title: Lymphoproliferative disease after renal transplantation in Australia and New Zealand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lymphoproliferative disease is a common and serious complication of organ transplantation. It is well documented that the risk of its development increases with the level of immunosuppression. Less is known about its incidence, prevalence, timing, and prognosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with lymphoproliferative disease after renal transplantation documented in the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry from 1970 to March 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred ninety-seven cases of lymphoproliferative disease occurred in 15,930 allografts in 13,516 recipients. There has been a steady increase in its incidence and prevalence each decade since 1970. Cases cluster into an early group (<2 years after transplantation) and a late group (5-10 years after transplantation). Risk factors include exposure to a calcineurin inhibitor, but there was no increased risk in those treated with anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies. Patient survival was poor: 51% at 1 year and 39% at 5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lymphoproliferative disease is an increasingly common problem after renal transplantation, and the outcome is poor. Measures to reduce its incidence might include reduction of long-term immunosuppression exposure. Established disease has a high short-term mortality, and new treatment options, such as anti-B-lymphocyte monoclonal antibodies, should be aggressively pursued.
authors.affiliation: Renal Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. rfaull@mail.rah.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Faull
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hollett
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D020031:Epstein-Barr Virus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D017582:Renal Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012086:Reoperation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012189:Retrospective Studies