The Farnesoid X receptor: a molecular link between bile acid and lipid and glucose metabolism.
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol metabolism. They are synthesized in the liver and secreted via bile into the intestine, where they aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and dietary fat. Subsequently, bile acids return to the liver to complete their enterohepatic circulation. The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily and has emerged as a key player in the control of multiple metabolic pathways. On its activation by bile acids, FXR regulates bile acid synthesis, conjugation, and transport, as well as various aspects of lipid and glucose metabolism. This review summarizes recent advances in deciphering the role of FXR in the context of hepatic lipid and glucose homeostasis and discusses the potential of FXR as a pharmacological target for therapeutic applications.
Claudel
Thierry
T
Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. t.claudel@med.rug.nl
Staels
Bart
B
Kuipers
Folkert
F
D000818:Animals; D001647:Bile Acids and Salts / Q000378:metabolism*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated
D001647:Bile Acids and Salts; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005947:Glucose; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099150:Receptor, Farnesoid X-Activated