Dietary oxalate loads and renal oxalate handling.
OBJECTIVE
Dietary oxalate makes a significant contribution to urinary oxalate excretion and, thus, may have a role in calcium oxalate kidney stone formation. Studies have indicated that the ingestion of oxalate rich foods results in transient increases in plasma oxalate concentrations and urinary oxalate excretion. We examined changes in plasma and urinary oxalate following oral crystalline oxalate loading under controlled dietary conditions to further define the renal handling of oxalate by normal adults.


METHODS
Six normal adult subjects consumed controlled diets of known oxalate content for 1 week before ingesting loads of 0, 2, 4 and 8 mmol of oxalate. Urinary and plasma changes were measured to assess renal oxalate handling. Urinary excretion of proximal tubule derived enzymes and isoprostanes was monitored to assess for renal injury and oxidative stress.


RESULTS
Time and dose dependent changes in plasma oxalate, urinary oxalate and in the clearance ratio of oxalate-to-creatinine were observed. A significant correlation (r=0.43, p <0.001) between the oxalate-to-creatinine clearance ratio and plasma oxalate levels was identified. No changes in urinary markers of oxidative stress or renal injury were observed following the 8 mmol oxalate load.


CONCLUSIONS
Oxalate is rapidly absorbed and cleared by the kidney by filtration and secretion following an oral oxalate load. Renal oxalate secretion has a significant role in the renal handling of an oral oxalate load. There is no evidence of acute renal injury or oxidative stress with oral oxalate loads in these experimental conditions.
Holmes
Ross P
RP
Department of Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. rholmes@wfubmc.edu
Ambrosius
Walter T
WT
Assimos
Dean G
DG
D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000652:urine*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D010070:Oxalates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values
D010070:Oxalates; D003404:Creatinine