title: Effect of urothelium on bladder contractility in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It is known that physiopathological changes in diabetes affect the function of the bladder. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the possible effects of diabetes on the urothelium during this physiopathological process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diabetes was induced in rats by tail vein injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin. Eight weeks later, intact and denuded bladder strips were prepared from these rats. Electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5-32 Hz), carbachol (10(-8)-10(-3) mol/L; cumulative dosage-response curves) and KCl (120 mmol/L) were used for the evaluation of the contractile responses. All responses were expressed as mg tension developed per mg of bladder tissue. Weights of rats and of their bladders, blood glucose levels, and frequency- and concentration-response curves were compared using anova, the paired t-test and the independent t-test. Differences were considered significant at P<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although no differences related to the weight of bladders of the control and diabetic groups were observed, there were differences in blood glucose levels and body weights between the two groups. Similarly, although there were no differences between the data obtained with EFS and KCl from tissues with intact and denuded strips in the control group, carbachol responses significantly differed between intact and denuded strips in the non-diabetic group. These differences were not observed in the diabetic group. In the control groups, in the presence of additional strips with intact urothelium placed in the medium containing denuded tissue, the differences in contractile responses between the intact control strip and the denuded strip disappeared.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Diabetes possibly changes the interaction between the relaxant factors that are released from urothelium and muscarinic stimulation, but these interactions are not completely understood yet. Consequently, the response of the bladder to contractile stimulants is also affected. Further studies are required to reveal the mechanism by which diabetes influences the urothelium.
authors.affiliation: Second Urology Clinic, Ankara Numune Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koşan
authors.forename: Gaye
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oztürk
authors.forename: Ozan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Ozgünes
authors.forename: Serap
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gür
authors.forename: Mesut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cetinkaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D008297:Male; D018721:Muscarinic Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D046509:Tissue Culture Techniques; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019459:Urothelium / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D018721:Muscarinic Agonists; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D002217:Carbachol