title: Expression of proteinase-activated receptor 2 on human primary gastrointestinal myofibroblasts and stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis.
abstract: It is known that subepithelial myofibroblast-derived prostaglandin (PG)E2 can regulate intestinal epithelial cell functions, and that proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is abundantly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Since PAR2 activation has previously been associated with stimulation of PGE2 synthesis, we hypothesized that PAR2 expressed on primary human gastrointestinal myofibroblasts regulates PGE2 synthesis via cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and (or) COX-2, and associated PGE synthases. Primary human myofibroblasts were isolated from the resection tissue of the esophagus, small intestine, and colon. Expression of functional PAR2 was determined by RT-PCR and by calcium mobilization in Fura-2/AM-loaded cells. Trypsin and the selective PAR2-activating peptide (PAR2-AP) SLIGRL-NH2 stimulated PGE2 synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured by enzyme immunoassay. Selective COX inhibition showed PAR2-induced PGE2 synthesis to be COX-1 dependent in esophageal myofibroblasts and both COX-1 and COX-2 dependent in colonic cells, consistent with the distribution of COX-1 and COX-2 expression. Although both cytosolic and microsomal PGE synthases were expressed in cells from all tissues, microsomal PGE synthases were expressed at highest levels in the colonic myofibroblasts. Activation of PAR2 on gastrointestinal myofibroblasts stimulates PGE2 synthesis via different pathways in the colon than in the esophagus and small intestine.
authors.affiliation: Mucosal Inflammation Research Group, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada.
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Seymour
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Binion
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Compton
authors.forename: Morley D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Hollenberg
authors.forename: Wallace K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: MacNaughton
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002469:Cell Separation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004947:Esophagus / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D011453:Prostaglandins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D053802:Tryptases
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D011453:Prostaglandins; D044464:Receptor, PAR-2; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053802:Tryptases; D015232:Dinoprostone