title: Trends in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in family physician-referred uninvestigated dyspeptic patients in Hong Kong.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Peptic ulcer disease is mainly caused by Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the trends in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in uninvestigated dyspeptic patients over recent years in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from consecutive patients with uninvestigated dyspeptic symptoms referred by family physicians for open access upper endoscopy during 1997 and 2003 were analysed in relation to peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 2700 patients included, 405 (15%) had peptic ulcer disease and 14 (0.5%) had gastric cancer. There was a reduced trend from 1997 to 2003 in the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease (17, 20, 14, 16, 13, 14 and 14%, respectively, chi2 = 5.80, P = 0.016) (mainly because of decrease in duodenal ulcers), H. pylori infection (44, 50, 49, 44, 40, 40, 36 and 43%, respectively, chi2 = 13.55, P < 0.001) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (13, 5, 5, 6, 3, 4, 4 and 5% respectively, chi2 = 13.61, P < 0.001). The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease, H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use between 2001 and 2003 were significantly lower than that between 1997 and 2000 (17% vs. 13%, OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.63-0.96, P = 0.020 for peptic ulcer disease; 47% vs. 39%, OR =0.72, 95% CI: 0.60-0.86, P < 0.001 for H. pylori infection; and 6% vs. 4%, OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39-0.82, P = 0.002 for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use). H. pylori infection was associated with both duodenal ulcer (OR = 15.87, 95% CI: 10.60-23.76, P < 0.001) and gastric ulcer (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 2.15-4.53, P < 0.001) whereas non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use was only associated with gastric ulcer (OR = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.70-5.20, P < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of peptic ulcer disease, mainly duodenal ulcers, was reduced in association with a decreasing trend in the prevalence of H. pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use from 1997 to 2003.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Research Center of Digestive Diseases of Zhongnan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related Diseases, Wuhan University School of Medicine, China.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: H H X
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: F M Y
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: A O O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: B C Y
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D004415:Dyspepsia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012737:Sex Factors; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal