title: Comparison between coefficient of R-R interval variation and gastric emptying in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autonomic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  To clarify the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic function and gastric emptying rate, we investigated the gastric emptying and coefficient of R-R interval variation (CV(RR)) of 84 type 2 diabetic patients: 28 cases without peripheral neuropathy and 56 cases with peripheral neuropathy. All patients were subjected to a gastric emptying test according to the marker method (administration of a capsule containing 20 pieces of radiopaque marker during breakfast, followed by abdominal X-ray imaging 3 and 5 h later). Patients had their CV(RR) assessed at rest and during deep breathing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gastric emptying scores were significantly correlated with CV(RR) during deep breathing and with the duration of DM, but neither age nor CV(RR) at rest in all patients. Gastric emptying scores and CV(RR) at rest and during deep breathing in patients with peripheral neuropathy were significantly deteriorated than those in patients without peripheral neuropathy. A significant correlation between gastric emptying and CV(RR) during deep breathing could be observed in the patients with peripheral neuropathy, but not in those without it.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings showed that CV(RR) during deep breathing might be a good indicator of diabetic gastropathy and that peripheral neuropathy was closely related with cardiac and gastric autonomic neuropathy in the type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Internal Medicine, Suita Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan. hasakawa@osk.3web.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Asakawa
authors.forename: Maki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Onishi
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Ayumi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tokunaga
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology; D003938:Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005746:Gastric Emptying; D018589:Gastroparesis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged