title: [Prevalence of hyperechoic renal pyramid syndrome in neonates and infants with congenital heart disease--ultrasound study of the abdominal cavity in the years 1996-2000].
abstract: The normal medullary pyramids both in children and in adults are non-echoic on ultrasound evaluation when compared with renal cortex. Hyperechoic pyramids are associated with abnormal function of renal tubules. This sonographic finding has been described in various diseases including transient renal insufficiency in neonates and hypercalciuria induced by long-term furosemide therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of hyperechoic pyramids in neonates and infants with congenital heart diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  The examined population consisted of 350 neonates and infants (187 male - 53%, 163 female - 47%), mean age 54,9 +/- 75,7 days (range 1 - 349 days) with new recognized congenital heart disease. All renal sonographic evaluations were performed from January 1st 1996 to December 31st 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 19 (5.5%) neonates had increased echogenicity of the renal medullary pyramids. Almost 2/3 of cases were diagnosed in neonates with cyanotic congenital heart diseases. In infants with congenital heart disease hyperechoic pyramids were found in 5 (1.4%) cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. In our study was shown, that the main reason of hyperechoic pyramids syndrome was neonatal asphyxia in association with cyanotic congenital heart disease. 2. Further nephrological evaluation is necessary in all case of hyperechoic pyramids syndrome. 3. Ultrasound examination of urinary tract should be an integral part of a complex evaluation of a patient with congenital heart disease.
authors.affiliation: Z Kliniki Nefrologii Dzieciecej Instytutu Pediatrii oraz z Kliniki Kardiologii Dzieciecej Instytutu Pediatrii Akademii Medycznej w Gdańsku.
authors.forename: Piotr
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Czarniak
authors.forename: Wojciech
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kosiak
authors.forename: Maciej
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chojnicki
authors.forename: Michał
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maternik
authors.forename: Aleksandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zurowska
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ereciński
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013577:Syndrome; D014463:Ultrasonography