title: Gender differences in the presentation and management of acute coronary syndromes: a national sample of 1365 admissions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender differences in presentation and management of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are well established internationally. This study investigated differences in a national Irish sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  All centres (n=39) admitting cardiac patients to intensive/coronary care provided information on 25 consecutive acute myocardial infarction patients and other ACS patients admitted concurrently (n=1365 episodes). Patient data was analyzed in terms of those with prior ACS/revascularization, and those without.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Men with prior established ACS/revascularization were twice as likely to have received revascularization procedures (coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention) prior to admission when controlling for age, total cholesterol and insurance status [odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-3.29, P=0.011]. No gender differences were seen in acute-phase reperfusion (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.76-1.24, P>0.05) or antiplatelet therapy (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.69-1.41, P>0.05). For patients with prior ACS/revascularization, men were twice as likely to receive statins on discharge after adjustment for age and total cholesterol (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.02-3.71, P=0.045).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Women were treated differently to men. Fewer women with a positive history of ACS received revascularization prior to current admission and fewer women were prescribed lipid-lowering medications on discharge. Acute phase hospital treatment was not gender determined. These findings have implications for secondary prevention in Ireland.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. fdoyle4@rcsi.ie
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doyle
authors.forename: Davida
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De La Harpe
authors.forename: Hannah
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McGee
authors.forename: Emer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Shelley
authors.forename: Ronán
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conroy
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007348:Insurance, Health; D007494:Ireland / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D015425:Myocardial Reperfusion; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012737:Sex Factors; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D002784:Cholesterol