title: [Contribution of flexible bronchoscopy to the diagnosis of upper airway alterations].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is becoming an increasingly common diagnostic and therapeutic technique and is currently an essential procedure in pediatric pulmonology departments. Because the procedure is easy to perform under sedation and topical anesthesia, avoiding surgery with general anesthesia, which is required for rigid bronchoscopy, it has allowed the use of airway endoscopy in infants and children to be increased and has reduced patient risks.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the contribution of FB to the diagnosis of upper airway alterations and to characterize the frequency and type of upper airway anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the FB performed in our center between January 1993 and March 2003 in children aged less than 14 years old.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 456 FB were performed in 378 children. One hundred eleven FB (24.5 % of all endoscopies) were required for suspected upper airway anomalies and 55.8 % corresponded to stridor. Upper airway inspection revealed abnormality in 30.7 % (140 FB). There were no severe complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FB is useful in the diagnosis of upper airway abnormalities. The main indication for FB is stridor and the most common abnormal finding of the upper airway is laryngomalacia.
authors.affiliation: Unidad de Neumología Infantil, Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Son Dureta, Palma de Mallorca, Spain. jfiguerola@hsd.es
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Figuerola Mulet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Osona Rodríguez de Torres
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llull Ferretjans
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Román Piñana
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D020680:Bronchoscopes; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015619:Respiratory System Abnormalities / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012189:Retrospective Studies