title: Antioxidant pool in beer and kinetics of EPR spin-trapping.
abstract: The kinetics of spin-trap adduct formation in beer oxidation exhibits an induction period if the reaction is carried out at elevated temperatures and in the presence of air. This lag period lasts until the endogenous antioxidants are almost completely depleted, and its duration is used as an indicator of the flavor stability and shelf life of beer. This paper demonstrates that the total kinetics of the process can be characterized by three parameters-the lag period, the rate of spin-trap adduct formation, and, finally, the steady-state spin-adduct concentration. A steady-state chain reaction mechanism is described, and quantitative estimates of the main kinetic parameters such as the initiation rate, antioxidant pool, effective content of organic molecules participating in the chain reactions, and the rate constant of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical EtOH(*) spin-adduct disappearance are given. An additional new dimensionless parameter is suggested to characterize the antioxidant pool-the product of the lag time and the rate of spin-trap radical formation immediately after the lag time, normalized by the steady-state concentration of the adducts. The results of spin-tapping EPR experiments are compared with the nitroxide reduction kinetics measured in the same beer samples. It is shown that although the kinetics of nitroxide reduction in beer can be used to evaluate the reducing power of beer, the latter parameter does not correlate with the antioxidant pool. The relationship of free radical processes, antioxidant pool, reducing power, and beer staling is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Bioengineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260. nmkoch@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Nikolai M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Kocherginsky
authors.forename: Yuri Yu
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Kostetski
authors.forename: Alex I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Smirnov
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis*; D001515:Beer / Q000032:analysis*; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis; D007700:Kinetics; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013113:Spin Labels
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D013113:Spin Labels; C065424:1-hydroxyethyl radical; C029217:phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone; D000431:Ethanol