title: White matter abnormalities in early-onset schizophrenia: a voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate abnormalities in the structural integrity of brain white matter as suggested by diffusion tensor imaging in adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia (onset of psychosis by age 18).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six patients with schizophrenia and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers received diffusion tensor imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Fractional anisotropy maps were compared between groups in the white matter using a voxelwise analysis after intersubject registration to Talairach space.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with healthy volunteers, patients demonstrated lower fractional anisotropy values in the left anterior cingulate region in close proximity to the caudate nucleus (95% confidence interval of schizophrenic-healthy: -66 to -20). Using regression analysis, the rate of change in fractional anisotropy differed significantly between groups in this region across the age span examined (10-20 years), after adjusting for group differences in premorbid intellectual capacity and parental socioeconomic status. There were no areas of significantly higher fractional anisotropy in patients compared with healthy volunteers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that early-onset schizophrenia is associated with a disruption in the structural integrity of white matter tracts in the anterior cingulate region. These structural abnormalities may contribute to the deficits in motivation, attention, memory, and higher executive functions in adolescents with schizophrenia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY 11004, USA. skumra@lij.edu
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kumra
authors.forename: Manzar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashtari
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Cervellione
authors.forename: Inika
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Henderson
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kester
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Roofeh
authors.forename: Jinghui
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Tana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Clarke
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Thaden
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kane
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rhinewine
authors.forename: Todd
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lencz
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Babak A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Ardekani
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Szeszko
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002648:Child; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology