Simultaneous quantification of free fatty acids, free sterols, squalene, and acylglycerol molecular species in palm oil by high-temperature gas chromatography--flame ionization detection.
This paper discusses a rapid GC-FID technique for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of FFA, MAG, DAG, TAG, sterols, and squalene in vegetable oils, with special reference to palm oil. The FFA content determined had a lower SE compared with a conventional titrimetric method. Squalene and individual sterols, consisting of beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and cholesterol, were accurately quantified without any losses. This was achieved through elimination of tedious conventional sample pretreatments, such as saponification and preparative TLC. With this technique, the separation of individual MAG, consisting of 16:0, 18:0, and 18:1 FA, and the DAG species, consisting of the 1,2(2,3)- and 1,3-positions, was sufficient to enable their quantification. This technique enabled the TAG to be determined according to their carbon numbers in the range of C44 to C56. Comparisons were made with conventional methods, and the results were in good agreement with those reported in the literature.
Lau
Harrison Lik Nang
HL
Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Puah
Chiew Wei
CW
Choo
Yuen May
YM
Ma
Ah Ngan
AN
Chuah
Cheng Hock
CH
D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000032:analysis; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis*; D005410:Flame Ionization / Q000379:methods; D005989:Glycerides / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010840:Phytosterols / Q000032:analysis*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013185:Squalene / Q000032:analysis*
D004075:Diglycerides; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D005989:Glycerides; D010840:Phytosterols; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D013185:Squalene