Type 1 diabetes and the OAS gene cluster: association with splicing polymorphism or haplotype?
BACKGROUND
The 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase genes (OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3) map to human chromosome 12q24 and encode a family of enzymes pivotal to innate antiviral defence. Recently, the minor allele of an OAS1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that alters splicing (rs10774671) was found to be associated with increased enzymatic activity and, in a case-sibling control study, with type 1 diabetes (T1D).


METHODS
We have confirmed this T1D association in 784 nuclear families (two parents and at least one affected offspring) by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT; G:A = 386:329, p = 0.033). However, because of linkage disequilibrium within OAS1 and with the other two OAS genes, functional attribution of the association to this SNP cannot be assumed. To help answer this question, we also genotyped two non-synonymous SNPs in OAS1 exons 3 and 7.


RESULTS
All three SNPs showed significant transmission distortion. Three of the eight possible haplotypes accounted for 98.4% of parental chromosomes and two of them carried the non-predisposing A allele at rs10774671. Parents heterozygous for these two haplotypes showed significant transmission distortion (p = 0.009) despite being homozygous at rs10774671.


CONCLUSIONS
We confirm the T1D association with rs10774671, but we conclude that it cannot be attributed (solely) to the splicing variant rs10774671. A serine/glycine substitution in OAS1 exon 3 is more likely a functional variant.
Tessier
M-C
MC
Endocrine Genetics Laboratory, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
Qu
H-Q
HQ
Fréchette
R
R
Bacot
F
F
Grabs
R
R
Taback
S P
SP
Lawson
M L
ML
Kirsch
S E
SE
Hudson
T J
TJ
Polychronakos
C
C
D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase / Q000235:genetics*; D000293:Adolescent; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D005810:Multigene Family / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012326:RNA Splicing / Q000235:genetics*
D015088:2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase