title: Diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis from self-obtained vaginal swabs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the concordance between vaginal fluid Gram stains and pH obtained at speculum exam with similar stains and pH prepared from self-obtained vaginal swabs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using vaginal fluid Gram stain, 129 pregnant women were screened for bacterial vaginosis at 24 to 29 weeks' gestation. Two smears were collected from each woman during the same prenatal visit: the first was prepared from a self-obtained vaginal swab and the second from a physician-obtained speculum examination. Vaginal pH was recorded for each swab. Kappa coefficient was used to quantify agreement between the two sets of results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When compared with the physician-obtained smear, the ability of the self-obtained Gram stain to diagnose bacterial vaginosis had a sensitivity of 77%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 71% and negative predictive value of 97%. There was substantial agreement (weighted kappa=0.82) between the two techniques in the ability to determine the grade of vaginal flora.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When compared with physician-obtained vaginal smears, self-obtained smears have substantial agreement in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. Robert_Strauss@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eucker
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Savitz
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Thorp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005840:Gentian Violet; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D010619:Phenazines; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000379:methods*; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis*
chemical_list: C035863:Gram's stain; D010619:Phenazines; D005840:Gentian Violet