title: Abnormal muscle response monitoring during microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several studies have investigated the relation between intraoperative abnormal muscle response (AMR) findings and postoperative results in patients undergoing microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS). However, there is some debate over the reliability of AMR as an indicator of postoperative outcome. We investigated whether AMR findings obtained during MVD reflect postoperative outcome in patients with HFS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 60 HFS patients who underwent AMR monitoring during MVD. AMR recordings were obtained from the mentalis muscle by electrical stimulation of the temporal branch of the facial nerve and from the orbicularis oculi muscles by stimulation of the marginal mandibular branch. Surgical outcome was compared with AMR findings at the completion of MVD. Mean follow-up was 61 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HFS resolved completely in 50 patients in whom AMR disappeared intraoperatively and in 5 patients in whom the AMR amplitude was decreased at the end of MVD. Four patients showed HFS at the final follow-up examination despite cessation or decrease of AMR during surgery. In 1 patient, preoperative AMR waveforms persisted throughout MVD, but the postoperative outcome was excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that intraoperative cessation or decreased amplitude of AMR at the end of surgery indicates a high likelihood of postoperative relief of HFS. We believe that intraoperative AMR monitoring is useful in MVD surgery for HFS.
authors: Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Yamashita
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Kawaguchi
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Fukuda
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Watanabe
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Tanaka
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Kameyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005155:Facial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016896:Treatment Outcome