title: Enhanced transgene expression in urothelial cancer gene therapy with histone deacetylase inhibitor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efficient adenoviral infection requires the presence of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR). We determined whether the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228 (Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) increases the efficiency of adenoviral gene therapy in bladder cancer in vivo and in vitro.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytotoxicity studies were performed to determine a minimally cytotoxic FR901228 concentration for bladder cancer cells. The level of CAR expression was determined by fluorescence activated cell scanning and/or reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis in FR901228 treated bladder cell lines. The in vivo effect on adenoviral gene expression was investigated in athymic mice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentration of FR901228 showing no or minimal cytotoxicity that was selected for these studies was 0.5 ng/ml for bladder cancer cells. Treatment of cancer cells with 0.5 ng/ml histone deacetylase inhibitor increased CAR RNA levels and acetylated histone H3. This increase was associated with a 5 to 10-fold increase in adenoviral infection, as evidenced by increased transgene expression from a beta-galactosidase containing adenoviral vector. Intravenous administration of FR901228 enhanced CAR expression in athymic mice. The combination of p53 adenovirus and histone deacetylase inhibitor resulted in significant tumor inhibition in vitro and in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nontoxic doses of the histone deacetylase inhibitor FR901228 increased CAR RNA levels and resulted in the marked enhancement of transgene expression after adenoviral infections. FR901228 pretreatment may increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to adenoviral gene therapy vectors.
authors: Department of Urology, University of Kyorin, Tokyo, Japan. toke@kyorin-u.ac.jp
authors: Takatsugu
authors: T
authors: Okegawa
authors: Kikuo
authors: K
authors: Nutahara
authors: Rey-Chen
authors: RC
authors: Pong
authors: Eiji
authors: E
authors: Higashihara
authors: Jer-Tsong
authors: JT
authors: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D047630:Depsipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D019076:Transgenes / Q000502:physiology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D047630:Depsipeptides; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C087123:romidepsin