title: Asymmetric dimethylarginine, L-arginine, and endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the relationship between ADMA plasma levels and endothelium-dependent vasodilation in 36 never-treated essential hypertensives and in 8 normotensive healthy subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been demonstrated that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is impaired in essential hypertension. The potential contribution of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) to endothelial dysfunction of hypertensive humans has received poor attention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endothelial function was measured during intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh), alone and during co-infusion of L-arginine, and sodium nitroprusside at increasing doses. Concentrations of ADMA and L-arginine in plasma were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensive subjects had significantly higher ADMA and L-arginine plasma concentrations than normotensive healthy controls; ACh-stimulated forearm blood flow (FBF) was significantly reduced in hypertensive subjects in comparison to normotensive control subjects (p < 0.0001). Intra-arterial coinfusion of L-arginine induced a further significant enhancement in ACh-stimulated vasodilation in hypertensive patients. In these, ADMA was strongly and inversely associated with the peak increase in FBF. In a multivariate model, only ADMA and L-arginine were independent correlates, accounting for 33.9% and 8.9% of the variability in the peak FBF response to ACh (p < 0.0001), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The main finding in this study is that in essential hypertensives the L-arginine and endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, ADMA, are inversely related to endothelial function.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Diseases Unit, Department of Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica "G. Salvatore," University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. perticone@unicz.it
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Perticone
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciacqua
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maio
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perticone
authors.forename: Renke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Maas
authors.forename: Rainer H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Boger
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tripepi
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sesti
authors.forename: Carmine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zoccali
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001120:Arginine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D008297:Male; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D009599:Nitroprusside; C018524:N,N-dimethylarginine; D001120:Arginine; D000109:Acetylcholine