title: Abnormal distribution of red/green cone opsins in a patient with an autosomal dominant cone dystrophy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To define the distribution of the red/green and blue opsins in cones from donor eyes from an affected member of a clinically well-characterized family with an autosomal dominant form of cone dystrophy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue was fixed and processed for immunohistochemistry. Cryosections were studied by indirect immunofluorescence, using well-characterized antibodies to cone cytoplasm, rhodopsin, and cone opsins. The cone-associated matrix was also labeled with the lectin PNA. The affected donor eyes were compared to a postmortem matched normal eye.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Electroretinogram (ERG) testing three years prior to the affected member's death showed normal rod function, while the cone b-wave amplitude was reduced 40% below the lower limit of normal. Fundus exam showed only isolated drusen within the macula. Either a normal-appearing or only nonspecific macular findings were noted in the other affected family members who were examined. Immunofluorescence studies showed that blue cone opsin was restricted to the outer segments of blue cones in the affected retina. Red/green opsins were distributed along the entire plasma membrane of these cone types, from the tip of the outer segment to the synaptic base. Cone-associated matrix displayed a heterogeneous distribution. These patterns were observed both in the macula and in the periphery of the affected retina. Cone pedicles appeared larger than normal. In contrast, rhodopsin staining appeared normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The immunocytochemical data obtained suggest that the clinical manifestation of this dystrophy is associated with an abnormal distribution of cone red/green opsins. Additionally, changes in the cone pedicles could have contributed to the abnormal cone ERG in this patient.
authors: Cole Eye Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue i31, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. bonilhav@ccf.org
authors: Vera L
authors: VL
authors: Bonilha
authors: Joe G
authors: JG
authors: Hollyfield
authors: Sandeep
authors: S
authors: Grover
authors: Gerald A
authors: GA
authors: Fishman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005799:Genes, Dominant / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012243:Rhodopsin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017299:Rod Opsins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017299:Rod Opsins; C095855:long-wavelength opsin; C095854:middle-wavelength opsin; D012243:Rhodopsin