title: Determinants of exaggerated difference in morning and evening blood pressure measured by self-measured blood pressure monitoring in medicated hypertensive patients: Jichi Morning Hypertension Research (J-MORE) Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morning blood pressure (BP) surge in ambulatory BP monitoring was a risk factor for stroke in our previous study. We studied the determinants of the morning minus evening systolic BP difference (ME difference) in self-measured BP monitoring, as a possible risk factor for stroke in medicated hypertensive patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred sixty-nine hypertensive outpatients receiving stable antihypertensive drug treatment were studied using self-measured BP monitoring in the morning and evening.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ME difference ranged from -37.3 to 53.3 mm Hg (mean 7.9 mm Hg). The highest quartile (Q4) of the ME difference group (>15.0 mm Hg) had older age (68.0+/-9.8 years v 66.2+/-10.3 years, P=.01) and higher prevalence of men (48.3% v 39.9%, P=.02), regular alcohol drinkers (34.7% v 26.0%, P=.01) and beta-blocker use (26.9% v 19.9%, P=.03) than the other quartile groups (Q1 to Q3), whereas there was no significant difference in the average of morning and evening (ME average) BP. In logistic regression analysis controlling for ME average and other confounding factors, independent risks for Q4 of ME difference were older age (10 years older: odds ratio [OR] 1.21, P=.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.42), regular alcohol drinker (OR 1.51, P=.04, 95% CI 1.01-2.26), and beta-blocker use (OR 1.50, P=.02, 95% CI 1.06-2.12).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Older age, beta-blocker use, and regular alcohol drinking were significant determinants of the exaggerated ME difference in medicated hypertensive patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Jichi Medial School, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Kazuomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kario
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoshide
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morinari
authors.forename: Ruri
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Umeda
authors.forename: Shizukiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hojo
authors.forename: Kazuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shimada
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000503:physiopathology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents