title: Effects of long-term treatment with mizoribine in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mizoribine (MZR) is a purine antimetabolic immunosuppressant agent that has few little severe adverse events. We studied whether maintenance therapy with MZR and prednisolone (PSL) in severe proliferative lupus nephritis patients could improve immunity, reduce proteinuria, prevent renal relapse, and reduce steroid dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Long-term maintenance therapy with MZR and PSL was evaluated in ten patients with biopsy-proven proliferative lupus nephritis. Patients with severe lupus nephritis, who had proteinuria of 0.5 g or more even after treatments with plasma exchange and/or pulse methyl prednisolone, were recruited. MZR at an average dose of 140 +/- 10 (100 - 200) mg was administered two to three times/day in combination with PSL. The average period for the MZR maintenance therapy was 89.7 +/- 5.5 (70 - 126) months. Urine protein excretion, serum hemolytic complement activity (CH50), C3, serum creatinine, general and biochemical blood examinations, anti-ds-DNA antibody were collected at each monthly medical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients were females, mean age 43.0 +/- 3.3 years. A significant decrease in proteinuria was noted two years after the combination therapy (p = 0.0016). Five patients experienced lupus nephritis relapse. Patients who did not experience relapses had their MZR combination therapy initiated earlier (p = 0.037) when compared with the patients who experienced relapses. Serum creatinine levels remained unchanged in all patients throughout treatment and follow-up, even during renal relapses. Levels of C3 and CH50 normalized as proteinuria decreased. None of the patients developed serious side effects during MZR treatment. A significant steroid-sparing effect was observed three years after initiating MZR (p = 0.0025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From our long-term observation, maintenance therapy with low-dose PSL combined with MZR can eliminate proteinuria and have steroid-sparing effect. Early initiation of the therapy can protect against renal relapses among severe proliferative lupus nephritis patients without serious side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kidney Center, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan. yumura@kc.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Yumura
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suganuma
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Otsubo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takei
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nitta
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nihei
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D012263:Ribonucleosides; C010052:mizoribine; D011239:Prednisolone; D007168:IMP Dehydrogenase