title: HIV-related risk behavior among Hispanic immigrant men in a population-based household survey in low-income neighborhoods of northern California.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared risk behaviors and HIV testing between recent (in the U.S. <5 years) and established (in the U.S. >5 years) Hispanic immigrant men (N = 410).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a population-based, cross-sectional survey of HIV/sexually transmitted disease markers and risk behaviors in men age 18 to 35 years residing in low-income census block groups in 3 northern California counties.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Recent immigrants were less likely to currently have a main sexual partner (45.3% vs. 67.2%, P <0.01) and more likely to have ever used commercial sex workers (40.0% vs. 27.6%, P <0.01). Recent immigrants were less likely to receive medical care in the last 6 months (21.2% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.04) or had ever been HIV tested (26.0% vs. 43.3%, P <0.01). Established immigrants more likely reported unprotected sex, hallucinogen or ecstasy use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent Hispanic immigrants have less stable sexual partnerships and less health-seeking behavior, including HIV testing. Established immigrants report HIV test rates comparable to the national average.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: Vivian
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Page-Shafer
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ruiz
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morrow
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: H Fisher
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Klausner
authors.forename: Mathew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Facer
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Molitor
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Barbara Green
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Ajufo
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferrero
authors.forename: Geneva Bell
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Sanford
authors.forename: Willy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McFarland
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004641:Emigration and Immigration / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005191:Family Characteristics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000208:ethnology*; D011203:Poverty / Q000208:ethnology; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires