title: Bioefficacy of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid.
abstract: Obesity is associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes and certain forms of cancer. Popular strategies on weight loss often fail to address many key factors such as fat mass, muscle density, bone density, water mass, their inter-relationships and impact on energy production, body composition, and overall health and well-being. (-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA), a natural plant extract from the dried fruit rind of Garcinia cambogia, has been reported to promote body fat loss in humans without stimulating the central nervous system. The level of effectiveness of G. cambogia extract is typically attributed solely to HCA. However, other components by their presence or absence may significantly contribute to its therapeutic effectiveness. Typically, HCA used in dietary weight loss supplement is bound to calcium, which results in a poorly soluble (<50%) and less bioavailable form. Conversely, the structural characteristics of a novel Ca2+/K+ bound (-)-HCA salt (HCA-SX or Super CitriMax) make it completely water soluble as well as bioavailable. An efficacious dosage of HCA-SX (4500 mg/day t.i.d.) provides a good source of Ca2+ (495 mg, 49.5% of RDI) and K+ (720 mg, 15% of RDI). Ca2+ ions are involved in weight management by increasing lipid metabolism, enhancing thermogenesis, and increasing bone density. K+, on the other hand, increases energy, reduces hypertension, increases muscle strength and regulates arrhythmias. Both Ca and K act as buffers in pH homeostasis. HCA-SX has been shown to increase serotonin availability, reduce appetite, increase fat oxidation, improve blood lipid levels, reduce body weight, and modulate a number of obesity regulatory genes without affecting the mitochondrial and nuclear proteins required for normal biochemical and physiological functions.
authors.affiliation: InterHealth Research Center, Benicia, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Bernard W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Downs
authors.forename: Manashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: Gottumukkala V
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: Subbaraju
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Shara
authors.forename: Harry G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Preuss
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019167:Appetite Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002951:Citrates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D029761:Garcinia cambogia / Q000737:chemistry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D019167:Appetite Stimulants; D002951:Citrates; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012701:Serotonin; C007999:hydroxycitric acid; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium