title: Selective staining of the internal limiting membrane using the sequential intraoperative instillation of whole blood followed by indocyanine green dye.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reduce the retention of indocyanine green (ICG) on the retina by selectively staining the internal limiting membrane (ILM) with whole blood during ICG-assisted ILM peeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interventional, non-comparative, prospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Autologous whole blood was applied to cover the macular area and selectively removed to expose the area needed to be stained. ICG solution (1 mg/ml) diluted in glucose 5% was used to selectively stain the macular area. The stained ILM was removed completely.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We studied 22 patients with macular holes, eight with macular pucker and four with diabetic macular edemas. The ILM was selectively stained successfully by ICG with whole blood. One month after surgery, we found no autofluorescence in the posterior pole by infrared-sensitive camera.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous whole blood can help to achieve the goal of selectively staining ILM, further reducing the retention of ICG. It may further reduce ICG toxic effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan, Taiwan. ccl404@cgmh.org.tw
authors.forename: Chi-Chun
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Wei-Chi
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Lan-Hsin
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Ling
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Jiahn-Shing
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tun-Lu
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001485:Basement Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D001769:Blood; D004396:Coloring Agents; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013194:Staining and Labeling / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007208:Indocyanine Green