title: Syntheses and biological activities of disaccharide daunorubicins.
abstract: Carbohydrate moiety is found in many anticancer nature products. To explore the carbohydrate moiety of daunorubicin in enhancing anticancer efficacy, several daunorubicin derivatives bearing disaccharide (1-8) have been synthesized. Their cytotoxicities were tested in leukemia K562 and colon cancer SW620 cells. Topoisomerase II (topo II) poisoning was performed with the in vivo complex of topoisomerase bioassay. In both cell lines, compounds with various terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugars (compounds 1, 3, 5, and 8) showed 30- to 60-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with 2-deoxy- or 6-deoxy sugar (compounds 6 and 7). Compounds with an alpha-linkage between two sugar units (compound 3) showed 35-fold higher anticancer activity than compounds with a beta-linkage (compound 4). In addition, the anticancer activities of these compounds correlated with their ability to target topo II mediated genomic DNA damage in vivo. Compounds 1 and 3 with 2,6-dideoxy sugars produced more covalent topo-DNA complex than compounds with 2-deoxy sugar (6) and 6-deoxy sugar (7). Compounds with an alpha-configuration of terminal 2,6-dideoxy sugar (compounds 1 and 3) showed higher topo II poisoning than their counterparts with the beta-configuration (compounds 2 and 4). These results indicate that sugar moieties in daunorubicin play a significant role in its anticancer activity and topo II inhibition. The second sugar of disaccharide daunorubicin should possess 2,6-dideoxy with alpha-linkage to the first sugar to exhibit better anticancer activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Guisheng
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lanyan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Lizhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Josephine E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Aimiuwu
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Gun Eui
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Duxin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Peng George
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008968:Molecular Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004187:Disaccharides; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; D003630:Daunorubicin