title: Investigation of neural progenitor cell induced angiogenesis after embolic stroke in rat using MRI.
abstract: Using MRI, we investigated dynamic changes of brain angiogenesis after neural progenitor cell transplantation in the living adult rat subjected to embolic stroke. Neural progenitor cells isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult rat were labeled by superparamagnetic particles and intracisternally transplanted into the adult rat 48 h after stroke (n = 8). Before and after the transplantation, an array of MRI parameters were measured, including high resolution 3D MRI and quantitative T1, T1sat (T1 in the presence of an off-resonance irradiation of the macromolecules of brain), T2, the inverse of the apparent forward transfer rate for magnetization transfer (kinv), cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), and blood-to-brain transfer constant (Ki) of Gd-DTPA. The von Willerbrand factor (vWF) immunoreactive images of coronal sections obtained at 6 weeks after cell transplantation were used to analyze vWF immunoreactive vessels. MRI measurements revealed that grafted neural progenitor cells selectively migrated towards the ischemic boundary regions. In the ischemic boundary regions, angiogenesis confirmed by an increase in vascular density and the appearance of large thin wall mother vessels was coincident with increases of CBF and CBV (CBF, P < 0.01; CBV, P < 0.01) at 6 weeks after treatment, and coincident with transient increases of K(i) with a peak at 2 to 3 weeks after cell therapy. Relative T1, T1sat, T2, and kinv decreased in the ischemic boundary regions with angiogenesis compared to that in the non-angiogenic ischemic region (T1, P < 0.01 at 6 weeks; T1sat, P < 0.05 at 2 to 6 weeks; T2, P < 0.05 at 3 to 6 weeks; kinvP < 0.05 at 6 weeks). Of these methods, Ki appear to be the most useful MR measurements which identify and predict the location and area of angiogenesis. CBF, CBV, T1sat, T1, T2, and kinv provide complementary information to characterize ischemic tissue with and without angiogenesis. Our data suggest that select MRI parameters can identify the cerebral tissue destined to undergo angiogenesis after treatment of embolic stroke with cell therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health Sciences Center, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. quan@neurnis.neuro.hfh.edu
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Zheng Gang
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Guang Liang
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Ewing
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: RuiLan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Lian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Mei
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: He
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Ali S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Arbab
authors.forename: Jiani
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Qing Jiang
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Siamak
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pourabdollah Nejad D
authors.forename: Hemanthkumar
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Athiraman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chopp
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D017352:Echo-Planar Imaging; D005295:Ferrocyanides; D005682:Gadolinium; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*; D020547:Lateral Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D010539:Permeability; D051381:Rats; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D020521:Stroke / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005295:Ferrocyanides; D005682:Gadolinium; C000170:ferric ferrocyanide