title: Possible Cis-acting signal that could be involved in the localization of different mRNAs in neuronal axons.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Messenger RNA (mRNA) comprises three major parts: a 5'-UTR (UnTranslated Region), a coding region, and a 3'-UTR. The 3'-UTR contains signal sequences involved in polyadenylation, degradation and localization/stabilization processes. Some sequences in the 3'-UTR are involved in the localization of mRNAs in (e.g.) neurons, epithelial cells, oocytes and early embryos, but such localization has been most thoroughly studied in neurons. Neuronal polarity is maintained by the microtubules (MTs) found along both dendrites and axon and is partially influenced by sub-cellular mRNA localization. A widely studied mRNA is that for Tau protein, which is located in the axon hillock and growth cone; its localization depends on the well-characterized cis-acting signal (U-rich region) in the 3'-UTR.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the cis-acting signal of Tau with mRNAs in the axonal regions of neurons using the ClustalW program for alignment of sequences and the Mfold program for analysis of secondary structures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that at least 3 out of 12 mRNA analyzed (GRP75, cofilin and synuclein) have a sequence similar to the cis-acting signal of Tau in the 3'-UTR. This could indicate that these messengers are localized specifically in the axon. The Mfold program showed that these mRNAs have a similar "bubble" structure in the putative sequence signal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, we suggest that a U-rich sequence in the 3'-UTR region of the mRNA could act as a signal for its localization in the axon in neuronal cells. Sequences homologous to the DTE sequence of BC1 mRNA could direct the messenger to the dendrites. Messengers with homologues of both types of sequence, e.g. beta-actin, might be located in both dendrites and axon.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Col. Industrial-Animas, CP 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. garanda@uv.mx
authors.forename: Gonzalo E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Aranda-Abreu
authors.forename: Ma Elena
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hernández
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Manzo
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D001369:Axons / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008870:Microtubules / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism*; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D017510:Protein Folding; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D016875:tau Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; C054369:MAPT protein, human; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016875:tau Proteins