title: Anatomic analysis of the Genial Bone Advancement Trephine System's effectiveness at capturing the genial tubercle and its muscular attachments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Genial Bone Advancement Trephine (GBAT) System (Stryker Leibinger Inc, Kalamazoo, MI) is a 1-step system that advances the genial tubercle for treatment of retrolingual obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea. The purpose of this project was to anatomically analyze the effectiveness of the GBAT System to capture the genial tubercle and its muscular attachments in the circular trephine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight cadaveric heads (ages 54-89 years; 3 female and 5 male) were examined, and Panorex radiographs (Stryker Leibinger Inc, Kalamazoo, MI) were obtained. Seven specimens were selected on the basis of mandibular height and dentition to undergo the procedure. The procedure was performed using the GBAT system with the 14-mm trephine according to the stepwise instructions. The mandibles were dissected, and analysis of the location of the osteotomy with respect to the genial tubercle, genioglossus muscles, geniohyoid muscles, and mandibular dentition was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All 7 of the specimens had complete capture of the genial tubercle. The mean percentage of the genioglossus muscle captured in the circular trephine was 85% (50%-100%). All specimens had preservation of the posterior muscle fibers. The mean percentage of the geniohyoid muscle captured was 78% (15%-100%). No tooth roots were transected or contained in the bone plug.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GBAT System is an effective 1-step system for capturing and advancing the genial tubercle and its muscular attachments in the treatment of OSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hennessee
authors.forename: Frank R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D019186:Mandibular Advancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery*; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D014059:Tongue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000601:surgery