title: Early response to intravenous glucocorticoids for severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy predicts treatment outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The results for 18 consecutive patients with severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) treated with high-dose, pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) are presented in this paper.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighteen (18) patients with severe TAO, defined as either optic neuropathy, progressive diplopia, or severe soft-tissue swelling accompanied by evidence of NOSPECS class 2b or more severe eye disease, were studied in a prospective, noncontrolled case series. Patients were treated with 1.5 g of intravenous MP, divided over 3 days, followed by a tapering course of oral prednisolone. All patients were examined before treatment, 1 week and 1 month after commencement of treatment and at 2-3 monthly intervals thereafter. Assessment of visual acuity, differential intraocular pressure (IOP), soft-tissue inflammation, diplopia, and exophthalmometry were used to calculate a modified ophthalmopathy index (OI) for each patient at each visit. Median duration of follow-up was 14 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A statistically significant reduction in OI following treatment with high-dose MP was observed after 1 week of treatment from 10.8 +/- 3.9 standard deviation (SD) to 8.3 +/- 3.4 (SD) (P < 0.001) and between 1 week and the end of the treatment period (OI, 7.2 +/- 3.4 (SD); P < 0.05). A response occurred in 83% of patients within a week but only 66% maintained this response. There was a significant negative correlation between response to treatment (OI before treatment-OI after treatment) and duration of eye disease (P = 0.034, Spearman correlation).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose, pulsed intravenous MP is an effective medical treatment for severe TAO. Responders can be identified within the 1st week. Treatment response is inversely related to disease duration.
authors.affiliation: Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Pat
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kendall-Taylor
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Crombie
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Perros
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006111:Graves Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D008775:Methylprednisolone