title: Prognostic parameters other than Gleason score for the daily evaluation of prostate cancer in needle biopsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in prostate needle biopsies the usefulness and the efficacy of not time-consuming morphologic parameters in order to predict whether prostate cancer is organ-confined or it is not, that could contribute additional information to pre-surgical serum PSA and Gleason score, both of them parameters already accepted as clinically significant.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and two consecutive patients were evaluated, of whom a diagnostic needle biopsy and the radical prostatectomy specimen with no pre-surgical hormone therapy were available. Bilateral or unilateral extension, number of positive cores, percentage of positive cores, intraprostatic perineural invasion (IPNI) and the presence of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) in any of the biopsy cores were evaluated in the needle biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median of cores is 6. The IPNI, the presence of bilateral tumour, and the percentage of positive cores, higher than 37.5% (ROC curve), show significant crude OR (4.0, 2.8, 6.9 respectively). The regression model discloses that only the percentage of positive cores shows a significant OR (5.8) adjusting for bilaterality, IPNI, HGPIN and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The percentage of cores with cancer and the bilateral involvement are another two parameters predictive of cancer with extraprostatic extension. (p<0.0005 in both). IPNI has statistical significance too (p<0.002), but it is related to the tumour volume expressed through the two mentioned parameters.
authors.affiliation: Pathology Section, Fundació Puigvert, Calle Cartagena 340-350-08025, Barcelona, Spain. falgaba@fundacio-puigvert.es
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Algaba
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arce
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barandica
authors.forename: J M A
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Santaularia
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montañés
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D044963:Biopsy, Fine-Needle; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D047368:Tumor Burden
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen