title: In vivo skin permeation of sodium naproxen formulated in pluronic F-127 gels: effect of Azone and Transcutol.
abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the penetration of sodium naproxen, formulated in Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) gels containing Azone and Transcutol as penetration enhancers, through human skin in vivo. It was found that the combination of Azone and Transcutol in PF-127 gels enhanced sodium naproxen penetration, with enhancement ratios of up to two fold compared with the formulation containing only Transcutol. These results were confirmed by TEWL and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, suggesting a synergic action for Azone and Transcutol. Because of the thermo-reversible behavior of Pluronic gels, the influence of the components added to the gel formulations on viscosity, as a function of temperature, was also studied.
authors.affiliation: División de Estudios de Posgrado (Tecnología Farmacéutica), Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, Mexico.
authors.forename: José Juan
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Escobar-Chávez
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Quintanar-Guerrero
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ganem-Quintanar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001381:Azepines / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005026:Ethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009288:Naproxen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D020442:Poloxamer / Q000737:chemistry*; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / Q000379:methods; D014783:Viscosity; D014870:Water Loss, Insensible / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001381:Azepines; D005026:Ethylene Glycols; D005782:Gels; D020442:Poloxamer; C035229:laurocapram; D009288:Naproxen; C010111:carbitol