title: VEGF inhibition and cytotoxic effect of aplidin in leukemia cell lines and cells from acute myeloid leukemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aplidine (APL) is a marine depsipeptide isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans that is under clinical phase II development. In contrast to the lack of bone marrow toxicity reported in phase I/II studies, it has been shown to induce cytotoxicity at very low concentration against lymphoblastic leukemia blast, as well as having an impact in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor 1 loop.
  
  
  METHODS
  To confirm these findings we investigated APL-related VEGF inhibition and its cytotoxic effect on myeloid leukemic cells lines (K-562, HEL and HL60) and fresh leukemia blasts derived from 30 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The conventional active 4-demetoxi-daunorubicin (idarubicin; IDA) was included as a positive control.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APL was found to be significantly (P<0.001) more active than IDA in obtaining 50% growth-inhibition in K-562, HEL and HL60 cell lines. Results obtained with AML blast cells were super imposible. ID(50) ranged from 0.024 to 0.610 microM for IDA (0.200+/-0.176) and from 0.001 to 0.108 microM for APL (0.020+/-0.031). Annexin V tests and cell cycle analysis performed on cell lines confirmed the stronger citotoxic capability of APL as apoptotic inducer and as a G(1) blocker. The inhibitory effects of APL on VEGF release and secretion have been confirmed by ELISA tests performed on HEL: the VEGF concentration in cell surnatant was reduced from 169 to 36 pg/ml after 24 h of exposure to a pharmacological concentration of APL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  APL harbors a strong in vitro antileukemic activity at a concentration achievable in patients at non-myelotoxic doses. Our data also support the notion of an impact on VEGF secretion. Clinical studies with this new marine-derived compound in relapsed/resistant leukemia are underway.
authors: U.O. Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliera Careggi, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Biscardi
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Caporale
authors: F
authors: F
authors: Balestri
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Gavazzi
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Jimeno
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Grossi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000473:pathology*; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D047630:Depsipeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C098980:plitidepsin