title: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2025: where are we headed?
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mannino
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects