Congestive heart failure in chronic kidney disease: disease-specific mechanisms of systolic and diastolic heart failure and management.
There is a high burden of cardiac disease in the CKD population. Severe LVH, dilated cardiomyopathy, and coronary artery disease occur frequently and result in the manifestations of CHF,which is probably more important with respect to prognosis than symptomatic. Multiple risk factors for CVD include traditional risk factors and those unique to the CKD population. Furthermore, the distinctive aspects of CKD patients sometimes warrant special consideration in making management decisions. Nonetheless, interventions such as controlling hypertension, specific pharmacologic options, lifestyle modification, anemia management, and early nephrology referral are recommended when appropriate.
Curtis
Bryan M
BM
Division of Nephrology and Clinical Epidemiology Unit Patient Research Centre, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3V6, Canada. bcurtis@mun.ca
Parfrey
Patrick S
PS
D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012307:Risk Factors