title: Microsatellites and 16S sequences corroborate phenotypic evidence of trans-Andean variation in the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
abstract: Eight South American geographical populations of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan were collected in South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay) and released in New Zealand for biological control of the weevil Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel), a pest of pasture grasses and cereals. DNA sequencing (16S, COI, 28S, ITS1, beta-tubulin), RAPD, AFLP, microsatellite, SSCP and RFLP analyses were used to seek markers for discriminating between the South American populations. All of the South American populations were more homogeneous than expected. However, variation in microsatellites and 16S gene sequences corroborated morphological, allozyme and other phenotypic evidence of trans-Andes variation between the populations. The Chilean populations were the most genetically variable, while the variation present on the eastern side of the Andes mountains was a subset of that observed in Chile.
authors.affiliation: AgResearch Limited, Biocontrol and Biosecurity Group, PO Box 60, Gerald Street, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand. louise.winder@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Winder
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lenney-Williams
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Cane
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Paterson
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Vink
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Goldson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004275:DNA, Ribosomal / Q000737:chemistry; D005819:Genetic Markers; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006927:Hymenoptera / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009520:New Zealand; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013020:South America; D020080:Tandem Repeat Sequences / Q000235:genetics; D048889:Weevils
chemical_list: D004275:DNA, Ribosomal; D005819:Genetic Markers; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S