title: A study on symptom profiles of late-life depression: the influence of vascular, degenerative and inflammatory risk-indicators.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  If specific symptom profiles of depressive disorders in the elderly are related to a specific etiology, this could have implications for everyday clinical practice. We hypothesized that a "motivational" profile, with symptoms such as psychomotor change, loss of interest and loss of energy, could clinically separate patients with predominantly vascular or degenerative risk indicators from patients with inflammatory risk indicators.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 4051 subjects participated in a study on mental health problems in community-dwelling elderly. Information on psychiatric symptoms, demographic and medical status, previous history and family history was obtained. We distinguished three subgroups according to predominant somatic risk-indicators; vascular, degenerative and inflammatory groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Motivational symptoms were associated with vascular or degenerative risk-indicators for depression; psychomotor change with both indicators; loss of energy with vascular, though also with the inflammatory indicator, and thinking/concentration disturbance with the degenerative indicator. The so-called mood symptoms of depression, especially thoughts of death, were more strongly related with the inflammatory risk-indicator. Melancholic symptoms like appetite and sleep disturbances were more strongly associated with the inflammatory risk-indicator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Etiological classification was not confirmed by additional investigations such as laboratory findings or MRI brain scans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed that in patients with a late-life depression specific symptoms of the depressive disorder may reflect the predominant underlying pathogenic mechanism.
authors.affiliation: Spatie, Center for Mental Health, PO box 926, 7300 BD Apeldoorn and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center St. Radboud, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. p.naarding@spatie.nl
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Naarding
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schoevers
authors.forename: Joost G E
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Janzing
authors.forename: Cees
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jonker
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koudstaal
authors.forename: Aartjan T F
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Beekman
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors