title: The economic effect of a tertiary hospital-based heart failure program.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to determine the economic effect of a tertiary heart failure (HF) program at an academic medical center.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Most hospitals use cross-sectional financial models to analyze the economic contribution of clinical programs for a budget period. We estimated the incremental value of a tertiary hospital HF program on the basis of the longitudinal utilization of a sample of HF patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The primary data source was a sample of 82 HF patients referred for cardiac transplant evaluation at an academic medical center during calendar years 2000 to 2001. Cumulative recurrent rates of utilization, cost, and reimbursement for hospital services were computed as functions of time using reliability models. The economic contribution of patients transplanted was contrasted with those not transplanted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean hospitalizations and outpatient encounters per patient at the end of the first year of follow-up for those transplanted were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 2.7) and 11.9 (95% CI 9.2 to 15.4), compared with 1.1 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.6) and 6.0 (95% CI 4.8 to 7.6), respectively, for those not transplanted. Mean revenue and direct cost per patient were 194,470 dollars (95% CI 136,683 dollars to 276,689 dollars) and 146,623 dollars (95% CI 96,377 dollars to 233,065 dollars), respectively, for transplanted patients and 43,587 dollars (95% CI 28,149 dollars to 67,503 dollars) and 33,424 dollars (95% CI 21,584 dollars to 51,760 dollars), respectively, for non-transplanted patients. The point estimates of first-year contribution margins per patient for transplanted and non-transplanted patients were 47,847 dollars and 10,163 dollars, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Newly evaluated patients for cardiac transplantation at an academic medical center generated substantial incident demands for inpatient and outpatient services over a two-year follow-up period. The estimated contribution margin associated with these services was positive. Hospitals without cardiac transplantation that serve high-acuity HF patients may generate favorable long-term contribution margins, on the basis of the results for the non-transplant group.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Clinical Studies and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. dgregory@ccstrials.com
authors.forename: Douglas
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: DeNofrio
authors.forename: Marvin A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konstam
mesh_terms: D000046:Academic Medical Centers / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001900:Boston; D002017:Budgets; D003361:Cost Allocation; D004180:Direct Service Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000191:economics* / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000191:economics*; D017721:Hospital Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare; D008875:Middle Aged; D017059:Models, Econometric; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000191:economics*; D011446:Prospective Studies