title: Acute hormonal responses to submaximal and maximal heavy resistance and explosive exercises in men and women.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses in men and women to 3 heavy resistance but clearly different exercise protocols: (a) submaximal heavy resistance exercise (SME), (b) maximal heavy resistance exercise (HRE), and (c) maximal explosive resistance exercise (EE). HRE included 5 sets of 10 repetition maximum (10RM) sit-ups, bench press, and bilateral leg extensions (David 210 machine) with a 2-minute recovery between the sets. In SME, the load was 70%, and in EE, the load was 40% from that used in HRE. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum growth hormone (GH) was observed after HRE both in men and women, but the increase was greater (p < 0.05) in men than in women. Serum testosterone (T) increased significantly (p < 0.05) only during HRE in men. Since GH and T are anabolic hormones, the acute exercise-induced response during HRE may play an important role in the long-term anabolic adaptation processes related to muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength development.
authors.affiliation: Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland. linnamo@sport.jyu.fi
authors.forename: Vesa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Linnamo
authors.forename: Arto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pakarinen
authors.forename: Paavo V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Komi
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Kraemer
authors.forename: Keijo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D019382:Human Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014891:Weight Lifting / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007773:Lactates; D019382:Human Growth Hormone; D013739:Testosterone