title: Responsiveness of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire: consequences of using different external criteria.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the consequences of using different external criteria on responsiveness of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) in patients with chronic low back pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire measures before and after rehabilitation treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rehabilitation centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain, referred for treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RMDQ was used to assess self-reported functional status. The used external criteria were: (1) global perceived effect of change in complaints; (2) global perceived effect of change in ability to take care of oneself; (3) change in rating of pain intensity; (4) smallest real difference. Standardized response means, pooled effect sizes and receiver operating curves were calculated to determine responsiveness and to enable comparison of effect sizes with the thresholds of Cohen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standardized response means ranged from 1.33 to 3.45, pooled effect sizes ranged from 1.50 to 2.81, and areas under curves ranged from 0.76 to 1.00, dependent on the used external criterion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All pooled effect sizes were well above 0.80, and all other statistics were high, indicating good responsiveness of the RMDQ. However, considerable differences were found in responsiveness, when using different external criteria in a same study population. Therefore, it can be concluded that the magnitude of the responsiveness statistic depends on the used external criteria.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Rehabilitation, University Medical Centre Groningen, The Netherlands. w.kuijer@rev.umcg.nl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kuijer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Brouwer
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jorritsma
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Groothoff
authors.forename: J H B
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Geertzen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000145:classification*; D012047:Rehabilitation Centers; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires