title: Is there cognitive decline 1 year after CABG? Comparison with surgical and nonsurgical controls.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is widely assumed that decline in cognition after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is related to use of the cardiopulmonary bypass pump. Because most studies have not included comparable control groups, it remains unclear whether postoperative cognitive changes are specific to cardiopulmonary bypass, general aspects of surgery, or vascular pathologies of the aging brain.
  
  
  METHODS
  This nonrandomized study included four groups: CABG patients (n = 140); off-pump coronary surgery (n = 72); nonsurgical cardiac controls (NSCC) with diagnosed coronary artery disease but no surgery (n = 99); and heart healthy controls (HHC) with no cardiac risk factors (n = 69). Subjects were evaluated at baseline (preoperatively), 3 months, and 12 months. Eight cognitive domains and a global cognitive score, as well as depressive and subjective symptoms were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At baseline, patients with coronary artery disease (CABG, off-pump, and NSCC) had lower performance than the HHC group in several cognitive domains. By 3 months, all groups had improved. From 3 to 12 months, there were minimal intrasubject changes for all groups. No consistent differences between the CABG and off-pump patients were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Compared with heart healthy controls (HHC), the groups with coronary artery disease had lower cognitive test scores at baseline. There was no evidence that the cognitive test performance of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients differed from that of control groups with coronary artery disease over a 1-year period. This study emphasizes the need for appropriate control groups for interpreting longitudinal changes in cognitive performance after CABG.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA. guy.mckhann@jhu.edu
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: McKhann
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grega
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Borowicz
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: S J E
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Barry
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Zeger
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Selnes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015984:Causality; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D035061:Control Groups; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006355:Heart-Lung Machine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D015983:Selection Bias; D013997:Time Factors