Neurobiology of early psychosis.
BACKGROUND
Neurobiological studies of the early course of psychoses, such as schizophrenia, allow investigation of pathophysiology without the confounds of illness chronicity and treatment.


OBJECTIVE
To review the recent literature on the biology of the early course of psychoses.


METHODS
We carried out a critical appraisal of the recent findings in the neurobiology of early psychoses, using structural, functional and neurochemical imaging techniques.


RESULTS
Brain structural alterations are present early in the illness and may predate symptom onset. Some changes, notably those in frontal and temporal lobes, can progress during the early phases of the illness. Functional and neurochemical brain abnormalities can also be seen in the premorbid and the early phases of the illness. Some, although not all, changes can be trait-like whereas some others might progress during the early years.


CONCLUSIONS
A better understanding of such changes, especially during the critical periods of the prodrome, around the transition to the psychotic phase and during the early phases of the illness is crucial for continued research into preventive intervention strategies.
Keshavan
Matcheri S
MS
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, UCH 9B, 4201 St Antoine Boulevard, Detroit, MI, USA. mkeshava@med.wayne.edu
Berger
Gregor
G
Zipursky
Robert B
RB
Wood
Stephen J
SJ
Pantelis
Christos
C
D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000473:pathology*