Combined therapy with clonidine and amantadine may act in two stages of glutamate-mediated neuropathic pain caused by a needle puncture in an upper extremity.
Inomata
Shinichi
S
*Department of Anesthesiology †Department of Clinical Pharmacy; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; inomatas@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
Kakiuchi
Yoshihiro
Y
Miyabe
Masayuki
M
Ohara
Yuki
Y
Sukegawa
Iwao
I
Osaka
Yoshiko
Y
Kohda
Yukinao
Y
Toyooka
Hidenori
H
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000547:Amantadine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007649:Ketamine; D000547:Amantadine; D003000:Clonidine