title: In vivo MR thermometry of frozen tissue using R2* and signal intensity.
abstract: Cryoablation is one of several minimally invasive treatments that may be suitable for a targeted treatment of prostate cancer. Because efficacy is improved when a sufficiently cold end temperature is reached, the purpose of this work was to demonstrate an image-based thermometry method that could provide temperature maps throughout the frozen tissue. In five in vivo canine prostate cryoablation experiments performed under magnetic resonance imaging guidance, two MR parameters were measured and correlated to temperature: R2* and changes in signal intensity. R2* is elevated approximately linearly as tissue temperature decreases below the freezing point, while the signal intensity decreases exponentially. In vivo temperature maps with isotherms at -5 degrees C, -15 degrees C, and -30 degrees C are demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Lucas MRI Center, Mail Code 5488, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5488, USA.
authors.forename: Janaka P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wansapura
authors.forename: Bruce L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: Karl K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Vigen
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Butts
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002138:Calibration; D003452:Cryosurgery; D004285:Dogs; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology*