title: Single-chamber versus dual-chamber pacing for high-grade atrioventricular block.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In the treatment of atrioventricular block, dual-chamber cardiac pacing is thought to confer a clinical benefit as compared with single-chamber ventricular pacing, but the supporting evidence is mainly from retrospective studies. Uncertainty persists regarding the true benefits of dual-chamber pacing, particularly in the elderly, in whom it is used less often than in younger patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group trial, 2021 patients 70 years of age or older who were undergoing their first pacemaker implant for high-grade atrioventricular block were randomly assigned to receive a single-chamber ventricular pacemaker (1009 patients) or a dual-chamber pacemaker (1012 patients). In the single-chamber group, patients were randomly assigned to receive either fixed-rate pacing (504 patients) or rate-adaptive pacing (505 patients). The primary outcome was death from all causes. Secondary outcomes included atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other thromboembolism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median follow-up period was 4.6 years for mortality and 3 years for other cardiovascular events. The mean annual mortality rate was 7.2 percent in the single-chamber group and 7.4 percent in the dual-chamber group (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.11). We found no significant differences between the group with single-chamber pacing and that with dual-chamber pacing in the rates of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, or a composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or other thromboembolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In elderly patients with high-grade atrioventricular block, the pacing mode does not influence the rate of death from all causes during the first five years or the incidence of cardiovascular events during the first three years after implantation of a pacemaker.
authors: Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom. w.toff@le.ac.uk
authors: William D
authors: WD
authors: Toff
authors: A John
authors: AJ
authors: Camm
authors: J Douglas
authors: JD
authors: Skehan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006327:Heart Block / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012306:Risk