title: Brominated-chlorinated diphenyl ethers formed by thermolysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers at low temperatures.
abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used mainly as additives in different kinds of plastic material. Various PBDEs are found in all environmental compartments as well as in tissue and blood serum of animals and humans due to their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. Emission of PBDEs into the environment can occur during recycling of PBDE-containing plastic material or during their uncontrolled or insufficient combustion as e.g. in accidental fires or landfill fires. Under these circumstances, PBDEs can also function as precursor molecules for the formation of polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs). In this study, we qualitatively investigated the reaction of two PBDE congeners, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 47) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromo diphenyl ether (BDE 153), as well as hexabromobenzene (HBB), a flame retardant used in the past, when exposed to temperatures between 250 degrees C and 500 degrees C. The formed reaction products were analysed by high resolution gas chromatography-low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-LRMS). Among others brominated-chlorinated diphenyl ethers were formed by chlorodebromination of the PBDEs. In addition, thermolysis of BDE 47 and BDE 153 in the presence of tetrachloromethane as model substance for an organic chlorine source was studied. Thermal treatment of HBB resulted in the formation of brominated-chlorinated benzenes.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, Universität Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
authors.forename: Silke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Jörg W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Metzger
mesh_terms: D001969:Bromobenzenes; D017606:Chlorine Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D004987:Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D005411:Flame Retardants; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry; D010969:Plastics / Q000737:chemistry; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D001969:Bromobenzenes; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D004987:Ethers; D005411:Flame Retardants; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D010969:Plastics; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; C017363:hexabromobenzene