title: Improved sleep continuity and increased slow wave sleep and REM latency during ziprasidone treatment: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial of 12 healthy male subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ziprasidone, an atypical antipsychotic, is a potent dopamine (D(2)) and serotonin (5-HT(2A/C)) receptor blocker, has agonistic properties at the 5-HT(1A) receptor, and blocks serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. These transmitter systems are closely related to the regulation of sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study was to investigate the effects of ziprasidone on polysomnographic sleep structure and subjective sleep quality. Twelve healthy male subjects were randomly assigned to receive ziprasidone 40 mg or placebo for 2 sessions each composed of 2 consecutive nights (night 1, standard sleep conditions; night 2, acoustic stress) 5 days apart. Treatment was administered orally 2 hours before bedtime. The study was conducted from April 2004 to July 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ziprasidone significantly increased total sleep time, sleep efficiency, percentage of sleep stage 2, and slow wave sleep; decreased the number of awakenings; and significantly affected tonic and phasic REM sleep parameters, i.e., it decreased percentage of REM and REM density and profoundly increased REM latency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ziprasidone's effects on the sleep profile are somehow opposite to what is known about sleep of depressed patients (e.g., disturbances of sleep continuity, a reduciton of slow wave sleep, and a disinhibition of REM sleep). Its REM sleep-suppressing properties resemble those of most, although not all, antidepressants and may be clinically relevant. The drug also demonstrates sleep-consolidating properties under both standard routine and acoustic stress conditions. These effects are most likely related to ziprasidone's 5-HT(2C) antagonism, 5-HT(1A) agonism, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Germany. scohrs@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cohrs
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: Anna-Catharina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: Eckart
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rüther
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodenbeck
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods / Q000523:psychology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000187:drug effects; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D012895:Sleep, REM / Q000187:drug effects; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010879:Piperazines; D010919:Placebos; D013844:Thiazoles; C092292:ziprasidone