title: Toxicity of the mosquito control pesticide Scourge to adult and larval grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio).
abstract: This study investigated the toxicity of various concentrations of technical resmethrin and Scourge on adult and larval Palaemonetes pugio, a common grass shrimp species. Two types of tests were conducted for each of the resmethrin formulations using adult and larval grass shrimp life stages, a 96-h static renewal aqueous test without sediment, and a 24-h static nonrenewal aqueous test with sediment. For resmethrin, the 96-h aqueous LC50 value for adult shrimp was 0.53 microg/L (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-0.60 microg/L), and for larval shrimp was 0.35 microg/L (95% CI: 0.28-0.42 microg/L). In the presence of sediment, technical resmethrin produced a 24-h LC50 value for adult shrimp of 5.44 microg/L (95% CI: 4.52-6.55 microg/L), and for larval shrimp of 2.15 microg/L (95% CI: 1.35-3.43 microg/L). For Scourge, the 96-h aqueous LC50 for adult shrimp was 2.08 microg/L (95% CI: 1.70-2.54 microg/L), and for larval shrimp was 0.36 microg/L (95% CI: 0.24-0.55 microg/L). The 24-h sediment test yielded an LC50 value of 16.12 microg/L (95% CI: 14.79-17.57 microg/L) for adult shrimp, and 14.16 microg/L (95% CI: 12.21-16.43 microg/L) for larvae. Adjusted LC50 values to reflect the 18% resmethrin concentration in Scourge are 0.37 microg/L (adult), 0.07 microg/L (larvae) for the 96-h aqueous test, and 2.90 microg/L (adult), 2.6 microg/L (larvae) for the 24-h sediment test. Larval grass shrimp were more sensitive to technical resmethrin and Scourge than the adult life stage. The results also demonstrate that synergized resmethrin is more toxic to P. pugio than the nonsynergized form, and that the presence of sediment decreases the toxicity of both resmethrin and Scourge.
authors.affiliation: National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA. Pete.Key@noaa.gov
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeLorenzo
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gross
authors.forename: Katy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Clum
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019015:Geologic Sediments; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D033541:Palaemonidae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D010574:Pesticide Synergists / Q000633:toxicity*; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide / Q000633:toxicity*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D010574:Pesticide Synergists; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D010882:Piperonyl Butoxide; C100036:resmethrin