Actigraphy in patients with seasonal affective disorder and healthy control subjects treated with light therapy.
BACKGROUND
Abnormalities of the circadian rest-activity cycle are hypothesized to accompany the clinical picture of seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The purpose of this study was to investigate if bright light therapy (BLT) is able to reverse these disturbances.


METHODS
Seventeen SAD outpatients and 17 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were treated with BLT administered in the morning for 4 weeks. Activity levels were measured with wrist actigraphy.


RESULTS
SAD patients had 33% lower total (p = .031) and 43% lower daylight activity (p = .006) in week 1 compared with control subjects. The relative amplitude of the sleep-wake cycle was attenuated by 6% in patients (p = .025); they were phase delayed by 55 minutes (p = .023) and had significantly lower sleep efficiency (p = .030). Total (p = .002) and daylight activity (p = .001) increased after 4 weeks of treatment in SAD patients. Moreover, BLT led to increase of relative amplitude (p = .005), advance of delayed rhythms (p = .036), and improved sleep efficiency (p = .011) in patients. Intradaily stability, measuring the strength of coupling of the rhythm to external zeitgebers, increased by 9% both in patients and healthy control subjects (p = .032).


CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with BLT normalizes disturbed activity patterns and restores circadian rhythms in SAD patients. BLT might also stabilize the circadian rhythm in nondepressed individuals during the fall-winter season.
Winkler
Dietmar
D
Department of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. dietmar.winkler@meduniwien.ac.at
Pjrek
Edda
E
Praschak-Rieder
Nicole
N
Willeit
Matthäus
M
Pezawas
Lukas
L
Konstantinidis
Anastasios
A
Stastny
Jürgen
J
Kasper
Siegfried
S
D000204:Activity Cycles / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000528:radiation effects*; D010789:Phototherapy; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D016574:Seasonal Affective Disorder / Q000628:therapy*; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology