title: Height, age at menarche, and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that the hormonal changes of adolescence influence ovarian cancer risk particularly in younger women. We investigated this possibility by examining the relationship between ovarian cancer and adult height and age at menarche as both factors reflect pubertal hormonal levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were a population-based sample of women with incident ovarian cancer (n=794) and control women randomly selected from the Australian Electoral Roll (n=855). The women provided comprehensive reproductive and lifestyle data during a standard interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although neither height nor age at menarche was significantly related to the risk of ovarian cancer overall, increasing height was associated with increasing risk of the subgroup of mucinous borderline ovarian cancer (odds ratio, 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-19.1 for women>or=175 cm compared with women <160 cm, Ptrend=0.02). Similarly, later age at menarche was associated with increasing risk of mucinous borderline cancers (odds ratio, 3.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-11.4 for those with age at menarche>or=14 years compared with those <12 years, Ptrend=0.003). Women with mucinous borderline cancers were significantly younger than the women diagnosed with invasive cancers (mean 44 versus 57 years; P<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development of mucinous borderline ovarian cancers, predominantly diagnosed in women ages under 50 years, seems to be associated with age at menarche and attained adult height. These results are consistent with our original hypothesis that pubertal levels of reproductive hormones and insulin-like growth factor-I influence ovarian cancer risk in younger women.
authors.affiliation: Cancer and Population Studies Group, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, 4029 Herston, Queensland, and School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. susan.jordan@qimr.edu.au
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Penelope M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Webb
authors.forename: Adèle C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001315:Australia; D001827:Body Height; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008572:Menarche; D008875:Middle Aged; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors