title: Contribution of three-dimensional volume contrast imaging to the sonographic assessment of the fetal uterus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the contribution of volume contrast imaging (VCI) in assessing the fetal uterus in normally developed female fetuses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The pelvis of 38 normal female fetuses was examined at 20-22 and 32-34 weeks' gestation using both conventional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound and VCI on the same transverse or oblique longitudinal view of the fetal pelvis. Two experienced sonographers evaluated the ability of both techniques to image the fetal uterus. Results were compared by kappa index to evaluate the interobserver variability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A clear picture of the fetal uterus was obtained in 50% and 82-87% of the cases at 20-22 weeks' gestation and in 80-85% and 95-100% of the cases at 32-34 weeks' gestation using conventional 2D ultrasound and VCI, respectively. There was moderate to good agreement of uterus visualization between the two observers, with kappa values ranging from 0.43 to 0.65. The lower level of agreement was obtained for conventional 2D ultrasound during the second trimester.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that VCI may be successfully applied to prenatal ultrasonography of the fetal pelvis anatomy. By enhancing the contrast between the intrapelvic organs, VCI provides a clearer picture of the fetal uterus.
authors.affiliation: Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital Rothschild, AP-HP Paris VI, France. jean-marie.jouannic@rth.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Jouannic
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Demaria
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.forename: J-L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Benifla
mesh_terms: D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods*; D009929:Organ Size; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014599:Uterus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology*