title: Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan is a toll-like receptor 2 activator: a reevaluation.
abstract: Since the ability of peptidoglycan (PGN) to activate Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) was recently questioned, we reevaluated activation of TLR2 by PGN. Polymeric soluble or insoluble Staphylococcus aureus PGN, repurified by sodium dodecyl sulfate or phenol extraction, activated TLR2 at 0.1 to 1 or 10 mug/ml, respectively, and induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production. The TLR2 activation by PGN, but not by lipoteichoic acid, was abolished by muramidase digestion. We conclude that polymeric S. aureus PGN is a TLR2 activator.
authors.affiliation: Northwest Center for Medical Education, Indiana University School of Medicine, 3400 Broadway, Gary, IN 46408, USA. rdziar@iun.edu
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dziarski
authors.forename: Dipika
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gupta
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D010457:Peptidoglycan / Q000378:metabolism*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D010457:Peptidoglycan; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C495342:TLR2 protein, human; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors