title: Phase II multicenter study of induction chemotherapy followed by concurrent efaproxiral (RSR13) and thoracic radiotherapy for patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efaproxiral (RSR13) reduces hemoglobin oxygen-binding affinity, facilitates oxygen release, and increases tissue pO2. We conducted a phase II multicenter study that assessed the efficacy and safety of efaproxiral when administered with thoracic radiation therapy (TRT), following induction chemotherapy, for treatment of locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with locally advanced NSCLC were enrolled at 13 sites. Treatment comprised two cycles of paclitaxel (225 mg/m2) and carboplatin (area under the curve, 6), 3 weeks apart, followed by TRT (64 Gy/32 fractions) with concurrent efaproxiral (50 to 100 mg/kg). Survival results were compared with results of study Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 94-10.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall response rate was 75% (37 of 49 patients). Complete and partial response rates were 6% (three of 49 patients) and 69% (34 of 49 patients), respectively. Median survival time (MST) was 20.6 months (95% CI, 14.0 to 24.2); overall survival rates at 1- and 2-years were 67% and 37%, respectively. Survival results were compared with the sequential (S-CRT) and concurrent (C-CRT) chemoradiotherapy arms of RTOG 94-10. MSTs for cases matched by stage, Karnofsky performance status, and age were: RT-010, 20.6 months; S-CRT, 15.1 months; and C-CRT, 17.9 months. Grade 3 to 4 toxicities related to efaproxiral that occurred in more than one patient included transient hypoxemia (19%), radiation pneumonitis (11%), and fatigue (4%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Addition of efaproxiral to S-CRT represents a promising approach in NSCLC treatment, and a randomized study should be pursued. The low incidence of grade 3 to 4 toxicities suggests that the use of efaproxiral instead of a cytotoxic agent, as a radiation sensitizer, may be advantageous.
authors.affiliation: Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. hak.choy@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Hak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Choy
authors.forename: Abdenour
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nabid
authors.forename: Baldassarre
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stea
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Wilson
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Roa
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kleinberg
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ayoub
authors.forename: Colum
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Souhami
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hamburg
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Spanos
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kreisman
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Boyd
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Cagnoni
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Curran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011422:Propionates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000814:Aniline Compounds; D011422:Propionates; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; D016190:Carboplatin; C067396:efaproxiral; D017239:Paclitaxel