title: Galectin-3 expression in parathyroid carcinoma: immunohistochemical study of 26 cases.
abstract: The diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is difficult and based on morphological features that are not totally reliable. Several molecular markers proved useful in the evaluation of PC, but their sensitivity, specificity, or both are rather low. With the aim of identifying a marker of malignancy in parathyroid tumors, we tested the expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3), a lectin expressed in several malignant tumors, including follicular carcinomas (but not adenomas) of the thyroid. Twenty-six PCs and 30 control parathyroid adenomas (PAs) were collected. The PCs had been diagnosed based on capsular/vascular invasion (26/26 cases), extraparathyroid infiltration (16), local recurrence (9), and distant metastases (6). All cases were immunohistochemically tested for Gal-3 and for other markers claimed to be useful in the differential diagnosis of parathyroid neoplasms, namely, Ki67, p27, and bcl2. Gal-3 was expressed by 24 of the PC (92.3%), but only 1 PA (3.3%) (P < .001). All metastasizing PCs were Gal-3-positive. As expected, the Ki67 proliferative index was higher in PCs (mean, 6.7%) than in PAs (1.9%); p27 was down-regulated in 61.5% of PCs and only 33.3% of PAs, whereas bcl2 was strongly positive in most PAs and in 38.5% of PCs. In a suspected PC, the association of Gal-3 with Ki67 (using a cutoff of 6% for the proliferative activity) appeared the best marker combination (sensitivity 96.2%, specificity 90%), and the profile Gal-3-positive/Ki67 >6% was unique to PCs. We conclude that Gal-3 immunostaining is a valuable tool to support a diagnosis of PC in highly proliferating (Ki67 >6%) tumors affecting a single parathyroid gland.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Hospital, 10043 Prbassano, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bergero
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Pompa
authors.forename: Carlotta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sacerdote
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gasparri
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Volante
authors.forename: Gianni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bussolati
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Papotti
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D037502:Galectin 3 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010282:Parathyroid Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D037502:Galectin 3; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen