title: External fixation in comminuted, displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius: is it sufficient?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  External fixation has been extensively used to treat the intra-articular fractures of the distal radius and it has several distinct advantages over conventional POP cast and plate fixation. However, the limitation of external fixation to achieve articular congruity in the comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal radius has been documented in the literature. This could be because external fixation alone does not expand crushed cancellous bone and cannot work without soft tissue hinges. This prospective study was conducted to look at the results of comminuted, displaced intra-articular fractures of the distal radius treated exclusively by external fixation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-year follow-up of 27 patients with comminuted, displaced intra-articular fractures of distal radius that were treated exclusively by external fixation is presented. The radiological results, functional results and complications were analyzed according to the scoring system given by Jakim et al.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anatomical reduction could not be achieved in 12 patients (44%) and reduction was lost in two patients (7%). Excellent and good results were seen in 59.3%, fair results were seen in 22.2% and poor results were seen in 18.5% of the cases. Outcome scores of patients without articular step were significantly better as compared to the patients with articular step at healing. There was a positive correlation between the restoration of normal anatomy (radiological results) and the functional outcome (r=0.775). Overall nine patients (33%) had complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that although the external fixation is reliable in maintaining the reduction in displaced comminuted intra-articular fractures, it is inadequate in restoring articular congruity in many cases. The complications of external fixation are frequent and may be potentially serious in nature.
authors.affiliation: Trauma and Orthopaedics, North Tyneside General Hospital, 225 Addycombe Terrace, Heaton, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE6 5TY, UK. arorajayant@yahoo.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arora
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Malik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016267:External Fixators / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011859:Radiography; D011885:Radius Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome