title: UV light tanning as a type of substance-related disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To better understand the complex motivations involved with UV light (UVL) tanning behavior.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two written instruments, the CAGE (Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener) Questionnaire, used to screen for alcohol abuse or dependence, and the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for substance-related disorders, were modified to evaluate subjects for a substance-related disorder involving UVL tanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Galveston Island beach. Subjects A total of 145 beach-goers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Positive findings from the 2 evaluation instruments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 145 subjects, 38 (26%) met the modified CAGE criteria, and 77 (53%) met the modified DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for a substance-related disorder with regard to UVL and related sun tanning. The results from both instruments were significantly associated (P = .03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Individuals who chronically and repetitively expose themselves to UVL to tan may have a novel type of UVL substance-related disorder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0783, USA.
authors.forename: Molly M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Warthan
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Wagner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001294:Attitude to Health; D016739:Behavior, Addictive; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013472:Sunlight / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects