title: Relations between high ponderal index at birth, feeding practices and body mass index in infancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared feeding practices between infants of high ponderal index (PI) at birth (PI above the 90th percentile) and normal PI at birth (PI between 10th and 90th percentiles), and examined how birth size and infant feeding practices were related to body mass index (BMI) at 12 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cohort of 3000 infants invited to participate in a national Norwegian dietary survey, 1825 participated both at 6 and 12 months of age, and the present study included those born full term and with a PI (weight/length3) at birth > or =10th percentile (n=1441). Data on feeding practices were collected by food-frequency questionnaires, and anthropometrical data were measured by health-care personnel.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A lower proportion of infants born with high PI were exclusively breastfed for at least 4 months compared with infants born with normal PI (37 and 47%, respectively; P=0.03). Earlier introduction of solid foods and higher consumption of some foods were also observed among infants of high PI. In a multivariate analysis, adjusted mean BMI (kg/m2) at 12 months was higher for infants of high PI at birth than for infants of normal PI (17.6 and 17.0, respectively; P<0.001) and higher for infants exclusively breastfed <3 months than for infants exclusively breastfed > or =3 months (17.5 and 17.2, respectively; P=0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High PI at birth was associated with a shorter duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Furthermore, high PI at birth and short-term exclusive breastfeeding were both associated with higher BMI at 12 months.
authors.affiliation: Department for Nutrition, Directorate for Health and Social Affairs, Oslo, Norway. britt.lande@shdir.no
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lande
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Henriksen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baerug
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: K U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Trygg
authors.forename: G-Eaa
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Bjørneboe
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Veierød
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001827:Body Height / Q000502:physiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007225:Infant Food / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009664:Norway; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013997:Time Factors