title: Live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of ventricular noncompaction.
abstract: We present eight adult patients with noncompaction (four with isolated left ventricular noncompaction and four with combined left and right ventricular noncompaction) in whom live three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3D TTE) demonstrated multiple, prominent myocardial trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses communicating with the ventricular cavity, and a typical honeycombing appearance. In the four patients with combined right and left ventricular noncompaction, very extensive trabeculations in the right ventricle were identified, much more than in normal or hypertrophied right ventricles. Five of the eight patients were not definitively identified to have noncompaction on two-dimensional (2D) TTE, but the diagnosis was made with 3D TTE. These cases demonstrate the potential usefulness of 3D TTE as a supplement to 2D TTE in the assessment of noncompaction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
authors.forename: Kunal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bodiwala
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Navin C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: Vinod
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Srinivas
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vengala
authors.forename: Farhat
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mehmood
authors.forename: Shailendra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Upendram
authors.forename: Ebenezer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018754:Ventricular Dysfunction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*