title: Pelvic organ prolapse in defecatory disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in subjects with defecatory disorders with that in control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 55 subjects with fecal incontinence, 42 subjects with obstructed defecation, and 45 healthy subjects without defecatory symptoms, a urogynecologist assessed pelvic organ prolapse by the pelvic organ prolapse quantification system, and a gastroenterologist evaluated perineal descent during simulated evacuation. A multiple logistic regression model evaluated whether obstetric-gynecological variables, including pelvic organ prolapse, could discriminate among controls, subjects with fecal incontinence, and subjects with obstructed defecation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five percent of controls, 42% of those with obstructed defecation, and 29% of those with fecal incontinence had stage II or greater prolapse by clinical examination. Eleven percent of controls, 7% of those with obstructed defecation, and 47% of subjects with fecal incontinence had a forceps delivery. Eighteen percent of controls, 31% of those with obstructed defecation, and 64% of those with fecal incontinence had a hysterectomy. Even after controlling for a higher prevalence of obstetric risk factors and hysterectomy, fecal incontinence was associated with a lower risk of stage II or greater pelvic organ prolapse (odds ratio for fecal incontinence in > or = stage II pelvic organ prolapse relative to stage 0 pelvic organ prolapse = 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.01-0.53). In contrast, pelvic organ prolapse severity was not associated with control versus obstructed defecation status. Seven percent of controls, 18% of subjects with obstructed defecation, and 7% of those with fecal incontinence had increased perineal descent during simulated evacuation. Excessive perineal descent was associated (P < .01) with pelvic organ prolapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite a higher prevalence of risk factors for pelvic floor injury, pelvic organ prolapse severity was lower in those with fecal incontinence than in subjects without bowel symptoms. However, a subset of subjects with defecatory disorders, predominantly obstructed defecation, have excessive perineal descent, which is associated with pelvic organ prolapse.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Klingele
authors.forename: Adil E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Bharucha
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Fletcher
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Gebhart
authors.forename: Stephen G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Riederer
authors.forename: Alan R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Zinsmeister
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003248:Constipation / Q000150:complications*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000150:complications*