title: Effect of gamma irradiation on the osteoinductivity of morphogenetic protein extract from reindeer bone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which are capable of stimulating the production of new bone, must be sterilized before preclinical and clinical use to reduce the risk of infections and associated complications. In this study, we investigated the effects of gamma sterilization on the osteoinductivity of native reindeer BMP extract in the Balb/C mouse thigh muscle pouch model.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 mg of native reindeer BMP extract and 5 mg of bovine serum albumin were administered separately either in gelatine capsules or mixed with gelatine as injections. The dose of gamma irradiation was 4.1 Mrad. Unsterile capsules and injections served as controls. New bone formation was evaluated based on the incorporation of Ca45 and also radiographically 3 weeks after implantation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Albumin-containing implants and injections did not induce new bone formation, as monitored in radiographs. Gamma sterilization did not reduce the osteoinductivity of native BMP extract in capsules, but a significant decrease in osteoinductivity--measured as area (50%) and Ca45 incorporation of new bone (27%)--was seen after injection. Gamma sterilization had no effect on the optical density of new bone induced by native BMP extract administered in capsules or by injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that, as gamma irradiation did not reduce the osteoinductivity of reindeer BMP extract in gelatine capsules, this method appears to be suitable for sterilization of BMPs to be given in capsule form. Native reindeer BMP extract was more sensitive to irradiation in soluble collagen (gelatine) than BMP in gelatine capsules. This finding must be given serious consideration regarding treatment of patients, but the remaining activity may be sufficient for the induction of bone formation in preclinical and clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Bone Transplantation Research Group, Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. Tarmo.Pekkarinen@uta.fi
authors.forename: Tarmo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Pekkarinen
authors.forename: Oili
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hietala
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jämsä
authors.forename: Pekka
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jalovaara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015519:Bone Density / Q000528:radiation effects*; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005720:Gamma Rays; D051379:Mice; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012053:Reindeer; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D012710:Serum Albumin, Bovine