title: The cellular mechanism of Aire control of T cell tolerance.
abstract: Aire promotes the tolerization of thymocytes by inducing the expression of a battery of peripheral-tissue antigens in thymic medullary epithelial cells. We demonstrate that the cellular mechanism by which Aire exerts its tolerance-promoting function is not primarily positive selection of regulatory T cells, but rather negative selection of T effector cells. Surprisingly, supplementing its influence on the transcription of genes encoding peripheral-tissue antigens, Aire somehow enhances the antigen-presentation capability of medullary epithelial cells. Thus, this transcriptional control element promotes central tolerance both by furnishing a specific thymic stromal cell type with a repertoire of self antigens and by better arming such cells to present these antigens to differentiating thymocytes. In Aire's absence, autoimmunity and ultimately overt autoimmune disease develops.
authors.affiliation: Section on Immunology and Immunogenetics, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Venanzi
authors.forename: Zhibin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Stuart P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Berzins
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benoist
authors.forename: Diane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mathis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D017637:Clonal Deletion / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008819:Mice, Nude; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000276:immunology; D013154:Spleen / Q000276:immunology; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000276:immunology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000096927:AIRE Protein
chemical_list: D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000096927:AIRE Protein