title: Changes in serum levels of E-selectin correlate to improved glycaemic control and reduced obesity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Inflammation plays an essential role in the atherosclerotic process. Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) such as E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) are involved in the rolling, adhesion and extravasation of monocytes and T-lymphocytes into the atherosclerotic plaque. In the present study the effect of physical exercise and pravastatin (40 mg daily) on serum levels of CAMs and a possible role of adipose tissue in regulating serum levels of CAMs were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was designed as an unmasked randomized 2x2 factorial trial of 12 weeks duration in 32 subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Changes from baseline were studied, and correlations between changes in CAMs, anthropometric measures, regional fat distribution, glycaemic control and the adipocytokine tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and adiponectin were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant changes in CAMs were observed in any of the intervention groups. However, when examining the whole study population regardless of intervention, changes in serum E-selectin were significantly correlated to changes in body mass index (r=0.48, p=0.006), waist circumference (r=0.48, p=0.006), fasting glucose (r=0.43, p=0.02) and HbA1c (r=0.45, p=0.01), but not to changes in visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, TNF-a or adiponectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Changes in glycaemic control and obesity, rather than regional fat distribution, seem to influence the levels of E-selectin in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Clinical Research, Ullevål University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. troseid@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Trøseid
authors.forename: K T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lappegård
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Mollnes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arnesen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seljeflot
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D019040:E-Selectin; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1