title: Cancer risk in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome: later age of onset.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Mutations in the mismatch repair genes cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome and convey high lifetime cancer risks for colorectal (CRC) and endometrial cancer. Currently, cancer risks for individuals with HNPCC are based on data from clinically ascertained families. The purpose of this study was to re-examine the penetrance in HNPCC using a comprehensive dataset from a geographically defined region.
  
  
  METHODS
  A combined dataset of 70 HNPCC families ascertained by traditional high-risk criteria and by molecular screening comprising 88 probands and 373 mutation-positive family members was used. Statistical methods were modified survival analysis techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In mutation-positive relatives (excluding probands), the median age at diagnosis of CRC was 61.2 years (confidence interval [CI], 56.3-68.0 y). The lifetime risk for CRC was 68.7% (CI, 58.6%-78.9%) for men and 52.2% (CI, 37.6%-66.9%) for women. Considering only probands, the median age at diagnosis of CRC was 44.0 years (CI, 41.0-46.3 y). Median age of onset of EC was 62.0 years (CI, 55.9 y to an upper limit too high to calculate) with a lifetime cancer risk of 54% (CI, 41.9%-66.1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A markedly later age of onset for CRC at 61 y than previously reported (approximately 44 y) is suggested, resulting mainly from a more rigorous method of analysis in which all gene-positive individuals (both affected and unaffected with cancer) are considered. Lifetime cancer risks may be lower for CRC and endometrial cancer than presently assumed. If confirmed, these data suggest a need to alter counseling practices, and to consider HNPCC in older individuals than before.
authors.affiliation: Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampel
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Eero
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pukkala
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sankila
authors.forename: Lauri A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
authors.forename: Jukka-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mecklin
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de la Chapelle
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D003123:Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1