title: Surgical repair of complete proximal hamstring tendon ruptures in water skiers and bull riders: a report of four cases and review of the literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hamstring strains are one of the most common muscle strains in athletes; however, complete rupture of the proximal hamstring origin is rare and results from significant trauma. The objective of this paper is to present our experience of management of complete ruptures where surgical repair resulted in good results in both acute and delayed cases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two water skiers and two bull riders sustained complete rupture of the proximal origin of the hamstring muscles. All underwent repair of the hamstring origin and sciatic nerve neurolysis. A post operative hamstring rehabilitation programme was instituted. Regular follow up was performed at 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a minimum final follow up of 12 months all patients had regained functional knee flexion strength with no pain and a near normal range of knee flexion. All four individuals were able to return to their previous line of work and three were able to return to their pre-injury level of sport.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete rupture of the hamstring origin is a potentially devastating sports injury that has implications affecting the individual's activities of daily living as well as potential as a sportsperson. Surgical repair restores the distorted anatomy, allows early functional rehabilitation, and avoids the potential debilitating neurological problem of gluteal sciatica.
authors.affiliation: Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Selly Oak Hospital, Birmingham, UK. cs_jagan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ramisetty
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pimpalnerkar
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mohtadi
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012421:Rupture / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D013177:Sports; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation / Q000601:surgery*; D013848:Thigh / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D014867:Water