title: Hypertension and health-related quality of life: an epidemiological study in patients attending hospital clinics in China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between hypertension and health-related quality of life in patients attending hospital clinics in China.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey. Patients over the age of 35 years attending outpatient clinics in 18 hospitals of eight major cities of northern and southern China were interviewed between June and July, 1999. Trained fieldworkers completed questionnaires regarding demographics, hypertension knowledge and awareness, treatment history and quality of life issues. Qualified physicians performed blood pressure assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 9703 volunteers were enrolled; 4510 (46.5%) had hypertension. The results showed that hypertensive subjects scored lower in the multiple linear regression analyses in most questions on the quality of life questionnaire than those without hypertension after controlling for age, sex, sociodemographic factors, and co-morbidity. There was a strikingly high prevalence of physical complaints or symptoms. Among the variables considered, age, sex, hypertension, body mass index, educational level, smoking, history of cholesterol, family history of cardiovascular diseases and history of diabetes were statistically significantly correlated with health-related quality of life. Subjects aware of having high blood pressure had a lower health-related quality of life score than subjects with high blood pressure but unaware of the diagnosis. Among treated subjects, those with controlled hypertension had higher health-related quality of life scores than those with poorly controlled hypertension.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypertensive individuals represent a vulnerable population that merits special attention from healthcare providers and systems. This is especially important given that low health-related quality of life can be a risk factor for subsequent cardiovascular events or complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hypertension, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China. liwei@0325@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lisheng
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jorge G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Puente
authors.forename: Yishi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiongjing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shuigao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lingzhi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kong
authors.forename: Linmao
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xinye
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Suxiang
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010045:Outpatients / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population