title: HbA1c in healthy, pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital malformations and macrosomia in infants of women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) still occur, even if diabetic control is considered 'good' (i.e. HbA1c below the nonpregnant upper reference value of 6.3%). We, therefore, measured HbA1c in healthy, pregnant women to determine whether the upper reference value for pregnant women should be lower than the nonpregnant value.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated HbA1c, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in two groups of healthy primigravid women. Group 1 (n=30; 30.0 +/- 5.3 (mean +/- sd) years; body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy 21.7 +/- 5.3 kg/m2) had a gestational age of 30 weeks (34.6 +/- 2.5) pregnant. None of the women had diabetes in the family in the first and/or second degree.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Group 1 had an HbA1c of 4.3 +/- 0.3% (range 3.9-5.0) and in group 2 the HbA1c was 4.7 +/- 0.4% (range 3.6-5.9) (p < 0.001). No relation was found between HbA1C and BMI vs birth weight, corrected for gestational age, within the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Healthy, pregnant women had a low HbA1C, particularly in the first trimester of pregnancy. This might implicate that for prevention of congenital malformations and macrosomia in pregnant DM1 women and HbA1C should be below 5% in the first trimester of pregnancy and below 6% in the third trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands. j.k.radder@lumc.nl
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Radder
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Roosmalen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin