title: Importance of subsyndromal symptoms of depression in elderly patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a debate about the importance of subsyndromal symptoms of depression (SSD). The current study examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal significance of SSD in geriatric subjects both with and without a past history of major depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  Elderly primary-care subjects with SSD, both with (SSD+; N=54) and without (SSD-; N=204) a history of major depression, were compared with subjects with major depression (MDD; N=111), minor depression (MinD; N=74), and symptom-free comparison subjects (N=59). Assessment domains included physical and psychological disability, health-care utilization, hopelessness, death and suicidal ideation, and a diagnostic evaluation at a 3-month follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both subjects with SSD+ and SSD- differed from the symptom-free comparison subjects on measures of psychological disability, hopelessness, and death ideation, with SSD+ subjects being more severely psychologically disabled than SSD- subjects. There were few differences between SSD+ and MinD subjects or those with MDD, except on measures of psychological disability. Finally, more than 24% of SSD+ subjects progressed to meet criteria of MDD, MinD, or dysthymia over a 3-month period. Utilization of outpatient services did not differ among any of the depression groups or comparison subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SSD (with or without a past history of MDD) is associated with significant disability. Moreover, the risk of developing a diagnosis of MDD, MinD, or dysthymia is substantially elevated in subjects with a past history of MDD.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
authors: Mohit P
authors: MP
authors: Chopra
authors: Cynthia
authors: C
authors: Zubritsky
authors: Kathryn
authors: K
authors: Knott
authors: Thomas Ten
authors: TT
authors: Have
authors: Trevor
authors: T
authors: Hadley
authors: James C
authors: JC
authors: Coyne
authors: David W
authors: DW
authors: Oslin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019263:Dysthymic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care; D012720:Severity of Illness Index