title: Restoration of elbow flexion by performing contralateral lateral thoracic and thoracodorsal nerve transfers after experimental musculocutaneous nerve transection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The immediate transfer of the right lateral thoracic nerve (LTN) and the thoracodorsal nerve (TDN) to the transected left musculocutaneous nerve (MCN), leading to nerve cross-neurotization, was performed in cats to evaluate reinnervation of the biceps brachii muscle (BBM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Surgery to produce cross-neurotization of the MCN was performed in 12 cats (treatment group). Transection of the MCN was performed without attempts at neurotization in three cats (control group). Reinnervation of the BBM was assessed by performing electromyography (EMG) 6 months (14 cats) and 26 months (one cat) postsurgery. True Blue retrograde axonal tracing studies, tensile force measurements (muscle extensometry), and histopathological analyses were performed. All cats in the treatment group recovered voluntary contraction of the BBM and regained elbow flexion. Electromyography revealed no abnormal spontaneous activity in the BBM. Muscle evoked potentials were recorded in that muscle after right C-8 ventral branch stimulation. The muscle contraction strength in the left BBM varied from 108 to 557 g. The BBMs regained their normal appearances. The region of the MCN distal to the anastomosis displayed a normal histological appearance. Fluorescence was detected in the ventral horn of the spinal cord in the right C-8 and T-1 segments. In contrast, in all cats in the control group there was atrophy of the BBM, no EMG signal, and no clinical sign of recovery. There was no contraction of the BBM, no labeled neuron in the spinal cord, and the MCN displayed major degenerative changes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that the LTN and TDN can be used to neurotize injured contralateral brachial plexus nerves and obtain successful reinnervation in cats.
authors.affiliation: Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, France. pmoissonnier@vet-alfort.fr
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moissonnier
authors.forename: Valérie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cuvilliez
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Carozzo
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Escriou
authors.forename: Kirsten
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gnirs
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blot
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hidalgo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005552:Forelimb / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D009138:Musculocutaneous Nerve / Q000293:injuries* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009416:Nerve Regeneration / Q000502:physiology; D016067:Nerve Transfer / Q000379:methods*; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D013126:Spinal Nerve Roots / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D013900:Thoracic Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome