title: Increase of AMPA receptor glutamate receptor 1 subunit and B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 gene expression in hippocampus of fatigued mice.
abstract: Central fatigue is an indispensable biosignal for maintaining life, but the neuronal and molecular mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this study, we searched for genes differentially expressed in the hippocampus of fatigued mice to elucidate the mechanisms underlying fatigue. Mice were forced to swim in an adjustable-current water pool, and the maximum swimming time (endurance) until fatigue was measured thrice. Fatigued and nonfatigued mice with equal swimming capacity and body weight were compared. We found that the genes of GluR1 and B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (Bap31), which acts as a transport molecule in the secretory pathway or as a mediator of apoptosis, were upregulated in the hippocampus of fatigued mice, and increases of GluR1 and Bap31 were confirmed by Northern blotting and real-time PCR. No change of gene expression of AMPA receptor subunits other than GluR1 was observed. These results suggest that a compositional change of AMPA receptor (increase of GluR1) and upregulation of the Bap31 gene may be implicated in fatigue in mice.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan. kamakura@pu-toyama.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamakura
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamaki
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakaki
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoneda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000235:genetics*; D013550:Swimming / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018698:Glutamic Acid; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C489642:Bcap31 protein, mouse