title: Poly-D,L-lactide interference screws for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Biodegradable interference fixation screws are widely used for anterior cruciate ligament surgery. This study evaluated 2 issues: the clinical effectiveness of a poly-D,L-lactide interference screw and the radiographic response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective series of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions fixed with poly-D(2%),L(98%)-lactide screws were evaluated at annual intervals. Inclusion criteria were unilateral knee instability, positive Lachman and pivot-shift tests, minimum age of 16 years, and adequate bone density. Exclusionary criteria included posterior cruciate ligament tears and previous ligament surgery on the same knee. Tegner, Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) activity scores, Lachman and pivot-shift tests, and radiographs were obtained. Postoperative KT-2000 examinations were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-one patients with 63 knees met these criteria (39 male, 22 female), at an average follow-up of 24 months (range, 12 to 42 months). The average postoperative Cincinnati score was 86 (45 preoperative), median Tegner score was 6 (2 preoperative), average Lysholm score was 89 (53 preoperative), and average IKDC activity score was 3.3 out of 4 (1.5 preoperative). Two patients had positive postoperative Lachman tests (+1) with no positive pivot-shift tests. The average KT-2000 manual-maximum difference was 0.7 mm. Only 1 KT-2000 value was greater than 3 mm (4 mm). No adverse events were encountered during screw insertion and postoperative radiographs showed bone plug consolidation and tunnel obliteration with bone in-growth increasingly apparent at 2 and 3 years (significantly earlier than published reports using pure poly-L-lactide screws).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first clinical report of a poly-D(2%),L(98%)-lactide interference fixation screw. This copolymer is zinc catalyzed, instead of the conventional tin, making the polymer more hydrophilic. The "D" isomer speeds the degradation process. These screws worked well with no adverse events. Graft tunnel obliteration was observed at 2 and 3 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Level 4, no or historical control.
authors: Plano Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Center, Plano, Texas 75093, USA.
authors: F Alan
authors: FA
authors: Barber
mesh_terms: D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D001863:Bone Screws; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella / Q000601:surgery*; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000145:classification; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013710:Tendons / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)