title: Thyroid gland invasion in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the rate of thyroid gland invasion and the need for thyroidectomy in advanced laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas that require total laryngectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2001, 129 total laryngectomy with ipsilateral hemithyroidectomy and 14 total laryngopharyngectomy with total thyroidectomy operations were performed for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx. In the surgical specimens of the patients, the presence of tumor invasion to the thyroid cartilage and thyroid gland was evaluated retrospectively by light microscopic examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the laryngeal carcinoma patients had thyroid gland invasion whereas eight (57%) hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients had thyroid gland invasion. Twenty patients (16%) had evidence for thyroid cartilage invasion in the laryngeal carcinoma group. There were only three cases (21%) with thyroid cartilage invasion in the hypopharyngeal carcinoma patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may be no need for performing thyroidectomy in all total laryngectomy cases. We recommend thyroidectomy during total laryngectomy in laryngeal carcinoma cases with subglottic extension and advanced hypopharyngeal tumors. Except for these two conditions, the assessment of extralaryngeal extension and thyroid gland invasion will guide whether thyroidectomy should be performed or not.
authors: Department of Otolaryngology, Medicine Faculty of Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. aceylan@gazi.edu.tr
authors: Alper
authors: A
authors: Ceylan
authors: Ahmet
authors: A
authors: Köybaşioğlu
authors: Metin
authors: M
authors: Yilmaz
authors: Sabri
authors: S
authors: Uslu
authors: Korhan
authors: K
authors: Asal
authors: Erdoğan
authors: E
authors: Inal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007825:Laryngectomy; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology