title: Noise and sleep disturbance factors before and after implementation of a behavioural modification programme.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine sleep disturbance factors documented by the personnel and recorded noise level during two weeks before (measurement one M1) and after (measurement two M2) the implementation of a behavioural modification programme. The behavioural modification programme included non-disturbance periods on a neurointensive care unit (NICU) in a University hospital. Sleep disturbance factors were identified as general and specific nursing care, and medical treatment documented over fourteen 24-h periods. Minimum, maximum and peak mean noise levels in dBA were recorded continuously during fourteen 24-h periods by a decibel meter. The behavioural modified programme included changing nursing and medical routines and the introduction of afternoon and night non-disturbance periods. The most disturbing documented factors at both M1 and M2 were general nursing care activities. Noise levels showed great variation at both M1 and M2. At M2 minimum and maximum noise levels varied when compared to M1. Implementation of a behavioural modification programme and non-disturbance periods co-ordinated routines resulted in reduced sleep disturbance factors and partly reduced noise levels on the NICU. Changes of the physical care/working environment, preparations before non-disturbance periods, regular evaluations of routines and education are needed to improve sleep on NICUs.
authors.affiliation: Neuro Intensive Care Unit, Reconstruction centre Linköping, University Hospital, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden. maria-monsen@swipnet.se
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Monsén
authors.forename: Ulla M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Edéll-Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D020920:Dyssomnias / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units / Q000458:organization & administration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009622:Noise / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013548:Sweden