title: Antisocial personality disorder is associated with increased severity of gambling, medical, drug and psychiatric problems among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate systematically whether pathological gamblers with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) experience increased severity of gambling, medical, psychiatric, substance use and psychosocial problems compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD. PARTICIPANTS, DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Pathological gamblers (n = 237) entering an out-patient treatment study for pathological gambling completed the ASPD section of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) Personality Disorders, California Psychological Inventory-Socialization Scale, Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and gambling questionnaires.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pathological gambling research clinic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-nine (16.5%) pathological gamblers met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ASPD. Compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD, pathological gamblers with ASPD were younger, more likely to be male and divorced/separated, and had fewer years of education. They also began gambling earlier in life, reported increased severity of gambling, medical and drug problems, and scored higher on the paranoid ideation, somatization and phobic anxiety subscales of the BSI. Further, logistic regression identified male gender, history of illicit drug use and severity of gambling and medical problems as independent predictors of ASPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underscore the importance of assessing a wide range of behaviors and personality indices, including ASPD, among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Pietrzak
authors.forename: Nancy M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Petry
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000987:Antisocial Personality Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires