title: Specific immune responses in workers exposed to benzene.
abstract: The aim of this study was to elaborate a method for detection of specific IgG antibodies (Abs) to the haptenes p-benzoquinone (p-BQ) and hydroquinone (HQ) for assessment of specific humoral immune responses. Plasma and urine, collected from petrochemical plant workers have been analyzed. The workers were divided into three professional groups in ascending order of benzene exposure. The concentration of benzene in the air was determined by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometry and trans,trans-muconic acid (biomarker of benzene exposure) in urine-by liquid chromatography with UV-detection. Specific IgG Abs to haptenes p-BQ and HQ in plasma were determined with newly developed ELISA. The relationships "exposure-effect," revealed increased levels of specific IgG to haptens correlating with the benzene exposure. The "exposure-response" relationships demonstrated that workers with value of OD over X+2SD were 62% low exposure group, 68% in group with level of exposure on Threshold Limit Value (TLV) and 91% in the highest exposure group. The data obtained show that there is a good correlation between antibody production and the biomarker of exposure t,t-muconic acid.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The newly developed method is applicable for assessment of specific humoral immune responses in workers exposed to benzene. There was a good correlation between benzene exposure and formation of antibodies against benzene metabolites.
authors: National Center of Public Health Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria.
authors: Nelia D
authors: ND
authors: Dimitrova
authors: Ralitsa Y
authors: RY
authors: Kostadinova
authors: Snejina N
authors: SN
authors: Marinova
authors: Todor A
authors: TA
authors: Popov
authors: Teodor I
authors: TI
authors: Panev
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001554:Benzene / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016227:Benzoquinones / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D013011:Sorbic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D016227:Benzoquinones; D015415:Biomarkers; D006873:Hydroquinones; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; C005939:muconic acid; C004532:quinone; D001554:Benzene; D013011:Sorbic Acid; C031927:hydroquinone