title: Preoperative detection of pleural adhesions by chest ultrasonography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The presence of pleural adhesions may render video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery difficult or impossible. The aim of this study was to assess the value of chest ultrasonography in the detection of pleural adhesions prior to thoracotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between October 2001 and September 2002, 42 consecutive patients undergoing thoracotomies (including video-assisted thoracic surgery) were evaluated with chest ultrasonography. These patients underwent a preoperative ultrasonic examination of the chest wall using a 7-MHz linear ultrasound probe at 7 points along the chest wall. We measured the movement of the visceral pleural slide.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When restricted viscera sliding was defined as less than 1 cm of excursion at the upper thoracic wall during exaggerated respirations, ultrasonography demonstrated a sensitivity of 63.6%, a specificity of 79.4%, a negative predictive value of 87.7%, a positive predictive value of 50.0%, and an overall accuracy of 75.6%. When restricted viscera sliding was defined as less than 2 cm of excursion at the lower thoracic wall during exaggerated respirations, ultrasonography demonstrated a sensitivity of 81.5%, a specificity of 81.0%, a negative predictive value of 96.0%, a positive predictive value of 44.0%, and an overall accuracy of 81.0%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chest ultrasonography is moderately accurate in detecting the presence and location of pleural adhesions. Use of preoperative chest sonographic findings to plan trocar placement and to determine the need for an open approach is valuable in helping prevent visceral injury and facilitating video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery (II), University of Fukui, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukui, Japan. masato@fmsrsa.fukui-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawabe
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Narihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morioka
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ihaya
authors.forename: Kuniyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D010995:Pleural Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted; D013908:Thoracotomy; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology; D014463:Ultrasonography