title: Psychosocial needs of boys in secure care for serious or persistent offending.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mental health of child offenders who are detained in secure settings is a matter of great public and professional concern but there has been little systematic longitudinal research on the outcomes of these problems once the young person has returned to the community. The aims of the present study were to describe the psychosocial outcomes of boys in secure care and to establish if these outcomes were correlated with criminal outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 97 boys whose average age was 14 years when they were admitted to secure units in the North West of England. The boys were followed up on average 2 years later, when outcome data were obtained on 81/97 (83%) cases. The main outcome measure was a standardised assessment of mental health, social and educational needs obtained by interview with the young person and corroborated in most cases by information from informants. All data were then reviewed by experienced clinicians who made best-estimate ratings of need 'blind' to the findings from the first phase of the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average number of needs requiring an intervention at follow-up (mean=3.4, sd=3.0) was much lower than before admission to secure care (mean=8.2, sd=2.5) (mean difference 4.9 needs, 95% CI 4.0 to 5.7). Educational and occupational needs were particularly well dealt with. However, many mental health problems persisted or worsened. For example, 31% had a need for treatment of substance abuse, a significant increase compared with when they were in secure care (percentage difference 21%, 95% CL 9.0% to 32.7%). No mental disorder predicted subsequent offending.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Boys who have been in secure care continue to have a high rate of mental health problems. The mental health needs of this group are not, however, static but change over time and with changing circumstances. Services need to be designed to meet these changing needs.
authors: University of Manchester and Central Manchester and Manchester Children's Hospitals, Manchester, UK.
authors: R C
authors: RC
authors: Harrington
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Kroll
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Rothwell
authors: K
authors: K
authors: McCarthy
authors: D
authors: D
authors: Bradley
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Bailey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005555:Forensic Psychiatry / Q000379:methods*; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008605:Mental Health Services; D011330:Prisons; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011584:Psychology; D012008:Recurrence; D012720:Severity of Illness Index