title: Persistence of cognitive deficits following paediatric head injury without professional rehabilitation in rural East Coast Malaysia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To use data from a prospective, longitudinal study to determine whether psychomotor functions improve spontaneously during the first year following paediatric traumatic brain injury without modern rehabilitation facilities in a rural area of Malaysia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six paediatric patients who were referred for neurosurgical management for mild to severe head injuries were studied over a period of 2 years. No patients had orthopaedic or surgical trauma. Assessment of patients occurred at 3, 6 and 12 months, and patients were subjected to the Bender Gestalt Test, Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised and subtests from the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. None of the patients received professional rehabilitation due to a lack of facilities; only traditional treatment was given during this period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant changes in any of the parameters, except for integration error, after a period of 1 year. Cognitive function improved in 30% of patients after 1 year of follow-up. Despite an increased relationship of the caregiver to the patient in the first year of trauma, there was no general improvement when compared to the Western literature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A lack of modern resources in the community, a low general practitioner to patient ratio, and no inpatient or outpatient rehabilitation services do not lead to spontaneous improvement in the psychomotor condition of our patients despite good interfamily support. These are important findings for the future restructuring of the psychological service in Malaysia.
authors: Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. deptneurosciencesppspusm@yahoo.com
authors: Jafri Malin
authors: JM
authors: Abdullah
authors: Narasappa
authors: N
authors: Kumaraswamy
authors: Naziah
authors: N
authors: Awang
authors: Mazira Mohamad
authors: MM
authors: Ghazali
authors: Mohd Rusli
authors: MR
authors: Abdullah
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome