title: Controlled myocardial infarction induced by intracoronary injection of n-butyl cyanoacrylatein dogs: a feasibility study.
abstract: Concentrated ethanol has been used to induce controlled myocardial infarct in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. We report the acute and early follow-up results of an alternative agent, n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) glue, in a dog model. In 11 mongrel dogs, we injected n-BCA into different branches of the left anterior descending artery. Biplane left ventriculogram and coronary angiogram were performed before and after injection. In the surviving animals, we performed programmed stimulation (PS) to test for inducible ventricular tachycardia (VT) 48 days later. Following euthanasia, the removed hearts were studied with computer tomography (CT) and gross and histologic examination. Three dogs were lost before injection. Four dogs died within 2 hr to 4 days, and four animals survived 48 days. Accidental embolization of n-BCA into nontarget vessels was documented in four subjects. In the n-BCA-injected animals, homogeneous circumscribed scar was demonstrated by CT and histology. The glue was confined strictly to the tributary of the injected vessel, infiltrating arterioles of 14 mum. There was intense granulomatous reaction (GR) in the vessel wall and in the surrounding myocardium. Remote areas were unaffected. Monomorphic VT was not inducible with PS. We report a feasibility study of n-BCA injection to selected coronary arteries of dogs to cause controlled myocardial infarction. We demonstrated that the glue does not escape from the target artery through capillaries or small collateral vessels and thus produces a sharply demarcated and homogeneous scar, which is confined strictly to the supply zone of the injected vessel. Improvement of the delivery system is necessary to eliminate inadvertent embolization. Long-term follow-up is needed to study the GR induced by n-BCA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Section of Interventional Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA. gmatos@lumc.edu
authors.forename: Gabor F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Rasheed
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hammadeh
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Francois
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: McCarthy
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Leya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002015:Bucrylate; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D007267:Injections; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
chemical_list: D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D002015:Bucrylate