title: Interactions among DNA ligase I, the flap endonuclease and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the expansion and contraction of CAG repeat tracts in yeast.
abstract: Among replication mutations that destabilize CAG repeat tracts, mutations of RAD27, encoding the flap endonuclease, and CDC9, encoding DNA ligase I, increase the incidence of repeat tract expansions to the greatest extent. Both enzymes bind to proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). To understand whether weakening their interactions leads to CAG repeat tract expansions, we have employed alleles named rad27-p and cdc9-p that have orthologous alterations in their respective PCNA interaction peptide (PIP) box. Also, we employed the PCNA allele pol30-90, which has changes within its hydrophobic pocket that interact with the PIP box. All three alleles destabilize a long CAG repeat tract and yield more tract contractions than expansions. Combining rad27-p with cdc9-p increases the expansion frequency above the sum of the numbers recorded in the individual mutants. A similar additive increase in tract expansions occurs in the rad27-p pol30-90 double mutant but not in the cdc9-p pol30-90 double mutant. The frequency of contractions rises in all three double mutants to nearly the same extent. These results suggest that PCNA mediates the entry of the flap endonuclease and DNA ligase I into the process of Okazaki fragment joining, and this ordered entry is necessary to prevent CAG repeat tract expansions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Eric W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Refsland
authors.forename: Dennis M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Livingston
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP; D011088:DNA Ligases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D004843:Epistasis, Genetic; D045585:Flap Endonucleases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009154:Mutation; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000502:physiology*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion / Q000502:physiology*; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats
chemical_list: C000607890:CDC9 protein, S cerevisiae; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D045585:Flap Endonucleases; C468323:RAD27 protein, S cerevisiae; D011088:DNA Ligases; D000072481:DNA Ligase ATP