title: Heel ulcers don't heal in diabetes. Or do they?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To obtain information on outcome of heel ulcers in diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were recorded prospectively on all patients with heel ulcers who were referred to a specialist multidisciplinary clinic between 1 January 2000 and 30 November 2003. Outcomes were assessed on 31 March 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 157 heel ulcers in the patients referred in the period. Three ulcers were excluded from analysis because of associated osteomyelitis. Of 154 remaining ulcers (121 limbs; 97 patients, 55 male; mean age 68.5 +/- 12.8 sd years), 101 (65.6%) healed after a median (range) 200 (24-1225) days. Of 53 non-healed ulcers, 11 (7.1% of 154) were resolved by major amputation, 30 (19.5% of 154) were unhealed at time of patient's death, and 12 (7.8% of 154) remained unhealed. Ulcers healed in 59 of 97 affected patients (60.8%). Twenty-six patients (26.8% of 97) died during the period, of whom 20 died with ulcers unhealed. Worse outcomes were observed in larger ulcers (P = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test = 1883.5) and limbs with clinical evidence of peripheral arterial disease (P = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U-test = 1163.00). Backward step-wise logistic regression analysis showed 70.1% of healing could be predicted from these two baseline characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The common perception that 'heel ulcers don't heal' is not reflected in clinical practice. Outcome is generally favourable even in a population often affected by serious comorbidity and with limited life expectancy. These data can be used to help define management plans, as well as a basis for counselling of the individual patient.
authors.affiliation: Foot Ulcer Trials Unit, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK. schipchase@futu.co.uk
authors.forename: S Y
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Chipchase
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Treece
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pound
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Game
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Jeffcoate
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical; D017719:Diabetic Foot / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006365:Heel / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007511:Ischemia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000150:complications; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology