title: Adenovirus type 5 E4orf3 protein targets the Mre11 complex to cytoplasmic aggresomes.
abstract: Virus infections have dramatic effects on structural and morphological characteristics of the host cell. The gene product of open reading frame 3 in the early region 4 (E4orf3) of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is involved in efficient replication and late protein synthesis. During infection with adenovirus mutants lacking the E4 region, the viral genomic DNA is joined into concatemers by cellular DNA repair factors, and this requires the Mre11/Rad50/Nbs1 complex. Concatemer formation can be prevented by the E4orf3 protein, which causes the cellular redistribution of the Mre11 complex. Here we show that E4orf3 colocalizes with components of the Mre11 complex in nuclear tracks and also in large cytoplasmic accumulations. Rearrangement of Mre11 and Rad50 by Ad5 E4orf3 is not dependent on interactions with Nbs1 or promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. Late in infection the cytoplasmic inclusions appear as a distinct juxtanuclear accumulation at the centrosome and this requires an intact microtubule cytoskeleton. The large cytoplasmic accumulations meet the criteria defined for aggresomes, including gamma-tubulin colocalization and formation of a surrounding vimentin cage. E4orf3 also appears to alter the solubility of the cellular Mre11 complex. These data suggest that E4orf3 can target the Mre11 complex to an aggresome and may explain how the cellular repair complex is inactivated during adenovirus infection.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA 92186-5800, USA.
authors.forename: Felipe D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Araujo
authors.forename: Travis H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Stracker
authors.forename: Christian T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: Darwin V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Weitzman
mesh_terms: D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; D017504:Adenovirus E4 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000502:physiology; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000378:metabolism; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012995:Solubility; D014404:Tubulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017504:Adenovirus E4 Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C121766:MRE11 protein, human; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; C112156:NBN protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D014404:Tubulin; D000076228:MRE11 Homologue Protein; D017766:Acid Anhydride Hydrolases; C112158:RAD50 protein, human; D045643:DNA Repair Enzymes