title: The usefulness of clonality for the detection of cases clinically and/or histopathologically not recognized as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The determination of clonality has proven to be a useful adjunct to the diagnosis of cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates. It is considered particularly helpful for the distinction of mycosis fungoides (MF) and inflammatory dermatoses.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To verify the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-heteroduplex analysis of T-cell receptor gamma-chain gene (TCRgamma) rearrangements in patients with MF and to establish whether a clinicopathological re-evaluation of lesions previously unclassified or considered to be non-neoplastic entities but found to be monoclonal allowed the recognition of additional cases of MF.
  
  
  METHODS
  Included in the study were 116 patients, seen at our Institute from April 2002 to September 2003 and tested for TCRgamma rearrangements. Thirty-six patients were affected by clinically and histopathologically proven MF, while the remaining 80 cases had not been classified or had been classified as non-neoplastic entities. The sensitivity of the molecular analysis was determined on the basis of the results obtained in the 36 patients with MF. The 29 cases of the second series of patients found to be monoclonal were clinically and histopathologically re-evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clonal rearrangements were found in 87.5% of patients with plaque stage MF and in 20% of those with patch stage MF. The clinicopathological re-evaluation allowed us to reclassify 15 of 29 monoclonal cases of the second series of patients as MF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study showed that the PCR-heteroduplex technique can determine a high percentage of monoclonality only in plaque stage MF. However, in spite of the low sensitivity of the method, several cases previously unrecognized could be reclassified as MF when their clinical and histopathological features were re-evaluated taking into account the clonality of the lymphocytic infiltrate.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dermatological Sciences, University of Milan, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Via Pace 9, 20122 Milan, Italy. elvio.alessi@unimi.it
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Alessi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coggi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Venegoni
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Merlo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gianotti
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D015334:Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor / Q000235:genetics*; D020180:Heteroduplex Analysis / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D009182:Mycosis Fungoides / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology