title: Depression in chronic migraine: severity and clinical features.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic migraine (CM) is a common medical condition affecting 2.4% of the general population. Depression is one of the most frequent comorbid disorders in CM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy patients diagnosed with chronic migraine were studied. All patients evaluated filled out the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Depression severity was divided into none or minimal depression, mild, moderate, and severe.
  
  
  RESULTS
  BDI ranged from 4 to 55, mean 21 +/- 10.7. Moderate or severe depression, were present in 58.7% of the patients. Some degree of depression appeared in 85.8% of patients. The BDI scores correlated with pain intensity (p = 0.02). Severe depression was more frequent in patients with comorbid fibromyalgia and in patients reporting fatigue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The BDI is an easy tool to access depression in CM patients. Suicide risk assessment is needed in CM patients. Patients with fibromyalgia and fatigue are at even higher risk for severe depression.
authors.affiliation: Psicóloga, pesquisadora do Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo SP, Brasil. julianeperes@terra.com.br
authors.forename: Juliane Prieto Peres
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mercante
authors.forename: Mario Fernando Prieto
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Peres
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Guendler
authors.forename: Eliova
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zukerman
authors.forename: Marcio Antonini
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bernik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015897:Comorbidity; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index