title: Claudin-3 and claudin-4 expression in ovarian epithelial cells enhances invasion and is associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity.
abstract: Claudin proteins form a large family of integral membrane proteins crucial for tight junction formation and function. Our previous studies have revealed that claudin-3 and claudin-4 proteins are highly overexpressed in ovarian cancer. To clarify the roles of claudins in ovarian tumorigenesis, we have generated human ovarian surface epithelial (HOSE) cells constitutively expressing wild-type claudin-3 and claudin-4. Expression of these claudins in HOSE cells increased cell invasion and motility as measured by Boyden chamber assays and wound-healing experiments. Conversely, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of claudin-3 and claudin-4 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines reduced invasion. Claudin expression also increased cell survival in HOSE cells but did not significantly affect cell proliferation. Moreover, the claudin-expressing ovarian epithelial cells were found to have increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity indicating that claudin-mediated increased invasion might be mediated through the activation of MMP proteins. However, siRNA inactivation of claudins in ovarian cancer cell lines did not have a significant effect on the high endogenous MMP-2 activity present in these cells, showing that malignant cells have alternative or additional pathways to fully activate MMP-2. Taken together, our results suggest that claudin overexpression may promote ovarian tumorigenesis and metastasis through increased invasion and survival of tumor cells.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland 22124, USA.
authors.forename: Rachana
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Theresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: D'Souza
authors.forename: Patrice J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Morin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000502:physiology; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D062465:Claudin-3; D062506:Claudin-4; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: C568122:CLDN3 protein, human; C568157:CLDN4 protein, human; D062465:Claudin-3; D062506:Claudin-4; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2