title: Repetitive junctional rhythm during forehead-lift surgery--a case report.
abstract: Forehead lift plastic surgery is regarded as a rather safe operation without serious cardiovascular complications. Although cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., sinus bradycardia) during such an esthetically plastic surgery have been sporadically reported in literature, repetitive junctional rhythm has not ever been recounted. In this case report, we present a 45-year-old woman who developed repetitive junctional rhythm during forehead lift plastic surgery. The possible offenders causative of the arrhythmia (e.g., oculocardiac reflex induced by repeated surgical manipulation) and the principle of perioperative management were discussed in the text.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Taichung Veterans General Hsopital and Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Yi-Ru
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Shih-Kuei
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Tzung-Chieh
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Hsiang-Ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: Chern-En
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Chiang
mesh_terms: D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012024:Reflex, Oculocardiac; D013518:Surgery, Plastic / Q000009:adverse effects*