Does the mastery of center-embedded linguistic structures distinguish humans from nonhuman primates?
In a recent Science article, Fitch and Hauser (2004; hereafter, F&H) claimed to have demonstrated that cotton-top tamarins fail to learn an artificial language produced by a phrase structure grammar (Chomsky, 1957) generating center-embedded sentences, whereas adult humans easily learn such a language. We report an experiment replicating the results of F&H in humans but also showing that subjects learned the language without exploiting in any way the center-embedded structure. When the procedure was modified to make the processing of this structure mandatory, the subjects no longer showed evidence of learning. We propose a simple interpretation for the difference in performance observed in F&H's task between humans and tamarins and argue that, beyond the specific drawbacks inherent in F&H's study, researching the source of the inability of nonhuman primates to master language within a framework built around Chomsky's hierarchy of grammars is a conceptual dead end.
Perruchet
Pierre
P
University of Bourgogne, Dijon, France. pierre.perruchet@u-bourgogne.fr
Rey
Arnaud
A
D000818:Animals; D001076:Aptitude; D003071:Cognition; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008037:Linguistics; D011323:Primates; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D013067:Speech Perception