title: Gastric mucosal cytokine levels in relation to host interleukin-1 polymorphisms and Helicobacter pyloricagA genotype.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The outcome of a Helicobacter pylori infection is related in part to interrelationships among H. pylori virulence factors and the H. pylori-induced mucosal response. The host inflammatory response is partly governed by polymorphisms in pro-inflammatory genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cytokine levels (interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8) were examined in H. pylori-infected and uninfected normal-appearing mucosa from patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), margins of gastric ulcers and cancer tissues. Cytokine levels were compared with cagA genotypes and host interleukin (IL)-1 polymorphisms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study comprised 168 Thai patients. All infected patients possessed anti-CagA antibody. Gastric mucosal IL-8 levels were significantly higher in H.pylori-positive cases than in -negative cases in all three tissue types (e.g. 1115 versus 217 pg/mg protein for NUD) (p<0.001). Normal-appearing but H. pylori-infected antral mucosa of patients with cagA type 1a strains had higher IL-8 levels than those with type 2a strains (2632 versus 1036 pg/mg protein) (p<0.005). IL-1B-511T/T carriers had higher antral mucosal IL-1ss levels versus non-carriers (pg/mg protein) (T/T=221, T/C=178, C/C=70) (p=0.005). IL-1B-511T/T carriers also had higher IL-1beta levels versus non-carriers in H. pylori-negative patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It was found that both the host factors (IL-1 polymorphisms) and bacterial factors (cagA type 1a versus type 2a) influenced gastric mucosal cytokine levels. Future studies should concentrate on interactions among host factors (e.g. genetics and tissue responses) and bacterial and environmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Ratha-Korn
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Vilaichone
authors.forename: Varocha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mahachai
authors.forename: Somying
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tumwasorn
authors.forename: Jeng Yih
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaoka
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000382:microbiology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism*; D005838:Genotype; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000382:microbiology; D013785:Thailand
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D007378:Interleukins; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori