title: Simple biodosimetry method for cases of high-dose radiation exposure using the ratio of the longest/shortest length of Giemsa-stained drug-induced prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC).
abstract: The aim was to develop a simple biodosimetry method for as rapid as possible estimation of absorbed radiation doses in victims of radiation accidents, in particular after high-dose exposure. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were gamma-irradiated in vitro with several doses up to 40 Gy stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) for 2 days and their chromosomes condensed prematurely using 50 nm calyculin A. Chromosome lengths of Giemsa-stained G2 prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC) were measured using image analysing software and the ratio of the longest/shortest chromosome length was calculated. The length ratio (LR) of the longest/shortest Giemsa-stained chromosome s increased with a good correlation to the square root of the radiation dose (D) up to 40 Gy, i.e. LR = (4.90 x D0.5) + 2.14. The LR of the longest/shortest chromosome might be used as an index for estimating the radiation dose. The blood samples should not be cooled until the start of separation/stimulation of the lymphocytes. A rapid and easy estimation of large doses after whole-body exposure was identified by measuring the ratio of the longest/shortest length of Giemsa-stained G2-PCC induced by calyculin A. This simple protocol will be particularly useful for making therapy decisions for victims of ionizing radiation exposure and has potential for use as a biodosimeter for partial-body exposure accidents.
authors.affiliation: Division of Genetic Resources, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan. egotoh@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gotoh
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tanno
mesh_terms: D001399:Azure Stains; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000379:methods; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000528:radiation effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005720:Gamma Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D018788:Radioactive Hazard Release; D011874:Radiometry
chemical_list: D001399:Azure Stains; D004396:Coloring Agents; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; C028784:phytohemagglutinin-P