title: Reduction of proteinuria with mycophenolate mofetil in predominantly membranous lupus nephropathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lupus membranous nephropathy (LMN) presents a difficult clinical problem as no particular treatment has been proven to be effective. Studies have shown good results with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in proliferative lupus nephropathy (LN) (WHO class III and IV disease).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study whether MMF treatment was effective in membranous predominant LN in patients resistant to or intolerant of other immunosuppressive agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively studied 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus who had biopsy-proven predominant LMN (six Vc patients and four Va or Vb patients). Previous treatments included cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, ciclosporin and corticosteroids. The following parameters were recorded at baseline and follow-up: blood pressure, ECLAM, proteinuria, serum albumin and creatinine, routine haematology and immunology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included eight women and two men, mean age 38.4 +/- 7.1 yr (range 30-49 yr). The racial distribution was as follows: five Caucasian, and five Black patients. The mean treatment time with MMF was 18.8 +/- 15.4 months (range 3-52 months). Twenty-four-hour urinary protein excretion was reduced from median 2.26 g (range 0-7.92 g) to median 0.66 g (range 0.08-3.85 g) at follow-up (P = 0.0039). Serum albumin increased significantly after treatment from median 29.5 g/l (range 14.0-42.0 g/l) to 33.5 g/l (range 23.0-40.0 g/l) at follow-up (P = 0.04). There were no significant changes in serum creatinine (P = 0.55).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMF is a potentially useful immunosuppressive agent in reducing the proteinuria associated with membranous predominant LN.
authors.affiliation: Lupus Research Unit, The Rayne Institute, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK. yousuf.karim@royalsurrey.nhs.uk
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Karim
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Pisoni
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Tungekar
authors.forename: I C
authors.initials: IC
authors.lastname: Abbs
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: D'Cruz
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Khamashta
authors.forename: G R V
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D015433:Glomerulonephritis, Membranous / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008181:Lupus Nephritis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid