title: Formal training in advanced surgical technologies enhances the surgical residency.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgeons have been consistently instructed to use better tools by which to improve upon a patient's medical care. Since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy, the desire for advanced surgical technologies has continued. This surgical breakthrough has been one of many changes in modern surgical and medical therapy that now represents the standard of care. The aim of this article is to examine the changes in surgical technologies that occurred in the past 15 years, evaluate the possible solutions that have been discussed and formally present the results of a formal training rotation in advanced surgical technologies at the University of Louisville, Department of Surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to 36 former residents who had completed the residency and the advanced surgical technologies rotation to evaluate the success of their training.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From its inception in 1998 to 2004, the residents have performed a total of 1097 procedures, or an average of 35 cases per month. Much of the exposure was gained in advanced laparoscopy, including laparoscopic nissen fundoplication, gastric band, gastric bypass, splenectomy, colon resection, small-bowl resection donor nephrectomy, and hepatic ablation. Similarly, an evaluation of the 2 procedures that in the late 1990s were considered advanced surgical procedures--sentinal node biopsy and endovascular procedures--shows that the number of these procedures performed on this rotation has fallen over the past 2 years. The overall impression of the rotation from these former residents was either integral or essential in 70% and was helpful in 20%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of demands impacting medical education have never been this numerous or complex. The rapid advances in science, systems, and information technology provide numerous advances in surgical training that continue to be the requirement and responsibility of general surgical training. The cultural changes in surgery include the team approach to provide services in surgical technologies, focus on the aging population, and outcomes assessment. The learning curve, for any and all of these procedures, is inevitably steep, and traditional resident training too often focuses on the more conventional procedures done in routine rotations. The need for formal training in advanced surgical technologies continues to be of utmost importance in these rapidly evolving times.
authors: Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Louisville, J. Graham Brown Cancer Center, 315 E. Broadway, #313, Louisville, KY 40202, USA. Robert.Martin@louisville.edu
authors: Robert C G
authors: RC
authors: Martin
authors: Farid J
authors: FJ
authors: Kehdy
authors: Jeff W
authors: JW
authors: Allen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D003479:Curriculum; D003625:Data Collection; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005544:Forecasting; D013502:General Surgery / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D013677:Medical Laboratory Science / Q000639:trends; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education*; D012371:Robotics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires