title: Less invasive determination of cardiac output from the arterial pressure by aortic diameter-calibrated pulse contour.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiac output by modelflow pulse contour method can be monitored quantitatively and continuously only after an initial calibration, to adapt the model to an individual patient. The modelflow method computes beat-to-beat cardiac output (COmf) from the radial artery pressure, by simulating a three-element model of aortic impedance with post-mortem data from human aortas.
  
  
  METHODS
  In our improved version of modelflow (COmfc) we adapted this model to a real time measure of the aortic cross-sectional area (CSA) of the descending aorta just above the diaphragm, measured by a new transoesophageal echo device (HemoSonic 100). COmf and COmfc were compared with thermodilution cardiac output (COtd) in 24 patients in the intensive care unit. Each thermodilution value was the mean of four measurements equally spread over the ventilatory cycle.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Least squares regression of COtd vs COmf gave y=1.09x[95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-1.22], R2=0.15, and of COtd vs COmfc resulted in y=1.02x(95% CI 0.96-1.08), R2=0.69. The limits of agreement of the un-calibrated COmf were -3.53 to 2.79, bias=0.37 litre min(-1) and of the diameter-calibrated method COmfc, -1.48 to 1.32, bias=-0.08 litre min(-1). The coefficient of variation for the difference between methods decreased from 28 (un-calibrated) to 12% after diameter-calibration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After diameter-calibration, the improved modelflow pulse contour method reliably estimates cardiac output without the need of a calibration with thermodilution, leading to a less invasive cardiac output monitoring method.
authors: Department of Intensive Care H4Q, Leiden University Medical Centre, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: J B
authors: JB
authors: de Vaal
authors: R B P
authors: RB
authors: de Wilde
authors: P C M
authors: PC
authors: van den Berg
authors: J J
authors: JJ
authors: Schreuder
authors: J R C
authors: JR
authors: Jansen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000886:Anthropometry; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002138:Calibration; D002302:Cardiac Output; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000502:physiology; D013815:Thermodilution / Q000379:methods