title: Effects of copper and zinc on the production of homocysteine-induced extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effects of copper and zinc on the production of homocysteine-induced extracellular matrix metalloproteinase-2 in cultured rats vascular smooth muscle cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the effects of different homocysteine levels (0-1000 micromol/l) on matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) production, and the effects of different copper and zinc concentrations (0-300 micromol/l) on homocysteine-induced MMP-2 in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) using gelatin zymography and western blotting. We further compared the changes of MMP-2 under various treatments for 24, 48 and 72 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Homocysteine (50-1000 micromol/l) increased the production of MMP-2 significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Copper decreased the homocysteine-induced MMP-2 under these conditions in a dose-dependent manner, but zinc did not. Production of MMP-2 under various treatments for 72 h increased more than 24 h and 48 h.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extracellular added copper decreased homocysteine-induced MMP-2 secretion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Huayu Hospital, China Medical College, Shaoxin, Zhejiang, 312030, China. ghangyuan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hangyuan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Jong-Dae
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hiroyasu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uzui
authors.forename: Kiyohiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyoda
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geshi
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D003300:Copper; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D015032:Zinc