title: Fetal and neonatal ovarian cysts: what's their real meaning?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The management of fetal ovarian cysts is still controversial despite the improvement in prenatal diagnosis with ultrasonography. Some studies suggest an aggressive management, while others opt for a conservative one. The prognosis of the majority of congenital ovarian cysts is good since they have a benign origin. Sometimes, however, complications such as torsion or rupture can occur which often require surgical intervention after delivery. In this paper we report our experience and a brief review of the literature.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors report on 32 pregnant women in whom ultrasonography revealed the presence of an echo-rare or echo-free area in the fetal abdomen suggestive of an ovarian cyst. All women were followed-up during pregnancy with serial ultrasound examinations. Postnatal ultrasound controls confirmed the prenatal diagnosis in all cases. The diameters of the cysts ranged from 2.7 to 7.5 cm.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 16 cases (50%) in which the cyst diameter was below 4 cm, periodic ultrasound examinations revealed a tendency towards spontaneous regression of the cysts. In the other 16 cases (50%) in which the cyst diameter exceeded 4 cm, cystectomy was necessary due to subsequent complications (torsion in 6 cases, 37.5%, and intracystic hemorrhage in the other 10, 62.5%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most appropriate clinical approach in the management of benign feto-neonatal ovarian cysts is to adopt a wait-and-see policy, assessing the course of the condition by means of periodic ultrasound monitoring. Only when tumefactions measure more than 4 cm in diameter with attendant complications is surgical therapy indicated. Without complications, however, aspiration of the cystic contents is possible even in ovarian cysts exceeding 4 cm in diameter.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, City Hospital, Prato, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Comparetto
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giudici
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Coccia
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scarselli
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Borruto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D005323:Fetal Monitoring; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery; D010048:Ovarian Cysts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery; D010049:Ovarian Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology* / Q000601:surgery; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011295:Prenatal Care; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal