title: Differential effects of (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of albuterol in a mouse asthma model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  (R)- and (S)-Enantiomers of albuterol likely exert differential effects in patients with asthma. The (R)-enantiomer binds to the beta2-adrenergic receptor with greater affinity than the (S)-enantiomer and is responsible for albuterol's bronchodilating activity. (S)-Albuterol augments bronchospasm and has proinflammatory actions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The study aim was to determine whether the (S)-enantiomer, in contrast to the (R)-enantiomer, has adverse effects on allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness in a mouse asthma model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) intraperitoneally on days 0 and 14 were challenged with OVA intranasally on days 14, 25, and 35. On day 36, 24 hours after the final allergen challenge, the effect of the (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of albuterol (1 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) administered by means of a miniosmotic pump from days 13-36) on airway inflammation and hyperreactivity was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In OVA-sensitized/OVA-challenged mice, (R)-albuterol significantly reduced the influx of eosinophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and airway tissue. (R)-Albuterol also significantly decreased airway goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus occlusion and levels of IL-4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and OVA-specific IgE in plasma. Although (S)-albuterol significantly reduced airway eosinophil infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and mucus occlusion, it increased airway edema and responsiveness to methacholine in OVA-sensitized/OVA-challenged mice. Allergen-induced airway edema and pulmonary mechanics were unaffected by (R)-albuterol.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Both (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of albuterol reduce airway eosinophil trafficking and mucus hypersecretion in a mouse model of asthma. However, (S)-albuterol increases allergen-induced airway edema and hyperresponsiveness. These adverse effects of the (S)-enantiomer on lung function might limit the clinical efficacy of racemic albuterol.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. joangb@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: William R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Ena Ray
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Banerjee
authors.forename: Emil Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Chi
mesh_terms: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000420:Albuterol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D016535:Bronchial Hyperreactivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D018793:Interleukin-13 / Q000502:physiology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009093:Mucus / Q000378:metabolism; D010047:Ovalbumin / Q000276:immunology; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000318:Adrenergic beta-Agonists; D018793:Interleukin-13; D015847:Interleukin-4; D010047:Ovalbumin; D000420:Albuterol