title: Associations of leisure time physical activity, self-rated physical fitness, and estimated aerobic fitness with serum C-reactive protein among 3,803 adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation, is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Obesity and physical activity are associated with CRP, though population studies are sparse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed the cross-sectional relationship of physical activity, self-rated fitness and estimated aerobic fitness with serum CRP among a population-based random sample of 3,803 Finnish adults aged 25-74 years. Conditioning, commuting and non-conditioning physical activity was measured by a recall and self-rated physical fitness by a questionnaire. A non-exercise test was used to estimate aerobic fitness. The combined association of aerobic fitness and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) on CRP was also assessed. Self-rated fitness and aerobic fitness had inverse associations with CRP (adjusted for age, WHR, smoking, anti-hypertensive drugs, aspirin, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hormone replacement therapy and menopausal status) in both sexes (p < 0.001). An inverse age-adjusted association of conditioning and non-conditioning physical activity with CRP was found in both sexes. After further adjustments, associations remained significant in women for conditioning and non-conditioning activity (p < 0.001 and p = 0.010, respectively) and borderline significant in men (p = 0.074 and p = 0.070, respectively). Commuting physical activity was inversely associated with CRP among women only (p = 0.012).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Physical activity and fitness may have an anti-inflammatory effect, which is independent of obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. katja.borodulin@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Borodulin
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Laatikainen
authors.forename: Veikko
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Salomaa
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jousilahti
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D002097:C-Reactive Protein