title: Paramedian forehead flap reconstruction for nasal defects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The paramedian forehead flap is the ultimate reconstructive method for repair of extensive nasal defects. Changes in technique have resulted in the evolution of the modern-day forehead flap, which is a streamlined, efficient, reliable flap that can be counted on to provide superior function and cosmesis in the reconstruction of large nasal defects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Consistent success in the execution of a forehead flap hinges on a careful stepwise approach to the defect, the patient, and the surgical technique. Characterization of these steps was undertaken to assist the surgeon in achieving consistent post- operative results.
  
  
  METHODS
  The process of executing a paramedian forehead flap beginning with preoperative assessment through the intraoperative procedure and culminating in the postoperative care is elucidated and discussed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through thoughtful planning and correct execution of technique, very large nasal defects are reconstructed, with excellent functional and esthetic results. Specific examples illustrate the range of approaches that can be used to address a variety of nasal tissue loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With careful attention to the reconstruction of all components of a nasal defect, a forehead flap can restore virtually any large nasal defect with excellent functional and cosmetic results. The skill sets that help optimize the process of nasal reconstruction are important to acquire. With careful planning and surgical finesse, forehead flaps can often result in nearly imperceptible restoration of the nose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center -- Shadyside, Clairton, PA 15025, USA.
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Brodland
mesh_terms: D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D009666:Nose / Q000601:surgery; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D013524:Surgical Flaps