title: Identifying and assisting low-literacy patients with medication use: a survey of community pharmacies.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nearly one-half of adult Americans have limited functional literacy skills. Low patient literacy is associated with poor medication adherence and health outcomes. However, little is known about how pharmacies address literacy-related needs among patrons.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency with which pharmacies identify and provide appropriate assistance to patients with limited literacy skills and provide specific recommendations to help improve pharmacists' recognition of low health literacy, as well as strategies to improve adherence in this population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Through a telephone-based survey of Atlanta-area pharmacies, we obtained information on (1) whether the pharmacy attempted to identify patients with limited literacy skills, (2) what measures were taken by the pharmacy to optimize the health care of low-literacy patients, especially with regard to medication adherence, and (3) what services the pharmacy offered to improve adherence in general.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate among eligible pharmacies was 96.8% (N = 30). Only 2 (7%) pharmacies reported attempting to identify literacy-related needs among their patrons. One of these facilities provided additional verbal counseling to assist low-literacy patients, and the other pharmacy involved family members, provided verbal counseling, and had patients repeat instructions to confirm comprehension. Most pharmacies reported availability of adherence aids that could help low-literacy patients if such patients were identified and targeted to receive additional assistance. These included verbal and written counseling (offered at 73% of pharmacies), packaging or organizing aids (27%), refill services (17%), and graphic or multimedia aids (13%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pharmacies infrequently attempt to identify and assist patients with limited literacy skills.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterans Affairs, Pharmacy Service, Denver, CO 80220-3808, USA. jessica.praska@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Praska
authors.forename: Sunil
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kripalani
authors.forename: Antoinette L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Seright
authors.forename: Terry A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Jacobson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001296:Audiovisual Aids; D003376:Counseling; D003625:Data Collection; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004522:Educational Status; D005845:Georgia; D006801:Humans; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010594:Pharmacies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010595:Pharmacists; D014481:United States