title: A sensitive flow cytometry-based cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay through detection of cleaved caspase 3 in target cells.
abstract: We describe a highly sensitive flow cytometry-based CTL assay using the cleavage of caspase 3 in target cells as a readout. The assay involved labeling of cells with a cell tracker dye and staining permeabilized cells with an antibody recognizing cleaved caspase 3. The assay proved to be robust and reliable in measuring antigen-specific CTL activity in a number of human and murine systems, including MLR, human peptide-specific T-cell responses induced in vitro, and CTL responses following immunization of mice with viral and peptide vaccines. The assay was found to yield comparable results as 51Cr-release, but with markedly higher sensitivity. When compared to detection of antigen-specific T cells via HLA tetramer/pentamer-based methods of T-cell staining in HIV gag peptide-specific human T cell lines the caspase 3 cleavage readout assay exhibited a comparable level of sensitivity with detection of CTL function at antigen-specific T-cell frequencies of 1:15,000 or lower. A similar level of sensitivity was obtained when murine CTL assays were performed with MLR in which effector cells were highly diluted with naïve syngeneic spleen cells. Our results indicate that the caspase 3 cleavage assay may be a powerful tool to measure antigen-specific CTL responses in human vaccine trials and in pre-clinical animal models of CTL function at both high and low effector cell frequencies.
authors.affiliation: Immunology Platform, Aventis Pasteur Research and Development, Connaught Campus Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2R 3T4.
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jalil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hakimi
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Salha
authors.forename: Ioana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miron
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Radvanyi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic / Q000379:methods*; D004123:Dimethylamines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000379:methods*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D002860:Chromium Radioisotopes; D004123:Dimethylamines; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D006680:HLA Antigens; C014518:dodecyldimethylamine oxide; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases