title: Simple method for quantifying microbiologically assisted chloramine decay in drinking water.
abstract: In a chloraminated drinking water distribution system, monochloramine decays due to chemical and microbiological reactions. For modeling and operational control purposes, it is necessary to know the relative contribution of each type of reaction, but there was no method to quantify these contributions separately. A simple method was developed to do so. It compares monochloramine decay rates of processed (0.2 microm filtered or microbiologically inhibited by adding 100 microg of silver/L as silver nitrate) and unprocessed samples under controlled temperature conditions. The term microbial decay factor (Fm) was defined and derived from this method, to characterize the relative contribution of microbiologically assisted monochloramine decay to the total monochloramine decay observed in bulk water. Fm is the ratio between microbiologically assisted monochloramine decay and chemical decay of a given water sample measured at 20 degrees C. One possible use of the method is illustrated, where a service reservoir's bulk and inlet waters were sampled twice and analyzed for both the traditional indicators and the microbial decay factor. The microbial decay factor values alone indicated that more microbiologically assisted monochloramine decay was occurring in one bulk water than the other. In contrast, traditional nitrification indicators failed to show any difference. Further analysis showed that the microbial decay factor is more sensitive and that it alone can provide an early warning.
authors.affiliation: Asset Management and Sustainability Divisions, Sydney Water Corporation, 115-123 Bathurst Street, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia. Arumugam.Sathasivan@sydneywater.com.au
authors.forename: Arumugam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sathasivan
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kastl
mesh_terms: D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002700:Chloramines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D002700:Chloramines; C030816:chloramine