title: Rat tracheal epithelial responses to water avoidance stress.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychologic stress has major effects on many organs and cellular systems. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), mast cells, and nerves have all been shown to be involved in intestinal epithelial responses to stress. There has been little information in the literature on stress and the lung.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate Wistar rat tracheal epithelial responses to acute water avoidance stress (1 hour).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tracheal tissue was examined in Ussing chambers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increases in short-circuit current, but not in conductance, occurred after stress and were inhibited by previous injection of the CRF 1 and 2 receptor antagonist, alpha-helical CRF-(9-41). Electron microscopic morphologic evidence for tracheal mast cell activation and degranulation was found after stress. Stress and CRF injection both enhanced responses to substance P, but these effects were not inhibited by alpha-helical CRF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that acute stress affects tracheal epithelium and sensitizes it to enhanced responses to substance P, partly through mast cell activation. Many but not all of these effects are mediated by CRF. These results offer the possibility that stress may be involved in inflammatory diseases of the lung such as asthma.
authors.affiliation: Division of Foods, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan. akiyama@nihs.go.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akiyama
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Amano
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bienenstock
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004848:Epithelium / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013373:Substance P / Q000494:pharmacology; D014132:Trachea / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: C069206:alpha helical corticotropin-releasing hormone; D013373:Substance P; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; D003345:Corticosterone