title: Assessment of sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on oriental fruit Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).
abstract: Sublethal effects of the insect growth regulator methoxyfenozide were examined in oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), in laboratory and field studies. In laboratory studies, oriental fruit moth larvae reared on diet amended with 0.1 ppm methoxyfenozide developed at the same rate as larvae reared on untreated diet, and paired moths reared as larvae from the same treated or untreated diets exhibited similar fecundity and fertility. Population growth differences over multiple generations were used to examine sublethal effects of methoxyfenozide on population dynamics in the field. Multiple single-tree cages were placed over apple (Malus spp.) trees treated with two applications of methoxyfenozide (70 g [AI] /ha) and nontreated trees. Cages were infested at a single time point with virgin male and female oriental fruit moth adults, and population growth was evaluated by egg counts, shoot infestation, fruit damage, and larval counts over a 12-wk period. Significantly fewer eggs, larvae, and damaged fruit were found on methoxyfenozide-treated compared with nontreated trees in 2001. Observed population differences may have been a result of direct mortality to eggs and larvae of the first generation rather than sublethal effects. In 2002, no differences were observed between treatments, but a heavy rain event shortly after the early infestation impacted the experiment. A late moth release treatment was tested in 2002 to examine the effects of residual methoxyfenozide 55 d after initial application. Significantly fewer eggs were found in the methoxyfenozide treatment compared with the control, but no differences existed among treatments in shoot infestation, percentage of damaged fruit, or larval populations. It was concluded direct mortality of eggs and larvae exposed to methoxyfenozide rather than sublethal effects were most important in reduction of subsequent generations.
authors: Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27665, USA.
authors: Daniel M
authors: DM
authors: Borchert
authors: James F
authors: JF
authors: Walgenbach
authors: George G
authors: GG
authors: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005638:Fruit; D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; D007814:Larva / Q000254:growth & development; D027845:Malus; D009036:Moths / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010063:Ovum; D011156:Population Density; D012098:Reproduction
chemical_list: D006834:Hydrazines; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; C406712:methoxyfenozide