title: Different configurations of specific thyroid hormone response elements mediate opposite effects of thyroid hormone and GC-1 on gene expression.
abstract: T3 regulates transcription of the rat sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase in the heart. The T3 effect is mediated by three differently configured T3 response elements (TREs). Here we report the mutation of each individual TRE in the promoter and the contribution of each TRE on gene expression. Mutation of TRE1, a direct repeat element, exerted the strongest T3 response, compared with TRE2 and TRE3, which are inverted palindromes. The isolated TRE2 and TRE3, which showed no response (TRE2) or were weakly positive with T3 (TRE3), became strong negative regulatory elements with the T3 analog GC-1. We found that TRE1 recruits corepressor complexes containing nuclear receptor corepressor and histone deacetylase 3 in the absence of ligand, and steroid receptor coactivator-1-containing coactivator complexes with both T3 and GC-1. TRE3 bound the same corepressor complexes without ligand but showed only a weak association with steroid receptor coactivator-1 with T3 and a strong association with corepressor complexes with GC-1. Thus, GC-1 appears to control cofactor association differentially on these two sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase TREs, which could be the mechanism of ligand-dependent transcriptional activation and repression observed with the isolated TRE1 and TRE3 elements. Because the x-ray crystal structures of GC-1 and T3 complexed with the TR ligand binding domain are superimposable, the results imply that GC-1 and T3 induce differential effects on the receptor that are not evident in the static structures but must occur in the dynamic setting of receptor function. These results have implications for selective modulation of receptor function by agonist ligands.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0618, USA.
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gloss
authors.forename: Gisele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giannocco
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Anselmo S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Moriscot
authors.forename: Grazia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chiellini
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scanlan
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Baxter
authors.forename: Wolfgang H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Dillmann
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004247:DNA; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects*; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D056971:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051381:Rats; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics*; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D004247:DNA; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056971:Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 1; D056920:Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1; D010636:Phenols; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D053498:Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D000099186:Histone Deacetylase 3; C413355:GC 1 compound; C539129:Ncor1 protein, rat