title: Glycine- and proline-rich glycoprotein isolated from Solanum nigrum Linne activates caspase-3 through cytochrome c in HT-29 cells.
abstract: This study was carried out to investigate apoptotic effects of the glycoprotein (SNL glycoprotein, 150 kDa) isolated from Solanum nigrum Linne, which has been used as an anti-pyretic and anti-cancer agent in folk medicine. We found that the SNL glycoprotein consists of carbohydrate (69.74%) and protein content (30.26%), which has >50% hydrophobic amino acids containing glycine and proline. LDH assay indicated that the SNL glycoprotein has obvious cytotoxic and apoptotic effects (>50% cell death) at 40 microg/ml SNL glycoprotein for 2 h in HT-29 cells. The results showed that the SNL glycoprotein has a stimulatory effect on the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, cleavages of pro-caspase-9, pro-caspase-3, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) proteins in HT-29 cells. However, the SNL glycoprotein did not significantly stimulate or change the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of this experiment suggest that the SNL glycoprotein activates caspase-3 in HT-29 cells, independent of ROS.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biochemistry Lab, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Kwang-ju 500-757, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jeong-Hyeon
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Ko
authors.forename: Kye-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D015153:Blotting, Western; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005998:Glycine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D042541:Intracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D032324:Solanum nigrum / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010940:Plant Proteins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C099158:acetyl-aspartyl-glutamyl-valyl-aspartal; D045304:Cytochromes c; D011392:Proline; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C506433:CASP9 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D005998:Glycine