title: Development of an integrated membrane process for water reclamation.
abstract: An integrated membrane process (IMP) comprising a membrane bioreactor (MBR) and a reverse osmosis (RO) process was developed for water reclamation. Wastewater was treated by an MBR operated at a sludge retention time (SRT) of 20 days and a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 5.5 h. The IMP had an overall recovery efficiency of 80%. A unique feature of the IMP was the recycling of a fraction of RO concentrate back to the MBR. Experimental results revealed that a portion of the slow- and hard-to-degrade organic constituents in the recycle stream could be degraded by an acclimated biomass leading to an improved MBR treatment efficiency. Although recycling concentrated constituents could impose an inhibitory effect on the biomass and suppress their respiratory activities, results obtained suggested that operating MBR (in the novel IMP) at an F/M ratio below 0.03 g TOC/g VSS.day could yield an effluent quality comparable to that achievable without concentrate recycling. It is noted in this study that the novel IMP could achieve an average overall TOC removal efficiency of 88.940% and it consistently produced product water usable for high value reuse applications.
authors: Environmental Science and Engineering Programme, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260.
authors: C H
authors: CH
authors: Lew
authors: J Y
authors: JY
authors: Hu
authors: L F
authors: LF
authors: Song
authors: L Y
authors: LY
authors: Lee
authors: S L
authors: SL
authors: Ong
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Ng
authors: H
authors: H
authors: Seah
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D002244:Carbon / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D005374:Filtration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009995:Osmosis; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D012722:Sewage; D002244:Carbon