Tyrosine-phosphorylated bacterial effector proteins: the enemies within.
The tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins has a central role during signal transduction in eukaryotes. Recent progress shows that tyrosine phosphorylation is also a common feature of several effector proteins translocated by bacterial type III and type IV secretion systems. The involvement of these secretion systems in disease development is exemplified by a variety of pathogenic processes: pedestal formation (Tir of EPEC and Citrobacter), cell scattering (CagA of Helicobacter), invasion (Tarp of Chlamydia) and possibly proinflammatory responses and cell proliferation (BepD-F of Bartonella). The discovery that different bacterial pathogens use this common strategy to subvert host-cell function suggests that more examples will soon emerge.
Backert
Steffen
S
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany. steffen.backert@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
Selbach
Matthias
M
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D018407:Bacterial Physiological Phenomena; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000378:metabolism*
D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C109287:Tir protein, E coli; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori; D014443:Tyrosine