title: Influence of different types of automated devices on the shaping ability of rotary nickel-titanium FlexMaster instruments.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the shaping ability of rotary FlexMaster nickel-titanium instruments in simulated curved canals and in curved canals of extracted teeth when set into permanent rotation with three different torque-limited automated devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  Root canal instrumentation was performed with three different torque-limited automated devices (ENDOadvance, SIRONiTi and Endo IT motor) by FlexMaster nickel-titanium instruments up to size 35. Simulated canals: 28 degree and 35 degree curved canals in resin blocks (n = 20 canals in each group) were prepared. Pre- and post-instrumentation images were recorded and assessment of canal shape was completed with a computer image analysis program. Extracted teeth: A total of 60 curved root canals were divided into three groups, which were balanced with respect to the angle and the radius of canal curvature. Straightening of the canal curvatures was determined with a computer image analysis program. Incidence of canal aberrations, preparation time, changes of working length and instrument failures were recorded both in simulated and real canals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In simulated and real canals, instrumentation with Endo IT was significantly faster than with SIRONiTi (P < 0.05). With respect to canal aberrations in simulated canals, there were no significant differences between the devices (P > 0.05), even though more aberrations were created with ENDOadvance and SIRONiTi. In real canals, the Endo IT motor resulted in significantly less straightening during instrumentation (P < 0.05) than SIRONiTi. A total of three instruments separated (one file in each group) during the enlargement of 35 degree curved simulated canals. All systems maintained working distance well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All systems respected original root canal curvature well and were safe, indicating that torque-limited rotation handpieces are suitable for preparing curved root canals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany. eschaef@uni-muenster.de
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Erler
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dammaschke
mesh_terms: D003722:Dental Alloys; D003754:Dental High-Speed Equipment; D003762:Dental Instruments; D003786:Dental Pulp Cavity / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D004867:Equipment Design; D004868:Equipment Failure; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D003765:Models, Dental; D009532:Nickel; D018915:Root Canal Preparation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014025:Titanium; D019415:Torque
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium