title: Inhibition of acid-induced lung injury by hyperosmolar sucrose in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acid aspiration causes acute lung injury (ALI). Recently, we showed that a brief intravascular infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose, given concurrently with airway acid instillation, effectively blocks the ensuing ALI.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the present study was to determine the extent to which intravascular infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose might protect against acid-induced ALI when given either before or after acid instillation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our studies were conducted in anesthetized rats and in isolated, blood-perfused rat lungs. We instilled HCl through the airway, and we quantified lung injury in terms of the extravascular lung water (EVLW) content, filtration coefficient (Kfc), and cell counts and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage. We infused hyperosmolar sucrose via the femoral vein.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In anesthetized rats, airway HCl instillation induced ALI as indicated by a 52% increase of EVLW and a threefold increase in Kfc. However, a 15-min intravenous infusion of hyperosmolar sucrose given up to 1 h before or 30 min after acid instillation markedly blunted the increases in EVLW, as well as the increases in cell count, and in protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage. Hyperosmolar pretreatment also blocked the acid-induced increase of Kfc. Studies in isolated perfused lungs indicated that the protective effect of hyperosmolar sucrose was leukocyte independent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a brief period of vascular hyperosmolarity protects against acid-induced ALI when the infusion is administered shortly before, or shortly after, acid instillation in the airway. The potential applicability of hyperosmolar sucrose in therapy for ALI requires consideration.
authors.affiliation: Lung Biology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary-Critical Care Medicine, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Zeenat
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Safdar
authors.forename: Maimiti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yiming
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grunig
authors.forename: Jahar
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D002452:Cell Count; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D015633:Extravascular Lung Water / Q000187:drug effects; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid / Q000009:adverse effects; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D007552:Isotonic Solutions / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010949:Plasma / Q000187:drug effects; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications*; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D011506:Proteins; D013395:Sucrose; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D006851:Hydrochloric Acid