title: Raloxifene increases serum leptin levels in postmenopausal women: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of raloxifene on leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I levels and their relation with the biochemical markers of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four women were given 60 mg/d raloxifene for 6 months. Serum leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, osteocalcin, and collagen type I cross-link C-telopeptide levels were measured before and after the treatment. The patients were grouped as obese (body mass index, > or =25 kg/m2) or non-obese (body mass index, <25 kg/m2).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean basal leptin level was significantly higher (P < .001), and the mean cross-link C-telopeptide level was significantly lower (P = .001) in obese patients. Raloxifene therapy increased leptin levels (P < .001) and decreased insulin-like growth factor-I, alkaline phosphatase, and cross-link C-telopeptide levels significantly (P < .001). There was a strong negative correlation between leptin and cross-link C-telopeptide (r = -0.703; P < .001). Insulin-like growth factor-I was not correlated with any parameter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raloxifene increases serum leptin levels while decreasing bone resorption in postmenopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: Cemal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Posaci
authors.forename: Erbil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dogan
authors.forename: Sezer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caliskan
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guclu
authors.forename: Sabahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altunyurt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000517:prevention & control; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects; D003094:Collagen / Q000097:blood; D024042:Collagen Type I; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000032:analysis; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood; D010455:Peptides / Q000097:blood; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D024042:Collagen Type I; D020738:Leptin; D010455:Peptides; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D003094:Collagen; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase