title: Postoperative analgesia in children--current practice in Germany.
abstract: German departments of anaesthesia were surveyed to determine current practice of postoperative pain management in children. The response rate of the survey was 58.6%: Questionnaires of 383 departments in which paediatric surgery was performed could be analyzed. 37.3% operated an acute pain service (APS). In 58.8% of the hospitals, postoperative pain management in children was mainly performed by surgeons or pediatricians. Anaesthesiologists or an APS were in charge for pain management in children in 38.6% of the institutions. Non-opioid analgesics were the drugs most widely used (93.4%), whereas i.v. opioids were never used in 20.9% of the hospitals and used less than once a week in 28.7%. The intramuscular route was chosen at least occasionally by 27.7% of the respondents. Peripheral and central regional techniques were performed in most of the departments, however, frequency of use varied considerably between hospitals running or not running an APS. The majority performed the techniques of regional anaesthesia less than once a week. The basic primary quality criterion of pain therapy, a regular measurement and documentation of pain scores, was performed in only 4% of the institutions. Paediatric pain management does not meet quality criteria and standards of care already established in adults. In the future, additional education of the medical staff considering analgesic techniques and measurement of pain scores has to be emphasized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany. ukrike.stamer@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Ulrike M
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Stamer
authors.forename: Nektarios
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mpasios
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maier
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Stuber
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000761:Anesthesia Department, Hospital / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D002648:Child; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D013502:General Surgery / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005858:Germany; D006776:Hospitals, Pediatric / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D007325:Institutional Practice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000592:standards; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010371:Pediatric Nursing / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid