title: Lung cancer in relation to occupational and environmental chromium exposure and smoking.
abstract: The increased occurrence of lung cancer in residents of Dolny Kubin, the North-Slovakia district with ferrochromium industry, compared to the general population of Slovakia, led us to the study assessing influence of the occupational and environmantal exposure to chromium on the lung cancer incidence, respecting also the risk coming from cigarette smoking. Residents of Dolny Kubin district with the diagnosed lung cancer in 1984-1999 were involved in the study. The occurrence of lung cancer was significantly higher in people working in ferrochromium industry. The age at the onset of the disease in people exposed to chromium was by 5.5 years lower than in non-exposed. Smoking was an important risk factor, which has been proved particularly in non-exposed group where 62% were smokers and the onset of the lung cancer in them occured about 3.4 years earlier than in non-smokers. In exposed groups, no significant effect of smoking was found. We can conclude, that occupational exposure to chromium was identified as the main risk factor of lung cancer in Dolny Kubin district even overlaying effect of smoking.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Comenius University, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, 03601 Martin, Slovak Republic. halasova@jfmed.uniba.sk
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Halasová
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baska
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kukura
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mazúrova
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bukovská
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dobrota
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Poliacek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Halasa
mesh_terms: D002857:Chromium / Q000506:poisoning*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007221:Industry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018154:Slovakia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D002857:Chromium