title: Extinction of the human leukocyte antigen homozygosity effect after two doses of the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.
abstract: We have reported associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) homozygosity and low measles antibody levels after one dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. Here, we examined associations between HLA homozygosity and immune responses to MMR after two doses of vaccine. We examined associations between HLA homozygosity and measles antibody levels in a group of 178 children (cohort 1) as well as associations between homozygosity and antibody levels and lymphoproliferative responses to MMR in 346 children (cohort 2). In cohort 1, HLA homozygotes and heterozygotes had similar increases in measles antibody levels after a second dose of measles vaccine. In cohort 2, HLA homozygosity was not associated with measles immune measures after two doses of vaccine. Homozygosity at the DPB locus was associated with increased rubella antibody levels, and homozygosity at the class IA alleles was associated with lower mumps lymphoproliferative response. Homozygosity at increasing numbers of loci was also associated with lower mumps antibody levels and lymphoproliferative response. Therefore, two doses of the MMR vaccine appear to induce sufficient antibody levels and lymphoproliferative responses against measles and rubella, regardless of HLA homozygosity status. However, children who are HLA homozygous may be less protected against mumps compared with children who are heterozygous.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Epidemiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Jennifer L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: St Sauver
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.forename: Inna G
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Ovsyannikova
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Vierkant
authors.forename: V Shane
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Pankratz
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Poland
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008457:Measles / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D009107:Mumps / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012409:Rubella / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D006680:HLA Antigens; D022542:Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; C040901:rubella antibodies