title: Oral human brain natriuretic peptide activates cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and decreases mean arterial pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to address the feasibility and the biological activity of orally administered human brain natriuretic peptide (hBNP). Proprietary technology has been developed in which short, amphiphilic oligomers are covalently attached to peptides. The conjugated peptides are intended to have an improved pharmacokinetic profile and to enable oral administration. We hypothesized that novel oral conjugated hBNP (CONJ-hBNP) increases plasma hBNP, activates cGMP, and reduces mean arterial pressure (MAP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  This randomized crossover-designed study tested the biological activity of oral CONJ-hBNP compared with oral native hBNP in normal conscious dogs. Measurements of MAP, plasma hBNP, and cGMP were made at baseline (BL) and repeated at 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, and 240 minutes after oral administration. Plasma hBNP was not detectable in dogs at BL. Plasma hBNP was detected after native hBNP and CONJ-HBNP administration. However, plasma hBNP concentration was significantly higher after CONJ-hBNP than after native hBNP administration (P=0.0374 between groups). Plasma cGMP increased after CONJ-hBNP for 60 minutes (from 10.8+/-3 to 36.8+/-26 pmol/mL; P<0.05), whereas it did not change after native hBNP (P=0.001 between groups). MAP decreased at 10 minutes and remained decreased for 60 minutes after CONJ-hBNP (from 113+/-8 to 101+/-12 mm Hg after 10 minutes to 97.5+/-10 mm Hg after 30 minutes to 99+/-13 mm Hg after 60 minutes) while remaining unchanged after native hBNP (P=0.0387 between groups).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports for the first time that novel conjugated oral BNP activates cGMP and significantly reduces MAP, thus implying an efficacious coupling of CONJ-hBNP to the natriuretic receptor-A. These data advance a new concept of orally administered chronic BNP therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. cataliotti.alessandro@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cataliotti
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Schirger
authors.forename: Fernando L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Horng H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: McKie
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boerrigter
authors.forename: Lisa C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Costello-Boerrigter
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Harty
authors.forename: Denise M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Heublein
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Kenneth D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Navdeep B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Malkar
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Polowy
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Burnett
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D006152:Cyclic GMP