title: Asynchronous extinction of late Quaternary sloths on continents and islands.
abstract: Whatever the cause, it is extraordinary that dozens of genera of large mammals became extinct during the late Quaternary throughout the Western Hemisphere, including 90% of the genera of the xenarthran suborder Phyllophaga (sloths). Radiocarbon dates directly on dung, bones, or other tissue of extinct sloths place their "last appearance" datum at approximately 11,000 radiocarbon years before present (yr BP) or slightly less in North America, approximately 10,500 yr BP in South America, and approximately 4,400 yr BP on West Indian islands. This asynchronous situation is not compatible with glacial-interglacial climate change forcing these extinctions, especially given the great elevational, latitudinal, and longitudinal variation of the sloth-bearing continental sites. Instead, the chronology of last appearance of extinct sloths, whether on continents or islands, more closely tracks the first arrival of people.
authors.affiliation: Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. dws@flmnh.ufl.edu
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Steadman
authors.forename: Paul S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Ross D E
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: MacPhee
authors.forename: A J T
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Jull
authors.forename: H Gregory
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iturralde-Vinent
authors.forename: Gregory W L
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Hodgins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044822:Biodiversity; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D002980:Climate; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D009656:North America; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes; D011157:Population Dynamics; D012896:Sloths / Q000502:physiology*; D013020:South America; D013997:Time Factors; D014900:West Indies
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D010103:Oxygen Isotopes