title: Prevalence and burden of self-reported blindness, low vision, and visual impairment in the French community: a nationwide survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the prevalence of self-reported visual impairment and its association with disabilities, handicaps, and socioeconomic consequences.
  
  
  METHODS
  A national survey was conducted on a random stratified sample of 359 010 French citizens living in the community; 21 760 subjects were selected at random and 16 945 persons (78%) agreed to further questioning. Four thousand ninety-one randomly selected caregivers were interviewed. Four subgroups of subjects were defined (blind or light perception only, low vision or still have form perception, other visual problems, and no visual problems). These were compared after adjustment for age, comorbidity, and household size differences.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of blindness was 0.10% and of low vision, 1.94%. Subjects with blindness needed assistance with daily activities more often than subjects with no visual problems; they also needed more house modifications. Many subjects with blindness (46.8%) and subjects with low vision (29.0%) were registered for social allowances. Subjects with blindness had fewer paid activities (4.5%) than subjects with no visual problems (20.7%). Social allowances increased considerably (by 277) between those with low vision and those with blindness. Monthly household incomes were lower (P<.001) for subjects with low vision (1255) and blindness (1587) than for subjects with no visual problems (1851).
  
  
  METHODS
  Collected data included social demography, home description, household income, handicaps, disabilities, social allowances, and daily activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results demonstrate associations between self-reported visual impairment and daily living.
authors.affiliation: Service d'ophtalmologie, Université Paris-Descartes, Faculté de Médicine, Hôpital Cochin, Université Paris 5, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris CEDEX 14, France. antoine.brezin@cch.ap-hop-paris.fr
authors.forename: Antoine Pierre
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Brézin
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lafuma
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fagnani
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mesbah
authors.forename: Gilles
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berdeaux
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001766:Blindness / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012650:Self Disclosure; D015354:Vision, Low / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D019987:Persons with Visual Disabilities / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*