title: Statins prevent NF-kappaB transactivation independently of the IKK-pathway in human endothelial cells.
abstract: Statins have been linked to a wide range of vascular benefits, many of them are likely to be due to attenuation of chronic vascular inflammation. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is one of the key regulators of transcription of a variety of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses. Therefore, we investigated the effect of statins on TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB signaling in human endothelial cells (EC). ECs were pre-incubated for 16 h with cerivastatin (10(-9) to 10(-7) M) or vehicle in the presence or absence of mevalonate, followed by stimulation with 20 ng/ml TNF-alpha. Statin-treatment prevented TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB binding activity, nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB p65 subunit, as well as NF-kappaB controlled tissue factor (TF) gene transcription in cultured EC. IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and IkappaBalpha degradation, however, still occurred in statin-treated cells. TNF-alpha also activated phosphatidylinositol (PI)3-kinase, as reflected by phosphorylation of Akt. Statin treatment of cells abrogated TNF-alpha-induced Akt phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation. As observed with statins, inhibition of PI3-kinase activity by Ly294002 also blocked TNF-alpha-induced p65 translocation, but did not prevent IkappaBalpha phosphorylation nor IkappaBalpha degradation. These studies demonstrate that TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation is abrogated by statin treatment in HUVEC independently of the classical IKK-pathway but via inhibition of PI3-kinase/Akt signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Giessen, Klinikstrasse 36, D-35392 Giessen, Germany.
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hölschermann
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Behnoush
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Parviz
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Haberbosch
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tillmanns
authors.forename: Heidrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Muth
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008798:Mevalonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013925:Thromboplastin / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D014178:Translocation, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; C083487:I kappa B beta protein; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011725:Pyridines; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013925:Thromboplastin; C086276:cerivastatin; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D051550:I-kappa B Kinase; D008798:Mevalonic Acid