title: Expression of human telomerase catalytic protein in gallbladder carcinogenesis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene re-expression is a rate limiting step for the activity of telomerase, a key enzyme implicated in cellular immortalisation and transformation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the potential role of hTERT protein in gallbladder carcinogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  hTERT protein was analysed by means of immunohistochemistry in 89 gallbladder tissue samples: 16 normal epithelia, 14 reactive hyperplasias, 15 low grade dysplasias, 16 high grade dysplasias, and 28 adenocarcinomas. At least 200 nuclei were assessed for each slide and the mean number of positive signals for each nucleus was expressed as the hTERT index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean hTERT index increased progressively with the degree of gallbladder epithelial abnormalities: from 0.03 in normal epithelia, 0.04 in hyperplastic epithelia, 0.25 in low grade dysplasia, 0.82 in high grade dysplasia, to 0.93 in adenocarcinoma. Statistical analysis revealed that three different groups of gallbladder epithelial changes can be distinguished according to the number of hTERT signals for each nucleus: (1) normal and regenerative gallbladder epithelium, (2) low grade dysplasia, and (3) high grade dysplasia and adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The occasional presence of hTERT protein in normal and regenerative gallbladder mucosa reflects their regenerative capacity. Nevertheless, significantly higher hTERT indices in low and high grade dysplastic epithelia and in gallbladder adenocarcinomas are probably a consequence of hTERT re-expression--an early event in the multistep process of gallbladder carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. bostjan.luzar@mf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luzar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poljak
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cör
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Klopcic
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ferlan-Marolt
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019098:Telomerase / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D019098:Telomerase