The integration of conventional and unconventional T cells that characterizes cell-mediated responses.
This review builds on evidence that cell-mediated immune responses to bacteria, viruses, parasites, and tumors are an integration of conventional and unconventional T-cell activities. Whereas conventional T cells provide clonal antigen-specific responses, unconventional T cells profoundly regulate conventional T cells, often suppressing their activities such that immunopathology is limited. By extrapolation, immunopathologies and inflammatory diseases may reflect defects in regulation by unconventional T cells. To explore the function of unconventional T cells, several extensive gene expression analyses have been undertaken. These studies are reviewed in some detail, with emphasis on the mechanisms by which unconventional T cells may exert their regulatory functions. Highlighting the fundamental nature of T-cell integration, we also review emerging data that the development of conventional and unconventional T cells is also highly integrated.
Pennington
Daniel J
DJ
Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's King's St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College, University of London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom.
Vermijlen
David
D
Wise
Emma L
EL
Clarke
Sarah L
SL
Tigelaar
Robert E
RE
Hayday
Adrian C
AC
D000818:Animals; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000235:genetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018448:Models, Immunological; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*
D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta