title: Identification of factor XIII-A as a marker of alternative macrophage activation.
abstract: Factor XIII subunit A of blood coagulation (FXIII-A) is known to be synthesized but not secreted by the monocyte/macrophage cell line. On the basis of its intracellular localization and substrate profile, FXIII-A is thought to be involved in certain intracellular processes. Our present study was designed to monitor the changes in FXIII-A gene expression and protein production in long-term culture of human monocytes during their differentiation into macrophages in the presence of activating agents (interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, Mycobacterium bovis BCG) inducing classical and alternative activation pathways. By using quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescent image analysis at the single-cell level we demonstrated that the expression of FXIII-A both at the mRNA as well as at the protein level is inversely regulated during the two activation programmes. Here we conclude that FXIII-A expression is an intracellular marker for alternatively activated macrophages, while its absence in monocyte-derived macrophages indicates their classically activated state.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, 4012, Debrecen, Hungary.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Töröcsik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bárdos
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Adány
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D026122:Factor XIIIa / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology; D009163:Mycobacterium bovis; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D026122:Factor XIIIa