title: Measures of adherence based on self-report exhibited poor agreement with those based on pharmacy records.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the level of agreement between a self-reported measure of adherence with prescribed drug and a measure of adherence based on pharmacy data.
  
  
  METHODS
  During an in-home interview, people aged 65+ were asked to report all prescription drugs they had taken in the preceding month. For each drug, a four-item questionnaire was used to determine self-reported adherence. In the pharmacy records, each drug that had been filled at least four times was analyzed, and the percentage of days with the drug available was calculated. Two types of adherence were studied: (1) adherence by individual, and (2) adherence by drug. The level of agreement was assessed using kappa (kappa) statistics and proportions of agreement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We compared the adherence measures among 189 individuals (880 drugs). Among all, 90 individuals (48%) self-reported adherence, whereas 95 individuals (50%) were adherent according to the records. The level of agreement between these two measures was slight (kappa=0.16 [95% CI: 0.02-0.30]). Individuals self-reported to be adherent for 81% of the drugs, while pharmacy records showed adherence for 83% of them (kappa=0.13 [95% CI: 0.05-0.20]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Self-reported measures of adherence exhibited poor agreement with those based on pharmacy records.
authors.affiliation: Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, and Unité de recherche en santé des populations, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement du CHA, 1050, chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8 Canada.
authors.forename: Line
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guénette
authors.forename: Jocelyne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moisan
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Préville
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boyer
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D011307:Drug Prescriptions; D004358:Drug Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D010594:Pharmacies; D012647:Self-Assessment