title: Progressive symptomatic carotid dissection treated with multiple stents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection remains a major cause of stroke in the young. Although systemic anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy allow healing of the dissection in most patients, medical treatment can fail or be contraindicated. In selected cases of carotid dissections, the use of endovascular stent-assisted angioplasty has been reported to permit reconstruction of the extracranial ICA.
  
  
  METHODS
  We report a case of symptomatic spontaneous carotid dissection which progressively extended from the cervical to the supraclinoid segments of the ICA in a 48-year-old patient under anticoagulant therapy. Because of failed medical therapy and further transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), the patient was treated by 5 tandem stents deployed in an overlapping fashion from the terminal ICA to the cervical segment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postprocedure angiography demonstrated reconstitution of the luminal diameter of the ICA. The patient progressively improved and no further TIAs were observed. At 8-month follow-up, the vessel remained patent with a slight intra-extracranial reduction in size suggesting myointimal hyperplasia. Neurological exam was normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The successful angiographic and clinical results observed in our case of intra-extracranial stenting of a long dissection contributes to the literature of carotid dissection treated with multiple stents. The excellent mid-term follow-up in our patient confirms the efficacy of this treatment and good tolerance to multiple stents. To our knowledge this is the first case of spontaneous dissection treated with stenting including the distal supraclinoid segment, through an extensive proximally dissected artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biondi
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Janardhan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vallabh
authors.forename: Alan Z
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: Y Pierre
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Gobin
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D017130:Angioplasty / Q000379:methods; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001241:Aspirin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D020215:Carotid Artery, Internal, Dissection / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015607:Stents; D020521:Stroke / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D013988:Ticlopidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; D000077144:Clopidogrel; D013988:Ticlopidine; D001241:Aspirin