title: Hybrid duplex: a novel method to study the contractile function of heterogeneous myocardium.
abstract: In an earlier study, we experimentally mimicked the effects of mechanical interaction between different regions of the ventricular wall by allowing pairs of independently maintained cardiac muscle fibers to interact mechanically in series or in parallel. This simple physiological model of heterogeneous myocardium, which has been termed "duplex," has provided new insight into basic effects of cardiac electromechanical heterogeneity. Here, we present a novel "hybrid duplex," where one of the elements is an isolated cardiac muscle and the other a "virtual cardiac muscle." The virtual muscle is represented by a computational model of cardiomyocyte electromechanical activity. We present in detail the computer-based digital control system that governs the mechanical interaction between virtual and biological muscle, the software used for data analysis, and working implementations of the model. Advantages of the hybrid duplex method are discussed, and experimental recordings are presented for illustration and as proof of the principle.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rm. 327, 91 Pervomayskaya ul., Ekaterinburg 620219, Russia. ylp@efif.uran.ru
authors.forename: Yuri L
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Protsenko
authors.forename: Sergey M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Routkevitch
authors.forename: Vyacheslav Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Gur'ev
authors.forename: Leonid B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Katsnelson
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Solovyova
authors.forename: Oleg N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Lookin
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Balakin
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kohl
authors.forename: Vladimir S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Markhasin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D014159:Transducers