title: Myocardial late gadolinium enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in troponin I.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the influence of genotype on late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and the potential of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to detect preclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, blinded cohort study of myocardial LGE in a genetically homogeneous population.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 patients with disease causing mutations in the recognised hypertrophic cardiomyopathy gene for cardiac troponin I (TNNI3): 15 with echocardiographically determined left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH+) and 15 without (LVH-).
  
  
  METHODS
  CMR measures of regional left ventricular function, wall thickness, and mass, and the extent and distribution of LGE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LGE was found in 12 (80%) LVH+ patients but with variable extent (mean 15%, range 3-48%). LGE was also found in two (13%) LVH- patients but the extent was limited (3.6%) and both patients were found to have an abnormal ECG and regional hypertrophy by cine CMR. The extent of LGE was positively associated with clinical markers of sudden death risk (21% with > or = 2 risk factors v 7% with < or = 1 risk factor, p = 0.02) and left ventricular mass (r = 0.56, p < 0.001) and was inversely associated with ejection fraction (r = -0.58, p < 0.001). Segmental analysis showed that as regional wall thickness increased, LGE was more prevalent (p < 0.0001) and more extensive (r = 0.98, p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with disease causing mutations in TNNI3, focal fibrosis was not detected by LGE CMR before LVH and ECG abnormalities were present. Once LVH is present, LGE is common and the extent correlates with adverse clinical parameters. This suggests that focal fibrosis is closely linked to disease development.
authors: Centre for Advanced Magnetic Resonance in Cardiology, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
authors: J C
authors: JC
authors: Moon
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Mogensen
authors: P M
authors: PM
authors: Elliott
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Smith
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Elkington
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Prasad
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Pennell
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: McKenna
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002312:Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D019028:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D010375:Pedigree; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019210:Troponin I / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019210:Troponin I; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA