title: Vasopressin antagonists in heart failure.
abstract: The recrudescence of interest in manipulation of the arginine vasopressin system and especially of V2 vasopressin receptor blockade in heart failure stems from the limited efficacy and possible detrimental effects of loop diuretics. The "braking phenomenon," hypertrophy of the collecting duct cells, and altered pharmacodynamics contribute to loop diuretic resistance in heart failure. Selective (tolvaptan) and nonselective (conivaptan) V2 vasopressin receptor antagonists now known as "vaptans" promote free-water excretion that is labeled aquaresis and correct hyponatremia in patients with severe heart failure. A large mortality study with tolvaptan in heart failure is presently ongoing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, 111 East 210th Street, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. lgolesta@montefiore.org
authors.forename: Ladan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golestaneh
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Talreja
authors.forename: Thierry H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Le Jemtel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D000077602:Tolvaptan; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D065092:Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; D001552:Benzazepines; D004232:Diuretics; C106389:conivaptan; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D000077602:Tolvaptan