title: Effects of arginine supplementation on the humoral and innate immune response of older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate whether oral supplementation with arginine affects the humoral and innate immune response after vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a group of people aged 60 y and older, free-living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized controlled trial with one supplemented group and one control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  Older persons living in the community.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 29 adults aged 60 y and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  The older people were randomized into two groups, one with arginine supplementation (15 g/day) for 4 weeks after pneumococcal vaccine. The control group received only the vaccine. Anthropometric measurements and immune system function parameters: neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity, determination of serum pneumococcal polysaccharide antibodies and serum C3 and C4.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neutrophil phagocytosis and the serum concentration of complement (C3 and C4) did not differ between groups. IgG antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes 1, 5 and 6B increased in both groups. The following parameters increased in the arginine-supplemented group compared to the nonsupplemented group: neutrophil chemotaxis (34 vs 19 units of migration, P = 0.002), natural killer cell cytotoxicity (23.3 vs 13.4 10 M/Ul 40%, P = 0.011) and IgG against antigen 5 (12.3 vs 6.2 mug/ml, P = 0.044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that, after the pneumococcal vaccine, the intake of arginine increased neutrophil chemotaxis, natural killer cytotoxicity and serum concentration of IgG against antigen 5 in older people. These results suggest that arginine supplementation may enhance the immune response elicited by the pneumococcal vaccine in older people.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Supported in part by CAPES and FAEPA.
authors.affiliation: School of Nutrition and School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. moriguti@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Moriguti
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferriolli
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Donadi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Marchini
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000276:immunology; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D003176:Complement C3; D003181:Complement C4; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D022242:Pneumococcal Vaccines; D001120:Arginine