title: CD14+CD34low cells with stem cell phenotypic and functional features are the major source of circulating endothelial progenitors.
abstract: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) seem to be a promising tool for cell therapy of acute myocardial infarction, but their nature is still unclear. We show here that EPCs obtainable from peripheral blood (PB) derive from the adhesion-related selection in culture of a subset of CD14+ cells, which, when assessed by the highly-sensitive antibody-conjugated magnetofluorescent liposomes (ACMFL) technique, were found to express CD34. These CD14+CD34low cells represented a variable proportion at individual level of CD14+ cells, ranging from 0.6% to 8.5% of all peripheral-blood leukocytes, and constituted the dominant population among circulating KDR+ cells. By using the ACMFL technique, virtually all CD14+ cells present in the bone marrow were found to be CD14+CD34low double-positive cells. EPCs, as well as purified circulating CD14+CD34low cells, exhibited high expression of embryonic stem cell (SC) markers Nanog and Oct-4, which were downregulated in a STAT3-independent manner when they differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs). Moreover, circulating CD14+CD34low cells, but not CD14+CD34- cells, proliferated in response to SC growth factors, and exhibited clonogenicity and multipotency, as shown by their ability to differentiate not only into ECs, but also into osteoblasts, adipocytes, or neural cells. The results of this study may reconcile apparently contradictory data of the literature, showing the generation of PB-derived EPCs from either CD34+ or CD14+ cells. We suggest that the use of this previously unrecognized population of circulating CD14+CD34low cells, which exhibit both phenotypic and functional features of SCs, may be useful in improving cell-based therapies of vascular and tissue damage.
authors: Center for Research, Transfer and High Education DENOTHE, University of Florence, Italy.
authors: Paola
authors: P
authors: Romagnani
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Annunziato
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Liotta
authors: Elena
authors: E
authors: Lazzeri
authors: Benedetta
authors: B
authors: Mazzinghi
authors: Francesca
authors: F
authors: Frosali
authors: Lorenzo
authors: L
authors: Cosmi
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Maggi
authors: Laura
authors: L
authors: Lasagni
authors: Alexander
authors: A
authors: Scheffold
authors: Manuela
authors: M
authors: Kruger
authors: Stefanie
authors: S
authors: Dimmeler
authors: Fabio
authors: F
authors: Marra
authors: Gianfranco
authors: G
authors: Gensini
authors: Enrico
authors: E
authors: Maggi
authors: Sergio
authors: S
authors: Romagnani
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000502:physiology; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000032:analysis*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; D010641:Phenotype; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C494199:IL6ST protein, human; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D050814:Octamer Transcription Factor-3; C494173:POU5F1 protein, human; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D050822:Cytokine Receptor gp130