title: Unique aspects of mda-7/IL-24 antitumor bystander activity: establishing a role for secretion of MDA-7/IL-24 protein by normal cells.
abstract: Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7) was cloned using subtraction hybridization from terminally differentiated human melanoma cells. Based on structural and functional properties, mda-7 is now recognized as interleukin-24 (IL-24), a new member of the expanding IL-10 gene family. Unique properties of mda-7/IL-24 include its ability to selectively induce growth suppression, apoptosis and radiosensitization in diverse human cancer cells, without causing similar effects in normal cells. The utility of mda-7/IL-24, administered by means of a replication-incompetent adenovirus, as a gene therapy for cancer has recently received validation in patients, highlighting an important phenomenon initially observed in pancreatic tumor cells, namely a 'potent bystander apoptosis-inducing effect' in adjacent tumor cells not initially receiving this gene product. We presently investigated the contribution of mda-7/IL-24 secreted by normal cells in mediating this 'bystander effect', and document that normal cells induced to produce mda-7/IL-24 following infection with recombinant adenoviruses expressing this cytokine secrete mda-7/IL-24, which modifies the anchorage-independent growth, invasiveness, survival and sensitivity to radiation of cancer cells that contain functional IL-20/IL-22 receptors, but not in cancer cells that lack a complete set of receptors. Moreover, the combination of secreted mda-7/IL-24 and radiation engenders a 'bystander antitumor effect' not only in inherently mda-7/IL-24 or radiation-sensitive cancer cells, but also in tumor cells overexpressing the antiapoptotic proteins bcl-2 or bcl-x(L) and displaying resistance to either treatment alone. The present studies provide definitive evidence that secreted mda-7/IL-24 from normal cells can induce direct antitumor and radiation-enhancing effects that are dependent on the presence of canonical receptors for this cytokine on tumor cells. Moreover, we now describe a novel means of enhancing mda-7/IL-24's therapeutic potential by targeting normal cells to produce and release this cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing cytokine, a strategy that could be employed as an innovative way of using this unique gene product for treating metastatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Zhaozhong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Luni
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Emdad
authors.forename: Moira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sauane
authors.forename: Irina V
authors.initials: IV
authors.lastname: Lebedeva
authors.forename: Devanand
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Pankaj
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: C David
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Randolph
authors.forename: Kirstoffer
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Valerie
authors.forename: Mark R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Dent
authors.forename: Paul B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D001253:Astrocytes; D024201:Bystander Effect / Q000502:physiology*; D002460:Cell Line; D004847:Epithelial Cells; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008544:Melanocytes; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology; D011836:Radiation Tolerance; D011878:Radiotherapy; D000099180:Interleukin-24
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; D000099180:Interleukin-24