title: Transfection of neuroprogenitor cells with iron nanoparticles for magnetic resonance imaging tracking: cell viability, differentiation, and intracellular localization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can track labeled cells in the brain. The use of hemagglutinating virus of Japan envelopes (HVJ-Es) to effectively introduce the contrast agent to neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is limited to date despite their high NPC affinity.
  
  
  METHODS
  HVJ-Es and Lipofectamine 2000 were compared as transfection vehicles of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). Labeled NPCs were examined for iron content, MRI signal change, and fundamental cell characteristics. Prussian Blue staining was used after differentiation to determine SPIO localization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HVJ-Es transfected up to 12.5 +/- 8.8 times more SPIO into NPCs. HVJ-Es do not affect cell viability or differentiation capability. Superparamagnetic iron oxide was disseminated in both the soma and neurites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings indicate that HVJ-Es are an effective vehicle for SPIO transfection of NPCs. The intracellular localization after differentiation raises the question as to the capability of MRI to distinguish cell migration from axonal or dendritic growth in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
authors.forename: Sosuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Jennifer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flexman
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Cross
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Maravilla
authors.forename: Yongmin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Yoshimi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Anzai
authors.forename: Junko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Minoshima
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001692:Biological Transport; D016923:Cell Death; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002455:Cell Division; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003911:Dextrans; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D049329:Nanostructures / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010087:Oxides / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011540:Prussian Blue Reaction; D051381:Rats; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D058185:Magnetite Nanoparticles; D010087:Oxides; C097921:ferumoxtran-10; D007501:Iron; C065507:ferumoxides; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide