title: Inducible nitric oxide synthase links NF-kappaB to PGE2 in polyunsaturated fatty acid altered fibroblast in-vitro wound healing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study investigated mechanisms of altered fibroblast collagen production induced by polyunsaturated fatty acids. 3T3-Swiss fibroblasts were grown in medium containing either eicosapentaenoic or arachidonic acid. The effects of nuclear factor-kappaB activation by lipopolysaccharide on inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, collagen production, and in-vitro wound healing were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eicosapentaenoic acid treated cells produced less prostaglandin E2 but had increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, nitric oxide production, collagen formation, and recoverage area during in-vitro wound healing than cells treated with arachidonic acid. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB with lipopolysaccharide increased inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, the production of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, collagen, and the in-vitro wound recoverage area. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, but the amount of nitric oxide was greater in eicosapentaenoic acid treated cells. NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester plus lipopolysaccharide treatment increased collagen production and cellular recoverage area while treatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester alone decreased it in wounded fibroblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of the NF-kappaB pathway and PGE2 can be linked by the cross-talk of iNOS and NO in the PUFA altered fibroblast collagen production and wound healing. Additional studies are needed to determine how polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used as adjuvants in combination with other treatments (i.e, drugs) to design therapies to either enhance healthy collagen production or inhibit production and reduce fibrosis.
authors: Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. yjia@purdue.edu
authors: Yi
authors: Y
authors: Jia
authors: John J
authors: JJ
authors: Turek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003094:Collagen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism*; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D041701:Swiss 3T3 Cells; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009573:Nitrites; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D003094:Collagen; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D015232:Dinoprostone