Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell-mediated non-cytolytic antiviral mechanisms and their potential for cell-based therapy.
In healthy adult Homo sapiens, the most frequent circulating gammadelta T cells (Vgamma9Vdelta2) respond to pyrophosphomonoesters, alkylamines (together referred to as non-peptidic antigens, NpAgs) and nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates. The seemingly very low toxicity of bisphosphonate and pyrophosphomonoester drugs in vivo, may allow novel approaches to the immunotherapy of viral infections. For example, these drugs can be used to stimulate Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells to release antiviral molecules that directly suppress virus replication without destroying the virus-replicating cells. In addition, the soluble molecules released by gammadelta T cells could boost the antiviral potency of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and promote antigen presentation. The relative therapeutic value of drug-induced direct antiviral and immunoregulatory activities may depend on the infecting virus as well as on the nature of protective immune responses.
Poccia
Fabrizio
F
Unit of Cellular Immunology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy.
Agrati
Chiara
C
Martini
Federico
F
Mejia
Gloria
G
Wallace
Marianne
M
Malkovsky
Miroslav
M
D019264:Adoptive Transfer; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta / Q000276:immunology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000637:transplantation; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000276:immunology
D016692:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta