title: Review article: extraoesophageal manifestations of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.
abstract: Although recent studies suggest that gastro-oesophageal reflux disease may frequently contribute to ear, nose and throat and respiratory diseases, the cause-and-effect relationship is far from proven. The review will address this controversial topic emphasizing recent literature raising concerns about the credibility of this association and our tests to make this diagnosis. The author believes these extraoesophageal symptoms suspected to be secondary to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease are an unresolved issue, but selective use of aggressive proton-pump inhibitor therapeutic trials may help to resolve this problem in our individual patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. jrichter@temple.edu
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Richter
mesh_terms: D004947:Esophagus / Q000503:physiopathology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D010038:Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D010614:Pharynx / Q000503:physiopathology; D015995:Prevalence; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology