title: Lupinus albus, a novel vegetable extract with metalloproteinase inhibitory properties: a potential periodontal therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study we examine the properties of a vegetable extract from seeds of Lupinus albus (LU 105). In previous works we demonstrated that LU 105 reduced the expression, by gingival fibroblasts, of both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. We decided to study the impact of LU 105 on cell proliferation and morphology. Using organ culture media we also studied the MMP and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (timp) expression AND THE cytokines secretion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy and inflamed gingival biopsies were placed in appendage culture with or without LU 105. The organ culture media were analyzed using Western blottings (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-13, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2) and gelatine zymography. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was also performed on healthy and inflamed gingival biopsies, which were maintained in culture with or without LU 105 0.1%. Then, we decided to determine the amount of cytokines present in the organ culture media such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-4, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When gingival biopsies derived from inflamed tissues were cultured with LU 105 0.1% in the culture media, the MMP and TIMP expression and activity decreased significantly when compared to cultures without LU 105. Moreover, we did not note any statistical difference in the cell proliferation compared with human gingival fibroblast cultures without LU 105. Furthermore, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TGF-beta, and TNF-alpha amounts in the culture media decreased significantly, whereas IL-4 increased significantly when LU 105 0.1% was added to the culture media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LU 105, a novel metalloproteinase inhibitor with few consequences on cell proliferation and morphology, is a vegetable extract with potential clinical capacity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Physiopathology of Non-Mineralized Tissues, U.F.R. Odontology, René Descartes University Paris V, Montrouge, France.
authors.forename: Frédérick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gaultier
authors.forename: Anne-Laure
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Ejeil
authors.forename: Sophie-Myriam
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dridi
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Piccardi
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Piccirilli
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Msika
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pellat
authors.forename: Gaston
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godeau
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gogly
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D005881:Gingiva / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007378:Interleukins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D031297:Lupinus; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012639:Seeds; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D007378:Interleukins; C481500:Lupinus albus extract 105; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D019714:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D045726:Metalloproteases