Perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport: some considerations when applying the expert performance approach.
The number of researchers studying perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport is increasing. The intention in this paper is to review the currently accepted framework for studying expert performance and to consider implications for undertaking research work in the area of perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport. The expert performance approach presents a descriptive and inductive approach for the systematic study of expert performance. The nature of expert performance is initially captured in the laboratory using representative tasks that identify reliably superior performance. Process-tracing measures are employed to determine the mechanisms that mediate expert performance on the task. Finally, the specific types of activities that lead to the acquisition and development of these mediating mechanisms are identified. General principles and mechanisms may be discovered and then validated by more traditional experimental designs. The relevance of this approach to the study of perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport is discussed and suggestions for future work highlighted.
Williams
A Mark
AM
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 2ET, UK. m.williams@livjm.ac.uk
Ericsson
K Anders
KA
D001288:Attention; D003071:Cognition; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D011361:Professional Competence; D013177:Sports