title: Mole quantity of RPE65 and its productivity in the generation of 11-cis-retinal from retinyl esters in the living mouse eye.
abstract: RPE65, a protein expressed in cells of the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye, is essential for the synthesis by isomerohydrolase of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rod and cone opsins. Recent work has established that RPE65 is a retinyl ester binding protein, and as all-trans-retinyl esters are the substrate for isomerohydrolase activity, the hypothesis has emerged that RPE65 serves to deliver substrate to this enzyme or complex. We bred mice with five distinct combinations of the RPE65 Leu450/Met450 variants (Leu/Leu, Met/Met, Leu/Met, Leu/-, and Met/-), measured in mice of each genotype the mole quantity of RPE65 per eye, and measured the initial rate of rhodopsin regeneration after a nearly complete bleach of rhodopsin to estimate the maximum rate of 11-cis-retinal synthesis in vivo. The quantity of RPE65 per eye ranged from 5.7 pmol (Balb/c) to 0.32 pmol (C57BL/6N x Rpe65(-)(/)(-)); the initial rate of rhodopsin regeneration was a Michaelis function of RPE65, where V(max) = 18 pmol/min per eye and K(m) = 1.7 pmol, and not dependent on the Leu450/Met450 variant. At RPE65 levels well below the K(m), the rate of production of 11-cis-retinal per RPE65 molecule was approximately 10 min(-)(1). Thus, the results imply that as a chaperone each RPE65 molecule can deliver retinyl ester to the isomerohydrolase at a rate of 10 molecules/min; should RPE65 itself be identified as the isomerase, each copy must be able to produce at least 10 molecules of 11-cis-retinal per minute.
authors: F. M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 422 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6069, USA.
authors: Arkady L
authors: AL
authors: Lyubarsky
authors: Andrey B
authors: AB
authors: Savchenko
authors: Sarah B
authors: SB
authors: Morocco
authors: Lauren L
authors: LL
authors: Daniele
authors: T Michael
authors: TM
authors: Redmond
authors: Edward N
authors: EN
authors: Pugh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004952:Esters; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007700:Kinetics; D007930:Leucine / Q000235:genetics; D008715:Methionine / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D019745:cis-trans-Isomerases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000099178:Retinoid Isomerohydrolase
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004952:Esters; D005136:Eye Proteins; D007930:Leucine; D008715:Methionine; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012172:Retinaldehyde; D012243:Rhodopsin; D019745:cis-trans-Isomerases; D000099178:Retinoid Isomerohydrolase