title: Calcitonin-producing well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) of the urinary bladder: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The occurrence of calcitonin-secreting primary carcinoid tumor of the urinary bladder is extremely rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  The case of a 68-year-old male with carcinoid tumor arising in the urinary bladder is presented. Transurethral resection of a polypoid small tumor 0.4 cm in diameter was performed. Immunohistochemical study using neuroendocrine markers allowed a straightforward diagnosis of a low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid tumor) of the urinary bladder. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated calcitonin immunoreactivity in the most of the tumor cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This tumor shows specific clinical, macroscopical and histological features and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of bladder neoplasms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomorphological and Functional Sciences, Pathology Section, University of Naples Federico II, Italy. mmascol@libero.it
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mascolo
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mignogna
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Napodano
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: De Rosa
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Insabato
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002116:Calcitonin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D018278:Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D008297:Male; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002116:Calcitonin