title: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy: long-term outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although more than a decade of experience with laparoscopic radical nephrectomy indicates it is an alternative to open surgery for localized renal-cell carcinoma (RCC), the long-term oncologic effectiveness of this procedure remains to be established.
  
  
  METHODS
  A thorough MEDLINE and PubMed literature research on long-term outcomes of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed, and all pertinent articles were reviewed in detail. This review was formulated on the current cancer indication, the oncologic basis, the oncologic efficacy, and the longterm oncologic effectiveness of the procedure, including laparoscopic cytoreductive nephrectomy, with regard to metastasis, port-site tumor recurrence, and the relation to laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Furthermore, the authors' previous report on the intermediate-term efficacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was updated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With increasing experience, the indications for laparoscopic radical nephrectomy continue to expand. There were many reports of intermediate-term, two reports of long-term, and our up-to-date outcomes analyzing the management of localized RCC that showed effective cancer control with no statistically significant difference between laparoscopic and open radical nephrectomy in the true 5- and 10-year survival analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-term data, critical in the evaluation of any treatment for cancer, are currently available with respect to laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for localized RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. kavoussi@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Sompol
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Permpongkosol
authors.forename: David Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Link
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: Louis R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Kavoussi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods* / Q000401:mortality; D007902:Length of Stay; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D009366:Neoplasm Seeding; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors