title: Prader-Willi syndrome: clinical genetics, cytogenetics and molecular biology.
abstract: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that arises from lack of expression of paternally inherited genes known to be imprinted and located in the chromosome 15q11-q13 region. PWS is considered the most common syndromal cause of life-threatening obesity and is estimated at 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 individuals. A de novo paternally derived chromosome 15q11-q13 deletion is the cause of PWS in about 70% of cases, and maternal disomy 15 accounts for about 25% of cases. The remaining cases of PWS result either from genomic imprinting defects (microdeletions or epimutations) of the imprinting centre in the 15q11-q13 region or from chromosome 15 translocations. Here, we describe the clinical presentation of PWS, review the current understanding of causative cytogenetic and molecular genetic mechanisms, and discuss future directions for research.
authors.affiliation: Section of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, and University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 2401 Gillham Rd, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA. dbittel@cmh.edu
authors.forename: Douglas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Bittel
authors.forename: Merlin G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Butler
mesh_terms: D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011218:Prader-Willi Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000628:therapy; D024182:Uniparental Disomy / Q000235:genetics