title: Mechanism and effect of thrombospondin-4 polymorphisms on neutrophil function.
abstract: High-throughput genomic technology identified an association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a proline (P387) rather than the predominant alanine (A387) at position 387 in thrombospondin-4 (TSP-4) and premature myocardial infarction. The inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis invokes a prominent role of leukocytes and cytokines in pathogenesis. As the expression of TSP-4 by vascular cells permits its exposure to circulating leukocytes, the interactions of human neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) with both TSP-4 variants were investigated. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs adhered and migrated well and equally on the TSP-4 variants. Integrin alpha(M)beta2 was identified as the TSP-4 receptor mediating these responses, and the 3 epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains of TSP-4 harboring the SNPs interacted with the alpha(M)I-domain. Despite the similarity in these responses, the P387 variant induced more robust tyrosine phosphorylation of the stress-related mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): p38MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) than the A387 variant. Additionally, cells adherent to P387 TSP-4 variant released 4-fold more H2O2 and secreted 2-fold more interleukin 8 (IL-8) as compared with the A387. H2O2 release and p38MAPK activation were totally inhibited by blockade of alpha(M)beta2. Thus, alpha(M)beta2 plays a central role in proinflammatory activities of TSP-4 (P387) and may contribute to the prothrombotic phenotype associated with this variant.
authors.affiliation: Joseph J. Jacobs Center for Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Elzbieta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pluskota
authors.forename: Olga I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Stenina
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Krukovets
authors.forename: Dorota
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Szpak
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Topol
authors.forename: Edward F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Plow
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002460:Cell Line; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000502:physiology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D019699:Thrombospondins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016177:Macrophage-1 Antigen; D019699:Thrombospondins; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide