The effects of L-arginine, D-arginine, L-name and methylene blue on channa striatus-induced peripheral antinociception in mice.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the involvement of nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway in aqueous supernatant of haruan (Channa striatus) fillet (ASH) antinociception using the acetic acid-induced abdominal constriction test.


METHODS
The ASH was prepared by soaking fresh haruan fillet in chloroform:methanol (CM) (2/1 (v/v)) for 72 h followed by evaporation of the upper layer supernatant to remove any solvent residues. The supernatant was then subjected to a freeze-drying process (48 h) followed by doses preparation.


RESULTS
Subcutaneous (SC) administration of ASH alone (0.170, 0.426 and 1.704 mg/kg) exhibited a dose-dependent antinociception. On the other hand, 20 mg/kg (SC) of L-arginine and MB exhibited a significant nociception and antinociception, while D-arginine and L-NAME did not produce any effect at all. Pre-treatment with L-arginine was found to significantly reverse the three respective doses of ASH antinociception; pre-treatment with D-arginine did not produce any significant change in the ASH activity; pre-treatment with L-NAME only significantly increased the 0.170 and 0.426 mg/kg ASH antinociception; and pre-treatment with MB significantly enhanced the respective doses of ASH antinociception, respectively. Furthermore, co-treatment with L-NAME significantly enhanced the L-arginine reversal effect on 0.426 mg/kg ASH antinociception. In addition, MB significantly reversed the L-arginine nociception on 0.426 mg/kg ASH.


CONCLUSIONS
These finding suggest ASH antinociception involves the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway. The presence of NO was found to reverse ASH antinociceptive activity while blocking of cGMP system enhanced it.
Zakaria
Zainul Amiruddin
ZA
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor. shaza1874@hotmail.com
Sulaiman
Mohd Rosian
MR
Somchit
Muhammad Nazrul
MN
Jais
Abdul Manan Mat
AM
Ali
Daud Israf
DI
D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000502:physiology; D005397:Fish Venoms / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005399:Fishes; D008297:Male; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000379:methods
D000700:Analgesics; D005397:Fish Venoms; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D001120:Arginine; D008751:Methylene Blue; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester