title: Novel mutations in three families confirm a major role of COL4A1 in hereditary porencephaly.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Porencephaly (cystic cavities of the brain) is caused by perinatal vascular accidents from various causes. Several familial cases have been described and autosomal dominant inheritance linked to chromosome 13q has been suggested. COL4A1 is an essential component in basal membrane stability. Mouse mutants bearing an in-frame deletion of exon 40 of Col4a1 either die from haemorrhage in the perinatal period or have porencephaly in survivors. A report of inherited mutations in COL4A1 in two families has shown that familial porencephaly may have the same cause in humans.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To describe three novel COL4A1 mutations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The three mutations occurred in three unrelated Dutch families. There were two missense mutations of glycine residues predicted to result in abnormal collagen IV assembly, and one mutation predicted to abolish the traditional COL4A1 start codon. The last mutation was also present in an asymptomatic obligate carrier with white matter abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observation confirms COL4A1 as a major locus for genetic predisposition to perinatal cerebral haemorrhage and porencephaly and suggests variable expression of COL4A1 mutations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, Netherlands.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Breedveld
authors.forename: I F
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: de Coo
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lequin
authors.forename: W F M
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Heutink
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Gould
authors.forename: S W M
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oostra
authors.forename: G M S
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Mancini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D024141:Collagen Type IV / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010375:Pedigree; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary
chemical_list: D024141:Collagen Type IV