title: Nutritional factors and gastric cancer in Zhoushan Islands, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the association between nutrient intakes and high incidence rate of gastric cancer among residents in Zhoushan Islands.
  
  
  METHODS
  A frequency-matched design of case-control study was used during the survey on dietary factors and gastric cancer in Zhoushan Islands, China. A total of 103 cases of gastric cancer diagnosed in 2001 were included in the study and 133 controls were randomly selected from the residents in Zhoushan Islands. A food frequency questionnaire was specifically designed for the Chinese dietary pattern to collect information on dietary intake. A computerized database of the dietary and other relative information of each participant was completed. Total calories and 15 nutrients were calculated according to the food composition table and their adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by gender using unconditional logistic regression models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High intakes of protein, saturated fat, and cholesterol were observed with the increased risk of gastric cancer particularly among males (OR(Q4 vs Q1) were 10.3, 3.24, 2.76 respectively). While carbohydrate was a significant high-risk nutrient (OR(Q4 vs Q1) = 14.8; P for linear trend = 0.024) among females. Regardless of their gender, the cases reported significantly higher daily intake of sodium mainly from salts. As to the nutrients of vitamins A and C, an inversed association with the risk of GC was found. Baseline characteristics of participants were briefly described.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings from this study confirm the role of diet-related exposure in the etiology of gastric cancer from the point of view of epidemiology. An increased risk of gastric cancer is associated with high intakes of protein, saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium, while consumption of polyunsaturated fat, vitamin A and ascorbic acid may have a protective effect against gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Quarantine, Ningbo Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 9 Ma-yuan Road, Ningbo 315012, Zhejiang Province, China. qiujunliang@163.com
authors.forename: Jiong-Liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jian-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jian-Yue
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Li-Ming
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Sui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005843:Geography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D018977:Micronutrients / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D018977:Micronutrients