title: Expression of Jak3, STAT1, STAT4, and STAT6 in inflammatory arthritis: unique Jak3 and STAT4 expression in dendritic cells in seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Modulation of Jak-STAT signalling may provide an effective therapeutic strategy in inflammatory arthritis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document Jak-STAT expression in a cohort of patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), spondyloarthritis (SpA), and osteoarthritis (OA) and compare these subsets with normal synovial tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Synovial tissue biopsy specimens from patients with RA, OA, and SpA and histologically normal tissue (n = 10 in each arthritis group) were examined for the presence of Jak3, STAT1, STAT4, and STAT6 expression using immunohistochemistry. Phenotyping was performed using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Clinical and serological characteristics of patients with RA expressing Jak3-STAT4 were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  STAT1, STAT4, and Jak3 protein expression was generally increased in inflammatory arthritis. In contrast, STAT6 expression was relatively heterogeneous. A subpopulation of CD1a positive dendritic cells unique to seropositive patients with RA was detected. These cells showed intense protein expression for Jak3, STAT4, and STAT6.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD1a positive dendritic cells intensely express Jak3, STAT4, and STAT6 in seropositive RA tissue and may be an alternative marker for dendritic cells in their early stages of activation as well as providing a tool for identifying RA at the level of the synovium. Jak3 inhibition may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent dendritic cell maturation in RA. STAT1 expression is increased in inflammatory arthritis, suggesting that its pro-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects cannot effectively counteract inflammation. STAT6 expression is heterogeneous in synovium, suggesting a possible homoeostatic role in addition to any anti-inflammatory effects.
authors.affiliation: Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Rd, Daw Park 5041 South Australia. Jenny.Walker@rgh.sa.gov.au
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ahern
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Coleman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weedon
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Papangelis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Beroukas
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Roberts-Thomson
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018949:Antigens, CD1 / Q000276:immunology*; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D053616:Janus Kinase 3; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis*; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis*; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor / Q000032:analysis; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018949:Antigens, CD1; C419393:CD1a antigen; D050794:STAT1 Transcription Factor; D050797:STAT4 Transcription Factor; D050800:STAT6 Transcription Factor; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; C507933:JAK3 protein, human; D053616:Janus Kinase 3