title: Recurrent seizure activity after epidural morphine in a post-partum woman.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report on a primiparous woman who suffered recurrent seizure activity after repeated small doses of epidural morphine to highlight the neuroexcitation potential of neuraxial opioids in the epileptic patient.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seizure activities as a complication of opioid administration have been reported in laboratory animals and humans. We report the case of a 30-yr-old primiparous woman with a history of epilepsy under carbamazepine treatment, who had epidural anesthesia for elective Cesarean section at 38 weeks gestation. Postoperatively, 1.5 mg of morphine were administered epidurally for pain control. Three hours later the patient suffered from clonic movements of the right arm without loss of consciousness. One day later, she again received 1 mg of epidural morphine twice at a 12-hr interval and similar seizure episodes recurred eight hours after each dose. A relation between the administration of morphine and seizure activity was suspected and the use of opioids for pain control was stopped. The patient was discharged on the fifth postoperative day and, more than one year after the last episode, she remains free of any seizure activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our report indicates that even a remote history of epilepsy carries a pro-convulsant potential in the peripartum period, even following the administration of small doses of epidural morphine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5 Fu-Hsing St., Tao Yuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Jen
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Doufas
authors.forename: Hsu-Chu
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015360:Analgesia, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D009020:Morphine; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine