title: Evaluation of lacrimal fluid as an alternative for monitoring glucose in critically ill patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study evaluated the use of lacrimal fluid glucose concentrations as a minimally invasive, alternative sampling strategy for monitoring glucose concentrations in surgical/trauma ICU patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, paired sample study in an adult surgical/trauma ICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients receiving subcutaneous or intravenous insulin requiring routine capillary blood glucose measurements. Patients receiving ocular lubricants, artificial tears, or routinely administered ophthalmic medications and patients with facial injuries were excluded.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lacrimal fluid was collected using glass capillary tube placed near the cul-de-sac of the eye. Capillary blood glucose was determined using a bedside glucose meter as per routine ICU care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lacrimal fluid glucose concentration was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with pulse amperometric detection. Forty-four paired samples from five patients were analyzed. Pearson correlation between lacrimal fluid (microM) and blood glucose (mM) concentrations and the proportional change from baseline revealed no significant associations. Due to the very poor association, enrollment was discontinued after five patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lacrimal fluid and blood glucose concentrations were poorly correlated, suggesting that the former is not a reliable alternative to blood glucose monitoring in surgical/trauma ICU patients requiring insulin therapy.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA. leblanc.26@osu.edu
authors.forename: Jaclyn M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leblanc
authors.forename: Curtis E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Haas
authors.forename: Glorimar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: Luis A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Colon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016638:Critical Illness; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013666:Tears / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose