title: [No detectable nephrotoxic side effect using a dimer, non-ionic contrast media in cerebral perfusion computed tomography in case of suspected brain ischemia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In suspected brain ischemia, the perfusion cerebral computed tomography (cCT) should be performed with the lowest amount of contrast media to avoid a contrast media induced nephropathy (CIN) even if the patient already is in renal failure. We were interested to find the best parameters for this examination.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 2000 to March 2003, 138 patients (58 females, 80 males, mean age 66.8 years) underwent cCT-perfusion immediately after the admission to our stroke unit. Of these patients, 62% (n = 86) had normal renal function and 38% (n = 52) renal failure (up to 381 micromol/l basic serum creatinine). We varied volume (20-80 ml), flow (5 vs. 7.2 ml/s) and concentration (270 vs. 320 ml/mg iodine) of a dimer, non-ionic contrast media (Visipaque) to establish 5 groups. So we got patients receiving 6 g, 12 g, 16 g, 19 g and 25 g of iodine. After generating the perfusion maps, two radiologists reviewed the quality of the maps and scored it (1-5). We measured the serum creatinine before contrast application and at follow up cCT (days 3 and 7).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The quality of the maps increases with increasing amount of iodine. However, the diagnostic result was not significantly better using more than about 16 g of iodine (e. g., 60 ml--7.2 ml/s--270 mg/ml) in cCT-perfusion studies. Only one patient had a pathologic increase in serum creatinine (day 1: 93; day 4: 146 micromol/l) but died at day 5 because of massive co-morbidity and septic pneumonia. No CIN occurred even in the patient group with pre-existent renal failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  About 60 ml contrast media and a moderate flow rate of about 7 ml/s ensure good results in perfusion-cCT, even if the patients have poor blood circulation or arteriosclerosis. The use of a dimer, non-ionic contrast media (range of 6-25 g iodine) seems to minimize the risk of CIN in the daily routine.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Greifswald. drmpetrik@web.de
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petrik
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Weigel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kirsch
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hosten
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013997:Time Factors; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D003404:Creatinine; C044834:iodixanol