title: Who are the "quitters"? a cross-sectional study of circumstances associated with women giving up smoking.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking is an important preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and many other diseases. Even though tobacco consumption is declining in Sweden, it is not declining in all groups. This study explored socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances hindering or facilitating smoking cessation in three birth cohorts of women from the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1991 and 1996 a comprehensive questionnaire was administered to 17,319 women, 45-73 years old, from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort. Smoking habits were compared in relation to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances in three birth cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of these women, 44% were never smokers, 28% were ex-smokers, and 28% were smokers (regular or occasional). When compared with smokers, ex-smokers were more often married, had a higher socioeconomic position, a longer education, more smoke-free surroundings, better emotional support, higher BMI, and better self-perceived health. Ex-smokers reported less work-related stress and less shift work. A history of cardiovascular disease was not associated with smoking cessation. The socioeconomic differences between current and former smokers were higher for young women as compared with older birth cohorts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Continuing smokers and quitters differ with regard to socioeconomic and psychosocial circumstances and factors related to working life and environmental tobacco exposure. By determining who the quitters are through continued follow-up, useful insights can be gained to develop strategies to achieve successful cessation of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Medicine, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. ellis.janzon@smi.mas.lu.se
authors.forename: Ellis
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Janzon
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Engström
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lindström
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hedblad
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Janzon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000523:psychology*; D012944:Social Support; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden