title: Jamming in complex gradient networks.
abstract: Flows of physical quantities in large complex networks, natural or man made, rely in general on some scalar gradients existing in the networks. We investigate, analytically and numerically, under what conditions jamming in gradient flows can occur in random and scale-free networks. We find that the degree of jamming typically increases with the average connectivity <k> of the network. A crossover phenomenon is uncovered where for <k> < k(c) (k(c) denotes a critical connectivity, estimated to be about 10), scale-free networks have a higher level of congestion than random networks with the same <k>, while the opposite occurs for <k> > k(c).
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
authors.forename: Kwangho
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Ying-Cheng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Nong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ye