title: Copper in developmental stuttering.
abstract: It has previously been reported that men with developmental stuttering showed reduced concentration of copper in the blood, and a negative correlation between the copper level and the severity of stuttering. Disorders of copper metabolism may result in dysfunction of the basal ganglia system and dystonia, a motor disorder sharing some traits of stuttering. It has been shown that copper ions affect the dopamine and the GABA systems. With this background we investigated the plasma level of copper, the copper binding protein ceruloplasmin, and the estimated level of free copper in stuttering adults. Sixteen men with developmental stuttering were compared with 16 men without speech problems. The samples were assayed in one batch in a pseudorandom and counterbalanced order. No significant differences were found between stuttering men and the control group in any of the biological variables, and no negative correlation between copper and the general severity of stuttering was shown. On the contrary, an explorative analysis resulted in a positive correlation between high plasma copper and superfluous muscular activity during stuttering (r=0.51, p=0.04). This result indicates that there is no relation between developmental stuttering and low plasma copper in the main population of stuttering adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. Per.Alm@psykiatr.lu.se
authors.forename: Per A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Alm
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000503:physiopathology; D003300:Copper / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*; D004421:Dystonia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013342:Stuttering / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D003300:Copper