title: Interventions to increase use of nicotine gum: a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial.
abstract: Medication noncompliance with smoking cessation pharmacotherapies is a significant problem in both research and clinical settings. This randomized, controlled, single-blind study compared three single-session psychological interventions to increase use of nicotine gum during a 15-day treatment period. A total of 97 adult smokers were randomized to receive standard treatment (ST, n = 31), brief feedback (BF, n = 32) plus ST, or contingency management (CM; i.e., payment for chewing at least 12 pieces/day on 10 of 15 intervention days, n = 34) plus ST and BF. Only the CM condition led to significantly greater average daily gum use (pieces/day: ST, 6.17; BF, 7.81; CM, 10.17 [p values <.05]) and higher rates of compliance (ST, 13.6%; BF, 25.2%; CM, 65.6% [p values <.001]). No differences were observed in smoking abstinence, nicotine withdrawal, or urinary cotinine as a function of treatment. Implications of the present findings are discussed, including application to clinical trials and extension to real-world use of nicotine gum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA. marc.e.mooney@uth.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mooney
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Babb
authors.forename: Joni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hatsukami
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002638:Chewing Gum; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011614:Psychotherapy, Brief / Q000379:methods; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012907:Smoking / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016540:Smoking Cessation / Q000379:methods; D013997:Time Factors; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D009538:Nicotine