title: Intent to become pregnant as a predictor of exposures during pregnancy: is there a relation?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the relationship between intent to be pregnant and selected maternal exposures during pregnancy.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1982-1983, 3,029 women who gave birth to infants without birth defects from 1968-1980 (the control mothers from a large case-control study of birth defects) completed a detailed telephone interview. This analysis examined behaviors reported in the third month of pregnancy because most women would be aware of their pregnancies by the end of the first trimester, and our primary interest was assessing exposures that occurred after pregnancy recognition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women who reported unintended pregnancies tended to be younger, nonwhite and less educated, and tended to have higher gravidity than women who reported intended pregnancies. After adjustingfor maternal age, education, race and previous adverse pregnancy outcome, women who reported unintended pregnancies were more likely to report smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.7), illicit drug use (OR=3.4, 95% CI 1.9, 6.4), not taking vitamins (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.7), and alcohol use (OR=1.2, 95% CI 0.99, 1.4) than women who had intended pregnancies. No association was observed between pregnancy intention and medication use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that women who report having unintended pregnancies are more likely to have some exposures that may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
authors.affiliation: National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, and Office of Genomics and Disease Prevention, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Lara C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Than
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Honein
authors.forename: Margaret L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Paula W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Katherine Lyon
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Adolfo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Correa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008425:Maternal Behavior / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D049168:Pregnancy, Unplanned / Q000523:psychology*; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D014481:United States; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins