title: Regression of NMU-induced mammary tumors with the combination of melatonin and 9-cis-retinoic acid.
abstract: A significant increase in tumor regression was induced in N-nitroso-N-methylurea-induced mammary tumors in rats treated with the combination of melatonin and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA). Treatment groups included: control (ethanolic saline), 9cRA (30 mg/kg chow/day), melatonin 500 microg/day, melatonin 1000 microg/day, melatonin 500 microg/day+9cRA and melatonin 1000 microg/day+9cRA. Rats treated with the lower dose of melatonin 500 microg+9cRA show the greatest degree of tumor regression (78%), with 54% undergoing complete regression and a significant increase in apoptotic cells observed by TUNEL Assay. Furthermore, tumor multiplicity and burden were significantly decreased by the combination of melatonin and 9cRA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 555905, USA; Department of Surgery, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Melancon
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Kiefer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiyagarajah
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hill
mesh_terms: D000077556:Alitretinoin; D000818:Animals; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D008550:Melatonin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077556:Alitretinoin; D014212:Tretinoin; D008770:Methylnitrosourea; D008550:Melatonin