title: [Craniofacial characteristics of the Class II division 1 malocclusion patients with mouth-breating: a posteroanterior].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the craniofacial characteristics of the Class II malocclusion patients with mouth-breating by posteroanterior cephalometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  To measure craniofacial width of the 12 Class II malocclusion patients with mouth-breathing, and to compared these measures with corresponding measures in a group of normal children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The width of the maxillary base bone (J-J) was less than that in normal children significantly (P < 0.01). The mouth-breathing children's upper and lower arch width (at first molar and cuspid) were comparatively narrower, and lateronasal width (Lap-Lap) was narrower too.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mouth breathing may lead to craniofacial morphological abnormal development in craniofacial transverse structures.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Orthodontics, The Second Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650021, China.
authors.forename: Xiao-Jun
authors.initials: XJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Shuang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Wen-Hong
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003481:Cuspid; D003724:Dental Arch; D005145:Face; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II; D008437:Maxilla; D008963:Molar