title: Potential of a tropical subsurface constructed wetland to remove phenol from pre-treated pulp and papermill wastewater.
abstract: The capacity of a pilot project subsurface flow constructed wetland in the tropics to remove phenol from pre-treated pulp and paper mill wastewater was studied under varying hydraulic retention times (HRT) with batch loading. Initial 15 months results indicate that removal efficiencies for phenol were variable but on average reached 60% at 5-day HRT and 77% at 3-day HRT. It was thought that the longer retention time might have caused oxygen and nutrient deficiencies, which may have reduced removal performance. Although phenol was sometimes not detectable in the wetland outflow, on average values over the experimental period did not meet set national guidelines. In the ongoing study, the impact of varying hydraulic retention time and/or loading rate on the removal of phenols will be evaluated and the main removal process established.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Water Resources Management and Development, P.O. Box 2657 Kisumu, Kenya. mabira59@yahoo.com
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abira
authors.forename: J J A
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van Bruggen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Denny
mesh_terms: D017753:Ecosystem; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010209:Paper; D019800:Phenol / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014872:Water Movements; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste; D019800:Phenol