title: ADAM23, a possible tumor suppressor gene, is frequently silenced in gastric cancers by homozygous deletion or aberrant promoter hypermethylation.
abstract: Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH-array) has a powerful potential for high-throughput identification of genetic aberrations in cell genomes. We identified a homozygous loss of ADAM23 (2q33.3) in the course of a program to screen a panel of gastric cancer (GC) cell lines (1/32, 3.1%) for genomic copy-number aberrations using our custom-made CGH-array. Infrequent homozygous deletion of ADAM23 was also seen in primary gastric tumors (1/39, 2.6%). ADAM23 mRNA was expressed in normal stomach tissue, but not in the majority of GC cell lines without homozygous deletion of this gene. Expression of ADAM23 mRNA was restored to gene-silenced GC cells after treatment with 5-aza 2'-deoxycytidine. The methylation status of the ADAM23 CpG island, which showed promoter activity, correlated inversely with its expression. Methylation of this CpG island was observed both in GC cell lines and in primary GC tissues; in primary tumors with a hypermethylated CpG island, expression of ADAM23 was lower than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Moreover, restoration of ADAM23 in GC cells reduced their numbers in colony-formation assays. These results suggest that genetic or epigenetic silencing by hypermethylation of the ADAM23 CpG-rich promoter region leads to loss of ADAM23 function, which may be a factor in gastric carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Cytogenetics, Medical Research Institute and School of Biomedical Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takada
authors.forename: Issei
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Imoto
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsuda
authors.forename: Yukihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ichikura
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitsufuji
authors.forename: Fumie
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Setsuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirohashi
authors.forename: Misao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohki
authors.forename: Johji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Inazawa
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018899:CpG Islands; D019175:DNA Methylation; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020868:Gene Silencing; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051722:ADAM Proteins; C114633:ADAM23 protein, human