title: Sleep paralysis among Cambodian refugees: association with PTSD diagnosis and severity.
abstract: Among Cambodian refugees attending a psychiatric clinic (n=100), 49% (49/100) had at least one episode of sleep paralysis (SP) in the previous 12 months. The annual and monthly SP prevalences were much higher in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than in non-PTSD patients. Among the PTSD patients, 65% (30/46) had monthly episodes of SP versus 14.85% (8/54) among non-PTSD patients (chi2[2, n=100]=26.78, P<.001). Moreover, patients with SP in the last month (n=30) versus those without SP had much higher PTSD severity scores. In the entire sample (n=100), the PTSD severity scores correlated significantly with the rate of SP in the last month. During SP, Cambodian refugees usually hallucinated an approaching figure (90%, 44/49). The rate of SP-associated and post-SP panic attacks was high, indicating the great distress caused by the phenomenon. SP seems to be a core aspect of the Cambodian refugee's response to trauma. When treating Cambodian refugees, and traumatized refugees in general, clinicians should assess for its presence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. devon_hinton@hms.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Devon E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hinton
authors.forename: Vuth
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pich
authors.forename: Dara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chhean
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: McNally
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002160:Cambodia / Q000208:ethnology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008404:Massachusetts / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012036:Refugees / Q000523:psychology*; D020188:Sleep Paralysis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000523:psychology*; D029181:Spirituality; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires