title: Radiation protection guidelines for the practicing orthodontist.
abstract: This article summarizes the most recent (December 2003) dental x-ray guidelines from the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements report #145. The guidelines are intended for all dental health-care providers. They address radiation dose limits for occupational and nonoccupational exposure and radiation protection for operators, patients, and the public. Equipment design can play an important role in radiation protection, and recommendations from the guidelines are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Dental School, Newark, NJ, USA. m.mupparapu@umdnj.edu
authors.forename: Muralidhar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mupparapu
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D009970:Orthodontics; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011830:Radiation Effects; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation; D011861:Radiography, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic / Q000295:instrumentation; D014962:X-Ray Film