title: Quality of ambulatory care for women and men in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gender differences in inpatient quality of care are well known. However, whether men and women receive equivalent ambulatory care is less well understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study gender differences in quality of care for patients receiving primary care in the Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional samples of VA enrollees during fiscal years 1999 to 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of 6,442 to 86,405 men and women treated at VA facilities for whom at least 1 of 9 quality measures was available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Appropriate general preventive services (pneumococcal vaccination, influenza vaccination, colorectal cancer screening), and specific services for diabetes (annual hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] testing, good glycemic control, annual diabetic eye exam), hypertension (good blood pressure control), or prior myocardial infarction (use of beta-blockers or aspirin).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In adjusted analyses, there were no substantial gender differences in rates of appropriate care. For women compared with men, the adjusted relative risk for appropriate care ranged from 0.96 for blood pressure control (95% confidence interval: 0.93 to 0.99; P=.02) to 1.05 for HbA1c< or =8.0% (95% confidence interval: 1.03 to 1.07; P<.01). Analyses stratified by age demonstrated equivalent care between men and women in 9 of the 14 subgroups evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this large national health care system that predominantly serves men, the quality of ambulatory care is equivalent for women and men on numerous measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ajha@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ashish K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Perlin
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Peabody
authors.forename: John Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Ayanian
mesh_terms: D000553:Ambulatory Care / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000592:standards; D014481:United States; D014493:United States Department of Veterans Affairs