title: The prognostic value of clinical characteristics and parameters of cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics in shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is difficult to predict which patients with symptoms and radiological signs of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) will benefit from a shunting procedure and which patients will not. Risk of this procedure is also higher in patients with NPH than in the overall population of hydrocephalic patients. The aim of this study is to investigate which clinical characteristics, CT parameters and parameters of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics could predict improvement after shunting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three consecutive patients with symptoms and radiological signs of NPH were included in a prospective study. Parameters of the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics were measured by calculation of computerised data obtained by a constant-flow lumbar infusion test. Sixty-six patients considered candidates for surgery were treated with a medium-pressure Spitz-Holter valve; in seventeen patients a shunting procedure was not considered indicated. Clinical and radiological follow-up was performed for at least one year postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The odds ratio, the sensitivity and specificity as well as the positive and negative predictive value of individual and combinations of measured parameters did not show a statistically significant relation to clinical improvement after shunting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that neither individual parameters nor combinations of measured parameters show any statistically significant relation to clinical improvement following shunting procedures in patients suspected of NPH. We suggest restricting the term normal pressure hydrocephalus to cases that improve after shunting and using the term normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome for patients suspected of NPH and for patients not improving after implantation of a proven well-functioning shunt.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. delwel@xs4all.nl
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Delwel
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: C J J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Avezaat
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015170:Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002557:Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards*; D003661:Decision Support Techniques; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006850:Hydrocephalus, Normal Pressure / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D018579:Patient Selection; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013129:Spinal Puncture / Q000379:methods; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000592:standards; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017287:Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000592:standards