title: Colorectal liver metastases: CT, MR imaging, and PET for diagnosis--meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To perform a meta-analysis to obtain sensitivity estimates of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) for detection of colorectal liver metastases on per-patient and per-lesion bases.
  
  
  METHODS
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CANCERLIT databases and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant original articles published from January 1990 to December 2003. Criteria for inclusion of articles were as follows: Articles were reported in the English, German, or French language; CT, MR imaging, or FDG PET was performed to identify and characterize colorectal liver metastases; histopathologic analysis (surgery, biopsy, or autopsy), intraoperative observation (manual palpatation, intraoperative ultrasonography [US]), and/or follow-up US was the reference standard; and data were sufficient for calculation of true-positive or false-negative values. A random-effects linear regression model was used to obtain sensitivity estimates in assessment of liver metastases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 165 identified relevant articles, 61 fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Sensitivity estimates on a per-patient basis for nonhelical CT, helical CT, 1.5-T MR imaging, and FDG PET were 60.2%, 64.7%, 75.8%, and 94.6%, respectively; FDG PET was the most accurate modality. On a per-lesion basis, sensitivity estimates for nonhelical CT, helical CT, 1.0-T MR imaging, 1.5-T MR imaging, and FDG PET were 52.3%, 63.8%, 66.1%, 64.4%, and 75.9%, respectively; nonhelical CT had lowest sensitivity. Estimates of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced MR imaging were significantly better, compared with nonenhanced MR imaging (P = .019 and P < .001, respectively) and with helical CT with 45 g of iodine or less (P = .02 and P < .001, respectively). For lesions of 1 cm or larger, SPIO-enhanced MR imaging was the most accurate modality (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FDG PET had significantly higher sensitivity on a per-patient basis, compared with that of the other modalities, but not on a per-lesion basis. Sensitivity estimates for MR imaging with contrast agent were significantly superior to those for helical CT with 45 g of iodine or less.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. s.bipat@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Shandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bipat
authors.forename: Maarten S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: van Leeuwen
authors.forename: Emile F I
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Comans
authors.forename: Milan E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Pijl
authors.forename: Patrick M M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bossuyt
authors.forename: Aeilko H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zwinderman
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stoker
mesh_terms: D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D036542:Tomography, Spiral Computed; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D005682:Gadolinium