title: A comprehensive, unembalmed cadaver-based course in advanced emergency procedures for medical students.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Preparing medical students for residency in emergency medicine involves education in many areas of knowledge and skill, including instruction in advanced emergency procedures.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To outline the logistics involved in running a training course in advanced emergency procedures for fourth-year medical students and to report students' perceptions of the impact of the course.
  
  
  METHODS
  The course is a cadaver-based training laboratory that utilizes several teaching modalities, including a Web-based syllabus and online streaming video, didactic lecture, hands-on practice with models and ultrasound, and hands-on practice with unembalmed (fresh) cadavers. The course focuses on seven emergent procedural skills, including deep venous access via the subclavian, internal jugular, and femoral veins; tube thoracostomy; saphenous vein cutdown; intraosseous line placement; and emergency cricothyrotomy. The course is taught by attending emergency physicians and anatomy department faculty. After completion of the course, students reported their self-assessments on a five-point Likert scale. Data were evaluated using a paired t-test (two-tailed).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three students completed the evaluation. The students reported a mean (+/- standard deviation [SD]) increase in their understanding of the indications for all procedures from 3.3 (+/- 1.1) before to 4.8 (+/- 0.4) after the course (p = 0.004, 95% CI = 0.7 to 2.0). The students reported a mean increase in their understanding of how to perform all procedures from 2.1 (+/- 0.9) before to 4.6 (+/- 0.6) after the course (p = 0.003, 95% CI = 1.9 to 3.0). The students reported a mean increase in their comfort level performing all procedures from 1.6 (+/- 0.8) before to 4.2 (+/- 0.7) after the course (p < 0.001, 95% CI = 2.0 to 2.9).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings support the value of an advanced emergency procedural training course using an unembalmed cadaver-based laboratory and incorporating several teaching modalities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. jtabas@sfghed.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Tabas
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rosenson
authors.forename: Daniel D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rohde
authors.forename: Carina H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Baird
authors.forename: Nripendra
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhillon
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D003258:Consumer Behavior; D003479:Curriculum; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D004635:Emergency Medicine / Q000193:education*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012495:San Francisco; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D013664:Teaching Materials