title: Examining the association between pediatric bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders in psychiatrically referred children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To examine the association between anxiety (ANX) and bipolar disorders (BPD) in a clinically referred pediatric sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were consecutively referred youth aged <18 years, with a DSM-III-R/DSM-IV diagnosis of BPD (n=297) or a disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) (n=1100) on structured interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bipolar disorder in youth was associated with a significantly increased risk for most of the DSM-IV anxiety disorders and was not specifically linked to any one disorder in particular.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolar disorder in youth is a significant risk factor for anxiety comorbidity. Considering the morbidity and dysfunction as well as the differing therapeutic needs associated with bipolar and anxiety symptomatology, appropriate therapeutic approaches will be needed for the management of youth with this comorbidity.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Johnson and Johnson Center for the Study of Pediatric Psychopathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, USA.
authors.forename: Terri L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Harpold
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wozniak
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kwon
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Biederman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic