title: Pedicle screw fixation enhances anterior lumbar interbody fusion with porous tantalum cages: an experimental study in pigs.
abstract: METHODS
  A porous tantalum implant (Hedrocel, Implex Corp., Allendale, NJ), designed to assist interbody lumbar fusion, was tested biologically in an experimental model. A total of 11 female Danish landrace pigs received 3 levels of anterior lumbar interbody fusion at L2-L3, L4-L5, and L6-L7. Each level was randomly assigned one of the procedures: (1) implantation of PT-ring with pedicle screw fixation (PSF), (2) implantation of a porous tantalum ring (PT-ring) stabilized anteriorly with staples, or (3) implantation of carbon fiber cage (CF-cage) stabilized anteriorly with 2 staples. Each implant was filled with autogenous iliac crest bone graft.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of PSF on the incorporation of autologous bone in a porous tantalum interbody device and to compare healing in PT-rings to that in CF-cages of autologous bone.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Despite the promising results that early clinical trials have shown, interbody fusion cage technology is still under debate because of uncertainties that include indications for surgery, criteria for fusion, material, cage design, cage subsidence, and the effect of immediate stabilization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pigs were euthanized 6 months after surgery. Fusion segments were evaluated by plain radiography, conventional radiograph tomography, and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fusion segments with PSF had significantly fewer radiolucencies than the other 2 levels (P = 0.002). Improved interface healing and fusion rate were observed in PT-rings when supplemented with PSF (P = 0.03). His tomorphometric results showed that the percentage of bone and bone marrow space in the center of a PT-ring was not significantly different from that of its adjacent vertebral body, but PSF increased bone marrow and decreased fibrous tissue formation in a tantalum cage. However, a CF-cage had higher bone volume and lower bone marrow space inside the cage compared with its adjacent vertebral body (P < 0.001). Fibrous tissue formation inside and around a CF-cage was more than that of a PT-ring (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interbody fusion using a PT-ring cage packed with autologous bone achieved higher interface healing and more reliable fusion when fixated with supplementary pedicle screws than did fixated anteriorly with 2 staples. A lesser amount of bone graft was required, and bone remodeling was enhanced in the PT-ring when compared to the CF-cage.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark. zxnong@hotmail.com
authors: Xuenong
authors: X
authors: Zou
authors: Haisheng
authors: H
authors: Li
authors: Xueren
authors: X
authors: Teng
authors: Qingyun
authors: Q
authors: Xue
authors: Niels
authors: N
authors: Egund
authors: Martin
authors: M
authors: Lind
authors: Cody
authors: C
authors: Bünger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001863:Bone Screws; D002244:Carbon; D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D015194:Diffusion Chambers, Culture; D005260:Female; D017102:Fracture Healing; D007085:Ilium / Q000637:transplantation; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000166:cytology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011859:Radiography; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013537:Sutures; D013635:Tantalum; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D000077482:Carbon Fiber; D013635:Tantalum; D002244:Carbon