title: Anthelmintic activity of Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait. F. flowers in sheep.
abstract: The anthelmintic activity of Calotropis (C.) procera flowers in comparison with levamisole was evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies revealed anthelmintic effects (P<0.05) of crude aqueous (CAE) and crude methanolic extracts (CME) of Calotropis procera flowers on live Haemonchus (H.) contortus as evident from their mortality or temporary paralysis. For in vivo studies, Calotropis procera flowers were administered as crude powder (CP), CAE and CME to sheep naturally infected with mixed species of gastrointestinal nematodes. Egg count percent reduction (ECR) was recorded as 88.4 and 77.8% in sheep treated with CAE and CP at 3gkg(-1) body weight on day 7 and 10 post-treatment (PT), respectively. CME was least effective resulting in 20.9% reduction in ECR on day 7 PT. It was found that Calotropis procera flowers possess good anthelmintic activity against nematodes, yet it was lower than that exhibited by levamisole (97.8-100%). It is suggested that further research on large scale be carried out involving a large number of animals, doses higher than those used in the current study, identification of active principles, and standardization of dose and toxicity studies for drug development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan. zafaruaf@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Zafar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lateef
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jabbar
authors.forename: Ghulam
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Muhammad
authors.forename: Muhammad Nisar
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Khan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D031107:Calotropis; D005260:Female; D035264:Flowers / Q000737:chemistry*; D007840:Latex / Q000633:toxicity; D007978:Levamisole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D007840:Latex; D010936:Plant Extracts; D007978:Levamisole