title: Neuroendocrine responses to psychological stress in patients with myofascial pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the responses of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary systems to experimentally induced psychological stress in patients with myofascial pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  To characterize the features of these systems, temporal variations in plasma cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline concentrations in response to psychological stress were measured in 20 patients with myofascial pain and in 20 healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concentrations of plasma cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline in response to psychological stress were significantly higher in the pain patients than in the healthy controls. Furthermore, although the plasma cortisol, adrenaline, and noradrenaline concentrations were significantly increased from the basal levels in both groups, the rate of recovery from these levels was significantly slower in patients than in healthy controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that both the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical systems are more highly activated in response to psychological stress in patients with myofascial pain than in healthy individuals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan. tyoshi@denta.hal.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshihara
authors.forename: Koki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shigeta
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasegawa
authors.forename: Norihito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishitani
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Masumoto
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine