title: The use of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to study the pathogenesis of various Newcastle disease virus strains and recombinants in embryonated chicken eggs.
abstract: Avian paramyxovirus type 1, commonly referred to as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is a serious pathogen of significant economic importance to the industry. To investigate the role of the fusion (F), hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN), and (P) phosphoprotein gene sequences in virulence, six strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) representing all pathotypes and seven recombinant strains created by reverse genetics were inoculated into 9-day-old chicken embryos. Tissues and chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) were harvested at 24-hour intervals post-inoculation. Riboprobe in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry highlighted distinct tissue tropisms among the viruses. Presence of F and/or HN from virulent viruses inserted into lentogenic backbones caused dissemination of virus in a manner similar to wild type virulent viruses. Disruption of P gene decreased dissemination of velogeinic infectious clones. It is concluded that each of these genes contributes to pathogenicity.
authors.affiliation: Veterinary Medicine Graduate School, University of Santa Maria, Brazil.
authors.forename: Ivomar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oldoni
authors.forename: Corrie C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Siba
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Samal
authors.forename: Bruce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Seal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000821:virology*; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane / Q000821:virology; D015707:HN Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D009521:Newcastle Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D009522:Newcastle disease virus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D015707:HN Protein; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014760:Viral Fusion Proteins