title: Magnetic resonance imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in Sprague-Dawley rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is able to induce various benign and malignant liver lesions in rats with a high success rate and a low mortality rate. It provides a more appropriate model that better simulates the various lesions occurring in humans than the usual model of tumor implantations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate MRI liver examination in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats as a routine method to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) nodules induced by DENA and to follow up their growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hepatic carcinogenesis was induced in 80 male SD rats using oral DENA solution. All animals were imaged for liver tumor detection with a 1.5 Tesla magnet (Siemens Sonata, Erlangen, Germany) using correspondence scan parameters and a radio-frequency knee coil. Macroscopic examinations were performed along the axial MRI sections to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, and histopathological assessment was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No false negative results were obtained on MR images. Hepatic tumors in 72 rats were confirmed macroscopically and 68 rats were detected by MRI till the 20th week. The smallest and the largest nodules detected by MRI were 2 mm and 37 mm in diameter respectively. The agreement rate of MRI with macroscopic observation was 39.1% and 97.4% respectively for 2 mm to 5 mm and more than 5 mm nodules.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The hepatic tumor induced by DENA provides a more representative range of tumors for imaging diagnosis and interventional treatment. MRI is the best approach for scrutinizing pathological changes of rat livers in the period of observation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiang-Ping
authors.initials: XP
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Yong-Song
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Yi-Xiang J
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D000818:Animals; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000477:Alkylating Agents; D004052:Diethylnitrosamine