Leptin and adiponectin responses in overweight inactive elderly following resistance training and detraining are intensity related.
BACKGROUND
Adiponectin and leptin are closely related to weight control and energy balance, whereas exercise affects elderly metabolic regulation and functional capacity.


OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to investigate leptin and adiponectin responses in elderly males after exercise training and detraining.


METHODS
The study design was a 1-yr randomized controlled trial.


METHODS
The study was performed at the Laboratory of Physical Education and Sport Science Department.


METHODS
Fifty inactive men [age, 65-78 yr; body mass index (BMI), 28.7-30.2 kg/m2] were recruited from a volunteer database by word of mouth and fliers sent to medical practitioners, physiotherapists, and nursing homes in the local community.


METHODS
Participants were randomly assigned to a control (n = 10), low-intensity (n = 14), moderate-intensity (n = 12), or high-intensity training (HI; n = 14) group. Resistance training (6 months, 3 d/wk, 10 exercises/three sets) was followed by 6 months of detraining.


METHODS
Strength, exercise energy cost, skinfold sum, body weight, maximal oxygen consumption, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and plasma leptin and adiponectin were determined at baseline and after training and detraining.


RESULTS
Strength, maximal oxygen consumption, RMR, and exercise energy cost increased (P < 0.05) after training in an intensity-dependent manner. Skinfold sum and BMI were reduced by resistance training (P < 0.05), with HI being more effective (P < 0.05) than moderate-intensity/low-intensity training. Leptin was diminished (P < 0.05) by all treatments, whereas adiponectin increased (P < 0.05) only in HI. Detraining maintained training-induced changes only in HI. The percent leptin decrease was associated (P < 0.05) with the percent BMI decrease and the percent RMR increase, whereas the percent adiponectin increase was associated (P < 0.05) with the percent BMI decrease.


CONCLUSIONS
Resistance training and detraining may alter leptin and adiponectin responses in an intensity-dependent manner. Leptin and adiponectin changes were strongly associated with RMR and anthropometric changes.
Fatouros
I G
IG
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, 7th km of of National Road Komotini-Xanthi, Komotini 69100, Greece. fatouros@otenet.gr
Tournis
S
S
Leontsini
D
D
Jamurtas
A Z
AZ
Sxina
M
M
Thomakos
P
P
Manousaki
M
M
Douroudos
I
I
Taxildaris
K
K
Mitrakou
A
A
D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000368:Aged; D001481:Basal Metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D020738:Leptin