title: Acute toxicities of four metals on the early life stages of the crab Chasmagnathus granulata from Bahía Blanca estuary, Argentina.
abstract: Acute semistatic toxicity tests were carried out for 96 h with first zoeae and young crabs of Chasmagnathus granulata. Survival curves and LC50 (lethal concentration 50, the concentration which produces the death of 50% of the exposed population) indices for copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead were determined. Furthermore, mixture toxicity tests (Cd/Cu and Cd/Zn) with first-stage larvae were also carried out. The LC50-96 h values determined in this study were 1093.4 (881-1319) microg Pb2+ L(-1), 219.2 (188.9-248.9) microg Cu2+ L(-1), 172.1 (141.3-203.6) microg Zn2+ L(-1), and 47.8 (37.9-58.0) microg Cd2+ L(-1) for zoeae I and 130.1 (121.7-139.0) mg Cu2+ L(-1), 51.0 (41.9-61.6) mg Zn2+ L(-1), and 35.7 (30.1-41.9) mg Cd2+ L(-1) for young crabs. The LC50-96 h indices for mixture tests with zoeae I were 260.6 (227.3-286.3) microg Cd2+/Zn2+ L(-1) and 41.3 (37.4-60.7) microg Cd2+/Cu2+ L(-1). Cadmium presented the highest acute toxicity for both stages of the life cycle examined. The toxicity of the metals analyzed followed the order cadmium >zinc>copper>lead. First zoeae were more sensitive than young crabs to acute exposure to all metals analyzed. The young crabs were considered potentially dangerous agents of transference to the associated trophic chain because of their relatively elevated resistance and their capacity to bioaccumulate heavy metals in their tissues. Mixed toxicity tests carried out on first-stage larvae showed different kinds of interactions. Cadmium/copper presented an additive interaction trend while the mixture cadmium/zinc showed an antagonistic interaction.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Química Marina, Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Complejo CRIBABB, C.C. 804, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Raúl
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Asteasuain
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcovecchio
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects*; D000818:Animals; D001118:Argentina; D003386:Brachyura / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead; D003300:Copper; D015032:Zinc