title: Postoperative prognosis of node-negative breast cancers predicted by gene-expression profiling on a cDNA microarray of 25,344 genes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In Japan, postoperative relapse occurs within five years in 9.2 to 16% of patients whose breast cancers have not metastasized to lymph nodes at the time of initial surgery(node-negative, n0). Attempts to find molecular markers able to classify n0 breast cancers in terms of postoperative prognosis have not been successful.
  
  
  METHODS
  To identify molecular indicators of prognosis for this type of cancer, we used a cDNA microarray consisting of 25,344 human genes to investigate expression profiles of 12 primary breast cancers from patients whose tumors recurred within five years after surgery(5Y-R) and 12 from patients who survived disease-free for more than five years (5Y-F).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sets of genes characterizing each group in terms of expression patterns in the tumors were selected by Mann-Whitney and random-permutation tests: these panels included 21 genes expressed highly in 5Y-R tumors than in 5Y-F tumors, and 37 with higher expression in the 5Y-F group than in the 5Y-R group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We established a scoring system to prediction of postoperative prognosis which was 100% accurate as to the actual clinical outcomes of the 24 cases and therefore might be useful for predicting prognosis of n0 breast cancers in a clinical setting. The prognostic score system clearly separated the two groups without any overlap, and accurately predicted prognosis in 6 additional cases. Moreover, the extensive list of tumor-related genes identified in these experiments provides valuable information about progression of breast cancer and suggests potential target molecules for therapy of n0 breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I , Miyazaki Medical College, 5200, Kihara, Kiyotake-cho, 889-1692, Miyazaki, Japan. mu-ni-tmgr@mwd.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsumagari
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chijiiwa
authors.forename: Hisaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagai
authors.forename: Masujiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makita
authors.forename: Fujio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kasumi
authors.forename: Futoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Goi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis