title: Bone morphogenetic protein 4 promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
abstract: We show that 1 of the type II bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor ligands, BMP4, is widely expressed in the adult mouse lung and is upregulated in hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH). Furthermore, heterozygous null Bmp4(lacZ/+) mice are protected from the development of hypoxia-induced PH, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular remodeling. This is associated with a reduction in hypoxia-induced Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation and Id1 expression in the pulmonary vasculature. In addition, pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells secrete BMP4 in response to hypoxia and promote proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells in a BMP4-dependent fashion. These findings indicate that BMP4 plays a dominant role in regulating BMP signaling in the hypoxic pulmonary vasculature and suggest that endothelium-derived BMP4 plays a direct, paracrine role in promoting smooth muscle proliferation and remodeling in hypoxic PH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: Amir
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abtahi
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Suzanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shyr
authors.forename: Ambra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pozzi
authors.forename: H Scott
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Baldwin
authors.forename: Joyce E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Caestecker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D002450:Cell Communication; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000150:complications*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000473:pathology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins