title: Influence of crosshead speed on micro-tensile bond strength of two-step adhesive systems.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of crosshead speed on the micro-tensile bond strength of two separate adhesive systems to dentin.
  
  
  METHODS
  The systems used were the Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Medical) and the Single Bond (3M ESPE) combined with a resin composite Clearfil AP-X (Kuraray Medical). Dentin surfaces of bovine madibular incisors were primed with self-etching primer followed by air blowing for Clearfil SE Bond, or etched with phosphoric acid followed by rinsing with distilled water for Single Bond, and adhesive was applied. The resin composite was then built up in three layers and light activated. After 24 h storage in water, specimens were sectioned and trimmed to a cross-sectional area of 1 mm(2) and subjected to a micro-tensile bond-strength test. Ten samples per test group were tested at crosshead speeds of 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mm/min. Micro-tensile bond-strength values (in MPa) were calculated from the peak load at failure divided by the specimen surface area. Two-way ANOVA was performed at the 0.05 probability level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean dentin bond strength at different crosshead speeds ranged from 34.6 to 37.1MPa for Clearfil SE Bond and from 44.3 to 50.4 MPa for Single Bond. There was no significant difference among the same adhesive systems with the different crosshead speeds tested.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The influence of the crosshead speed might be negligible when measuring micro-tensile bond strengths.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Dentistry, Nihon University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kanako
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takamizawa
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsubota
authors.forename: Akitomo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rikuta
mesh_terms: D000134:Acid Etching, Dental; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D002417:Cattle; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008422:Materials Testing / Q000379:methods; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; D033081:Shear Strength; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: C112828:Clearfil AP-X; C438313:Clearfil SE Bond; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; D008689:Methacrylates; D019279:Resin Cements; C115612:single bond; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate