title: Transit bus operator performance and attitudes toward a collision warning system: results of a simulator experiment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This article discusses the results of a simulator experiment to examine the efficacy of a collision warning system for transit bus operators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bus operators from a major metropolitan transit agency were assigned to one of three conditions: a collision warning system with a visual-only driver-vehicle interface, a collision warning system with a visual and auditory driver-vehicle interface, or no collision warning system (baseline). Operators were exposed to a critical event at the end of the simulation, in which a vehicle suddenly stopped in front of the bus while the operator was distracted by an in-vehicle task. Upon completing the experiment, operators who used the collision warning system were asked about their experience using the system, as well as whether or not they would like such a system in real life.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental results revealed new information about transit bus operator performance, but indicated no statistically significant differences among the three conditions. Subjective data indicated that operators had a positive attitude toward collision warning system usage. Operators generally liked the collision warning system and felt that a system such as the one used in the experiment would help them in avoiding crashes in the real world.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that a collision warning system for transit bus operators is feasible from the perspective of user acceptance. However, several technical areas still need to be resolved.
authors.affiliation: Foster-Miller, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, USA. sreinach@foster-miller.com
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Reinach
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Everson
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001290:Attitude; D001307:Auditory Perception; D001334:Automobile Driving / Q000523:psychology*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D006801:Humans; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D014505:Urban Population; D014584:User-Computer Interface; D014796:Visual Perception