title: The first true obligately syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov., co-cultured with Methanospirillum hungatei, and emended description of the genus Pelotomaculum.
abstract: A Gram-positive, spore-forming, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium, Pelotomaculum schinkii sp. nov. strain HH(T), was isolated as a co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1(T) from anaerobic, freeze-dried granular sludge obtained from an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor treating sugar beet wastewater. The bacterium converted propionate to acetate in co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1(T) or Methanobacterium formicicum MF(NT), but not in co-culture with Methanobrevibacter arboriphilus AZ. The organism could not be cultured axenically with any of the substrates tested and therefore can be considered as a (the first) true anaerobic syntrophic bacterium. The bacterium contained two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, with 96.8% sequence similarity, which were both expressed during syntrophic growth on propionate as revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The most closely related organisms are Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus LR7.2(T), a bacterium that transforms phenol into benzoate, and Pelotomaculum thermopropionicum SI(T), a thermophilic, syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacterium. Other related species belong to the Gram-positive, sulfate-reducing genus Desulfotomaculum. The type strain of Pelotomaculum schinkii is strain HH(T) (=ATCC BAA-615(T)=DSM 15200(T)).
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Frank A M
authors: FAM
authors: de Bok
authors: Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Hermie J M
authors: HJM
authors: Harmsen
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Caroline M
authors: CM
authors: Plugge
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Maaike C
authors: MC
authors: de Vries
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Antoon D L
authors: ADL
authors: Akkermans
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Willem M
authors: WM
authors: de Vos
authors: Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Hesselink van Suchtelenweg 4, 6703 CT Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors: Alfons J M
authors: AJM
authors: Stams
mesh_terms: D000693:Anaerobiosis; D019149:Bioreactors; D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000032:analysis; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007220:Industrial Waste; D019639:Methanospirillum / Q000254:growth & development*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010459:Peptococcaceae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010641:Phenotype; D011422:Propionates / Q000378:metabolism*; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D007220:Industrial Waste; D011422:Propionates; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012722:Sewage