title: Interrogation of patient data delivered to the operating theatre during hepato-pancreatic surgery using high-performance computing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Op3D visualization system allows, for the first time, a surgeon in the operating theatre to interrogate patient-specific medical data sets rendered in three dimensions using high-performance computing. The hypothesis of this research is that the success rate of hepato-pancreatic surgical resections can be improved by replacing the light box with an interactive 3D representation of the medical data in the operating theatre.
  
  
  METHODS
  A laptop serves as the client computer and an easy-to-use interface has been developed for the surgeon to interact with and interrogate the patient data. To date, 16 patients have had 3D reconstructions of their DICOM data sets, including preoperative interrogation and planning of surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interrogation of the 3D images live in theatre and comparison with the surgeons' operative findings (including intraoperative ultrasound) led to the operation being abandoned in 25% of cases, adoption of an alternative surgical approach in 25% of cases, and helpful image guidance for successful resection in 50% of cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical value of the latest generation of scanners and digital imaging techniques cannot be realized unless appropriate dissemination of the images takes place. This project has succeeded in translating the image technology into a user-friendly form and delivers 3D reconstructions of patient-specific data to the "sharp end"-the surgeon undertaking the tumor resection in theatre, in a manner that allows interaction and interpretation. More time interrogating the 3D data sets preoperatively would help reduce the incidence of abandoned operations-this is part of the surgeons' learning curve. We have developed one of the first practical applications to benefit from remote visualization, and certainly the first medical visualization application of this kind.
authors.affiliation: School of Informatics, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. n.w.john@bangor.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nigel W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: John
authors.forename: Rory F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: McCloy
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Herrman
mesh_terms: D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008099:Liver / Q000601:surgery*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009870:Operating Room Information Systems; D010179:Pancreas / Q000601:surgery*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011300:Preoperative Care; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014584:User-Computer Interface