title: Analysis of risk factors for the development of gallstones after gastrectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of gallstones is higher in people who have undergone gastrectomy than in the general population, but the cause of this is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1992 and January 2003, 749 patients underwent ultrasonography of the gallbladder after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. A total of 2327 examinations were carried out. The incidence of gallstones was compared in subgroups of patients classified according to the type of reconstruction, extent of gastrectomy, whether the duodenum was excluded and type of lymph node dissection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of gallstones was significantly higher after total compared with partial gastrectomy (27.9 versus 7.8 per cent at 5 years; P < 0.001). Reconstruction with duodenal exclusion was associated with a significantly higher incidence than non-exclusion (25.1 versus 8.2 per cent at 5 years; P < 0.001). Patients who had lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament had a significantly higher incidence of gallstones than those who did not (28.2 versus 7.5 per cent at 5 years; P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis that included type of reconstruction and lymph node dissection, lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament was identified as the most significant risk factor for gallstone development (odds ratio 3.66 (95 per cent confidence interval 2.16 to 6.22); P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymph node dissection in the hepatoduodenal ligament, total gastrectomy and exclusion of the duodenum are risk factors for gallstones after gastrectomy.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan. tsunehirokobayashi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hisanaga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kanehiro
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005743:Gastrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery*