Communication of end-of-life decisions in European intensive care units.
OBJECTIVE
To examine end-of-life (EOL) practices in European ICUs: who makes these decisions, how they are made, communication of these decisions and questions on communication between the physicians, nurses, patients and families.


METHODS
Data collected prospectively on EOL decisions facilitated by a questionnaire including EOL decision categories, geographical regions, mental competency, information about patient wishes, and discussions with patients, families and health care professionals.


METHODS
37 European ICUs in 17 countries.


METHODS
ICU physicians collected data on 4,248 patients.


RESULTS
95% of patients lacked decision making capacity at the time of EOL decision and patient's wishes were known in only 20% of cases. EOL decisions were discussed with the family in 68% of cases. Physicians reported having more information about patients' wishes and discussions in the northern countries (31%, 88%) than central (16%, 70%) or southern (13%, 48%) countries. The family was more often told (88%) than asked (38%) about EOL decisions. Physicians' reasons for not discussing EOL care with the family included the fact that the patient was unresponsive to therapy (39%), the family was unavailable (28%), and the family was thought not to understand (25%).


CONCLUSIONS
ICU patients typically lack decision-making capacity, and physicians know patients' wishes in only 20% of EOL decisions. There were regional differences in discussions of EOL decisions with families and other physicians. In European ICUs there seems to be a need to improve communication.
Cohen
Simon
S
Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK. simon.cohen@ucl.ac.uk
Sprung
Charles
C
Sjokvist
Peter
P
Lippert
Anne
A
Ricou
Bara
B
Baras
Mario
M
Hovilehto
Seppo
S
Maia
Paulo
P
Phelan
Dermot
D
Reinhart
Konrad
K
Werdan
Karl
K
Bulow
Hans-Henrik
HH
Woodcock
Tom
T
D003142:Communication; D003657:Decision Making; D005060:Europe; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D016743:Mental Competency; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013727:Terminal Care / Q000523:psychology*