title: Allele epsilon 4 of APOE is a stronger predictor of Alzheimer risk in Sicily than in continental South Italy.
abstract: The genotype of apolipoprotein E was examined in 173 sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 132 with late onset (LOAD) and 41 with early onset (EOAD), and in 174 healthy matched controls from Sicily. Despite a low frequency of the epsilon 4 allele (6.3%, 95% CI: 4.2--9.4) in controls, epsilon 4 allele was a stronger predictor of AD risk (odds ratio: 5.8, 95% CI: 3.5--9.4; p<0.0001) than in most of the studies performed in other regions of Italy, and it has no influence on age at onset. epsilon 4/epsilon 4 and epsilon 4/epsilon 3 genotypes were similar predictors of AD risk. Conversely, a decreased risk was found in epsilon 3 allele carriers (odds ratio: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2--0.4; p<0.0001), which remained significant when considering EOAD cases only (odds ratio: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1--0.4, p<0.0001). In conclusion, differences in association strength of epsilon 4 allele with AD between Sicily and other regions of Italy suggest an influence of complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions.
authors.affiliation: IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S. - Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, 94018 Troina (EN), Enna, Italy. pbosco@oasi.en.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bosco
authors.forename: Rosa-Maria
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Guéant-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anello
authors.forename: Rosario S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Spada
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Caraci
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Jean-Louis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Guéant
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004777:Environment; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D005820:Genetic Testing; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012306:Risk; D012802:Sicily / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E