title: Effects of hepatitis C virus coinfection on survival in veterans with HIV treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  With highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) available for patients with HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has emerged as a potentially important cause of mortality in coinfected patients. Several studies have investigated the effect of coinfection on mortality, with conflicting results.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study cohort consisted of HIV-infected veterans on HAART receiving care at US Department of Veterans Affairs facilities. Inclusion was based on first HAART prescription between January 1997 and February 2003, HCV antibody test result, and baseline CD4 and HIV viral load results within 1 year of starting HAART. We fitted Cox proportional hazards models to study the effect of HCV serostatus on survival time from HAART initiation, controlling for patient demographic and clinical characteristics, facility characteristics, HAART exposure, HAART response, and HCV treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 12,216 patients in the study cohort, 38% were HCV-seropositive. During an observation time averaging 3.5 years, 2087 patients died. The adjusted hazard ratio for HCV-seropositive patients was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-1.70; P<0.0001) without a HAART exposure measure and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.26-1.51; P<0.0001) with the measure. We obtained similar results in analyses also controlling for HAART response.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HCV seropositivity was independently associated with increased risk of death in a large cohort of HAART-treated HIV-infected veterans. Given the success of HAART in extending the lives of HIV patients, HCV has become an important predictor of their mortality.
authors.affiliation: Center for Quality Management in Public Health, Veterans Health Administration, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA. Lisa.Backus@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Lisa I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Backus
authors.forename: Barbara R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: Derek B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Boothroyd
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mole
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Burgess
authors.forename: Michael O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Rigsby
authors.forename: Sophia W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate