Hypertension and the cardiometabolic syndrome.
Hypertension and cardiovascular disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Accumulating data demonstrate a relationship between hypertension and several vascular and metabolic abnormalities that are components of the cardiometabolic syndrome. The components of the cardiometabolic syndrome include insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia, central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, microalbuminuria, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress. There is growing evidence that tissue activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system participates in endothelial dysfunction, microalbuminuria, insulin resistance, and subsequent cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. The notion that hypertension is a metabolic as well as a vascular disease opens a new paradigm for the treatment of this disorder.
Manrique
Camila
C
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
Lastra
Guido
G
Whaley-Connell
Adam
A
Sowers
James R
JR
D000419:Albuminuria / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors