title: Mechanical impedance and absorbed power of hand-arm under x(h)-axis vibration and role of hand forces and posture.
abstract: The biodynamic responses of the hand-arm system under x(h)-axis vibration are investigated in terms of the driving point mechanical impedance (DPMI) and absorbed power in a laboratory study. For this purpose, seven healthy male subjects are exposed to two levels of random vibration in the 8-1,000 Hz frequency range, using three instrumented cylindrical handles of different diameters (30, 40 and 50 mm), and different combinations of grip (10, 30 and 50 N) and push (0, 25 and 50 N) forces. The experiments involve grasping the handle while adopting two different postures, involving elbow flexion of 90 degrees and 180 degrees, with wrist in the neutral position for both postures. The analyses of the results revealed peak DPMI magnitude and absorbed power responses near 25 Hz and 150 Hz, for majority of the test conditions considered. The frequency corresponding to the peak response increased with increasing hand forces. Unlike the absorbed power, the DPMI response was mostly observed to be insensitive to variations in the excitation magnitude. The handle diameter revealed obvious effects on the DPMI magnitude, specifically at frequencies above 250 Hz, which was not evident in the absorbed power due to relatively low velocity at higher frequencies. The influence of hand forces was also evident on the DPMI magnitude response particularly at frequencies. above 100 Hz, while the effect of hand-arm posture on the DPMI magnitude was nearly negligible. The magnitude of power absorbed within the hand and arm was observed to be strongly dependent upon the excitation level over the entire frequency range, while the influence of hand-arm posture on the total absorbed power was observed to be important. The effect of variations in the hand forces on the absorbed power was relatively small for the bent elbow posture, while an increase in either the grip or the push force coupled with the extended arm posture resulted in considerably higher energy absorption. The results suggested that the handle size, hand-arm posture and hand forces, produce coupled effect on the biodynamic response of the hand-arm system.
authors.affiliation: CONCAVE Research Center, Concordia University 1455 de Maisonneuve West, Montreal, QC, 1M8 H3G Canada.
authors.forename: Yasser
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aldien
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Marcotte
authors.forename: Subhash
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rakheja
authors.forename: Paul-Emile
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Boileau
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006225:Hand; D018737:Hand Strength; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D011792:Quebec; D014732:Vibration / Q000009:adverse effects*