title: Racial disparities in risk factors for thrombosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Until recently, the paucity of characterization of the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism among non-Caucasians has contributed to the misconception that race or ethnicity does not modify disease presentation. This review will describe the previously poorly documented magnitude of venous thromboembolism disease burden among four racial cohorts, by defining disease incidence and associated morbidity/mortality from available literature data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Emerging data suggest that African-Americans possess the highest burden of venous thromboembolism, and Asians the lowest, compared with the Caucasian population. In both racial groups, however, the inheritable thrombophilic risk factors prevalent in Caucasians (factor V Leiden, Prothrombin G20210A) are distinctly rare. The presence of yet undetermined modifiers of disease, conferring susceptibility or resistance to venous thromboembolism among these racial groups, is suspected and requires further investigation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial disparity in thrombotic disorders exists in the divergent patterns of disease incidence among different racial/ethnic cohorts, yet the genetic determinants of disease and modifiers of risk remain obscure. Further research focused on delineating the underlying etiologies of venous thromboembolism across different racial/ethnic groups promises to be a productive and much needed area of exploration.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University, Division of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. itakura@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Haruka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Itakura
mesh_terms: D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006801:Humans; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000209:etiology