Hospital-based epidemiology of childhood cholera: a 6-year review in a university hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.
BACKGROUND
Cholera is the cause of severe acute watery diarrhea. Without proper fluid therapy, severe cholera kills half of the affected patients. In terms of epidemiology and surveillance, up-to-date information of this disease in each country is essential.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate 1) prevalence, serogroups, serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of V cholerae, and 2) demographic data and clinical manifestation of pediatric patients with cholera.


METHODS
Microbiogical records of children aged 0-15 years with cholera, who were treated at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between January 1995 and December 2000 were retrospectively reviewed Serogroups, serotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility of V. cholerae were studied Medical records of children with positive stool cultures for V. cholerae were reviewed in terms of demographic data, clinical manifestation of the patients.


RESULTS
Of 11,709 stool culture specimens, pathogenic bacteria were found in 1,745 specimens and 95 specimens (5.4%) were positive for V. cholerae. V. cholerae O1 and non-O1/non-O139 were found in 52.6% and 47.4%, respectively. Common serotypes of V. cholorae O1 were Ogawa. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogens to co-trimoxazole, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin were 55.0%, 56.4%, 91.4%, 92.5% and 94.9%, respectively. Age distribution of the patients ranged from 2 months to 15 years with an average age of 2.92 years. Clinical manifestations included acute watery diarrhea (92.8%), vomiting (56.4%), fever (37.5%), hypotension (19.6%) and abdominal pain (3.8%). Stool leukocytes were microscopically detected in 20% of the patients. No patients died in the present study.


CONCLUSIONS
Childhood cholera in Thailand still exists. Most patients presented with acute watery diarrhea. Regarding antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, ceftriaxone and quinolones are appropriate drugs of choice.
Pancharoen
Chitsanu
C
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. chitsanu.p@chula.ac.th
Niwattanakanjana
Narut
N
Mekmullica
Jutarat
J
Chongsrisawat
Voranush
V
D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002771:Cholera / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013785:Thailand / Q000453:epidemiology