title: Effects of glucocorticoids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in children and adults.
abstract: Inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids are widely used as effective, first-line treatments for asthma and allergic rhinitis. Despite a good safety profile of these formulations, there is increasing concern about their propensity to produce systemic adverse effects. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is one of the most important potential complications. This article reviews the effects of inhaled and intranasal corticosteroids on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in adults and children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 571 South Floyd Street, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gulliver
authors.forename: Nemr
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Eid
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D009298:Nasal Polyps / Q000188:drug therapy; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000187:drug effects*; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids