title: C-reactive protein and cerebral small-vessel disease: the Rotterdam Scan Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory processes are involved in the development and consequences of atherosclerosis. Whether these processes are also involved in cerebral small-vessel disease is unknown. Cerebral white matter lesions and lacunar brain infarcts are caused by small-vessel disease and are commonly observed on MRI scans in elderly people. These lesions are associated with an increased risk of stroke and dementia. We assessed whether higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were related to white matter lesion and lacunar infarcts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We based our study on 1033 participants of the population-based Rotterdam Scan Study for whom complete data on CRP levels were available and who underwent brain MRI scanning. Subjects were 60 to 90 years of age and free of dementia at baseline. Six hundred thirty-six subjects had a second MRI scan on average 3.3 years later. We used multivariate regression models to assess the associations between CRP levels and markers of small-vessel disease. Higher CRP levels were associated with presence and progression of white matter lesions, particularly with marked lesion progression (ORs for highest versus lowest quartile of CRP 3.1 [95% CI 1.3 to 7.2] and 2.5 [95% CI 1.1 to 5.6] for periventricular and subcortical white matter lesion progression, respectively). These associations persisted after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and carotid atherosclerosis. Persons with higher CRP levels tended to have more prevalent and incident lacunar infarcts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inflammatory processes may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral small-vessel disease, in particular, the development of white matter lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 1738, 3000DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: van Dijk
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Vermeer
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Vrooman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koudstaal
authors.forename: M M B
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Breteler
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002097:C-Reactive Protein