title: [6]-Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: [6]-Gingerol, a pungent ingredient of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Zingiberaceae), has anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor-promoting activities. Here, we describe its novel anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, [6]-gingerol inhibited both the VEGF- and bFGF-induced proliferation of human endothelial cells and caused cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. It also blocked capillary-like tube formation by endothelial cells in response to VEGF, and strongly inhibited sprouting of endothelial cells in the rat aorta and formation of new blood vessel in the mouse cornea in response to VEGF. Moreover, i.p. administration, without reaching tumor cytotoxic blood levels, to mice receiving i.v. injection of B16F10 melanoma cells, reduced the number of lung metastasis, with preservation of apparently healthy behavior. Taken together, these results demonstrate that [6]-gingerol inhibits angiogenesis and may be useful in the treatment of tumors and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Eok-Cheon
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jeong-Ki
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Tae-Yoon
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Shin-Jeong
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyun-Ok
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Sanghwa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young-Myeong
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Guen
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Kwon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002396:Catechols; D002453:Cell Cycle; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003094:Collagen / Q000737:chemistry; D003315:Cornea / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase; D020939:Zingiber officinale / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007797:Laminin / Q000737:chemistry; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009153:Mutagens; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014471:Umbilical Veins / Q000166:cytology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002396:Catechols; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D007797:Laminin; D009153:Mutagens; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011509:Proteoglycans; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; C059485:matrigel; D019938:Cyclin D1; D003094:Collagen; D004247:DNA; C007845:gingerol