title: The application of Kvaal's dental age calculation technique on panoramic dental radiographs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Literature reports on a method for dental age calculation which is based only on radiological measurements on periapical dental radiographs: the relationship between chronological age and the two-dimensional dental pulpal size was analysed by means of multiple regression analyses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether this approach could be feasible and could lead to statistically sound results with adequate repeatability when applied on panoramic radiographs.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ninety seven panoramic radiographs were collected at random from patients of whom the age ranged from 19 to 75 years. According to the reported technique, six teeth were selected on the panoramic radiograph: in the maxilla the central and lateral incisor and second bicuspid, and in the mandibula the lateral incisor, cuspid and first bicuspid. The same exclusion criteria as in the original paper were respected. Statistical analysis was carried out in order to spot significant differences between the chronological age and the calculated age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  When the age was calculated based on measurements of all six teeth or of all three mandibular teeth, no significant differences were found between the real age and the calculated one. In all other instances using the individual teeth separately or using all three maxillary teeth statistical analysis revealed significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There appears to be no significant difference between applying the original technique on standard long-cone periapical radiographs or on orthopantomograms, especially when carrying out measurements on all six selected teeth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Forensic Odontology, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bosmans
authors.forename: Peirs
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ann
authors.forename: Medhat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aly
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willems
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000366:Age Determination by Teeth / Q000379:methods*; D000368:Aged; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005553:Forensic Dentistry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014070:Tooth / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*