title: Anxiety and medical disorders.
abstract: Anxiety symptoms and disorders are associated with a range of general medical disorders. This association may be a physiologic consequence of the general medical disorder, a psychologic reaction to the experience of having a medical illness, a side effect of treatment, or a chance occurrence. This article briefly reviews the associations of panic disorder with seizure disorder, Klüver-Bucy syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, and respiratory disorders; of generalized anxiety disorder with chronic obstructive airway disease and cardiovascular and endocrine disorders; of social anxiety disorder with Parkinson's disease; of obsessive-compulsive disorder with striatal disorders; and of posttraumatic stress disorder with head injury and pain. Such associations provide important clues for understanding the neurobiology of anxiety disorders.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Council Unit on Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Tygerberg, Cape Town 7505, South Africa. jemuller@sun.ac.za
authors.forename: Jacqueline E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: Liezl
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Koen
authors.forename: Dan J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stein
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000453:epidemiology; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology; D010146:Pain / Q000453:epidemiology; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology