Peripheral nerve blocks for perioperative management of patients having orthopedic surgery or trauma of the lower extremity.
Over the past decade several developments have lead to an increased interest in lower extremity PNBs including transient neurologic symptoms associated with spinal anesthesia, increased risk of epidural hematoma with the introduction of new antithromboembolic prophylaxis regimens, and evidence of improved rehabilitation outcome with continuous lower extremity PNBs. Simultaneously, the field of lower extremity blockade has been revolutionized through our better understanding of functional regional anesthesia anatomy, introduction of new drugs, better and more sophisticated equipment and wider teaching of lower extremity nerve block techniques. This review focuses on techniques and applications of lower extremity nerve blocks in patients having orthopedic surgery or trauma of the lower extremity, as well as potential complications and means to avoid them.
Iwata
Takashige
T
The Department of Anesthesiology, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA.
Lakshman
Sundaram
S
Singh
Alpana
A
Yufa
Marina
M
Claudio
Rich
R
Hadzić
Admir
A
D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000294:innervation; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000601:surgery*; D009407:Nerve Block; D019637:Orthopedic Procedures; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D010525:Peripheral Nerves
D000779:Anesthetics, Local