title: Anthropometric characteristics, dietary patterns and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Vietnam.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of anthropometric characteristics and dietary patterns on Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Vietnam.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from 144 subjects (9m/39f newly diagnosed diabetics; 18m/78f control subjects) were analyzed in this case-control study. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and percent body fat were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall on three non-consecutive weekdays. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of plasma glucose, fructosamine, protein and lipid concentrations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Although the body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) was similar between diabetic and control subjects, diabetic subjects had significantly greater percent body fat (31.1 +/- 5.8% vs. 27.7 +/- 6.2%) and waist-hip ratios (WHR, 0.91 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.86 +/- 0.08). Diabetic subjects had higher intakes of protein (p < 0.01), especially animal protein (p < 0.001), and consumed more meat (p < 0.01) than control subjects. Percent body fat and WHR were positively associated with diabetes (odds ratios [OR] 1.53 [95%CI 1.29-1.79] and 1.09 [95% CI 0.89-1.58], respectively) as were protein intake (OR 1.21 [95% CI 1.12-1.31]) and animal protein intake (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.10-1.26]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that percent body fat and WHR are risk factors associated with diabetes even when the BMI is normal. Evolving dietary patterns with increasingly more protein and meat consumption may also contribute to the deterioration of glucose metabolism among Vietnamese people.
authors.affiliation: Applied Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima City 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Le Nguyen Trung
authors.initials: le NT
authors.lastname: Duc Son
authors.forename: Tran Thi Minh
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Hanh
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusama
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kunii
authors.forename: Tohru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: Nguyen Thi Kim
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001824:Body Constitution / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D014744:Vietnam / Q000453:epidemiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008055:Lipids; D019270:Fructosamine