Effects of glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adults.
Inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids are widely used as effective, first-line treatments for asthma and allergic rhinitis. Despite a good safety profile of these formulations, there is increasing concern about their propensity to produce systemic adverse effects. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is one of the most important potential complications. This article reviews the effects of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in adults and children.
Gulliver
Tanya
T
Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000188:drug therapy; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids