title: Presynaptic inhibition via a phospholipase C- and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate-dependent regulation of neuronal Ca2+ channels.
abstract: Presynaptic inhibition of transmitter release is commonly mediated by a direct interaction between G protein betagamma subunits and voltage-activated Ca2+ channels. To search for an alternative pathway, the mechanisms by which presynaptic bradykinin receptors mediate an inhibition of noradrenaline release from rat superior cervical ganglion neurons were investigated. The peptide reduced noradrenaline release triggered by K+-depolarization but not that evoked by ATP, with Ca2+ channels being blocked by Cd2+. Bradykinin also reduced Ca2+ current amplitudes measured at neuronal somata, and this effect was pertussis toxin-insensitive, voltage-independent, and developed slowly within 1 min. The inhibition of Ca2+ currents was abolished by a phospholipase C inhibitor, but it was not altered by a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, by the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, or by the inactivation of protein kinase C or Rho proteins. In whole-cell recordings, the reduction of Ca2+ currents was irreversible but became reversible when 4 mM ATP or 0.2 mM dioctanoyl phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate was included in the pipette solution. In contrast, the effect of bradykinin was entirely reversible in perforated-patch recordings but became irreversible when the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate was blocked. Thus, the inhibition of Ca2+ currents by bradykinin involved a consumption of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate by phospholipase C but no downstream effectors of this enzyme. The reduction of noradrenaline release by bradykinin was also abolished by the inhibition of phospholipase C or of the resynthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. These results show that the presynaptic inhibition was mediated by a closure of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels through depletion of membrane phosphatidylinositol bisphosphates via phospholipase C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biomolecular, Medicine and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 13a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Lechner
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hussl
authors.forename: Klaus W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schicker
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Drobny
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boehm
mesh_terms: D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase / Q000502:physiology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D037342:Pertussis Toxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic / Q000502:physiology*; D017783:Superior Cervical Ganglion / Q000502:physiology; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D017661:Receptors, Presynaptic; D002104:Cadmium; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D019870:1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D011188:Potassium; D001920:Bradykinin; D009638:Norepinephrine