title: Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) following a malaria education intervention in Piron, Mali: a control trial with systematic allocation of households.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) reduce malaria morbidity and mortality, but use is limited. A barrier to ITN use may be lack of knowledge regarding malaria transmission and prevention. This study is a controlled trial comparing ITN use and malaria knowledge levels between households in Piron, Mali, undertaken in 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  Households received net impregnation services either with or without antecedent education. The main outcome measure was ITN use, defined as impregnation of at least one of the household's existing bednets with insecticide during the study. Knowledge about malaria and prevention practices was assessed pre- and post- educational intervention. Results were analysed by household and by individual.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-nine percent (34/70) of households who received the educational component impregnated their nets in comparison to 35% (22/62) of households who did not (OR = 1.6 CI = 0.8-3.3, P = 0.19). In individual analysis, ITN use was significantly greater in participants who had received the educational intervention (48%) vs. individuals who did not (33%, OR = 1.9, P = 0.012). Knowledge levels about malaria significantly increased for each individual pre- versus post- educational intervention (average change score = 2.13, standard deviation = 1.97, t = -17.78, P < 0.001), although there was no difference found between educational (change score = 2.14) and control groups (change score = 2.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is possible to educate individuals about malaria and to implement net impregnation services with limited resources. Greater accessibility to net-impregnation services is necessary but not sufficient to increase ITN use.
authors.affiliation: Health Research and Policy Department, Stanford Medical School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. mrhee@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rhee
authors.forename: Mahamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sissoko
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: Willi
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parsonnet
authors.forename: Ogobara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doumbo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007306:Insecticides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008288:Malaria / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008302:Mali / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides