title: Plowing the atrium and growing thrombi: two cases of large atrial thrombi following ablative and surgical procedure for atrial fibrillation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We present two patients with a large left atrial (LA) thrombus following invasive treatment for atrial fibrillation and inadequate anticoagulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Case 1: A 30-year-old woman, with a one-year history of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation resistant to medical therapy, underwent catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. Three days after the procedure the patient presented with dizziness, fatigue, rapid atrial fibrillation with a sub-therapeutic INR. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed a large LA thrombus. Case 2: A 59-year-old male, with severe mitral regurgitation and chronic atrial fibrillation, underwent mitral valve repair and Cox-Maze procedure. Three months later, while asymptomatic, a follow-up transthoracic echocardiography a large posterior LA thrombus was imaged. His INR was also sub-therapeutic. Both patients were treated by enhancing anticoagulation and close echocardiographic follow-up. So far both patients have remained asymptomatic two months following discharge.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Large LA thrombi detected by transthoracic echocardiography are a rare complication of the Cox-Maze procedure and radio-frequency ablation for atrial fibrillation, which may occur even in patients with restored normal sinus rhythm receiving inadequate anticoagulation therapy.
authors.affiliation: Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. carassos@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Shemy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Carasso
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kuperstein
authors.forename: Eli
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Konen
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Glikson
authors.forename: Micha S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Feinberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000601:surgery*; D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants