title: Superficial esophageal cancer: esophagographic findings correlated with histopathologic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively determine and evaluate the findings of superficial esophageal cancer at esophagography and to correlate the esophagographic findings with the depth of tumor invasion.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional review boards required neither their approval nor informed patient consent for this retrospective study. One hundred thirteen patients with superficial esophageal cancer who underwent esophagectomy at three institutions were included in this study. Double-contrast esophagograms were reviewed independently by two reviewers. For assessment of histopathologic findings, pathology reports were reviewed. Findings at esophagography, including morphologic type of the lesion, lesion extent, presence or absence of elevated or depressed component, margin and extent of elevated or depressed component, presence or absence of nodularity, extent of nodularity, esophageal luminal narrowing, and esophageal wall rigidity, were compared between mucosal and submucosal cancers by using chi2, Fisher exact, and independent-sample t tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 122 histopathologically proved superficial esophageal cancers in 113 patients, 100 (82%) were detected at esophagography. The most common morphologic type was the plaquelike form; 50 (50%) such lesions were depicted at esophagography. Morphologic types were significantly different between the mucosal and submucosal cancers (P < .001). Protruded and plaquelike lesions were more frequent among submucosal cancers, whereas most flat lesions were mucosal cancers. An elevated component (P < .001), a rigid esophageal wall (P < .001), and a lobulated or irregular margin of the elevated component (P = .023) were significantly more frequent among submucosal cancers. Also, total extent of the lesion (P < .001), size of the largest nodule (P < .001), and extent of nodularity (P = .036) were significantly larger in the submucosal cancers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the evaluation of patients with superficial esophageal cancer, esophagography appears to be helpful for diagnosing the tumor and differentiating mucosal from submucosal cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 388-1 Poongnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea.
authors.forename: Seung Soo
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun Kwon
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: Jae Ho
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Yong Moon
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Hyung-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Won
authors.forename: Ah Young
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Pyo Nyun
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Moon-Gyu
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soon Jin
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Byung Hee
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Soo Yil
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies