title: Expression of transforming growth factor-beta-1 and p27Kip1 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas: relation with cell-cycle-associated proteins and clinicopathologic characteristics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of TGF-beta1 and p27 in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and to compare the findings with the clinicopathological features and survival. We also aimed to evaluate the expression of TGF-beta1 and p27 in the context of other cell cycle and proliferation markers such as cyclin D1 and Ki-67.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined TGF-beta1 and p27 expression immunohistochemically in 63 cases of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Standard streptavidin-biotin immunperoxidase method was used for immunostaining and the stained slides were examined microscopically using semiquantitative criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TGF-beta1 stained the cytoplasms of the tumor cells in 43 cases [68.3%]. There was a statistically significant difference among TGF-beta1 staining scores in terms of clinicopathologic factors such as blood vessel invasion, stage and distant metastasis [p < 0.05]. Of the 63 tumors evaluated 23 [36.5%] were positive for p27 within the nucleus. An inverse correlation was found between p27 immunoreactivity and grade [p < 0.05]. But no significant correlation was found between p27 and other parameters. Among the patients with survival data 27 patients had RO resections and these cases were considered in survival analysis. In the univariate analysis, neither TGF-beta1 nor p27 expression was related with patient survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that in pancreatic carcinoma, TGF-beta1 expression is related to tumor growth and metastasis. But it is not associated with cell cycle proteins. p27 expression is reduced in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and decreased protein levels of p27 may play a role in the differentiation of pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey. nculhaci@adu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Nil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Culhaci
authors.forename: Ozgul
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sagol
authors.forename: Sedat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Karademir
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Astarcioglu
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Astarcioglu
authors.forename: Mujde
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Soyturk
authors.forename: Ilhan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oztop
authors.forename: Funda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Obuz
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001710:Biotin / Q000737:chemistry; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality; D019809:Streptavidin / Q000737:chemistry; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D050760:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27; D001710:Biotin; D019809:Streptavidin