title: Impact of vitamin E and C supplementation on serum adhesion molecules in chronic degenerative aortic stenosis: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An inflammatory component has been identified in degenerative aortic stenosis (AS). The combination of vitamins E and C has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the combination of vitamins C and E or vitamin C only on serum levels of cell adhesion molecules and C-reactive protein in patients with chronic degenerative AS, with or without concomitant coronary artery disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic moderate AS were randomized in 2:2:1 format in an open-label trial. Forty-one patients received vitamin E (400 IU) and vitamin C (1000 mg) daily, 39 patients received vitamin C (1000 mg) only, and 20 patients were followed as controls. Serum intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), E selectin, P selectin, vascular-cellular adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), C-reactive protein, and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline and 6 months postsupplementation. Half of the patients from each of the 2 active groups were followed for further 6 months to determine any changes after cessation of therapy. In the vitamin E and C, group there was reduction in serum ICAM-1 (298 +/- 12 to 272 +/- 12 ng/mL at 6 months, P = .0015) with a return to base line 6 months after cessation of therapy. In the vitamin C only group, there was a reduction in serum P selectin (134 +/- 10 to 118 +/- 10 ng/mL at 6 months, P = .033). All the inflammatory markers were unchanged in control group over 6 months of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vitamin E and C supplementation had modest anti-inflammatory effect in chronic degenerative AS. The clinical relevance of this would require further clarification.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Muhammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tahir
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pate
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Crean
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Nuala
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: McCarroll
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Walsh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D014810:Vitamin E; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D001205:Ascorbic Acid