title: Association of genetic polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1, T1, P1 and susceptibility to bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are active in the detoxification of wide variety of endogenous or exogenous carcinogens. We examined the association of the GST gene polymorphism with sporadic bladder cancer patients in Northern India.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study constituted of 106 bladder cancer cases and 370 age-matched controls. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotypes were identified by multiplex PCR and GSTP1313 A/G by Polymerase Chain Reaction/Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism method (PCR/RFLP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed non-significant association in null alleles of the GSTM1 (p = 0.611, OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.72-1.74 and GSTT1 (p = 0.135, OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.89-2.37) with risk of bladder cancer. However, the G/G genotype of the GSTP1 gene polymorphism was highly significant when compared to controls (p=0.000, OR = 7.12, 95% CI = 3.14-16.16). The combined analysis of the three risk genotypes demonstrated further increase in the risk of bladder cancer (p = 0.000, OR = 7.29 95% CI = 2.81-18.93).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study demonstrated that GSTP1313 G/G polymorphism is a strong predisposing risk factor for bladder cancer. Combination of three GST genotypes association exhibiting gene-gene interaction further substantiates the increased risk of bladder cancer.
authors: Department of Urology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226014, Uttar Pradesh, India. dshankarpgi@yahoo.com
authors: Daya Shankar Lal
authors: DS
authors: Srivastava
authors: Dhruva Kumar
authors: DK
authors: Mishra
authors: Anil
authors: A
authors: Mandhani
authors: Balraj
authors: B
authors: Mittal
authors: Anant
authors: A
authors: Kumar
authors: Rama Devi
authors: RD
authors: Mittal
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1