title: What happens to the rectus abdominus fascia after laparoscopic ventral hernia repair?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One criticism of laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (LVH) is that the rectus muscles are not re-approximated to the midline, and the effect of LVH repair on the fascial edges is unclear. Progressive migration of the fascial edges toward the midline has been observed anecdotally, but objective evidence remains limited. The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of LVH repair on the rectus abdominus fascia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing LVH repair with defects > 10 cm in horizontal diameter were identified prospectively and enrolled. All were repaired laparoscopically with intraperitoneal placement of mesh (DualMesh, W.L. Gore and Associates) using a standard approach. Radio-opaque clips were placed at the fascial edges intraoperatively to mark the defect, and plain abdominal films were taken postoperatively (Time 1) to establish the initial distance between clips (measured in cm). A subsequent follow-up film was taken (Time 2), and the difference in clip distance per patient was recorded. Results were analyzed using a chi-squared test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve patients qualified for analysis and their results were compared. Mean fascial defect size was 15.1 cm (range 8.3-22.0). With respect to change in clip distance from Times 1 to 2, three events were observed: (1) Diminished (i.e. medialized), (2) Enlarged, or (3) No Change. Ten patients (83%) medialized, one patient enlarged, and one patient showed no change (chi2 (d.f. = 2) 9.17, p < 0.0023).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medialization of the rectus abdominus fascia occurs in the majority of patients undergoing LVH repair. Causes for this phenomenon are unclear: however eliminating intrabdominal pressure with intraperitoneal mesh placement likely plays a role.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Surgery, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: K R Van
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Sickle
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baghai
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Mattar
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Bowers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramaswamy
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Swafford
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005205:Fascia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006555:Hernia, Ventral / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D017568:Rectus Abdominis; D013526:Surgical Mesh; D016896:Treatment Outcome