title: A phase II study of celecoxib, gemcitabine, and cisplatin in advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pancreatic cancer is amongst the most chemoresistant malignancies. Expression of the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme plays a major role in tumor progression and resistance to therapy. A Phase II study was undertaken to determine the effect of gemcitabine by fixed-dose rate infusion (FDR), cisplatin and the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, on the 6-month survival rate in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The eligibility criteria included a pathologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. No prior gemcitabine therapy was allowed. Patients received a combination of gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) over 100 minutes, cisplatin 35 mg/m(2) I.V. on days 1 and 8, and celecoxib continuously at a daily dose of 800 mg. Cycles were repeated every 21 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-two patients with metastatic pancreas cancer were enrolled (median age, 59.5 years; M:F, 13:9). The median number of cycles was 2 per patient. The median survival time was 5.8 months (90% CI, 3.6-7.6 months). The probability of survival at 6 months was 46% (90% CI, 27-62%). The major toxicity was neutropenia with grade 3 or 4 toxicities seen in 65% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of celecoxib to gemcitabine (by FDR) and cisplatin did not appear to increase activity of the chemotherapy doublet in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Celecoxib alone may not be sufficient to sensitize pancreatic cancer to the effects of conventional cytotoxic therapy.
authors: Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA. elrayesb@karmanos.org
authors: Basil F
authors: BF
authors: El-Rayes
authors: Mark M
authors: MM
authors: Zalupski
authors: Anthony F
authors: AF
authors: Shields
authors: Ann Marie
authors: AM
authors: Ferris
authors: Ulka
authors: U
authors: Vaishampayan
authors: Lance K
authors: LK
authors: Heilbrun
authors: Raghu
authors: R
authors: Venkatramanamoorthy
authors: Volkan
authors: V
authors: Adsay
authors: Philip A
authors: PA
authors: Philip
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D010534:Peritoneal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000556:secondary; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000068579:Celecoxib; D002945:Cisplatin; D000093542:Gemcitabine