title: Distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms: clinical characteristics and surgical management.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aneurysms located on the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) are rare, and their underlying clinical features and surgical management are poorly understood. We report our series of 16 patients with 18 distal PICA aneurysms.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with distal PICA aneurysms were treated between March 1996 and August 2004. We excluded all PICA aneurysms that involved the vertebral artery. Patients were analysed in the light of their clinical profiles, radiological studies, intraoperative findings and outcomes. All patients underwent non-enhanced and contrast enhanced CT scans followed by 4-vessel cerebral angiography on admission. The hemorrhagic patterns on initial CT scans were assessed using the Fisher Grading Score. The outcomes were documented using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at time of discharge and at three or twelve months follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The series included 6 men and 10 women. Massive intraventricular haemorrhage was found in 13 patients with proven CT subarachnoid haemorrhage, one patient revealed SAH without intraventricular components, one presented with only intraventricular blood in the occipital horns and 3 aneurysms were found incidentally without presence of blood. Fourteen aneurysms were saccular and four were fusiform. Nine cases were associated with another cerebrovascular lesion. A lateral transcondylar or a median suboccipital approach was used to secure the aneurysms in 15 patients, either by direct clipping (14 lesions) or vessel sacrifice (3 lesions). One aneurysm was treated by an endovascular approach. At long-term follow up, an excellent or good outcome was achieved in 75% of cases. One patient died due to pre-existing cardiopulmonary complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most of our cases of ruptured distal PICA aneurysms presented with haematocephalus. These were frequently associated with another vascular abnormality and 22% were fusiform or multilobulated. These specific features require special management strategies entailing an appropriate surgical approach to the aneurysm, clipping method, haematoma removal, ventricular drainage and when suitable choice of endovascular interventions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsspital Zurich, Switzerland. borakcio@gmail.com
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Orakcioglu
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schuknecht
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Otani
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Imhof
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yonekawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002526:Cerebellar Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002532:Intracranial Aneurysm / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014854:Lateral Medullary Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014711:Vertebral Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery