title: Antidepressant exposure may protect against decrement in frontal gray matter volumes in geriatric depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Depressed elderly patients with and without antidepressant exposure were compared to normal controls to examine the effects of prior antidepressant exposure on regional brain gray matter volumes using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted from October 1999 to January 2003. Patients and controls were closely matched by age and education. They underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric and physical examinations. Measures of the total frontal lobe and the frontal gray and white matter volumes corrected by the intracranial volume were obtained using MRI, together with clinical measures of medical burden. Historical information about prior exposure to antidepressant drugs was collected using multiple information sources. The groups were compared using multivariate analyses of covariance, controlling for age, sex, and medical burden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study sample comprised 41 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder (32 women; 11 antidepressant exposure and 30 drug-naive; mean age 70.5 years) and 41 controls (20 women; mean age 72.2 years). In the multivariate analysis, the depressed group had smaller corrected orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) total and gray matter volumes compared to the controls (p < .01). However, depressed patients with prior antidepressant exposure had larger OFC gray matter volumes compared to drug-naive depressed patients, but smaller than those in normal controls (p = .005). This effect was not explained by the group differences in sex ratio, age at onset of depression, or the number or duration of depressive episodes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed larger OFC regional volumes in depressed patients exposed to antidepressants compared to the drug-naive depressed subjects, but smaller than those in age-matched controls. Antidepressant exposure may protect against gray matter loss in geriatric depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA. hlavrets@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lavretsky
authors.forename: Donna J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Roybal
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ballmaier
authors.forename: Arthur W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Toga
authors.forename: Anand
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001284:Atrophy / Q000473:pathology; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents