title: Modulation of multigene expression and proteome profiles by chemopreventive agents.
abstract: Analysis of transcriptome and proteome profiles by microarray technologies provides a formidable, new tool in cancer chemoprevention research. An ideal chemopreventive agent should not excessively alter per se the basal make-up of multigene expression and protein synthesis and should at the same time be able to attenuate alterations induced by risk factors. In order to validate this working hypothesis, we previously performed a series of studies in animal models using the thiol N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) and the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug sulindac. We report herein the results of new studies evaluating modulation of DNA adduct levels and expression of 4858 genes in lung and liver of Sprague-Dawley rats, either unexposed or exposed to environmental cigarette smoke (ECS). The tested chemopreventive agents included NAC, oltipraz (OPZ), 5,6-benzoflavone (5,6-BF), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and indole 3-carbinol (I3C). Combinations of OPZ with NAC and of PEITC with I3C were also assayed. Excepting OPZ, all treatments inhibited by at least 50% the formation of bulky DNA adducts in the lung of ECS-exposed rats. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis allowed us to classify the agents according to their influence on basal gene expression and their ability to attenuate ECS-induced transcriptome alterations. PEITC and I3C were the most effective but the least safe agents. 5,6-BF displayed intermediate patterns. OPZ was poorly effective in lung and considerably altered the basal gene expression in liver. NAC had a medium efficacy and was the safest agent, as also supported by the analysis of 518 proteins in rat lung.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, via A. Pastore 1, I-16132 Genoa, Italy. izzotti@unige.it
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Izzotti
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagnasco
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cartiglia
authors.forename: Mariagrazia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Longobardi
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Camoirano
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tampa
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lubet
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Flora
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020543:Proteome / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012906:Smoke; D013467:Sulindac / Q000494:pharmacology; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016588:Anticarcinogenic Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D020543:Proteome; D012906:Smoke; D013467:Sulindac; D000111:Acetylcysteine