title: Delivery of preventive services to older adults by primary care physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Rates of preventive services remain below national goals.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify characteristics of physicians and their practices that are associated with the quality of preventive care their patients receive.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis of data on US physician respondents to the 2000-2001 Community Tracking Study Physician Survey linked to claims data on Medicare beneficiaries they treated in 2001. Physician variables included training and qualifications and sex. Practice setting variables included practice type, size, sources of revenue, and access to information technology. Analyses were adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidity, as well as community characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary care delivered by 3660 physicians providing usual care to 24 581 Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older.
  
  
  METHODS
  Proportion of eligible beneficiaries receiving each of 6 preventive services: diabetic monitoring with hemoglobin A(1c) measurement or eye examinations, screening for colon or breast cancer, and vaccination for influenza or pneumococcus in 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the proportion of beneficiaries receiving services was below national goals. Physician and, more consistently, practice-level characteristics were both associated with differences in the delivery of services. The strongest associations were with practice type and the percentage of practice revenue derived from Medicaid. For instance, beneficiaries receiving usual care in practices with less than 6% of revenue from Medicaid were more likely than those with more than 15% of revenue derived from Medicaid to receive diabetic eye examinations (48.9% vs 43%; P = .02), hemoglobin A1c monitoring (61.2% vs 48.4%; P<.001), mammograms (52.1% vs 38.9%; P<.001), colon cancer screening (10.0% vs 8.5%; P = .60), and influenza (50.2% vs 39.2%; P<.001) and pneumococcal (8.2% vs 6.4%; P<.001) vaccinations. Other variables associated with delivery of preventive services after adjustment for patient and geographic factors included obtaining usual health care from a physician who worked in group practices of 3 or more, who was a graduate of a US or Canadian medical school, or who reported availability of information technology to generate preventive care reminders or access treatment guidelines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delivery of routine preventive services is suboptimal for Medicare beneficiaries. However, patients treated within particular practice settings and by particular subgroups of physicians are at particular risk of low-quality care. Profiling these practices may help develop tailored interventions that can be directed to sites where the opportunities for quality improvement are greatest.
authors.affiliation: Center for Studying Health System Change, Washington, DC 20024, USA. mpham@hschange.org
authors.forename: Hoangmai H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Pham
authors.forename: Deborah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schrag
authors.forename: J Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hargraves
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Bach
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D005194:Family Practice / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D020380:Needs Assessment; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011314:Preventive Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000600:supply & distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology