Neurodegenerative diseases: an overview of environmental risk factors.
The population of the United States is aging, and an ever-increasing number of Americans are afflicted with neurodegenerative diseases. Because the pathogenesis of many of these diseases remains unknown, we must consider that environmental factors may play a causal role. This review provides an overview of the epidemiologic evidence for environmental etiologies for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, parkinsonian syndromes (multiple system atrophy and progressive supranuclear palsy), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Epidemiologic evidence for an association between environmental agents' exposure and neurodegenerative diseases is not conclusive. However, there are indications that there may be causal links, and the need for more research is obvious.
Brown
Rebecca C
RC
Association of Schools of Public Health, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. brown.rebecca@epa.gov
Lockwood
Alan H
AH
Sonawane
Babasaheb R
BR
D000367:Age Factors; D015982:Bias; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D019636:Neurodegenerative Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D018401:Sample Size; D015262:Xenobiotics / Q000633:toxicity*
D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D015262:Xenobiotics