title: Detection of leishmanial antigen in the urine of patients with visceral leishmaniasis by a latex agglutination test.
abstract: Diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is usually done by demonstration of parasites in tissue smears. However, obtaining these smears may be risky, painful, and difficult. Antibody-based diagnostics are limited by their inability to predict active disease. In this study, a new latex agglutination test (KAtex), which detects parasite antigen in freshly voided and boiled urine, was evaluated in patients with VL before the start (n = 382) and at the end of treatment (n = 273); 185 healthy controls from leishmaniasis-endemic region were also studied. The KAtex result was positive in 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 83.3-90.3). However, at the end of treatment only 3% (95% CI = 1.6-6.2) patients were positive. The specificity of the test was 99% and 2 of 185 healthy controls tested positive. Positive and negative predictive values were 0.994 and 0.788, respectively. KAtex is a promising test, and in a simplified and improved format it could be applied meaningfully in the diagnosis of VL.
authors.affiliation: Kala-Azar Medical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. shyam_vns@satyam.net.in
authors.forename: Shyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sundar
authors.forename: Shrinkhla
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
authors.forename: Kalpana
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chance
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hommel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007841:Latex Fixation Tests / Q000379:methods; D007891:Leishmania / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic