title: Induction of androgen receptor expression by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt downstream substrate, FOXO3a, and their roles in apoptosis of LNCaP prostate cancer cells.
abstract: The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway plays important roles for prostate cancer cell survival, and the androgen receptor (AR) plays essential roles for prostate cancer cell proliferation. How these two signals cooperate to control cell growth and death, however, remains unclear and debated. Here we provide the first linkage by the identification of Forkhead transcription factor FOXO3a, the PI3K/Akt downstream substrate, as a positive regulator for the induction of AR gene expression. Both Western blot and real time PCR assays demonstrate that FOXO3a can induce AR expression at the protein and mRNA levels, and gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays further demonstrate that FOXO3a can induce 5' AR promoter activity via binding to the consensus DNA-binding sequence in the AR 5' promoter -1290 to -1297 (5'-TTGTTTCA-3'). Under normal growth conditions, blocking PI3K/Akt signals by LY294002 causes LNCaP cell arrest in G1 phase rather than apoptosis. However, further blocking of AR functions by AR small interfering RNA leads to dramatic LNCaP cell death, suggesting that AR may play important protective roles when the PI3K/Akt signal pathway is blocked by LY294002. Together, our data provide the first model to explain how PI3K/Akt and AR can cooperate to control LNCaP cell growth and death under normal conditions.
authors.affiliation: George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, The Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shaozhen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Md Saha
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Jamaluddin
authors.forename: Saleh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altuwaijri
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Eungseok
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yei-Tsung
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yueh-Chiang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kuang-Hsiang
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Chun-Te
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Chawnshang
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D017209:Apoptosis; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D059002:Androgen Receptor Antagonists; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000071316:Forkhead Box Protein O3; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D009025:Morpholines; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C499517:FOXO3 protein, human; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one