title: Segregation of urine calcium excretion in families ascertained for nephrolithiasis: evidence for a major gene.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The quantitative genetics of urine calcium excretion has not been established. It is a trait of interest because hypercalciuria is commonly found in subjects with nephrolithiasis. The aim of this study was to model the segregation of this trait in a sample of French-Canadian families ascertained through a stone former.
  
  
  METHODS
  Major gene, polygenic, and mixed models were fit to 24-hour urine calcium excretion from 567 individuals in 221 nuclear families, while simultaneously taking into account gender, age at examination, body mass index (BMI), and the use of thiazide drugs. The nuclear families were extracted from 154 pedigrees, some of which were four generations, with at least two siblings with a history of calcium stones.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All the proposed genetic models fit the data significantly better than the null model. The most parsimonious model was the mixed codominant/polygenic model but it was statistically indistinguishable from the single-gene codominant model. In both of these models the heritability attributable to the major gene was estimated to be 0.58.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that a major gene with a relatively large effect on variation in urine calcium excretion is segregating in French-Canadian families with stone formers. This implies that the power of quantitative trait segregation analysis of urine calcium excretion may be increased in these families, and results indicate that it should be feasible to genetically map the quantitative trait locus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Loredo-Osti
authors.forename: Nicole M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Roslin
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tessier
authors.forename: T Mary
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morgan
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonnardeaux
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine*; D002170:Canada; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000235:genetics* / Q000652:urine*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008957:Models, Genetic
chemical_list: D002118:Calcium