title: Clinical comparison between two different splint designs for temporomandibular disorder therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare splint therapy in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients using two splint designs.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind randomized parallel trial, 40 consenting patients were selected from the dental faculty pool of TMD patients. Two splint designs were produced: an ordinary stabilization (Michigan type) and a NTI (Nociceptiv trigeminal inhibition). The differences in splint design were not described to the patients. All patients were treated by one operator. A separate, blinded, examiner assessed joint and muscle tenderness by palpation and jaw opening prior to splint therapy, and after 2 and 6 weeks' and 3 months' splint use during night-time. The patients reported headache and TMD-related pain on a visual analog scale before and after splint use, and were asked to describe the comfort of the splint and invited to comment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-eight patients with mainly myogenic problems were observed over 3 months. A reduction of muscle tenderness upon palpation and self-reported TMD-related pain and headache and an improved jaw opening was seen in both splint groups (p < 0.05; paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests). There were no changes for TM joint tenderness upon palpation. No differences were noted between the two splint designs after 3 months for the chosen criteria of treatment efficacy (p > 0.05; Mann-Whitney U-test).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No differences in treatment efficacy were noted between the Michigan and the NTI splint types when compared over 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. jokstad@odont.uio.no
authors.forename: Asbjorn
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jokstad
authors.forename: Arild
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mo
authors.forename: Berit Schie
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Krogstad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006261:Headache / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017090:Occlusal Splints; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010173:Palpation; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D013705:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome