title: Neutropenic enterocolitis in an advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patient treated with paclitaxel/platinum-based chemotherapy: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Literature data show that neutropenic enterocolitis is a rare but severe complication that can occur in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and especially with taxanes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 60-year-old woman with stage Illc epithelial ovarian cancer developed neutropenic fever, abdominal pain, severe diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting and oral mucositis one week after the first postoperative cycle of paclitaxel (175 mg/m2 3-hour infusion) plus carboplatin-based chemotherapy. Abdominal X-ray showed diffuse dilatation of the ileal and colonic loops with air/fluid. The patient soon recovered after intensive supportive care. For the second cycle the dose of paclitaxel was reduced by 20%, but nine days later the patient again developed severe neutropenia with fever, abdominal colicky pain, diarrhoea and vomiting. The culture of blood samples collected on admission was found to be positive for Escherichia coli, whereas stools resulted negative for both enteric rods and Clostridium difficile toxin. The patient recovered with intensive supportive care, and chemotherapy was continued with single-agent carboplatin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increasing use of paclitaxel in first-line as well as in the salvage treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer could increase the occurrence of neutropenic enterocolitis in patients with this malignancy. The importance of symptoms such as neutropenic fever, abdominal pain and tenderness and severe diarrhoea should be stressed in patients who receive taxane-based chemotherapy, and intensive supportive care management should be started immediately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Procreative Medicine, Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Pisa, Italy. a.gadducci@obgyn.med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Angiolo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gadducci
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gargini
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Palla
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fanucchi
authors.forename: Andrea Riccardo
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Genazzani
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D044504:Enterocolitis, Neutropenic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D016190:Carboplatin; D017239:Paclitaxel