title: The International HIV Dementia Scale: a new rapid screening test for HIV dementia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  HIV dementia is an important neurological complication of advanced HIV infection. The use of a cross-cultural screening test to detect HIV dementia within the international community is critical for diagnosing this condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of a new screening test for HIV dementia, the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) in cohorts from the US and Uganda.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cross-sectional cohort studies designed to evaluate for the presence of HIV dementia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six HIV-positive individuals in the US and 81 HIV-positive individuals in Uganda received the IHDS and full standardized neurological and neuropsychological assessments. The sensitivity and specificity of varying cut-off scores of the IHDS were evaluated in the two cohorts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the US cohort, the mean IHDS score for HIV-positive individuals without dementia and with dementia were 10.6 and 9.3 respectively (P < 0.001). Using the cut-off of < or = 10, the sensitivity and specificity for HIV dementia with the IHDS were 80% and 57% respectively in the US cohort, and 80% and 55% respectively in the Uganda cohort.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The IHDS may be a useful screening test to identify individuals at risk for HIV dementia in both the industrialized world and the developing world. Full neuropsychological testing should then be performed to confirm a diagnosis of HIV dementia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA. sacktor@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Ned C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Sacktor
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Noeline
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakasujja
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Skolasky
authors.forename: Ola A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Selnes
authors.forename: Seggane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musisi
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Allan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ronald
authors.forename: Elly
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katabira
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003906:Developing Countries; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011594:Psychometrics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014454:Uganda; D014481:United States