title: Point prevalence, microbiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of oral Candida isolates colonizing or infecting Mexican HIV/AIDS patients and healthy persons.
abstract: We have conducted a longitudinal study over a 3-year period to address the point prevalence, microbiological characteristics and antifungal susceptibility patterns of yeast isolates colonizing or infecting the oral cavities of 111 HIV-infected (51 adults, 60 children) and 201 non HIV-infected (109 adults, 92 children) Mexican persons. Regarding the epidemiology of oral candidiasis, Candida albicans was the most frequent species isolated. Seventy-one out of 85 isolates from colonized persons were C. albicans (83.5%), 27 isolates of them were from HIV-infected children and 44 from non HIV-infected patients. Sixty-two isolates belonged to serotype A which was the most prevalent serotype of C. albicans. Non-albicans species (Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) were isolated from 16.5% of colonized patients and from 38.5% patients with candidiasis or Candida-related lesions. There were nine episodes of infection or colonization by at least 2 different yeast species. In the case of HIV/AIDS patients, it was determined that yeast carriage was not associated with the number of CD4+ cells or the viral load, but HAART reduced the prevalence of oral candidiasis. Overall, most patients harbored strains in vitro susceptible to fluconazole, however 10.8% of the yeasts were resistant to one or more azole antifungal agents and 29% were intermediate susceptible to them. On the contrary, 5-fluorocytosine was very active against all isolates tested, and amphotericin B was active against 97.9% of them.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Micología Médica, Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Bilbao, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis Octavio
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Vargas
authors.forename: Natalia Guadalupe
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Ortiz-López
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Villar
authors.forename: María Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Moragues
authors.forename: José Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Aguirre
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cashat-Cruz
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lopez-Ribot
authors.forename: Luis Alberto
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Gaitán-Cepeda
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quindós
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002175:Candida / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041221:Candida glabrata / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D041022:Candida tropicalis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002180:Candidiasis, Oral / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents