title: The identification of risk of spontaneous fetal loss through second-trimester maternal serum screening.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate associations between risk of spontaneous fetal loss and risk estimates for Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects assigned by second-trimester maternal serum screening.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 264,653 women with available pregnancy outcomes who were screened between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation in the Ontario Maternal Serum Screening Program between October 1995 and September 2000. Pregnancies complicated by fetal chromosomal or structural abnormalities, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and multiple pregnancies were excluded. Spontaneous fetal loss was defined as spontaneous miscarriage and intrauterine fetal demise as classified by the ICD-9 system, but including only those > or = 15 weeks of gestation. Women were grouped according to risk estimates for Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and neural tube defects, respectively. Spontaneous fetal loss rates by each risk group were evaluated after adjusting for losses associated with maternal age and amniocentesis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fetal loss rates increased in women with risk estimates of > or = 1 in 1110 for trisomy 18 or neural tube defects, and > or = 1 in 130 for Down syndrome. The excessive fetal loss rates for these 3 groups of women were 14.4%, 3.2%, and 1.5% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal loss rate markedly increased in women with high-risk estimates for trisomy 18, neural tube defects, and Down syndrome. Risk estimates assigned by triple marker screening may provide an early means of stratifying pregnancies into risk for fetal loss.
authors.affiliation: Ontario Maternal Serum Screening Database and Genetics Program, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. thuang@nygh.on.ca
authors.forename: Tianhua
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owolabi
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Summers
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood*; D002887:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014314:Trisomy; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins; D004964:Estriol