title: How many patients with heart failure are eligible for cardiac resynchronization? Insights from two prospective cohorts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine what proportion of patients with heart failure are eligible for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eligibility criteria from the trials establishing the efficacy of CRT were applied to two prospective cohorts: the first enrolled patients with newly diagnosed heart failure discharged from 103 hospitals between April 1999 and March 2001 ('the hospital discharge cohort'); the second enrolled patients seen in a specialized clinic between August 2003 and January 2004 ('the specialty clinic cohort'). In the hospital discharge cohort, 73 patients (3% of the 2640 patients with ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy and 1% of all 9096 patients with heart failure discharged alive) met trial eligibility criteria: LVEF< or =0.35, QRS > or =120 ms, sinus rhythm, and NYHA class III or IV symptoms despite the treatment with ACE-inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker and beta-blocker. In the specialty clinic cohort, 54 patients (21% of the 263 patients with ischaemic or dilated cardiomyopathy and 17% of all 309 patients with heart failure) met these criteria. If persistent symptoms despite taking spironolactone were required for CRT eligibility, then the proportions qualifying dropped to 1% in the hospital discharge cohort and 18% in the specialty clinic cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Few heart failure patients meet trial eligibility criteria for CRT.
authors.affiliation: The Division of General Internal Medicine, 2E3.24 Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, University of Alberta, 8440 112 Street, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R7, Canada. finlay.mcalister@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Finlay A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: McAlister
authors.forename: Jack V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Douglas S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimber
authors.forename: Bibiana
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cujec
authors.forename: Paul W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Armstrong
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000150:complications; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000150:complications; D018579:Patient Selection; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D013148:Spironolactone