title: HEGPOL: randomized, placebo controlled, multicenter, double-blind clinical trial to investigate hepatoprotective effects of glycine in the postoperative phase of liver transplantation [ISRCTN69350312].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Kupffer cell-dependent ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after liver transplantation is still of high clinical relevance, as it is strongly associated with primary dysfunction and primary nonfunction of the graft. Glycine, a non-toxic, non-essential amino acid has been conclusively shown in various experiments to prevent both activation of Kupffer cells and reperfusion injury. Based on both experimental and preliminary clinical data this study protocol was designed to further evaluate the early effect of glycine after liver transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study with two parallel groups in a total of 130 liver transplant recipients was designed to assess the effect of multiple intravenous doses of glycine after transplantation. Primary endpoints in hierarchical order are: peak levels of both aspartat-amino-transaminase (AST) and alanine-amino-transaminase (ALT) as surrogates for the progression of liver related injury, as well as both graft and patient survival up to 2 years after transplantation. Furthermore, the effect of glycine on cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity is evaluated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ongoing clinical trial represents an advanced element of the research chain, along which a scientific hypothesis has to go by, in order to reach the highest level of evidence; a randomized, prospective, controlled double-blinded clinical trial. If the data of this ongoing research project confirm prior findings, glycine would improve the general outcome after liver transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Coordination Centre for Clinical Trials (KKS), University of Heidelberg, Germany. Steffen.Luntz@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Steffen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Luntz
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Unnebrink
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seibert-Grafe
authors.forename: Hartwig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bunzendahl
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Markus W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Büchler
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Klar
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schemmer
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000378:metabolism; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D019610:Cytoprotection / Q000187:drug effects*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005998:Glycine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018684:Glycine Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control; D007728:Kupffer Cells / Q000187:drug effects*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011182:Postoperative Care; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000175:diagnosis; D012107:Research Design; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D018684:Glycine Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D005998:Glycine