title: Heart rate variability in non-apneic snorers and controls before and after continuous positive airway pressure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that sympathetic nervous system activity (SNSA) is increased and parasympathetic nervous system activity (PNSA) is decreased during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in non-apneic, otherwise healthy, snoring individuals compared to control. Moreover, we hypothesized that these alterations in snoring individuals would be more evident during non-snoring than snoring when compared to control.
  
  
  METHODS
  To test these hypotheses, heart rate variability was used to measure PNSA and SNSA in 11 normotensive non-apneic snorers and 12 control subjects before and 7-days after adapting to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that SNSA was increased and PNSA was decreased in non-apneic snorers during NREM compared to control. However, these changes were only evident during the study in which snoring was eliminated with nCPAP. Conversely, during periods of snoring SNSA and PNSA were similar to measures obtained from the control group. Additionally, within the control group, SNSA and PNSA did not vary before and after nCPAP application.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that long-lasting alterations in autonomic function may exist in snoring subjects that are otherwise healthy. Moreover, we speculate that because of competing inputs (i.e. inhibitory versus excitatory inputs) to the autonomic nervous system during snoring, the full impact of snoring on autonomic function is most evident during non-snoring periods.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. gjg12@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gates
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mateika
authors.forename: Jason H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Mateika
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012890:Sleep; D012913:Snoring / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy*