title: In a quasi-simultaneous assessment, imprecise cholesterol monitoring and screening tests were improved.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To calibrate Reflotron-measured capillary total cholesterol (cTC) relative to a laboratory-measured venous total cholesterol (vTC) criterion standard for monitoring and screening hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Quasi-simultaneous assessment in 1999-2002 of Reflotron cTC and laboratory vTC in a random sample of 4,269 adult residents of Geneva, Switzerland (calibration development subsample n=3,067; validation subsample n=1,172), by means of bias, precision, correlation, sensitivity, and false positive percentage (calculated as 100-specificity) analyses of Reflotron cTC vs. laboratory vTC measures for predicting hypercholesterolemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total bias was small (-0.26 mmol/L), but there was substantial negative drift in Reflotron cTC (annual biases +0.08, -0.17, -0.27, and -0.60 mmol/L in 1999-2002). Overall, 57% of Reflotron cTC measurements for 894 hypercholesterolemic patients underestimated laboratory vTC (2%, 57%, 71%, and 98% in 1999-2002). Prior to calibration, sensitivity was 73% for the development and 35% for the validation subsample, with false positive at 4% (development) and 0.1% (validation). After calibration, sensitivity was 78% for the development and 37% for the validation subsample, with false positive at 5% (development) and 0.2% (validation). Using 95% upper prediction limits (UPL) for individual vTC values increased sensitivity to 99% and 83% and false positive percentage to 30% and 7% for the development and validation subsamples, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Crude results of Reflotron-measured cTC have poor sensitivity. Instead, 95% UPL can be used for monitoring and screening. Simply adding 0.8 mmol/L to a patient's observed Reflotron cTC value provides a very good approximation to the 95% UPL.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland. Michael.Costanza@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Costanza
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wolff
authors.forename: Richard W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Morabia
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001800:Blood Specimen Collection / Q000379:methods; D002138:Calibration; D002196:Capillaries / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol