title: Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: categorization of sonographic findings and report of 3 new signs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to categorize the sonographic findings seen in patients with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to describe 3 previously undescribed sonographic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1997 to December 2003, we evaluated 388 consecutive patients with an AAA (transverse aortic diameter >30 mm). Among these patients, 29 had surgical or computed tomographic demonstration of aneurysm rupture. The remaining 359 were asymptomatic and had no evidence of AAA rupture at follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings recognized among 29 positive cases included AAA deformation (n = 12), luminal thrombus inhomogeneity (n = 20), clear interruption of a luminal thrombus (n = 5), retroperitoneal hematoma (n = 22), and hemoperitoneum (n = 11). In addition, 3 previously unreported findings were noted: an intraluminal floating thrombus layer (n = 8), a parietal hypoechoic focus due to aneurysm wall interruption (n = 3), and a para-aortic hypoechoic area adjacent to the bleeding side (n = 4). Aside from AAA deformation and thrombus heterogeneity, no other signs were recognized among subjects with a nonruptured aneurysm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the past, sonography has been used mainly to rapidly confirm aneurysm presence in the clinical setting of a patient with a suspected rupture. Instead, this retrospective series shows how this imaging technique can frequently identify several direct and indirect signs of aneurysm rupture itself. Moreover, 3 new indicators of AAA rupture have been observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Istituto Pascale, Naples, Italy. orlandcat@tin.it
authors.forename: Orlando
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Siani
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D001019:Aortic Rupture / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014463:Ultrasonography