title: The protein kinase Cbeta-selective inhibitor, Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl), suppresses signaling through the AKT pathway, induces apoptosis, and suppresses growth of human colon cancer and glioblastoma xenografts.
abstract: Activation of protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta) has been repeatedly implicated in tumor-induced angiogenesis. The PKCbeta-selective inhibitor, Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl), suppresses angiogenesis and was advanced for clinical development based upon this antiangiogenic activity. Activation of PKCbeta has now also been implicated in tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor invasiveness. Herein, we show that Enzastaurin has a direct effect on human tumor cells, inducing apoptosis and suppressing the proliferation of cultured tumor cells. Enzastaurin treatment also suppresses the phosphorylation of GSK3betaser9, ribosomal protein S6(S240/244), and AKT(Thr308). Oral dosing with Enzastaurin to yield plasma concentrations similar to those achieved in clinical trials significantly suppresses the growth of human glioblastoma and colon carcinoma xenografts. As in cultured tumor cells, Enzastaurin treatment suppresses the phosphorylation of GSK3beta in these xenograft tumor tissues. Enzastaurin treatment also suppresses GSK3beta phosphorylation to a similar extent in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these treated mice. These data show that Enzastaurin has a direct antitumor effect and that Enzastaurin treatment suppresses GSK3beta phosphorylation in both tumor tissue and in PBMCs, suggesting that GSK3beta phosphorylation may serve as a reliable pharmacodynamic marker for Enzastaurin activity. With previously published reports, these data support the notion that Enzastaurin suppresses tumor growth through multiple mechanisms: direct suppression of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell death coupled to the indirect effect of suppressing tumor-induced angiogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Lilly Research Labs, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. graff_jeremy@lilly.com
authors.forename: Jeremy R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graff
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: McNulty
authors.forename: Kimberly Ross
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hanna
authors.forename: Bruce W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Konicek
authors.forename: Rebecca L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lynch
authors.forename: Spring N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Crystal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Banks
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capen
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: Jason E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Lillian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sams
authors.forename: Karen L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Huss
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Philip W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: Blake Lee
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Neubauer
authors.forename: Thomas J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Luna
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Musib
authors.forename: Sandaruwan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Geeganage
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Thornton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005909:Glioblastoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D045325:HCT116 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D038601:Ribosomal Protein S6; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C000605506:GSK3B protein, human; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; C000605507:Gsk3b protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D064546:Protein Kinase C beta; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; C504878:enzastaurin