title: Intact hemispheric specialization for spatial and shape working memory in schizophrenia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Using functional MRI, we investigated whether, like healthy subjects, patients with schizophrenia show a relative hemispheric specialization in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) for spatial and shape working memory (WM). We hypothesized that reduced specialization in schizophrenia would reflect a failure to adopt optimal domain-specific strategies and would contribute to WM deficits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve healthy subjects and 16 schizophrenia patients performed spatial and shape WM tasks and a non-WM control task. Direct comparisons of the spatial and shape WM tasks assessed specialization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite deficient WM performance, both patients and controls showed a relative hemispheric specialization in ventrolateral PFC for spatial (right) and shape (left) WM and did not differ in this regard.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of intact hemispheric specialization in ventrolateral PFC suggests that patients employ the same domain-specific strategies as healthy subjects during spatial and shape WM. Rather than reflecting a failure to adopt the optimal strategy, we hypothesize that WM deficits in schizophrenia reflect impairments of executive processes that are required for WM performance regardless of domain. These processes are associated with activity in the dorsolateral PFC, a region that has been repeatedly implicated in studies of WM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA. dara@nmr.mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Dara S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Manoach
authors.forename: Nathan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Kristen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Heckers
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dubal
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Goff
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Holzman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004193:Discrimination Learning / Q000502:physiology; D004292:Dominance, Cerebral / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D012016:Reference Values; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology