title: Impact of fluconazole prophylaxis on incidence and outcome of invasive candidiasis in a neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assessed the impact of intravenous fluconazole prophylaxis (FP) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW [<1000 g]) infants on the incidence of and outcome from invasive candidiasis (IC) in all infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
  
  
  METHODS
  Beginning April 1, 2002, FP was given to ELBW infants aged < 5 days admitted to the NICU of Woman's Hospital of Texas. Infants in NICU in whom IC developed during the first 2 years of FP (FP period) were compared with those with IC during 2000-2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 2000-2001 and the FP period, the incidence of IC in ELBW infants decreased from 7% (15 of 206) to 2% (5 of 240) (P=.01), and the IC-related mortality rate decreased from 12% (4 of 33) to 0 (0 of 40) (P=.04); the incidence of IC increased from 0.1% (4 of 2806) to 0.2% (8 of 3372) in infants of birth weight > or = 1000 g (P=.06), and no IC-related deaths occurred. During the FP period, IC developed in older infants (24 vs 12 days; P=.12) who had similar risk factors for IC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Invasive candidiasis occurred in our NICU in spite of FP and shifted to bigger, more mature infants who had a better outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and The Woman's Hospital of Texas, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. chealy@bcm.tmc.edu
authors.forename: C Mary
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Healy
authors.forename: Carol J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zaccaria
authors.forename: Judith R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D015725:Fluconazole