title: Arthroscopic treatment of shoulder ochronotic arthropathy: a case report and review of literature.
abstract: Alcaptonuria is an inherited hereditary metabolic disorder, which is associated with various systemic abnormalities and related to the accumulation of homogentisic acid and a derived melanine-like pigment in the connective tissues; the latter is termed ochronosis. We present the arthroscopic findings in the shoulder of a 58-year-old female with ochronotic arthropathy and discuss the role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis and management of this rare metabolic disorder.
authors.affiliation: Humanitas Clinical Institute, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Castagna
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Giombini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vinanti
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massazza
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pigozzi
mesh_terms: D000474:Alkaptonuria / Q000150:complications*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D007594:Joint Loose Bodies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009794:Ochronosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*