title: A prospective study of wheezing in young children: the independent effects of cockroach exposure, breast-feeding and allergic sensitization.
abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate risk factors for persistent wheezing in a group of 2-4-year-old children after an index-wheezing episode in infancy. Eighty infants who had been seen at the Emergency Department for an episode of acute wheezing were followed for 2 yr in this prospective study. Caregivers completed a questionnaire, and children underwent clinical evaluation and skin prick testing 2 yr following the index-wheezing episode. Detection of respiratory viruses and analysis of exposure to major indoor allergens were carried out at enrollment. Immunoglobin E antibodies were measured at the beginning of the study and at the end of follow-up, using the CAP system. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with persistent wheezing. Seventy-three children (44 boys) completed the study. After 2 yr, 38 (52%) reported three or more wheezing episodes in the past 12 months (persistent wheezers). Independent risk factors for persistence of wheezing were allergic sensitization and exposure to cockroach allergen in the kitchen. Breast-feeding for at least 1 month was a protective factor. A strong association between allergic sensitization and persistence of wheezing was found in a group of very young children living in a subtropical area.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Jorgete M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Ataide A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Camara
authors.forename: Kátia R C
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Tobias
authors.forename: Izolete S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Macedo
authors.forename: M Regina A
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: Eurico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Martin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Thomas A E
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Platts-Mills
authors.forename: L Karla
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: Virgínia P L
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Ferriani
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology* / Q000276:immunology; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens