title: Multipass vector (mpave) technique with nonablative radiofrequency to treat facial and neck laxity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Redundant facial and neck skin is a major feature of aging and historically has been corrected surgically. Recently, monopolar radiofrequency application has been introduced for nonablative tissue tightening of skin by volumetric heating of the deep dermis. It has been able to improve neck and cheek laxity and periorbital rhytides and to elevate eyebrows. However, questions remain as to the ideal parameters needed to optimize the use of radiofrequency.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety and report on the efficacy of a radiofrequency application that involves a multipass vector (mpave) technique to target facial and neck skin laxity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients (skin types I to V) with mild to severe facial and neck laxity received one treatment session with monopolar radiofrequency. Treatment parameters, adverse events, and digital photographs were recorded. All patients were treated with a multipass vector technique consisting of four to five passes targeted over areas of skin that would most improve facial laxity. The multipass vector (mpave) treatment approach is described. Energy levels ranged from 62 to 91 J/cm2 per pulse.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients experienced some immediate erythema and edema, which had completely resolved in most patients within 48 hours. No scarring or dyspigmentation was noted on follow-up at 6 and 12 weeks. Photographic analysis of pre- and post-treatment digital images revealed cosmetic improvement in facial and neck laxity in 96% of patients. The majority of patients demonstrated a moderate or better improvement. Stacked pulses in the submental region were shown to reduce fat.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The direct application of monopolar radiofrequency to facial and neck skin using a multipass vector (mpave) treatment approach was safely tolerated in patients of all skin types. Patient satisfaction correlated well with photographic analysis, and the technique was shown to be efficacious for most patients.
authors.affiliation: Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Associates, PA, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA. efinzi@aol.com
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Finzi
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spangler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005148:Facial Dermatoses / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009333:Neck / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000078702:Radiofrequency Therapy; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015595:Skin Aging; D016896:Treatment Outcome