title: Prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia among strenuously trained adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is a lack of awareness among physicians, dieticians, and public health planners as to the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia among adolescents undergoing strenuous physical training. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia among male adolescents undergoing such activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 292 male adolescents on the day of entry into a volunteer military unit. Hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, iron, iron-transferrin saturation, and soluble transferrin receptor (TfR) were measured, and TfR-F index was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Hb level (+/-SD) in the study population was 14.7 +/- .9 g/dL (range, 10.8-16.8 g/dL), mean ferritin level was 50.6 +/- 32.6 ng/mL (range, 5.4-162.5 ng/mL), and mean iron level was 97.1 +/- 39.9 microg/dL (range, 24-267 microg/dL). The prevalence of anemia (Hb <14 g/dL) was 18.5%, and 3.4% had Hb concentrations less than 13 g/dL. Iron deficiency (ferritin <22 ng/mL) was present in 18% of the subjects, and 11.3% had ferritin levels less than 17 ng/mL. The mean soluble transferrin receptor concentration was 1.9 +/- .8 mg/L, and the mean TfR-F index was 1.21 +/- .57.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nearly 19% of the study subjects had mild anemia at recruitment, and depletion of iron stores was observed among 18%. Overall, these changes were not accompanied by a significant increase in soluble TfR. This high prevalence is most likely the result of "sports anemia" due to the intense physical training regimen adopted prior to their recruitment.
authors.affiliation: Israel Defense Force Medical Corps, Military Post 02149, Israel.
authors.forename: Drorit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Merkel
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huerta
authors.forename: Itamar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Grotto
authors.forename: Dalit
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Orna
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tal
authors.forename: Eliezer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rachmilewitz
authors.forename: Eitan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fibach
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Ofer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Shpilberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D015444:Exercise; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D000090463:Iron Deficiencies; D007557:Israel; D049449:Luminescence; D008297:Male; D008889:Military Personnel; D009391:Nephelometry and Turbidimetry; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D011990:Receptors, Transferrin; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron