title: Modified clipless antegrade nerve preservation in robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with validated sexual function evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We present our technique for clipless antegrade neurovascular bundle preservation during robotic laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, along with short-term follow-up of our patients' sexual function.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the da Vinci three-arm robotic system, we performed robotic laparoscopic radical prostatectomy using a transperitoneal approach in an antegrade fashion. After division of the bladder neck, the posterior plane of the prostate was developed distally toward the apex of the prostate in the midline. This plane was then developed completely, releasing the vascular pedicles and neurovascular bundles in a medial to lateral direction, with occasional use of bipolar cautery and without the use of clips or monopolar cautery. Patients with a minimal follow-up of 3 months who did not require open conversion were included in this study. A total of 56 patients met these inclusion criteria between February 2003 and May 2004, with a mean follow-up of 6 months. Patients were given the validated Rand Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Health Survey, version 2, with the University of California, Los Angeles, Prostate Cancer Index preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. The overall score for both unilateral and bilateral nerve-sparing groups was 35.0, 39.7, 49.4, and 49.6 at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, respectively. These coincided with a return to baseline potency rate of 47%, 54%, 66%, and 69% at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Antegrade dissection of the neurovascular bundle, avoiding the use of clips or monopolar cautery during robotic laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, may result in early return of sexual function and overall outcome similar to that after radical retropubic prostatectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Gary W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chien
authors.forename: Albert A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Mikhail
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Orvieto
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Zagaja
authors.forename: Mitchell H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sokoloff
authors.forename: Charles B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Brendler
authors.forename: Arieh L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Shalhav
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000294:innervation / Q000601:surgery; D011468:Prostatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012371:Robotics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires