title: [Clinical and prognostic significance of tumor markers cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, and neuron-specific enolase in lung cancer].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical and prognostic significance of the tumor markers cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase in lung cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase were measured using electrochemical luminescence immunoassay in 46 lung cancer patients. Serum levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, and neuron-specific enolase higher than 3.6 ng/ml, 5.0 ng/ml and 13.0 ng/ml, respectively, were considered as elevated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen, and neuron-specific enolase were elevated in 19.6%, 43.5%, and 63% of patients, respectively. Elevated levels of neuron-specific enolase were detected more frequently in smokers than in ex-smokers (p=0.003). Likewise preoperative levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (p=0.023) and neuron-specific enolase (p=0.007) were statistically higher in smokers than in ex-smokers. A significant correlation was detected between the level of cytokeratin 19 fragments and smoking cumulative exposure (r=0.542, p=0.037). The number of patients with elevated levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment and neuron-specific enolase was higher in more advanced disease than in early lung cancer (p=0.036 and p=0.036, respectively). Preoperative levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment (p=0.017 and p=0.016, respectively) and neuron-specific enolase (p=0.03 and p=0.006, respectively) were significantly associated with more advanced disease and tumor size, as well as tumor histology in non-small cell lung cancer (p=0.03 and p=0.016, respectively). Preoperative levels of cytokeratin 19 fragments were higher in squamous cell carcinoma than in adenocarcinoma (p=0.026). Elevated preoperative serum levels of cytokeratin 19 fragment predict a poor prognosis for lung cancer patients (p=0.007).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alteration of serum tumor markers cytokeratin 19 fragment, carcinoembryonic antigen and neuron-specific enolase is associated with particular tumor histology, smoking habit, more advanced disease and poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Biomedical Research, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania. mzemaiti@kmu.lt
authors.forename: Marius
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zemaitis
authors.forename: Raimundas
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakalauskas
authors.forename: Kestutis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Malakauskas
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muley
authors.forename: Jürgen Richard
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lahm
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007633:Keratins / Q000097:blood*; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D007633:Keratins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase