title: Preliminary evidence of the association between the history of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and smoking treatment failure.
abstract: Smoking rates are elevated among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The association of ADHD diagnosis and smoking treatment outcome has not been examined. The present study examined abstinence rates among 428 adult smokers participating in two randomized controlled trials. Treatments included nicotine replacement, antidepressants, and psychological interventions. Childhood ADHD was assessed retrospectively by diagnostic interview. In a survival analysis, ADHD status predicted time to relapse after controlling for gender, history of depression, and baseline smoking variables. Only 1 of 47 participants with a history of childhood ADHD remained abstinent by week 52, compared with 18% of those who had no history of childhood ADHD (adjusted OR=0.36, 95% CI=0.28-0.45). The current findings provide preliminary evidence for an association between childhood ADHD and smoking cessation treatment failure. Further investigation is warranted.
authors.affiliation: University of California, San Francisco 94143-0939, USA. hac@itsa.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Gary L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Humfleet
authors.forename: Judith J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Prochaska
authors.forename: Matilda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mengis
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Reus
authors.forename: Sharon M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Hall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012008:Recurrence; D012907:Smoking; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine