Urinary pharmacokinetics of cyanidin glycosides in healthy young men following consumption of elderberry juice.
We investigated the urinary pharmacokinetics of monomeric anthocyanins in seven healthy volunteers. The volunteers were administered a single oral dose of 3.57 g total anthocyanins contained in 150 ml of a concentrated elderberry juice under fasting conditions. Within 24 h the urinary excretion of unchanged cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside (cyanidin-3-sambubioside-5-glucoside and cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside were calculated as cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside equivalents), cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside and total anthocyanins (i.e., the sum of all quantifiable anthocyanidin glycosides) was 0.16, 0.06, 0.05 and 0.06% of the administered doses, respectively. Maximum excretion rates were determined within 1.0 h after intake. The estimates (arithmetic mean +/- SD) of t1/2 were 1.25 +/- 0.25, 1.53 +/- 0.36, 1.38 +/- 0.20 and 1.35 +/- 0.18 h for cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside and total anthocyanins, respectively. The urinary excretion of intact anthocyanins was fast and the decline of excretion rates appeared to be monophasic, suggesting a one-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The low urinary excretion of dietary anthocyanidin glycosides with values below 1% indicates that a large proportion of these plant pigments consumed are metabolized before entry into the circulation.
Frank
T
T
Solvay Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Hans-Boeckler-Allee 20, D-30173 Hannover, Germany. dr_thomas_frank@web.de
Sonntag
S
S
Strass
G
G
Bitsch
I
I
Bitsch
R
R
Netzel
M
M
D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D001628:Beverages; D005260:Female; D005960:Glucosides / Q000652:urine*; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D027923:Sambucus
D000872:Anthocyanins; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside