title: Evidence that interferon-gamma plays a protective role during cerebral malaria.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The pathogenic mechanisms of cerebral malaria (CM) are unclear but are thought to involve cytokine-mediated inflammation enhanced by parasite sequestration in the brain microcirculation. The role that interferon (IFN)-gamma could play that would enhance inflammation but also reduce parasitemia is unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma IFN-gamma concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 96 children with CM and 40 children with uncomplicated malaria (UM) who had been recruited from Gabriel Toure Hospital (Bamako, Mali). We investigated the relationship between IFN- gamma concentrations and disease by nonparametric analysis. Polymorphisms in IFNG were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis or size-determination electrophoresis. Associations between polymorphisms and CM were evaluated by the family-based association test on 240 families.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During episodes of malaria, IFN-gamma concentrations were lower in children with CM than in children with UM (P = .007). IFNG-183T (P = .009) and IFNG-183G/T (P = .013) were found to be less frequent than expected in children with CM. A trend toward association was also observed between IFNG(CA)14/(CA)14 (P = .073) and CM. The IFNG-183G/T and IFNG(CA)14/(CA)14 genotypes were more frequent in children with UM than in children with CM (odds ratio, 0.30 and 0.34, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The low plasma IFN- gamma concentrations in children with CM and the associations between a reduced risk of CM and (1) the IFNG-183T allele (which increases gene transcription) and (2) the IFNG-183G/T genotype are consistent with the concept that IFN-gamma protects against CM.
authors.affiliation: Immunology and Genetics of Parasitic Diseases, INSERM UMR399, Faculty of Medicine Timone, Universite de la Mediterranee, Marseille, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cabantous
authors.forename: Belco
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poudiougou
authors.forename: Abdoulaye
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Traore
authors.forename: Marouf
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keita
authors.forename: Mamadou Balla
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Cisse
authors.forename: Ogobara
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Doumbo
authors.forename: Alain J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Dessein
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marquet
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D016779:Malaria, Cerebral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008302:Mali; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma; D004247:DNA