title: Lateral malleolus en bloc resection and ankle reconstruction for malignant tumors.
abstract: Four children and six adults required en bloc resection of the lateral malleolus for malignant tumors. There were four osteosarcomas, three chondrosarcomas, two Ewing's sarcomas, and one adamantinoma. Surgical margins were wide in seven patients, marginal in two, and intralesional in one. A primary ankle arthrodesis was done in four adults and bracing without any reconstruction was done in four children and two adults. During a mean followup of 14.5 years (range, 3-30 years), there were two local recurrences (two of 10 patients) after a marginal excision and an intralesional excision. One patient had reoperation for a skip osteosarcoma lesion in the proximal fibula. Other complications included chronic osteomyelitis, a lateral talus subluxation and cavovarus deformity, and recurrent ankle instability and degenerative changes of the ankle. At the latest followup, all 10 patients showed no evidence of disease. Five patients who had primary or late ankle arthrodesis had a Musculoskeletal Tumor Society and International Society of Limb Salvage functional score of 28 points (92%), and two adolescents who had postoperative bracing alone had a functional score of 24 points (80%). The three remaining patients had a salvage amputation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series--no, or historical control group). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Orthopedics, Athens University Medical School, Greece. pjp@hol.gr
authors.forename: Panayiotis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Papagelopoulos
authors.forename: Olga D
authors.initials: OD
authors.lastname: Savvidou
authors.forename: Andreas F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mavrogenis
authors.forename: Evanthia C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Galanis
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Shaughnessy
authors.forename: Krishnan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Unni
authors.forename: Franklin H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Sim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D001175:Arthrography; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000379:methods*; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005360:Fibula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018215:Osteoblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012516:Osteosarcoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome