title: Mechanism of the endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect of an alcohol-free extract obtained from a vinifera grape skin.
abstract: An alcohol-free grape-skin extract (GSE) obtained from skins of Vitis labrusca has significant anti-hypertensive, antioxidant and vasodilator effects. According to our previous results, the vasodilator effect of GSE in the isolated mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) of the rat is dependent on endothelium and partially dependent on nitric oxide (NO). In the MVB of the rat pre-contracted with norepinephrine (NE), bolus injections of GSE induced a long-lasting dose-dependent vasodilation that is significantly reduced after the treatment with 1H-[1,2,3] oxadiazolo [4,4-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). Additionally, in vessels pre-contracted with norepinephrine and depolarized with KCl (25 mM) or treated with Ca(2+)-dependent K(+)-channel blockers charybdotoxin (ChTx) plus apamin, the vasodilator effect of GSE was significantly reduced and almost abolished by ChTx plus apamin plus L-NAME. However, the vasodilator effect of GSE was unaffected by D-Arg[Hyp(3),Thi(5),D-Tic(7),Oic(8)]bradykinin (HOE-140), atropine, yohimbine, pyrilamine and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). The vasoconstriction response elicited by bolus injection of KCl was not affected by GSE, whereas the vasoconstrictor response induced by NE was dose-dependently and completed inhibited by GSE in the presence but not in the absence of endothelium. However, NE-induced vasoconstriction in calcium-free condition or without endothelium was not reduced by GSE. The present results demonstrate that GSE induces a vasodilator effect in the rat MVB, which is dependent on NO in combination with endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). Additionally, our results indicated that extracellular Ca(2+) has an important role on the endothelium-dependent vasodilator effect induced by GSE.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, IBRAG-CB State University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de setembro, 87, CEP 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors: Socorro Vanesca Frota
authors: SV
authors: Madeira
authors: Angela
authors: A
authors: de Castro Resende
authors: Dayane Teixeira
authors: DT
authors: Ognibene
authors: Marcelo Augusto Vieira
authors: MA
authors: de Sousa
authors: Roberto
authors: R
authors: Soares de Moura
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D000818:Animals; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D045462:Endothelium-Dependent Relaxing Factors; D010936:Plant Extracts; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D009638:Norepinephrine