title: NRAGE mediates p38 activation and neural progenitor apoptosis via the bone morphogenetic protein signaling cascade.
abstract: Understanding the molecular events that govern neural progenitor lineage commitment, mitotic arrest, and differentiation into functional progeny are germane to our understanding of neocortical development. Members of the family of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play pivotal roles in regulating neural differentiation and apoptosis during neurogenesis through combined actions involving Smad and TAK1 activation. We demonstrate that BMP signaling is required for the induction of apoptosis of neural progenitors and that NRAGE is a mandatory component of the signaling cascade. NRAGE possesses the ability to bind and function with the TAK1-TAB1-XIAP complex facilitating the activation of p38. Disruption of NRAGE or any other member of the noncanonical signaling cascaded is sufficient to block p38 activation and thus the proapoptotic signals generated through BMP exposure. The function of NRAGE is independent of Smad signaling, but the introduction of a dominant-negative Smad5 also rescues neural progenitor apoptosis, suggesting that both canonical and noncanonical pathways can converge and regulate BMP-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, these results establish NRAGE as an integral component in BMP signaling and clarify its role during neural progenitor development.
authors.affiliation: City of Hope/Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA 91010, USA. skendall@coh.org
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battelli
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: Jane G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Carlotta A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Glackin
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Verdi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; C486541:Maged1 protein, mouse; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D014212:Tretinoin; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases