title: Keratoconjunctival effects of diabetes mellitus in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare Schirmer tear test (STT) values, corneal sensitivity, tear film break up times (TFBUTs), and tear glucose concentrations in relation to conjunctival microflora, and conjunctival cytologic and histologic findings among diabetic cataractous, nondiabetic cataractous, and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Procedures Fifteen dogs in each category underwent neuro-ophthalmic examination; aerobic, anaerobic and fungal conjunctival cultures; assessment of corneal touch threshold (CTT), STT, tear glucose, TFBUT; and conjunctival cytology and histology (in certain cases only). Degree of cataract and uveitis were critically graded. Glycemic control was estimated using serum fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  STT values were significantly lower in diabetic cataractous than nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. CTT of diabetic cataractous dogs was significantly lower than that of nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Mean TFBUTs were significantly less in diabetic cataractous dogs than nondiabetic cataractous and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Tear glucose concentrations were significantly higher in diabetic cataractous dogs than nondiabetic cataractous and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs. Conjunctival microbial isolates did not differ among groups. There were no significant differences in degree of cataract or uveitis between diabetic cataractous and nondiabetic cataractous groups. There was mild submucosal inflammatory infiltrate in conjunctival specimens from diabetic dogs. Conjunctival epithelial dysplasia and/or squamous metaplasia was/were detected in conjunctival biopsies of 5/7 diabetic dogs. Reductions in conjunctival goblet cell (GC) densities were noted in 4/7 diabetic dogs; there were no significant differences in mean GC densities among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetic cataractous dogs have significantly altered keratoconjunctival characteristics compared to nondiabetic cataractous and nondiabetic noncataractous dogs.
authors: Department of Companion Animals, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada C1A 4P3. clcullen@upei.ca
authors: Cheryl L
authors: CL
authors: Cullen
authors: Sherri L
authors: SL
authors: Ihle
authors: Aubrey A
authors: AA
authors: Webb
authors: Carole
authors: C
authors: McCarville
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000382:microbiology; D003316:Corneal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D020397:Goblet Cells / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005947:Glucose