title: Enhanced oxygen releasing capacity and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus and diabetes mellitus-associated cardiovascular disease: a comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Macrovascular disease, especially cardiovascular accounts for most of the mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We compared oxidative stress, thermal stability and oxygen releasing capacity of hemoglobin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed on 38 control subjects, 31 diabetics, 36 diabetics with cardiovascular complications, and 33 non-diabetic cardiovascular subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Enhanced oxidative stress was shown by an increased protein carbonyl content observed both in plasma and in hemolysate of the diseased samples in type 2 diabetes and diabetes-associated cardiovascular diseased patients. Altered levels of cytoprotective enzymes were shown by decreased catalase activity, increased glutathione reductase activity and unaltered superoxide dismutase activity. Peroxidative activity of diseased hemoglobin was much higher compared to healthy controls indicating possible structural changes in pathologic hemoglobin molecule as a result of disease induced oxidative stress. This result is in good agreement with the observation that thermal stability of pathologic hemoglobin was also found to be less compared to control subjects. Enhanced oxygen releasing capacity of tetrameric oxyhemoglobin was monitored in presence of the drug Trifluoperazine in pathologic red blood cells, maximum increment being noticed in diabetic cardiovascular diseased subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress was responsible to affect the thermal stability and oxygen releasing capacity of hemoglobin and the effect is more pronounced in diabetes-associated cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunj Circular Road, Kolkata-700019, India.
authors.forename: Arindam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saha
authors.forename: Sangeeta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: Subhankar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: Maitree
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bhattacharyya
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism*; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins; D010100:Oxygen