title: Single-shot spinal block for labour analgesia in multiparous parturients*.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intrathecal analgesia (ITA) is effective in late, rapidly progressing labour. In 1998, our hospital implemented the use of single-shot spinal block for pain relief in multiparous parturients. As part of a quality assurance programme, we assessed the analgesic efficacy, obstetric and neonatal outcomes and maternal satisfaction after this form of analgesia now in routine use in our labour ward.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-nine consecutive multiparous parturients presenting for vaginal delivery and requesting analgesia were asked to participate in this prospective study. All parturients received our standard ITA: 2.5 mg bupivacaine (1 ml) + 25 microg fentanyl (0.5 ml) inserted via the L2-3 or L3-4 interspace. Routine monitoring included maternal vital signs, uterine contraction and fetal heart rate tracing. Pain scores (visual analogue scale (VAS) 0-10), sensory levels, motor block, side-effects and maternal satisfaction were recorded. Satisfactory analgesia was defined as a decrease in pain scores to three or less within 20 min after injection. The number of parturients requesting additional analgesia and the duration of spinal block (time from injection until request for additional medication after satisfactory analgesia had worn off) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two hundred and nine parturients were included in the study. Satisfactory analgesia was achieved in 153 (73%) parturients. Fifty-five (26%) women requested additional analgesia: 38 (18%) because of unsatisfactory analgesia and 17 (8%) because analgesia ended before delivery. The duration of spinal block was 101 +/- 34 min. Pruritus occurred in 64%, fetal bradycardia in 7% and hypotension in 2% of deliveries. Pain relief was rated excellent by 65%, moderate by 20% and inadequate by 14% of the parturients. One hundred and sixty-nine (81%) women stated that they would like to have spinal analgesia again for pain relief during delivery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of multiparous parturients found ITA adequate for pain relief during delivery. However, modifications are required in terms of improved timing, reliability and duration of analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Central Hospital of Seinajoki, Seinajoka, Finland. hanna.viitanen@epshp.fi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viitanen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Heikkilä
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D016362:Analgesia, Obstetrical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies