title: Which lactic acid bacteria are responsible for histamine production in wine?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To quantify the ability of 136 lactic acid bacteria (LAB), isolated from wine, to produce histamine and to identify the bacteria responsible for histamine production in wine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A qualitative method based on pH changes in a plate assay was used to detect wine strains capable of producing high levels of histamine. Two quantitative, highly sensitive methods were used, an enzymatic method and HPLC, to quantify the histamine produced by LAB. Finally, an improved PCR test was carried out to detect the presence of histidine decarboxylase gene in these bacteria. The species exhibiting the highest frequency of histamine production is Oenococcus oeni. However, the concentration of histamine produced by this species is lower than that produced by strains belonging to species of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. A correlation of 100% between presence of histidine decarboxylase gene and histamine production was observed. Wines containing histamine were analysed to isolate and characterize the LAB responsible for spoilage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oenococcus was able to synthesize low concentrations of histamine in wines, while Pediococcus parvulus and Lactobacillus hilgardii have been detected as spoilage, high histamine-producing bacteria in wines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Information regarding histamine-producing LAB isolated from wines can contribute to prevent histamine formation during winemaking and storage.
authors.affiliation: ENOLAB-Laboratori de Microbiologia Enològica, Departament de Microbiologia i Ecologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Landete
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pardo
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006632:Histamine / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D007778:Lactobacillus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007934:Leuconostoc / Q000378:metabolism; D010376:Pediococcus / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D006632:Histamine; D006640:Histidine Decarboxylase