title: Signal transduction pathways involved in particulate matter induced relaxation in rat aorta--spontaneous hypertensive versus Wistar Kyoto rats.
abstract: Previously we reported that in vivo exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) induces vasodilatation in rat aorta. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the intracellular messengers involved in PM-elicited vasodilatation in aortas from spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The contribution of three different intracellular pathways, i.e. (1) the NO-cGMP pathway, (2) prostanoids signaling and (3) endothelial hyperpolarisation factors were evaluated by using specific inhibitors (NS2028, Diclofenac and high K-concentration/17-ODYA, respectively). Using antagonists of capsaicin- or histamine receptors we tested potential interactions of PM with these receptors. Particle suspensions (EHC-93), particle filtrates (particle-free) and Cu(2+)- or Zn(2+)-containing solutions were used to obtain cumulative dose-response curves of relaxation in normal and endothelium-denuded rings.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our present data confirm that PM and its soluble components elicit an endothelium-independent vasodilatation in rat aorta rings. The response is mainly linked to the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), since its inhibition by NS2028 almost abolished relaxation. Indeed PM suspensions stimulated cGMP production in purified isolated sGC. Neither the receptor nor their signaling pathways played a significant role in the direct relaxation by PM or metals. Vasodilatation responses were significantly higher in SHR than WKY control rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data demonstrate that PM elicits a dose-dependent vasodilatation via activation of sGC in vascular smooth muscles. PM components, including soluble transition metals play a major role in this response. The stronger effect in SHR rats is in accordance with the observation that acute effects of PM are mainly seen in patients with underlying cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Particle Research, Institut fur Umweltmedizinische, Forschung (IUF), University of Düsseldorf, NRW, Germany.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bagate
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Meiring
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Gerlofs-Nijland
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Cassee
authors.forename: P J A
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Borm
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002217:Carbachol; D004391:Dust; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010656:Phenylephrine; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D011921:Rats, Inbred WKY; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D004391:Dust; D010656:Phenylephrine; D002217:Carbachol; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase