title: An evaluation of the quality of root fillings in mandibular incisors and maxillary and mandibular canines using different methodologies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the quality of root fillings in mandibular incisors and maxillary and mandibular canines using different methodologies of evaluation, namely radiographs, the fluid transport test and the percentage of gutta-percha (PGP), and to determine if a correlation occurs between the results of the different methodologies used.
  
  
  METHODS
  One group of mandibular incisors with oval canals (n=20) and one group of maxillary and mandibular canines (n=20) were instrumented and obturated by cold lateral compaction using AH 26 as the sealer. The filled roots were bucco-lingually and mesio-distally radiographed. Using a scoring system, the quality of each root filling was radiographically evaluated, the higher the score the poorer the quality. Fluid transport along the root filling was then measured using a fluid transportation device. Each root was horizontally sectioned 4 and 6mm from the apex. Images of the cross-sections were taken, using a microscope and a digital camera. Images were scanned into a PC as TIFF images. Using a KS 100 Imaging system the canal area and the gutta-percha filled areas were measured. The percentage of gutta-percha filled areas was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Considering the radiographic scores of the two different projections together the score was significantly higher for the mandibular incisors than for the canines (P=0.039). The radiographic score was significantly higher for the mesio-distal radiograph in comparison with the bucco-lingual radiograph (P=0.0001), for the canines as well as the incisors. Using only the bucco-lingual radiograph there was no significant difference between the mandibular incisors and the canines (P=0.992). The mandibular incisors displayed significantly more fluid transport than the canines (P=0.049). A significantly greater percentage of gutta-percha filled areas was found in the cross-sections of canines as compared to the cross-sections of mandibular incisors (P=0.000001). The correlation between the radiographic score of the mesio-distal radiograph and the PGP 4 and 6mm was significant (P=0.013). There was no significant correlation between the FT and the radiograph or the FT and the PGP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The quality of the root fillings in oval canal-mandibular incisors may be compromised.
authors: Department of Cariology Endodontology Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Louwesweg 1, Amsterdam 1066 EA, The Netherlands. l.vd.sluis@acta.nl
authors: L W M
authors: LW
authors: van der Sluis
authors: M-K
authors: MK
authors: Wu
authors: P R
authors: PR
authors: Wesselink
mesh_terms: D001729:Bismuth / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000592:standards*; D003763:Dental Leakage / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D006171:Gutta-Percha / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007180:Incisor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D008334:Mandible; D008422:Materials Testing; D008437:Maxilla; D008853:Microscopy; D010781:Photography; D011859:Radiography; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards*; D012389:Root Canal Obturation / Q000379:methods; D012834:Silver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000592:standards; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D004853:Epoxy Resins; D012387:Root Canal Filling Materials; D012834:Silver; C028044:epoxy resin AH-26; D006171:Gutta-Percha; D014025:Titanium; D001729:Bismuth