title: DNA electroporation in vivo targets mature fibres in dystrophic mdx muscle.
abstract: Non-viral gene transfer into skeletal muscle is enhanced by electroporation and myotoxin preconditioning of muscle following plasmid injection. We investigated in vivo delivery of naked DNA to mdx mouse muscle, utilising enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter vector (pEGFP) and a corrective nucleic acid to promote targeted corrective gene conversion at the mutant mdx mouse dystrophin (DMDmdx) locus. Electroporation, myoablation with bupivacaine and a combined protocol, were applied to mdx muscle. We report up to 90% EGFP expression in electroporated mdx tibialis anterior muscle. Muscles preconditioned with bupivacaine showed low transgene expression with or without EP. Single EGFP+ve muscle fibre explants showed EGFP expression in mature fibres in preference to satellite cells. We observed a two-fold increase (P<0.005; t) in dystrophin protein, accompanied by wild-type (wt) DMD transcript in muscles injected with corrective nucleic acid over contralateral saline-injected TAs. By targeting the muscle fibres in preference to the satellite cells, plasmid-bourne transgenes delivered to dystrophic muscle will not penetrate the regenerative component of muscle. Whether in the context of targeted corrective gene conversion or therapeutic non-viral transgenes, under these conditions periodic re-administration will be required to promote phenotypic benefits in dystrophic muscle.
authors.affiliation: National Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Howard Florey Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
authors.forename: Sharon H A
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Kym N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Lowes
authors.forename: Anita F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Quigley
authors.forename: Rosetta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marotta
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kita
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Kornberg
authors.forename: Mark J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Robert M I
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Kapsa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D018274:Electroporation / Q000379:methods*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000473:pathology; D009137:Muscular Dystrophy, Animal / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000473:pathology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D004247:DNA