title: Relationship between in vitro activities of amphotericin B and flucytosine and pH for clinical yeast and mold isolates.
abstract: In this study, we investigated the pH dependency of the in vitro activities of amphotericin B (AMB) and flucytosine (5FC) against Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus spp., and Scedosporium prolificans in RPMI 1640 buffered with citrate buffer (pH 4.0, 5.0, 5.4, and 6.0), citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.4, 6.0, 6.4, and 7.0), and 3-[N-morpholino]propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) (pH 6.4, 7.0, 7.4, and 7.9). For 5FC, no significant differences were found between MICs obtained with the different buffers, while for AMB, significant differences were found. The MICs obtained with citrate-phosphate buffer were approximately 1 twofold-dilution step higher than the MICs obtained with MOPS. We demonstrated that the in vitro activities of AMB and 5FC against yeast and mold isolates were pH dependent. The in vitro activity of AMB decreased when the pH was lowered, while the in vitro activity of 5FC increased. The effect of the pH on the in vitro activities was dependent not only on the antifungal agent tested but also on the microorganism. For AMB, there was a nonlinear relationship (median r(2), 0.864) for Candida spp., C. neoformans, A. fumigatus, and Rhizopus spp. over the pH range tested. The mean MICs ranged from 0.5 to 2.52 microg/ml at pH 7.0 and from 20.16 to 32 microg/ml at pH 5.0. For S. prolificans, there was no relationship. For 5FC, there was a linear relationship for Candida spp. (median r(2), 0.767) and a nonlinear relationship for C. neoformans and A. fumigatus (median r(2), 0.882) over the pH range tested. The mean MIC values ranged from 0.125 to 1,024 microg/ml at pH 7.0 and from 0.02 to 4 microg/ml at pH 5.0. For Rhizopus spp. and S. prolificans, the relationship could not be determined, since the MIC was >1,024 microg/ml over a pH range of 4.0 to 7.9.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Weg door Jonkerbos 100, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: D T A
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: te Dorsthorst
authors.forename: P E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: J F G M
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Meis
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mouton
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001232:Aspergillus fumigatus / Q000187:drug effects; D002021:Buffers; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects; D003455:Cryptococcus neoformans / Q000187:drug effects; D003470:Culture Media; D005437:Flucytosine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000187:drug effects; D021681:Scedosporium / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D002021:Buffers; D003470:Culture Media; D000666:Amphotericin B; D005437:Flucytosine