title: Clinical predictors of late-onset seizures and epilepsy in patients with cerebrovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Seizures and epilepsy are harmful and worsen the disability of stroke patients. There are currently no good clinical predictors of late-onset seizures and epilepsy in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).
  
  
  METHODS
  110 patients with delayed seizures after an ischaemic or a haemorrhagic stroke, a transient ischaemic attack or a subarachnoid haemorrhage (60 with a single seizure and 50 with epilepsy) and 366 without seizures were included in this retrospective study. The clinical syndrome, the stroke aetiology and the vascular risk factors were compared. The groups with a single seizure and with epilepsy were also analysed separately.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no differences in age, gender, aetiology and vascular risk factors between the groups with and without seizures. When comparing the incidence of the clinical syndromes, ischaemic partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) was significantly more and transient ischaemic attack less frequent in the group with seizures compared to the control group. The severity of the neurological impairment on admission and the degree of disability on discharge after a PACS was similar in those who developed late-onset seizures compared with those who did not. Also on the Cox proportional hazards analysis, PACS appeared to be the only clinical risk factor for development of seizures and epilepsy in patients with CVD. No differences were observed in clinical predictors between patients with a single seizure and those with epilepsy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PACS is the only independent predictor for the occurrence of late-onset seizures in patients with CVD.
authors.affiliation: Stroke Unit, Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. jacques.dereuck@gmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Reuck
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goethals
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Van Maele
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D020520:Brain Infarction / Q000150:complications; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*