title: Outbreak of a West African recombinant of HIV-1 in Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This research describes the genetic diversity of HIV-1 in Uzbekistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  During 2002 and 2003, blood from HIV-positive patients in Uzbekistan was collected, and part of the proviral pol gene and nearly full-length genomes were sequenced and analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 142 Uzbek strains, most clustered genetically with the subtype A strain common in the former Soviet Union. Most of these subtype A-infected drug-naive subjects (65.6%) had an accessory drug resistance mutation, A62V, in the reverse transcriptase gene. Thirteen of the strains (9.2%) clustered with CRF02_AG, an HIV strain common in West Africa. People infected with CRF02_AG were all residents of Tashkent and sampled in 2002. The CRF02_AG strains were monophyletic and probably descended from a single ancestor. Two strains were recombinant between CRF02_AG and subtype A, with each having a different subtype structure. The CRF02_AG and the subtype A elements of the recombinants were monophyletic with Uzbek CRF02_AG and subtype A. New full-length genomes of 12 Uzbek strains suggested that neither the subtype A and nor the CRF02_AG strains in this epidemic were mosaics with other subtypes or circulating recombinant forms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A genetic analysis of Uzbek HIV strains demonstrated the predominance of subtype A in the epidemic. An outbreak of a West African strain of HIV-1, CRF02_AG, occurred in Tashkent, Uzbekistan in 2002, however. The cocirculation of the 2 strains has resulted in new recombinants that are apparently unique to Uzbekistan.
authors.affiliation: US Military HIV Research Program, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jcarr@hivresearch.org
authors.forename: Jean K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nadai
authors.forename: Lindsay
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Eyzaguirre
authors.forename: Magdi D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Saad
authors.forename: Mumtaz M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Khakimov
authors.forename: Shavkat K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yakubov
authors.forename: Deborah L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Birx
authors.forename: R Ross
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Graham
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Earhart
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Sanchez
mesh_terms: D000349:Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010802:Phylogeny; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014610:Uzbekistan / Q000453:epidemiology