Suicides and suicide ideation in the Bible: an empirical survey.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review is to summarize all data on suicidal behaviour reported in the Bible and to discuss basic implications for medical ethical positions.


METHODS
All books of the Jerusalem Bible, including the apocrypha accepted in the Catholic canon, were searched for all cases of suicide, attempted suicide and suicidal ideation clearly identifiable as such.


RESULTS
The Bible including the apocrypha reports about 10 completed suicides and 11 cases of suicide attempt or ideation. The Bible considers human life as a divine gift but suicide per se is neither condemned nor approved. Those suffering from suicidal thoughts are treated with respect and support is offered.


CONCLUSIONS
Theological teaching on suicide was influenced for centuries by the biased negative opinion of the early fathers of the church and scholastic savants, but these opinions are not substantiated by a thorough reading of the Bible.
Koch
H J
HJ
University of Regensburg, Bezirksklinikum Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 84, Regensburg, Germany. horst.koch@medbo.de
D001633:Bible; D036262:Empirical Research; D006801:Humans; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology*; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D028725:Theology