title: VEGF-A and FGF-2 synergistically promote neoangiogenesis through enhancement of endogenous PDGF-B-PDGFRbeta signaling.
abstract: Combined stimulation with VEGF-A, FGF-2, or PDGF-BB has emerged as a potent strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis, although the mechanisms underlying the synergism of these factors are not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism of synergism between VEGF-A and FGF-2 by using Matrigel plug assay in vivo and embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-positive cells in vitro. Experiments in vitro revealed that, in addition to having direct mitogenic effects, these molecules enhance intercellular PDGF-B signaling in a cell-type specific manner: VEGF-A enhances endothelial PDGF-B expression, whereas FGF-2 enhances mural PDGF receptor beta (PDGFRbeta) expression. Co-stimulation with VEGF-A and FGF-2 caused significant mural cell recruitment in vitro and formation of functional neovasculature in vivo, compared with single-agent stimulation. These effects were abrogated not only by anti-PDGFRbeta neutralizing antibody, but also by exogenous PDGF-BB, which could overwhelm the endogenous PDGF-BB distribution. These findings indicated the importance of preservation of the periendothelial PDGF-BB gradient. Thus, we demonstrated that the directional enhancement of endogenous PDGF-B-PDGFRbeta signaling is indispensable for the synergistic effect of VEGF-A and FGF-2 on neoangiogenesis in adults. The findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying the effects of co-stimulation by growth factors, which could lead to rational design of therapeutic angiogenic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsunobu R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kano
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Caname
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwasaka
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watabe
authors.forename: Yasuyoshi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ouchi
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazono
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyazawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000494:pharmacology; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002450:Cell Communication / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D004357:Drug Synergism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D020574:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C467480:vascular endothelial growth factor A, mouse; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D020797:Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor beta