title: In vivo study to evaluate the protective effects of amifostine on radiation-induced damage of testis tissue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the early protective effects of amifostine against radiation-induced damage on rat testis tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty adult male Wistar rats were randomized to 4 groups: Saline solution was given to group A for control, 200 mg/kg amifostine (WR-2721) to group B, a single fraction of 6 Gy local irradiation to testes in group C and 200 mg/kg amifostine 15-30 min before 6 Gy testicular irradiation to group D. Animals were sacrificed 3 weeks after treatment and their testes were removed for macroscopic, microscopic and ultrastructural histopathological examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The weights, widths and lengths of testes in the last 3 groups had decreased significantly when compared with the control group, but the decrease in widths after irradiation was found to be significantly less only in the amifostine plus radiation group. There was a significant reduction of testis weights in relation to the individual body weights in the irradiated testes compared with the other groups (p < 0.005), while there was no significant change of testis weight/total body weight ratio in amifostine plus irradiation group. Spermatogonium A and primary spermatocyte counts were also less in the treatment groups, and primary spermatocyte numbers were significantly higher in amifostine plus radiation group when compared with radiation alone group (p < 0.005). Pretreatment with amifostine reduced the decrease of primary spermatocyte counts by a factor of 1.28. Electron microscopic analysis did not show any cytotoxic effect of amifostine alone, and furthermore, ultrastructural findings were normal with the addition of amifostine prior to irradiation, though there was damage in the radiation exposure group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Amifostine when given alone by itself appears to cause adverse alterations in testis tissue; however, it has a radioprotective effect on spermiogenetic cells when used prior to radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Ankara University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey. mnalca@medicine.ankara.edu.tr
authors.forename: Meltem Nalca
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Andrieu
authors.forename: Cengiz
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kurtman
authors.forename: Ayse
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hicsonmez
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozbilgin
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Esra
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Erdemli
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008297:Male; D008853:Microscopy; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012670:Seminiferous Epithelium / Q000528:radiation effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013076:Sperm Count; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology / Q000528:radiation effects*
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D004999:Amifostine