title: Regiocontrolled, palladium-catalyzed bisfunctionalization of allenyl esters. Multicomponent coupling approaches to highly substituted alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactones.
abstract: A palladium-catalyzed regioselective bisfunctionalization of allenyl esters with boronic acids (nucleophiles) and aldehydes (electrophiles) was demonstrated. The three-component coupling afforded alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactones under mild conditions and with excellent chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity. Aromatic, heteroaromatic and vinylic boronic acids (R1B(OH)2) reacted with ethyl 2,3-butadienoate and benzaldehyde to afford the corresponding 4-R(1),6-Ph-disubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactones in 62-78% yields. Lactones derived from aromatic, heteroaromatic, and vinylic aldehydes were isolated in 51-58% yields, while aliphatic aldehydes were less reactive. The regiochemistry of bisfunctionalization of allenyl ester homologues remained controlled by the ester substituent, and the reactions afforded cis-4,5,6-trisubstituted alpha,beta-unsaturated delta-lactones and esters of (Z)-syn-3,4,5-trisubstituted-5-hydroxy-2-pentenoic acids in combined 47-65% yields. The superior performance of a pi-allylpalladium(II) dimer catalyst featuring an auxiliary allyl ligand derived from beta-pinene, among diverse palladium(II) catalysts, was demonstrated. A catalytic cycle involving an unsymmetrical bis-pi-allylpalladium complex as the key intermediate was proposed, and the communication highlights the synthetic potential of such intermediates. However, the efficiency of asymmetry transfer remained low (<20%).
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA.
authors.forename: Chad D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Hopkins
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Helena C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Malinakova
mesh_terms: D002384:Catalysis; D004952:Esters; D007783:Lactones / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D007783:Lactones; D010165:Palladium