title: Intracameral Vigamox (moxifloxacin 0.5%) is non-toxic and effective in preventing endophthalmitis in a rabbit model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether Vigamox (moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution) can be safely injected intracamerally to prevent Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis in a rabbit model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Animal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The safety and bactericidal-effectiveness of Vigamox were evaluated in three stages using 189 New Zealand White rabbits. (Stage 1) The toxicity of two intravitreal doses of Vigamox (moxifloxacin 500, 250 microg) was compared with vancomycin (1 mg) and saline. (Stage 2) A reproducible rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis was established. (Stage 3) The bactericidal effect of intracameral Vigamox (moxifloxacin 500, 250, 125, 50 microg) was compared with vancomycin (1 mg) and saline. Intracameral antibiotic therapy commenced immediately after Staphylococcus aureus intravitreal challenge (5000 cfu). Toxicity was evaluated by masked clinical examination using a slit-lamp, an indirect ophthalmoscope, and corneal-ultrasound pachymetry. The clinical examination included the exterior eye, cornea, anterior chamber, vitreous, and retina. The presentations were graded on a severity scale of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 3. The bactericidal efficacy was determined using intracameral colony counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the toxicity studies without bacterial challenge, the clinical scores of rabbits injected intracamerally with Vigamox were statistically equivalent to rabbits given intracameral vancomycin or saline. In the efficacy studies, eyes treated intravitreally with Vigamox, at all doses, or vancomycin were negative for Staphylococcus aureus and nontreated controls remained culture-positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vigamox appears to be nontoxic for intracameral injection and effective in preventing experimental endophthalmitis in the rabbit model. Further studies will determine the clinical role of intracameral Vigamox for surgical prophylaxis and postoperative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Charles T. Campbell Ophthalmic Microbiology Laboratory, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. kowalskirp@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Regis P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Eric G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Romanowski
authors.forename: Francis S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Mah
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Yates
authors.forename: Y Jerold
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Gordon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000867:Anterior Chamber / Q000187:drug effects*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D007267:Injections; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D019055:No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity; D011804:Quinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use / Q000633:toxicity*; D011817:Rabbits; D012449:Safety; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014822:Vitreous Body / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D011804:Quinolines; D014640:Vancomycin; D000077266:Moxifloxacin