title: Use of virtual, interactive, musculoskeletal system (VIMS) in modeling and analysis of shoulder throwing activity.
abstract: Our purpose in this study was to apply the virtual, interactive, musculoskeletal system (VIMS) software for modeling and biomechanical analysis of the glenohumeral joint during a baseball pitching activity. The skeletal model was from VIMS library and muscle fiber attachment sites were derived from the visible human dataset. The muscular moment arms and function changes are mainly due to the large humeral motion involved during baseball pitching. The graphic animation of the anatomic system using VIMS software is an effective tool to model and visualize the complex anatomical structure of the shoulder for biomechanical analysis.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Hwai-Ting
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Fong-Chin
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobuhara
authors.forename: Edmund Y S
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D001484:Baseball / Q000502:physiology*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014584:User-Computer Interface