title: The Drosophila dosage compensation complex binds to polytene chromosomes independently of developmental changes in transcription.
abstract: In Drosophila, the dosage compensation complex (DCC) mediates upregulation of transcription from the single male X chromosome. Despite coating the polytene male X, the DCC pattern looks discontinuous and probably reflects DCC dynamic associations with genes active at a given moment of development in a salivary gland. To test this hypothesis, we compared binding patterns of the DCC and of the elongating form of RNA polymerase II (PolIIo). We found that, unlike PolIIo, the DCC demonstrates a stable banded pattern throughout larval development and escapes binding to a subset of transcriptionally active areas, including developmental puffs. Moreover, these proteins are not completely colocalized at the electron microscopy level. These data combined imply that simple recognition of PolII machinery or of general features of active chromatin is either insufficient or not involved in DCC recruitment to its targets. We propose that DCC-mediated site-specific upregulation of transcription is not the fate of all active X-linked genes in males. Additionally, we found that DCC subunit MLE associates dynamically with developmental and heat-shock-induced puffs and, surprisingly, with those developing within DCC-devoid regions of the male X, thus resembling the PolIIo pattern. These data imply that, independently of other MSL proteins, the RNA-helicase MLE might participate in general transcriptional regulation or RNA processing.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.
authors.forename: I V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Kotlikova
authors.forename: O V
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Demakova
authors.forename: V F
authors.initials: VF
authors.lastname: Semeshin
authors.forename: V V
authors.initials: VV
authors.lastname: Shloma
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Boldyreva
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Zhimulev
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D004303:Dosage Compensation, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology; D007814:Larva / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes; D014960:X Chromosome / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; C454144:roX1 protein, Drosophila; D012319:RNA Polymerase II