title: Reduction of spermatogenesis but not fertility in Creb3l4-deficient mice.
abstract: Creb3l4 belongs to the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors that are involved in mediating transcription in response to intracellular signaling. This study shows that Creb3l4 is expressed at low levels in all organs and in different stages of embryogenesis but is present at very high levels in the testis, particularly in postmeiotic male germ cells. In contrast to CREB3L4 in the human prostate, of which specific expression was detected, Creb3l4 transcripts in the mouse prostate could be detected only by RT-PCR. To identify the physiological function of Creb3l4, the murine gene was inactivated by replacement with the gene encoding green fluorescent protein. Surprisingly, Creb3l4-deficient mice were born at expected ratios, were healthy, and displayed normal long-term survival rates. Despite a significant reduction in the number of spermatozoa in the epididymis of Creb3l4(-)(/)(-) mice, the breeding of mutant males with wild-type females was productive and the average litter size was not significantly altered in comparison to wild-type littermates. Further analyses revealed that the seminiferous tubules of Creb3l4(-)(/)(-) mice contained all of the developmental stages, though there was evidence for increased apoptosis of meiotic/postmeiotic germ cells. These results suggest that Creb3l4 plays a role in male germ cell development, but its loss is insufficient to completely compromise the production of spermatozoa.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Human Genetics, University of Göttingen, Germany. iadham@gwdg.de
authors.forename: Ibrahim M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Adham
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Eck
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mierau
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Mahmoud A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sallam
authors.forename: Ilona
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paprotta
authors.forename: Stephanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Sigrid
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoyer-Fender
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Engel
mesh_terms: D020101:Acrosome Reaction; D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005298:Fertility; D017353:Gene Deletion; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051697:Activating Transcription Factor 1; C497100:Atf1 protein, mouse; C116472:Creb3 protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors