title: Cat allergen induces proinflammatory responses by human monocyte-derived macrophages but not by dendritic cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The upper airway mucosa of healthy humans contains a dense network of cells with dendritic morphology of which the majority express a macrophage-like phenotype (CD14+CD64+CD68+), whereas the smaller population are immature dendritic cells (DC; CD11c+CD14-). Our aim was to study the proinflammatory response of human monocytes and in vitro-generated macrophages and DC after contact with cat allergens.
  
  
  METHODS
  Monocyte-derived DC and monocyte-derived macrophages were exposed to cat allergen extract or Escherichia coli. Purified monocytes were stimulated with allergen extracts from cat or house dust mite (HDM) or the major allergenic protein Fel d 1 and induction of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes was analyzed before and after blocking CD14.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We show that cat allergen extract induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-6 production by CD14-positive macrophages but not by CD14-negative DC. Moreover, monocytes produced significantly higher levels of TNF in response to cat allergens than in response to HDM allergens. We observed no differences in levels of TNF and IL-6 from either macrophages or monocytes after exposure to cat allergen when comparing healthy and cat-allergic individuals. Finally, the proinflammatory cytokine production from monocytes in response to cat allergen extract but not to HDM allergen was significantly reduced by blocking CD14.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that closely related innate immune cells from the myeloid lineage respond differentially to cat allergen extract and that the pattern-recognition receptor CD14 might be one of the mediators involved in the inflammatory responses to inhalant allergens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: A-C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Andersson Lundell
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Grindebacke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Seppälä
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rudin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000485:Allergens / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides / Q000276:immunology; D002415:Cats; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000276:immunology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000276:immunology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D039741:Antigens, Dermatophagoides; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C059296:Fel d 1 protein, Felis domesticus