title: Comparison of body fatness measurements by BMI and skinfolds vs dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and their relation to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare estimates of adiposity by dual emission X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), skinfolds and body mass index (BMI); and to evaluate the relation of these measures to cardiovascular risk in adolescents.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of adolescents participating in a longitudinal study of insulin resistance, Slaughter formulas were used to estimate adiposity from skinfolds and DXA was used to estimate adiposity as % body fat (%BF) and fat mass (FBM). BMI, blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance were measured.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male and female, 11-17 y old (n=130).
  
  
  METHODS
  To compare DXA with two office-based methods of assessing fatness and cardiovascular risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slaughter estimates were highly correlated with DXA (%BF r=0.92, P=0.0001; FBM r=0.96, P=0.0001). Correlations were similar in heavy and thin children. BMI was also highly correlated with DXA (%BF r=0.85, P=0.0001; FBM r=0.95, P=0.0001), and these relations were stronger in heavy than thin children. BMI and the Slaughter formulas were similar to DXA in their relations to cardiovascular risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adiposity by BMI and Slaughter formulas are highly correlated with DXA and similarly related to cardiovascular risk factors. BMI is easy to obtain and is an acceptable method for initial office estimation of body fatness. BMI and skinfolds compare well with DXA in predicting adverse cardiovascular risk profile.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. stein055@umn.edu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinberger
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Raatz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moran
authors.forename: C-P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Sinaiko
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012885:Skinfold Thickness
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids