title: Antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of raloxifene on uterine leiomyomas in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the cell effects of raloxifene on uterine and leiomyoma tissue in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Italy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty postmenopausal women affected by uterine leiomyomas and selected for hysterectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment for three cycles of 28 days with raloxifene at a dose of 180 mg/day orally (raloxifene group) or placebo tablets (3 tablets/day orally) (placebo group).
  
  
  METHODS
  Uterine and leiomyoma dimensions were measured in each subject at entry and before surgery. On leiomyomas and homologous myometrium the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells/total cells (PCNA/TC) and the Bcl-2-positive cells/Bax-positive cells (Bcl-2/Bax) ratios (%), as proliferation and apoptotic indexes, respectively, were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After treatment, uterine and leiomyoma sizes were significantly changed in comparison with baseline and the placebo group. PCNA/TC and Bcl-2/Bax ratios were significantly higher in leiomyomas than in homologous myometrium. A significant difference was detected in PCNA/TC between the myometrium of the raloxifene and control groups, whereas no difference was observed in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. A significant difference in PCNA/TC and Bcl-2/Bax ratios was detected in leiomyoma tissue between the raloxifene group and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In postmenopausal women, raloxifene administration reduces uterine leiomyomas by exerting a cell antiproliferative and proapoptotic action.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. stefanopalomba@tin.it
authors: Stefano
authors: S
authors: Palomba
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Orio
authors: Tiziana
authors: T
authors: Russo
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: Falbo
authors: Achille
authors: A
authors: Tolino
authors: Gaetano
authors: G
authors: Lombardi
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Cimini
authors: Fulvio
authors: F
authors: Zullo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride