title: Long-term functional evaluation of diaphragmatic motility after repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A few studies have taken into account the diaphragmatic function in patients successfully treated for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Monodimensional sonography has been reported to be useful in assessing the diaphragmatic motility. Aim of the present study was to investigate, in a long-term follow-up, the diaphragmatic function after CDH repair.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients, with a mean age of 16 (5-26) years, were enrolled. All had had a left diaphragmatic hernia repaired, but no one received a patch. Ten subjects of matched age were used as controls. The diaphragmatic excursions appear, at M-mode sonography, as a sinusoid; the amplitude of the curve on the vertical axis measured the movement in centimeters. Chest x-ray and spirometry were also performed in CDH patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A reduced diaphragmatic motility on the left (treated) side was recorded. The amplitude of the contraction was significantly reduced when compared with the contralateral side (1.19 +/- 0.2 vs 2.33 +/- 0.9 cm; P = .017) and was also significantly reduced in comparison with the motion of the left side of controls (1.19 +/- 0.2 vs 1.83 +/- 0.4 cm; P = .01). There was no difference in the amplitude of contraction between the left and right sides of control patients and between the right side of CDH patients and the controls. Spirometry was normal in all patients but one, who had a slight reduction of ventilation on the left side.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  M-mode sonography appears as a very useful tool in quantitative evaluation of diaphragmatic movements and should be extensively used during follow-up of patients after CDH repair. Motility of the repaired diaphragmatic is reduced, even after a long period, but this does not affect the respiratory function in patients who survived CDH repair.
authors: Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatric Sciences, University of Messina, Italy. arenafranco@tiscalinet.it
authors: Francesco
authors: F
authors: Arena
authors: Carmelo
authors: C
authors: Romeo
authors: Maria Pia
authors: MP
authors: Calabrò
authors: Pietro
authors: P
authors: Antonuccio
authors: Salvatore
authors: S
authors: Arena
authors: Giuseppe
authors: G
authors: Romeo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006548:Hernia, Diaphragmatic / Q000601:surgery*; D065630:Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement; D013147:Spirometry; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography