title: The roles of Chk 1 and Chk 2 in hypoxia and reoxygenation.
abstract: Both Chk 1 and Chk 2 are critically important checkpoint kinases. Chk 1 is an essential gene that is required for normal cell division and Chk 2 has been found to be mutated in an ever-growing list of human malignancies. Our recent studies indicate that both Chk 1 and Chk 2 have roles to play in the physiological stress of hypoxia/reoxygenation. Loss or inhibition of either kinase sensitizes cells to hypoxia/reoxygenation indicating that either or both could represent significant therapeutic targets.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical Sciences Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94303-5152, USA.
authors.forename: Ester M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Hammond
authors.forename: Rachel A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Freiberg
authors.forename: Amato J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Giaccia
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; D004249:DNA Damage; D016195:G2 Phase; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D011494:Protein Kinases; D064447:Checkpoint Kinase 2; C578634:CHEK2 protein, human; D000071877:Checkpoint Kinase 1; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C495153:RAD51 protein, human; D051135:Rad51 Recombinase; D010100:Oxygen