title: Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 CTAR1 mediates rodent and human fibroblast transformation through activation of PI3K.
abstract: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus associated with a variety of malignancies including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The EBV-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is considered the EBV oncogene as it is necessary for EBV-induced B-lymphocyte transformation and has been shown to transform rodent fibroblasts. LMP1 contains two signaling domains, the carboxy-terminal activating region 1 and 2 (CTAR1 and CTAR2), by which NF-kappaB, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase are activated. In this study, the role of CTAR1 and CTAR2 in LMP1-mediated transformation of rodent fibroblasts was analysed. CTAR1 was found to be necessary for rodent fibroblast transformation, whereas CTAR2 was dispensable. The activation of the PI3K pathway in Rat-1 cells by LMP1 and LMP1-CTAR1 in transformed cells resulted in phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. The role of PI3K and NF-kappaB activation in LMP1-mediated transformation was further analysed using the chemical inhibitors LY294002 and BAY 11-7085. LY294002 inhibited CTAR1-induced focus formation and anchorage-independent growth, whereas BAY 11-7085 did not inhibit focus formation or anchorage-independent growth. Similar studies in human fibroblasts confirmed that LMP1-CTAR1 also mediates aberrant growth, phosphorylation of Akt, and decreased levels of p27. These findings indicate that LMP1-mediated rodent fibroblast transformation is dependent upon activation of PI3K and Akt and is independent of activation of NF-kappaB.
authors: Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors: Bernardo A
authors: BA
authors: Mainou
authors: David N
authors: DN
authors: Everly
authors: Nancy
authors: N
authors: Raab-Traub
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D015342:DNA Probes; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051381:Rats; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; C037662:EBV-associated membrane antigen, Epstein-Barr virus; D014763:Viral Matrix Proteins; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases