title: Incidence of trichothecenes and zearalenone in poultry feed mixtures from Slovakia.
abstract: A total of 50 samples of poultry feed mixtures of Slovakian origin were analyzed for eight toxicologically significant Fusarium mycotoxins, namely zearalenone (ZON), A-trichothecenes: diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 toxin (T-2) and HT-2 toxin (HT-2) and B-trichothecenes: deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and nivalenol (NIV). The A-trichothecenes and the B-trichothecenes were detected by means of high pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC-ECD), respectively. Reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (RP-HPLC-FLD) was used for ZON detection. The most frequent mycotoxin detected was T-2, which was found in 45 samples (90%) in relatively low concentrations ranging from 1 to 130 microg kg(-1) (average 13 microg kg(-1)), followed by ZON that was found in 44 samples (88%) in concentrations ranging from 3 to 86 microg kg(-1) (average 21 microg kg(-1)). HT-2 and DON were detected in 38 (76%) and 28 (56%) samples, respectively, in concentrations of 2 to 173 (average 18 microg kg(-1)) for HT-2 and 64 to 1230 microg kg(-1) sample (average 303 microg kg(-1)) for DON. The acetyl-derivatives of DON were in just four samples, while NIV was not detected in any of the samples investigated. In as many as 22 samples (44%), a combination of four simultaneously co-occurring mycotoxins, i.e. T-2, HT-2, ZON and DON, was revealed. Despite the limited number of samples investigated during this study poultry feed mixtures may represent a risk from a toxicological point of view and should be regarded as a potential source of the Fusarium mycotoxins in Central Europe. This is the first reported study dealing with zearalenone and trichothecene contamination of poultry mixed feeds from Slovakia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Nitra, Slovak Republic. Roman.Labuda@uniag.sk
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Labuda
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parich
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berthiller
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tancinová
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005504:Food Analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D015994:Incidence; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D011200:Poultry; D018154:Slovakia; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone