title: Angiographic assessment of pial collaterals as a prognostic indicator following intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examines whether anatomic extent of pial collateral formation documented on angiography during acute thromboembolic stroke predicts clinical outcome and infarct volume following intra-arterial thrombolysis, compared with other predictive factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Angiograms, CT scans, and clinical information were retrospectively reviewed in 65 consecutive patients who underwent thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Clinical data included age, sex, time to treatment, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score on presentation of symptoms, NIHSS score at the time of hospital discharge, and modified Rankin scale score at time of hospital discharge. Site of occlusion, scoring of anatomic extent of pial collaterals before thrombolysis, and recanalization (complete, partial, or no recanalization) were determined on angiography. Infarct volume was measured on CT scans performed 24-48 hours after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three patients (82%) qualified for review. Both infarct volume and discharge modified Rankin scale scores were significantly lower for patients with better pial collateral scores than those with worse pial collateral scores, regardless of whether they had complete (P < .0001) or partial (P = .0095) recanalization. Adjusting for other factors, regression analysis models indicate that the infarct volume was significantly larger (P < .0001) and modified discharge Rankin scale score and discharge NIHSS score significantly higher for patients with worse pial collateral scores. Similarly, adjusting for other factors, the infarct volume was significantly lower (P = .0006) for patients with complete recanalization than patients with partial or no recanalization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Evaluation of pial collateral formation before thrombolytic treatment can predict infarct volume and clinical outcome for patients with acute stroke undergoing thrombolysis independent of other predictive factors. Thrombolytic treatment appears to have a greater clinical impact in those patients with better pial collateral formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Gregory A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Christoforidis
authors.forename: Yousef
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mohammad
authors.forename: Dimitris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kehagias
authors.forename: Bindu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avutu
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Slivka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000150:complications*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology; D003097:Collateral Circulation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010841:Pia Mater / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy