title: Neither simple nor sequential arm movements are bradykinetic in parkinsonian patients with peak-dose dyskinesias.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out whether parkinsonian patients with levodopa-induced peak-dose dyskinesias are bradykinetic.
  
  
  METHODS
  The performance of a sequential internally determined arm movement and a simple externally triggered arm movement was studied in a group of dyskinetic parkinsonian patients during their best clinical condition and when they were OFF treatment. Patients' performance was compared with that of an age-matched control group. Movements in the three-dimensional space were recorded by the ELITE motion analysis system. Kinematic variables analysed for the sequential motor task were total movement duration and total pause duration; for the simple motor task, movement duration and reaction time; and for both tasks, movement inaccuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When patients were OFF therapy they performed sequential and simple movement tasks slower than healthy subjects whereas when they were dyskinetic they did not. During the sequential task, when the patients were dyskinetic total pause duration shortened and movement inaccuracy increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our kinematic finding indicates that parkinsonian patients' with peak-dose dyskinesias are not bradykinetic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parkinsonian patients with peak-dose dyskinesias are not bradykinetic, probably because dopamine at peak doses functionally normalizes the mechanisms controlling movement speed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurological Sciences and Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo Neuromed IRCCS, Pozzilli (IS), University of Rome La Sapienza, Italy.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agostino
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bagnato
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dinapoli
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Modugno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Berardelli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001132:Arm / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018476:Hypokinesia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007980:Levodopa / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa