title: Endobronchial adenosine monophosphate challenge causes tachykinin release in the human airway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adenosine 5 monophosphate (AMP) has been shown to cause bronchoconstriction and a sensation of chest tightness when inhaled by asthmatic subjects. This response is attenuated after repeated inhalation of bradykinin, suggesting that AMP may act in part by the release of neuropeptides.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study examined neuropeptide release in the human airway after endobronchial AMP challenge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Endobronchial AMP challenge was performed in 20 subjects and tachykinin levels were measured after endobronchial AMP challenge and after placebo endobronchial challenge with saline.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All subjects coughed immediately after adenosine challenge. There was a significant increase in neurokinin A and substance P levels (P < .01, P < .01 respectively) when post-saline and post-AMP levels were compared. There was, however, no significant change in calcitonin gene related peptide levels (P = .37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates that endobronchial AMP challenge causes tachykinin release in the human airway in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Respiratory Research Group, School of Medicine, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast.
authors.forename: Fionnuala
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Crummy
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: Joy E S
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ardill
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Adamson
authors.forename: Madeleine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ennis
authors.forename: Liam G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Heaney
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000328:Adult; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015288:Neurokinin A / Q000378:metabolism; D013373:Substance P / Q000378:metabolism; D015320:Tachykinins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015320:Tachykinins; D013373:Substance P; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D015288:Neurokinin A; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide