Actin- and myosin-driven movement of viruses along filopodia precedes their entry into cells.
Viruses have often been observed in association with the dense microvilli of polarized epithelia as well as the filopodia of nonpolarized cells, yet whether interactions with these structures contribute to infection has remained unknown. Here we show that virus binding to filopodia induces a rapid and highly ordered lateral movement, "surfing" toward the cell body before cell entry. Virus cell surfing along filopodia is mediated by the underlying actin cytoskeleton and depends on functional myosin II. Any disruption of virus cell surfing significantly reduces viral infection. Our results reveal another example of viruses hijacking host machineries for efficient infection by using the inherent ability of filopodia to transport ligands to the cell body.
Lehmann
Maik J
MJ
Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA.
Sherer
Nathan M
NM
Marks
Carolyn B
CB
Pypaert
Marc
M
Mothes
Walther
W
D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001354:Avian Leukosis Virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002460:Cell Line; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology; D015638:Cytochalasin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D009052:Leukemia Virus, Murine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051379:Mice; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009218:Myosins / Q000502:physiology*; D011554:Pseudopodia / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure / Q000821:virology
D000199:Actins; D006576:Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings; C472645:blebbistatin; D015638:Cytochalasin D; D009218:Myosins