title: The tyrosine kinase Lck is a positive regulator of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway by controlling Bak expression.
abstract: Tyrosine kinases of the Src family have been implicated in key biological processes. Here, we provide evidence that p56(Lck), a lymphoid-specific Src kinase, is involved in the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Lck-deficient T cells were completely resistant to anticancer drugs. In contrast, apoptosis sensitivity to death receptors was not altered, indicating a specific interference of Lck with the mitochondrial pathway. Re-expression of Lck restored sensitivity to drug-induced apoptosis and triggered mitochondrial cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Further analysis identified that the sensitization by Lck was independent of classical mediators of T-cell signaling, but essentially involved the Bcl-2 protein Bak. Expression of Bak was completely absent in Lck-deficient cells, while re-expression of Lck transcriptionally triggered Bak expression and conferred sensitivity to apoptosis, associated with a proapoptotic conformational change of Bak. Furthermore, in vitro the truncated fragment of Bid specifically activated Bak and cytochrome c release only from mitochondria of Lck-expressing cells. These results do not only demonstrate a sentinel role of Lck in drug resistance but also delineate a hitherto unknown pathway of Src kinases in regulation of Bcl-2 proteins.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Düsseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Samraj
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stroh
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze-Osthoff
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein / Q000494:pharmacology; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D019169:Jurkat Cells; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D011487:Protein Conformation; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; C494826:BAX protein, human; D051023:BH3 Interacting Domain Death Agonist Protein; C494814:BID protein, human; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D045304:Cytochromes c; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck); D020169:Caspases