title: Uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Bacterial findings and efficacy of empirical antibacterial treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess bacterial aetiology, antimicrobial susceptibility and efficacy of empirical treatment in uncomplicated urinary tract infections and to evaluate the dipstick as a diagnostic tool.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical microbiology laboratory and 17 general practice clinics in Telemark County, Norway.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 184 female patients between 15 and 65 years of age with symptoms of uncomplicated urinary tract infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Results from dipstick testing (leucocyte esterase and nitrite), bacterial culture, susceptibility patterns and efficacy of empirical antibacterial therapy on symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant bacteruria was detected in 140 (76%) of the 184 urines. The leukocyte esterase test was of little help in predicting culture-positive UTI. A positive nitrite test accurately predicted culture-positivity, while a negative result was ambiguous. The most common bacterium, E. coli, was found in 112 (80%) of the 140 positive urines and was predominantly sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100%), mecillinam (94%), nitrofurantoin (97%), trimethoprim (88%), and sulphonamide (81%), and to a lesser extent to ampicillin (72%). In 18 patients the causative bacterium was resistant to the therapeutic agent used; 7 of these returned to their GP with persisting symptoms while in 11 symptoms resolved without further treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study confirms E. coli as the predominant cause of uncomplicated UTI. Since in the majority of cases the bacterium found was susceptible to the locally preferred antimicrobials and the patients' symptoms were cured, empiric therapy is found to be an effective practice in the study area and, by inference, in others with similar antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
authors.affiliation: AS Telelab. Gulset, Skien, Norway. nils.grude@teletlab.no
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Grude
authors.forename: Yngvar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tveten
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Bjørn-Erik
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Kristiansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000560:Amdinocillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011934:Reagent Strips; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016482:Urinalysis; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000892:Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary; D011934:Reagent Strips; D009582:Nitrofurantoin; D014295:Trimethoprim; D000560:Amdinocillin