title: Cannabis use to enhance sportive and non-sportive performances among French sport students.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite a large public health interest in substance use among athletes, only a few works have addressed illicit drug use in relation with sport practice. We have studied cannabis use to enhance both sportive and non-sportive performance among French sport university students.
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous self-reported questionnaire was administered to a sample of students from six Sport Science Universities from Southern France. Information on sport practice and cannabis use (frequency, quantity, motives) was collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Males were more prone to have already used cannabis to enhance non-sportive performance as well as sportive performance. The simultaneous equation model indicated that both kinds of enhancing-substance use were endogenous: cannabis use to enhance sportive performance leads to cannabis use to enhance non-sportive performance and reciprocally. Moreover, the relaxing properties of cannabis may be frequently used to enhance performance. Cannabis use to enhance sportive performance was positively related to the competitive level and to sliding sports.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study helps to improve understanding on an empirical paradox about the relationship between doping agents use and so-called 'recreational' drug use among athletes. Indeed, people who use doping agents may also use 'recreational' drugs for a 'non-recreational' purpose.
authors: UPRES EA 3285 (Department of Physiology) and IFR 107 Marey, 163, avenue de Luminy, case 910 Faculty of Sport Sciences Marseilles, University of the Mediterranean, Marseilles, France. lorente@staps.univ-mrs.fr
authors: Fabrice Olivier
authors: FO
authors: Lorente
authors: Patrick
authors: P
authors: Peretti-Watel
authors: Laurent
authors: L
authors: Grelot
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D009042:Motivation; D013177:Sports / Q000523:psychology*; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires