title: [Studies on the nasal epithelium toxicity of adjuvants and recombination hirudin (rHV2) nasal spary].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the nasal epithelium toxicity of adjuvants and rHV2 nasal spary(HVS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ciliary movement were evaluated with in situ toad palate model; The histology assessment of nasal epithelium were carried out after long-lasting and repeated use of HVS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjuvants included SDS, Brij 35, azone, lecithin, EDTA, menthol, nipagin and thiomersal were able to significantly inhibited the ciliary movement, while tween80, glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt, benzalkonium bromide, sodium benzoate and adhensive materials investigated had less influence on it. HVS was able to damaged the nasal epithelium, but this effect recovered soon after stopping administration. It was demonstrated that SDS, Brij 35, azone,lecithin, EDTA, menthol, nipagin and thiomersal. It had significant cilitoxity, while tween80, glycyrrhizic acid monoammonium salt, benzalkonium bromide, sodium benzoate and adhensive materials investigated had no significance; Chitosan co-administration with some adjuvants may make the cillitoxity severer; It is available that rHV2 be administered by nasal spary.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Yu-Jie
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jun-Ling
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Hou
authors.forename: Chang-Hua
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xiao-Liang
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Ming-Xia
authors.initials: MX
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Qiang
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D002023:Bufo bufo; D048271:Chitosan / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity; D002923:Cilia / Q000187:drug effects; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006629:Hirudins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects*; D010159:Palate / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D006629:Hirudins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C072299:hirudin HV2; D048271:Chitosan