title: Thickening of the infarcted wall by collagen injection improves left ventricular function in rats: a novel approach to preserve cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We determined whether collagen implantation could thicken the infarcted left ventricular (LV) wall and improve LV function.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  We hypothesized that thickening the infarcted wall by using collagen might result in some benefits that are similar to what previously had been reported when the infarcted wall was thickened with cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fischer rats with one-week-old myocardial infarcts were injected with collagen or saline (100 microl) into the scar (n = 12 each group). Six weeks later, LV angiograms, hemodynamics, and regional myocardial blood flow were assessed. The hearts were processed for measurements of postmortem LV volume and histology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Collagen injection significantly increased scar thickness (719 +/- 26 microm) compared with the saline-treated group (440 +/- 34 microm, p = 2.6 x 10(-6)). By LV angiography, stroke volume was significantly larger in the collagen-treated group (163 +/- 8 microl) than in the saline-treated group (129 +/- 6 microl, p = 0.005), and LV ejection fraction was also greater in the collagen-treated group (48.4 +/- 1.8%) than in the saline-treated group (40.7 +/- 1.0%, p = 0.002). Analysis of regional wall motion demonstrated paradoxical systolic bulging in 5 of 10 saline-treated rats that averaged 20.3 +/- 2.6% of the LV diastolic circumference, but in none of the 11 collagen-treated rats (p = 0.012). The LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were 319 +/- 12 microl and 190 +/- 7 microl in the saline-treated group, respectively. There was a trend for larger LV end-diastolic volumes (343 +/- 23 microl), but smaller end-systolic volumes (180 +/- 16 microl) in the collagen-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that collagen injection thickens an infarct scar and improves LV stroke volume and ejection fraction, and prevents paradoxical systolic bulging after myocardial infarction.
authors.affiliation: The Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90017, USA.
authors.forename: Wangde
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Loren E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wold
authors.forename: Joan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Dow
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kloner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects*; D023421:Models, Animal; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen