title: Opportunities to reduce overuse of antibiotics for perinatal group B streptococcal disease prevention and management of preterm premature rupture of membranes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify opportunities to reduce overuse of antibiotics for prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease and management of preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM).
  
  
  METHODS
  An anonymous written questionnaire was sent to each of 1031 Fellows of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and the responses were subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among those of the 404 respondents who saw obstetric patients in 2001, most (84%) screened for GBS colonization, and 22% of these prescribed prenatal antibiotics to try to eradicate GBS colonization. Of the 382 respondents (95%) who prescribed antibiotics for pPROM, 36% continued antibiotics for more than 7 days despite negative results from GBS cultures collected before initiation of treatment. Having more years of clinical experience (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5 to 6.2), working in a non-academic setting (adjusted OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.9), and prescribing antibiotics prenatally for GBS colonization (adjusted OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.4) were associated with prescribing prolonged antibiotics for pPROM.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Prenatal antibiotic treatment for GBS colonization and prolonged antibiotic treatment for pPROM contribute to overuse of antibiotics in obstetrics.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Nina E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schulkin
authors.forename: Shadi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chamany
authors.forename: Laura E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Riley
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schuchat
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schrag
mesh_terms: D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005322:Premature Rupture of Fetal Membranes / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature / Q000517:prevention & control; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires