title: Susceptibility trends of pseudomonas species from corneal ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the changing trends in the antibiotic susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp . isolated from bacterial keratitis over a nine year period with special emphasis on fluoroquinolone susceptibilities.
  
  
  METHODS
  All corneal scraping cultures positive for Pseudomonas spp. (n=585) isolated from patients with bacterial keratitis at the Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai from 1995-2003 were evaluated. Cultures were performed in liquid and solid media and susceptibility testing was done against amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp. was over 90% from 1995-1998 to ciprofloxacin which decreased to 83% from 1999-2003. The total number of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin was 51 (9.4%). No statistically significant increase in the number of isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin was noted. Ofloxacin showed 54% susceptibility from 1995-1998 but increased to 64% from 1999-2003. Analysis of in vitro activity of amikacin reveals that there was 43% sensitivity from 1995-1998 but later it increased to 76% from 1999-2003. In case of gentamicin, the sensitivity decreased marginally from 80% to 70% through the years. Tobramycin showed 45% sensitivity from 1995-1998 but increased to 75% from 1999-2003.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The fluoroquinolones remain a good choice in the treatment of ocular infections, with high susceptibility of Pseudomonas spp. Among the aminoglycosides, gentamicin was found to be highly effective against Pseudomonas corneal ulcers when compared to amikacin and tobramycin. The results show a need for continuous monitoring of bacterial resistance trends.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital and PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai - 625 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smitha
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lalitha
authors.forename: V N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Prajna
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents