title: A novel approach for gene therapy: engraftment of fibroblasts containing the artificial chromosome expression system at the site of inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by inflammation of the synovial tissue. High systemic doses are necessary to achieve therapeutic levels of anti-rheumatic drugs in the joints. Gene transfer might provide a more efficient delivery system for genes encoding therapeutic proteins.
  
  
  METHODS
  The artificial chromosome expression system (ACE System) is a new non-integrating, non-viral gene expression system which functions like a natural chromosome. This technology offers advantages over current expression systems because it allows stable and predictable expression of proteins encoded by single or multiple genes over long periods of time. We are developing ex vivo gene therapy using murine artificial chromosomes containing a reporter gene (LacZ and red fluorescent protein (RFP)) for local delivery of genes in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The delivery of the intact ACE System into rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and rat skin fibroblasts (RSF) was detected within 24 to 48 h post-transfection. After growing cells under selection, clones expressing LacZ and RFP were identified. Furthermore, we investigated the feasibility of local delivery of a reporter gene to the joints of rats with AA by ex vivo gene therapy. This resulted in engraftment of the injected cells in the synovial tissue microarchitecture and expression of the reporter gene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrates the potential feasibility of treating arthritis and other inflammatory diseases using fibroblasts containing the ACE System as a non-viral vector for gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Janik
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Adriaansen
authors.forename: Margriet J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vervoordeldonk
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vanderbyl
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000628:therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D022221:Chromosomes, Artificial, Mammalian; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000637:transplantation*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D007763:Lac Operon; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D014162:Transfection; D019076:Transgenes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology