title: Swine and poultry pathogens: the complete genome sequences of two strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of Mycoplasma synoviae.
abstract: This work reports the results of analyses of three complete mycoplasma genomes, a pathogenic (7448) and a nonpathogenic (J) strain of the swine pathogen Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and a strain of the avian pathogen Mycoplasma synoviae; the genome sizes of the three strains were 920,079 bp, 897,405 bp, and 799,476 bp, respectively. These genomes were compared with other sequenced mycoplasma genomes reported in the literature to examine several aspects of mycoplasma evolution. Strain-specific regions, including integrative and conjugal elements, and genome rearrangements and alterations in adhesin sequences were observed in the M. hyopneumoniae strains, and all of these were potentially related to pathogenicity. Genomic comparisons revealed that reduction in genome size implied loss of redundant metabolic pathways, with maintenance of alternative routes in different species. Horizontal gene transfer was consistently observed between M. synoviae and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Our analyses indicated a likely transfer event of hemagglutinin-coding DNA sequences from M. gallisepticum to M. synoviae.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9500, Prédio 43421, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ana Tereza R
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Henrique B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Cristiano V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Bizarro
authors.forename: Sandro L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Bonatto
authors.forename: Marcos O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Carvalho
authors.forename: Paulo M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Darcy F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Luiz G P
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Rosana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Almeida
authors.forename: Leonardo
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authors.lastname: Alves-Filho
authors.forename: Enedina N
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authors.lastname: Assunção
authors.forename: Vasco A C
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Maurício R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bogo
authors.forename: Marcelo M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Brigido
authors.forename: Marcelo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brocchi
authors.forename: Helio A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Burity
authors.forename: Anamaria A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Sandro S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Camargo
authors.forename: Marta S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Carepo
authors.forename: Dirce M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Júlio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Mattos Cascardo
authors.forename: Luiza A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Gisele
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authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: Gustavo
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authors.lastname: Chemale
authors.forename: Rosane G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Collevatti
authors.forename: Cristina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: Bruno
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authors.lastname: Dallagiovanna
authors.forename: Bibiana P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Dambrós
authors.forename: Odir A
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authors.lastname: Dellagostin
authors.forename: Clarissa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Falcão
authors.forename: Fabiana
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authors.lastname: Fantinatti-Garboggini
authors.forename: Maria S S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Felipe
authors.forename: Laurimar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fiorentin
authors.forename: Gloria R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Nara S A
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Freitas
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Frías
authors.forename: Thalles B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Grangeiro
authors.forename: Edmundo C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Grisard
authors.forename: Claudia T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Mariangela
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authors.lastname: Hungria
authors.forename: Sílvia N
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authors.lastname: Jardim
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Jomar P
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authors.lastname: Laurino
authors.forename: Lucymara F A
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Lima
authors.forename: Maryellen I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: Elgion L S
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Loreto
authors.forename: Humberto M F
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Madeira
authors.forename: Gilson P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Manfio
authors.forename: Andrea Q
authors.initials: AQ
authors.lastname: Maranhão
authors.forename: Christyanne T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Martinkovics
authors.forename: Sílvia R B
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Medeiros
authors.forename: Miguel A M
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Márcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Neiva
authors.forename: Cicero E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ramalho-Neto
authors.forename: Marisa F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Nicolás
authors.forename: Sergio C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Roger F C
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Paixão
authors.forename: Fábio O
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Pedrosa
authors.forename: Sérgio D J
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: Maristela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Lilian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pereira-Ferrari
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Piffer
authors.forename: Luciano S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: Deise P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Potrich
authors.forename: Anna C M
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Salim
authors.forename: Fabrício R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Renata
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authors.lastname: Schmitt
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authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Augusto
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authors.lastname: Schrank
authors.forename: Irene S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Schrank
authors.forename: Adriana F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Schuck
authors.forename: Hector N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Seuanez
authors.forename: Denise W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Rosane
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Sérgio C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Célia M A
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Kelly R L
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Rangel C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: Charley C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Staats
authors.forename: Maria B R
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Steffens
authors.forename: Santuza M R
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Turan P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Urmenyi
authors.forename: Marilene H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Vainstein
authors.forename: Luciana W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Zuccherato
authors.forename: Andrew J G
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Arnaldo
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authors.lastname: Zaha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D015321:Gene Rearrangement; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D023281:Genomics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D045705:Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae / Q000235:genetics*; D045805:Mycoplasma synoviae / Q000235:genetics*; D010802:Phylogeny; D045729:Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal / Q000382:microbiology*; D011200:Poultry; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D013552:Swine