title: Understanding and measuring powered wheelchair mobility and manoeuvrability. Part I. Reach in confined spaces.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine: (1) what wheelchair manoeuvrability factors are important and (2) the effects of powered wheelchair design on the ability to reach in a confined space.
  
  
  METHODS
  The relative importance of five aspects of wheelchair manoeuvrability was determined through a survey of users of wheelchairs (N = 52) and health care professionals and others (N = 89). A single young, non-disabled subject undertook repeated trials of reach distance on to a counter at the end of a corridor whose width could be adjusted by moving Styrofoam walls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reaching, moving in confined spaces and avoiding collisions were more important than speed and avoiding the need to drive backwards. The rear wheel drive powered wheelchair was found to allow the greatest reach when driving backwards into the space and the wheelchair which moved in a sideways direction allowed greatest reach in the narrowest corridor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The survey concluded that manoeuvring in small spaces and reaching without collisions were important. The powered wheelchair with sideways capability afforded the greatest reach in confined spaces except when the rear wheel drive chair was driven in backwards. The survey respondents did not place a high priority on avoiding backwards driving but some people find this difficult to do safely.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Studies in Aging, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4N 3M5. pam.holliday@sw.ca
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mihailidis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rolfson
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fernie
mesh_terms: D032882:Comprehension; D020378:Confined Spaces; D006233:Persons with Disabilities; D011211:Electric Power Supplies; D004867:Equipment Design; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009864:Ontario; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014910:Wheelchairs / Q000592:standards* / Q000639:trends