title: [MR angiography and determination of the flow reserve after minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) surgery of the left internal mammary artery in comparison to multirow CT].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate graft patency, flow and flow reserve in patients with minimal invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) of internal mammary artery (IMA) grafts using a combined MR protocol with phase-contrast technique and MR angiography.
  
  
  METHODS
  At a 1.5T Magnetom Sonata (SIEMENS), 19 symptomatic (angina CCS I-III, intermittent thoracic discomfort, scar disorders) patients (59.9 +/- 7.9 years old) with 19 left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts implanted in minimal invasive technique were examined 6.9 +/- 1.5 years post surgery. Contrast enhanced MR angiography (TR 2.5 ms, TE 1 ms, flip angle 20 (o), spatial resolution 1.4 x 0.9 x 1.0 mm(3), breath hold technique, no ECG-triggering, 25 ml Gd-DTPA) was performed to assess bypass patency. Phase-contrast flow measurements with retrospective gating (TR 41 msec, TE 3.2 msec, flip angle 30 degrees , spatial resolution 1.1 x 1.1 x 5 mm(3), temporal resolution 42 msec, venc 90 cm/sec) were applied in the IMA grafts at rest and after stress induction with dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg/BW). For comparison, graft patency was evaluated by multidetector-row computed tomography (16-row CT). In 9 patients a selective catheter angiography was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MIDCAB grafts were occluded in 4/19 patients. In 4 patients the anastomosis to LAD was highly stenotic (> 70 %) at MDCT (2 experienced investigators in consensus reading). In MRA 9 grafts could be delineated completely including the distal anastomosis to LAD (47 %). In 9 patients the distal part could not be evaluated. In patients with patent grafts (MDCT), a significant improvement of graft flow (at rest 75.4 +/- 33.3 ml/min; after stress 202.7 +/- 49.6; P < 0.002) and flow reserve (patent grafts 3.0 +/- 1.1; stenotic grafts 1.5 +/- 0.2, P < 0.02; occluded grafts 0.9 +/- 0.2, P < 0.01) after stress induction was detected. Diastolic-to-systolic peak velocity ratios (D/S-PVR) at baseline were not significant between patent and stenotic grafts. Mean flow at baseline and after stress induction and flow reserve show a high sensitivity (91/92 /83 %) and specificity (86 /100/83 %) for detection of graft stenosis. MR angiography combined with flow reserve measurements could distinguish between occluded/stenotic and patent grafts in all MIDCAB grafts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging allows combined assessment of bypass patency and flow with flow reserve in patients after MIDCAB. The protocol of this study is applicable for the evaluation of graft patency in patients after revascularization.
authors: Abteilung Radiologische Diagnostik, Universitätsklinik Tübingen. norbert.stauder@med.uni-tuebingen.de
authors: N I
authors: NI
authors: Stauder
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Stauder
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fenchel
authors: A
authors: A
authors: Küttner
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Kramer
authors: A M
authors: AM
authors: Scheule
authors: C D
authors: CD
authors: Claussen
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Miller
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome