Assessment of the elution of charcoal, cellulose acetate, and other particles from cigarettes with charcoal and activated charcoal/resin filters.
This experiment was designed to study the release of cellulose acetate fibers, charcoal, and other particles from cigarettes with charcoal and activated charcoal/resin filters. For the first time in such studies, efforts were made to identify the particles that were eluted using other analytical techniques in addition to light microscopy. Other corrective measures were also implemented. During the studies it was found that trimming of larger filters to fit smaller filter housings introduced cellulose acetate-like particles from the fibers of the filter material. Special, custom made-to-fit filters were used instead. Tools such as forceps that were used to retrieve filters from their housings were also found to introduce fragments onto the filters. It is believed that introduction of such debris may have accounted for the very large number of cellulose acetate and charcoal particles that had been reported in the literature. Use of computerized particle-counting microscopes appeared to result in excessive number of particles. This could be because the filter or smoke pads used for such work do not have the flat and level surfaces ideal for computerized particle-counting microscopes. At the high magnifications that the pads were viewed for particles, constant focusing of the microscope would be essential. It was also found that determination of total particles by using extrapolation of particle count by grid population usually gave extremely high particle counts compared to the actual number of particles present. This could be because particle distributions during smoking are not uniform. Lastly, a less complex estimation of the thickness of the particles was adopted. This and the use of a simple mathematical conversion coupled with the Cox equation were utilized to assess the aerodynamic diameters of the particles. Our findings showed that compared to numbers quoted in the literature, only a small amount of charcoal, cellulose acetate shards, and other particles are released. It was also shown that those particles would have a low likelihood of reaching the lung.
Agyei-Aye
K
K
Brown and Williamson Tobacco Corporation, Macon, Georgia 31217, USA. kwasi_agyei-aye@bat.com
Appleton
S
S
Rogers
R A
RA
Taylor
C R
CR
D000269:Adhesives / Q000032:analysis; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000465:Algorithms; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000737:chemistry*; D005374:Filtration; D019570:Inhalation Exposure; D008670:Metals / Q000737:chemistry; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis*; D012907:Smoking; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
D000269:Adhesives; D008670:Metals; D012906:Smoke; D002606:Charcoal; C005062:acetylcellulose; D002482:Cellulose