title: Improving outcomes in fetuses and neonates with congenital displacement (Ebstein's malformation) or dysplasia of the tricuspid valve.
abstract: From 1984 to 2004, 66 patients were diagnosed with Ebstein's malformation (n = 61) or congenital tricuspid valve (TV) dysplasia (n = 5) in utero or during the first month of life. Of these, 33 were diagnosed by fetal echocardiography at a median gestational age of 22 weeks, and 33 were diagnosed postnatally at a median age of 1 day (range 1 to 27). In 8 of the 33 prenatally diagnosed patients (24%), the pregnancies were terminated; in 9 (27%), the fetuses died in utero, and in 16 (49%), the fetuses survived to birth. Seven prenatally diagnosed patients survived beyond the neonatal period (21% of 33). Of the 49 neonates, 35 (71%) survived to hospital discharge and beyond 1 month of age. Independent predictors of death by multivariable logistic regression analysis included right atrial area index >1, the absence of anterograde flow across the pulmonary valve, and diagnosis before 1997. Although outcomes in fetuses and neonates with congenital anomalies of the TV have improved in more recent experience, survival in patients at the severe end of the spectrum remains poor. To improve outcomes in this group of high-risk patients, novel approaches to management may be indicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
authors.forename: Doff B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: Joshua W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Salvin
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Colan
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Thiagarajan
authors.forename: Elizabeth C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Edward N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Marcus
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: del Nido
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tworetzky
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004437:Ebstein Anomaly / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D005318:Fetal Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods