title: An analysis of messages about tobacco in military installation newspapers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to gauge the relative attention that tobacco control receives in military newspapers by comparing coverage of tobacco use with that of other health topics of importance to the military.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined tobacco-related articles and industry advertisements in 793 newspapers published during 1 year at 16 representative military installations (4 Air Force, 6 Army, 2 Marine, 4 Navy). Newspaper content was coded with a standardized coding manual developed through previous research.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tobacco use received the fewest instances of coverage and the least print space in military installation newspapers of all the health topics examined. The primary "message frame" used in tobacco control articles was that smokers are putting themselves at health risk, a theme that has not been found to have a strong effect on smokers. Nearly 10% of the newspapers contained tobacco advertisements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tobacco control messages are underrepresented in military installation newspapers compared with other health issues. Furthermore, military newspapers send mixed messages to military personnel by providing advertisements for tobacco while also claiming that tobacco use is harmful.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 4825 Troost Ave, Suite 124, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA. haddockc@umkc.edu
authors.forename: C Keith
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Haddock
authors.forename: L Carrie
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Walker S C
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Poston
authors.forename: Harry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lando
authors.forename: G Wayne
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Talcott
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000329:Advertising / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015706:Bibliometrics; D006266:Health Education / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D008887:Military Medicine; D009524:Newspapers as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D040241:Social Marketing; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014481:United States; D037041:United States Government Agencies