title: Clinical and economic outcomes of pharmacist-managed aminoglycoside or vancomycin therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The associations between pharmacist-managed aminoglycoside or vancomycin therapy for hospitalized Medicare patients who had diagnoses indicating probable treatment with these antibiotics and the major health care outcomes of death rate, length of stay, Medicare charges, hearing loss, and renal impairment were explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pharmacist management of drug therapy was evaluated in a study population composed of 199,082 Medicare patients treated in 961 hospitals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In hospitals that did not have pharmacist-managed aminoglycoside or vancomycin therapy, death rates were 6.71% higher (1,048 excess deaths [chi(2) (1) = 43.801, p < 0.0001]), length of stay was 12.28% higher (131,660 excess patient days [U = 4.701 x 10(9), p < 0.0001]), total Medicare charges were 6.30% higher (140,745,924 US dollars in excess total Medicare charges [U = 4.864 x 10(9), p < 0.0001]), drug charges were 8.15% higher (34,769,250 US dollars in excess drug charges [U = 4.785 x 10(9), p < 0.0001]), laboratory charges were 7.80% higher (22,530,474 US dollars in excess laboratory charges [U = 4.860 x 10(9), p < 0.0001]), hearing loss was 46.42% higher (134 more patients with hearing loss [chi(2) = 54.423, df = 1, p < 0.0001]), renal impairment was 33.95% higher (2,801 more patients with renal impairment [chi(2) = 118.13, df = 1, p < 0.0001]), and the death rate in patients who developed complications was 10.15% higher (231 excess deaths [chi(2) = 22.345, df = 1, p < 0.0001]) than in hospitals with pharmacists managing these drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of pharmacist-managed aminoglycoside or vancomycin therapy was associated with significant improvement in health care and economic outcomes for Medicare patients who received these drugs.
authors: Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA. cab.bond@ttuhsc.edu
authors: C A Cab
authors: CA
authors: Bond
authors: Cynthia L
authors: CL
authors: Raehl
mesh_terms: D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D003953:Diagnosis-Related Groups / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D006278:Medicare; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010595:Pharmacists; D010607:Pharmacy Service, Hospital / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D024382:Professional Role; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000617:Aminoglycosides; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014640:Vancomycin