title: [Clinical analysis of gastrointestinal bleeding after cardiac surgery].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the last 13 years, cases complicated with GI bleeding after cardiac surgeries were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourty-four GI bleeding occurred post-operatively in (6 +/- 3) d. The mortality was 23% (10/44). Thirty-eight were located in upper GI tract, of them 26 underwent conservative therapy while 4 died of other than GI bleeding cause; six underwent laparotomy while 1 and 3 died of septicemia and multi-organ failure respectively; six underwent gastric endoscopic hemostasis by electrocautery or clipping the bleeding vessel while all survived. Six were located in lower GI tract, and 2 of them underwent laparotomy without finding bleeding section and died of multi-organ failure. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, deaths were highly related to the post-operative ventilator-dependence, acute renal insufficiency, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assisting and laparotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The mortality of GI bleeding after cardiac surgeries is very high, early gastrointestinal endoscopic examination and minimally invasive intervention can treat this complication more effectively. GI bleeding must be prevented whenever complicating post-operative ventilator-dependence, acute renal insufficiency, and IABP assisting after cardiac surgery.
authors: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510100, China. guohuiming@163.net
authors: Hui-ming
authors: HM
authors: Guo
authors: Ruo-bin
authors: RB
authors: Wu
authors: Hong-wei
authors: HW
authors: Yang
authors: Shao-yi
authors: SY
authors: Zheng
authors: Rui-xin
authors: RX
authors: Fan
authors: Cong
authors: C
authors: Lu
authors: Jing-fang
authors: JF
authors: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects*; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors