title: HB-EGF enhances restitution after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion via PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK1/2 activation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Early recovery of intestinal function after injury occurs by restitution, a complex process with a poorly understood molecular basis. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a potent chemotactic factor that is induced during ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and intestinal wounding in vitro. The role of HB-EGF in intestinal restitution and the underlying intracellular signaling pathways involved were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult rats were subjected to intestinal ischemia, with histologic and biochemical damage assessed during the first 3 hours of reperfusion. The effect of recombinant HB-EGF (rHB-EGF) on structural and functional recovery of the intestine by restitution was evaluated in vivo. Scrape wounding of intestinal epithelial cell monolayers was used to elucidate the mechanisms of intrinsic and rHB-EGF-induced restitution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early structural recovery occurred within 3 hours of reperfusion and was attributed to restitution rather than proliferation. HB-EGF treatment significantly improved structural recovery and accelerated functional recovery of the gut barrier. In vivo restitution was preceded by activation of Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, which were accelerated and enhanced by HB-EGF treatment. Blocking of ErbB-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, or mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/ERK activity resulted in significant reduction in intrinsic and HB-EGF-induced restitution in vitro. Endogenous HB-EGF was shown to play an essential role in wound-induced ErbB-1 and ERK1/2 activation and in intrinsic restitution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endogenous HB-EGF, ErbB-1, PI3K/Akt, and MEK/ERK are involved in intrinsic restitution. rHB-EGF enhances restitution in vivo and in vitro in a PI3K/Akt- and MEK/ERK1/2-dependent fashion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital, Columbus, 43205, USA.
authors.forename: Osama N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: El-Assal
authors.forename: Gail E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Besner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002465:Cell Movement; D017091:Colitis, Ischemic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007422:Intestines / Q000098:blood supply*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012016:Reference Values; D012038:Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: C587883:HBEGF protein, human; C587885:Hbegf protein, rat; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases