title: Challenges to implementing the national programme for information technology (NPfIT): a qualitative study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the context for implementing the national programme for information technology (NPfIT) in England, actual and perceived barriers, and opportunities to facilitate implementation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case studies and in depth interviews, with themes identified using a framework developed from grounded theory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four acute NHS trusts in England.
  
  
  METHODS
  Senior trust managers and clinicians, including chief executives, directors of information technology, medical directors, and directors of nursing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The trusts varied in their circumstances, which may affect their ability to implement the NPfIT. The process of implementation has been suboptimal, leading to reports of low morale by the NHS staff responsible for implementation. The overall timetable is unrealistic, and trusts are uncertain about their implementation schedules. Short term benefits alone are unlikely to persuade NHS staff to adopt the national programme enthusiastically, and some may experience a loss of electronic functionality in the short term.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The sociocultural challenges to implementing the NPfIT are as daunting as the technical and logistical ones. Senior NHS staff feel these have been neglected. We recommend that national programme managers prioritise strategies to improve communication with, and to gain the cooperation of, front line staff.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT. jane.hendy@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hendy
authors.forename: Barnaby C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fulop
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hutchings
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Masseria
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003142:Communication; D004739:England; D006284:Health Plan Implementation; D006779:Hospitals, Public; D006801:Humans; D007400:Interprofessional Relations; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D009313:National Health Programs; D036301:Qualitative Research; D013222:State Medicine / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D018511:Systems Integration