title: Development and validation of tools to assess genetic discrimination and genetically based racism.
abstract: It is possible that communication from mass media, public health or consumer advertising sources about human genetics and health may reify stereotypes of racialized social groups, perhaps cueing or exacerbating discriminatory and racist attitudes. This research used a multifaceted approach to assess lay perceptions of genetic discrimination and genetically based racism (N = 644). Two tools for use in strategic planning efforts associated with communicating about human genetics and health, the genetic discrimination instrument (GDI) and the genetically based racism instrument (GBRI), were derived. The GDI emerged as having five dimensions associated with lay perceptions of genetic discrimination. The GBRI was found to be unidimensional. Scale validation activities supported the tools' concurrent and discriminant validity characteristics. Significant differences between blacks and whites on the criminal control rights, social reproductive rights and employer rights factors as well as the GBRI were found. We recommend application of these screening tools prior to national dissemination of messages associated with genes and disease susceptibility, including school and university-based curricula.
authors.affiliation: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA. rlp18@psu.edu
authors.forename: Roxanne L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Parrott
authors.forename: Kami J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Silk
authors.forename: Megan R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dillow
authors.forename: Janice L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Tina M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Celeste M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Condit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology*; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D004198:Disease Susceptibility / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D033142:Genetic Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019538:Health Care Surveys / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008402:Mass Media; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011287:Prejudice; D012307:Risk Factors; D015144:Southeastern United States; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology