title: Elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been proven in patients with several pre-existing clinical conditions. This study was conducted to evaluate the applicability and safety of elective LC in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions who were receiving anticoagulant treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1998 and December 2002, 33 patients preoperatively receiving long-term anticoagulant therapy for pre-existing disease were scheduled to undergo elective LC for symptomatic gallstone disease in our laparoendoscopic unit. The study group included 19 patients with one valve replacement (57.6%), 1 patient (3%) with two valves replaced, and 1 patient (3%) with three cardiac valves replaced. There were also 9 patients (27.3%) suffering from chronic atrial fibrillation, 1 patient (3%) with a history of deep vein thrombosis, 1 patient with a history of pulmonary embolism, and 1 patient with dilated cardiomyopathy and systemic lupus erythematosous (SLE). Thirty-three non-anticoagulated patients matched for age and sex who were scheduled for elective LC in our department during the same period served as the control group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no intraoperative or postoperative mortality or morbidity in our series. The mean duration of the LC did not differ significantly between the anticoagulated and control groups (63.6 minutes vs. 64.9 minutes, P=0.643). All anticoagulated patients were mobilized by postoperative day 1 and were discharged from the hospital in a mean 3.6+/-0.8 days (median, 3 days; range, 3-6 days) after an uneventful postoperative course. The length of stay was significantly longer in the anticoagulated group of patients (3.6 days vs. 1.5 days in the control group, P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elective LC can be performed safely in patients under anticoagulant therapy for severe pre-existing cardiovascular disease, as long as their cardiopulmonary and coagulation parameters are carefully individualized and adjusted.
authors.affiliation: Laparoendoscopic Unit, Hippokrateion Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Leandros
authors.forename: Ilias P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Gomatos
authors.forename: Panagoula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mami
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kastellanos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Albanopoulos
authors.forename: Manousos M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Konstadoulakis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D017081:Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants