title: [Number, shape, and topography of leakage points in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the number, shape and topography of leakage points in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital photographic files of fluorescein angiography with the diagnosis of CSC were reviewed by the author. The cases considered in remission and the examinations related to the same episode were excluded. The author filled out a form containing medical record number, initials, sex, age, date of the examination and leakage point characteristics (number, shape, and topography) of the selected cases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The examinations of 418 patients (455 eyes) were included, with a male:female ratio of 2.32:1. Ninety-one point fifteen percent of the patients presented the disease unilaterally and 8.85% bilaterally. The mean age was 43.04 years (range, 19-68 years). Among the 455 selected eyes, 88.35% presented typical forms of CSC while 10.11% decompensation of the retinal pigment epithelium and 1.54% with isolated retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) detachment. The evaluation of typical forms of CSC showed a leakage point with uniform dye spread (inkblot) in 88.81% and 11.19% with a smoke-stack phenomenon. Regarding the leakage points, 46.01% were located in the upper nasal quadrant, 23.27% in the upper temporal quadrant, 19.18% in the lower nasal quadrant, 11.01% in the lower temporal quadrant and 0.53% in the subfoveal area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series men were affected approximately two times more often then women, most of them with a unilateral involvement and in around the fourth decade of life. About 90% of the patients presented the typical forms, with 1 or 2 inkblot points or leakage. The superior nasal quadrant was the most affected. The isolated RPE detachment rarely occurred. Decompensation of RPE affected about 10% of the patients.
authors.affiliation: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. remo@pobox.com
authors.forename: Remo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Turchetti
authors.forename: Haroldo Vieira
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: de Moraes
authors.forename: Hugo Soares
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Maia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015862:Choroid Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D019781:Corneal Topography; D005122:Exudates and Transudates; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010857:Pigment Epithelium of Eye; D011859:Radiography; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors