title: ARK5 is transcriptionally regulated by the Large-MAF family and mediates IGF-1-induced cell invasion in multiple myeloma: ARK5 as a new molecular determinant of malignant multiple myeloma.
abstract: ARK5, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related protein kinase mediating Akt signals, is closely involved in tumor progression, and its stage-associated expression was observed in colorectal cancer. In this study, we found ARK5 expression in multiple myeloma cell lines expressing c-MAF and MAFB. In addition, gene expression profiling of 351 clinical specimens revealed ARK5 expression in primary myelomas expressing c-MAF and MAFB, suggesting that ARK5 may be a transcriptional target of the Large-MAF family. Sequence analysis of the ARK5 gene promoter revealed that it contains two putative MAF-recognition element (MARE) sequences. In support of this hypothesis, ARK5 was induced when an MAFB or c-MAF expression vector was introduced into non-ARK5-expressing colon cancer cells. Furthermore, ARK5 promoter activity was dramatically decreased by mutation or deletion of MARE sequences. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed an interaction between the Large-MAF family proteins and MARE sequences in the ARK5 promoter. Moreover, in ARK5 mRNA-expressing multiple myeloma lines, but not in ARK5-negative lines, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 increased invasion activity. IGF-1-induced invasion was reproduced when ARK5 was overexpressed in Burkitt's lymphoma and plasmacytoma lines. Based on results, we conclude that ARK5 is a transcriptional target of the Large-MAF family through MARE sequence and that ARK5 may in part mediate the aggressive phenotype associated with c-MAF- and MAFB-expressing myelomas.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Physiology Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute East, 6-5-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8577, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iida
authors.forename: Miyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kato-Uranishi
authors.forename: Emi
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Fenghuang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhan
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hanamura
authors.forename: Yongsheng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Ryuzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Barlogie
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esumi
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D017931:DNA Primers; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051473:Maf Transcription Factors, Large / Q000502:physiology*; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D051473:Maf Transcription Factors, Large; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C470845:NUAK1 protein, human