title: Osteoblastic phenotype expression of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on polymer surfaces.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Current efforts in bone tissue engineering have as one focus the search for a scaffold material that will support osteoblast proliferation, matrix mineralization, and, ultimately, bone formation. The goal is to develop a bone substitute that is functionally equivalent to autograft bone. Previously published reports have shown that osteoblasts exhibit varying rates and degrees of proliferation and mineralization when grown on different surfaces.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study presents a histologic and biomolecular analysis of MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblast cells grown on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) versus poly(-caprolactone) (PCL), two commonly studied scaffold polymers. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on slides coated with either PLGA or PCL, and on uncoated glass slides as control, with six slides in each group. After 6 weeks in culture, the cells were stained for osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization. In addition, to assess the effects of the surface material on phenotypic expression at the molecular level, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on polymer-coated 24-well plates for 4 days, and analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that three groups of slides stained positively for osteocalcin at 6 weeks. However, markedly less alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization were observed on the cells grown on PCL. Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays subsequently revealed decreased expression of both markers by cells cultured on PCL compared with PLGA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that PCL does not support the full expression of an osteoblastic phenotype by MC3T3-E1 cells. PCL, therefore, is less desirable as a scaffold polymer in bone tissue engineering in so far as supporting bone formation is concerned. However, because PCL has favorable handling characteristics and strength, modifications of PCL may prompt further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Aesthetic and Plastic Surgery Institute, The University of California, Irvine, California, USA. jay.calvert@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Jay W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Walter C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chua
authors.forename: Nareg A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Gharibjanian
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dhar
authors.forename: Gregory R D
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D016475:3T3 Cells; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002208:Caproates; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019344:Lactic Acid; D007783:Lactones; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D002208:Caproates; D007783:Lactones; D011108:Polymers; D015675:Osteocalcin; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C121056:caprolactone; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase