title: Mechanisms of disease: the impact of antithrombotic therapy in cancer patients.
abstract: Venous thromboembolism is a common complication in patients with malignant disease. It is associated with a systemic hypercoagulable state that is secondary to tumor elaboration of tissue factor (the physiological initiator of blood coagulation), activation of other procoagulant mechanisms and downregulation of anticoagulant mechanisms. The consequent generation of activated coagulation serine protease in the peritumoral environment influences tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and angiogenesis. The use of antithrombotic agents, such as the low-molecular-weight heparins, might influence survival in cancer patients through several mechanisms. These mechanisms include a reduction in the frequency of overt and silent fatal thromboembolic events, interference with the activation of blood coagulation and generation of coagulation serine proteases that affect the tumor phenotype, and direct cellular effects of heparin on both epithelial and endothelial tumor elements.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Trials Centre for Surgical Sciences, Barts and The London School of Medicine, UK.
authors.forename: Gloria A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Petralia
authors.forename: Nick R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: Ajay K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Kakkar
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015536:Down-Regulation; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D010641:Phenotype; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases