title: Prevention of remodeling in congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction by blockade of the renin-angiotensin system.
abstract: Ventricular remodeling subsequent to myocardial infarction (MI) is a complex process and is considered to be a major determinant of the clinical course of congestive heart failure (CHF). Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in post-MI ventricular remodeling; however, it is becoming clear that this is one of several neurohumoral systems that are activated in CHF. Blockade of RAS by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists attenuates the ventricular dysfunction, but the effects of individual drugs in reducing the morbidity and mortality in CHF patients are variable. Furthermore, there is a difference of opinion as to the time of initiation of therapy with RAS blockers after the onset of MI. Since blockade of RAS partially improves cardiac function, it is suggested that a combination therapy involving RAS blockers (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists) and agents that affect other neurohumoral systems may prove useful for improved treatment of CHF. Although activation of RAS has been shown to promote oxidative stress in experimental studies, the use of antioxidant therapy in CHF patients is controversial. Recent experimental studies have shown that ventricular remodeling in CHF is associated with remodeling of subcellular organelles such as sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils and extracellular matrix in terms of their molecular structure and composition. Since attenuation of remodeling in one and/or more subcellular organelles by different agents may prevent the progression of CHF, it is a challenge to develop specific drugs affecting molecular mechanisms associated with subcellular remodeling for the improved therapy of CHF.
authors.affiliation: University of Manitoba, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Harjot K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Saini
authors.forename: Jingwei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ramesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Goyal
authors.forename: Naranjan S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Dhalla
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors