title: Non-invasive pulmonary aerosol delivery in mice by the endotracheal route.
abstract: In this report we present in detail a non-invasive pulmonary application method that can be a useful tool in studying drug and vaccine delivery to the lower airways. In this method the formulation is sprayed directly into the lungs of mice via the endotracheal route using a MicroSprayer aerolizer. Mean droplet size produced was 8 microm, appropriate for deposition in the large airways. Endotracheal application of suspension of fluorescent nanospheres, 200 nm in size, by this method resulted in nanoparticle deposition in the smaller airways (bronchi and bronchioles). Mice showed full recovery one day after administration of 50 microl of formulation. Furthermore, no mortality was observed as a result of the technique. We conclude that this endotracheal application is a useful tool for studying pulmonary drug delivery in mice. The technique is especially useful for the pulmonary application of vaccines, since it enables multiple administrations without a need for analgesics.
authors.affiliation: Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.bivas@lacdr.leidenuniv.nl
authors.forename: Maytal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bivas-Benita
authors.forename: Raphaël
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zwier
authors.forename: Hans E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Junginger
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Borchard
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D049329:Nanostructures; D010316:Particle Size; D014611:Vaccination; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D019444:Vaccines, DNA