title: Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the alphavbeta3-selective tracer 18F-galacto-RGD in cancer patients.
abstract: (18)F-Galacto-RGD has been developed for PET of alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expression, a receptor involved in, for example, angiogenesis and metastasis. Our aim was to study the kinetics and biodistribution of (18)F-Galacto-RGD in cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients with metastases of malignant melanoma (n = 7), sarcomas (n = 10), or osseous metastases (n = 2) were examined. After injection of 133-200 MBq (18)F-Galacto-RGD, 3 consecutive emission scans from the pelvis to the thorax or dynamic emission scans of the tumor over 60 min, followed by 1 static emission scan of the body, were acquired. Time-activity curves and standardized uptake values (SUVs) were derived by image region-of-interest analysis with image-based arterial input functions. Compartmental modeling was used to derive the distribution volume for muscle tissue and tumors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (18)F-Galacto-RGD showed rapid blood clearance and primarily renal excretion. SUVs in tumors ranged from 1.2 to 9.0. Tumor-to-blood and tumor-to-muscle ratios increased over time, with peak ratios of 3.1 +/- 2.0 and 7.7 +/- 4.3, respectively, at 72 min. The tumor kinetics were consistent with a 2-tissue compartment model with reversible specific binding. Distribution volume values were, on average, 4 times higher for tumor tissue (1.5 +/- 0.8) than those for muscle tissue (0.4 +/- 0.1). The data suggest that there was only minimal free and bound (specific or nonspecific) tracer in muscle tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (18)F-Galacto-RGD demonstrates a highly favorable biodistribution in humans with specific receptor binding. Most important, this study shows that (18)F-Galacto-RGD allows visualization of alpha(v)beta(3) expression in tumors with high contrast. Consequently, this tracer offers a new strategy for noninvasive monitoring of molecular processes and may supply helpful information for planning and controlling of therapeutic approaches targeting the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Technische Universität München, Germany.
authors.forename: Ambros J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Beer
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haubner
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goebel
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luderschmidt
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Spilker
authors.forename: Hans-Jürgen
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Wester
authors.forename: Wolfgang A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schwaiger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005690:Galactose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D039302:Integrin alphaVbeta3; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; C423503:fluorogalacto-RGD; D005690:Galactose