title: When visual perception causes feeling: enhanced cross-modal processing in grapheme-color synesthesia.
abstract: In synesthesia, stimulation of one sensory modality (e.g., hearing) triggers a percept in another, non-stimulated sensory modality (e.g., vision). Likewise, perception of a form (e.g., a letter) may induce a color percept (i.e., grapheme-color synesthesia). To date, the neural mechanisms underlying synesthesia remain to be elucidated. We disclosed by fMRI, while controlling for surface color processing, enhanced activity in the left intraparietal cortex during the experience of grapheme-color synesthesia (n = 9). In contrast, the perception of surface color per se activated the color centers in the fusiform gyrus bilaterally. The data support theoretical accounts that grapheme-color synesthesia may originate from enhanced cross-modal binding of form and color. A mismatch of surface color and grapheme induced synesthetically felt color additionally activated the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). This suggests that cognitive control processes become active to resolve the perceptual conflict resulting from synesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Neurologische Klinik, Kognitive Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
authors.forename: Peter H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zilles
authors.forename: Gereon R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Fink
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000328:Adult; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D004644:Emotions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010296:Parietal Lobe / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014796:Visual Perception / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen