title: Distinct roles of NF-kappaB p50 in the regulation of acetaminophen-induced inflammatory mediator production and hepatotoxicity.
abstract: Oxidative stress plays an important role in acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. In addition to inducing direct cellular damage, oxidants can activate transcription factors including NF-kappaB, which regulate the production of inflammatory mediators implicated in hepatotoxicity. Here, we investigated the role of APAP-induced oxidative stress and NF-kappaB in inflammatory mediator production. Treatment of mice with APAP (300 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in centrilobular hepatic necrosis and increased serum aminotransferase levels. This was correlated with depletion of hepatic glutathione and CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD). APAP administration also increased expression of the proinflammatory mediators, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and KC/gro, and the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). Pretreatment of mice with the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) prevented APAP-induced depletion of glutathione and CuZnSOD, as well as hepatotoxicity. NAC also abrogated APAP-induced increases in TNFalpha, KC/gro, and IL-10, but augmented expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta). No effects were observed on IL-1beta or MCP-1 expression. To determine if NF-kappaB plays a role in regulating mediator production, we used transgenic mice with a targeted disruption of the gene for NF-kappaB p50. As observed with NAC pretreatment, the loss of NF-kappaB p50 was associated with decreased ability of APAP to upregulate TNFalpha, KC/gro, and IL-10 expression and increased expression of IL-4 and TGFbeta. However, in contrast to NAC pretreatment, the loss of p50 had no effect on APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. These data demonstrate that APAP-induced cytokine expression in the liver is influenced by oxidative stress and that this is dependent, in part, on NF-kappaB. However, NF-kappaB p50-dependent responses do not appear to play a major role in the pathogenesis of toxicity in this model.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
authors.forename: Donna M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dambach
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Durham
authors.forename: Jeffrey D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Laskin
authors.forename: Debra L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Laskin
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000378:metabolism*; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D018925:Chemokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D007375:Interleukin-1; D019402:Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D000082:Acetaminophen; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005978:Glutathione; D000111:Acetylcysteine