title: Incision of the intervertebral disc induces disintegration and increases permeability of the dorsal root ganglion capsule.
abstract: METHODS
  The origin and the barrier properties of the characteristic reaction at the surface of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) exposed to the nucleus pulposus was studied using Alcian-Blue staining, van Gieson staining, and the application of Evans Blue Albumin (EBA) complex in rats.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the origin and the barrier properties of the capsule, including the characteristic reaction, at the surface of the DRG exposed to the nucleus pulposus.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Local application of nucleus pulposus may induce a characteristic reaction at the surface of the DRG. This reaction histologically resembles an acute inflammatory reaction. However, it is not evident if this is a swelling of the DRG capsule, if it is located between the capsule and neurons of the DRG, or if it is only an attached nucleus pulposus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nucleus pulposus from the discs was obtained. The nucleus pulposus was smeared on glass slides. Alcian-Blue with hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for each smear. Herniation of the nucleus pulposus was made in the L4-L5 disc in rats. The L4 DRGs were resected 3, 24, and 72 hours after surgery, and sectioned. The sections were processed for Alcian-Blue staining, van Gieson staining, and EBA complex infiltration. The sections were observed using light or fluorescent microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Smear of nucleus pulposus was stained bright blue indicating mucins. A characteristic reaction, "inflammatory crescent," was confirmed at the surface of the DRG exposed to the nucleus pulposus. No mucins were observed in the crescent using Alcian-Blue. The results of van Gieson staining showed that the reaction started both inside and outside the elastic fiber layer, the DRG capsule, within 3 hours. The EBA complex was capable of infiltrating into the DRG capsule 24 hours after disc incision.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The disintegrated capsule showed an increased permeability even for a large molecule as albumin, which indicates a possible entrance route for various substances induced by locally applied nucleus pulposus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murata
authors.forename: Björn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rydevik
authors.forename: Kazuhisa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Kjell
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Olmarker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley