title: Relationships among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA adducts, proximity to the World Trade Center, and effects on fetal growth.
abstract: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic pollutants released by the World Trade Center (WTC) fires and various urban combustion sources. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a representative member of the class of PAHs. PAH-DNA adducts, or BaP-DNA adducts as their proxy, provide a measure of chemical-specific genetic damage that has been associated with increased risk of adverse birth outcomes and cancer. To learn whether PAHs from the WTC disaster increased levels of genetic damage in pregnant women and their newborns, we analyzed BaP-DNA adducts in maternal (n = 170) and umbilical cord blood (n = 203) obtained at delivery from nonsmoking women who were pregnant on 11 September 2001 and were enrolled at delivery at three downtown Manhattan hospitals. The mean adduct levels in cord and maternal blood were highest among newborns and mothers who resided within 1 mi of the WTC site during the month after 11 September, intermediate among those who worked but did not live within this area, and lowest in those who neither worked nor lived within 1 mi (reference group). Among newborns of mothers living within 1 mi of the WTC site during this period, levels of cord blood adducts were inversely correlated with linear distance from the WTC site (p = 0.02). To learn whether PAHs from the WTC disaster may have affected birth outcomes, we analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and DNA adducts in umbilical cord blood, excluding preterm births to reduce variability. There were no independent fetal growth effects of either PAH-DNA adducts or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), but adducts in combination with in utero exposure to ETS were associated with decreased fetal growth. Specifically, a doubling of adducts among ETS-exposed subjects corresponded to an estimated average 276-g (8%) reduction in birth weight (p = 0.03) and a 1.3-cm (3%) reduction in head circumference (p = 0.04). The findings suggest that exposure to elevated levels of PAHs, indicated by PAH-DNA adducts in cord blood, may have contributed to reduced fetal growth in women exposed to the WTC event.
authors.affiliation: Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA. fpp1@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Frederica P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Deliang
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rauh
authors.forename: Kristin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lester
authors.forename: Wei Yann
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yi Hsuan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Lori
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoepner
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Priore
authors.forename: Sally Ann
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D018736:DNA Adducts / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry; D047109:Fetal Development; D006257:Head / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D009518:New York; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D018736:DNA Adducts; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C056612:benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct; D001564:Benzo(a)pyrene; D004247:DNA