title: Whole-genome scan for linkage to bone strength and structure in inbred Fischer 344 and Lewis rats.
abstract: A genome-wide genetic linkage analysis identified several chromosomal regions influencing bone strength and structure in F2 progeny of Fischer 344 x Lewis inbred rats.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Inbred Fischer 344 (F344) and Lewis (LEW) rats are similar in body size, but the F344 rats have significantly lower BMD and biomechanical strength of the femur and spine compared with LEW rats. The goal of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to bone strength and structure in adult female F2 rats from F344 and LEW progenitors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The 595 F2 progeny from F344 x LEW rats were phenotyped for measures of bone strength (ultimate force [Fu]; energy to break [U]; stiffness [S]) of the femur and lumbar vertebra and structure (femur midshaft polar moment of inertia [Ip]; femur midshaft cortical area; vertebral area). A genome-wide scan was completed in the F2 rats using 118 microsatellite markers at an average interval of 20 cM. Multipoint quantitative linkage analysis was performed to identify chromosomal regions that harbor QTL for bone strength and structure phenotypes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evidence of linkage for femur and lumbar strength was observed on chromosomes (Chrs) 1, 2, 5, 10, and 19. Significant linkage for femoral structure was detected on Chrs 2, 4, 5, 7, and 15. QTLs affecting femoral strength on Chrs 2 and 5 were also found to influence femur structure. Unique QTLs on Chrs 1, 10, and 19 were found that contributed to variability in bone strength but had no significant effect on structure. Also, unique QTLs were observed on Chrs 4, 7, and 15 that affected only bone structure without any effect on biomechanics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed multiple genetic loci influencing bone strength and structure in F344 x LEW F2 rats. Some of these loci are homologous to mouse and human chromosomes previously linked to related bone phenotypes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Imranul
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alam
authors.forename: Qiwei
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Lixiang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Tonya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fishburn
authors.forename: Lucinda G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Econs
authors.forename: Tatiana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D015519:Bone Density; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000473:pathology; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005269:Femur / Q000473:pathology; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D016678:Genome; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D010641:Phenotype; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew
chemical_list: D004247:DNA