title: 1H NMR and chemometrics to characterize mature grape berries in four wine-growing areas in Bordeaux, France.
abstract: The biochemical composition of grape berries depends on the cultivar genome and is influenced by environmental conditions and growing practices, which vary according to origin and "terroir" (French word accounting for the factors of climate, soil, and cultural practices on grape and wine quality). The components currently measured to determine the potential quality of grapes for wine-making at harvest are sugars, acidity, pH, and total phenolics, referred to as "classic analysis". The aim of this work was to establish metabolic profiles using both conventional physicochemical analyses and 1H NMR spectrometry of the skin and pulp of mature berry extracts in order in four appellations situated in different locations in southern-western France (Bordeaux). Principal component analysis was applied to the physiochemical and 1H NMR data to investigate the variability of the grape composition and to characterize groups of samples. A significant clustering of the metabolic profile of pulps or skins in relation to their terroir was observed. Physicochemical analyses were more discriminant than 1H NMR data, but NMR spectroscopy allowed metabolic finger-printings using identified metabolites and some still nonattributed resonances.
authors.affiliation: UMR Oenologie-Ampélologie, INRA Centre de Bordeaux, B.P. 81, 33883 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Giuliano E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Gaudillere
authors.forename: Cornelis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hilbert
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Lavialle
authors.forename: Mickael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maucourt
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deborde
authors.forename: Annick
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moing
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rolin
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D002980:Climate; D005602:France; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D012987:Soil; D027843:Vitis / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000254:growth & development*; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D012987:Soil