title: Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels facilitate transmitter release in salamander rod synapse.
abstract: Large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are colocalized with calcium channels at sites of exocytosis at the presynaptic terminals throughout the nervous system. It is expected that their activation would provide negative feedback to transmitter release, but the opposite is sometimes observed. Attempts to resolve this apparent paradox based on alterations in action potential waveform have been ambiguous. In an alternative approach, we investigated the influence of this channel on neurotransmitter release in a nonspiking neuron, the salamander rod photoreceptors. Surprisingly, the BK channel facilitates calcium-mediated transmitter release from rods. The two presynaptic channels form a positive coupled loop. Calcium influx activates the BK channel current, leading to potassium efflux that increases the calcium current. The normal physiological voltage range of the rod is well matched to the dynamics of this positive loop. When the rod is further depolarized, then the hyperpolarizing BK channel current exceeds its facilitatory effect, causing truncation of transmitter release. Thus, the calcium channel-BK channel linkage performs two functions at the synapse: nonlinear potentiator and safety brake.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, USA. jxu@acsu.buffalo.edu
authors.forename: Jian Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Malcolm M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Slaughter
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014562:Caudata
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D026902:Potassium Channel Blockers