Hypertension in chronic kidney disease and dialysis: pathophysiology and management.
Hypertension affects 24% of the adult US population. In the United States, 3% of the adult population has an elevated serum creatinine level, and 70% of these patients have hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD) depends on the patient's age and the severity of renal failure, proteinuria, and underlying renal disease. As patients with CKD progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD), 86% are diagnosed with hypertension. It has long been recognized that kidney function affects and is affected by hypertension. This article discusses the pathophysiology and management of hypertension in patients with CKD.
Agarwal
Rajiv
R
Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Emerson Hall Room 520, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Roudebush VA Medical Center, 1481 West 10th Street 111 N, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. ragarwal@iupui.edu
D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006435:Renal Dialysis