title: Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and postmenopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress.
abstract: To evaluate the effects of grape polyphenols on plasma lipids, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress, 24 pre- and 20 postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume 36 g of a lyophilized grape powder (LGP) or a placebo for 4 wk. The LGP consisted of 92% carbohydrate and was rich in flavans, anthocyanins, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, and resveratrol. After a 3-wk washout period, subjects were assigned to the alternate treatment for an additional 4 wk. The placebo consisted of an equal ratio of fructose and dextrose and was similar in appearance and energy content (554 kJ) to LGP. Plasma triglyceride concentrations were reduced by 15 and 6% in pre- and postmenopausal women, respectively (P < 0.01) after LGP supplementation. In addition, plasma LDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and E were lower due to LGP treatment (P < 0.05). Further, cholesterol ester transfer protein activity was decreased by approximately 15% with intake of LGP (P < 0.05). In contrast to these beneficial effects on plasma lipids, LDL oxidation was not modified by LGP treatment. However, whole-body oxidative stress as measured by urinary F(2)-isoprostanes was significantly reduced after LGP supplementation. LGP also decreased the levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which plays a major role in the inflammation process. Through alterations in lipoprotein metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, LGP intake beneficially affected key risk factors for coronary heart disease in both pre- and postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, 06269, USA.
authors.forename: Tosca L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Zern
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: Kristy L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Yanzhu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dimple
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: Neil S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Shachter
authors.forename: Maria Luz
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Fernandez
mesh_terms: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D059808:Polyphenols; D017698:Postmenopause; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D005419:Flavonoids; D000960:Hypolipidemic Agents; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D010919:Placebos; D059808:Polyphenols