title: 14-3-3 proteins: a number of functions for a numbered protein.
abstract: Many signal transduction events are orchestrated by specific interactions of proteins mediated through discrete phosphopeptide-binding motifs. Although several phosphospecific-binding domains are now known, 14-3-3s were the first proteins recognized to specifically bind a discrete phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of ubiquitously expressed, exclusively eukaryotic proteins with an astonishingly large number of binding partners. Consequently, 14-3-3s modulate an enormous and diverse group of cellular processes. The effects of 14-3-3 proteins on their targets can be broadly defined using three categories: (i) conformational change; (ii) physical occlusion of sequence-specific or structural protein features; and (iii) scaffolding. This review will describe the current state of knowledge on 14-3-3 proteins, highlighting several important advances, and will attempt to provide a framework by which 14-3-3 functions can be understood.
authors.affiliation: Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bridges
authors.forename: Greg B G
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Moorhead
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010768:Phosphoserine / Q000378:metabolism; D010769:Phosphothreonine / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D010769:Phosphothreonine; D010768:Phosphoserine