title: Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 are differentially involved in Fas dependent apoptosis in Peyer's patch and the liver at an early stage after bile duct ligation in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgical management of extrahepatic cholestasis is frequently complicated by bacterial translocation and severe liver injury. The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the pathogenesis of bacterial translocation and liver injury in obstructive cholestasis.
  
  
  METHODS
  TLR2 deficient (TLR2(-/-)), MyD88(-/-), Jalpha281(-/-), gld/gld, and lpr/lpr mice, all of which have a C57BL/6 background, and C3H/HeN and TLR4 mutated C3H/HeJ mice were subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL). Faecal IgA and serum alanine aminotransferase levels were determined after BDL. Apoptosis was examined by histological and flow cytometric analyses of cells from Peyer's patches and the liver.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The size and number of B cells in Peyer's patches markedly decreased on day 3 after BDL. Increased apoptosis in Peyer's patch B cells was evident on day 1 after BDL in control mice but not in lpr/lpr, MyD88(-/-), or C3H/HeJ mice. On the other hand, TLR2 and Fas ligand expression on intrahepatic NK1.1(+) T cells increased on day 1 after BDL in C57BL/6 mice. Liver injury and apoptosis were evident on day 1 after BDL in control and C3H/HeJ mice but were significantly reduced in TLR2(-/-), Jalpha281(-/-), gld/gld, and lpr/lpr mice.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TLR4 and TLR2 may play important roles in Fas dependent apoptosis in Peyer's patch B cells and hepatocytes, respectively, at an early stage after BDL in mice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tagawa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yajima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yoshikai
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000473:pathology; D018988:Bacterial Translocation; D001651:Cholestasis, Extrahepatic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology*; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000502:physiology*; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; C505658:Fasl protein, mouse; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; D000410:Alanine Transaminase