title: Clinical course of patients with chronic hepatitis B with viral breakthrough during long-term lamivudine treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the clinical course of patients with chronic hepatitis B who showed viral breakthrough during long-term lamivudine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We initially studied 141 patients treated with lamivudine for 1 year or more, and 49 patients who showed viral breakthrough were the subjects of this study. Their mean lamivudine administration period was 2.3 +/- 0.9 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After viral breakthrough, breakthrough hepatitis occurred in 47 patients (95.9%), but did not occur in the other 2 (4.1%). Four of the 47 patients with breakthrough hepatitis were observed without further treatment, and the alanine transferase (ALT) level was normalized in 2 of them but fluctuated in the other 2. Breakthrough hepatitis was treated by injection of glycyrrhizin or ursodeoxycholic acid administration in 36 of the remaining 43 patients, and by antiviral drug administration in the other 7 (entecavir in 2 patients, adefovir in 2, and interferon in 3). The ALT level was normalized in 5 of the 36 patients treated with glycyrrhizin or ursodeoxycholic acid, but persistently fluctuated in the other 31. In those with normalized ALT after the occurrence of breakthrough hepatitis, the peak ALT level at that point was significantly lower (86 +/- 47 IU/l) than that in the patients without normalization (206 +/- 167 IU/l).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results showed that there were a few patients who did not develop breakthrough hepatitis after showing viral breakthrough, and some who showed normalization of the ALT level after the occurrence of breakthrough hepatitis, but in many patients, ALT continuously fluctuated.
authors: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, 830-0011, Japan.
authors: Tatsuya
authors: T
authors: Ide
authors: Ryukichi
authors: R
authors: Kumashiro
authors: Reiichiro
authors: R
authors: Kuwahara
authors: Hiroyuki
authors: H
authors: Koga
authors: Yuriko
authors: Y
authors: Koga
authors: Teruko
authors: T
authors: Hino
authors: Kazuo
authors: K
authors: Tanaka
authors: Akiko
authors: A
authors: Hisamochi
authors: Kei
authors: K
authors: Ogata
authors: Michio
authors: M
authors: Sata
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000032:analysis; D006515:Hepatitis B virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019694:Hepatitis B, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D019259:Lamivudine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D019259:Lamivudine; D000410:Alanine Transaminase