Social-ecological resilience to coastal disasters.
Social and ecological vulnerability to disasters and outcomes of any particular extreme event are influenced by buildup or erosion of resilience both before and after disasters occur. Resilient social-ecological systems incorporate diverse mechanisms for living with, and learning from, change and unexpected shocks. Disaster management requires multilevel governance systems that can enhance the capacity to cope with uncertainty and surprise by mobilizing diverse sources of resilience.
Adger
W Neil
WN
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK. n.adger@uea.ac.uk
Hughes
Terry P
TP
Folke
Carl
C
Carpenter
Stephen R
SR
Rockström
Johan
J
D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000818:Animals; D001208:Asia; D044822:Biodiversity; D003141:Communicable Diseases; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004189:Disaster Planning; D004190:Disasters; D017753:Ecosystem; D004777:Environment; D005843:Geography; D006076:Government; D006801:Humans; D012931:Social Environment