title: Surface and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1: expression patterns in murine sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the expression patterns of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 during experimental septic shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male BALB/c mice, 7-9 wks of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Septic shock was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in eight mice. Eight additional animals were sham-operated and served as a control group. All animals were resuscitated by fluid infusion and administered antibiotics. Kill was performed under anesthesia 12, 24, or 48 hrs later.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Surface expression of TREM-1 was analyzed using flow cytometry on peripheral blood cells, peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils, splenic macrophages, and Kupffer cells. Gene expression was also studied in these same cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and soluble TREM-1 concentrations were determined in plasma and peritoneal lavage fluid. Sepsis strongly induced TREM-1 gene expression, which translated into an up-regulation of TREM-1 surface expression on neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages both at the focus on infection as well as distally. Moreover, sepsis induced the release of significant levels of soluble TREM-1. Plasma soluble TREM-1 concentrations negatively correlated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta levels at 12 hrs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results provide new information as to the regulation of TREM-1 during sepsis. Considering that both cell-surface and soluble TREM-1 were strongly up-regulated during infection, this study may add support to the putative usefulness of TREM-1 as a diagnostic tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Intensive Care and Experimental Physiology, Hôpital Central, Nancy Cedex, France. s.gibot@chu-nancy.fr
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibot
authors.forename: Frédéric
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Massin
authors.forename: Pol
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Le Renard
authors.forename: Marie C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Béné
authors.forename: Gilbert C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Faure
authors.forename: Pierre-Edouard
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bollaert
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; C408842:TREM1 protein, human; D000073871:Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1