A
authors: Patzer
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Gohlke
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Herdegen
authors: Juraj
authors: J
authors: Culman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001929:Brain Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004660:Encephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D005911:Gliosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D000077205:Pioglitazone