title: Perceptions of effort during handgrip and tongue elevation in Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fatigue and the accompanying perception of effort are often heightened in Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare performance on three sense-of-effort tasks between patients with PD and matched neurologically normal control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen PD subjects and 16 normal subjects performed three tasks to assess sense of effort: self-ratings of effort using direct-magnitude estimation, generating pressures at various levels of effort, and sustaining a submaximal level of effort. The latter two tasks were done with handgrip and tongue elevation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two of the three tasks successfully differentiated the groups. Subjects with PD provided significantly higher ratings of effort for general daily activities and for speech. During the constant-effort task, pressure curves decayed more rapidly for the PD subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Performance by PD subjects on the constant-effort task resembled that by normal adults who were pre-fatigued in previous experiments. Results support greater than normal sense-of-effort related to fatigue in PD, and provide preliminary validation of a performance-based physiologic task to assess abnormal sense of effort in this population.
authors.affiliation: Army Audiology & Speech Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5001, USA. nancy.p.solomon@us.army.mil
authors.forename: Nancy Pearl
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Solomon
authors.forename: Donald A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Robin
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue / Q000502:physiology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D010465:Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011312:Pressure; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*