title: Dynamic ultrasonography of rotator cuff muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the neuromuscular integrity of the rotator cuff and to investigate the effect of different contraction patterns on shoulder function, we sonographically analyzed dynamic contraction patterns of this muscle group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty supra- and 50 infraspinatus muscle contraction patterns of patients with different shoulder pathologies examined with a 7.5-MHz transducer were recorded and saved as video files. Both data sets were analyzed by 3 independent observers who then assigned a grade to each contraction pattern: normal, slightly disturbed, severely disturbed, or no contraction. Intra- and inter-observer variations were calculated. In 43 patients with isolated supraspinatus tears, the clinical relation to shoulder function as measured with the Constant score was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 100 cases tested, the intraclass correlations for the 3 observers were 0.82, 0.88, and 0.88. The inter-observer reliability was 0.74. No pair of first and second readings for either the supraspinatus or infraspinatus muscle differed by more than 1 grade. In patients with a supraspinatus tear, the contraction type of the supraspinatus correlated significantly with the Constant score (p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When dynamic ultrasonography is used to assess the contraction patterns of the supra- and infraspinatus muscles, good intra- and inter-observer reliability is attained. Because a better contraction type correlates significantly with better shoulder function, this new diagnostic criterion may improve decision-making in the treatment of shoulder diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Thomas Dirk
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Boehm
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kirschner
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mueller
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.forename: Frank E
authors.initials: FE
authors.lastname: Gohlke
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D015588:Observer Variation; D017006:Rotator Cuff / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D000070636:Rotator Cuff Injuries; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D014463:Ultrasonography