title: Okadaic acid, a causative toxin of diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, in green-lipped mussels Perna viridis from Hong Kong fish culture zones: method development and monitoring.
abstract: Green-lipped mussels (Perna viridis) were collected from seven fish culture zones (FCZs) in Hong Kong and analyzed for okadaic acid (OA). A conventional HPLC method was modified by incorporating a proteinase K digestion step. Results suggest that a higher recovery (2.5 times higher) of OA was obtained from spiked samples after the addition of 1.08 mg proteinase K in comparison with samples incubated without the proteolytic enzyme. For the hepatopancreas (HP) of individual field-collected mussels, the additional digestion step can enhance OA extraction by 3.1 times. Spatial and temporal variations in OA concentrations in the mussels from various FCZs were investigated. The highest concentration of OA in mussel HP samples was 1164.9 ng/g HP wet wt. With respect to OA concentrations in whole mussel tissues from seven sites and four seasonal samplings, the concentrations were between 70.0 and 131.0 ng/g wet wt., which did not exceed the generally recognized international regulatory criteria (>200 ng/g) for OA.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Coastal Pollution and Conservation, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
authors.forename: Kylie C Y
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Xiaoyun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Michael H W
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Rudolf S S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Patsy S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Paul K S
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Lam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D019286:Endopeptidase K / Q000737:chemistry; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005843:Geography; D043143:Hepatopancreas / Q000737:chemistry; D006723:Hong Kong; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D012621:Seasons
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D019286:Endopeptidase K