title: Receptors for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone expressed on human renal cell carcinomas can be used for targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the expression of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors in specimens and cell lines of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of targeted therapy with a cytotoxic analogue of LHRH, AN-207, in vivo. AN-207, consisting of [D-Lys(6)] LHRH linked to a cytotoxic radical, 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201), binds with high affinity to LHRH receptors and can be targeted to tumors expressing these receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of LHRH receptors was investigated in 28 surgically removed specimens of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) by immunohistochemistry and in three human RCC cell lines A-498, ACHN, and 786-0 by radioreceptor assays, Western immunoblotting, and reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Antitumor efficacy of AN-207 was examined in experimental models of these cell lines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive staining for LHRH receptors was found in all (28 of 28) of the examined human RCC specimens. mRNA for LHRH receptor, receptor protein, and LHRH binding sites were detected in all three cell lines. AN-207 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the growth of A-498, ACHN, and 786-0 xenografts in vivo producing a 67.8% to 73.8% decrease in tumor volume and a 62.2% to 77.3% reduction in tumor weight. Nontargeted cytotoxic radical AN-201 had no significant antitumor effects. Blockade of LHRH receptors by an excess of LHRH agonist Decapeptyl suppressed tumor inhibitory effects of AN-207.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate that LHRH receptors are expressed in human RCC specimens and can be used for targeted chemotherapy with cytotoxic LHRH analogues.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine, Polypeptide and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-1262, USA.
authors.forename: Gunhild
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Andrew V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schally
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gaiser
authors.forename: Attila
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halmos
authors.forename: Jörg B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011966:Receptors, LHRH / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D010455:Peptides; D011758:Pyrroles; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011966:Receptors, LHRH; C098751:AN 204; D004317:Doxorubicin