title: Upper airway occlusion by soil--an unusual cause of death in vehicle accidents.
abstract: Upper airway obstruction by soil is a rare cause of death in motor vehicle accidents. Four cases were found in a search of the records of the Forensic Science Centre in Adelaide, South Australia over a twenty-year period from January 1982 to December 2001. Case 1: A 68-year-old male driver died from sand inhalation after he was trapped in his vehicle following an accident. His mouth and upper airway were packed with sand. Case 2: A 33-year-old male pedestrian died from smothering after he had been knocked over and had his head pressed face down into sandy soil by a vehicle wheel. Case 3: A 12-year-old male passenger died from soil inhalation after the vehicle in which he was travelling rolled over and filled with soil. His mouth and upper airway were packed with soil. In these cases the victims had been trapped with the face covered in fine, or loose, soil or sand. In Case 4 a 41-year-old male passenger was ejected from a vehicle. He died from blunt chest trauma exacerbated by occlusion of the mouth and nose by soil. Careful scene descriptions are required in the assessment of such cases, in addition to evaluation of the relative contribution of injuries and asphyxia to the fatal episode.
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Byard