title: A surgeon who CARES can be safer.
abstract: The characteristics of a high-reliability organization are reviewed. Examples of how these characteristics relate to patient safety in surgical practice are illustrated by vignettes. The characteristics discussed include commitment to safety demonstrated to others by the conduct of one's practice; attention focused on one's own performance and the performance of others to the task at hand; rehearsal and proper preparation and contingency planning for procedures; effective communication so that information is accurate, adequate, unambiguous, and confirmed; and sense-making, or an understanding and verification of consistency between what is observed and expected and between what is planned and the premises for those plans.
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marella
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015279:Organizational Culture; D017751:Safety Management; D013503:Surgery Department, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014481:United States