title: Hydrodynamic delivery.
abstract: Hydrodynamic delivery has emerged as a near-perfect method for intracellular DNA delivery in vivo. For gene delivery to parenchymal cells, only essential DNA sequences need to be injected via a selected blood vessel, eliminating safety concerns associated with current viral and synthetic vectors. When injected into the bloodstream, DNA is capable of reaching cells in the different tissues accessible to the blood. Hydrodynamic delivery employs the force generated by the rapid injection of a large volume of solution into the incompressible blood in the circulation to overcome the physical barriers of endothelium and cell membranes that prevent large and membrane-impermeable compounds from entering parenchymal cells. In addition to the delivery of DNA, this method is useful for the efficient intracellular delivery of RNA, proteins, and other small compounds in vivo. This review discusses the development, current application, and clinical potential of hydrodynamic delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA.
authors.forename: Mohammed S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Al-Dosari
authors.forename: Joseph E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Dexi
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004274:DNA, Recombinant / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000235:genetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D051379:Mice; D023421:Models, Animal; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004274:DNA, Recombinant; D011994:Recombinant Proteins