title: Electrochemical analysis of endosulfan using a C18-modified carbon-paste electrode.
abstract: Successful applications of different analytical procedures to determine quantitatively endosulfan and its metabolites in aqueous media can be found in recent literature. Fundamentally, they have made use of solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC), sometimes coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). In this paper, a new and alternative methodology to determine quantitatively endosulfan in aqueous media is reported. A C18-modified carbon-paste electrode has been used to determine voltammetrically endosulfan, despite its unfavourable electrochemical properties and behaviour. The methodology proposed is based on the decrease experienced by the peak intensity corresponding to voltammetric signals of Cu(II) when successive and constant additions of endosulfan are carried out. This decrease is directly proportional to the concentration of endosulfan what allows to perform an indirect quantification of the pesticide. The detection limit obtained is 40 ng l(-1), this value being under the limits specified by European norms and EPA reports.
authors.affiliation: Département de Génie Chimique, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, B.P. 416, 90000 Tánger, Morocco.
authors.forename: Hicham
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: El Bakouri
authors.forename: José Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Palacios-Santander
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cubillana-Aguilera
authors.forename: Abdelhamid
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ouassini
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Naranjo-Rodríguez
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hidalgo-Hidalgo de Cisneros
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper / Q000737:chemistry; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D004726:Endosulfan / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012996:Solutions / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D012996:Solutions; D014867:Water; D002244:Carbon; D003300:Copper; D004726:Endosulfan