title: High affinity targets of protein kinase inhibitors have similar residues at the positions energetically important for binding.
abstract: Inhibition of protein kinase activity is a focus of intense drug discovery efforts in several therapeutic areas. Major challenges facing the field include understanding of the factors determining the selectivity of kinase inhibitors and the development of compounds with the desired selectivity profile. Here, we report the analysis of sequence variability among high and low affinity targets of eight different small molecule kinase inhibitors (BIRB796, Tarceva, NU6102, Gleevec, SB203580, balanol, H89, PP1). It is observed that all high affinity targets of each inhibitor are found among a relatively small number of kinases, which have similar residues at the specific positions important for binding. The findings are highly statistically significant, and allow one to exclude the majority of kinases in a genome from a list of likely targets for an inhibitor. The findings have implications for the design of novel inhibitors with a desired selectivity profile (e.g. targeted at multiple kinases), the discovery of new targets for kinase inhibitor drugs, comparative analysis of different in vivo models, and the design of "a-la-carte" chemical libraries tailored for individual kinases.
authors.affiliation: Informatics, Aventis, Sanofi Aventis Group 1041 Route 202-206, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA. felix.sheinerman@aventis.com
authors.forename: Felix B
authors.initials: FB
authors.lastname: Sheinerman
authors.forename: Elie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giraud
authors.forename: Abdelazize
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Laoui
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001549:Benzamides; D001665:Binding Sites / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D008024:Ligands; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010879:Piperazines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D055672:Static Electricity; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: C108123:4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(tert-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine; D000596:Amino Acids; D001549:Benzamides; D008024:Ligands; D010879:Piperazines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011720:Pyrazoles; D011743:Pyrimidines; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D011494:Protein Kinases