title: Assessment of the economic impact of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome on swine production in the United States.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the annual cost of infections attributable to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus to US swine producers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Economic analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data on the health and productivity of PRRS-affected and PRRS-unaffected breeding herds and growing-pig populations were collected from a convenience sample of swine farms in the midwestern United States.
  
  
  METHODS
  Health and productivity variables of PRRS-affected and PRRS-unaffected swine farms were analyzed to estimate the impact of PRRS on specific farms. National estimates of PRRS incidence were then used to determine the annual economic impact of PRRS on US swine producers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRRS affected breeding herds and growing-pig populations as measured by a decrease in reproductive health, an increase in deaths, and reductions in the rate and efficiency of growth. Total annual economic impact of these effects on US swine producers was estimated at dollar 66.75 million in breeding herds and dollar 493.57 million in growing-pig populations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PRRS imposes a substantial financial burden on US swine producers and causes approximately dollar 560.32 million in losses each year. By comparison, prior to eradication, annual losses attributable to classical swine fever (hog cholera) and pseudorabies were estimated at dollar 364.09 million and dollar 36.27 million, respectively (adjusted on the basis of year 2004 dollars). Current PRRS control strategies are not predictably successful; thus, PRRS-associated losses will continue into the future. Research to improve our understanding of ecologic and epidemiologic characteristics of the PRRS virus and technologic advances (vaccines and diagnostic tests) to prevent clinical effects are warranted.
authors.affiliation: Office of Swine Health Information and Research, National Pork Board, 1776 NW 114th St, Clive, IA 50325, USA.
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: James B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kliebenstein
authors.forename: Colin D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Mabry
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Bush
authors.forename: Ann H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Seitzinger
authors.forename: Alice L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zimmerman
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000191:economics*; D000818:Animals; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000191:economics / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D005260:Female; D019318:Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012098:Reproduction; D013552:Swine; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary