title: Comparative analysis of expression of histone H2a genes in mouse.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  At least 18 replication-dependent histone H2a genes are distributed in 3 Hist gene clusters on different chromosomes of the mouse genome. In this analysis we designed specific PCR primers for each histone H2a transcript and studied the expression levels and patterns using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). In addition, we compared histone H3 K9 acetylation levels in the promoter regions of H2a genes by ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)--quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT-PCR analysis indicated that all 20 histone H2a genes assessed in this study are expressed. The replication-dependent histone H2a genes have different expression levels but similar expression patterns. Among the 20 histone H2a genes, the expression-level of H2afz, a replication-independent gene, was highest, and that of Hist1h2aa, a replication-dependent gene, was lowest. Among 18 replication-dependent H2a genes, the expression level of Hist3h2a was highest. The ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that histone H3 K9 acetylation levels in promoter regions of both H2afz and Hist3h2a are clearly higher than that in the promoter region of Hist1h2aa. The H3 K9 acetylation level in the promoter of Hist1h2aa is similar to that in the gamma-satellite region.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results strongly suggest that histone H3 K9 acetylation plays a role in the expression of histone genes.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Genome Exploration Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. hnishida@gsc.riken.jp
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ookawa
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomaru
authors.forename: Yoshihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hayashizaki
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D002843:Chromatin / Q000737:chemistry; D047369:Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D016193:G1 Phase; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006657:Histones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006918:Hydroxyurea / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D005810:Multigene Family; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013936:Thymidine / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D006657:Histones; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D013936:Thymidine; D006918:Hydroxyurea