title: Impacts of biodiesel on pollutant emissions of a JP-8-fueled turbine engine.
abstract: The impacts of biodiesel on gaseous and particulate matter (PM) emissions of a JP-8-fueled T63 engine were investigated. Jet fuel was blended with the soybean oil-derived methyl ester biofuel at various concentrations and combusted in the turbine engine. The engine was operated at three power settings, namely ground idle, cruise, and takeoff power, to study the impact of the biodiesel at significantly different pressure and temperature conditions. Particulate emissions were characterized by measuring the particle number density (PND; particulate concentration), the particle size distribution, and the total particulate mass. PM samples were collected for offline analysis to obtain information about the effect of the biodiesel on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content. In addition, temperature-programmed oxidation was performed on the collected soot samples to obtain information about the carbonaceous content (elemental or organic). Major and minor gaseous emissions were quantified using a total hydrocarbon analyzer, an oxygen analyzer, and a Fourier Transform IR analyzer. Test results showed the potential of biodiesel to reduce soot emissions in the jet-fueled turbine engine without negatively impacting the engine performance. These reductions, however, were observed only at the higher power settings with relatively high concentrations of biodiesel. Specifically, reductions of approximately 15% in the PND were observed at cruise and takeoff conditions with 20% biodiesel in the jet fuel. At the idle condition, slight increases in PND were observed; however, evidence shows this increase to be the result of condensed uncombusted biodiesel. Most of the gaseous emissions were unaffected under all of the conditions. The biodiesel was observed to have minimal effect on the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during this study. In addition to the combustion results, discussion of the physical and chemical characteristics of the blended fuels obtained using standard American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) fuel specifications methods are presented.
authors.affiliation: Air Force Research Laboratory-Fuels Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA. edwin.corporan@wpafb.af.mil
authors.forename: Edwin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Corporan
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Orvin
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Monroig
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: DeWitt
authors.forename: Venus
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aulich
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Seames
mesh_terms: D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D001674:Bioelectric Energy Sources; D003246:Conservation of Energy Resources; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000032:analysis*; D010578:Petroleum; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D005579:Fossil Fuels; D006838:Hydrocarbons; C098607:JP8 aviation fuel; D010578:Petroleum; D001335:Vehicle Emissions