title: Carotid stenting for impending carotid blowout: suitable supportive care for head and neck cancer patients?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Carotid blowout (CB) represents a dramatic end-of-life situation for palliative head and neck cancer patients, their relatives and caregivers. Recently, endovascular therapy has been proposed for head and neck surgical patients. Preliminary reports showed a better outcome with less morbidity compared to the previous treatment modalities. However, the specific use of such techniques for palliative head and neck cancer patients has not been previously described.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of two cases of head and neck cancer patients receiving palliative care, presenting with a CB, managed with endovascular stent placement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bleeding was effectively stopped by the procedure in both cases. Both patients developed a post-procedure thromboembolism, which was immediately treated by appropriate anticoagulation therapy. Neurological symptoms resolved within 24 hours allowing rapid hospital discharge. One patient died at home seven months later. The second patient is alive five months after the procedure. No recurrence of CB occurred in either patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endovascular stent placement for CB allows a rapid arrest of bleeding and permits the use of anticoagulation therapy in order to avoid long-term neurological injury. In our view, carotid stenting should be considered as valid supportive care for palliative head and neck patients presenting with a CB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. gauthier.desuter@clin.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Desuter
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: Q
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Gardiner
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grégoire
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Machiels
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamoir
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goffette
mesh_terms: D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome