title: Is the intensity of the highest fat oxidation at the lactate concentration of 2 mmol L(-1)? A comparison of two different exercise protocols.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The exercise intensity eliciting highest fat oxidation is important for a variety of populations and its precise determination requires an adequate exercise protocol. The aim of this study was to compare fat oxidation, concentration of lactate and lactate threshold during an established exercise protocol using fixed workloads with a protocol based upon the subject's individual heart rate response to exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  Highest fat oxidation, concentration of lactate and lactate threshold were compared between two different exercise protocols in moderately trained men (n = 48) and women (n = 30). In randomized order subjects completed a standardized (STAND) and an individual (IND) submaximal exercise test. The increments during IND were adapted by the subjects' individual heart rate response to exercise compared to STAND with defined steps.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, fat oxidation was significantly higher at the intensity eliciting highest fat oxidation in STAND than in IND (P = 0.019), but not in women. In both genders lactate concentration (P < 0.001) and heart rate (HR) (P < 0.001) were significantly higher in IND compared to STAND at this intensity. A significant correlation between O2 at lactate threshold and the intensity eliciting the highest fat oxidation was found in both genders in IND (women r = 0.73; men r = 0.43) and in STAND (women r = 0.57; men r = 0.56).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different exercise increments and stage durations have an influence on lactate concentration and HR at the intensity eliciting the highest fat oxidation. The shorter test duration of STAND favours this protocol to determine maximal fat oxidation. For the untrained, start of exercise should be at very low intensity.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Nottwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bircher
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Knechtle
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knecht
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect / Q000379:methods; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005080:Exercise Test; D005223:Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012146:Rest; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D005223:Fats; D007773:Lactates