title: Efficacy of the 5-HT1A agonist, buspirone hydrochloride, in migraineurs with anxiety: a randomized, prospective, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the efficacy of buspirone, a 5-HT1A agonist, for migraine combined with anxiety disorder.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Modulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system is used for the neuropharmacology of migraine treatment; however, the involvement of the 5-HT1A system in migraine is not fully understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four outpatients aged 20 to 70 years (mean, 46.4; SD, 12.8) were analyzed. All subjects were diagnosed to have migraine according to the International Headache Society criteria and anxiety disorder according to DSM-IV. Subjects were randomly assigned to treatment with either buspirone (10 mg/day) or placebo for 6 weeks. Efficacy variables included changes in headache frequency, headache intensity, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Headache Self-Efficacy Scale (HMSE), and Headache Disability Inventory (HDI). The correlation between the headache improvement and the anxiolytic effect was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Headache frequency showed a 43.3% reduction in the buspirone-treated group, but by only 10.3% in the placebo group. HAM-A and HDI were also significantly more lowered in buspirone-treated patients than in placebo-treated patients. However, headache intensity and HMSE score were unchanged. Correlation analysis of the relation between headache frequency reduction and HAM-A improvement, revealed no significant association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this study, buspirone showed a prophylactic effect in migraine with anxiety disorder, which was not secondary to its anxiolytic effect. This suggests that the agonistic action for 5-HT1A can be directly effective in migraine prophylaxis. However, more long-term study is warranted before concluding the efficacy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Youngon-Dong, Chongno-gu, South Korea.
authors.forename: Soon-Tae
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jong-Ha
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Manho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002065:Buspirone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D017366:Serotonin Receptor Agonists; D002065:Buspirone