title: Minimal access surgical techniques in the management of the painful lumbar motion segment.
abstract: METHODS
  Review article.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To provide an overview of current minimally invasive lumbar fusion techniques.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive lumbar fusion techniques have only recently been developed. The goals of these procedures are to reduce approach-related soft tissue injury while allowing the surgery to be conducted in an effective manner. METHODS.: Pertinent literature and the authors' clinical experience are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Minimally invasive techniques have been developed for intertransverse process, posterior lumbar interbody, and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusions. The indications, advantages, and disadvantages of each technique are described. It is emphasized that while they appear promising, the clinical results of these techniques remain preliminary with few long-term studies available for critical review.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preliminary clinical evidence suggests that minimally invasive lumbar fusion techniques will benefit patients with spinal disorders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Foley
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000601:surgery*; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000601:surgery*; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D009068:Movement; D013123:Spinal Fusion / Q000379:methods*