title: Estrogen-dependent actions of bone morphogenetic protein-7 on spine fusion in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  Intertransverse process spinal fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) was performed in intact and ovariectomized female rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine fusion rates in intact and ovariectomized female rats using rhBMP-7 to determine if spine fusion is dependent on estrogen status.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Rat spinal fusion has been established as a consistent, efficient model for posterolateral intertransverse process fusion. Previous experiments have confirmed the efficacy of pellets containing the carrier, insoluble collagen bone matrix (ICBM), and rhBMP-7 to augment intertransverse process single level fusion in a rat model. Studying these implications in an osteoporosis model is of clinical value because there are many patients undergoing spinal fusion surgery that have osteoporotic bone disease, and there is a steady increase in this group of patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 15 ovariectomized and 15 intact Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to groups receiving 25 mg ICBM alone, 25 mg ICBM + 10 microg rhBMP-7, and 25 mg ICBM + 30 microg rhBMP-7. Spinal fusion was evaluated by manual motion testing at each lumbar segment, radiographic evaluation using the Lenke grading system, and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ovariectomized and intact rats receiving 25 mg carrier ICBM alone did not show spinal fusion. With 25 mg ICBM + 10 microg rhBMP-7, there was not a significant difference in fusion rates between intact and ovariectomized rats (P = 0.63). Ovariectomized rats receiving 25 mg ICBM + 30 microg rhBMP-7 showed significantly lower fusion rates than intact rats (P = 0.013).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that spinal fusion using rhBMP-7 is estrogen-dependent in rats. At the dosages used, rhBMP-7 was unable to overcome the inhibitory effects of estrogen deficiency on spinal fusion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
authors.forename: Payam
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moazzaz
authors.forename: Munish C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Mudit M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gilotra
authors.forename: Mohit N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Gilotra
authors.forename: Sukanta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maitra
authors.forename: Thongchai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theerajunyaporn
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: A Hari
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Reddi
authors.forename: R Bruce
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; C525821:Bmp7 protein, rat; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D004967:Estrogens; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta