title: Mucosal alloimmunization elicits T-cell proliferation, CC chemokines, CCR5 antibodies and inhibition of simian immunodeficiency virus infectivity.
abstract: The hypothesis was tested that mucosal stimulation with unmatched mononuclear cells would induce systemic alloimmune responses. Rectal or vaginal mucosal administration of 10(4)-10(7) unmatched mononuclear cells induced significant dose-dependent T-cell proliferation stimulated by the allogeneic cells in rhesus macaques. This was associated with a significant upregulation of CD8(+) T-cell-derived suppressor factor, as well as the CC chemokines CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5. In addition, there was a dose-dependent increase in antibodies to CCR5. These responses were associated with decreased in vitro simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infectivity of CD4(+) T cells. A further investigation of SIV infectivity of CD4(+) T cells separated from multiparous macaques also showed significant inhibition compared with male macaques. It is suggested that vaginal or rectal exposure to allogeneic stimulation by a partner's HLA antigens in seminal fluid, as occurs during sexual intercourse, or immunization by semi-allogeneic fetuses in multiparous females may elicit protection against SIV or human immunodeficiency virus infection.
authors: Mucosal Immunology Unit, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors: Lesley A
authors: LA
authors: Bergmeier
authors: Mucosal Immunology Unit, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors: Kaboutar
authors: K
authors: Babaahmady
authors: Mucosal Immunology Unit, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors: Yufei
authors: Y
authors: Wang
authors: Mucosal Immunology Unit, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' Hospital Medical and Dental Schools, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
authors: Thomas
authors: T
authors: Lehner
mesh_terms: D000282:Administration, Intravaginal; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000097:blood*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000821:virology*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D007519:Isoantigens / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D007519:Isoantigens; D019713:Receptors, CCR5