title: Thermodynamics of the self-gravitating ring model.
abstract: We present the phase diagram, in both the microcanonical and the canonical ensemble, of the self-gravitating-ring (SGR) model, which describes the motion of equal point masses constrained on a ring and subject to 3D gravitational attraction. If the interaction is regularized at short distances by the introduction of a softening parameter, a global entropy maximum always exists, and thermodynamics is well defined in the mean-field limit. However, ensembles are not equivalent and a phase of negative specific heat in the microcanonical ensemble appears in a wide intermediate energy region, if the softening parameter is small enough. The phase transition changes from second to first order at a tricritical point, whose location is not the same in the two ensembles. All these features make of the SGR model the best prototype of a self-gravitating system in one dimension. In order to obtain the stable stationary mass distribution, we apply an iterative method, inspired by a previous one used in 2D turbulence, which ensures entropy increase and, hence, convergence towards an equilibrium state.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Physique, UMR-CNRS 5672, ENS Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cédex 07, France.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tatekawa
authors.forename: Freddy
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bouchet
authors.forename: Thierry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dauxois
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ruffo