title: Invasive tests for Helicobacter pylori in children.
abstract: One of the primary indications for upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in children is the presence of persistent and severe upper abdominal symptoms. Upper GI endoscopies are performed to allow the physician to confirm or rule out upper GI pathology. Additionally, upper GI endoscopies with mucosal biopsies are the gold standard for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and its complications in children. The gastric biopsies can be used for the rapid urease test, histological examination and bacterial culture to determine antibiotic sensitivity. DNA extracted in these biopsies can also be subjected to genotyping using molecular methods to determine the presence of H. pylori infection, antibiotic resistance mutations and H. pylori virulence factors.
authors: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. huynh@ualberta.ca
authors: Hien Q
authors: HQ
authors: Huynh
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy; D002648:Child; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D006801:Humans; D013272:Stomach Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D014774:Virulence