title: Visual simulation of retinal images through a decentered monofocal and a refractive multifocal intraocular lens.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of decentration of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) and a refractive multifocal IOL on retinal image quality using a new visual simulation system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a new visual simulation system, we performed visual simulation of a monofocal and a multifocal IOL at 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and 0.4 m with several decentered IOL positions from 0 to 1.0 mm through a 3- or 4-mm aperture using Landolt visual acuity (VA) charts. The VA was estimated under each condition from the simulated retinal image.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a monofocal IOL, the image was affected minimally by decentration at 4 and 5 m; at 2 and 3 m, the image contrast decreased slightly with increased decentration. With the multifocal IOL, some loss of image contrast developed at all distances compared with the monofocal IOL; however, the images of the Landolt's rings were still recognizable under all conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that up to 1.0 mm of decentration of a monofocal and multifocal IOL would not greatly affect the retinal image quality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan. fwic7788@infoweb.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kazuno
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Negishi
authors.forename: Kazuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohnuma
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
mesh_terms: D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007910:Lenses, Intraocular; D008027:Light; D008954:Models, Biological; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D012029:Refraction, Ocular / Q000502:physiology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology*