title: Real-time flavor release from French fries using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Flavor release from French fries was measured with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) using both assessors (in vivo) and a mouth model system (in vitro). Several volatiles measured with APCI were identified with MS-MS. The effect of frying time, salt addition, and an alternative process using superheated steam was determined on I(max) (maximum intensity of compounds) and on t(max) (time of maximum intensity). In vitro a "chewing" frequency of 0.60 Hz caused an increased t(max) for low molecular weight compounds compared to the other frequencies tested. Above 0.93 Hz further increase in the frequency did not affect t(max). Trends observed with in vivo experiments could be verified with in vitro experiments. I(max) correlated well with frying time. Addition of salt resulted in a decreased t(max), suggesting a salting-out effect. The alternative process caused a layer of oil on the surface, and this resulted in a higher t(max), but no effect on I(max) was found. This phenomenon may be critical for the sensory quality and would not have been observed with static volatile measurements, demonstrating the value of flavor release measurements.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Wil A M
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: Jozef P H
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Linssen
authors.forename: Alexandra E M
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Boelrijk
authors.forename: Maurits J M
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Burgering
authors.forename: Alphons G J
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Voragen
mesh_terms: D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D008409:Mastication; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011198:Solanum tuberosum / Q000737:chemistry; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D012965:Sodium Chloride