title: Phase I/II trial of intraperitoneal 5-Fluorouracil with and without intravenous vasopressin in non-resectable pancreas cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Systemic palliative treatment with chemotherapy against advanced pancreas cancer has low effectiveness despite considerable toxicity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the safety, toxicity and tumour response of intraperitoneal 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) with intravenous Leucovorin and to monitor 5-FU pharmacokinetics in plasma during intraperitoneal instillation with and without vasopressin in patients with non-resectable pancreas cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1994 and 2003, 68 patients with non-resectable pancreas cancer TNM stage III and IV, were enrolled to receive intraperitoneal5-FU instillation 750-1500 mg/m2 and intravenous Leucovorin 100 mg/m2 for two days every third week. Tumour response, performance status and toxicity were recorded. Seventeen patients were also treated with intravenous vasopressin 0.1 IU/minute for 180 minutes, during intraperitoneal 5-FU instillation. Area under the curve (AUC) and peak concentration (Cmax) of 5-FU in plasma were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The treatment was well tolerated with minor toxicity. One complete response (54.1+ months) and 2 partial responses were observed. Time to progression was 4.4 months (0.8-54.1+), and median survival was 8.0 months (0.8-54.1+). There was a significant reduction of 5-FU Cmax in plasma the second day of treatment if vasopressin was used (3.4+/-2.5 and 6.1+/-5.4 mumol/l, respectively, p<0.05). 5-FU AUC in plasma was not significantly affected by vasopressin either day of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraperitoneal 5-FU is a safe treatment with low toxicity to patients with non-resectable pancreas cancer. Tumour response was 4.4% and median survival time 8.0 months. Addition of vasopressin did not significantly decrease plasma 5-FU AUC but reduced Cmax on day 2 of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of surgical and perioperative science; Surgery, Umeå University Hospital, 90185, Umeå, SE, Sweden. mikael.oman@surgery.umu.se
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oman
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lundqvist
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gustavsson
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Hafström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naredi
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D006490:Hemostatics; D014667:Vasopressins; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil