title: Mastocytosis and adverse reactions to biogenic amines and histamine-releasing foods: what is the evidence?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It has been suggested that normal concentrations of biogenic amines and 'histamine-releasing foods' may exacerbate symptoms in mastocytosis. The purpose of this study was to look for scientific evidence in the literature on diets restricted in biogenic amines and histamine-releasing foods in the treatment of mastocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline (1966 to 2004), Cinahl (1982 to 2004) and the Cochraine Library were searched for double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) studies with biogenic amines and/or histamine-releasing foods in mastocytosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No studies employing DBPCFC with dietary biogenic amines or histamine-releasing foods in mastocytosis were found. Only a few in vitro studies in other diseases, animal studies and studies in humans in which histamine-releasing agents were incubated directly with duodenal tissues were found. One case was reported of severe adverse reactions to alcohol in mastocytosis, objectified by an open challenge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the widespread belief that biogenic amines and histamine-releasing foods may cause allergy-like, non-IgE-mediated symptoms in certain patients, the role of diets restricted in biogenic amines and histamine-releasing foods in the treatment of mastosytosis remains hypothetical but worthy of further investigation. There is some evidence for adverse reactions to alcohol in mastocytosis.
authors.affiliation: Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, Netherlands.
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Vlieg-Boerstra
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: van der Heide
authors.forename: J N G
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Oude Elberink
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kluin-Nelemans
authors.forename: A E J
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Dubois
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001679:Biogenic Amines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D006632:Histamine / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008415:Mastocytosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008761:Methylhistamines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001679:Biogenic Amines; D008761:Methylhistamines; D006632:Histamine