title: Youths and HIV/AIDS: psychiatry's role in a changing epidemic.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the past 10 years of published research on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the United States, including psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors, epidemiology, biology, neurocognitive and psychiatric sequelae, disclosure issues, prevention strategies, and biological and behavioral treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Researchers reviewed the English-language literature with a focus on child and adolescent risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS, prevention, and treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Substantial scientific advances have occurred over the past two decades leading to decreased morbidity and mortality in the United States from AIDS-related opportunistic infections. At the same time, rates of HIV infection are increasing in teenagers, young women, and minorities, and growing numbers of youths are living with an infected family member. Understanding HIV risk behavior requires a broad theoretical framework. Comprehensive HIV prevention programs have led to reduced risk behavior among HIV-affected youths and teens at risk of infection. Biological and behavioral treatments of HIV infection continue to evolve and have led to longer life span, improved quality of life, and fewer psychiatric problems.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV/AIDS has significant mental health implications, and psychiatry can play a critical role in curbing the epidemic. With minimal effort, mental health professionals can adapt and apply the strategies that they use to treat psychiatric symptoms to prevent HIV transmission behaviors.
authors: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA. gdonenberg@psych.uic.edu
authors: Geri R
authors: GR
authors: Donenberg
authors: Maryland
authors: M
authors: Pao
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D004813:Epidemiology / Q000639:trends; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010379:Peer Group; D014481:United States