title: Skeletal status assessed by quantitative ultrasound at the calcaneus in females with bronchial asthma on prolonged corticosteroid therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in bronchial asthma female patients after long-term oral corticosteroid (CS) therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two female patients (25 with and 57 without fractures; mean age 58.0+/-7.8 years) were compared with 999 females (821 controls without fractures, mean age 58.6+/-7.2 years and 178 females with previous osteoporotic fractures, mean age 57.8+/-7.1 years). Mean age and years since menopause did not differ between patients and controls. The duration of CS therapy was 8.4+/-7.3 years, and daily mean dose equivalent to prednison was 8.8+/-3.5 mg. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) measurements at the heel using the Achilles system (Lunar, USA) which measures speed of sound (SOS (m/s)) and Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA (dB/MHz)). The Achilles software also calculates a stiffness index (SI (%)). The precision expressed using the root mean square coefficient of variation (RMS_CV%) was: 0.26% for SOS, 4.37% for BUA, and 2.13% for SI.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients (all, with and without fractures) had significantly lower QUS values than controls without fractures and their values did not differ significantly from controls with fractures. Controls with fractures had significantly lower QUS values than controls without fractures. There was no difference between patients with and without fractures. The duration of the therapy did not influence skeletal variables in any group. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the discriminatory capability of calcaneal QUS for CS-treated patients by calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUCs were: 0.70 for SOS, 0.68 for BUA and 0.70 for SI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In females with bronchial asthma on prolonged CS therapy, skeletal status is affected but does not differ from controls with fractures therefore CS therapy seems to be a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture. Calcaneal QUS measurements can be a useful tool in the assessment of CS bone-side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathomorphology, Silesian School of Medicine in Katowice, 3 Maja 13/15 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland. bognadr@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Bogna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drozdzowska
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects*; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones