title: Shear bond strength of five porcelain repair systems on cerec porcelain.
abstract: The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the shear bond strength of composite resin bonded to Cerec Vitablocs Mark II porcelain with four different porcelain repair systems. The systems evaluated in this study were Scotchbond/ RelyX Primer (S/ 3M), Ultradent Porcelain Repair Kit (U, Ultradent), Vivadent Ceramic Repair Kit (V, Vivadent) and Prime & Bond NT/ Calibra Silane Coupling Agent (P, Dentsply). Seventy five Cerec Vitablocks Mark II porcelain were embedded in metal rings, leaving 7 mm of porcelain exposed above the ring surface. Samples were ground wet on 400 grit SiC paper to roughen the surface and then screened for surface defects. The five porcelain repair agents were applied according to manufacturers' instructions and matching composite stubbs, then bonded onto 15 treated porcelain surfaces, using an Ultradent mould with a diameter of 2,38 mm. All samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37 degrees C before the bonds were stressed to failure, using a shear load in a Texture Analyser (TAXT2i) (Stable Micro Systems) Data was analyzed statistically (ANOVA). The effects of the pretreatments on the porcelain surfaces after treatment with the different systems were examined in a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the modes of fracture were assessed under a light microscope. The mean SBS (MPa) for the products in descending order were: U = 26.6 1.7; V = 20.9 3.4; C = 19.4 5.3; S = 18.0 2.0 and P = 15.9 2.1. The Student-t Test revealed a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean shear bond strengths of P and U. There was also a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between the mean shear bond strengths of P and V. Most debonded specimens showed cohesive fractures in the porcelain. Significant shear bond strength differences were observed for the different repair systems. All the systems tested can probably be used to repair Cerec Vitablocs Mark II porcelain, with some systems providing higher bond strengths.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pretoria.
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: van der Vyver
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: de Wet
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Botha
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D002516:Ceramics / Q000737:chemistry*; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D017269:Dental Prosthesis Repair; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D006801:Humans; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011140:Polyurethanes / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry; D033081:Shear Strength; D012821:Silanes / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C433205:Calibra; C029012:Composite Dental Resin; D003188:Composite Resins; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011140:Polyurethanes; C425843:Prime and Bond NT; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; D012821:Silanes; C092419:Ultradent Porcelain Etch; C513703:Vivadent; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C074543:Cerec; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; C041330:Scotchbond; D006858:Hydrofluoric Acid