title: Optimal diabetes management during medical weight loss for cardiovascular risk reduction.
abstract: Obesity has long been recognized as a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Both obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk. As cardiovascular disease continues to be the number one killer in the USA and western adult populations, the rise in prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes is alarming. This is especially disturbing in the tripling of overweight children and adolescents, accompanied by the increase in prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes. Optimal strategies for long-term diabetes management aim at effectively controlling, reducing and ultimately preventing obesity. This review explores the clinical recommendations in place, new clinical investigations, diet therapy, medical nutrition therapy, meal replacements, behavior therapy, exercise therapy, pharmacotherapy and surgical therapy as strategies to achieve weight-loss success in diabetic patients and ultimately reduce cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Beaumont Health Center, Weight Control Center, Division of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, 4949 Coolidge Highway, Royal Oak, MI 48073-1026, USA. KNori@Beaumont.edu
authors.forename: Katherine E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Nori Janosz
authors.forename: Wendy M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Odom
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lillystone
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: McCullough
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000628:therapy*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D004032:Diet; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D015431:Weight Loss