title: Monoclonal antibody against E selectin attenuates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increasing evidence indicates that inflammatory responses are implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the role of adhesion molecules in SAH-induced vasospasm is less clear. This study was designed to examine the effect of a highly specific antibody, monoclonal anti-E-selectin antibody, on cerebral vasospasm in a new murine SAH model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental SAH was induced in C57Black/6J mice by injecting autogenous blood into the cisterna magna, and anti-E-selectin antibody was administered intravenously immediately after SAH. All animals were killed by perfusion-fixation 24 hours after SAH. The diameters of anterior cerebral arteries (ACAs) were measured after arteries were cast with gelatin and india ink. Peripheral white blood cell count was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average diameters of ACA were reduced by 22% and 25% in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups, respectively, when compared with the healthy control group. After treatment with 12.5, 4, and 1 microg of anti-E-selectin antibody in mice subject to SAH, the average diameter of ACA was decreased by 9%, 10%, and 22%, respectively, when compared with the healthy control group. The protective effects of anti-E-selectin antibody achieved statistical significance at doses of 12.5 and 4 microg. Animals in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups exhibited leukopenia. Administration of 12.5, 4, and 1 microg of anti-E-selectin antibody reduced leukopenia, and the total white blood cell count obtained in animals treated with 12.5- and 4-microg doses were significantly higher as compared with SAH animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings provide the first evidence that anti-E-selectin antibody was effective in prevention of SAH-induced vasospasm and imply a possible role of E selectin in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after SAH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Chih-Lung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Aaron S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dumont
authors.forename: Tarkan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Calisaneller
authors.forename: Aij-Lie
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Shen-Long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hwong
authors.forename: Kevin S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020771:Anterior Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D020301:Vasospasm, Intracranial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019040:E-Selectin