title: Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome associated with Kaposi's sarcoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A proportion of patients with HIV infection who subsequently receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) exhibit a deterioration in their clinical status, despite control of virologic and immunologic parameters. This clinical response, known as the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), occurs secondary to an immune response against previously diagnosed pathogens.
  
  
  METHODS
  From our cohort of 5,832 patients treated in the HAART era, we identified 150 therapy-naive patients with a first presentation of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Their clinicopathologic features and progress were recorded prospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After commencing HAART, ten patients (6.6%) developed progressive KS, which we identify as IRIS-associated KS. In a comparison of these individuals with those whose KS did not progress, we found that IRIS-KS occurred in patients with higher CD4 counts (P = .03), KS-associated edema (P = .01), and therapy with both protease inhibitors and non-nucleosides together (P = .03). Time to treatment failure was similar for both groups, although the CD4 count declined more rapidly at first, in those patients with IRIS-associated KS. Despite this initial decline, in our clinical experience HAART could be successfully continued in those with IRIS-associated KS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified IRIS-KS in a cohort of HIV patients with KS who start HAART.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK. m.bower@ic.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thirlwell
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Newsom-Davis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mandalia
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dhillon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: B G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Gazzard
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stebbing
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012514:Sarcoma, Kaposi / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology*; D013577:Syndrome