title: Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms are associated with estradiol levels in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Postmenopausal estradiol (E(2)) levels vary widely between individuals and this variation is an important determinant of diseases such as osteoporosis. It has been suggested that the estrogen receptor alpha (ESR1) gene may influence peripheral E(2) levels, but the role of common sequence variations in the ESR1 gene is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 631 postmenopausal women and 528 men from the Rotterdam Study, a population-based, prospective cohort study of individuals aged 55 years and over, ESR1 PvuII-XbaI haplotypes were determined and correlated with plasma E2 levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In women, haplotype 1 (T-A) was significantly associated with an allele-dose-dependent decrease in E(2). After adjusting for age, body mass index, years since menopause and testosterone levels, plasma E(2) levels decreased by 1.90 pmol/l per allele copy of this haplotype (P < 0.05). Extreme genotypes, representing 23 and 27% of the population, varied by 3.93 pmol/l. No association with plasma testosterone was observed. In a subset of 446 women, no association of genotype with plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione or estrone was seen. In men, none of the sex hormone levels was associated with the ESR1 PvuII-XbaI haplotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have demonstrated a role for genetic variations in the ESR1 gene in determining post-menopausal E(2) levels in women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Stephanie C E
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schuit
authors.forename: Frank H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Lisette
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.forename: W Nadia H
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Koek
authors.forename: Joyce B J
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Meurs
authors.forename: Mariette W C J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Schoofs
authors.forename: M Carola
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Zillikens
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: Johannes P T M
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Huibert A P
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Pols
authors.forename: André G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Uitterlinden
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood*; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D004958:Estradiol