Identification of splicing silencers and enhancers in sense Alus: a role for pseudoacceptors in splice site repression.
Auxiliary splicing signals in introns play an important role in splice site selection, but these elements are poorly understood. We show that a subset of serine/arginine (SR)-rich proteins activate a cryptic 3' splice site in a sense Alu repeat located in intron 4 of the human LST1 gene. Utilization of this cryptic splice site is controlled by juxtaposed Alu-derived splicing silencers and enhancers between closely linked short tandem repeats TNFd and TNFe. Systematic mutagenesis of these elements showed that AG dinucleotides that were not preceded by purine residues were critical for repressing exon inclusion of a chimeric splicing reporter. Since the splice acceptor-like sequences are present in excess in exonic splicing silencers, these signals may contribute to inhibition of a large number of pseudosites in primate genomes.
Lei
Haixin
H
University of Southampton School of Medicine, Division of Human Genetics, Duthie Building, UK.
Vorechovsky
Igor
I
D017398:Alternative Splicing; D020087:Alu Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D001120:Arginine / Q000737:chemistry; D001665:Binding Sites; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005091:Exons; D020868:Gene Silencing; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D016678:Genome; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D007438:Introns; D008957:Models, Genetic; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D011687:Purines / Q000737:chemistry; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012326:RNA Splicing; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D014162:Transfection
D009711:Nucleotides; D011687:Purines; D012322:RNA Precursors; D012694:Serine; D012313:RNA; D001120:Arginine; C030985:purine