title: Prevalence of methadone injection in three Swiss cities.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravenous methadone is associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A previous report from a methadone center in Fribourg, Switzerland, found a high prevalence (43%) of patients who injected oral methadone. We therefore wished to assess the prevalence of methadone injection among patients in oral methadone programs in 3 other Swiss cities--Lausanne, Geneva, and La Chaux-de-Fonds.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were randomly selected and interviewed by assistant psychologists who were not on the staff of the study centers. Participation was voluntary and anonymous.
  
  
  RESULTS
  164 patients participated in the study (n = 58 in Lausanne, 52 in Geneva, and 54 in La Chaux-de-Fonds). The prevalence of methadone injection was low (5%) and did not differ significantly between the cities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Less liberal policies cannot explain the lower prevalence of methadone injection in these three centers than in Fribourg. The high prevalence of methadone injection there is probably related to its separate methadone injection program: patients in oral methadone programs may be more likely to injection methadone when other patients authorized to do so.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the 5% prevalence of methadone injection found in the 3 cities surveyed is low, it is not negligible. These results suggest that information on the risks associated with injection of methadone syrup should be provided to all methadone maintenance. This information is especially necessary when maintenance therapy is provided in the same center, or city as injectable methadone maintenance.
authors.affiliation: Division d'abus de substances, Département de psychiatrie, Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Chevalley
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Besson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Croquette-Krokar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dubois
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uehlinger
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Eap
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015995:Prevalence; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics; D008691:Methadone