title: Angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients with breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pathologic angiogenesis has been correlated with tumor growth, dissemination, metastasis, and prognosis in solid tumors including breast cancer. Angiogenesis has also been implicated in the pathophysiology of, and shown to be a therapeutic target in tumors arising in the bone marrow. The status of angiogenesis in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to estimate the extent of bone marrow angiogenesis in this subset of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 42 women with breast cancer in whom a bone marrow biopsy was done. Bone marrow samples were sorted according to their infiltration status by breast cancer cells. In all bone marrow sections, blood vessels were highlighted by staining endothelial cells with an antibody directed against the CD34-related antigen. A hematopathologist blind to the status of infiltration of breast cancer did the bone marrow vessel count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen patients (45%) had bone marrow metastasis. The bone marrow microvessel density was significantly higher in patients with bone marrow metastases compared with patients without bone marrow metastases (P < 0.0005). Median bone marrow microvessel density was 2 for the negative bone marrow group, and 15 for the positive bone marrow group. An increased microvessel density was correlated with presence of disease at last follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study showing that bone marrow microvessel density is significantly higher in breast cancer patients with bone marrow metastases, when compared with breast cancer patients without evidence of bone marrow metastatic disease. Further research is needed to shed light into the prognostic and therapeutic relevance of this finding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Breast Tumors and Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico D.F., Mexico. mariana_chavez@prodigy.net.mx
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chavez-Macgregor
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aviles-Salas
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fuentes-Alburo
authors.forename: Celedonio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gómez-Ruiz
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aguayo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008833:Microcirculation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011379:Prognosis
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34