title: Genetic and biologic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii infections in free-range chickens from Austria.
abstract: The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the prevalence of T. gondii oocysts in the soil because chickens feed from the ground. The prevalence of T. gondii in free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from 11 Bio-farms in Austria was determined. Antibodies to T. gondii assayed by the modified agglutination test (MAT) were found in 302 of 830 (36.3%) chickens with titers of 1:10 in 50, 1:20 in 69, 1:40 in 53, 1:80 in 40, 1:160 or higher in 90. Hearts of 218 chickens with MAT titers of 10 or higher were bioassayed individually in mice. Tissues from 1183 chickens were pooled and fed to 15, T. gondii-free cats. Feces of the cats were examined for oocysts; 11 cats shed T. gondii oocysts. T. gondii was isolated from 56 chickens by bioassay in mice. Thus, there were 67 isolates of T. gondii from these chickens. Genotyping of these 67 isolates using the SAG2 locus indicated that all 33 were Type II. Phenotypically and genetically these isolates were different from T. gondii isolates from Brazil. None of the isolates was virulent for mice. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens from Austria.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Building 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dubey
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edelhofer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marcet
authors.forename: M C B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: O C H
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lehmann
mesh_terms: D000372:Agglutination Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D001317:Austria / Q000453:epidemiology; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D002645:Chickens; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006321:Heart / Q000469:parasitology; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C067547:surface antigen P22, Toxoplasma