title: Clinical factors associated with persistent pericardial effusion after successful primary coronary angioplasty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the incidence and clinical factors related to the persistence of infarct-associated pericardial effusion (PE) after primary angioplasty.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive case-series analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary care unit in a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred ninety-one consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent successful primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) at hospital admission.
  
  
  METHODS
  Coronary angiography and primary PTCA on hospital admission and serial echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The status of coronary flow before and after primary PTCA was evaluated by coronary angiography at hospital admission, while PE was studied by echocardiography within 24 h of admission and 1 month after the onset of AMI. PE was present in the acute phase in 76 patients (19%), and patients with PE had a significantly higher incidence of in-hospital death than those without PE (11% vs 2%, p < 0.001). Among 68 patients who had PE in the acute phase and underwent echocardiography 1 month later, PE persisted to 1 month after the onset of AMI (persistent PE) in 26 patients (38%). Patients with persistent PE had a significantly higher incidence of pericardial rub (p = 0.010), Killip class > 1 (p = 0.025), no reflow after PTCA (p = 0.026), lower incidence of collaterals (p = 0.024), and tended to have higher peak creatine kinase (CK) [p = 0.05] levels than those with transient PE. When five variables (peak CK, collaterals, no reflow, pericardial rub, and Killip class > 1) were used in the multivariate analysis, pericardial rub (p = 0.023; odds ratio [OR], 5.45), absence of collaterals (p = 0.011; OR, 0.16), and Killip class > 1 (p = 0.027; OR, 3.80) were the significant variables related to persistent PE.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PE remains a relatively common complication of AMI even in the era of reperfusion therapy and is associated with increased mortality. Furthermore, the presence of a pericardial rub, Killip class > 1, and absence of collateral flow in the early phase of the infarct are associated with persistence of the PE to 1 month after the onset of AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu Oko-cho Nankoku City, Kochi, Japan 783-8505. sugiurat@med.kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Seishi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: Toshika
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okumiya
authors.forename: Fumiyasu
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamasaki
authors.forename: Toshiji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iwasaka
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D010490:Pericardial Effusion / Q000209:etiology*