title: Implementing clinical protocols in oncology: quality gaps and the learning curve phenomenon.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quality improvement effort in clinical practice has focused mostly on 'performance quality', i.e. on the development of comprehensive, evidence-based guidelines. This study aimed to assess the 'conformance quality', i.e. the extent to which guidelines once developed are correctly and consistently applied. It also aimed to assess the existence of quality gaps in the treatment of certain patient segments as defined by age or gender and to investigate methods to improve overall conformance quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective audit of clinical practice in a well-defined oncology setting was undertaken and the results compared to those obtained from prospectively applying an internally developed clinical protocol in the same setting and using specific tools to increase conformance quality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All indicators showed improvement after the implementation of the protocol that in many cases reached statistical significance, while in the entire cohort advanced age was associated (although not significantly) with sub-optimal delivery of care. A 'learning curve' phenomenon in the implementation of quality initiatives was detected, with all indicators improving substantially in the second part of the prospective study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinicians should pay separate attention to the implementation of chosen protocols and employ specific tools to increase conformance quality in patient care.
authors: Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece. sjk@otenet.gr
authors: Simos
authors: S
authors: Kedikoglou
authors: Konstantinos
authors: K
authors: Syrigos
authors: Yannis
authors: Y
authors: Skalkidis
authors: Fani
authors: F
authors: Ploiarchopoulou
authors: Nick
authors: N
authors: Dessypris
authors: Eleni
authors: E
authors: Petridou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D024221:Antineoplastic Protocols; D002983:Clinical Competence; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008495:Medical Oncology / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors