title: Is increasing urinary albumin a better marker for microvascular than for macrovascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were to evaluate the prevalence of increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and associated cardiovascular risk factors and vascular diabetes complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 975 patients in a cross-sectional design from 1998 to 2000. Frequency of micro- and macroalbuminuria, and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors and vascular DM complications, were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalence of increased UAE was 28.5% (18.3% micro- and 10.2% macroalbuminuria). Body mass index (BMI) (only females) and hemoglobin (Hb)A1c significantly correlated with macroalbuminuria (p = 0.034, p = 0.027, respectively), while high blood pressure (diastolic) was associated with microalbuminuria (p = 0.008). Diabetes duration, high systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly correlated with both micro- and macroalbuminuria. Increased UAE was associated with neuropathy (relative risk (RR) 2.12, confidence interval (CI) 1.07-4.19), retinopathy (RR 2.19, CI 1.76-2.74) and hypertension (RR 2.91, CI 1.77-4.78), but not with cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol and peripheral vascular disease. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, a significant association of albuminuria was found with diabetes duration (odds ratio (OR) 1.59, CI 0.98-2.58; p < 0062), hypertension (OR 3.42, CI 2.22-5.27; p < 0.0001), low HDL cholesterol (OR 1.78, CI 1.31-2.43; p < 0.0003), current smoking status (OR 2.19, CI 1.32-3.64; p < 0.0024), and increased serum creatinine (OR 11.16, CI 5.7-21.7; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prevalence of increased UAE was similar to that described in other geographically close populations. The stronger association found with microvascular diabetes complications suggests that increased UAE is a better predictor for renal damage than for cardiovascular disease in this type 2 DM population.
authors: Jiménez Díaz Foundation, Autónoma University, Madrid, Spain. jherrera@fjd.es
authors: Jose L
authors: JL
authors: Herrera-Pombo
authors: Manuel
authors: M
authors: Aguilar-Diosdado
authors: Federico
authors: F
authors: Hawkins
authors: Maria M
authors: MM
authors: Campos
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Moreno
authors: Alberto
authors: A
authors: Garcia-Hernandez
authors: Elda
authors: E
authors: Castro
authors: Lourdes G
authors: LG
authors: García-Doncel
authors: Alicia
authors: A
authors: Serraclara
authors: Carolina
authors: C
authors: Sánchez-Malo
authors: Fernando
authors: F
authors: Escobar-Jiménez
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology*; D015415:Biomarkers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000652:urine; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000652:urine; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers