Current concepts of molecular aspects of bone healing.
Fracture healing is a complex physiological process. It involves the coordinated participation of haematopoietic and immune cells within the bone marrow in conjunction with vascular and skeletal cell precursors, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are recruited from the surrounding tissues and the circulation. Multiple factors regulate this cascade of molecular events by affecting different sites in the osteoblast and chondroblast lineage through various processes such as migration, proliferation, chemotaxis, differentiation, inhibition, and extracellular protein synthesis. An understanding of the fracture healing cellular and molecular pathways is not only critical for the future advancement of fracture treatment, but it may also be informative to our further understanding of the mechanisms of skeletal growth and repair as well as the mechanisms of aging.
Dimitriou
Rozalia
R
Academic Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Backett Street, LS9 7TF, UK.
Tsiridis
Eleftherios
E
Giannoudis
Peter V
PV
D000818:Animals; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000502:physiology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000502:physiology; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000502:physiology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology
D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D006133:Growth Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins