title: Kar3 interaction with Cik1 alters motor structure and function.
abstract: Kar3, a kinesin-14 motor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae required for mitosis and karyogamy, reportedly interacts with Cik1, a nonmotor protein, via its central, predicted coiled coil. Despite this, neither Kar3 nor Cik1 homodimers have been observed in vivo. Here we show that Kar3 is a dimer in vitro by analytical ultracentrifugation. The motor domains appear as paired particles by rotary-shadow electron microscopy (EM) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of the nonmotor region shows characteristics of helical structure, typical of coiled coils. Remarkably, the Kar3/Cik1 nonmotor region shows greater helicity by CD analysis and rotary-shadow EM reveals a stalk joined to one large or two smaller particles. The highly helical Kar3/Cik1 nonmotor region and visible stalk indicate that dimerization with Cik1 causes structural changes in Kar3. The Cik1 and Kar3 stalk regions preferentially associate with one another rather than forming homodimers. Kar3/Cik1 moves on microtubules at 2-2.4 microm min(-1), 2-5-fold faster than Kar3, and destabilizes microtubules at the lagging ends. Thus, structural changes in Kar3 upon dimerization with Cik1 alter the motor velocity and likely regulate Kar3 activity in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Hsiao Mei Annie
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Mikyung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sage
authors.forename: Hee-Won
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Sharyn A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Endow
mesh_terms: D002942:Circular Dichroism; D019281:Dimerization; D015870:Gene Expression; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008868:Microtubule Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D008870:Microtubules / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: C076025:CIK1 protein, S cerevisiae; C063504:KAR3 protein, S cerevisiae; D008868:Microtubule Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins