title: Cognitive status, depressive symptoms, and health status as predictors of functional disability among elderly persons with low-to-moderate education: The Faenza Community Aging Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors examined the impact of very early dementia and symptoms of depression on functional disability in a community-based group of 216 elderly people with low-to-moderate education level.
  
  
  METHODS
  The combined effect of very early dementia and symptoms of depression on functional disability was assessed with a logistic-regression model in which functional disability was the dependent variable. The same model was repeated with each item on the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living scale as the dependent variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Very early dementia alone was strongly associated with functional disability, and this association tripled in subjects with both very early dementia and symptoms of depression. In fact, whereas subjects with very early dementia had an 11-fold higher risk than normal persons for disability, subjects with both very early dementia and symptoms of depression showed a 37-fold higher risk for functional dependence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elderly people who suffer from very early dementia and who also have symptoms of depression are at very high risk for functional disability and have a great need for accurate diagnostic assessment. If confirmed, the results are relevant for prevention because people who suffer from very early dementia and have symptoms of depression may be a suitable target group for intervention before the development of severe disability.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Univ. of Bologna, Viale Carlo Pepoli 5, 40123 Bologna, Italy. deronchi@alma.unibo.it
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: De Ronchi
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bellini
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berardi
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serretti
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dalmonte
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011159:Population Surveillance