title: Low-dose oral ferrous fumarate aggravated intestinal inflammation in rats with DSS-induced colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral ferrous iron therapy may reinforce intestinal inflammation. One possible mechanism is by catalyzing the production of reactive oxygen species. We studied the effects of low-dose oral ferrous fumarate on intestinal inflammation and plasma redox status in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: no intervention, sham gavage (distilled water), ferrous fumarate, DSS, and ferrous fumarate + DSS. Ferrous fumarate was dissolved in distilled water (0.60 mg Fe/kg per day) and administered by gavage on days 1 to 14. All rats were fed a standard diet. Colitis was induced by 5% DSS in drinking water on days 8 to 14. Rats were killed on day 16. Histologic colitis scores, fecal granulocyte marker protein, plasma malondialdehyde, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and plasma aminothiols were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSS significantly increased histologic colitis scores (P < 0.001) and fecal granulocyte marker protein (P < 0.01). Ferrous fumarate further increased histologic colitis scores (P < 0.01) in DSS-induced colitis. DSS + ferrous fumarate decreased plasma vitamin A compared with controls (P < 0.01). Otherwise, no changes were seen in plasma malondialdehyde, plasma antioxidant vitamins, or plasma aminothiols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose oral ferrous iron enhanced intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced colitis in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. kari.erichsen@helse-bergen.no
authors.forename: Kari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Erichsen
authors.forename: Anne Marita
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Milde
authors.forename: Gülen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Helgeland
authors.forename: Oddrun Anita
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Gudbrandsen
authors.forename: Rune J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Ulvik
authors.forename: Rolf K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Berge
authors.forename: Trygve
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hausken
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berstad
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D016264:Dextran Sulfate; C031621:ferrous fumarate