title: The influence of in-pregnancy smoking cessation programmes on partner quitting and women's social support mobilization: a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN89131885].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy could influence a woman's social behaviour and her partner's smoking behaviour, but this has not been examined in any published randomized trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  918 women smoking at booking for antenatal care were enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial of three interventions: standard care, self-help manual and enhanced stage-based counselling, or self-help manual, enhanced stage-based counselling and use of an interactive computer program. The outcomes were change in social support received by women between booking for maternity care and 30 weeks gestation and 10 days postpartum and reported cessation in the woman's partner at these times.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Few pregnant women's partners stopped smoking (4.1% at 30 weeks of gestation and 5.8% at 10 days postpartum) and the probability of quitting did not differ significantly by trial arm. Women's scores on the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors showed a slight decline from booking to 30 weeks gestation, and a slight increase to 10 days postpartum, but these changes did not differ significantly by trial arm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The stage-based interventions tested in this trial aimed partly to influence women's mobilization of support and might have influenced partners' quitting, but there was no evidence that they did so. Given that women and their partners often stopped smoking together, future interventions to prevent smoking in pregnant women could encourage both partners to quit together.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK. p.n.aveyard@bham.ac.uk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Aveyard
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008370:Manuals as Topic; D011247:Pregnancy; D037841:Pregnant People / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D012648:Self Care; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D006113:United Kingdom