title: Artificial sweat enhances dermal transfer of chlorpyrifos from treated nylon carpet fibers.
abstract: The dermal transfer and absorption of 14C-ring-chlorpyrifos from nylon carpet fibers was measured in skin penetration-evaporation cells with excised pig skin. Prior to application, synthetic sweat was applied to skin in half of the cells. Radioactivity was measured in receptor fluid, dermis, epidermis, tape stripping samples, and vapor trap samples during a 24-h period. The sum of radiolabel recovered from the dermis and receptor fluid represented the absorbed dose. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in percutaneous absorption between cells that received the synthetic sweat application and "dry" cells (1.3 +/- 0.3% of applied dose). There was significantly more (p < 0.05) radiolabel recovered from tape stripping (5.4 +/- 2.1 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.6%) and in the epidermis (4.5 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.3%) from cells that received the synthetic sweat application, which indicated synthetic sweat facilitated transfer of chlorpyrifos from a treated substrate to the skin surface. The measured value for percutaneous absorption of chlorpyrifos agreed with the value predicted from an empirical model previously developed for nitro compound-containing soil.
authors.affiliation: Personal Chemical Exposure Program, Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: William G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Reifenrath
authors.forename: Robert I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Krieger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D005430:Floors and Floorcoverings; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009757:Nylons / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000502:physiology*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D013542:Sweat / Q000378:metabolism*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D007306:Insecticides; D009757:Nylons; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D004390:Chlorpyrifos