title: Clioquinol down-regulates mutant huntingtin expression in vitro and mitigates pathology in a Huntington's disease mouse model.
abstract: In investigating the role of metal ions in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease, we examined the effects of clioquinol, a metal-binding compound currently in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease treatment, on mutant huntingtin-expressing cells. We found that PC12 cells expressing polyglutamine-expanded huntingtin exon 1 accumulated less mutant protein and showed decreased cell death when treated with clioquinol. This effect was polyglutamine-length-specific and did not alter mRNA levels or protein degradation rates. Clioquinol treatment of transgenic Huntington's mice (R6/2) improved behavioral and pathologic phenotypes, including decreased huntingtin aggregate accumulation, decreased striatal atrophy, improved rotarod performance, reduction of weight loss, normalization of blood glucose and insulin levels, and extension of lifespan. Our results suggest that clioquinol is a candidate therapy for Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine-expansion diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology and Laboratory for Computational Neurochemistry and Drug Discovery, Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
authors.forename: Trent
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamby
authors.forename: Stephen M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Massa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D007464:Clioquinol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010455:Peptides / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; C086055:HTT protein, human; C506812:Htt protein, mouse; C499524:Htt protein, rat; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D007328:Insulin; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C097188:polyglutamine; D007464:Clioquinol