title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3-dependent phosphorylation of Mdm2 regulates p53 abundance.
abstract: The Mdm2 oncoprotein regulates abundance and activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. For efficient degradation of p53, Mdm2 needs to be phosphorylated at several contiguous residues within the central conserved domain. We show that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) phosphorylated the Mdm2 protein in vitro and in vivo in the central domain. Inhibition of GSK-3 rescued p53 from degradation in an Mdm2-dependent manner while its association with Mdm2 was not affected. Likewise, inhibition of GSK-3 did not alter localization of p53 and Mdm2 or the interaction of Mdm2 and MdmX. Ionizing radiation, which leads to p53 accumulation, directed phosphorylation of GSK-3 at serine 9, which preceded and overlapped with the increase in p53 levels. Moreover, expression of a GSK-3 mutant where serine 9 was replaced with an alanine reduced the accumulation of p53 and induction of its target p21(WAF-1). We therefore conclude that inhibition of GSK-3 contributes to hypophosphorylation of Mdm2 in response to ionizing rays, and in consequence to p53 stabilization.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Genetik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kulikov
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Boehme
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blattner
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000737:chemistry; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019556:COS Cells; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012694:Serine / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493957:Cdkn1a protein, mouse; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025801:Ubiquitin; D012694:Serine; D012313:RNA; C497206:MDM2 protein, human; C497207:Mdm2 protein, mouse; D051736:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D000409:Alanine