title: Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the two polybasic regions of synaptotagmin VI regulates their function in acrosomal exocytosis.
abstract: We have previously reported that synaptotagmin VI is present in human sperm cells and that a recombinant protein containing the C2A and C2B domains abrogates acrosomal exocytosis in permeabilized spermatozoa, an effect that was regulated by phosphorylation. In this report, we show that each individual C2 domain blocks acrosomal exocytosis. The inhibitory effect was completely abrogated by phosphorylation of the domains with purified PKCbetaII. We found by site-directed mutagenesis that Thr418 and/or Thr419 in the polybasic region (KKKTTIK) of the C2B domain--a key region for the function of synaptotagmins--are the PKC target that regulates its inhibitory effect on acrosomal exocytosis. Similarly, we showed that Thr284 in the polybasic region of C2A (KCKLQTR) is the target for PKC-mediated phosphorylation in this domain. An antibody that specifically binds to the phosphorylated polybasic region of the C2B domain recognized endogenous phosphorylated synaptotagmin in the sperm acrosomal region. The antibody was inhibitory only at early stages of exocytosis in sperm acrosome reaction assays, and the immunolabeling decreased upon sperm stimulation, indicating that the protein is dephosphorylated during acrosomal exocytosis. Our results indicate that acrosomal exocytosis is regulated through the PKC-mediated phosphorylation of conserved threonines in the polybasic regions of synaptotagmin VI.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Casilla de Correo 56, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina.
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Roggero
authors.forename: Claudia N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Tomes
authors.forename: Gerardo A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: De Blas
authors.forename: Jimena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Marcela A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Michaut
authors.forename: Mitsunori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Luis S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Mayorga
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D017931:DNA Primers; D005089:Exocytosis / Q000502:physiology*; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D050857:Synaptotagmins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; C494298:SYT6 protein, human; D050857:Synaptotagmins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta