title: Procyanidin trimers to pentamers fractionated from apple inhibit melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells.
abstract: The effects of apple polyphenols on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells were investigated. The inhibitory effect of apple polyphenols was stronger than that of arbutin or kojic acid. Three polyphenol fractions (phenolic acid derivatives, procyanidins and other flavonoids) were isolated, and the procyanidins were fractionated according to the degree of polymerization using normal-phase chromatography. The procyanidin trimer-to-pentamer fractions were found to have the most pronounced effect on melanogenesis. Furthermore, each procyanidin fraction inhibited mushroom tyrosinase. No correlation between the degree of procyanidin polymerization and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was observed. Nevertheless, these observations suggest that procyanidins are effective inhibitors of tyrosinase.
authors: Fundamental Research Laboratory, Asahi Breweries, Ltd., 1-21 Midori 1-chome, Moriya, Ibaraki 302-0106, Japan. toshihiko.shoji@asahibeer.co.jp
authors: Toshihiko
authors: T
authors: Shoji
authors: Saeko
authors: S
authors: Masumoto
authors: Nina
authors: N
authors: Moriichi
authors: Masuko
authors: M
authors: Kobori
authors: Tomomasa
authors: T
authors: Kanda
authors: Hiroshi
authors: H
authors: Shinmoto
authors: Tojiro
authors: T
authors: Tsushida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D027845:Malus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008543:Melanins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental; D051379:Mice; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D008543:Melanins; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; D059808:Polyphenols; D044945:Proanthocyanidins; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase