title: Energy expenditure by intravenous administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 mediated by the lower brainstem and sympathoadrenal system.
abstract: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from the gut in response to nutrient ingestion. Intravenous (iv) administration of GLP-1 (50 pmol-20 nmol) elicited dose-dependent increases in the rate of whole-body O2 consumption (VO2), an index of energy expenditure, and heart rate of urethane-anesthetized rats. The body core (colonic) temperature increased up to 0.3 degrees C without accompanying alteration of tail skin temperature. Intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of GLP-1 induced a slower and smaller increase in VO2 than the intravenous administration. The injection of glucagon-like peptide-2 (iv or icv) had no effect on VO2, body temperatures, or heart rate. Decerebration had no effect on the thermogenic responses induced by the iv administration of GLP-1, suggesting that the forebrain is not essential for these responses. However, cervical spinal transection greatly attenuated the responses, suggesting the critical involvement of the lower brainstem. Adrenalectomy or pretreatment with an autonomic ganglion blocker, hexamethonium, or a beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, also significantly attenuated the thermogenic response. However, subdiaphragmatic vagotomy or celiac-superior mesenteric ganglionectomy had no effect. Rats made insulin-deficient by pretreatment with streptozotocin also exhibited the normal thermogenic response to GLP-1. These results suggest the involvement of the GLP-1 in postprandial energy expenditure, mediated by the lower brainstem and sympathoadrenal system.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku 162-8636, Japan. osaka@nih.go.jp
authors.forename: Toshimasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Midori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamakawa
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000502:physiology*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000818:Animals; D031608:Area Postrema / Q000293:injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000502:physiology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015171:Ganglionectomy; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D018738:Hexamethonium / Q000494:pharmacology; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D016548:Prosencephalon / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000601:surgery; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D014628:Vagotomy
chemical_list: D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D018738:Hexamethonium; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; D011433:Propranolol