title: Endothermic freezing on heating and exothermic melting on cooling.
abstract: Generally, a liquid freezes exothermally on cooling and a crystal melts endothermally on heating. Here we report an opposite occurrence--a liquid's endothermic freezing on heating and the resulting crystal's exothermic melting on cooling at ambient pressures. C(p) decreases on freezing and increases on melting, and the equilibrium temperature meets the thermodynamic requirement. Melting on cooling takes longer than freezing on heating. A rapidly cooled crystal state becomes kinetically frozen, evocative of a nonergodic state. Both C(p) and enthalpy relax like those of glasses, though the viscosity is only a few centipoise. The crystal state belongs to energy minima higher than those of the melt, which has consequences for the use of potential-energy landscape, or inherent structures, for a thermodynamic description of a material.
authors.affiliation: Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tombari
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Salvetti
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Johari