title: Development and validation of the interview version of the Hong Kong Chinese WHOQOL-BREF.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Hong Kong Chinese version of the WHOQOL-BREF was designed as a self-administered questionnaire and has limitations in clinical application on subjects who have limitations in reading or writing. An interview version is therefore needed to avoid sampling biases in clinical studies. Since there are significant differences in the written Chinese and spoken Cantonese, which is a dialect commonly spoken among people in Hong Kong, and adaptation process for converting the written Chinese into spoken Cantonese was necessary. The interview version was designed to allow administration in both face-to-face interview and telephone interview mode.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three members of the research team translated the formal written Chinese in the self-administered version of the WHOQOL-BREF(HK) into colloquial Cantonese separately. Brief notes extracted from the facet definitions of the WHOQOL-100 were added in brackets after some questions to further explain the intention of the questions. Two series of focus groups were conducted and subsequently the field test version was produced. 329 subjects were recruited by convenient sampling method for the field test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The interview version and the self-administered version was found equivalent. The ICC values of the domain scores ranged from 0.73 in the environment domain to 0.83 in the psychological domain. The face-to-face interview and telephone interview mode of administration were also found equivalent. The ICC for the domain scores ranged from 0.76 in the social interaction domain to 0.84 in the psychological domain. The other psychometric properties of the interview version were found comparable to the self-administered version.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The self-administered and the interview version of the WHOQOL-BREF are regarded as identical in group comparison. The authors advise that it is acceptable to use different versions on different subjects in the same study, provided that the same version is applied on the same subject throughout the study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Occupational Therapy, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. kfleung@ha.org.hk
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: M S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tay
authors.forename: M M L
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: S S W
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002681:China; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000295:instrumentation*; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014175:Translating