title: A Toll for lupus.
abstract: Toll-like receptor (TLR)-9 recognizes CpG motifs in microbial DNA. TLR9 signalling stimulates innate antimicrobial immunity and modulates adaptive immune responses including autoimmunity against chromatin, e.g., in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review summarizes the available data for a role of TLR9 signalling in lupus and discusses the following questions that arise from these observations: 1) Is CpG-DNA/TLR9 interaction involved in infection-induced disease activity of lupus? 2) What are the risks of CpG motifs in vaccine adjuvants for lupus patients? 3) Is TLR9 signalling involved in the pathogenesis of lupus by recognizing self DNA?
authors.affiliation: Medical Policlinic, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany. hjanders@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Anders
mesh_terms: D015551:Autoimmunity; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D018448:Models, Immunological; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000276:immunology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495371:TLR9 protein, human; D051217:Toll-Like Receptor 9; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors