title: Airway cellularity, lipid laden macrophages and microbiology of gastric juice and airways in children with reflux oesophagitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can cause respiratory disease in children from recurrent aspiration of gastric contents. GORD can be defined in several ways and one of the most common method is presence of reflux oesophagitis. In children with GORD and respiratory disease, airway neutrophilia has been described. However, there are no prospective studies that have examined airway cellularity in children with GORD but without respiratory disease. The aims of the study were to compare (1) BAL cellularity and lipid laden macrophage index (LLMI) and, (2) microbiology of BAL and gastric juices of children with GORD (G+) to those without (G-).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 150 children aged < 14-years, gastric aspirates and bronchoscopic airway lavage (BAL) were obtained during elective flexible upper endoscopy. GORD was defined as presence of reflux oesophagitis on distal oesophageal biopsies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BAL neutrophil% in G- group (n = 63) was marginally but significantly higher than that in the G+ group (n = 77), (median of 7.5 and 5 respectively, p = 0.002). Lipid laden macrophage index (LLMI), BAL percentages of lymphocyte, eosinophil and macrophage were similar between groups. Viral studies were negative in all, bacterial cultures positive in 20.7% of BALs and in 5.3% of gastric aspirates. BAL cultures did not reflect gastric aspirate cultures in all but one child.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children without respiratory disease, GORD defined by presence of reflux oesophagitis, is not associated with BAL cellular profile or LLMI abnormality. Abnormal microbiology of the airways, when present, is not related to reflux oesophagitis and does not reflect that of gastric juices.
authors: Department of Paediatrics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. annechang@ausdoctors.net
authors: A B
authors: AB
authors: Chang
authors: N C
authors: NC
authors: Cox
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Purcell
authors: J M
authors: JM
authors: Marchant
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Lewindon
authors: G J
authors: GJ
authors: Cleghorn
authors: L C
authors: LC
authors: Ee
authors: G D
authors: GD
authors: Withers
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Patrick
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Faoagali
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000166:cytology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids