title: Long-term effects of finasteride on prostate specific antigen levels: results from the prostate cancer prevention trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies have shown that finasteride decreases prostate specific antigen (PSA) by approximately 50% during the first 12 months of use. We estimated the long-term effects of finasteride on PSA in men with and without a prostate cancer diagnosis at the end of the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed serial PSA in participants in the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial who had an end of study biopsy (928 with cancer and 8,620 with negative biopsy) or an interim diagnosis of prostate cancer (671). Linear mixed effects regression models were fit to longitudinal PSA values beginning 1 year after randomization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In subjects with no cancer in the end of study biopsy PSA in the finasteride arm showed a median annual decrease of 2% [corrected] after year 1, while PSA in the control arm showed an annual increase of 3% (p <0.001). In end of study cases PSA increased annually by 6% (placebo) and 7% (finasteride). In those with interim diagnoses PSA increased by 11% (placebo) and 15% (finasteride) each year prior to diagnosis. Cases with high grade disease (Gleason 7 and above) had greater PSA increases than cases with low grade disease (p <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In men who have been receiving finasteride for more than 1 year time varying adjustment factors may be needed to determine whether PSA is in the normal range. In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial cohort the adjustment factor required to preserve median PSA increased from 2 at 24 months to 2.5 at 7 years after the initiation of finasteride.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA. retzioni@fhcrc.org
authors.forename: Ruth D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Etzioni
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Howlader
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: Donna P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Ankerst
authors.forename: David F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Penson
authors.forename: Phyllis J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Goodman
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood*; D001706:Biopsy; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018120:Finasteride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D018120:Finasteride; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen