title: Intercomparison of the community multiscale air quality model and CALGRID using process analysis.
abstract: This study was designed to examine the similarities and differences between two advanced photochemical air quality modeling systems: EPA Models-3/CMAQ and CALGRID/CALMET. Both modeling systems were applied to an ozone episode that occurred along the I-5 urban corridor in western Washington and Oregon during July 11-14, 1996. Both models employed the same modeling domain and used the same detailed gridded emission inventory. The CMAQ model was run using both the CB-IV and RADM2 chemical mechanisms, while CALGRID was used with the SAPRC-97 chemical mechanism. Outputfrom the Mesoscale Meteorological Model (MM5) employed with observational nudging was used in both models. The two modeling systems, representing three chemical mechanisms and two sets of meteorological inputs, were evaluated in terms of statistical performance measures for both 1- and 8-h average observed ozone concentrations. The results showed that the different versions of the systems were more similar than different, and all versions performed well in the Portland region and downwind of Seattle but performed poorly in the more rural region north of Seattle. Improving the meteorological input into the CALGRID/CALMET system with planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameters from the Models-3/CMAQ meteorology preprocessor (MCIP) improved the performance of the CALGRID/CALMET system. The 8-h ensemble case was often the best performer of all the cases indicating that the models perform better over longer analysis periods. The 1-h ensemble case, derived from all runs, was not necessarily an improvement over the five individual cases, but the standard deviation about the mean provided a measure of overall modeling uncertainty. Process analysis was applied to examine the contribution of the individual processes to the species conservation equation. The process analysis results indicated that the two modeling systems arrive at similar solutions by very different means. Transport rates are faster and exhibit greater fluctuations in the CMAQ cases than in the CALGRID cases, which lead to different placement of the urban ozone plumes. The CALGRID cases, which rely on the SAPRC97 chemical mechanism, exhibited a greater diurnal production/loss cycle of ozone concentrations per hour compared to either the RADM2 or CBIV chemical mechanisms in the CMAQ cases. These results demonstrate the need for specialized process field measurements to confirm whether we are modeling ozone with valid processes.
authors.affiliation: Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory, USDA Forest Service, 400 N 34th Street, Suite 201, Seattle, Washington 98103, USA. oneill@fs.fed.us
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: O'Neill
authors.forename: Brian K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Lamb
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis / Q000592:standards*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009922:Oregon; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis*; D014861:Washington
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D010126:Ozone