title: A novel insulin delivery algorithm in rats with type 1 diabetes: the fading memory proportional-derivative method.
abstract: An algorithm designed to automatically control insulin delivery was tested in rats with Type 1 diabetes. This nonlinear algorithm included a fading memory component of proportional and derivative errors in order to simulate normal insulin secretion. Error-weighting functions for the proportional and derivative terms were used with a performance index designed for error adaptation. In the first version of the algorithm, the proportional gain was adaptively varied. In the second version, a low rate of basal insulin delivery was adaptively varied. Six 6-h studies with each version were conducted using frequent blood sampling and intravenous insulin delivery. In Version 2 studies, blood glucose levels during the last two hours were well-controlled and significantly lower than in Version 1 (118 +/- 2.0 vs. 130 +/- 2.9 mg/dL). Neither version produced hypoglycemia. Future research using this algorithm needs to focus on automated glucose sensing in combination with insulin delivery.
authors.affiliation: Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, Portland, OR 97232, USA.
authors.forename: Bala
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gopakumaran
authors.forename: Heather M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Duman
authors.forename: Douglas P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Overholser
authors.forename: Isaac F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Federiuk
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: W Kenneth
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose