title: Chemokine and chemokine receptor expression in paired peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and reactive arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chemokine receptors and chemokines have a crucial role in leucocyte recruitment into inflamed tissue.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the expression of an extensive number of chemokines and receptors in a unique bank of paired samples of synovial tissue (ST) and peripheral blood (PB) from patients with different forms of arthritis to assist in identifying suitable targets for therapeutic intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained from 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16 with osteoarthritis, and 8 with reactive arthritis. ST chemokine (CCL2/MCP-1, CCL5/RANTES, CCL7/MCP-3, CCL8/MCP-2, CCL14/HCC-1, CCL15/HCC-2, CCL16/HCC-4), chemokine receptor (CCR1, CCR2b, CCR5, CXCR4), and CD13 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and two colour immunofluorescence. Chemokine receptor expression (CCR1, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7) on PB cells was studied by flow cytometry. Non-parametric tests were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abundant expression of CCR1, CXCR4, and CCR5 was found in all forms of arthritis, with a specific increase of CCL5 and CCL15 in RA. CCL7, CCL8, CCL14, CCL15, and CCL16 were detected for the first time in ST. The results for PB analysis were comparable among different arthritides. Interestingly, compared with healthy controls, significantly lower expression of CCR1 (p<0.005) and CCR5 (p<0.05) by PB monocytes in the patient groups was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A variety of chemokines and receptors might have an important role in several inflammatory joint disorders. Although other receptors are involved as well, migration of CCR1(+) and CCR5(+) cells towards the synovial compartment may play a part in the effector phase of various forms of arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology F4-218, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Haringman
authors.forename: T J M
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Smeets
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Reinders-Blankert
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tak
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001168:Arthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D016918:Arthritis, Reactive / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D018925:Chemokines / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C515300:CCR1 protein, human; D018925:Chemokines; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine