title: The dentin sialoprotein (DSP) expression in rat tooth germs following fluoride treatment: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: Fluoride is known to alter expression of dentin matrix proteins and affect their posttranslational modifications.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of our study was to examine dentin sialoprotein (DSP) expression in the early and late bell stages of development of the first molar tooth germs in rats treated with fluoride.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant dumps were divided into three groups. They were fed a standard diet and from the fifth day of pregnancy, each group received either tap water (with trace amounts of fluoride), tap water with a low concentration of fluoride, or tap water with a high concentration of fluoride. Changes in DSP expression and distribution were visualized by immunohistochemistry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoreactivity for DSP was detected in the cervical regions of the early bell stage in tooth germs of the 1-day-old animals. The earliest reaction was visible in the control group and the group supplemented with the low fluoride concentration (F(L)) but not in the group supplemented with the high fluoride concentration (F(H)). In early bell stages across all experimental groups, the immunoreactivity to DSP was observed in the cusp tip regions and was localized to preameloblasts, young and mature odontoblasts, dental pulp cells, predentin, and dentin. Generally, more intense positive staining for DSP was detected in animals supplemented with the high fluoride concentration. In the late bell stage found in the 4-day-old control group and the group supplemented with the low fluoride concentration, immunoreactivity for DSP was less intense compared with younger animals. However, immunoreactivity was greater in the group treated with the high dose of fluoride. In this group, the positive immunostaining for DSP, especially in young ameloblasts, was prolonged and relatively strong.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fluoride supplementation causes changes in the developmental pattern of DSP expression and its distribution in rat tooth germs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Implantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 18 Orzeszkowa Str., 80-208 Gdansk, Poland. Izabelam@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: Izabela
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maciejewska
authors.forename: Jan Henryk
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Spodnik
authors.forename: Sławomir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wójcik
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Domaradzka-Pytel
authors.forename: Zdzisław
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Bereznowski
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000565:Ameloblasts / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000737:chemistry; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry; D004326:Drinking; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011247:Pregnancy; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D000099311:Dentin Sialophosphoprotein