title: Pullout strength of self-tapping screws inserted to different depths.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine whether the depth of insertion through the far cortex of self-tapping screws significantly affects pullout strength.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty, Synthes, 3.5-mm, self-tapping screws were inserted into synthetic bone blocks and divided into 5 groups. Group 1 had screws with their tips inserted 1 mm short of the far cortex. Group 2 had screws inserted flush with the far cortex. Groups 3, 4, and 5 had screws inserted 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm past the far cortex respectively. Pullout strength was then tested.
  
  
  METHODS
  Institutional research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pullout strength (peak force) was measured for each group and analyzed using a single factor analysis of variance-balanced incomplete block design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peak force values presented as mean +/- SD for the 5 groups were as follows: group 1 (1380 +/- 69 N), group 2 (1566 +/- 137 N), group 3 (1956 +/- 137 N), group 4 (2013 +/- 184 N), group 5 (2044 +/- 174 N). With a P < or = 0.05, it was found that groups I and II had statistically different pullout strengths than all other groups. However, there was no significant difference in pullout strength between groups 3, 4, and 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synthes self-tapping screws exhibit their highest pullout strength when inserted 1 mm past the far cortex, and there is no significant increase in pullout strength with deeper insertion depths.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akron General Medical Center, Akron, OH 44307, USA. robert_berkowitz@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berkowitz
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Njus
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vrabec
mesh_terms: D001863:Bone Screws; D004867:Equipment Design; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008954:Models, Biological; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical