title: Low ankle-brachial index associated with rise in creatinine level over time: results from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) predicts risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease events, and stroke. However, it is unknown whether a low ABI also predicts a decline in renal function.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the association between ABI and change in serum creatinine level over time among 13 655 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study who underwent serum creatinine and ABI measurement at baseline and also underwent serum creatinine measurement 3 years later at the second study visit. The study outcome was a 50% rise in serum creatinine level from baseline to the second study visit.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 0.48% of participants with an ABI of 1 or higher, 0.9% of participants with an ABI between 0.9 and 0.99, and 2.16% of participants with an ABI lower than 0.9 experienced a 50% or greater increase in serum creatinine level. In multivariate analysis, participants with an ABI lower than 0.9 were still more than twice as likely as those in the referent category (ABI > or = 1) to experience an increase in serum creatinine level (odds ratio 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.7) (P = .04), and a linear trend in the incidence of worsening renal function was noted across ABI categories (P = .02). Analyses excluding participants with renal insufficiency, diabetes, and hypertension at baseline all produced similar results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to known associations of the ABI with stroke, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease events, and cardiovascular death, a low ABI also predicts an increase in serum creatinine level over time.
authors: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA. Ann.O'Hare@med.va.gov
authors: Ann M
authors: AM
authors: O'Hare
authors: Rudolph A
authors: RA
authors: Rodriguez
authors: Peter
authors: P
authors: Bacchetti
mesh_terms: D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011150:Popliteal Artery / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D003404:Creatinine