title: Papillary thyroid carcinoma of childhood and adolescence: a 30-year experience at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Survival rates are reportedly excellent for papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) in childhood/adolescence, despite their strong tendency to spread. The aim of this study was to verify this assumption in a single-institution series spanning a 30-year period with a very long follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1968 to 2001, 74 cases of thyroid carcinoma were collected. The papillary histological type was confirmed in 42 cases with available slides; we recorded the sex, age at diagnosis, age of menarche, tumor side and size, TNM/pTNM classification, multicentricity, vascular invasion, type of surgery, post-operative complications, post-surgical therapies and outcome up to May 31, 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The female/male ratio was 2.2; pT4, pN1 and M1 cases were 52%, 95%, and 12% (four in lungs and one in bone), respectively. Total thyroidectomy was performed in 33 patients, hemithyroidectomy in 8, and a biopsy in 1 inoperable case. Nine patients (21%) relapsed, six in the cervical lymph nodes and three in the lungs. After a median follow-up of 189 months, all patients were alive, two of them with evidence of disease. Overall and progression-free survival curves were independent of sex, age, TNM/pTNM classification, or type of surgery. Overall survival was also independent of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unlike its adult counterpart, PTC of childhood and adolescence is a cancer with a high frequency of spread, but an excellent outcome irrespective of sex, age at diagnosis, TNM/pTNM classification, type of surgery, recurrence. Since pediatric PTCs proved highly responsive to hormone manipulation, it is worth considering a different therapeutic approach from adult cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomical Pathology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Collini
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Massimino
authors.forename: Silvia Fagundes
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Leite
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mattavelli
authors.forename: Ettore
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Seregni
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zucchini
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spreafico
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Maria Rita
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Castellani
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cantù
authors.forename: Franca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fossati-Bellani
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosai
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery; D013965:Thyroidectomy / Q000379:methods