title: Activity-dependent subcellular localization of NAC1.
abstract: The expression of the transcriptional regulator NAC1 is increased in the nucleus accumbens of rats withdrawn from cocaine self-administration, and in vivo studies indicate that the up-regulation is a compensatory mechanism opposing the acute effects of cocaine. Both mammalian two-hybrid assay and punctate localization largely in the nucleus suggest NAC1 is a transcriptional regulator. However, in this report it is shown that in differentiated PC12 and Neuro2A cells, as well as in primary cortical neurons, NAC1 is diffusely expressed not only in the cell nucleus but also in cytoplasm. Blockade of spontaneous electrical activity by tetrodotoxin prevented the diffuse expression of NAC1, and depolarization with high potassium concentrations induced diffuse cellular localization in non-differentiating cells. The use of protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and activator, as well as the systematic mutation of potential PKC phosphorylation sites in NAC1, demonstrated that phosphorylation of residue S245 by PKC is a necessary event inducing diffuse NAC1 expression outside of the nucleus. These observations indicate a potential non-transcriptional role for NAC1 in the brain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Laxman
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Korutla
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Champtiaux
authors.forename: Hao-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klugmann
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Klugman
authors.forename: Peter W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Kalivas
authors.forename: Scott A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mackler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002452:Cell Count / Q000379:methods; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000166:cytology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000379:methods; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D008301:Maleimides / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000502:physiology; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009447:Neuroblastoma; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D008301:Maleimides; C108190:Nacc1 protein, rat; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D011725:Pyridines; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C402795:SYTOX Green; C431843:tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; C007293:DAPI; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D011493:Protein Kinase C; C088060:bisindolylmaleimide