title: Arabidopsis CUL3A and CUL3B genes are essential for normal embryogenesis.
abstract: Cullin (CUL)-dependent ubiquitin ligases form a class of structurally related multisubunit enzymes that control the rapid and selective degradation of important regulatory proteins involved in cell cycle progression and development, among others. The CUL3-BTB ligases belong to this class of enzymes and despite recent findings on their molecular composition, our knowledge on their functions and substrates remains still very limited. In contrast to budding and fission yeast, CUL3 is an essential gene in metazoans. The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes two related CUL3 genes, called CUL3A and CUL3B. We recently reported that cul3a loss-of-function mutants are viable but exhibit a mild flowering and light sensitivity phenotype. We investigated the spatial and temporal expression of the two CUL3 genes in reproductive tissues and found that their expression patterns are largely overlapping suggesting possible functional redundancy. Thus, we investigated the consequences on plant development of combined Arabidopsis cul3a cul3b loss-of-function mutations. Homozygous cul3b mutant plants developed normally and were fully fertile. However, the disruption of both the CUL3A and CUL3B genes reduced gametophytic transmission and caused embryo lethality. The observed embryo abortion was found to be under maternal control. Arrest of embryogenesis occurred at multiple stages of embryo development, but predominantly at the heart stage. At the cytological level, CUL3 loss-of-function mutations affected both embryo pattern formation and endosperm development.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, 12, rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Alexis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomann
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Brukhin
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dieterle
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gheyeselinck
authors.forename: Marylin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vantard
authors.forename: Ueli
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Grossniklaus
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Genschik
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000196:embryology / Q000235:genetics*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle; D044842:Cullin Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018525:Germination; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
chemical_list: C500789:AT1G26830 protein, Arabidopsis; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D044842:Cullin Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C036483:T-DNA; C500790:cullin 3B protein, Arabidopsis