title: Spatial variation in the degradation rate of the pesticides isoproturon, azoxystrobin and diflufenican in soil and its relationship with chemical and microbial properties.
abstract: The extent of within field variability in the degradation rate of the pesticides isoproturon, azoxystrobin and diflufenican, and the role of intrinsic soil factors and technical errors in contributing to the variability, was investigated in sites on sandy-loam and clay-loam. At each site, 40 topsoil samples were taken from a 160 x 60 m area, and pesticides applied in the laboratory. Time to 25% dissipation (DT25) ranged between 13 and 61 weeks for diflufenican, 5.6 and 17.2 weeks for azoxystrobin, and 0.3 and 12.5 weeks for isoproturon. Variability in DT25 was higher in the sandy-loam in which there was also greatest variability in soil chemical and microbial properties. Technical error associated with pesticide extraction, analysis and lack of model fit during derivation of DT25 accounted for between 5.3 and 25.8% of the variability for isoproturon and azoxystrobin, but could account for almost all the variability for diflufenican. Azoxystrobin DT25, sorption and pH were significantly correlated.
authors.affiliation: Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK. gary.bending@warwick.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bending
authors.forename: Suzanne D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lincoln
authors.forename: Rodney N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Edmondson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D004739:England; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008689:Methacrylates; D009536:Niacinamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D010575:Pesticides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012987:Soil; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000073739:Strobilurins; D013997:Time Factors; D014872:Water Movements
chemical_list: D008689:Methacrylates; D010575:Pesticides; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D000073739:Strobilurins; D009536:Niacinamide; C072847:diflufenican; C028904:isoproturon; C087670:azoxystrobin