Condensin binding at distinct and specific chromosomal sites in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome.
Mitotic chromosome condensation is chiefly driven by the condensin complex. The specific recognition (targeting) of chromosomal sites by condensin is an important component of its in vivo activity. We previously identified the rRNA gene cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an important condensin-binding site, but both genetic and cell biology data suggested that condensin also acts elsewhere. In order to characterize the genomic distribution of condensin-binding sites and to assess the specificity of condensin targeting, we analyzed condensin-bound sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation and hybridization to whole-genome microarrays. The genomic condensin-binding map shows preferential binding sites over the length of every chromosome. This analysis and quantitative PCR validation confirmed condensin-occupied sites across the genome and in the specialized chromatin regions: near centromeres and telomeres and in heterochromatic regions. Condensin sites were also enriched in the zones of converging DNA replication. Comparison of condensin binding in cells arrested in G(1) and mitosis revealed a cell cycle dependence of condensin binding at some sites. In mitotic cells, condensin was depleted at some sites while enriched at rRNA gene cluster, subtelomeric, and pericentromeric regions.
Wang
Bi-Dar
BD
Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Eyre
David
D
Basrai
Munira
M
Lichten
Michael
M
Strunnikov
Alexander
A
D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015825:Chromosomes, Fungal; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D016681:Genome, Fungal; D005838:Genotype; D008938:Mitosis; D008957:Models, Genetic; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D009711:Nucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D011485:Protein Binding; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000378:metabolism; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D013045:Species Specificity
D002843:Chromatin; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D009711:Nucleotides; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; C108312:condensin complexes; D004247:DNA; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases