title: Establishment of NOD-Pdcd1-/- mice as an efficient animal model of type I diabetes.
abstract: Mice deficient in programmed cell death 1 (PD-1, Pdcd1), an immunoinhibitory receptor belonging to the CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 family, spontaneously develop lupus-like autoimmune disease and autoimmune dilated cardiomyopathy on C57BL/6 and BALB/c backgrounds, respectively. However, how PD-1 deficiency induces different forms of autoimmune diseases on these two strains was unknown. Here, we report that PD-1 deficiency specifically accelerates the onset and frequency of type I diabetes in NOD (nonobese diabetic) mice, with strong T helper 1 polarization of T cells infiltrating into islets. These results suggest that PD-1 deficiency accelerates autoimmune predisposition of the background strain, leading to the induction of different forms of autoimmune diseases depending on the genetic background of the strain. Using NOD-Pdcd1-/- mice as an efficient animal model of type I diabetes, we screened diabetes-susceptible loci by genetic linkage analysis. The diabetic incidence of NOD-Pdcd1-/- mice was controlled by five genetic loci, including three known recessive loci [Idd (insulin-dependent diabetes) 1, Idd17, and Idd20] and two previously unidentified dominant loci [Iddp (Idd under PD-1 deficiency) 1 and Iddp2].
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nakaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hiai
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Tasuku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D017353:Gene Deletion; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D015994:Incidence; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor