title: Expression of human pim family genes is selectively up-regulated by cytokines promoting T helper type 1, but not T helper type 2, cell differentiation.
abstract: Cytokines are the most important inducers of T helper (Th) cell differentiation. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) are responsible for human Th1-cell differentiation, while IL-4 is the critical cytokine promoting Th2-cell development. These two subsets of cells co-ordinate immunological responses to pathogens as well as autoimmune or allergic reactions. The pim family of proto-oncogenes encodes serine/threonine-specific kinases involved in cytokine-mediated signalling pathways in haematopoietic cells. Here we demonstrate that expression of pim-1 and pim-2 mRNAs is selectively up- or down-regulated in human cord-blood-derived CD4+ cells freshly induced to polarize towards Th1 or Th2 cells, respectively, whereas their expression is inhibited in both cell types by the immunosuppressive transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). Moreover, the Th1-specific cytokines IL-12 and IFN-alpha, but not the Th2-specific cytokine IL-4, transiently up-regulate pim-1 and pim-2 mRNA expression in human peripheral blood T cells and natural killer cells. In addition, the Pim-1 protein levels are strongly up-regulated by Th1-specific cytokines in all of these cell types. Taken together, our results suggest that pim genes and their protein products are involved in the early differentiation process of T helper cells.
authors.affiliation: Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku/Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
authors.forename: Teija L T
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Aho
authors.forename: Riikka J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Emmi K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Ylikoski
authors.forename: Sampsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matikainen
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lahesmaa
authors.forename: Päivi J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Koskinen
mesh_terms: D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000276:immunology; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051573:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016898:Interferon-alpha; C490587:PIM2 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018664:Interleukin-12; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051573:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-pim-1; C406031:proto-oncogene proteins pim