title: Acute psychological stress affects glucose concentrations in patients with type 1 diabetes following food intake but not in the fasting state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effect of acute psychosocial stress on glucose concentrations in the fasting state and following food intake in patients with type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  In study 1, 20 patients were exposed to moderate psychosocial stress by means of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in the fasting state. In study 2, the TSST was applied to 20 additional patients 75 min after intake of a standard meal. Glucose concentrations (by continuous glucose monitoring system), blood pressure, and heart rate were monitored on the control day and on the stress testing day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both studies, blood pressure increased in response to TSST from 122/77 +/- 14/9 mmHg at baseline to a maximum of 152/93 +/- 21/13 mmHg (P < 0.001), and heart rate increased from 80 +/- 11 to 99 +/- 19 bpm (P < 0.001). In the fasting state (study 1), glucose concentrations remained unchanged during the control day as well as during the stress testing day. In study 2, glucose concentrations were similar on both days before and up to 75 min after the intake of the standard meal. However, a significant delay (of 45 min) in the decrease of glucose concentrations was induced by psychological stress. A two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference of glucose concentrations over time (F = 646.65/P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the postprandial period, acute psychological stress induced a significantly delayed decrease of glucose concentrations, whereas in the fasting state, no effect on poststress glucose concentrations was observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, University Hospital of Zurich, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland. peter.wiesli@usz.ch
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wiesli
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Oranna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kerwer
authors.forename: Christel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nigg-Koch
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Klaghofer
authors.forename: Burkhardt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Giatgen A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Spinas
authors.forename: Kyrill
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwegler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose