title: Fungus-infected fluid collections in thorax or abdomen: effectiveness of percutaneous catheter drainage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of percutaneous catheter drainage in the treatment of fungus-infected fluid collections in the thorax or abdomen and to identify any factor that may be predictive of a poor clinical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Approval for this study was obtained from the hospital ethics subcommittee on human studies. Because the study was retrospective, patient informed consent was not required. This study was compliant with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Retrospective analysis was performed of cases of fungus-infected fluid collections in the thorax or abdomen treated by using percutaneous catheter drainage in 60 patients (36 male and 24 female patients; mean age, 57 years; range, 2 months to 91 years) during 5 years. The patient medical records were reviewed to identify recognized factors for predisposition to fungal infection. The details of percutaneous catheter drainage and microbiologic findings were recorded. The technical success (ability of catheters placed to drain collections treated) and the clinical success (ability of patients to recover fully without surgery) of percutaneous catheter drainage were determined. A multifactor logistic regression analysis was performed to identify any clinical or microbiologic factor predictive of a poor clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-three fungus-infected fluid collections were drained in 60 patients. The collections originated from the pleura (n = 6), mediastinum (n = 2), liver (n = 3), pancreas (n = 5), obstructed biliary or urinary tract (n = 9), gallbladder (n = 1), and abdominopelvic area (n = 47). The technical success rate for catheter drainage was 79% (41 of 52 patients); the clinical success rate, 57% (34 of 60 patients). Twenty (33%) patients died from all causes during hospital admission. Multifactor logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of a poor clinical outcome; complexity of collection, history of malignancy, and admission to intensive care unit were significant (P < .03) and independent predictors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a moderately high technical success rate with percutaneous catheter drainage of fungus-infected fluid collections, clinical success rate was much lower. Both imaging appearance (complexity of collection) and clinical factors (history of malignancy, admission to intensive care unit) influenced prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Infectious Diseases Division, Infection Control Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, White 270-E, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Varghese
authors.forename: Peter F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Mukesh G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Harisinghani
authors.forename: Sikandar M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hayat
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gervais
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002404:Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009181:Mycoses / Q000382:microbiology / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013909:Thorax