Management of tropospheric ozone by reducing methane emissions.
Background concentrations of tropospheric ozone are increasing and are sensitive to methane emissions, yet methane mitigation is currently considered only for climate change. Methane control is shown here to be viable for ozone management. Identified global abatement measures can reduce approximately 10% of anthropogenic methane emissions at a cost-savings, decreasing surface ozone by 0.4-0.7 ppb. Methane controls produce ozone reductions that are widespread globally and are realized gradually (approximately 12 yr). In contrast, controls on nitrogen oxides (NOx) and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) target high-ozone episodes in polluted regions and affect ozone rapidly but have a smaller climate benefit. A coarse estimate of the monetized global benefits of ozone reductions for agriculture, forestry, and human health (neglecting ozone mortality) justifies reducing approximately 17% of global anthropogenic methane emissions. If implemented, these controls would decrease ozone by -1 ppb and radiative forcing by approximately 0.12 W m(-2). We also find that climate-motivated methane reductions have air quality-related ancillary benefits comparable to those for CO2. Air quality planning should consider reducing methane emissions alongside NOx and NMVOCs, and because the benefits of methane controls are shared internationally, industrialized nations should consider emphasizing methane in the further development of climate change or ozone policies.
West
J Jason
JJ
American Association for the Advancement of Science Environmental Fellow, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air & Radiation, NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA. jwest@princeton.edu
Fiore
Arlene M
AM
D000383:Agriculture; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001272:Atmosphere; D004777:Environment; D016468:Forestry; D017752:Greenhouse Effect; D008697:Methane / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D010126:Ozone / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011634:Public Health
D000393:Air Pollutants; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010126:Ozone; D008697:Methane