title: Use of a probiotic to decrease enteric hyperoxaluria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a 10- to 100-fold increased risk of nephrolithiasis, with enteric hyperoxaluria being the major risk factor for these and other patients with fat malabsorptive states. Endogenous components of the intestinal microflora can potentially limit dietary oxalate absorption.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten patients were studied with chronic fat malabsorption, calcium oxalate stones, and hyperoxaluria thought to be caused by jejunoileal bypass (1) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for obesity (4), dumping syndrome secondary to gastrectomy (2), celiac sprue (1), chronic pancreatitis (1), and ulcerative colitis in remission (1). For 3 months, patients received increasing doses of a lactic acid bacteria mixture (Oxadrop), VSL Pharmaceuticals), followed by a washout month. Twenty-four-hour urine collections were performed at baseline and after each month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean urinary oxalate excretion fell by 19% after 1 month (1 dose per day, P < 0.05), and oxalate excretion remained reduced by 24% during the second month (2 doses per day, P < 0.05). During the third month on 3 doses per day oxalate excretion increased slightly, so that the mean was close to the baseline established off treatment. Urinary oxalate again fell 20% from baseline during the washout period. Calcium oxalate supersaturation was reduced while on Oxadrop, largely due to the decrease in oxalate excretion, although mean changes did not reach statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Manipulation of gastrointestinal (GI) flora can influence urinary oxalate excretion to reduce urinary supersaturation levels. These changes could have a salutary effect on stone formation rates. Further studies will be needed to establish the optimal dosing regimen.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Mayo Hyperoxaluria Center, and Mayo Complementary and Integrative Medicine Program, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA. Lieske.John@mayo.edu
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lieske
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goldfarb
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regnier
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001644:Bifidobacterium; D006801:Humans; D006959:Hyperoxaluria / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy* / Q000652:urine; D007422:Intestines / Q000382:microbiology*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus; D052196:Levilactobacillus brevis; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010070:Oxalates / Q000652:urine; D019936:Probiotics / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D048249:Streptococcus thermophilus; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010070:Oxalates