title: Fibromodulin is expressed in leiomyoma and myometrium and regulated by gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue therapy and TGF-beta through Smad and MAPK-mediated signalling.
abstract: Microarray gene expression profiling revealed fibromodulin (FMOD) is among differentially expressed genes in leiomyoma (L) and myometrium. Using realtime PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, we validated the expression of FMOD in paired leiomyoma and myometrium (N = 20) during the menstrual cycle, from women who received gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) therapy (N = 7) and in leiomyoma and myometrial (M) smooth muscle cells (SMC) due to transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and GnRHa treatment. The results indicated that FMOD is expressed at significantly higher levels in leiomyoma as compared to myometrium from proliferative phase (two- to three-folds; P < 0.05), but not the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, whereas GnRHa therapy reduced FMOD expression to levels detected in myometrium from proliferative phase (P = 0.05). By using western blotting and immunohistochemistry immunoreactive FMOD was detected in leiomyoma and myometrial tissue-extract and in LSMC and MSMC, connective tissue fibroblasts and arterial walls. In a time- and cell-dependent manner, TGF-beta1 (2.5 ng/ml) increased the expression of FMOD in MSMC, whereas GnRHa (0.1 microM) inhibited that in MSMC and LSMC (P < 0.05). The effect of TGF-beta and GnRHa on FMOD expression was reversed following pretreatment of LSMC and MSMC with Smad3 SiRNA and U0126 (MEK1/2 inhibitor), respectively. In summary, menstrual cycle-dependent expression of FMOD and suppression following GnRHa therapy in leiomyoma and myometrium, as well as differential regulation by TGF-beta and GnRHa in vitro suggests that FMOD, a key regulator of tissue organization, plays a critical role in leiomyoma fibrotic characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Department of OB/GYN, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levens
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: R Stan
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chegini
mesh_terms: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D005260:Female; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology; D009215:Myometrium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000604330:FMOD protein, human; D011509:Proteoglycans; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases