title: Alcohol abuse and dependence criteria as predictors of a chronic course of alcohol use disorders in the general population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether DSM-IV abuse and dependence criteria and the ICD-10 criterion for craving differentially predict a chronic course of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were derived from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study, a large representative sample of the general Dutch population with a baseline and a 1- and 3-year follow-up assessment. In the present study, a cohort of subjects with a DSM-IV AUD diagnosis at baseline was followed (n = 382). Diagnostic criteria of AUD according to DSM-IV and ICD-10 were assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In our cohort of subjects with an AUD diagnosis at baseline, the presence of all dependence criteria, except tolerance, significantly increased the risk for dependence at 1 and 3 years follow-up. Abuse criteria displayed much lower and often non-significant risks for dependence at follow-up, with the exception of the criterion 'legal problems'. The ICD-10 criterion 'craving' had the highest relative risk (RR) of all criteria for dependence at 1 year (RR = 12.4, 95% CI = 5.5-27.8) and 3 years follow-up (RR = 12.9, 95% CI = 4.4-37.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the exception of tolerance, all DSM-IV dependence criteria are useful in predicting the course of AUD in the general population.
authors: University Medical Centre, Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.debruijn-2@psych.azu.nl
authors: Carla
authors: C
authors: de Bruijn
authors: Wim
authors: W
authors: van den Brink
authors: Ron
authors: R
authors: de Graaf
authors: Wilma A M
authors: WA
authors: Vollebergh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D004328:Drive; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009426:Netherlands; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol