title: Gene identification by cDNA arrays in HPV-positive cervical cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One of the most frequent malignancies in women worldwide is carcinoma of the uterine cervix. High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered the most important etiological factor of uterine cervical cancer. Our aim was to identify novel cellular genes that could potentially act as predictive molecular markers for human cervical cancer by means of cDNA arrays.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used cDNA arrays to examine the expression profiles of six cell lines derived from human cervical cancer, three HPV+ tumor samples and three normal (HPV-) epithelium tissues. Data normalization was performed and the top overexpressed genes were obtained. Hierarchical cluster was performed and, to validate some of the differentially expressed genes between normal and carcinogenic samples, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were performed in tissue samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four genes were demonstrated to be consistently overexpressed in invasive cervical cancer biopsies; three novel genes not previously related to cervical cancer: MMP10, Lamc2 and Claudin 1. Moreover, overexpression of IL6 and VEGF was corroborated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The identification of characteristic molecular changes in cervical cells by carcinogenesis and HPV infection can lead to a better understanding of cervical cancer. cDNA arrays are beginning to provide new possible molecular markers for prognosis and diagnosis. This technology could eventually help to elucidate the biological differences of the particular mechanisms associated with each different HPV-type infection and those with a poor prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Oncogenomics Laboratory, Oncological Diseases Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, 21st Century National Medical Center, Mexico City, Mexico. guelav@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Guelaguetza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Ortíz
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Ciudad
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Piña
authors.forename: Karla
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vazquez
authors.forename: Alfredo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Alatorre
authors.forename: Jose A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Salamanca
authors.forename: Raul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peralta-Rodriguez
authors.forename: Angélica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rangel
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salcedo
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications; D011897:Random Allocation; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*