title: Analysis of cell cycle regulator proteins in encapsulated thymomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although survival of encapsulated thymomas is usually good, some patients present a higher incidence rate of recurrence and a shorter long-term survival. Abnormalities in the components of cell cycle checkpoints are extremely common among virtually all neoplasms. In this study, three components of the cell cycle machinery (i.e., p21, p27 and p53) were examined in a series of well-characterized encapsulated thymoma specimens to analyze coregulation and influence on recurrence and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight consecutive patients with thymoma were operated in our center from 1987 to 2000. Expression of p53, p21, and p27 was studied in specimens from 25 encapsulated thymomas using immunohistochemistry. Generic factors and gene expression influencing the probability of recurrence were studied. Positive expression was dichotomized defining positive when present in more than 5% of tumor cells. Mean follow up was 85.9 months; clinical data about recurrence were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Univariate analysis suggests that positive p53 (P < 0.05), negative p21 (P = 0.01), and especially negative p27 expressions (P = 0.001) significantly correlate with poor prognosis for disease-free survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis suggests that negative p27 immunohistology is the only significant variable for poor prognosis (P = 0.03; odds ratio, 0.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.88).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results show that loss of control of cell cycle checkpoints is a common occurrence in thymomas and support the idea that functional cooperation between different cell cycle inhibitor proteins constitutes another level of regulation in cell growth control and tumor suppression.
authors: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy. alfonsobaldi@tiscali.it
authors: Alfonso
authors: A
authors: Baldi
authors: Vincenzo
authors: V
authors: Ambrogi
authors: Davide
authors: D
authors: Mineo
authors: Pasquale
authors: P
authors: Mellone
authors: Mara
authors: M
authors: Campioni
authors: Gennaro
authors: G
authors: Citro
authors: Tommaso Claudio
authors: TC
authors: Mineo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics*; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013945:Thymoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27