title: Constraint-induced therapy for moderate chronic upper extremity impairment after stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the effectiveness of constraint-induced therapy (CIT) in the treatment of individuals with moderate chronic upper extremity paresis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multiple case reports, pre-post-treatment comparisons as well as long-term follow-ups at 1 and 6 months after intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven subjects, each greater than 12 months post-stroke, participated in an intensive 3 weeks CIT programme. The Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL) and Fugl-Meyer Evaluation (FM) were used to measure outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects exhibited notable improvements in mean WMFT scores (0.25 point increase post-treatment, 0.38 point increase at 1-month follow-up, 0.44 point increase at 6-month follow-up). Similarly, improvements were seen for mean MAL (1.71 points for AS, 1.77 points for HW) and FM scores (6 points FM-UE, 6 points FM-TOT) post-treatment. Additional improvements were seen at some follow-up assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Subjects demonstrated gains in objective measures, however, did not regain normal functional ability of their paretic upper extremities. Further investigation of the effects of CIT in this population, as well the functional significance of the objective measures used is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Aurora, Colorado 80011, USA. nbonifer@aol.com
authors.forename: N M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Bonifer
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Arciniegas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001132:Arm; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003071:Cognition; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D011581:Psychological Tests; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D012149:Restraint, Physical; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome