title: In vitro investigation of the toxic effects of extracts of Allium sativum bulbs on adults of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and Rhipicephalus pulchellus.
abstract: The toxic effects of the extracts of Allium sativum (Garlic) were evaluated against adults of Hyalomma marginatum rufipes and Rhipicephalus pulchellus using three types (Types A, B and C) of contact toxicity bioassays. A. sativum bulbs were extracted with acetone, ethanol and dichloromethane (DCM) solvents. Among these three solvents, it is the DCM extract of A. sativum that appears to have anti-tick activity. In the Type A contact toxicity bioassay, DCM extracts of A. sativum demonstrated a high acaricidal bioactivity against H. m. rufipes with 100% of ticks killed in less than an hour, and toxicity persisted to the second day. A weak acaricidal activity of aqueous extracts of A. sativum was observed in the Type B contact toxicity bioassay. In the Type C contact toxicity bioassay, a concentration of 24% w/v of DCM extracts of garlic in sunflower oil (Helianthus annuus) had killed 100% of H. m. rufipes (LC50 = 5.9% w/v) and R. pulchellus (LC50 = 10.3% w/v) by 24 hours post-treatment of ticks. The results obtained from this study suggest that DCM extract of A. sativum is a potential source of novel acaricidal agents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Limpopo, P.O. Box 139, Medunsa, 0204, South Africa.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nchu
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Magano
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Eloff
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008752:Methylene Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000633:toxicity*; D048494:Rhipicephalus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D013983:Tick Control / Q000379:methods*; D013987:Ticks / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D000096:Acetone; D000431:Ethanol; D008752:Methylene Chloride