title: Pesticide exposures in professional turf applicators, job titles, and tasks performed: implications of exposure measurement error for epidemiologic study design and interpretation of results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little information on the validity of job title and task classifications, for the prediction of pesticide use or exposure, is available.
  
  
  METHODS
  Job titles and task classifications were evaluated in relation to the absorbed dose of herbicides in 98 professional turf applicators. Self-reported use over a 1-week period and other proxies of pesticide use were compared with employer records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Job titles and tasks performed explained (R(2)) 11% and 16% of the variation in dose, respectively. Individuals who sprayed pesticides only, had the highest average doses in the study followed by those spraying and mixing, and those mixing only. The use of 2,4-D products by individual workers over a work season was not related to standardized measures of the amount purchased or used at the company.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that job titles and tasks performed are poor proxies of pesticide use and exposures in professional turf applicators.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Community Health and Center for Environmental Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA. saharris@vcu.edu
authors.forename: Shelley A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sass-Kortsak
authors.forename: Paul N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Corey
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Purdham
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D006540:Herbicides; D006801:Humans; D007587:Job Description; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides