Factors affecting sexual transmission of HIV-1: current evidence and implications for prevention.
The predominant mode of HIV-1 transmission globally is from sexual practices. The risk of HIV-1 transmission by sexual means is a function of infectivity, susceptibility and mode of transmission (type of sexual practice). In addition, transmission may be significantly increased or decreased by factors relating to the HIV-1 per se, sexual behaviour, other sexually transmissible infections (STIs), antiretroviral therapy (ART), spermicidal microbicides and HIV-1 vaccines, the host immune system, genital anatomy and nutritional deficiencies. Current research into the factors affecting sexual transmission of HIV-1 appears to benefit developed nations more than developing nations because of structured public health systems and the capacity to translate research findings into prevention strategies. A redistribution of global aid funding would do much to alleviate the pandemic in developed countries.
Chan
Derek J
DJ
Albion Street Centre, 150-154 Albion Street, Surry Hills, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia. chander@sesahs.nsw.gov.au
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology; D006679:HIV Seropositivity; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D014766:Viremia / Q000821:virology
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents