title: Mutagenic effects of ribavirin and response to interferon/ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate whether ribavirin acts as a mutagen in the clinical setting and to clarify the relationship between ribavirin-induced mutations and virological response to combined therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b received ribavirin monotherapy for 4 weeks, followed by a 24-week course of IFN/ribavirin therapy. HCV mutations during a non-treatment observation period and during subsequent ribavirin monotherapy were determined, and the relationship between mutations and response to subsequent IFN/ribavirin therapy was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum HCV significantly decreased from 6.90 to 6.56 log10copy/ml in response to ribavirin monotherapy (P < 0.0001). Nucleotide mutations in the NS5A and NS5B regions occurred during ribavirin monotherapy at a rate of 2.9 x 10(-2)/site/year and 1.3 x 10(-2)/site/year, respectively, a significantly higher rate than the mutation rates during the prior non-treatment observation period (0.60 x 10(-2)/site/year and 0.24 x 10(-2)/site/year, P = 0.02, respectively). Mutation rates in the NS5A region were significantly higher in sustained viral responders (SVRs, n = 10) than in non-responders (8.8 x 10(-2)/site/year vs. 0.38 x 10(-2)/site/year, P = 0.0005, respectively). In the NS5A region, non-synonymous mutations only occurred in SVRs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ribavirin may act as a mutagen, and mutations occurring during ribavirin therapy correlate with the virological response to subsequent IFN/ribavirin combination therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, 1-26-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8610, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Asahina
authors.forename: Namiki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Masakatsu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uchihara
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurosaki
authors.forename: Yuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Onuki
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Takatoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Shozo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyake
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D009153:Mutagens; D012254:Ribavirin; D017361:Viral Nonstructural Proteins; C087036:NS-5 protein, hepatitis C virus; D012324:RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase