title: Osteoprogenitor response to defined topographies with nanoscale depths.
abstract: In the development of the next generation of orthopaedic implants for load-bearing applications, an ability to influence osteoprogenitor population activity and function will be highly desirable. This will allow the formation of hard-tissue directly onto the implant, i.e. osseointegration, rather than the formation of fibrous capsules which form around many of the current, non-bioactive, prosthesis. The formation of capsules leads to micromotion due to modulus mismatch and ultimately to fracture and the need for revision surgery. Microtopography and latterly nanotopography have been shown to elicit influence over adhesion, proliferation and gene expression of a wide number of cell types. This study has examined the possibility of modulating cell adhesion using a range of nanometric scale shallow pits and grooves. The topographies were manufactured using photolithography followed by the production of nickel shims and finally embossing into polymethylmethacrylate. Cell testing with human osteoprogenitor populations showed that the nanotopographies allowed control of cell adhesion, cytoskeleton, growth and production of the osteoblastic markers osteocalcin and osteopontin. It is concluded that the human bone marrow stromal cells are highly responsive to nanoscale features.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Cell Engineering, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK. m.dalby@bio.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: Matthew John
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Dalby
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McCloy
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: Chris D W
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: Richard O C
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Oreffo
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000502:physiology; D000368:Aged; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D036103:Nanotechnology; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000378:metabolism; D053495:Osteopontin; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D014404:Tubulin / Q000502:physiology; D014746:Vimentin / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C506895:SPP1 protein, human; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D014404:Tubulin; D014746:Vimentin; D015675:Osteocalcin; D053495:Osteopontin