title: Preprohypocretin polymorphisms in Parkinson disease patients reporting "sleep attacks".
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Previously, we found a significant association between the dopamine D2 receptor gene polymorphism Taq IA and sudden onset of sleep in patients with Parkinson disease. Here we evaluated the association between the preprohypocretin (-909T/C), (-22C/T), and (-20C/A) polymorphisms and sudden onset of sleep in the same population of patients with Parkinson disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted an association study analyzing the distribution of preprohypocretin polymorphisms in Germanic, caucasian Parkinson disease patients with and without sudden onset of sleep, matched according to drug therapy, disease duration, sex, and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Movement disorders section at a university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  132 Parkinson disease patients with sudden onset of sleep and 132 Parkinson disease patients without sudden onset of sleep.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples were taken from each participant and used for DNA extraction. Polymorphisms were analyzed by established polymerase chain reaction protocols or direct sequencing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The variant allele T of the (-909T/C) preprohypocretin polymorphism was more commonly found in Parkinson disease patients with sudden onset of sleep. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in the genotype (P = .024) and allele (P = .018) distribution between both groups. For heterozygous and homozygous carriers of allele T, the genotype relative-risk estimates for the presence of sudden onset of sleep were 2.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.76-5.34) and 2.81 (95% confidence interval: 1.09-7.25), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a significant association between the (-909T/C) preprohypocretin polymorphism and sudden onset of sleep in Parkinson disease. However, we could not demonstrate any interaction between the Taq IA and (-909T/C) polymorphisms with respect to the occurrence of sudden onset of sleep, suggesting that multiple genetic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of this phenomenon.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ida
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rissling
authors.forename: Yvonne
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Körner
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Geller
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Stiasny-Kolster
authors.forename: Wolfgang H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Oertel
authors.forename: J Carsten
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Möller
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000235:genetics*; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000378:metabolism; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D064446:Orexin Receptors; D000068797:Orexins; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D018013:Receptors, Neuropeptide; D012321:DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; C455879:Taq sigma A