title: Dental patient awareness of smoking effects on oral health: Comparison of smokers and non-smokers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The negative effects of cigarette smoking on oral health are well established, yet few studies assessed patient awareness of such effects. The aim of this study was to examine differences in dental patient knowledge and awareness of the effects of smoking on oral health between smokers and non-smokers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult patients from 12 dental centers in Kuwait were asked to complete a 14-point self-administered structured questionnaire on the effects of smoking on oral health in this cross-sectional survey. Significant associations between oral health knowledge, smoking status, and sociodemographic variables were examined with univariate analysis and logistic regression.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 1012 subjects participated (response rate = 84.3%). The prevalence of smoking was 29.3%. Fewer smokers than non-smokers thought that oral health and smoking are related (92.2% vs. 95.8%; P = 0.020), and that smoking affected oral cancer (52.4% vs. 66.8%; P < 0.001), periodontal health (72% vs. 78%; P = 0.040), or tooth staining (86.1% vs. 90.9%; P = 0.018). Logistic regression analysis showed smokers to be significantly less aware of the oral health effects of smoking than non-smoking patients (OR=1.51; 95% CI: 1.05-2.16; P = 0.025).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Smoking dental patients are significantly less aware of the oral health effects of smoking than non-smokers. Comparative studies in other populations may be warranted to ascertain the validity of these results.
authors.affiliation: Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 758, Jahra 01009, Kuwait.
authors.forename: Khalaf F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Al-Shammari
authors.forename: Mohamed A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Moussa
authors.forename: Jassem M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Al-Ansari
authors.forename: Yousif S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Al-Duwairy
authors.forename: Eino J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Honkala
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009909:Oral Health; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires