title: First report of suspected ethylene glycol poisoning in 2 dogs in South Africa.
abstract: Ethylene glycol (anti-freeze) toxicity is a serious emergency in both veterinary and human medicine. Ethylene glycol (E/G) is the active anti-freeze principle in radiator water additives. It is odourless, colourless and has a sweet taste. As little as 5 ml or 20 ml is sufficient to kill a cat or a dog, respectively. Ethylene glycol is rapidly absorbed and metabolised in the liver to oxalate, which is deposited as calcium oxalate in the kidneys causing irreversible damage. This report describes 2 dogs that were suspected to have ingested ethylene glycol. The report contains a description of the 3 stages of ethylene glycol toxicity as well as a short discussion of the treatment. Public awareness about the dangers of anti-freeze will help in limiting exposure of pets and humans to this potentially fatal toxin. Veterinarians need to be aware of anti-freeze toxicity as delayed recognition and treatment will lead to the death of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Small Animal Medicine, Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa. ninette.keller@up.ac.za
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goddard
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000506:poisoning*; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary; D013019:South Africa; D016482:Urinalysis / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D019855:Ethylene Glycol