title: Cancer incidence among Hispanic children in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To directly compare cancer incidence among Hispanic children and non-Hispanic white children in California and Florida, two states in the United States of America that include nearly one in three Hispanic children in the country.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional data for 1988 through 1998 pertaining to all incident pediatric cancer cases (age < 15 years) with race/ethnicity coded as either Hispanic or non-Hispanic white came from the Florida Cancer Data System database and the California Cancer Registry database. The results were expressed as age-standardized incidence rates, standardized to the world standard million population. Hispanic rates and non-Hispanic white rates were compared using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs.).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SIR for all cancers for Hispanic children compared to non-Hispanic white children was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.05). For selected tumor types, SIRs indicated higher incidences among Hispanic children for leukemia (SIR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.34), Hodgkin's lymphoma (SIR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.54), and germ cell tumors (SIR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.34, 1.96). There were lower incidences for the Hispanic children for central nervous system tumors (SIR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.78) and for sympathetic nervous system tumors (SIR = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.87). In terms of interstate differences, the incidence of lymphoma, central nervous system tumors, sympathetic nervous system tumors, and malignant bone tumors was highest among Hispanic youth in Florida; the incidence of hepatic tumors was highest among Hispanic youth in California.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While the overall cancer incidence rate among Hispanic children was similar to that for non-Hispanic white children, significant differences for specific tumor types were identified. Since Hispanic ethnicity may be a confounder for other cancer risk factors (e.g., familial, socioeconomic, or environmental), it is recommended that future research into Hispanic pediatric cancer risk investigate these risk factors.
authors.affiliation: University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Florida Cancer Data System, Miami, FL 33101, USA. jwilkins@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Brad
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wohler-Torres
authors.forename: Lora E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacKinnon
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Trapido
authors.forename: Jaclyn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Button
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Peace
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology*; D012042:Registries; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology