title: Determination of cellularly processed HLA-A2402-restricted novel CTL epitopes derived from two cancer germ line genes, MAGE-A4 and SAGE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For identification of CTL epitopes useful for cancer vaccines, it is crucial to determine whether cognate epitopes are presented on the cell surface of target cancer cells through natural processing of endogenous proteins. For this purpose, we tried to use the cellular machinery of both mice and human to define naturally processed CTL epitopes derived from two "cancer germ line" genes, MAGE-A4 and SAGE.
  
  
  METHODS
  We vaccinated newly produced HLA-A2402 transgenic mice with DNA plasmids encoding target antigens. Following screening of synthesized peptides by splenic CD8(+) T cells of vaccinated mice, we selected candidate epitopes bound to HLA-A2402. We then examined whether human CD8(+) T cells sensitized with autologous CD4(+) PHA blasts transduced by mRNA for the cognate antigens could react with these selected peptides in an HLA-A2402-restricted manner.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After DNA vaccination, murine CD8(+) T cells recognizing MAGE-A4(143-151) or SAGE(715-723) in an HLA-A2402-restricted manner became detectable. Human CTLs specific for these two peptides were generated after sensitization of HLA-A2402-positive CD8(+) T cells with autologous CD4(+) PHA blasts transduced with respective mRNA. CTL clones were cytotoxic toward tumor cell lines expressing HLA-A2402 and cognate genes. Taken together, these CTL epitopes defined in HLA-A24 transgenic mice are also processed and expressed with HLA-A2402 in human cells. The presence of SAGE(715-723)-specific precursors was observed in HLA-A2402-positive healthy individuals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two novel HLA-A2402-restricted CTL epitopes, MAGE-A4(143-151) and SAGE(715-723), were identified. Our approach assisted by cellular machinery of both mice and human could be widely applicable to identify naturally processed CTL epitopes.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mie University School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naota
authors.forename: Lijie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiasa
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Shigehisa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okumura
authors.forename: Tetsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takemitsu
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yuta
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Majima
authors.forename: François A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Lemonnier
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shiku
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000737:chemistry*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D018274:Electroporation; D000939:Epitopes / Q000737:chemistry; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015234:HLA-A Antigens / Q000378:metabolism*; D059871:HLA-A24 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000737:chemistry*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D000939:Epitopes; D015234:HLA-A Antigens; C438506:HLA-A*24:02 antigen; D059871:HLA-A24 Antigen; C095204:MAGEA4 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C412325:SAGE1 protein, human; D004247:DNA