title: Folate conjugated fluorescent silica nanoparticles for labeling neoplastic cells.
abstract: We describe a novel technique of using fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) to detect over-expressed folate receptors, as typical for certain malignancies (metastatic adenocarcinoma, pituitary adenoma and others). Using Stöber's method with some modification, 135 nm size FSNPs were synthesized by a hydrolysis and co-condensation reaction of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), fluorescein labeled (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS) and a water-dispersible silane reagent, (3-trihydroxysilyl)propyl methylphosphonate (THPMP) in the presence of ammonium hydroxide catalyst. Folic acid (folate) was covalently attached to the amine modified FSNPs by a carbodiimide coupling reaction. The characterization of folate-FSNPs was performed using a variety of spectroscopic (UV-VIS and fluorescence), microscopic (transmission electron microscopy, TEM) and light scattering techniques. Folate conjugated FSNPs were then targeted to human squamous cancer cells (SCC-9). Laser scanning confocal images successfully demonstrated the labeling of SCC-9 cells and the efficacy of FSNP based detection system.
authors.affiliation: Particle Engineering Research Center University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: Swadeshmukul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Santra
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liesenfeld
authors.forename: Debamitra
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dutta
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chatel
authors.forename: Christopher D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Batich
authors.forename: Weihong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Brij M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Moudgil
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Mericle
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible / Q000737:chemistry; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008422:Materials Testing; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*; D043942:Nanotubes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D010316:Particle Size; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000737:chemistry; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D020099:Coated Materials, Biocompatible; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D058973:Folate Receptors, GPI-Anchored; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D005492:Folic Acid; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate