title: Clinical restenosis after coronary stent implantation is associated with the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter polymorphism and the heme oxygenase-1 +99G/C variant.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vascular remodeling after percutaneous coronary stent implantation frequently leads to restenosis. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is involved in the generation of the endogenous antioxidant bilirubin and carbon monoxide, both of which exert antiinflammatory and antiproliferative effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of genetic risk factors combined with the conventional risk factors on the development of coronary restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The HO-1 gene GT dinucleotide repeat promoter polymorphism and HO-1 +99G/C variant were evaluated in 199 patients with coronary artery disease after coronary stent implantation and control angiography at 6 months after the intervention. Coronary restenosis was confirmed by quantitative angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Carriers of the long allele of the HO-1 gene promoter (>29 repeats) had a significantly higher risk of developing restenosis after PCI than noncarriers [odds ratio (OR)=1.9; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.0-3.4; P=0.04]. Interestingly, the allele longer than 29 repeats conferred a significantly higher risk of developing restenosis (OR=3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-9.1; P=0.017) in nonsmokers than in smokers (OR=2.0; 95% CI, 0.7-5.2; P=0.18).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The long allele of the HO-1 gene promoter (>29 repeats) polymorphism, which leads to low HO-1 inducibility, may represent an independent prognostic marker for restenosis after PCI and stent implantation. The effect of the >29 repeat allele is attenuated in smokers, who have chronic exogenous CO exposure.
authors: Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors: Talin
authors: T
authors: Gulesserian
authors: Catharina
authors: C
authors: Wenzel
authors: Georg
authors: G
authors: Endler
authors: Raute
authors: R
authors: Sunder-Plassmann
authors: Claudia
authors: C
authors: Marsik
authors: Christine
authors: C
authors: Mannhalter
authors: Nelly
authors: N
authors: Iordanova
authors: Mariann
authors: M
authors: Gyöngyösi
authors: Johann
authors: J
authors: Wojta
authors: Stefan
authors: S
authors: Mustafa
authors: Oswald
authors: O
authors: Wagner
authors: Kurt
authors: K
authors: Huber
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000009:adverse effects; D023903:Coronary Restenosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) / Q000235:genetics*; D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C496541:HMOX1 protein, human; D006419:Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing); D051547:Heme Oxygenase-1