title: Effects of calcitriol, seocalcitol, and medium-chain triglyceride on a canine transitional cell carcinoma cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Calcitriol and its analog seocalcitol, combined with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT), have potential for the treatment of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  TCC cells were treated with calcitriol or seocalcitol, alone or combined with MCT. Cell growth, cell cycle kinetics, vitamin D receptor (VDR) localization and expression, and Bcl-2 expression were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Canine TCC expresses high levels of nuclear VDR. Furthermore, calcitriol and seocalcitol significantly inhibited cell growth and calcitriol caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Bcl-2 expression was slightly decreased in cells treated with these compounds, although no significant changes in VDR expression were observed. MCT enhanced the growth inhibitory effect of both compounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calcitriol and seocalcitol inhibited TCC cell growth via induction of cell cycle arrest and MCT enhanced this effect. Therefore, calcitriol and seocalcitol with MCT may have therapeutic potential for canine bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1900 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Thattawan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaewsakhorn
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Kisseberth
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Capen
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Calverley
authors.forename: Nongnuch
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inpanbutr
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000494:pharmacology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D014280:Triglycerides; D002117:Calcitriol; C078903:seocalcitol