Triple-line decoration and line tension in simple three-dimensional foam clusters.
We show that if the triple line around a three-dimensional double bubble or lens bubble is decorated with another bubble or with a Plateau border, then the film prolongations into the decoration no longer meet at 2pi/3. These deviations can be accounted for in terms of a line tension that equals half the excess surface energy associated with the decoration.
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Departamento de Engenharia de Materiais and Instituto de Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais e Superfícies, Instituto Superior Técnico Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal.
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