title: Limited English proficiency and breast and cervical cancer screening in a multiethnic population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the relationship between ability to speak English and receipt of Papanicolaou tests, clinical breast examinations, and mammography in a multiethnic group of women in the United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used longitudinal data from the Study of Women Across the Nation to examine receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening among Chinese, Japanese, Hispanic, and White women who reported reading and speaking (1) only a language other than English, (2) another language more fluently than English, or (3) only English or another language and English with equal fluency. Logistic regression was used to analyze the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reading and speaking only a language other than English and reading and speaking another language more fluently than English, were significantly and negatively associated with receipt of breast and cervical cancer screening in unadjusted models. Although these findings were attenuated in adjusted models, not speaking English well or at all remained negatively associated with receipt of cancer screening.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that language barriers contribute to health disparities by impeding adequate health communication.
authors.affiliation: John H. Stroger Jr Hospital of Cook County and Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. ejacobs@rush.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: Kelly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karavolos
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rathouz
authors.forename: Timothy G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Ferris
authors.forename: Lynda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Powell
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D001213:Asian; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002140:California; D003144:Communication Barriers; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D019303:Multilingualism; D009515:New Jersey; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control*