title: The primacy of work and fathering preterm infants: findings from an interpretive phenomenological study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To improve our understanding of fathers of preterm infants by examining their meanings of work and exploring the impact of their work on their early transition to fatherhood.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample included 9 white fathers between the ages of 22 and 40 years, who had infants born between 25 and 32 weeks gestation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report explores one theme that emerged from a broader interpretive phenomenological study. Fathers were interviewed 6 to 8 times over a 6-month period, beginning within 1 month of the birth of their infant and continuing after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. Interview guides were used only to initiate conversation; probing, clarifying questions helped fathers provide detailed stories of what they did, thought, and felt about specific situations. Transcriptions of all 63 interviews were treated as meaningful text and analyzed using interpretive methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fathers' narratives revealed the primacy of work in their lives; work remained a pivotal focus even after an early birth. Fathers returned to work quickly after their infant's birth. They approached their work with a renewed sense of fervor in order to provide financially for their families. They found comfort in their work because in the work setting they felt that they were the experts, as opposed to feeling like novices in the NICU. The most stressful aspect of the experience was juggling their time between work and the outside world.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fathers may respond to the experience of having a premature infant very differently from mothers. Because fathers' stressors often lie outside the NICU, their stressors may be invisible to healthcare providers. A deeper understanding of fathering must consider the social, familial, and historical processes that shape fathering practices.
authors.affiliation: Maryville University, Saint Louis, Mo, USA. spohlman@maryville.edu
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pohlman
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D005219:Father-Child Relations; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D036301:Qualitative Research; D012380:Role; D017748:Time Management / Q000379:methods; D014937:Work / Q000523:psychology*