title: Anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-truxillic acid derivatives and their monomer components.
abstract: The anti-inflammatory activities of alpha-truxillic acid (1) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (2) as well as their monomer components (E)-cinnamic acid (3) and (E)-p-coumaric acid (4) were evaluated in the formalin test. alpha-Truxillic acid (1) and its derivative 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (2) exhibited significant activity against inflammatory pain response, while their monomer components (E)-cinnamic acid (3) and (E)-p-coumaric acid (4) did not show any activity against either neurogenic or inflammatory pain responses induced by formalin in mice. These results suggested that the dimeric structure might play an important role for the expression of anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, in order to gain information on their potencies, their anti-inflammatory activities were compared with that of incarvillateine (5) which contains the same dimeric structure and showed more potent antinociceptive activity than morphine in the formalin test. The activities of alpha-truxillic acid (1) and 4,4'-dihydroxy-alpha-truxillic acid (2) at the dose of 40 mg/kg against inflammatory pain response were equal to that of incarvillateine at doses of 20 mg/kg.
authors.affiliation: Seiwa Pharmaceutical. Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan. chi-59@unimatec.co.jp
authors.forename: Yu-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Toyokichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshizawa
authors.forename: Xi-Ying
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Wen-Mei
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
authors.forename: Junei
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinjo
authors.forename: Toshihiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nohara
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakurada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002934:Cinnamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D003373:Coumaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D003503:Cyclobutanes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005557:Formaldehyde; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects; D016339:Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002934:Cinnamates; D003373:Coumaric Acids; D003503:Cyclobutanes; C029010:cinnamic acid; D005557:Formaldehyde; C003731:truxillic acid