title: Impaired female sexual behavior of rat offspring exposed to Solanum lycocarpum unripe fruits during gestation and lactation: lack of hormonal and fertility alterations.
abstract: Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil (Solanaceae) is an invasive and native shrub very common in the Brazilian savanna. It is well known that this plant contain steroidal glycoalkaloids that can be transformed into an intermediate for steroidal drugs production, like oral contraceptives. In this way, it is very possible that these glycoalkaloids and its aglycone, once in the body by ingestion of S. lycocarpum fruits, may act disrupting to the endocrine system. Rat offspring were exposed to S. lycocarpum unripe fruits (10% in the diet) from gestational day (GD) 06 to post-natal day (PND) 07. The female exposed offspring showed, at adult age (PND 100), impaired sexual behavior. However, the fecal hormonal metabolite levels, measured at PND 30, PND 60 and PND 90, and the fertility (PND 120) of male and female experimental offspring were normal. We can assume that the steroidal glycoalkaloids, solamargine and solasodine, present in the fruit, are degradated, once inside the organism, to the steroidal alkaloid solasodine, which may penetrate, by simple diffusion, the placental and/or the hematoencephalical barriers and impact the fetuses. Finally, S. lycocarpum fruit may act as phytohormones, promoting perhaps some neural alterations that at adult age may impair the sexual behavior of the experimental female without impairing the fertility and sexual hormone synthesis. These changes observed can be the direct consequence of the toxic actions of the steroidal alkaloid on the female offspring during fetal development.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação, Departamento de Toxicologia e Análises Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: Aline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Erika C G
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Felippe
authors.forename: Maria M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Helenice S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Spinosa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000187:drug effects; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D007774:Lactation; D008297:Male; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D011374:Progesterone / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012737:Sex Factors; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D032322:Solanum; D013739:Testosterone / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D028321:Plant Preparations; D012991:Solanaceous Alkaloids; C026609:beta-solamarine; D013739:Testosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; C012037:solasodine