title: Relationship between granulocyte elastase and C3a under protamine dosing in on-pump cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The complement cascade and granulocytes are activated in on-pump cardiac surgery. If activation of complement directly regulates granulocytes, granulocyte elastase (GEL) should increase significantly after protamine administration. We examined the effect of protamine on granulocytes by protamine administration and observation of the effect on GEL and C3a.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly assigned to two groups. In 15 patients, protamine was administered 5 min after the termination of cardiopulmonary bypass, and was administered 35 min after cardiopulmonary bypass in the other 15 patients. All patients were perfused with heparin-coated circuits and received 300 IU/kg heparin and 3 mg/kg protamine. GEL and C3a concentrations were measured at 7 time points.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GEL concentrations increased significantly just before aortic declamping and did not increase significantly after protamine administration. C3a concentrations, however, did not increase during cardiopulmonary bypass and did increase significantly after protamine administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that GEL does not increase after protamine administration and that complement concentration does not directly affect GEL release.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, 910-0833 Abeno-ku, Osaka, Japan. fujiihiro@msic.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Shigefumi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suehiro
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hattori
authors.forename: Hidekazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Takanobu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aoyama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003167:Complement Activation; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000032:analysis*; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006098:Granulocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006494:Heparin Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011479:Protamines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006494:Heparin Antagonists; D011479:Protamines; D015926:Complement C3a; D019272:Leukocyte Elastase