title: Toxicity of indocyanine green (ICG) in combination with light on retinal pigment epithelial cells and neurosensory retinal cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the toxicity of indocyanine green (ICG) in combination with light.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) and rat neurosensory retinal cells (R28) were treated with four different concentrations of ICG in combination with light exposure. Cell viability, mitochondrial function, and DNA synthesis were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All concentrations of ICG with 10 min of light exposure caused a significant decrease in mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity in R28 and ARPE-19 cells. ICG without light exposure did not decrease mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. In both cell lines, [(3)H]thymidine incorporation was increased when treated with ICG with or without light. R28 cells did not show any significant decrease in cell viability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The duration of light was a significant factor in ICG toxicity. ICG needs to be used with caution as it decreases the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and increases the DNA synthesis in retinal cells, markers for cell toxicity and dysfunction.
authors: Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Irvine, 118 Med Surge I, Irvine, CA 92697-4375, USA.
authors: Raja
authors: R
authors: Narayanan
authors: M Cristina
authors: MC
authors: Kenney
authors: Sami
authors: S
authors: Kamjoo
authors: Thuan-Hau T
authors: TH
authors: Trinh
authors: Gail M
authors: GM
authors: Seigel
authors: Gilberto P
authors: GP
authors: Resende
authors: Baruch D
authors: BD
authors: Kuppermann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008027:Light; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D051381:Rats; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000528:radiation effects*; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D013936:Thymidine