title: Endogenous interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor alpha, contributes to the development of toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88-mediated acute arthritis in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To generate a mouse model of reactive arthritis (ReA), an aseptic synovitis that develops in joints distant from the primary bacterial infection site, to examine roles for Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that recognize bacterial components involved in the development of this arthritis, and to identify the cytokine(s) relevant to this arthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice were treated with cell wall extract from Escherichia coli (ECW) gram-negative bacterium by injection into the footpads. Seven days later, the mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a TLR-4 ligand, which was injected into the knee joint cavity. To investigate the cytokine(s) involved in this arthritis, mice deficient in various arthritogenic cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-18, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), were sequentially treated with ECW and LPS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ECW-primed mice manifested acute severe arthritis after intraarticular challenge with ECW or LPS, while unprimed mice exhibited modest changes after these challenges. Mutant mice lacking functional TLR-4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), an adaptor molecule of TLR-4 signaling, were resistant to this arthritis. Although both TNFalpha and IL-6 were equally expressed in the joint after LPS challenge, Il6(-/-) mice, but not Tnf(-/-) mice, were resistant to ECW/LPS-induced arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our present results clearly indicate the importance of priming with ECW and the requirement of TLR-4/MyD88-mediated IL-6, but not TNFalpha, for the development of ECW/LPS-induced arthritis. LPS-induced IL-6, in the absence of TNFalpha, mediates LPS-induced arthritis. These results suggest that IL-6 is a rational target for therapeutic regimens for inflammatory arthritis, including ReA and rheumatoid arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumiyasu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kyo
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Futani
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Keishi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Hiroomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tateishi
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsutsui
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000818:Animals; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism*; D001168:Arthritis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D002457:Cell Extracts; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000737:chemistry; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D002457:Cell Extracts; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C493487:Tlr4 protein, mouse; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma