title: A laboratory comparison of three imaging systems for image quality and radiation exposure characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To measure and compare the relationships between image quality and X-ray exposure for three types of intraoral imaging system (conventional film, phosphor plate system and CCD-based system).
  
  
  METHODS
  Kodak 'Insight' F-speed film, Digora FMX (phosphor plate system) and Visualix USB (CCD system) were used to produce series of radiographic images of two tooth-bearing jaw specimens (maxillary molar and mandibular molar regions) at a range of X-ray exposures from 10 ms to 2000 ms (all at 6 mA and 60 kV). Digital images were viewed from a computer monitor and films viewed on a conventional light box. Five observers scored each image using a five-point subjective image quality scale (0-4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Optimum image quality (4) was seen for conventional film. Neither digital system achieved this score at any exposure, achieving in both cases a maximum mean score of 3.1 (adequate visualization). The two digital systems, however, provided adequate visualization at substantially lower exposure times. Dose reduction over conventional film for maximum quality images with Visualix USB was 20%, but for Digora FMX it was 70%. All three systems gave acceptable (quality score of two or higher) images over a broad range of exposures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In terms of subjective image quality, F-speed film performed better than the two digital systems, but this must be weighed against the ability of the two digital systems to give adequate image quality at lower radiation doses.
authors.affiliation: School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bhaskaran
authors.forename: A J E
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Qualtrough
authors.forename: V E
authors.initials: VE
authors.lastname: Rushton
authors.forename: H V
authors.initials: HV
authors.lastname: Worthington
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Horner
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007568:Jaw / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008963:Molar; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000379:methods*; D019252:Radiography, Dental, Digital; D014962:X-Ray Film