title: Real-time magnetic resonance imaging to guide pediatric endovascular procedures.
abstract: Although x-ray fluoroscopy (XRF) has guided diagnostic and therapeutic transcatheter procedures for decades, certain limitations still exist. XRF still visualizes tissue poorly and relies on projection of shadows that do not convey depth information. Adjunctive echocardiography overcomes some of these limitations but still suffers suboptimal or unreliable imaging windows. Furthermore, ionizing radiation exposure in children imparts a cancer risk. An interventional platform using real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may offer superior image guidance without radiation. Although there are many remaining challenges, but real-time MRI has the potential to revolutionize transcatheter therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 2c713, MSC 1538, Bethesda, MD 20892-1538, USA.
authors.forename: A N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Raval
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Lederman
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D006321:Heart / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D011859:Radiography; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*