title: A new method for objective identification and measurement of airway lumen in paediatric flexible videobronchoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Accurate measurements of airway and lesion dimensions are important to the developmental progress of paediatric bronchoscopy. The malacia disorders are an important cause of respiratory morbidity in children, but no methods are currently available to measure these lesions or the airway lumen accurately. A new measurement technique is described here.
  
  
  METHODS
  The magnification power of a paediatric videobronchoscope was defined and a simple and user friendly computer based program (Image J) was used to develop an objective technique (colour histogram mode technique, CHMT) for measurement of the airway lumen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In vivo intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability coefficients for repeated area measurements from 28 images using the Bland-Altman method were 0.9 mm2 and 1.6 mm2, respectively. The average intraclass correlation coefficient for repeated measurements of area was 0.93. In vitro validation measurements using a 2 mm diameter tube resolved radii measurements to within 0.1 mm (coefficient of variability 8%). An "acceptable result" was defined in 92% of 734 images completed with the CHMT alone and 8% with its modification. The success rate for two of three images being within 10% of each other's area was 100%. Measurements of cricoid cross sectional areas from 116 patients compared with expected airway areas for age derived from endotracheal tube sizes were comparable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The CHMT method of identifying and measuring airway dimensions is objective, accurate, and versatile and, as such, is important to the future development of flexible videobronchoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Herston 4029, Brisbane, Australia. brent_masters@health.qld.gov.au
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Masters
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Eastburn
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wootton
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Ware
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: P V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D001980:Bronchi / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D020680:Bronchoscopes / Q000592:standards; D001999:Bronchoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D002138:Calibration; D002648:Child; D003116:Color; D006801:Humans; D018715:Microscopy, Video / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity