title: Systematic review of economic evaluations of smoking cessation: standardizing the cost-effectiveness.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to render cost-effectiveness studies on smoking cessation therapies, utilized until now, more comparable and more useful for medical decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cost-effectiveness ratios reported by the studies were recalculated using a societal perspective and guidelines for economic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The costs of individual interventions generally increased as a result of the standardization procedure, whereas the effect size decreased. This resulted in increases in the cost-effectiveness ratios for individual studies ranging from 120% to 5600%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The variation between studies in the percentage increase in cost-effectiveness ratios is huge. This means that not following guidelines when calculating cost-effectiveness ratios can result in large errors. Despite the fact that the standardized cost-effectiveness ratios of smoking interventions were higher than the unstandardized cost-effectiveness ratios, interventions aimed at reducing the prevalence of smoking are cost-effective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Organisation, Policy and Economics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. S.Ronckers@BEOZ.unimaas.nl
authors.forename: E T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Ronckers
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Groot
authors.forename: A J H A
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ament
mesh_terms: D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000191:economics*