title: Azithromycin inhibits the formation of flagellar filaments without suppressing flagellin synthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium.
abstract: The present study shows that a sub-MIC of the macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (AZM) diminishes the virulence function of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. We first constructed an AZM-resistant strain (MS248) by introducing ermBC, an erythromycin ribosome methylase gene, into serovar Typhimurium. The MIC of AZM for MS248 exceeded 100 microg/ml. Second, we managed to determine the efficacy with which a sub-MIC of AZM reduced the virulence of MS248 in vitro. On the one hand, AZM (10 microg/ml) in the culture medium was unable to inhibit the total protein synthesis, growth rate, or survival within macrophages of MS248. On the other hand, AZM (10 microg/ml) reduced MS248's swarming and swimming motilities in addition to its invasive activity in Henle-407 cells. Electron micrographs revealed no flagellar filaments on the surface of MS248 after overnight growth in L broth supplemented with AZM (10 microg/ml). However, immunoblotting analysis showed that flagellin (FliC) was fully synthesized within the bacterial cells in the presence of AZM (10 microg/ml). In contrast, the same concentration of AZM reduced the export of FliC to the culture medium. These results indicate that a sub-MIC of AZM was able to affect the formation of flagellar filaments, specifically by reducing the amount of flagellin exported from bacterial cells, but it was not involved in suppressing the synthesis of flagellin. Unfortunately, AZM treatment was ineffective against murine salmonellosis caused by MS248.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, Department of Infection Control and Immunology, Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirokane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan. hmatsui@lisci.kitasato-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsui
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Katsufumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohsumi
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Isshiki
authors.forename: Kachiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekiya
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nagamitsu
authors.forename: Rokuro
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masuma
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sunazuka
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Omura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005407:Flagella / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D005408:Flagellin / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000382:microbiology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005408:Flagellin; D017963:Azithromycin