Personality disorders evident by early adulthood and risk for anxiety disorders during middle adulthood.
Data from the Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation, were used to investigate the association of personality disorder (PD) traits, evident by early adulthood, with risk for development of anxiety disorders by middle adulthood. Individuals without a history of anxiety disorders who met diagnostic criteria for >or=1 PD by early adulthood were at markedly elevated risk for agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and panic disorder by middle adulthood. Antisocial, avoidant, borderline, dependent, depressive, histrionic, obsessive-compulsive, passive-aggressive, and schizotypal PD traits, evident by early adulthood, were associated with elevated risk for >or=1 anxiety disorder during middle adulthood. These associations remained significant after a history of anxiety disorder and co-occurring Axis I psychiatric disorder was controlled statistically. Findings of this study suggest that some types of PD traits that become evident by early adulthood may contribute to increased risk for the development of anxiety disorders by middle adulthood.
Johnson
Jeffrey G
JG
Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, Box 47, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA. jjohnso@pi.cpmc.columbia.edu
Cohen
Patricia
P
Kasen
Stephanie
S
Brook
Judith S
JS
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology