title: Enhance your team-based qualitative research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Qualitative research projects often involve the collaborative efforts of a research team. Challenges inherent in teamwork include changes in membership and differences in analytical style, philosophy, training, experience, and skill. This article discusses teamwork issues and tools and techniques used to improve team-based qualitative research.
  
  
  METHODS
  We drew on our experiences in working on numerous projects of varying, size, duration, and purpose. Through trials of different tools and techniques, expert consultation, and review of the literature, we learned to improve how we build teams, manage information, and disseminate results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Attention given to team members and team processes is as important as choosing appropriate analytical tools and techniques. Attentive team leadership, commitment to early and regular team meetings, and discussion of roles, responsibilities, and expectations all help build more effective teams and establish clear norms. As data are collected and analyzed, it is important to anticipate potential problems from differing skills and styles, and how information and files are managed. Discuss analytical preferences and biases and set clear guidelines and practices for how data will be analyzed and handled. As emerging ideas and findings disperse across team members, common tools (such as summary forms and data grids), coding conventions, intermediate goals or products, and regular documentation help capture essential ideas and insights.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In a team setting, little should be left to chance. This article identifies ways to improve team-based qualitative research with more a considered and systematic approach. Qualitative researchers will benefit from further examination and discussion of effective, field-tested, team-based strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado at Denver, Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA. doug.fernald@uchsc.edu
authors.forename: Douglas H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Fernald
authors.forename: Christine W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Duclos
mesh_terms: D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000458:organization & administration*; D006801:Humans; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012108:Research Personnel / Q000458:organization & administration*