title: MicroRNAs acting in a double-negative feedback loop to control a neuronal cell fate decision.
abstract: The elucidation of the architecture of gene regulatory networks that control cell-type specific gene expression programs represents a major challenge in developmental biology. We describe here a cell fate decision between two alternative neuronal fates and the architecture of a gene regulatory network that controls this cell fate decision. The two Caenorhabditis elegans taste receptor neurons "ASE left" (ASEL) and "ASE right" (ASER) share many bilaterally symmetric features, but each cell expresses a distinct set of chemoreceptors that endow the gustatory system with the capacity to sense and discriminate specific environmental inputs. We show that these left/right asymmetric fates develop from a precursor state in which both ASE neurons express equivalent features. This hybrid precursor state is unstable and transitions into the stable ASEL or ASER terminal end state. Although this transition is spatially stereotyped in wild-type animals, mutant analysis reveals that each cell has the potential to transition into either the ASEL or ASER stable end state. The stability and irreversibility of the terminal differentiated state is ensured by the interactions of two microRNAs (miRNAs) and their transcription factor targets in a double-negative feedback loop. Simple feedback loops are found as common motifs in many gene regulatory networks, but the loop described here is unusually complex and involves miRNAs. The interaction of miRNAs in double-negative feedback loops may not only be a means for miRNAs to regulate their own expression but may also represent a general paradigm for how terminal cell fates are selected and stabilized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Etchberger
authors.forename: Christopher O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Ortiz
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hobert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005246:Feedback; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D017238:Genes, Helminth; D035683:MicroRNAs / Q000235:genetics*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
chemical_list: D035683:MicroRNAs; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; C431926:taste receptors, type 1