title: Expression of the GTP-binding protein (Galphas) is repressed by the nuclear factor kappaB RelA subunit in human myometrium.
abstract: In humans, the factors that govern the switch from myometrial quiescence to coordinated contractions at the initiation of labor are not well defined. The onset of parturition is itself associated with increases in a number of proinflammatory mediators, many of which are regulated by the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) family of transcription factors. Recently, we have provided evidence that the RelA NF-kappaB subunit associates with protein kinase A in pregnant myometrial tissue, suggesting links with the Galphas/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway. TNFalpha is a potent activator of NF-kappaB, and levels of this cytokine are increased within the myometrium at term. In the current study, using primary cultures of myometrial cells, TNFalpha was observed to repress expression of Galphas while, at the same time, stimulating NF-kappaB activity. Furthermore, this effect could be replicated by exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and exogenous expression of RelA. Moreover, TNFalpha was seen to repress endogenous Galphas mRNA expression as judged by RT-PCR analyses. Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we show that RelA did not bind directly to the Galphas promoter. Significantly, expression of a coactivator protein, cAMP response element binding protein binding protein, relieved RelA-induced down-regulation of Galphas expression. Together, these data suggest that, in human myometrium, repression of the Galphas gene by NF-kappaB occurs through a non-DNA binding mechanism involving competition for limiting amounts of cellular coactivator proteins including cAMP response element binding protein binding protein.
authors.affiliation: School of Surgical and Reproductive Sciences, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, and Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. n.r.chapman@sheffield.ac.uk
authors.forename: Neil R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Smyrnias
authors.forename: Dilly O C
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Anumba
authors.forename: G Nicholas
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Europe-Finner
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Robson
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D009215:Myometrium / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019205:GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs