title: The influence of maternal insulin-dependent diabetes on fetal nuchal translucency thickness and first-trimester maternal serum biochemical markers of aneuploidy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of maternal insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on maternal serum free beta-hCG, PAPP-A and fetal nuchal translucency (NT), thickness at 11 to 13(+6) weeks of gestation in a large cohort of women screened prospectively for chromosomal anomalies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Information on maternal IDDM status, maternal serum biochemical marker levels and fetal NT were collected from the prenatal screening computer records in two first-trimester screening centres. In total the control group included 33 301 pregnancies of which 16 366 had NT and maternal serum biochemistry results and 16 305 with NT only. The IDDM group included 195 pregnancies of which 79 had NT and maternal serum biochemistry results and 127 with NT only. The median maternal weight corrected free beta-hCG and PAPP-A, expressed as multiple of the median (MoM), and fetal NT, expressed as delta values, in the IDDM and non-IDDM groups were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences between the IDDM and non-IDDM groups in median maternal weight corrected free beta-hCG (IDDM 0.87 MoM, 95% Confidence Interval 0.75 to 1.16 MoM, non-IDDM 1.00 MoM), median maternal weight corrected PAPP-A (IDDM 1.02 MoM, 95% Confidence Interval 0.83 to 1.05 MoM, non-IDDM 1.01 MoM), or mean delta NT (IDDM 0.0358 mm, non-IDDM 0.0002 mm).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In pregnancies with maternal IDDM, first-trimester screening for chromosomal defects does not require adjustments for the measured fetal NT. However, more data are required before the possible reduction in maternal serum free beta-hCG and the reduction of PAPP-A suggested by the published world series can be considered sufficiently important to take into account in the calculation of risks for chromosomal defects.
authors.affiliation: Prenatal Screening Unit, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Harold Wood Hospital, Romford, Essex, UK. KevinSpencer1@aol.com
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cicero
authors.forename: Alessia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atzei
authors.forename: Chineze
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Otigbah
authors.forename: Kypros H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
mesh_terms: D000782:Aneuploidy; D001835:Body Weight; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000097:blood*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D048208:Nuchal Translucency Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A