title: A simple spectrophotometric method for the determination of beta-blockers in dosage forms.
abstract: A simple, extraction-free spectrophotometric method is proposed for the analysis of some beta-blockers, namely atenolol, timolol and nadolol. The method is based on the interaction of the drugs in chloroform with 0.1% chloroformic solutions of acidic sulphophthalein dyes to form stable, yellow-coloured, ion-pair complexes peaking at 415 nm. The dyes used were bromophenol blue (BPB), bromothymol blue (BTB) and bromocresol purple (BCP). Under the optimum conditions, the three drugs could be assayed in the concentration range 1-10 microg ml(-1) with correlation coefficient (n = 5) more than 0.999 in all cases. The stoichiometry of the reaction was found to be 1:1 in all cases and the conditional stability constant (K(F)) of the complexes have been calculated. The free energy changes (DeltaG) were determined for all complexes formed. The interference likely to be introduced from co-formulated drugs was studied and their tolerance limits were determined. The proposed method was then applied to dosage-forms the percentage recoveries ranges from 99.12-100.95, and the results obtained were compared favorably with those given with the official methods.
authors.affiliation: Girls College of Science, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 838, Dammam-31113, Saudi Arabia. sm_ghannam@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Al-Ghannam
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D001262:Atenolol / Q000032:analysis; D001962:Bromcresol Purple / Q000494:pharmacology; D001978:Bromphenol Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D001979:Bromthymol Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D002725:Chloroform / Q000737:chemistry; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009248:Nadolol / Q000032:analysis; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet / Q000379:methods*; D013607:Tablets; D013816:Thermodynamics; D013999:Timolol / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007477:Ions; D013607:Tablets; D001978:Bromphenol Blue; D001962:Bromcresol Purple; D009248:Nadolol; D001262:Atenolol; D002725:Chloroform; D013999:Timolol; D001979:Bromthymol Blue