title: Sex and informant effects on diagnostic comorbidity in an adolescent community sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate sex and informant effects on comorbidity rates for anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct-oppositional disorder (CD-ODD) in an adolescent community sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-2.25 (DISC-2.25) was administered to 1201 adolescents and their mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The highest comorbidity risk found was between ADHD and CD-ODD, with odds ratios (ORs) of 17.6 for adolescent reports and 12.0 for mother reports. The second-highest comorbidity risk, with ORs of 13.2 for adolescent reports and 11.0 for mother reports, was between anxiety and depressive disorders. There was not much overlap between internalizing and externalizing disorders. Adolescent girls had higher rates of coexisting anxiety and depressive disorders, whereas adolescent boys had higher rates of coexisting ADHD and CD-ODD. There was partial support for the hypothesis that adolescent-reported comorbidity rates would exceed mother-reported rates.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a greater cooccurrence of within-category, compared with between-category, disorders. Adolescent girls are more likely to have coexisting internalizing disorders, while adolescent boys are more likely to have coexisting externalizing disorders. Mothers tend to report more externalizing disorders (that is, ADHD), while adolescents generally report more internalizing disorders.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario. eromano@uottawa.ca
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Tremblay
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vitaro
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zoccolillo
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pagani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015982:Bias; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007604:Juvenile Delinquency / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008432:Mathematical Computing; D009864:Ontario; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012306:Risk; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012737:Sex Factors