title: Anti-phospholipid antibodies against phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine are more significant in reproductive failure than antibodies against cardiolipin only.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The humoral immune response to phospholipids was investigated in women with reproductive failure [1073 women after one in vitro fertilization (IVF), 853 women after two and more IVF, 627 women after three and more repeated spontaneous miscarriages or missed abortions, 412 women after diagnostic laparoscopy] and compared with that of 391 healthy fertile women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sera from all women in the study were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes of antibodies against seven phospholipids (aPLs), i.e. cardiolipin, L-phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylacid as well as against beta2-glycoprotein I.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients after two and more IVF (48 and 50%, respectively), patients with three and more repeated spontaneous miscarriages (50 and 46.5%, respectively) are associated with significantly higher serum levels of aPLs against inositol, and L-serine (P < 0.01). A quarter of them were positive for three and more aPLs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It seems that determination of aPLs only against cardiolipin in reproductive failure is not sufficient for obstetric-gynecology diagnosis as the primary anti-phospholipid syndrome. Our long-ranging study (from 1998 to 2003) shows the necessity to test for a complete aPLs profile. Sera from patients after two and more IVF procedures, and sera from women after three and more repeated abortions are immunologically more active than sera from women after one unsuccessful IVF and sera from women after diagnostic laparoscopy. This important result is very significant for future treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Faculty Hospital, Pilsen, Czech Republic. ulcova@fnplzen.cz
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ulcova-Gallova
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krauz
authors.forename: Pavla
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Novakova
authors.forename: Lucie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Milichovska
authors.forename: Zdenka
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Micanova
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bibkova
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sucha
authors.forename: Jiri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turek
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Balvin
authors.forename: Zdenek
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Rokyta
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000097:blood*; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000276:immunology*; D010718:Phosphatidylserines / Q000276:immunology*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D002308:Cardiolipins; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D010718:Phosphatidylserines