title: Selenium and mortality in the elderly: results from the EVA study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inadequate plasma selenium can adversely affect the maintenance of optimal health; therefore, reported decreases in plasma selenium in an aging population are cause for concern. To further examine this hypothesis, we explored the relationships between plasma selenium and mortality in an elderly population: the EVA (Etude du Vieillissement Artériel) study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The EVA study was a 9-year longitudinal study with 6 periods of follow-up. During the 2-year period from 1991 to 1993 (EVA0), 1389 men and women born between 1922 and 1932 were recruited. The effects of plasma selenium at baseline on mortality were determined by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, adjusting for the following variables: sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, health, and cognitive factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 9-year follow-up, 101 study participants died. Baseline plasma selenium was higher in individuals who were alive at the end of follow-up [mean (SD), 1.10 (0.20) micromol/L] than in those who died during the follow-up [1.01 (0.20) micromol/L; P <10(-4)]. Mortality rates were significantly higher in individuals with low selenium [increments = 0.2 micromol/L; relative risk (RR) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval, 1.28-1.89)]. After we controlled for various potential confounding factors, this association remained significant [RR = 1.54 (1.25-1.88)]. When the underlying causes of death were considered, we found an association with cancer-related mortality [adjusted RR = 1.79 (1.32-2.44)].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even if it is premature to present selenium as a longevity indicator in an elderly population, our results are in accordance those of large, interventional, randomized trials with selenium, which suggest that this essential trace element plays a role in health maintenance in aging individuals.
authors.affiliation: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale E0361, Pathologies du Système Nerveux: Recherche Epidémiologique et Clinique; Université Montpellier I. Hôpital La Colombière, France. akbaraly@monto.inserm.fr
authors.forename: N Tasnime
authors.initials: NT
authors.lastname: Akbaraly
authors.forename: Josiane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnaud
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hininger-Favier
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gourlet
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Roussel
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012643:Selenium / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D012643:Selenium