title: Effect of ethanol and red wine on ochratoxin a-induced experimental acute nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Ochratoxin A (OTA), is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin present in wine, which is nephrotoxic in humans. Our working hypothesis is that natural substances in wine may counteract OTA toxicity. Thirty-six rats were randomized to OTA dissolved in saline, red wine, or 13.5% ethanol or to OTA-free wine, ethanol, or saline. OTA (289 microg/kg of body weight/48 h) was administered by gastric gavage for 2 weeks. Serum creatinine, tubular enzymuria, renal lipohydroperoxides (LOOH), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, and renal superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) were determined in renal tissue. OTA alone produced significant increases in renal lipoperoxides and significant decreases in SOD and GSH/GSSG ratio. In red wine or ethanol, OTA was less nephrotoxic, reducing oxidative damage as revealed by LOOH. In OTA-wine and OTA-ethanol groups, SOD activity was higher than in the OTA-treated one, suggesting that both ethanol and nonalcoholic fractions may preserve antioxidant reserve. GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly preserved only in the OTA-wine group and not in OTA-ethanol. Red wine may exert a protective effect against OTA nephrotoxicity by limiting oxidative damage. The ostensible protection afforded by ethanol deserves further investigation.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Alberto A E
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Bertelli
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Migliori
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Filippi
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Gagliano
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donetti
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Panichi
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Scalori
authors.forename: Renzo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mannari
authors.forename: Jean-Paul
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tillement
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giovannini
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000818:Animals; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A; D000431:Ethanol; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione