title: Acute myeloid leukaemia induced by mitoxantrone: case report.
abstract: Mitoxantrone (MX) is an immunosupressant drug used in secondarily progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) and in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). It has a leukemogenesis potential induced by cytogenetic abnormalities, though with a low incidence. Promyelocitic leukaemia (type M3) and other forms of acute myeloblastic leukaemias (M4 and M5) have been described in a few MS patients who received MX during their treatment. We describe a white female patient, 47 year-old, with SPMS (EDSS = 4) with 14 years of disease. She received MX during her disease and developed acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3), with severe thrombocytopenia 30 months later. She ultimately died due to intracerebral hemorrhage. Other cases of treatment related to AML are reviewed and discussed.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba, Curitiba PR, Brasil. arruda@inc-neuro.com.br
authors.forename: Walter Oleschko
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Arruda
authors.forename: María Belén
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Montú
authors.forename: Marcelo de Souza R
authors.initials: Mde S
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ramina
mesh_terms: D017809:Fatal Outcome; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015473:Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008875:Middle Aged; D008942:Mitoxantrone / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008942:Mitoxantrone