title: Comparison of vaginal and oral administration of emergency contraception.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the physiologic effects of vaginally and orally administered emergency contraception.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, open-label, crossover study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine regularly menstruating volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five subjects received 1,000 microg of levonorgestrel with 200 microg of ethinyl E2 (twice the standard Yuzpe regimen dose) vaginally, and the standard Yuzpe regimen dose orally 1 week later. Four subjects received 1,500 microg of levonorgestrel (twice the standard Plan B regimen dose) vaginally and received the standard Plan B dose orally 1 week later. Serum samples were obtained at baseline and at frequent intervals after each dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum gonadotropin, hepatic globulin, and androgen levels measured at baseline, at the time of peak levonorgestrel, and 24 hours later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gonadotropin, hepatic globulin, and androgen levels were suppressed to a similar degree among the four regimens, with a return to baseline levels after 24 hours.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that high doses of levonorgestrel found in emergency contraception regimens lead to a transient direct suppression of gonadotropin, hepatic globulin, and androgen levels. This effect is similar after vaginal and oral administration of emergency contraception. Therefore, the vaginal route of administration of emergency contraception regimens may be as efficacious as the oral route.
authors: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA. eliranmor@hotmail.com
authors: Eliran
authors: E
authors: Mor
authors: Peyman
authors: P
authors: Saadat
authors: Sari
authors: S
authors: Kives
authors: Emily
authors: E
authors: White
authors: Robert L
authors: RL
authors: Reid
authors: Richard J
authors: RJ
authors: Paulson
authors: Frank Z
authors: FZ
authors: Stanczyk
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003283:Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014621:Vagina / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D003283:Contraceptives, Postcoital, Synthetic; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel