title: [Atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify studies which have shown that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To identify the different factors that may be involved. To consider what management would decrease the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality of RA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of a cardiovascular event is increased twofold in RA patients irrespective of the traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Non-invasive methods have shown that RA patients have endothelial dysfunction, decreased arterial compliance and increased intima-media thickers, predictive factors for cardiovascular events in comparison to controls after controlling for traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The increased cardiovascular risk is directly mediated by inflammatory syndrome, which also indirectly increases the risk by inducing dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Treatments also have a hamful effect, whether it be corticosteroid therapy, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or methotrexate (MTX), which leads to hyperhromocysteinemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It should be possible to decrease cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by a strict control of the disease's activity. We should also take measures to combat other cardiovascular risk factors: as low a dose as possible for corticosteroid therapy, limited prescription of NSAIDs, systematic supplementation of MTX with folic acid encouragement of smoking cessation, regular lipid tests and prescription of statins treatment for hyperlipemia in accordance with current recommendations.
authors.affiliation: Service de rhumatologie, hôpital G.-Montpied, place H.-Dunant, Clermont-Ferrand, France. msoubrier@chu-clermontferrand.fr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soubrier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dougados
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000401:mortality*; D050171:Dyslipidemias; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009017:Morbidity; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal