title: Carotid atherosclerosis is associated with enhanced beta-chemokine levels in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: Increased oxidative stress (SOX) has been reported in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, but its influence on beta-chemokine levels and progression of atherosclerosis remains unknown. We determined three distinct SOX markers: Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), total peroxide and autoantibodies against oxidized LDL (OxLDL-Ab); high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs CRP); beta-chemokines: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2), macrophage inflammatory proteins (CCL3 and CCL4) and regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (CCL5) and the intima-media thickness (IMT) values in CAPD patients both with and without cardiovascular disease (CVD) and healthy controls. CAPD patients both with and without CVD had significantly increased IMT (p<0.001 and <0.01), Cu/Zn SOD (both p<0.001) and CCL2 levels (p<0.001 and <0.01, respectively) as compared to controls. CCL4 (p<0.01) and hs CRP (p<0.05) were increased only in patients with CVD, whereas there were no differences in the total peroxide, OxLDL-Ab and CCL3 levels between patients and controls. CCL5 concentrations were significantly decreased in both patients subgroup (both p<0.001) versus controls. Multivariate analysis showed that age (p<0.001), male sex (p<0.01), CCL4 and CCL2 levels (both p<0.05) were the independent variables linked to IMT values. Our data suggest a possible role of enhanced beta-chemokine levels in the carotid atherosclerosis in patients treated with CAPD, in addition to age and male sex.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Clinical Transplantation, Medical University, 14 Zurawia St., 15-540 Bialystok, Poland. krystynapawlak@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pawlak
authors.forename: Szymon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brzosko
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mysliwiec
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000097:blood*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019742:Chemokines, CC