title: Statistical encoding model for a primary motor cortical brain-machine interface.
abstract: A number of studies of the motor system suggest that the majority of primary motor cortical neurons represent simple movement-related kinematic and dynamic quantities in their time-varying activity patterns. An example of such an encoding relationship is the cosine tuning of firing rate with respect to the direction of hand motion. We present a systematic development of statistical encoding models for movement-related motor neurons using multielectrode array recordings during a two-dimensional (2-D) continuous pursuit-tracking task. Our approach avoids massive averaging of responses by utilizing 2-D normalized occupancy plots, cascaded linear-nonlinear (LN) system models and a method for describing variability in discrete random systems. We found that the expected firing rate of most movement-related motor neurons is related to the kinematic values by a linear transformation, with a significant nonlinear distortion in about 1/3 of the neurons. The measured variability of the neural responses is markedly non-Poisson in many neurons and is well captured by a "normalized-Gaussian" statistical model that is defined and introduced here. The statistical model is seamlessly integrated into a nearly-optimal recursive method for decoding movement from neural responses based on a Sequential Monte Carlo filter.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, the Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. sshoham@bm.technion.ac.il
authors.forename: Shy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoham
authors.forename: Liam M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Paninski
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fellows
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Hatsopoulos
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Donoghue
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Normann
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001931:Brain Mapping / Q000379:methods; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000379:methods*; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000502:physiology*; D008251:Macaca; D008959:Models, Neurological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014584:User-Computer Interface