title: Therapeutic Electromagnetic Field (TEMF) and gamma irradiation on human breast cancer xenograft growth, angiogenesis and metastasis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effects of a rectified semi-sinewave signal (15 mT amplitude, 120 pulses per second, EMF Therapeutics, Inc.) (TEMF) alone and in combination with gamma irradiation (IR) therapy in nude mice bearing a human MDA MB231 breast cancer xenograft were tested. Green fluorescence protein transfected cancer cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of young female mice. Six weeks later, mice were randomly divided into four treatment groups: untreated controls; 10 minute daily TEMF; 200 cGy of IR every other day (total 800 cGy); IR plus daily TEMF. Some mice in each group were euthanized 24 hours after the end of IR. TEMF treatment continued for 3 additional weeks. Tumor sections were stained for: endothelial cells with CD31 and PAS or hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most tumors <35 mm3 were white but tumors >35 mm3 were pink and had a vascularized capsule. The cortex within 100 microns of the capsule had little vascularization. Blood vessels, capillaries, and endothelial pseudopods were found at >100 microns from the capsule (subcortex). Tumors >35 mm3 treated with IR 24 hours previously or with TEMF had decreased blood vessels in the subcortex and more endothelial pseudopods projecting into hypoxic, HIF positive areas than tumors from the control group. Mice that received either IR or TEMF had significantly fewer lung metastatic sites and slower tumor growth than did untreated mice. No harmful side effects were attributed to TEMF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEMF therapy provided a safe means for retarding tumor vascularization, growth and metastasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA. cameron@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Ivan L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Lu-Zhe
authors.initials: LZ
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Nicholas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: W Elaine
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Hardman
authors.forename: C Douglas
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Williams