title: Chemical compounds of the foraging recruitment pheromone in bumblebees.
abstract: When the frenzied and irregular food-recruitment dances of bumblebees were first discovered, it was thought that they might represent an evolutionary prototype to the honeybee waggle dance. It later emerged that the primary function of the bumblebee dance was the distribution of an alerting pheromone. Here, we identify the chemical compounds of the bumblebee recruitment pheromone and their behaviour effects. The presence of two monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene (eucalyptol, ocimene and farnesol) in the nest airspace and in the tergal glands increases strongly during foraging. Of these, eucalyptol has the strongest recruitment effect when a bee nest is experimentally exposed to it. Since honeybees use terpenes for marking food sources rather than recruiting foragers inside the nest, this suggests independent evolutionary roots of food recruitment in these two groups of bees.
authors.affiliation: CIFA La Mojonera (IFAPA); Aut. Mediterráneo 420, 04745, La Mojonera, Almería, Spain.
authors.forename: Angeles Mena
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Granero
authors.forename: José M Guerra
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Sanz
authors.forename: Francisco J Egea
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: José L Martinez
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dornhaus
authors.forename: Junaid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghani
authors.forename: Ana Roldán
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chittka
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees / Q000502:physiology*; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D010675:Pheromones / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010675:Pheromones