The anti-proliferative inhibition of ellipticine in human breast mda-mb-231 cancer cells is through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.
Ellipticine, a cytotoxic plant alkaloid, is known to inhibit topoisomerase II. Here we report the mechanism of apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest by ellipticine in human breast MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Ellipticine treatment arrested MDA-MB-231 cells at the G2/M phase after 6 h of treatment. This effect was strongly associated with a concomitant decrease in the level of cyclin B1, Cdc25 and Cdc2, and increase in phospho-Cdc2 (Tyr15). In addition, ellipticine also induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, as determined by using both DNA fragmentation and Annexin-V staining assay. Ellipticine increased the expression of Bax, but decreased the level of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), and subsequently triggered the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-9 and -3). In addition, pre-treatment of cells with caspase-9 inhibitor inhibited ellipticine-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis, indicating that caspase-9 activation was involved in MDA-MB-231 cell apoptosis induced by ellipticine. Taken together, our study suggests that the inhibition of cell cycle progression signaling and initiation of the mitochondrial apoptotic system may participate in the anti-proliferative activity of ellipticine in MDA-MB-231 cells.
Kuo
Po-Lin
PL
Department of Biotechnology, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
Hsu
Ya-Ling
YL
Kuo
Yu-Chun
YC
Chang
Cheng-Hsiung
CH
Lin
Chun-Ching
CC
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004611:Ellipticines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004611:Ellipticines; C034192:ellipticine