title: Long-term follow-up study of radiocarpal arthrodesis for the rheumatoid wrist.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pain-free stability of the wrist is a prerequisite for the rheumatoid hand to maintain power and perform various tasks. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a radiocarpal (radiolunate, radioscapholunate, or radiolunotriquetral) arthrodesis produces a stable wrist and whether the results remain satisfactory for more than 10 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was performed on 25 wrists of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had radiocarpal arthrodesis. All patients had a synovectomy of the extensor tendons and the wrist joint combined with a Darrach procedure. The indications for radiocarpal arthrodesis included radiographic changes in Larsen-Dale-Eek grades II to IV, midcarpal joint space of greater than 1 mm, and ulnar shift or palmar subluxation of the carpus. The presence of scapholunate dissociation was an optional indication. The mean follow-up period was 13 years (range, 10-18 y) and radiographs taken just before the surgery and 0 to 2 years, 2 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years, and more than 10 years after the surgery were evaluated as were pain relief, swelling, grip power, range of motion, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain was resolved for 22 of the patients and 3 experienced occasional mild pain. Swelling generally decreased, grip power increased significantly, flexion decreased, and forearm rotation increased significantly. The complication rate was low. Radiographically ulnar shift and palmar subluxation improved initially and were maintained at the time of the 10-year follow-up evaluation; carpal collapse improved initially but returned to the preoperative level by the time of the 5-year follow-up evaluation. The midcarpal joint space was preserved in 16 wrists, and all but 1 wrist (in a patient with mutilating type of the disease) remained stable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Radiocarpal arthrodesis for treatment of the rheumatoid wrist results in good stability with preservation of motion despite radiographic progression of the disease. We therefore recommend this treatment for the unstable wrist with moderate deterioration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rheumatic Center, Niigata Prefectural Senami Hospital, Niigata, Japan. rasenami@poppy.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murasawa
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakazono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D001174:Arthrodesis / Q000379:methods*; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011859:Radiography; D011884:Radius / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000074402:Synovectomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*