title: Automated border detection on contrast enhanced echocardiographic images.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) is of paramount importance in the evaluation of patients with cardiovascular disease. Quantitative techniques for the automated calculation of EF exist however, the robustness of these techniques is dependent on adequate endocardial border definition and therefore are difficult to use in patients with limited images. We sought to combine the endocardial border enhancing effects of contrast echocardiography with an automated border detection technique to provide quantitative and accurate determination of LV EF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine consecutive patients referred to nuclear cardiology for EF determination underwent radionuclide angiography followed by echocardiographic imaging using prototype software that allowed automated border detection during contrast infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adequate LV cavity opacification with contrast was possible in 38/39 patients. The mean radionuclide EF was 50+/-16% (range 19-73). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean nuclear EF and averaged echocardiographically determined EF (51+/-18%). The mean bias was 0.6 with limits of agreement that were +15 and -14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that prototype software successfully tracked the contrast enhanced endocardial border allowing accurate calculation of LV EF.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC 5084, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Kirkpatrick
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Savitri E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Fedson
authors.forename: Allen S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bednarz
authors.forename: Kirk T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Spencer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004452:Echocardiography; D001330:Electronic Data Processing; D004699:Endocardium / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D015646:Ventriculography, First-Pass