title: Predictors of remission after electroconvulsive therapy in unipolar major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective biological treatment for major depression. However, there is little agreement about clinically useful predictors of acute ECT outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether age, sex, burden of comorbid physical illness, age at onset, history of recurrence, episode duration, chronic depression or comorbid dysthymia, melancholic features, episode severity, and medication resistance are predictors of remission after an acute course of ECT.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed an analysis using data gathered prospectively in 328 patients with unipolar major depression (according to Research Diagnostic Criteria) treated with ECT. The study was conducted from 1993 through 1999. Patients had a pretreatment score of 21 or higher on the 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Treatment history was assessed using the Antidepressant Treatment History Form. Remission was defined as a 24-item HAM-D score of 10 or less and a 60% or more relative reduction of the HAM-D score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On univariate logistic regression, statistically significant predictors of nonremission were chronic depression/dysthymia, medication resistance, longer episode duration, and younger age. On backward elimination logistic regression, only medication resistance (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.05 to 2.67) and chronic depression/ dysthymia (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.06 to 3.21) were statistically significant predictors of nonremission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with major depression, lower rates of remission after acute ECT are associated with medication resistance and chronicity, but not with age or burden of physical illness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Alexandre Y
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Dombrovski
authors.forename: Benoit H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Mulsant
authors.forename: Roger F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Haskett
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prudic
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Begley
authors.forename: Harold A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Sackeim
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D015897:Comorbidity; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004565:Electroconvulsive Therapy; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011619:Psychotropic Drugs / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011619:Psychotropic Drugs