title: Atomic force microscopy and laser confocal scanning microscopy analysis of callose fibers developed from protoplasts of embryogenic cells of a conifer.
abstract: Efficiency of novel fiber formation was much improved in protoplast culture of embryogenic cells (ECs) of a conifer, Larix leptolepis (Sieb. et Zucc.) Gord., by pre-culturing ECs in a medium containing a high concentration of glutamine (13.7 mM). The fibrillar substructures of large and elongated fibers of protoplasts isolated from Larix ECs were investigated by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) after Aniline Blue staining and atomic force microscopy (AFM) using a micromanipulator without any pre-treatment. Fibers were composed of bundles of fibrils and subfibrils, whose diameters were defined as 0.7 and 0.17 mum, respectively, by image analysis after LCSM and AFM. These fibers were proven to be composed of callose by using specific degrading enzymes for beta-1,4-glucan and beta-1,3-glucan.
authors: Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, 240-8501 Kanagawa, Japan.
authors: Takeshi
authors: T
authors: Fukumoto
authors: Noriko
authors: N
authors: Hayashi
authors: Hamako
authors: H
authors: Sasamoto
mesh_terms: D002236:Carbohydrate Conformation; D002458:Cell Fractionation; D044602:Cellulases / Q000378:metabolism; D005936:Glucans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D005959:Glucosidases / Q000378:metabolism; D005973:Glutamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D028221:Larix / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry / Q000196:embryology*; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D011523:Protoplasts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D047071:beta-Glucans / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005936:Glucans; D047071:beta-Glucans; D005973:Glutamine; C048306:callose; D044602:Cellulases; D005959:Glucosidases