title: The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein enhances survival of murine islet allografts.
abstract: Allotransplantation of pancreatic islets represents a promising approach to treat type 1 diabetes. Destruction of beta-cells in islet allografts involves multiple immune mechanisms that lead to activation of caspases and apoptotic cell death. The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) inhibits apoptosis induced by a variety of triggers, primarily by preventing the activation of caspases. To determine whether XIAP would protect beta-cells from apoptosis, we used a recombinant adenovirus to overexpress XIAP in transformed murine beta-cells and in freshly isolated islets. In vitro cytokine-induced beta-cell death was decreased to baseline levels in XIAP-transduced MIN-6 and NIT-1 cell lines compared with controls. To evaluate the potential of XIAP overexpression to prevent in vivo allogeneic graft rejection, we transduced Balb/c islets ex vivo with XIAP before transplantation into CBA mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We observed that almost all mice receiving allografts of XIAP-expressing islets maintained normoglycemia until the experiment was terminated (45-72 days posttransplant), whereas control mice receiving islets transduced with adenovirus expressing LacZ were hyperglycemic by approximately 17 days posttransplantation due to graft rejection. Immunohistochemistry revealed preservation of beta-cells and clearance of infiltrating immune cells in the XIAP-expressing islet grafts. The in vitro allogeneic response of splenocytes isolated from recipients of XIAP-expressing grafts 8 weeks posttransplant was similar to that seen in nonprimed allogeneic mice, suggesting that XIAP overexpression may lead to the acceptance of islet allografts in diabetic recipients. Long-term protection of islet allografts by XIAP overexpression may enhance the survival of islet transplants in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: BC Research Institute for Children's and Women's Health, University of British Columbia, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Room 2071-950, W. 28th Ave., Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada. plesner@interchange.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plesner
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liston
authors.forename: Rusung
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Korneluk
authors.forename: C Bruce
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Verchere
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D015870:Gene Expression; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000502:physiology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008808:Mice, Inbred CBA; D014170:Transformation, Genetic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose