title: Functions of the Per/ARNT/Sim domains of the hypoxia-inducible factor.
abstract: The heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays an important role in the progression of a number of processes in which O2 availability is compromised and, as such, has become an increasingly attractive therapeutic target. Although tremendous progress has been made in recent years in unraveling the mechanisms underlying O2-dependent regulation of HIF through its O2-dependent degradation domain and C-terminal transactivation domain, our understanding of the contributions of other structural elements, particularly the Per/ARNT/Sim (PAS)-A and PAS-B domains, to the activity of HIF is incomplete. Using insights derived from the recently determined solution structures of the HIF PAS-B domains as a starting point, we have explored the function(s) of the HIF-2alpha PAS domains via mutational analysis. In contrast to recent models, our data reveal that both PAS domains of the HIF-alpha subunit are necessary for heterodimer formation but are not required to mediate other HIF functions in which PAS domains have been implicated. Because disruption of individual PAS domains compromise HIF function independent of the mechanism of HIF induction, these data demonstrate the potential utility of targeting these domains for therapeutic applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, USA.
authors.forename: Jinsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Paul J A
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Erbel
authors.forename: Kevin H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Kan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Richard K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Bruick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator / Q000378:metabolism; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D016466:CHO Cells; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D006224:Cricetinae; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D019281:Dimerization; D017353:Gene Deletion; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000860:Hypoxia; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D014162:Transfection; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1
chemical_list: D051784:Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D051793:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010100:Oxygen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000099162:Endothelial PAS Domain-Containing Protein 1; C497397:Arnt protein, mouse; C101750:Sim1 protein, mouse