title: Process utility from providing informal care: the benefit of caring.
abstract: Though economics is usually outcome-oriented, it is often argued that processes matter as well. Utility is not only derived from outcomes, but also from the way this outcome is accomplished. Providing care on a voluntary basis may especially be associated with such process utility. In this paper, we discuss the process utility from providing informal care. We test the hypothesis that informal caregivers derive utility not only from the outcome of informal care, i.e. that the patient is adequately cared for, but also from the process of providing informal care. We present empirical evidence of process utility on the basis of a large sample of Dutch caregivers (n=950). We measure process utility as the difference in happiness between the current situation in which the care recipient is cared for by the caregiver and the hypothetical situation that someone else takes over the care tasks, all other things equal. Other background characteristics on patient and caregiver characteristics, objective and subjective caregiver burden and quality of life are also presented and related to process utility. Our results show that process utility exists and is substantial and therefore important in the context of informal care. Almost half of the caregivers (48.2%) derive positive utility from informal care and on average happiness would decline if informal care tasks were handed over to someone else. Multivariate regression analysis shows that process utility especially relates to caregiver characteristics (age, gender, general happiness, relation to patient and difficulties in performing daily activities) and subjective caregiver burden, whereas it also depends on the number of hours of care provided (objective burden). These results strengthen the idea of supporting the use of informal care, but also that of keeping a close eye on the position of carers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management and Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. brouwer@bmg.eur.nl
authors.forename: Werner B F
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: N Job A
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: van Exel
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: Geertruidis A M
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van den Bos
authors.forename: Marc A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Koopmanschap
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D017281:Cost of Illness; D036262:Empirical Research; D005260:Female; D006701:Home Nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D009426:Netherlands; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires