title: Topical delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin with surface-charged flexible liposomes.
abstract: To increase topical delivery of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), cationic, neutral, and anionic flexible liposomes (cFlexosome, nFlexosome, and aFlexosome) were prepared. The effects of surface charge of Flexosome on physicochemical properties and skin penetration of LMWH were also investigated. Among the different formulations of Flexosome, cFlexosome demonstrated three-times higher entrapment efficiency of LMWH, and better physicochemical stability than nFlexosome and aFlexosome. In vitro skin penetration and in vivo localization into the deeper skin layer of LMWH were significantly greater from cFlexosome compared to other formulations. Changes of skin surface charge after LMWH-cFlexosome application were investigated as a function of time. In the process of skin penetration, the Flexosomes act as drug carrier with the associated LMWH. Overall, macromolecular LMWH could be delivered deeply into the skin by topical application of cFlexosome for the treatment of superficial thrombosis, subcutaneous wounds, bruise, and burns.
authors.affiliation: National Research Lab for Drug and Gene Delivery, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, South Korea.
authors.forename: Yun-Kyoung
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Chong-Kook
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005260:Female; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015394:Molecular Structure; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D004337:Drug Carriers; D006495:Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; D008081:Liposomes