title: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis reduces pregnancy loss in women aged 35 years and older with a history of recurrent miscarriages.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and transfer of euploid embryos would decrease spontaneous abortion rates in recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In vitro fertilization centers and PGD reference laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Recurrent-miscarriage patients with three or more prior lost pregnancies with no known etiology.
  
  
  METHODS
  Biopsy of a single blastomere from each day 3 embryo, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  The rate of spontaneous abortions in RM subjects undergoing PGD were compared with [1] their own a priori expectations and [2] a comparison group of women undergoing PGD for advanced maternal age (> or =35 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before PGD, RM patients had lost 87% (262/301) of their pregnancies, with an expected loss rate of 36.5%. After, they only lost 16.7% pregnancies. This difference was mostly due to reduction in pregnancy loss in the > or =35-years age subgroup, to 12% from an expected 44.5%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Preimplantation genetic diagnosis aneuploidy screening has a beneficial effect on pregnancy outcome in RM couples, especially those in which the woman is aged > or =35 years. Our data indicate that PGD reduces the risk of miscarriage in RM patients to baseline levels.
authors.affiliation: Reprogenetics, LLC, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA. munne@embryos.net
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Munné
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Pere
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Colls
authors.forename: Xuezong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Escudero
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Oter
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schoolcraft
authors.forename: Joe Leigh
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000026:Abortion, Habitual / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D004624:Embryo Transfer / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008423:Maternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data