title: Multivariate analysis of clinical parameters of synchronous primary superficial bladder cancer and upper urinary tract tumor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined the incidence and characteristic of synchronous upper urinary tract tumors (UUTTs) in patients with primary superficial bladder carcinoma and evaluated the characteristics of bladder tumors related to UUTTs.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective study of 1,529 patients with primary superficial bladder carcinoma who underwent initial examination of the upper urinary tract with excretory urography. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Variables evaluated and related to the incidence of UUTT were multiplicity, carcinoma in situ, bladder tumor size, localization of tumor in the bladder, and tumor grade and stage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 28 patients (1.8%) had simultaneous bladder tumor and UUTT. UUTTs showed no preferred location and 17.9% were multiple. Of UUTTs 46% were invasive and almost 87% were grade 2 or 3. The only significant variable related to UUTT was bladder tumor in the trigone (RR 5.8, 95% IC 2.18 to 15.9, p <0.0005). Of 147 tumors located in the trigone 11 (7.5%) were associated with UUTT, corresponding to 41% of the UUTTs first diagnosed. If multiplicity and tumors in the trigone (551 cases) had been considered, 66.7% of tumors would have been diagnosed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Synchronous UUTT and superficial bladder tumor are uncommon but 46% are invasive. Considering the possible examination of the upper urinary tract only in patients with tumor in the trigone or with multiple bladder tumors 41.4% or 69% of UUTTs, respectively, would have been diagnosed. Patients with tumor in the trigone are at almost 6-fold higher risk for a synchronous tumor in the upper urinary tract.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona and Hospital Universitario Puerto Real (FR-R), Cádiz, Spain. jpalou@fundacio-puigvert.es
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Palou
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Rubio
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huguet
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Segarra
authors.forename: María José
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ribal
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alcaraz
authors.forename: Humberto
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Villavicencio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002278:Carcinoma in Situ / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011336:Probability; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012306:Risk; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery