Haploinsufficiency of novel FOXG1B variants in a patient with severe mental retardation, brain malformations and microcephaly.
We have investigated the chromosome abnormalities in a female patient exhibiting a severe cognitive disability associated with complete agenesis of the corpus callosum and microcephaly. The patient carries a balanced de novo translocation t(2;14)(p22;q12), together with a neighbouring 720 kb inversion in chromosome 14q12. By combined fluorescence in situ hybridisation and Southern hybridisation, the distal inversion breakpoint on chromosome 14 was mapped to a region harbouring genes and ESTs derived predominantly from brain tissue. RT-PCR studies indicated that these transcripts comprise the 3' ends of novel splice variants of the winged helix transcription factor FOXG1B (also referred to in previous studies as FOXG1A and FOXG1C, as well as Brain Factor 1), the mouse orthologue of which is essential for normal development of the telencephalon. Analysis of these novel FOXG1B transcripts indicated that they are all disrupted by the breakpoint in the patient. Moreover, we have identified novel orthologous Foxg1 transcripts in the mouse and other vertebrates, which validates the functional importance of these variants and provides a direct genetic link between the patient phenotype and that of the heterozygous Foxg1 knockout mice. These results, together with previously published studies on patients with similar disorders and proximal 14q deletions, strongly suggest that several disorders associated with malformations of the human brain may be directly caused by mutations or alterations in the FOXG1B gene.
Shoichet
Sarah A
SA
Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 73, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Kunde
Stella-Amrei
SA
Viertel
Petra
P
Schell-Apacik
Can
C
von Voss
Hubertus
H
Tommerup
Niels
N
Ropers
Hans-Hilger
HH
Kalscheuer
Vera M
VM
D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics; D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008831:Microcephaly / Q000235:genetics*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection; D014178:Translocation, Genetic
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C090173:FOXG1 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins