title: Cardiac fibrinolytic capacity is markedly increased after brief periods of local myocardial ischemia, but declines following successive periods in anesthetized pigs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrinolysis in blood is mainly reflected by the activities of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). The effect of myocardial ischemia on their activities in the coronary circulation is, however, not established.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  With an improved experimental model, we therefore examined the effect of a brief period of myocardial ischemia on their activities. Furthermore, the consequences of repeated periods of ischemia, mimicking the situations in patients with unstable angina, were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In six anesthetized pigs, we occluded the distal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) four times for 10 min with 40 min intervals and determined the activities of tPA and PAI-1 in arterial and coronary venous blood. By simultaneously recording LAD flow, we could estimate cardiac release of these factors at baseline conditions and during reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Neither net cardiac release of PAI-1 nor alterations in plasma PAI-1 levels were demonstrated during the experiment. However, a significant net release of tPA activity of 10.4 +/- 3.2 IU mL(-1) (P < 0.005) was recorded during baseline conditions. During reperfusion following the first period of ischemia, the cardiac release of tPA activity increased to a peak of 103 +/- 30-fold baseline release, but declined progressively after repeated periods of ischemia. After the fourth period, tPA release did not exceed an estimated baseline accumulation during ischemia and early reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this porcine model, a substantial local increase in fibrinolytic capacity was observed after brief periods of ischemia, but declined subsequently by repeated periods of ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Center for Clinical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. trude.aspelin@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aspelin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: A-K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Lindgaard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lyberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ilebekk
mesh_terms: D000787:Angina Pectoris; D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D005260:Female; D005342:Fibrinolysis; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D012008:Recurrence; D013552:Swine; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator