title: EphrinB2 is the entry receptor for Nipah virus, an emergent deadly paramyxovirus.
abstract: Nipah virus (NiV) is an emergent paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in up to 70 percent of infected patients, and there is evidence of human-to-human transmission. Endothelial syncytia, comprised of multinucleated giant-endothelial cells, are frequently found in NiV infections, and are mediated by the fusion (F) and attachment (G) envelope glycoproteins. Identification of the receptor for this virus will shed light on the pathobiology of NiV infection, and spur the rational development of effective therapeutics. Here we report that ephrinB2, the membrane-bound ligand for the EphB class of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), specifically binds to the attachment (G) glycoprotein of NiV. Soluble Fc-fusion proteins of ephrinB2, but not ephrinB1, effectively block NiV fusion and entry into permissive cell types. Moreover, transfection of ephrinB2 into non-permissive cells renders them permissive for NiV fusion and entry. EphrinB2 is expressed on endothelial cells and neurons, which is consistent with the known cellular tropism for NiV. Significantly, we find that NiV-envelope-mediated infection of microvascular endothelial cells and primary cortical rat neurons is inhibited by soluble ephrinB2, but not by the related ephrinB1 protein. Cumulatively, our data show that ephrinB2 is a functional receptor for NiV.
authors: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
authors: Oscar A
authors: OA
authors: Negrete
authors: Ernest L
authors: EL
authors: Levroney
authors: Hector C
authors: HC
authors: Aguilar
authors: Andrea
authors: A
authors: Bertolotti-Ciarlet
authors: Ronen
authors: R
authors: Nazarian
authors: Sara
authors: S
authors: Tajyar
authors: Benhur
authors: B
authors: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D036388:Ephrin-B2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008561:Membrane Fusion; D008970:Molecular Weight; D045405:Nipah Virus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000472:pathogenicity* / Q000502:physiology; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012995:Solubility; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D036388:Ephrin-B2; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011991:Receptors, Virus; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins