AMP-activated protein kinase: a key stress signaling pathway in the heart.
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is activated during exercise and ischemia and is emerging as an important regulatory mechanism in the heart. AMPK promotes adenosine triphosphate-generating pathways, including glucose transport, glycolysis, and fatty acid oxidation, while inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic pathways. After ischemia-reperfusion, AMPK-deficient hearts from transgenic mice have severe left ventricular contractile dysfunction with increased apoptosis and necrosis. Mutations in the AMPKgamma(2) subunit lead to cardiac glycogen overload, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, arrhythmias, and heart failure. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of activation and cardiovascular actions of AMPK in the heart.
Young
Lawrence H
LH
Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. lawrence.young@yale.edu
Li
Ji
J
Baron
Suzanne J
SJ
Russell
Raymond R
RR
D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000378:metabolism*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism*
D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases