title: Low-dose oral microemulsion ciclosporin for severe, refractory ulcerative colitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The optimal modalities of treatment with oral microemulsion ciclosporin in patients with severe, steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis are uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the applicability, in terms of efficacy and tolerability, of a standard oral microemulsion ciclosporin treatment protocol targeting relatively low blood ciclosporin concentrations, in patients with severe, steroid-resistant ulcerative colitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a severe attack of ulcerative colitis and no satisfactory response to intravenous corticosteroids were started on oral microemulsion ciclosporin. Dosages were adapted according to a standard protocol, targeting a blood predose ciclosporin concentration (C0) of 100-200 ng/mL. Patients without a clinical response on day 8 were scheduled for colectomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients were enrolled. A clinical response was observed in 14/16 (88%). The mean clinical activity index scores and concentrations of C-reactive protein on days 0, 4 and 8 were 11.8, 6.7 and 4.1, and 50.3, 19.3 and 9.7 mg/L respectively. The mean C0 (days 0-8) was 149 pg/mL. The mean creatinine clearance rates on days 0 and 8 were 88 and 96 mL/min. One patient had an acute elevation of transaminases that resulted in discontinuing ciclosporin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even when dosed for a target C0 of 100-200 ng/mL, oral microemulsion ciclosporin for severe, steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis achieves an efficacy similar to that attained with higher, potentially more toxic levels. The oral route should replace intravenous treatment in this clinical setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland. philippe.desaussure@hcuge.ch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Saussure
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soravia
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hadengue
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D003093:Colitis, Ulcerative / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008832:Microchemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D004655:Emulsions; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D002097:C-Reactive Protein