title: Real-time PCR assays targeting a unique chromosomal sequence of Yersinia pestis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of the zoonotic infection plague, is a major concern as a potential bioweapon. Current real-time PCR assays used for Y. pestis detection are based on plasmid targets, some of which may generate false-positive results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the yp48 gene of Y. pestis, we designed and tested 2 real-time TaqMan minor groove binder (MGB) assays that allowed us to use chromosomal genes as both confirmatory and differential targets for Y. pestis. We also designed several additional assays using both Simple-Probe and MGB Eclipse probe technologies for the selective differentiation of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis from Y. pestis. These assays were designed around a 25-bp insertion site recently identified within the yp48 gene of Y. pseudotuberculosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Y. pestis-specific assay distinguished this bacterium from other Yersinia species but had unacceptable low-level detection of Y. pseudotuberculosis, a closely related species. Simple-Probe and MGB Eclipse probes specific for the 25-bp insertion detected only Y. pseudotuberculosis DNA. Probes that spanned the deletion site detected both Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis DNA, and the 2 species were clearly differentiated by a post-PCR melting temperature (Tm) analysis. The Simple-Probe assay produced an almost 7 degrees C Tm difference and the MGB Eclipse probe a slightly more than 4 degrees C difference.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our method clearly discriminates Y. pestis DNA from all other Yersinia species tested and from the closely related Y. pseudotuberculosis. These chromosomal assays are important both to verify the presence of Y. pestis based on a chromosomal target and to easily distinguish it from Y. pseudotuberculosis.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Systems Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Chase
authors.forename: Melanie P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Ulrich
authors.forename: Leonard P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wasieloski
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kondig
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: Luther E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Lindler
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Kulesh
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics*; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D018390:Gene Targeting / Q000379:methods*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA / Q000379:methods*; D044366:Transition Temperature; D015010:Yersinia pestis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics*; D015011:Yersinia pseudotuberculosis / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004247:DNA