title: Molecular analysis of unknown beta-globin gene mutations using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique and its application in Thai families with beta-thalassemias and beta-globin variants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 40 beta-globin gene mutations have been identified in Thailand. The detection of these mutations is currently performed by the reverse dot blot (RDB) hybridization technique, which could detect only known mutations. We describe here the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) assay for detecting unknown mutations of the beta-globin genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six PCR fragments covering the promoter, entire coding region, and intervening sequences were amplified before separation by the SSCP technique. Fifteen known mutations and two polymorphisms were analyzed by this technique in various gel mixtures and temperatures to compare their mobility shift patterns.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The clear patterns of mobility shift were demonstrated when a 10% polyacrylamide gel with 5% glycerol was used. The sensitivity was found to be 100% when electrophoreses were performed at both room temperature and 6 degrees C. This technique was then applied to screen beta-globin gene mutations in Thai families with similar profiles of abnormal hemoglobins. The distinct patterns of mobility shifts were observed in which further sequencing analysis revealed an AC insertion at codon 146, causing hemoglobin Tak.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PCR-SSCP technique might be a useful molecular technique to minimize the requirement of direct genomic sequencing to identify beta-globin gene mutations and could be applied in several developing countries where resources are limited but genetic hemoglobin disorders are highly prevalent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj-thalassemia Research Program and the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center for the Control of Hemoglobinopathies, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
authors.forename: Worrawut
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chinchang
authors.forename: Vip
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Viprakasit
authors.forename: Parichat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pung-Amritt
authors.forename: Voravarn S
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Tanphaichitr
authors.forename: Pa-thai
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Yenchitsomanus
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D017931:DNA Primers; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005914:Globins / Q000235:genetics*; D006453:Hemoglobinopathies / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D018807:Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational; D013785:Thailand; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D005914:Globins