title: Left ventricular dysfunction in hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize left ventricular function in hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes and normal ejection fraction, and to relate these findings to pathogenic factors and clinical risk markers.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 70 hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with ejection fraction > 0.55 and fractional shortening > 0.25, all without any cardiac symptoms. Thirty-five non-diabetic subjects served as control subjects. Left ventricular longitudinal function was examined by tissue Doppler derived myocardial strain rate and peak systolic velocities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hypertensive patients with diabetes had a significantly higher systolic strain rate (-1.1 +/- 0.3 s(-1) vs. -1.6 +/- 0.3 s(-1), P < 0.001) and lower systolic peak velocities (3.3 +/- 1.0 vs. 5.6 +/- 1.0 cm/s, P < 0.001) compared with control subjects. Myocardial systolic strain rate correlated significantly to left ventricular mass (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) and to both HbA1c (r = 0.43, P < 0.01), and fructosamine (r = 0.40, P < 0.01), but was not related to serum levels of carboxymethyllysine, albuminuria, blood pressure (dipping/non-dipping), or oral hypoglycaemic therapy. Patients with diastolic dysfunction had significantly higher levels of urine albumin [21.0 (5-2500) mg/l, vs. 9.5 (1-360), P < 0.01], heart rate (78 +/- 13 vs. 67 +/- 10 b.p.m., P < 0.005), and seated diastolic blood pressure (85 +/- 6 vs. 81 +/- 7 mmHg, P < 0.05) and non-dipping diastolic blood pressure was more frequent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long axis left ventricular systolic function was significantly decreased in hypertensive patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and is associated with hyperglycaemia and left ventricular hypertrophy. Diastolic dysfunction was closely related to increased diastolic blood pressure, non-dipping and increased urinary albumin excretion.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M. (Diabetes and Endocrinology) Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark. holmark@ki.au.dk
authors.forename: N H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helleberg
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flyvbjerg
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Mogensen
mesh_terms: D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory / Q000379:methods; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003971:Diastole / Q000502:physiology; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D019270:Fructosamine / Q000097:blood; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013599:Systole / Q000502:physiology; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019270:Fructosamine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin