title: Dental care with manual toothbrushes during fixed orthodontic treatment--a new testing procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this investigation was to employ a new in-vitro testing system for manual toothbrushes in order to distinguish the more effective from those less so for dental care during fixed appliance treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The testing apparatus consisted of a sliding carriage able to execute a horizontal brushing movement, and a row of artificial teeth upon which the various toothbrushes were manipulated. The artificial row of teeth was fixed on a sensor that recorded in all three dimensions the forces and moments caused by the toothbrushes on the toothbrush field. All the tests were executed with a weight of 110 g on a tooth field with a multibracket appliance. Tests were also carried out with five toothbrushes having weights of 200 g, 250 g and 300 g. Here, the decisive target values were 1) the degree of exertion necessary in the brushing direction to move a brush over the artificial teeth, and 2) the maximum force occurring in the brushing direction. High target values indicated high interaction between toothbrush bristles and the surfaces being brushed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From testing five toothbrushes with four different weights, we have established profiles confirming the beneficial and less beneficial properties of certain toothbrushes involving various high contact forces.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg, 89081 Ulm, Germany. Sander@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Franz Martin
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sander
authors.forename: Franz Günter
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D003742:Dental Devices, Home Care; D004548:Elasticity; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D009910:Oral Hygiene / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014070:Tooth / Q000502:physiology*; D014099:Toothbrushing / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D014159:Transducers