title: Influence of local anaesthesia on pain and distress induced by two bloodless castration methods in young lambs.
abstract: To assess short- and long-term effects of bloodless castration methods with and without local anaesthesia, behavioural and cortisol responses of lambs were used as indicators of pain and distress. Seventy lambs, aged 2-7 days, were control-handled or castrated by Burdizzo or rubber ring methods with and without local anaesthesia. Either 5 mL of diluted lidocaine (4 mg/kg) or physiological sodium chloride solution was distributed in both spermatic cords and the scrotal neck. The serum cortisol response was monitored for 48 h, and behavioural and clinical traits were followed for three months. Local anaesthesia tended to reduce behavioural and cortisol responses after Burdizzo castration and provided a significant reduction after rubber ring castration. Prolonged pain after rubber ring castration with anaesthesia was not evident. If combined with local anaesthesia, both the rubber ring and the Burdizzo methods are acceptable methods for castration of lambs up to one week of age.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty of Berne, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Postfach 8466, 3001 Berne, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sibylle C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Mellema
authors.forename: Marcus G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Doherr
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wechsler
authors.forename: Susann
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thueer
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Steiner
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000662:veterinary*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000818:Animals; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008012:Lidocaine; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010146:Pain / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D006854:Hydrocortisone