title: Long-term observation after simultaneous lung and intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although lung transplantation is now an established treatment for end-stage lung diseases, allogeneic transplantation of parenchymal organs requires immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection. It has been reported that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) induces specific tolerance to donor organs. We have recently discovered a new method for BMT, which is called intra-bone marrow (IBM) BMT, in which bone marrow cells (BMCs) are injected directly into the bone marrow cavity. We demonstrate that IBM-BMT can be used to induce tolerance even in simultaneous lung transplantations in rats without administering any immunosuppressants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Allogeneic lung transplantation was carried out from Brown Norway to Lewis rats. Simultaneously, IBM-BMT was carried out.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transplantation of nonirradiated lung or nontreated BMCs (T cell-containing BMCs) induced graft vs host disease. Therefore, the donor lung was irradiated, and T cells in the BMCs were depleted by anti-CD4, anti-CD5, and anti-CD8 antibodies plus anti-mouse antibody-coated magnetic beads. Lung allografts with conventional (intravenous) BMT failed to induce tolerance. However, the recipients treated with lung allografts plus IBM-BMT, which showed either mixed chimerism or full chimerism of hematopoietic cells, did not show symptoms of graft rejection or graft vs host disease, even without the use of immunosuppressants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that simultaneous lung transplantation and IBM-BMT (but not conventional BMT) is effective in inducing persistent tolerance without the use of immunosuppressants.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Moriguchi City, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kaneda
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: Yukihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikebukuro
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Machida
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Keizo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minamino
authors.forename: Yuming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Koike
authors.forename: Jianfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ikehara
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000379:methods; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008168:Lung / Q000502:physiology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D051381:Rats; D011912:Rats, Inbred ACI; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D018183:Transplantation Chimera; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous