title: Transcutaneous ultrasonography of the abdomen in the normal common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).
abstract: Ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 17 clinically healthy adult common marmosets to gain information about the normal abdominal echoanatomy. The marmosets were 1.5-9 years of age and weighed between 328 and 506g. Marked species-specific differences compared with the cat or dog were noted. Good images of the kidneys, bladder, spleen, adrenal glands, liver, and the gastrointestinal tract could be obtained. The pancreas, caecum, and abdominal lymph nodes were not seen. The spleen was the least echogenic organ, followed by the medium echogenic liver and the sometimes isoechoic, but mostly hyperechoic renal cortex. The kidneys had a poor corticomedullary distinction. The prominent right lobes of the liver extended caudally far beyond the costal arch. The gallbladder had a bi- to multi-lobed appearance with a wide, tortuous cystic duct. The pylorus was centrally positioned. The adrenal glands were readily seen, but should not be confused with the adjacent spleen. A statistically significant (P<0.05) difference between female and male kidney, and right adrenal gland length was present.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Imaging Section, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Republic of South Africa. wencke.wagner@up.ac.za
authors.forename: Wencke M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kirberger
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D000818:Animals; D002144:Callithrix / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler / Q000662:veterinary