title: Evaluation of genotoxicity of combined soil pollution by cadmium and imidacloprid.
abstract: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the important pollutants of soil and the genotoxicity of Cd-contaminated soil was studied in combination with imidacloprid. The single cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay was used to quantify DNA strand breaks as a measure of DNA damage induced by Cd and imidacloprid contamination in soil. The soil was artificially contaminated by Cd (0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg x kg(-1) dry soil) or Cd (0.0, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg x kg(-1) dry soil) and imidacloprid (0.5 mg x kg(-1) dry soil). Roots of Vicia faba were exposed to the contaminated soil for 2 h at 25 degrees C and were used in the comet assay. DNA damage was measured as the values of percentage of nuclei with tails, tail length, tail DNA, tail moment (TM), and Olive tail moment (OTM). DNA damages of root tips of Vicia faba increased after Cd treatment and there were dose-related increases in DNA damage measured as these parameters. However, the addition of imidacloprid further increased the DNA damage. These data confirmed the genotoxic effect of Cd to plants, and that the combined pollution with imidacloprid can enhance the genotoxicity of Cd.
authors.affiliation: Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
authors.forename: Aijun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yongguan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yiping
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tong
mesh_terms: D002104:Cadmium / Q000633:toxicity*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000633:toxicity*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D031307:Vicia faba / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D018744:DNA, Plant; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium; C082359:imidacloprid