title: Precaruncular medial canthopexy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a new 3-dimensional technique for medial canthal repositioning, precaruncular medial canthopexy (PMC), and to present an outcome study demonstrating its efficacy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data (age, sex, cause, and initial symptoms) were collected prospectively on patients with malposition of the lower eyelid. All patients were photographed before and after surgery in a set protocol. The type and severity of eyelid malposition were documented using the Ectropion Grading Scale (EGS) before and after each procedure. Surgical outcome was evaluated by objective improvement of ectropion grading and subjective resolution of symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Precaruncular medial canthopexy was performed on 30 eyelids of 27 consecutive patients (10 were revisions) for correction of medial eyelid laxity or malposition. Twenty-six patients had ectropion, and 1 had bilateral entropion. The most common cause of eyelid malposition was facial paralysis (n = 21). Ancillary procedures, most commonly lateral transorbital canthopexy (for correction of lateral ectropion), were performed on 60% of the eyelids at the time of PMC. Twenty-eight procedures resulted in complete restoration of the medial canthus to a normal position (EGS grade I). Two patients had minimal residual medial scleral show after surgery (EGS grade II) but experienced symptom relief. There were no wound infections or perioperative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Precaruncular medial canthopexy rapidly and safely restores support in all 3 dimensions without blocking the visual field or damaging the lacrimal system, with minimal morbidity and excellent wound healing. In addition to being a primary technique for correcting medial eyelid malposition, PMC should be routinely considered as an adjunct procedure when correcting lateral eyelid malposition.
authors: Division of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, 92103, USA. kmoe@ucsd.edu
authors: Kris S
authors: KS
authors: Moe
authors: Chuan-Hsiang
authors: CH
authors: Kao
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004483:Ectropion / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D005143:Eyelids / Q000601:surgery*; D005158:Facial Paralysis / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome