title: Diagnostic utility of peroral cholangioscopy for various bile-duct lesions.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the utility of peroral cholangioscopy (POCS) for distinguishing malignant from benign biliary disease to cover low sensitivity of tissue sampling.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 1992 to April 2004, all consecutive patients who underwent POCS to confirm the etiology of biliary disorders were included in this study. Brushing cytology or endobiliary forceps biopsy also was performed. We analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of tissue sampling with or without POCS diagnosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 97 patients (66 men, 31 women; mean age 64.2 years) were included. The final diagnosis was confirmed by surgical resection in 44, clinical follow-up in 52, and cytologic study of ascitic fluid in one. On the basis of ERCP findings, there were 76 strictures and 21 filling defects. Forceps biopsy was performed in 25 patients, and brush cytology was performed in 68 patients. In the remaining 4 patients (4 filling defects, which were identified as stones by POCS), tissue samplings were not carried out. ERCP/tissue sampling correctly identified 22 of 38 malignant strictures and all 35 benign lesions except in 3 patients with inadequate samples (accuracy, 78.0%; sensitivity, 57.9%; specificity, 100%). The addition of POCS correctly identified all 38 malignant strictures and 33 of 38 benign lesions (accuracy, 93.4%; sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 86.8%). For the 21 filling defects observed by ERCP, POCS correctly diagnosed all 8 malignant diseases and 13 benign lesions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The addition of POCS to tissue sampling improves the diagnostic ability and covers for insufficient sensitivity. POCS is especially useful for diagnosing a filling defect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuyuguchi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisyo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000473:pathology*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016896:Treatment Outcome