title: Loss of ARNT/HIF1beta mediates altered gene expression and pancreatic-islet dysfunction in human type 2 diabetes.
abstract: beta cell dysfunction is a central component of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Using oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR of pancreatic islets isolated from humans with type 2 diabetes versus normal glucose-tolerant controls, we identified multiple changes in expression of genes known to be important in beta cell function, including major decreases in expression of HNF4alpha, insulin receptor, IRS2, Akt2, and several glucose-metabolic-pathway genes. There was also a 90% decrease in expression of the transcription factor ARNT. Reducing ARNT levels in Min6 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in markedly impaired glucose-stimulated insulin release and changes in gene expression similar to those in human type 2 islets. Likewise, beta cell-specific ARNT knockout mice exhibited abnormal glucose tolerance, impaired insulin secretion, and changes in islet gene expression that mimicked those in human diabetic islets. Together, these data suggest an important role for decreased ARNT and altered gene expression in the impaired islet function of human type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Jenny E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gunton
authors.forename: Rohit N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
authors.forename: SunHee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Terumasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Wayne J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Hawthorne
authors.forename: Yu-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Russell S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Roberson
authors.forename: Camillo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ricordi
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Connell
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: C Ronald
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Kahn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D005947:Glucose / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon / Q000235:genetics*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: C497396:ARNT protein, human; C497397:Arnt protein, mouse; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018336:Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D005947:Glucose