title: Safety Climate Survey: reliability of results from a multicenter ICU survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is important to understand the clinical properties of instruments used to measure patient safety before they are used in the setting of an intensive care unit (ICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  The Safety Climate Survey (SCSu), an instrument endorsed by the Institute for Healthcare Improvement, the Safety Culture Scale (SCSc), and the Safety Climate Mean (SCM), a subset of seven items from the SCSu, were administered in four Canadian university affiliated ICUs. All staff including nurses, allied healthcare professionals, non-clinical staff, intensivists, and managers were invited to participate in the cross sectional survey.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate was 74% (313/426). The internal consistency of the SCSu and SCSc was 0.86 and 0.80, respectively, while the SCM performed poorly at 0.51. Because of poor internal consistency, no further analysis of the SCM was therefore performed. Test-retest reliability of the SCSu and SCSc was 0.92. Out of a maximum score of 5, the mean (SD) scores of the SCSu and SCSc were 3.4 (0.6) and 3.4 (0.7), respectively. No differences were noted between the three medical-surgical and one cardiovascular ICU. Managers perceived a significantly more positive safety climate than other staff, as measured by the SCSu and SCSc. These results need to be interpreted cautiously because of the small number of management participants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of the three instruments, the SCSu and SCSc appear to be measuring one construct and are sufficiently reliable. Future research should examine the properties of patient safety instruments in other ICUs, including responsiveness to change, to ensure that they are valid outcome measures for patient safety initiatives.
authors.affiliation: McMaster University, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. khome@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kho
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Carbone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cook
mesh_terms: D002170:Canada; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D017751:Safety Management / Q000592:standards; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires