title: Protein source tryptophan versus pharmaceutical grade tryptophan as an efficacious treatment for chronic insomnia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Intact protein rich in tryptophan was not seen as an alternative to pharmaceutical grade tryptophan since protein also contains large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) that compete for transport sites across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Deoiled gourd seed (an extremely rich source of tryptophan-22 mg tryptophan/1 g protein) was combined with glucose, a carbohydrate that reduces serum levels of competing LNAAs which was then compared to pharmaceutical grade tryptophan with carbohydrate as well as carbohydrate alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Objective and subjective measures of sleep were employed to measure changes in sleep as part of a double blind placebo controlled study where subjects were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) Protein source tryptophan (deoiled gourd seed) in combination with carbohydrate; (2) pharmaceutical grade tryptophan in combination with carbohydrate; (3) carbohydrate alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out of 57 subjects 49 of those who began the study completed the three week protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Protein source tryptophan with carbohydrate and pharmaceutical grade tryptophan, but not carbohydrate alone, resulted in significant improvement on subjective and objective measures of insomnia. Protein source tryptophan with carbohydrate alone proved effective in significantly reducing time awake during the night.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Protein source tryptophan is comparable to pharmaceutical grade tryptophan for the treatment of insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Biosential Inc., 1543 Bayview Avenue, Suite 346, Toronto, Ontario M4G 3B5, Canada. craighudson@biosential.com
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Susan Patricia
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Hudson
authors.forename: Tracy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hecht
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacKenzie
mesh_terms: D018554:Avena; D001682:Biological Availability; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D002908:Chronic Disease; D028464:Cucurbita; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010919:Placebos; D012639:Seeds; D012890:Sleep; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013997:Time Factors; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018433:Twin Studies as Topic; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D010919:Placebos; D014364:Tryptophan