title: A clinical comparison of variable-damping and mechanically passive prosthetic knee devices.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although variable-damping knee prostheses offer some improvements over mechanically passive prostheses to transfemoral amputees, there is insufficient evidence that such prostheses provide advantages at self-selected walking speeds. In this investigation, we address this question by comparing two variable-damping knees, the hydraulic-based Otto Bock C-leg and the magnetorheological-based Ossur Rheo, with the mechanically passive, hydraulic-based Mauch SNS.
  
  
  METHODS
  For each prosthesis, metabolic data were collected on eight unilateral amputees walking at self-selected speeds across an indoor track. Furthermore, kinetic, kinematic, and electromyographic data were collected while walking at self-selected speeds across a 10-m walkway in a laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When using the Rheo, metabolic rate decreases by 5% compared with the Mauch and by 3% compared with the C-leg. Furthermore, for the C-leg and Rheo knee devices, we observe biomechanical advantages over the mechanically passive Mauch. These advantages include an enhanced smoothness of gait, a decrease in hip work production, a lower peak hip flexion moment at terminal stance, and a reduction in peak hip power generation at toe-off.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that variable-damping knee prostheses offer advantages over mechanically passive designs for unilateral transfemoral amputees walking at self-selected ambulatory speeds, and the results further suggest that a magnetorheological-based system may have advantages over hydraulic-based designs.
authors: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors: Jennifer L
authors: JL
authors: Johansson
authors: Delsey M
authors: DM
authors: Sherrill
authors: Patrick O
authors: PO
authors: Riley
authors: Paolo
authors: P
authors: Bonato
authors: Hugh
authors: H
authors: Herr
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000674:Amputees; D001186:Artificial Limbs; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005684:Gait / Q000502:physiology; D006621:Hip Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007720:Knee Prosthesis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D016138:Walking / Q000502:physiology*