title: Volumetric quantification of global and regional left ventricular function from real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic images.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Real-time 3D echocardiographic (RT3DE) data sets contain dynamic volumetric information on cardiac function. However, quantification of left ventricular (LV) function from 3D echocardiographic data is performed on cut-planes extracted from the 3D data sets and thus does not fully exploit the volumetric information. Accordingly, we developed a volumetric analysis technique aimed at quantification of global and regional LV function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT3DE images obtained in 30 patients (Philips 7500) were analyzed by use of custom software based on the level-set approach for semiautomated detection of LV endocardial surface throughout the cardiac cycle, from which global and regional LV volume (LVV)-time and wall motion (WM)-time curves were obtained. The study design included 3 protocols. In protocol 1, time curves obtained in 16 patients were compared point-by-point with MRI data (linear regression and Bland-Altman analyses). Global LVV correlated highly with MRI (r=0.98; y=0.99x+2.3) with minimal bias (1.4 mL) and narrow limits of agreement (+/-20 mL). WM correlated highly only in basal and midventricular segments (r=0.88; y=0.85x+0.7). In protocol 2, we tested the ability of this technique to differentiate populations with known differences in LV function by studying 9 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 9 normal subjects. All calculated indices of global and regional systolic and diastolic LV function were significantly different between the groups. In protocol 3, we tested the feasibility of automated detection of regional WM abnormalities in 11 patients. In each segment, abnormality was detected when regional shortening fraction was below a threshold obtained in normal subjects. The automated detection agreed with expert interpretation of 2D WM in 86% of segments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Volumetric analysis of RT3DE data is clinically feasible and allows fast, semiautomated, dynamic measurement of LVV and automated detection of regional WM abnormalities.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Corsi
authors.forename: Roberto M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veronesi
authors.forename: Lynn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Weinert
authors.forename: Enrico G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Caiani
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: MacEneaney
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lamberti
authors.forename: Victor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mor-Avi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001017:Aortic Coarctation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D003971:Diastole; D019560:Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left