title: Intimate partner violence: forms, consequences and preparedness to act as perceived by healthcare staff and district and community leaders in a rural district in northern Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A qualitative study was conducted among healthcare staff and district and community leaders in May and June 2002 to describe their perceptions of violence occurring between intimate partners. It focused on male violence towards females, and its forms, consequences and preparedness to act in a rural setting in Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty men and 20 women were strategically selected for focus group discussions and a phenomenographic approach was employed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Violence was described not only as physical but also, primarily, as affecting women's mental health status. Mental violence was exemplified as verbally offending, ignoring or humiliating a woman. Sexual abuse was mentioned less frequently. IPV was considered to be a private matter, occurring in the home away from relatives, neighbours and the local community. Only very serious cases would seek health care. Divorce and deteriorating family finances were reported as serious consequences, not least for the children. Local reconciliation groups, comprised of trusted community members, played a role in mediating, while health professionals were found to be uninformed about prevalence rates and reluctant to intervene.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gender-based violence needs to receive attention from policy makers, and effective advocacy programmes are needed at all levels. In Vietnam, partner violence against women seems to be recognized at Government level. At community level, Women's Union staff and local reconciliation groups are prepared to act. However, the subject is surrounded by silence. We found that healthcare workers exhibited a lack of understanding of violence against women as a health problem in their own working environment.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institute, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden. gunilla.krantz@chess.su.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krantz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Van Phuong
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Thi Bich Thuan
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Ringsberg
mesh_terms: D001290:Attitude; D005260:Female; D017144:Focus Groups; D006282:Health Personnel; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D008297:Male; D012424:Rural Population; D013179:Spouse Abuse; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D014754:Violence; D016387:Women's Health