title: Anticholinergics in the treatment of children and adults with acute asthma: a systematic review with meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current guidelines recommend the use of a combination of inhaled beta(2) agonists and anticholinergics, particularly for patients with acute severe or life threatening asthma in the emergency setting. However, this statement is based on a relatively small number of randomised controlled trials and related systematic reviews. A review was undertaken to incorporate the more recent evidence available about the effectiveness of treatment with a combination of beta(2) agonists and anticholinergics compared with beta(2) agonists alone in the treatment of acute asthma.
  
  
  METHODS
  A search was conducted of all randomised controlled trials published before April 2005.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 32 randomised controlled trials (n = 3611 subjects) showed significant reductions in hospital admissions in both children (RR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.63 to 0.85, p = 0.0001) and adults (RR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.86, p = 0.002) treated with inhaled anticholinergic agents. Combined treatment also produced a significant increase in spirometric parameters 60-120 minutes after the last treatment in both children (SMD = -0.54; 95% CI -0.28 to -0.81, p = 0.0001) and adults (SMD = -0.36; 95% CI -0.23 to -0.49, p = 0.00001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This review strongly suggests that the addition of multiple doses of inhaled ipratropium bromide to beta(2) agonists is indicated as the standard treatment in children, adolescents, and adults with moderate to severe exacerbations of asthma in the emergency setting.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Emergencia, Hospital Central de las FF.AA, Av 8 de octubre 3020, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay. gurodrig@adinet.com.uy
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Rodrigo
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Castro-Rodriguez
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000293:Adolescent; D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002648:Child; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018680:Cholinergic Antagonists