title: Hemothorax.
abstract: Hemothorax has been recognized as a clinical entity for centuries. However, the use of closed drainage has only recently been described in the last 50 years. Chest radiography remains the mainstay of diagnosis, however computed tomography and ultrasound are useful in some circumstances. The treatment of hemothorax is adequate drainage. Drainage allows for apposition of the visceral and parietal pleura, which aids hemostasis. Massive hemothorax and ongoing bleeding are indications for thoracotomy. Clotted hemothorax can be difficult to drain adequately with tube thoracostomy alone. Video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has proven most effective in obtaining adequate drainage if performed early in the patient's course.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of California, Davis, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Jacoby
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Battistella