title: Normative data for P1/N1-latencies of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials induced by air- or bone-conducted tone bursts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The response characteristics of acoustically elicited vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) largely depend on the stimuli applied. A tone-burst stimulation of 500 Hz seems to be clinically most appropriate because those VEMPs can be elicited at the lowest stimulus intensity possible. The aim of the present paper was to describe normative data for tone-burst evoked VEMPs.
  
  
  METHODS
  VEMPs of 64 healthy subjects were recorded ipsilaterally during air- or bone-conducted tone burst stimulation. The EMG of the tonically activated sternocleidomastoid muscle was recorded ipsilaterally by surface electrodes. Averages were taken for P1/N1-latencies and -amplitudes of male and female volunteers within 3 different age groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The latencies did not show any significant differences between female and male volunteers or between air- and bone-conducted stimulation. The latencies did also not show any significant difference among the 3 age groups. The limits for normal latencies (mean + 2 SD) are, therefore, 20.3 ms for P1 and 28.0 ms for N1. Although the P1/N1-amplitudes were decreased with increasing age, the tonic muscle activity was not significantly different between the age groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings strongly suggest the evaluation of VEMP latencies by using normative values obtained exactly with the same stimulus parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Normative data as described in the present study are required to detect isolated saccular defects which are indicative of a vestibular disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology at UKB, Hospital of the University of Berlin, Charité Medical School, Warener Str. 7, 12683 Berlin, Germany. dietmar.basta@ukb.de
authors.forename: Dietmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Basta
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Todt
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ernst
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000388:Air; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology; D004576:Electromyography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology*