title: Effects of deep low temperature on secondary branches enclosed in Glisson's system of pig hepatic lobes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hepatic cryosurgery, a safe and effective approach for an unresectable hepatoma, has been extensively applied in clinical setting. But whether direct deep freezing to the tumor involving special location, i.e., Glisson's system of certain hepatic lobe could cause the impairment of the duct system or post impairment effect remains a mystery. Consequently, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of freezing on the secondary branches enclosed in the Glisson's system of certain hepatic lobes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty pigs were divided into 2 groups randomly. The treated group: the area of secondary branches of the Glisson's system in the left lateral lobe was frozen by a cryoprobe at deep low temperature for 3 minutes, with the blockage of blood flow from the porta hepatis. The control group: only the blockage of the porta hepatis was performed for 3 minutes. Serologic examinations, color Doppler examination and pathological observation were used for evaluation of this procedure postoperatively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frozen hepatic parenchyma, the wall of the frozen secondary bile duct and portal vein showed necrosis. However, the frozen hepatic artery ramification did not show any obvious changes postoperatively. Eight weeks after cryosurgery, the lumen of the hepatic artery and portal vein maintained unobstructed. Meanwhile, atrophy and fibroplasia occurred in the related hepatic lobe. All the animals recovered well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Animals could tolerate the direct deep-freezing of the area of secondary branches enclosed in the Glisson' s system. The therapeutic effect could be attained by the necrosis of the frozen hepatic parenchyma.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China. Liuzhunlong@126.com
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Yun-Le
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xiao-Xun
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qing-Jia
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Ou
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005615:Freezing; D006499:Hepatic Artery / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D009336:Necrosis; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000473:pathology; D013552:Swine; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
chemical_list: D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D001663:Bilirubin