title: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein in lacrimal gland and in tears of healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the expression of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a novel antimicrobial molecule, in the main lacrimal gland and its content in tears of young healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  BPI concentration of tears was measured in 42 healthy volunteers, 13 men and 29 women, with ages ranging from 22 to 30 (mean 24.7+/-2.1) years by a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR-FIA). Immunohistochemical analysis was made to localize BPI in lacrimal gland and conjunctiva of eight autopsied subjects, two men and six women, with the age range from 44 to 87 (mean 72.3+/-14.9) years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean concentration of BPI in tears was 27.8+/-29.5 microg/l, and it decreased with an increase in tear flow rate (P<0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in BPI content of tears between the genders. BPI was immunohistochemically seen in outer basal epithelial cells of intralobular and excretory ducts, squamous and basal cells of conjunctiva as well as faintly in myoepithelial cell layer of acini. The presence of BPI in the lacrimal gland and in the tear fluid was verified by Western blotting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that outer basal epithelial cells of lacrimal gland ducts contain BPI, which occurs in a relatively high concentration in tears. BPI may have a substantial antibacterial role in human tears.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Heikki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peuravuori
authors.forename: Valtteri V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: Heikki J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: Yrjö
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Collan
authors.forename: K Matti
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Saari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015200:Fluoroimmunoassay; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007765:Lacrimal Apparatus / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D001798:Blood Proteins; D005136:Eye Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; C021623:bactericidal permeability increasing protein; C042434:tear proteins