title: The effect of Emdogain on ectopic bone formation in tubes of rat demineralized dentin matrix.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emdogain (EMD) is made from enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) from the tooth germ of swine and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) as a matrix. The function of EMD is known to differentiate cells of the dental follicle into cementoblasts. However, little is known about the effect of EMD on mesenchymal cells in other tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate whether EMD has the ability to induce hard tissue when applied with or without demineralized dentin matrix.
  
  
  METHODS
  Half of the dentin tubes prepared from rat incisors were demineralized by treatment with 0.6 N hydrochloric acid for 3 h. EMD or PGA was injected into the demineralized or non-demineralized dentin tubes, which were then transplanted into rectus abdominis muscles. Untreated dentin tubes were also transplanted as a control. Animals were killed at 7, 14 and 21 days after the implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Non-demineralized dentin tubes with or without EMD or PGA did not form any hard tissue. In the demineralized group, chondrogenesis in the PGA groups occurred earlier than in the EMD groups. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in the demineralized group with PGA at day 14 was the highest. The expression of osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNAs was higher in all groups at 21 days compared with 7 or 14 days.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that neither EMD nor PGA has the ability to induce hard tissue and that EMPs contained within EMD might aggregate on the dentin surface and inhibit the effect of the demineralized dentin matrix.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuzaka
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology; D020219:Chondrogenesis / Q000187:drug effects; D003648:Decalcification Technique; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003804:Dentin / Q000502:physiology; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000187:drug effects; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis; D053495:Osteopontin; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017568:Rectus Abdominis / Q000187:drug effects*; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; C506897:Spp1 protein, rat; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin; C038550:propylene glycol alginate ester