title: Impact of librarians in first-year medical and dental student problem-based learning (PBL) groups: a controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Librarians at the University of Alberta have been involved with teaching undergraduate medical and dental education for several years. After 1 year of increased librarian involvement at the problem-based learning (PBL), small-group level, informal feedback from faculty and students suggested that librarians' participation in PBL groups was beneficial. There was, however, no real evidence to support this claim or justify the high demand on librarians' time.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aimed to determine whether having a librarian present in the small-group, problem-based learning modules for first-year medical and dental students results in an improved understanding of evidence-based medicine concepts, the nature of medical literature, and information access skills.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and sixty-four first-year medical and dental students participated in the study. There were a total of 18 PBL groups, each with approximately nine students and one faculty tutor. Six librarians participated and were assigned randomly to the six intervention groups. Students were given pre- and post-tests at the outset and upon completion of the 6-week course.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Post-test scores showed that there was a small positive librarian impact, but final exam scores showed no impact. There was also no difference in attitudes or comfort levels between students who had a librarian in their group and those who did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Impact was not sufficient to warrant continued participation of librarians in PBL. In future instruction, librarians at the John W. Scott Health Sciences Library will continue to teach at the larger group level.
authors.affiliation: John W. Scott Health Sciences Library, University of Alberta, AB, Canada. denise.koufogiannakis@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koufogiannakis
authors.forename: Jeanette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buckingham
authors.forename: Arif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alibhai
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rayner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000416:Alberta; D003479:Curriculum / Q000592:standards; D004497:Education, Dental / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000193:education* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D016245:Librarians; D008297:Male; D009937:Organizational Objectives; D018794:Problem-Based Learning / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D013335:Students, Dental / Q000523:psychology; D013337:Students, Medical / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires