title: Tyrosine phosphorylation of the Tio oncoprotein is essential for transformation of primary human T cells.
abstract: Human T cells are transformed to antigen-independent permanent growth in vitro upon infection with herpesvirus saimiri subgroup C strains. The viral oncoproteins required for this process, StpC and Tip, could be replaced by Tio, the oncoprotein of herpesvirus ateles. Here we demonstrate that proliferation of lymphocytes transformed with Tio-recombinant herpesvirus saimiri required the activity of Src family kinases. Src kinases had previously been identified as interaction partners of Tio. This interaction was now shown to be independent of any of the four tyrosine residues of Tio but to be dependent on an SH3-binding motif. Mutations within this motif abrogated the transforming capabilities of Tio-recombinant herpesvirus saimiri. Furthermore, kinase interaction resulted in the phosphorylation of Tio on a single tyrosine residue at position 136. Mutation of this residue in the viral context revealed that this phosphorylation site, but none of the other tyrosine residues, was required for T-cell transformation. These data indicate that the interaction of Tio with a Src kinase is essential for both the initiation and the maintenance of T-cell transformation by recombinant herpesvirus saimiri. The requirement for the tyrosine phosphorylation site at position 136 suggests a role for Tio beyond simple deregulation of the kinase.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. jsalbrec@viro.med.uni-erlangen.de
authors.forename: Jens-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Müller-Fleckenstein
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Bernhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fleckenstein
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biesinger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006567:Herpesvirus 2, Saimiriine / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*; D018909:src Homology Domains; D019061:src-Family Kinases / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral; D050796:STAT3 Transcription Factor; C494086:STAT3 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014443:Tyrosine; D019061:src-Family Kinases