title: The role of helminth infections in protection from atopic disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The observation that allergies are less prevalent in developing countries, especially in rural areas, has stimulated considerable research to identify environmental factors associated with protection against allergic disorders. Here, we review recent studies conducted in developing countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiological studies conducted in South America, Asia and Africa have attempted to identify factors associated with differences in prevalence of atopy, asthma and atopic dermatitis. Particular attention is given to the complex relationship between helminth infections and allergies. In answer to the question of whether helminth infections are associated with protection against allergic disorders, conflicting data have been generated. In addition to epidemiological studies, animal models have been utilized to gain insight into the immunological mechanisms involved in the interaction between helminth infections and allergies. These animal studies are discussed. The possible explanations for discrepancies found within both human and murine studies have been considered, highlighting the need for further research.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An in-depth understanding of the relevant protective mechanisms against allergic disorders will open the possibility of developing novel therapeutics to prevent the allergic march worldwide.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. m.yazdanbakhsh@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yazdanbakhsh
authors.forename: Sitti
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wahyuni
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D004435:Eating; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006373:Helminthiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens