Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant glucagon-like peptide 2 analogue, improves intestinal function in short bowel syndrome patients.
OBJECTIVE
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) may improve intestinal absorption in short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients with an end jejunostomy. Teduglutide (ALX-0600), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV resistant GLP-2 analogue, prolongs the intestinotrophic properties of GLP-2 in animal models. The safety and effect of teduglutide were investigated in SBS patients with and without a colon in continuity.


METHODS
Teduglutide was given subcutaneously for 21 days once or twice daily to 16 SBS patients in the per protocol investigational group, 10 with end jejunostomy (doses of 0.03 (n = 2), 0.10 (n = 5), or 0.15 (n = 3) mg/kg/day), one with <50% colon in continuity (dose 0.03 mg/kg/day), and five with > or = 50% colon in continuity (dose 0.10 mg/kg/day). Nutrient balance studies, D-xylose tests, and intestinal mucosa biopsies were performed at baseline, on the last three days of treatment, and after three weeks of follow up. Pre-study fasting native GLP-2 levels were determined for the five patients with > or = 50% colon in continuity.


RESULTS
Pooled across groups and compared with baseline, teduglutide increased absolute (+743 (477) g/day; p<0.001) and relative (+22 (16)%; p<0.001) wet weight absorption, urine weight (+555 (485) g/day; p<0.001), and urine sodium excretion (+53 (40) mmol/day; p<0.001). Teduglutide decreased faecal wet weight (-711 (734) g/day; p = 0.001) and faecal energy excretion (-808 (1453) kJ/day (-193 (347) kcal/day); p = 0.040). In SBS patients with end jejunostomy, teduglutide significantly increased villus height (+38 (45)%; p = 0.030), crypt depth (+22 (18)%; p = 0.010), and mitotic index (+115 (108)%; p = 0.010). Crypt depth and mitotic index did not change in colonic biopsies from SBS patients with colon in continuity. The most common side effects were enlargement of the stoma nipple and mild lower leg oedema. The improvements in intestinal absorption and decreases in faecal excretion noted after treatment had reversed after the drug free follow up period. A controlled study with a more robust design is ongoing in order to determine the optimal dosage of teduglutide for SBS patients to achieve the maximal effect and utility of this drug in clinical practice.


CONCLUSIONS
Teduglutide, at three dose levels for 21 days, was safe and well tolerated, intestinotrophic, and significantly increased intestinal wet weight absorption in SBS patients with an end jejunostomy or a colon in continuity.
Jeppesen
P B
PB
Department of Medicine CA-2121, Section of Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Bekker@dadlnet.dk
Sanguinetti
E L
EL
Buchman
A
A
Howard
L
L
Scolapio
J S
JS
Ziegler
T R
TR
Gregory
J
J
Tappenden
K A
KA
Holst
J
J
Mortensen
P B
PB
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003106:Colon / Q000473:pathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D007582:Jejunostomy; D007583:Jejunum / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008940:Mitotic Index; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
C438272:ALX-0600; D005765:Gastrointestinal Agents; D053767:Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; D004763:Glucagon-Like Peptides