title: Association of GST genotypes with age of onset and lymph node metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Environment-gene interaction in oral carcinogenesis is well demonstrated by phase I and II enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens. This study investigated the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST)T1 and GSTM1 genotypes of phase II enzyme genes with risk for, age of onset, and neck lymph node metastasis (LNM) in areca-associated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 114 OSCC male patients and 100 male controls were recruited. All subjects were areca users and tobacco smokers. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples. Genotyping of GSTT1 (non-null/null) and GSTM1 (non-null/null) was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using specific primers that only amplify non-null alleles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No association was found between GST genotype and the risk of OSCC based on case-controls. Patients with the GSTT1 null genotype were older at onset (P = 0.03). Those with the GSTM1 null genotype had a higher incidence of neck LNM than those with the GSTM1 non-null genotype (P = 0.01). Patients with the GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotype appeared to have later onset and a higher incidence of neck LNM than those carrying the opposite genotype.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GST genotypes may be important markers for the age of onset and risk of metastasis in OSCC. The data also suggest that the various GST isoforms may be differentially involved in development or progression of OSCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chung-Ji
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Che-Shoa
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Man-Tin
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Ching-Wen
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Dang
authors.forename: Yin-Hua
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Kuo-Wei
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D001114:Areca / Q000009:adverse effects; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008658:Inactivation, Metabolic; D016015:Logistic Models; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016017:Odds Ratio; D020033:Protein Isoforms
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D020033:Protein Isoforms; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1