title: The daily valine requirement of healthy adult Indians determined by the 24-h indicator amino acid balance approach.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU requirement for valine was set at 10 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) on the basis of nitrogen balance studies carried out in Western subjects. It is likely that the requirement is higher, however, because the requirement of another branched-chain amino acid, leucine, was found to be about 3 times as high (40 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) as the 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU value (14 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the valine requirement in healthy, well-nourished Indians by using 7 test valine intakes (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) and the 24-h indicator amino acid oxidation (24-h IAAO) and balance (24-h IAAB) method, with phenylalanine as the indicator amino acid, while maintaining leucine intake at 40 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen healthy, well-nourished Indian men were studied during each of 3 randomly assigned 7-d diet periods supplying valine intakes that were equally placed on either side of a putative mean valine requirement of 20 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1). Twenty-four-hour IAAO and 24-h IAAB were measured on day 7 by use of a 24-h [13C]phenylalanine tracer infusion. The breakpoint in the relation between these values and the valine intake was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two-phase linear regression of daily phenylalanine oxidation or balance against valine intake estimated a breakpoint in the response curve at a valine intake of 17 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) (95% Fieller's CI: 11, > 35 and 11, 28 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  From the 24-h IAAO/IAAB approach, a mean valine requirement of 17 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) is proposed for healthy, well-nourished Indian adults.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition, Institute of Population Health and Clinical Research, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India. a.kurpad@iphcr.res.in
authors.forename: Anura V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Kurpad
authors.forename: Meredith M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Regan
authors.forename: Tony D S
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Raj
authors.forename: Justin V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Gnanou
authors.forename: Vidya N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Vernon R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000378:metabolism*; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D010649:Phenylalanine; D014633:Valine