title: Diabetes-related symptoms and negative mood in participants of a targeted population-screening program for type 2 diabetes: The Hoorn Screening Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the level of diabetes-related symptom distress and its association with negative mood in subjects participating in a targeted population-screening program, comparing those identified as having type 2 diabetes vs. those who did not.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was conducted within the framework of a targeted screening project for type 2 diabetes in a general Dutch population (age 50-75 years). The study sample consisted of 246 subjects, pre-selected on the basis of a high-risk profile; 116 of whom were subsequently identified as having type 2 diabetes, and 130 who were non-diabetic subjects. Diabetes-related symptom distress and negative mood was assessed approximately 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, with the Type 2 Diabetes Symptom Checklist and the Negative well-being sub scale of the Well-being Questionnaire (W-BQ12), respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Screening-detected diabetic patients reported significantly greater burden of hyperglycemic (F = 6.0, df = 1, p = 0.015) and of fatigue (F = 5.3, df = 1, p = 0.023) symptoms in the first year following diagnosis type 2 diabetes compared to non-diabetic subjects. These outcomes did not change over time. The total symptom distress (range 0-4) was relatively low for both screening-detected diabetic patients (median at approximately 2 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months; 0.24, 0.24, 0.29) and non-diabetic subjects (0.15, 0.15, 0.18), and not significantly different. No average difference and change over time in negative well-being was found between screening-detected diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects. Negative well-being was significantly positive related with the total symptom distress score (regression coefficient beta = 2.86, 95% CI 2.15-3.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The screening-detected diabetic patients were bothered more by symptoms of hyperglycemia and fatigue in the first year following diagnosis type 2 diabetes than non-diabetic subjects. More symptom distress is associated with increased negative mood in both screening-detected diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. marcel.adriaanse@falw.vu.nl
authors.forename: Marcel C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Adriaanse
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: Annemieke M W
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spijkerman
authors.forename: Jos W R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Giel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nijpels
authors.forename: Henk M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: van der Ploeg
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Heine
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Snoek
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009341:Negativism; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012649:Self Concept; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose