title: Cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide inhibits macrophage infiltration of the kidney and carotid artery lesions in apo-E-deficient mice.
abstract: Interactions of leukocytes with the vascular endothelium culminating in their diapedesis represent not only a crucial event in immune surveillance and defense but are also critically involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including atherosclerosis. Our previous in vitro studies using atomic force microscopy measurement of monocyte-endothelial cell interaction have demonstrated that a cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide (cRGD) inhibited their adhesion through very late antigen (alpha4beta1-integrin; VLA4)-vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 60% with the IC50 = 100 nM. To elucidate the potential efficacy of this peptide in vivo in preventing atherogenesis, experiments were performed in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient (-/-) mice fed a Western diet and receiving chronic treatment with cRGD peptide for 2-4 wk. In addition, some animals were subjected to a temporary carotid artery ligation while receiving the above treatment. Formation of fatty streaks and infiltration of the vascular wall with macrophages were not affected by cRGD treatment. Infiltration of the carotid artery postligation was significantly reduced in the cRGD-treated animals, as was the lipid accumulation. Furthermore, cRGD-treated ApoE-/- mice exhibited significantly lesser macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation in the kidneys, the site of the highest expression of VLA4. These data demonstrated that cRGD peptide is a potent inhibitor of monocyte/macrophage infiltration of the injured macrovasculature and of the renal microvasculature, where it results in the attenuation of lipid accumulation. Formation of fatty streaks in the aortic root was not inhibitable by this treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
authors.forename: Saban
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elitok
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Brodsky
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Patschan
authors.forename: Tatyana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Orlova
authors.forename: Kenneth M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Lerea
authors.forename: Praveen
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chander
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Goligorsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C507169:cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide; C119707:cyclo(S,S)KYGCRGDWPC