title: Safety and efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream for the treatment of skin dysplasia in high-risk renal transplant recipients: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 5% imiquimod cream for cutaneous dysplasia in high-risk renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study comparing treated with control skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  A specialist organ transplant dermatology clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one high-risk patients with skin cancer with comparable areas of clinically atypical skin on dorsal hands or forearms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Imiquimod or placebo (randomly assigned) applied 3 times a week for 16 weeks to 1 dorsal hand or forearm, with 8 months of follow-up. At week 16, biopsy samples were collected from pre-assigned sites in the treatment and control areas and were examined for dysplasia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The proportion of patients showing reduced numbers of viral and keratotic lesions and reduced histological severity of dysplasia in the treatment vs control areas at week 16, serum creatinine levels, and tumors developing in the study sites.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients receiving imiquimod and 6 receiving placebo completed the study. Seven patients using imiquimod (1 taking placebo) had reduced skin atypia, 7 using imiquimod (none taking placebo) had reduced viral warts, and 5 using imiquimod (1 taking placebo) showed less dysplasia histologically. In 1 year, fewer squamous skin tumors arose in imiquimod-treated skin than in control areas. Renal function was not adversely affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Topical 5% imiquimod cream seems to be safe on skin areas up to 60 cm2 in renal transplant recipients. It may be effective in reducing cutaneous dysplasia and the frequency of squamous tumors developing in high-risk patients. Larger studies are required to confirm these results.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Cutaneous Research and Department of Dermatology, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, England.
authors.forename: Victoria L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Catherine L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Atkins
authors.forename: Lucy
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ghali
authors.forename: Rino
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cerio
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Harwood
authors.forename: Charlotte M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Proby
mesh_terms: D017255:Acitretin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000287:Administration, Topical; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000634:Aminoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077271:Imiquimod; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D007641:Keratolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009824:Ointments; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000634:Aminoquinolines; D007641:Keratolytic Agents; D009824:Ointments; D017255:Acitretin; D000077271:Imiquimod