title: Impact of treatment with protease inhibitors on aortic stiffness in adult patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of antiretroviral therapy in acceleration of atherosclerosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is controversial. We hypothesized that aortic stiffness, an early marker of arteriosclerosis, may be increased in HIV patients treated with protease inhibitors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 32 HIV-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors and 32 age-, sex-, and blood pressure-matched HIV-uninfected control subjects, we obtained aortic pulse wave velocity and central aortic pressure waveform, from which aortic augmentation was calculated. HIV patients had a higher aortic pulse wave velocity (7.6+/-1.1 versus 6.8+/-1.2 m x s(-1), P=0.015) and aortic augmentation (6.8+/-5 versus 4.6+/-4 mm Hg, P=0.037) than control subjects. Age and HIV infection (both P<0.05) independently predicted aortic pulse wave velocity when a consistent number of cardiovascular risk factors was simultaneously controlled for. The cumulative duration of treatment was a predictor of aortic pulse wave velocity, each 5 years of treatment duration being independently related to a 1.35 m x s(-1) increase in pulse wave velocity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aortic stiffness is increased in HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy including a protease inhibitor. Pulse wave velocity increases with longer exposure to protease inhibitors. We hypothesize that arteriosclerosis is a side effect of antiretroviral treatment including a protease inhibitor.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Arteriosclerosis, University of Perugia, Italy. skill@unipg.it
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schillaci
authors.forename: Giuseppe V L
authors.initials: GV
authors.lastname: De Socio
authors.forename: Matteo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pirro
authors.forename: Gianluca
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Savarese
authors.forename: Massimo R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Mannarino
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldelli
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stagni
authors.forename: Elmo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mannarino
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors