title: Handheld computers and the 21st century surgical team: a pilot study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The commercial development and expansion of mobile phone networks has led to the creation of devices combining mobile phones and personal digital assistants, which could prove invaluable in a clinical setting. This pilot study aimed to look at how one such device compared with the current pager system in facilitating inter-professional communication in a hospital clinical team.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study looked at a heterogeneous team of doctors (n = 9) working in a busy surgical setting at St. Mary's Hospital in London and compared the use of a personal digital assistant with mobile phone and web-browsing facilities to the existing pager system. The primary feature of this device being compared to the conventional pager was its use as a mobile phone, but other features evaluated included the ability to access the internet, and reference data on the device. A crossover study was carried out for 6 weeks in 2004, with the team having access to the personal digital assistant every alternate week. The primary outcome measure for assessing efficiency of communication was the length of time it took for clinicians to respond to a call. We also sought to assess the ease of adoption of new technology by evaluating the perceptions of the team (n = 9) to personal digital assistants, by administering a questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Doctors equipped with a personal digital assistant rather than a pager, responded more quickly to a call and had a lower of failure to respond rate (RR: 0.44; 95%CI 0.20-0.93). Clinicians also found this technology easy to adopt as seen by a significant reduction in perceptions of nervousness to the technology over the six-week study period (mean (SD) week 1: 4.10 (SD 1.69) vs. mean (SD) week 6: 2.20 (1.99); p = 0.04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this pilot study show the possible effects of replacing the current hospital pager with a newer, more technologically advanced device, and suggest that a combined personal digital assistant and mobile phone device may improve communication between doctors. In the light of these encouraging preliminary findings, we propose a large-scale clinical trial of the use of these devices in facilitating inter-professional communication in a hospital setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology & Technology, Imperial College London, UK. omer.aziz@btinternet.com
authors.forename: Omer
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Sukhmeet S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Panesar
authors.forename: Gopalakrishnan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Netuveli
authors.forename: Paraskevas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paraskeva
authors.forename: Aziz
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheikh
authors.forename: Ara
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Darzi
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D040421:Cell Phone; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D006747:Hospital Communication Systems / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008131:London; D008505:Medical Staff, Hospital / Q000523:psychology*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*