title: The effect of chilling on membrane lipid phase transition in human oocytes and zygotes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chilling injury occurs when the cell membrane undergoes a transition from the liquid state to the gel state. Human oocytes and single-cell zygotes are of similar shape and size but the post-thawing survival rate of oocytes is poorer. We set out to investigate the possible difference in membrane lipid phase transition (LPT) temperature between the two cell types.
  
  
  METHODS
  The LPT temperature was measured with a Fourier Transform Infrared analyser, which detects the change in the vibration frequency of the CH2 bond stretches of the membrane lipid molecules during temperature change. The LPT temperatures of unfertilized human oocytes, in vitro-matured oocytes, and immature germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were compared with that of abnormally fertilized human zygotes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The LPT temperatures of zygotes and of mature and immature GV oocytes differ significantly from each other (10.0 +/- 1.2, 16.9 +/- 0.9 and 24.4 +/- 1.6 degrees C respectively; P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Zygotes show a higher resistance to chilling injury compared to oocytes at different developmental stages; this might explain the relatively poor survival rates of cryopreserved human oocytes and indicates the necessity to adjust the cryopreservation protocols in order to minimize cryoinjury.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
authors.forename: Yehudith
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ghetler
authors.forename: Saar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yavin
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shalgi
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arav
mesh_terms: D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D046149:Embryo Culture Techniques; D005306:Fertilization; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000737:chemistry; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015053:Zygote / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D010743:Phospholipids