title: Probabilistic risk characterization: an example with di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
abstract: While probabilistic methods gain attention in hazard characterization and are increasingly used in exposure assessment, full use of the available probabilistic information in risk characterization is still uncommon. Usually, after probabilistic hazard characterization and/or exposure assessment, percentiles from the obtained distributions are used as point estimates in risk characterization. In this way, all information on variability and uncertainty is lost, while these aspects are crucial in any risk assessment. In this paper, we present a method to integrate the entire distributions from probabilistic hazard characterization and exposure assessment into one risk characterization plot. This method is illustrated using di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate as an example. The final result of this probabilistic risk assessment is summarized in a single plot, containing two pieces of information: the confidence we may have in concluding there is no risk, and the fraction of the population this conclusion applies to. This information leads to a better informed conclusion on the risk of a substance, and may be very useful to define the necessary measures for risk reduction.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. sieto.bosgra@rivm.nl
authors.forename: Sieto
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bosgra
authors.forename: Peter M J
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Bos
authors.forename: Theo G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Vermeire
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Luit
authors.forename: Wout
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Slob
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005062:European Union; D005506:Food Contamination; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000592:standards; D015233:Models, Statistical; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D010968:Plasticizers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000592:standards; D012308:Risk Management / Q000592:standards; D035501:Uncertainty
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010968:Plasticizers; D004051:Diethylhexyl Phthalate