title: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging-guided stenting of aortic coarctation with commercially available catheter devices in Swine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Real-time MR imaging (rtMRI) is now technically capable of guiding catheter-based cardiovascular interventions. Compared with x-ray, rtMRI offers superior tissue imaging in any orientation without ionizing radiation. Translation to clinical trials has awaited the availability of clinical-grade catheter devices that are both MRI visible and safe. We report a preclinical safety and feasibility study of rtMRI-guided stenting in a porcine model of aortic coarctation using only commercially available catheter devices.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Coarctation stenting was performed wholly under rtMRI guidance in 13 swine. rtMRI permitted procedure planning, device tracking, and accurate stent deployment. "Active" guidewires, incorporating MRI antennas, improved device visualization compared with unmodified "passive" nitinol guidewires and shortened procedure time (26+/-11 versus 106+/-42 minutes; P=0.008). Follow-up catheterization and necropsy showed accurate stent deployment, durable gradient reduction, and appropriate neointimal formation. MRI immediately identified aortic rupture when oversized devices were tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experience demonstrates preclinical safety and feasibility of rtMRI-guided aortic coarctation stenting using commercially available catheter devices. Patients may benefit from rtMRI in the future because of combined device and tissue imaging, freedom from ionizing radiation, and the ability to identify serious complications promptly.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538, USA.
authors.forename: Amish N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Raval
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Telep
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Guttman
authors.forename: Cengizhan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: William H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Schenke
authors.forename: Ranil
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: DeSilva
authors.forename: Ronnier J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Aviles
authors.forename: Venkatesh K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Raman
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Slack
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002404:Catheterization; D003199:Computer Systems; D004867:Equipment Design; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D023421:Models, Animal; D011859:Radiography; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine