title: Establishment of a reference formulation for bioequivalence assessment of rifampicin-containing FDCs: an essential step towards improving tuberculosis treatment.
abstract: METHODS
  Selection of a reference product for bioequivalence studies of rifampicin (RMP) in prequalifying fixed-dose combinations (FDC) for worldwide distribution through the WHO is critical.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the feasibility of establishing FDC formulations as reference products for bioequivalence studies of RMP in prequalification programmes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A biostudy was conducted as an open, two-period randomised cross-over trial. Two three-drug FDCs containing RMP, isoniazid and ethambutol hydrochloride were administered to a group of 22 volunteers with a wash-out period of 1 week. Plasma samples were collected and analysed for the concentration of RMP and desacetyl-RMP, a major active metabolite of RMP, up to 24 h. Pharmacokinetic parameters of RMP were calculated: Cmax, AUC0-24, Tmax, kel and absorption efficiencies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant difference was observed between the administered formulations with respect to the major pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax and AUC0-24 when evaluated by parametric (two-way ANOVA) and non-parametric (Hauschke's analysis) statistical analysis. The concentration of RMP falls within the reported acceptable therapeutic range.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDCs can be developed as a reference product for bioequivalence studies.
authors: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India.
authors: Y
authors: Y
authors: Ashokraj
authors: I
authors: I
authors: Singh
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Kaur
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Kohli
authors: S R
authors: SR
authors: Bhade
authors: M V S
authors: MV
authors: Varma
authors: C L
authors: CL
authors: Kaul
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Panchagnula
mesh_terms: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007538:Isoniazid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000904:Antibiotics, Antitubercular; D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004977:Ethambutol; D007538:Isoniazid; D012293:Rifampin