title: Characterisation of indomethacin and nifedipine using variable-temperature solid-state NMR.
abstract: We have characterised the stable polymorphic forms of two drug molecules, indomethacin (1) and nifedipine (2) by 13C CPMAS NMR and the resonances have been assigned. The signal for the C-Cl carbon of indomethacin has been studied as a function of applied magnetic field, and the observed bandshapes have been simulated. Variable-temperature 1H relaxation measurements of static samples have revealed a T1rho minimum for indomethacin at 17.8 degrees C. The associated activation energy is 38 kJ mol(-1). The relevant motion is probably an internal rotation and it is suggested that this involves the C-OCH3 group. Since the two drug compounds are potential candidates for formulation in the amorphous state, we have examined quench-cooled melts in detail by variable-temperature 13C and 1H NMR. There is a change in slope for T1H and T1rhoH at the glass transition temperature (Tg) for indomethacin, but this occurs a few degrees below Tg for nifedipine, which is perhaps relevant to the lower real-time stability of the amorphous form for the latter compound. Comparison of relaxation time data for the crystalline and amorphous forms of each compound reveals a greater difference for nifedipine than for indomethacin, which again probably relates to real-time stabilities. Recrystallisation of the two drugs has been followed by proton bandshape measurements at higher temperatures. It is shown that, under the conditions of the experiments, recrystallisation of nifedipine can be detected already at 70 degrees C, whereas this does not occur until 110 degrees C for indomethacin. The effect of crushing the amorphous samples has been studied by 13C NMR; nifedipine recrystallises but indomethacin does not. The results were supported by DSC, powder XRD, FTIR and solution-state NMR measurements.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Apperley
authors.forename: Angus H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Romain
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fournier
authors.forename: Robin K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hodgkinson
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rades
mesh_terms: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000737:chemistry*; D011522:Protons; D012015:Reference Standards; D013696:Temperature; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D011522:Protons; D009543:Nifedipine; D007213:Indomethacin