title: Randomized controlled trial of the cognitive side-effects of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and electroconvulsive shock (ECS).
abstract: Magnetic seizure therapy (MST) is under development as a means of improving the cognitive side-effect profile of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) by inducing more spatially delimited seizures that spare cortical regions involved in memory. We tested whether MST had a cognitive side-effect profile distinct from electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in a non-human primate model, using the Columbia University Primate Cognitive Profile, which has been shown to be sensitive to the cognitive effects of ECS. Using a within-subject cross-over design, daily ECS, MST, and sham (anaesthesia-only) interventions were administered in 5-wk blocks. Rhesus macaques (n = 2) were trained on a long-term memory task, an anterograde learning and memory task, and a combined anterograde and retrograde task where learning and memory were evaluated for new and previously learned 3-item lists. Acutely following each intervention, monkeys were tested on the cognitive battery twice daily, separated by a 3-h retention interval. Overall, monkeys were least accurate following ECS (p's < 0.05) compared to sham and MST. This effect was most marked for long-term memory of a constant target, short-term memory of a variable target and recall of previously learned 3-item lists. Monkeys were slowest to complete all tasks following ECS (p's = 0.0001). Time to task completion following MST did not differ from sham. These findings suggest that MST results in a more benign acute cognitive side-effect profile than ECS in this model, consistent with initial observations with human MST.
authors.affiliation: Magnetic Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Biological Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA. tdm12@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Tammy D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Moscrip
authors.forename: Herbert S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Terrace
authors.forename: Harold A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sackeim
authors.forename: Sarah H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lisanby
mesh_terms: D020324:Amnesia, Anterograde / Q000209:etiology; D000648:Amnesia, Retrograde / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D003071:Cognition; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D055590:Electromagnetic Phenomena; D004597:Electroshock / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007858:Learning; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors