title: Humoral and cellular immune responses induced in mice by purified iridoid mixture that inhibits penetration of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae upon topical treatment of mice tails.
abstract: When tested for possible blocking effect on the cercarial, serine proteinase, elastase (CE) activity, an iridoid mixture extracted from leaves of Citharexylum quadrangular abolished 31% of the enzyme activity at final concentration 15 microg. When formulated in jojoba oil and applied to mice tails followed by infection with Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, the iridoid mixture blocked cercarial penetration and caused significant reducetion (94%; P < 0.05) in worm burden in treated mice in comparison to controls. Also, immunomodulatory effects of iridoid mixture, iridoid-treated S. mansoni worm homogenate on mice were studied by measuring IgG and IgM levels against E. coli lysates (ECL), solube S. mansoni worm antigenic preparation (SWAP) and cancer bladder homogenates (CBH) as antigens by ELISA. Cellular immune responses were studied by calculating mean percent of CD4+, CD8(+)-T, B-mesenteric lymph node cells (MLNC) and CD4+, CD8(+)-T thymocytes by direct immunofluorescence staining in treated mice as compared to untreated homogenate given mice or untreated mice. Injecting mice with serial dilutions of iridoid mixture resulted in fluctuation, peaks and troughs, in both IgG and IgM responses against the above mentioned antigens. 1st and 2nd immunizations with iridoid mixture treated homogenate resulted in significantly elevated (P < 0.05). IgM and IgG levels against the 3 used antigens in comparison with sera from control mice. Immunized mice with homogenate treated with iridoid mixture showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in CD4+T thymocytes, a non significant increase in CD8+T thymocytes, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in CD4+T lymphocytes (MLNC) and a non significant increase in CD8+ T- and B-lymphocytes (MLNC) compared with mice immunized with untreated homogenate or non-injected normal mice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutical Chemistry, The National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt. mbahgatriad@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bahgat
authors.forename: Nagwa M M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Shalaby
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruppel
authors.forename: Amany S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Maghraby
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D000871:Anthelmintics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood; D039823:Iridoids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D051379:Mice; D011897:Random Allocation; D012550:Schistosoma mansoni / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D012555:Schistosomiasis mansoni / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013623:Tail; D029648:Verbenaceae / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000871:Anthelmintics; D000909:Antibodies, Helminth; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D039823:Iridoids