title: Jararhagin, a snake venom metalloproteinase, induces a specialized form of apoptosis (anoikis) selective to endothelial cells.
abstract: Jararhagin is a snake venom metalloproteinase (SVMP) from Bothrops jararaca involved in several hemostatic and inflammatory disorders that occur in human envenomings. In this study, we evaluated the effect of jararhagin on endothelial cells (tEnd). The exposure of tEnd to jararhagin (20 and 40microg/ml) resulted in apoptosis with activation of pro-caspase-3 and alterations in the ratio between Bax/Bcl-xL. We observed that apoptosis was followed by decrease of cell viability and the loss of cell adhesion. Jararhagin induced changes in cell shape with a decrease in cell spreading, rounding up and detachment. This was accompanied by a rearrangement of actin network and a decrease in FAK association to actin and in tyrosine phosphorylated proteins. Morphological alterations and apoptosis were abolished when jararhagin catalytic activity was inhibited, indicating the importance of catalysis. Treatment of murine peritoneal adherent cells or fibroblasts with jararhagin did not result in apoptosis. The data indicate that the pro-apoptotic effect of jararhagin is selective to endothelial cells, interfering with the adhesion mechanisms and inducing anoikis. The present model might be useful for the study of the relationships between the architectural changes in the cytoskeleton and the complex phenomenon named anoikis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, Brazil.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tanjoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Weinlich
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Della-Casa
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Clissa
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Saldanha-Gama
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: de Freitas
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barja-Fidalgo
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Amarante-Mendes
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moura-da-Silva
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D023102:Anoikis / Q000187:drug effects*; D017837:Bothrops; D053148:Caspase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D048430:Cell Shape / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects*; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045726:Metalloproteases / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012910:Snake Venoms / Q000201:enzymology*; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000097146:Bothrops jararaca Venom
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D053148:Caspase 3; D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D051416:Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; D045726:Metalloproteases; D012910:Snake Venoms; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D000097146:Bothrops jararaca Venom