title: Cordelia, Lear, and forgiveness.
abstract: Painful human interactions are often followed by urges to forgive, be forgiving, or seek forgiveness. The insight analysands develop into their transferences highlights their finding gratification in constantly reenacting painful interactions. Their new understanding can make forgiveness seem irrelevant; waiving the question of forgiveness might then seem the wiser course to follow. Also thrown into question is whether total forgiveness of self and others can ever be achieved. Shakespeare's The Tragedy of King Lear raises these questions. There we encounter, first, the painful interaction of Cordelia and Lear and, finally, Cordelia's response, "No cause, no cause," to a dying Lear's begging her forgiveness for having initially treated her cruelly. Cordelia's response seems to be waiving the question of guilt and forgiveness, but could it be wholehearted? In a search for answers, a reading of Cordelia's and Lear's lines is interwoven with interpretations of unconscious conflict that might be considered were one to encounter clinically a "Cordelia" abused by an aging and failing father at a turning point in her womanly development. Unconsciously, it is concluded, unforgivingness persists alongside the loving, insightful waiving of forgiveness made possible by higher-level ego functioning. Methodological reflections on reading and interpretation are included.
authors.affiliation: Training and Supervising Analyst, Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, USA. royschafer@mindspring.com
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schafer
mesh_terms: D003643:Death; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008091:Literature; D008149:Love; D008297:Male; D011574:Psychoanalytic Theory; D014474:Unconsciousness