title: Foot and leg problems are important determinants of functional status in community dwelling older people.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether foot and leg problems are independently associated with functional status in a community sample of older people after adjusting for the influence of socio-demographic, physical and medical factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were analysed from the Health Status of Older People project, a population-based study involving a random sample of 1000 community-dwelling people aged 65 - 94 years (533 females, 467 males, mean age 73.4 years +/- 5.87). A structured interview and brief physical examination were used to investigate the associations between self-reported foot and leg problems and functional status. Functional status was assessed using: (i) timed 'Up & Go' test, (ii) self-reported difficulty climbing stairs, (iii) self-reported difficulty walking one kilometer, (iv) self-reported difficulty performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and (v) self-reported history of one or more falls in the previous 12 months. These associations were then explored after adjusting for socio-demographic, physical and medical factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-six percent of the sample reported having foot or leg problems. Univariate analyses revealed that people with foot and leg problems were significantly more likely to exhibit poorer functional status in all parameters measured. After adjusting for socio-demographic, physical and medical factors, foot and leg problems remained significantly associated with impaired timed 'Up & Go' performance (OR = 2.15, 95%CI 1.55 - 2.97), difficulty climbing stairs (OR = 3.33, 95%CI 1.98 - 5.61), difficulty walking one kilometer (OR = 3.13, 95%CI 2.09 - 4.69), and history of falling (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.26 - 2.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot and leg problems are reported by one in three community-dwelling people aged 65 years and older. Independent of the influence of age, gender, common medical conditions and other socio-demographic factors, foot and leg problems have a significant impact on the ability to perform functional tasks integral to independent living.
authors.affiliation: School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Elizabeth L M
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Colette
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Browning
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Hylton B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Menz
authors.forename: Hal
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kendig
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016330:Frail Elderly; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D051346:Mobility Limitation; D009517:New South Wales; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012737:Sex Factors