title: Comparative analysis of cutaneous evaporative water loss in frogs demonstrates correlation with ecological habits.
abstract: Most frog species show little resistance to evaporative water loss (EWL), but some arboreal species are known to have very high resistances. We measured EWL and cutaneous resistance to evaporation (Rc) in 25 species of frogs from northern Australia, including 17 species in the family Hylidae, six species in the Myobatrachidae, and one each in the Bufonidae and the Microhylidae. These species display a variety of ecological habits, including aquatic, terrestrial, and arboreal specialisations, with the complete range of habits displayed within just the one hylid genus, Litoria. The 25 species measured in this study have resistances that range from Rc=0 to 63.1. These include low values indistinguishable from a free water surface to high values typical of "waterproof" anuran species. There was a strong correlation between ecological habit and Rc, even taking phylogenetic relationships into account; arboreal species had the highest resistance, aquatic species tended to have little or no resistance, and terrestrial species tended to have resistance between those of arboreal and aquatic frogs. For one species, Litoria rubella, we found no significant changes in EWL along a 1,500-km aridity gradient. This study represents the strongest evidence to date of a link between ecological habits and cutaneous resistance to water loss among species of frogs.
authors.affiliation: School of Science, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0909, Australia. jeanne.young@cdu.edu.au
authors.forename: Jeanne E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Keith A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Christian
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Donnellan
authors.forename: Christopher R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Tracy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parry
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001499:Bayes Theorem; D017931:DNA Primers; D004777:Environment; D005843:Geography; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D015876:Northern Territory; D010802:Phylogeny; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D012879:Skin Physiological Phenomena; D013045:Species Specificity; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012335:RNA, Ribosomal; C075526:RNA, ribosomal, 12S