title: Computer simulations of sympatric speciation in a simple food web.
abstract: Galapagos finches, have motivated much theoretical research aimed at understanding the processes associated with the formation of the species. Inspired by them, in this paper we investigate the process of sympatric speciation in a simple food web model. For that we modify the individual-based Penna model that has been widely used to study aging as well as other evolutionary processes. Initially, our web consists of a primary food source and a single herbivore species that feeds on this resource. Subsequently we introduce a predator that feeds on the herbivore. In both instances we manipulate directly a basal resource distribution and monitor the changes in the populations. Sympatric speciation is obtained for the top species in both cases, and our results suggest that the speciation velocity depends on how far up, in the food chain, the focus population is feeding. Simulations are done with three different sexual imprinting-like mechanisms, in order to discuss adaptation by natural selection.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Campus da Praia Vermelha, RJ, Brazil. karenluz@if.uff.br
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Luz-Burgoa
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dell
authors.forename: S Moss
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D003198:Computer Simulation; D017753:Ecosystem; D046369:Finches / Q000502:physiology*; D020387:Food Chain; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D016011:Normal Distribution; D009991:Oscillometry; D010641:Phenotype; D011157:Population Dynamics; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors