title: Can cephalometric indices and subjective evaluation be consistent for facial asymmetry?
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry and seven cephalometric indices. Ten orthodontists subjectively evaluated the frontal photographs of 100 subjects and categorized them into three categories, ie, category I--symmetrical view; category II--a little asymmetry not requiring treatment; and category III--marked asymmetry requiring treatment. Seven indices that were used to evaluate facial asymmetry were determined using frontal cephalographs of these patients. Interobserver agreement was assessed using Cohen's kappa statistic. Agreement among the observers for category III was higher than for categories I and II. To define the characteristics of each category, the cephalometric indices, which at least eight observers agreed on, were compared between the categories. No differences were found in any of the indices between categories I and II. Five indices showed differences between category III and the other categories. Among them, the distance of Me from the vertical reference line was the most relevant index for the subjective evaluation of facial asymmetry. When a discrepancy is found between skeletal measurements and a subjective evaluation, the influence of soft tissue structures should be considered in facial asymmetry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masuoka
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Momoi
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ariji
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawa
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: Shigemi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Eiichiro
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ariji
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002648:Child; D005146:Facial Asymmetry / Q000145:classification* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D023861:Photography, Dental; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric