Functional lipidomics: the roles of specialized lipids and lipid-protein interactions in modulating neuronal function.
Lipids fulfill multiple specialized roles in neuronal function. In brain, the conduction of electrical impulses, synaptic function, and complex signaling pathways depend on the temporally and spatially coordinated interactions of specialized lipids (e.g., arachidonic acid and plasmalogens), proteins (e.g., ion channels, phospholipases and cyclooxygenases) and integrative lipid-protein interactions. Recent technical advances in mass spectrometry have allowed unparalled insight into the roles of lipids in neuronal function. Through shotgun lipidomics and multidimensional mass spectrometry, in conjunction with the identification of new classes of phospholipases (e.g., calcium dependent and calcium independent intracellular phospholipases), new roles for lipids in cerebral function have been accrued. This review summarizes the advances in our understanding of the types of lipids and phospholipases in the brain and the role of functional lipidomics in increasing our chemical understanding of complex neuronal processes.
Gross
Richard W
RW
Division of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8020, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. rgross@wustl.edu
Jenkins
Christopher M
CM
Yang
Jingyue
J
Mancuso
David J
DJ
Han
Xianlin
X
D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D050356:Lipid Metabolism; D008055:Lipids / Q000737:chemistry; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000378:metabolism; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014018:Tissue Distribution
D008055:Lipids; D008563:Membrane Lipids; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D010740:Phospholipases; D010741:Phospholipases A