Neuropsychiatric manifestations of HIV infection and AIDS.
As the life expectancy of people living with HIV infection has increased (through recent advances in antiretroviral therapy), clinicians have been more likely to encounter neuropsychiatric manifestations of the disease. Some patients present with cognitive deficits due to an HIV-triggered neurotoxic cascade in the central nervous system. However, more patients present with a depressive spectrum disorder during the course of their illness, the underlying pathogenesis of which is not as well understood. This category of psychiatric disorders presents diagnostic challenges because of the many neurovegetative confounding factors that are present in association with HIV illness. As quality of life becomes a more central consideration in the management of this chronic illness, better awareness of these neuropsychiatric manifestations is paramount. This article reviews these clinical issues and the available psychopharmacologic treatment options.
Dubé
Benoit
B
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. bedube@mail.med.upenn.edu
Benton
Tami
T
Cruess
Dean G
DG
Evans
Dwight L
DL
D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000523:psychology*; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors