Nitric oxide synthases II and III and vascular endothelial growth factor are up-regulated in sciatic nerve after spiral cuff electrode implantation.
Nerve cuff electrodes, commonly used in functional electrical stimulation systems, induce local morphological changes that can affect nerve functionality. Nitric oxide (NO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have both neural and vascular effects. We investigated the time-dependent regulation of nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and of VEGF after implantation of spiral cuff electrode around rat sciatic nerve. NOSIII as well as VEGF were up-regulated in both epineurial and endoneurial compartments in cuff-implanted animals along with microvascular changes. Our results suggest that VEGF and NO are implied in morphological and functional alterations occurring in the early time after cuff implantation.
Thil
Marie-Anne
MA
Laboratoire de Génie de la Réabilitation Neurale, Medical School, Brussels, Belgium.
Vince
Valérie
V
Veraart
Claude
C
Delbeke
Jean
J
Colin
Ides M
IM
D000818:Animals; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008833:Microcirculation; D009443:Neuritis / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D051381:Rats; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015854:Up-Regulation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*
D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat; C496316:Nos3 protein, rat