title: Arsenite-induced alterations of DNA photodamage repair and apoptosis after solar-simulation UVR in mouse keratinocytes in vitro.
abstract: Our laboratory has shown that arsenite markedly increased the cancer rate caused by solar-simulation ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the hairless mouse skin model. In the present study, we investigated how arsenite affected DNA photodamage repair and apoptosis after solar-simulation UVR in the mouse keratinocyte cell line 291.03C. The keratinocytes were treated with different concentrations of sodium arsenite (0.0, 2.5, 5.0 microM) for 24 hr and then were immediately irradiated with a single dose of 0.30 kJ/m2 UVR. At 24 hr after UVR, DNA photoproducts [cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts (6-4PPs)] and apoptosis were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the two-color TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotide transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay, respectively. The results showed that arsenite reduced the repair rate of 6-4PPs by about a factor of 2 at 5.0 microM and had no effect at 2.5 microM. UVR-induced apoptosis at 24 hr was decreased by 22.64% at 2.5 microM arsenite and by 61.90% at 5.0 microM arsenite. Arsenite decreased the UVR-induced caspase-3/7 activity in parallel with the inhibition of apoptosis. Colony survival assays of the 291.03C cells demonstrate a median lethal concentration (LC50) of arsenite of 0.9 microM and a median lethal dose (LD50) of UVR of 0.05 kJ/m2. If the present results are applicable in vivo, inhibition of UVR-induced apoptosis may contribute to arsenite's enhancement of UVR-induced skin carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: New York University School of Medicine, Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, and New York University Cancer Institute, Tuxedo, New York 10987, USA.
authors.forename: Feng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Fredric J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Burns
authors.forename: Ronghe
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ahmed N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Uddin
authors.forename: Toby G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Rossman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D018053:Arsenites / Q000633:toxicity*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000187:drug effects*; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D017670:Sodium Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D018053:Arsenites; D011740:Pyrimidine Dimers; D017670:Sodium Compounds; C017947:sodium arsenite