title: Nicorandil attenuates NF-kappaB activation, adhesion molecule expression, and cytokine production in patients with coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: Nicorandil (NCR), a KATP channel opener, has been reported to preserve microvascular integrity in patients with reperfused myocardial infarction. We tested the hypothesis that NCR suppresses myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury via the attenuation of cytokine production. Forty patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery were studied. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, i.e., the patients with NCR (4-6 mg/h; N group, n = 20) or without NCR (C group, n = 20). Cardiac surgery was performed under anesthesia using fentanyl and propofol. Blood were sampled at the time of induction of anesthesia, pre-cardiopulmonary bypass, 60 min after aortic occlusion, and 60, 120, and 180 min after declamping the aorta. The activation of NF-kappaB, expression of adhesion molecules, and cytokine production were evaluated in blood samples from the control volunteers by flow cytometric analysis with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in vitro. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 levels in both groups increased 60 min after declamping the aorta compared with the preoperative value (P < 0.001); the increases of these parameters in N group were lower than those in C group (P < 0.05). Serum creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits and troponin-T levels increased 60 min after declamping the aorta in two groups (P < 0,001), but the increases of both parameters in N group were lower than those in C group (P < 0.05). NF-kappaB activation, CD11b/CD18 expression, and the production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-6 in monocytes and granulocytes were inhibited by NCR in vitro. NCR suppressed the increase of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-8 levels, and reduced myocardial reperfusion injury. The inhibition on NF-kappaB activation, adhesion molecule expression, and cytokine production may be one of the important mechanisms of myocardial protection of NCR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagi, Japan. t_kawamura@snh.go.jp
authors.forename: Takae
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kadosaki
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nara
authors.forename: Jicheng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Shigeatsu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inada
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology; D018821:CD18 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000378:metabolism; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000473:pathology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism*; D020108:Nicorandil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D015427:Reperfusion Injury; D013997:Time Factors; D020107:Troponin T / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018821:CD18 Antigens; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D015221:Potassium Channels; D020107:Troponin T; D020108:Nicorandil; D003402:Creatine Kinase