title: Anatomic and functional leg-length inequality: a review and recommendation for clinical decision-making. Part II. The functional or unloaded leg-length asymmetry.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Part II of this review examines the functional "short leg" or unloaded leg length alignment asymmetry, including the relationship between an anatomic and functional leg-length inequality. Based on the reviewed evidence, an outline for clinical decision making regarding functional and anatomic leg-length inequality will be provided.
  
  
  METHODS
  Online databases: Medline, CINAHL and Mantis. Plus library searches for the time frame of 1970-2005 were done using the term "leg-length inequality".
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evidence suggests that an unloaded leg-length asymmetry is a different phenomenon than an anatomic leg-length inequality, and may be due to suprapelvic muscle hypertonicity. Anatomic leg-length inequality and unloaded functional or leg-length alignment asymmetry may interact in a loaded (standing) posture, but not in an unloaded (prone/supine) posture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The unloaded, functional leg-length alignment asymmetry is a likely phenomenon, although more research regarding reliability of the measurement procedure and validity relative to spinal dysfunction is needed. Functional leg-length alignment asymmetry should be eliminated before any necessary treatment of anatomic LLI.
authors.affiliation: gaknutson@aol.com
authors.forename: Gary A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Knutson