title: Characterization of the spontaneous and gripping-induced immobility episodes on taiep rats.
abstract: In 1989, we described a new autosomic-recessive myelin-mutant rat that develops a progressive motor syndrome characterized by tremor, ataxia, immobility episodes (IEs), epilepsy, and paralysis. taiep is the acronym of these symptoms. The rat developed a hypomyelination, followed by demyelination. At an age of 7-8 months, taiep rats developed IEs, characterized electroencephalographically by REM sleep-like cortical activity. In our study, we analyzed the ontogeny of gripping-induced IEs between 5 and 18 months, their dependence to light-dark changes, sexual dimorphism, and susceptibility to mild stress. Our results showed that IEs start at an age of 6.5 months, with a peak frequency between 8.5 and 9.5 months. IEs have two peaks, one in the morning (0800-1000 h) and a second peak in the middle of the night (2300-0100 h). Spontaneous IEs showed an even distribution with a mean of 3 IEs every 2 h. IEs are sexually dimorphic being more common in male rats. The IEs can be induced by gripping the rat by the tail or the thorax, but most of the IEs were produced by gripping the tail. Mild stress produced by i.p. injection of physiological saline significantly decreased IEs. These results suggested that IEs are dependent on several biological variables, which are caused by hypomyelination, followed by demyelization, which causes alterations in the brainstem and hypothalamic mechanisms responsible for the sleep-wake cycle regulation, producing emergence of REM sleep-like behavior during awake periods.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla; Apdo. Postal 406. Puebla, Pue. C.P. 72000, Mexico.
authors.forename: Ma Del Carmen
authors.initials: Mdel C
authors.lastname: Cortés
authors.forename: Berenice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gavito
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Ita
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Valencia
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eguibar
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002385:Cataplexy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D003244:Consciousness Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000235:genetics; D020279:Hereditary Central Nervous System Demyelinating Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009290:Narcolepsy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D020188:Sleep Paralysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014202:Tremor / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology