title: Novel mechanism of resistance to oxazolidinones, macrolides, and chloramphenicol in ribosomal protein L4 of the pneumococcus.
abstract: Two clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, identified as resistant to macrolides and chloramphenicol and nonsusceptible to linezolid, were found to contain 6-bp deletions in the gene encoding riboprotein L4. The gene transformed susceptible strain R6 so that it exhibited such resistance, with the transformants also showing a fitness cost. We demonstrate a novel bacterial mechanism of resistance to chloramphenicol and nonsusceptibility to linezolid.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, P.O. Box 1038, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa. nicole.edmondson@nhls.ac.za
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wolter
authors.forename: Anthony M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Farrell
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schaffner
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Cynthia G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Whitney
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Keith P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Klugman
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000494:pharmacology; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009154:Mutation; D023303:Oxazolidinones / Q000494:pharmacology; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D023303:Oxazolidinones; D012269:Ribosomal Proteins; C056368:ribosomal protein L4; D002701:Chloramphenicol