title: The quest for small family size among Pakistani women--is voluntary termination of pregnancy a matter of choice or necessity?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present the socio-biologic predictors of induced abortion among married women residing in low income squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional survey was conducted in three squatter settlements of Karachi from June to August 1997. Interviews were conducted on 1,214 married women assessing past pregnancy history, literacy and employment status of self and spouse and specifically probing for past history of seeking an induced abortion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty women reported an induced abortion during last three years prior to survey. Of these, forty percent (20/50) of abortion seekers were using some method of family planning before conceiving the index pregnancy. Post abortion family planning method use was adopted by 50% (25/50) of the abortion seekers. The most parsimonious multivariate logistic regression model included grand-multigravidity (OR 2.6 CI, 1.3 - 5.2), literate status of the woman (OR 1.9 CI, 1.0 - 3.4) and the 26-35 age group (OR 3.0 CI, 1.4 - 6.6).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unplanned/mistimed pregnancies generally result from high unmet need and ineffective use of contraceptives and culminate through induced abortions. We propose that improvement in the quality of family planning counseling should be targeted to effective use of a method, back-up support in case of method failure and the health consequences of unsafe abortions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saleem
authors.forename: Fariyal F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Fikree
mesh_terms: D000023:Abortion Applicants / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology*; D000028:Abortion, Induced; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005193:Family Planning Services; D005260:Female; D020073:Gravidity; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D010154:Pakistan; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011275:Pregnancy, Unwanted