title: The AMPA antagonist ZK 200775 in patients with acute ischaemic stroke: a double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled safety and tolerability study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  ZK 200775 is a selective competitive AMPA receptor antagonist. It has demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy in experimental models of stroke and tolerability in healthy volunteers. We tested the safety and tolerability of ZK 200775 in patients with acute ischaemic stroke.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a multicentre double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase II trial, 61 ischaemic stroke patients were treated with either placebo or active drug in a dose finding design. Twenty-five patients received placebo, 12 patients received a total dose of 262.5 mg in 48 h (group 1) and 13 patients received a total dose of 525 mg in 48 h (group 2), and 11 patients received a total dose of 105 mg over a period of 6 h (group 3). We studied the pharmacokinetics of the compound and the effect of the infusion on the neurologic and haemodynamic parameters of the patients. The study was not powered to detect neuroprotective efficacy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group 2 there was a significant transient worsening in the mean NIH stroke scale score 14- 18 h after the start of treatment. This was due to reduction of consciousness (stupor and coma) in 8 out of 13 patients. Level of consciousness improved approximately 6 h after cessation of infusion. No significant haemodynamic responses were observed. Even after reduction of the administered dose and duration of infusion to 6 h (group 3), 2 patients experienced a reduction in level of consciousness. The effect of ZK 200775 on level of consciousness gave cause for concern and the trial was stopped prematurely for safety reasons.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AMPA antagonist ZK 200775 reversibly worsened the neurological condition in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Our results suggest that ZK 200775 exerts significant sedative effects in patients with acute stroke which preclude its further development as a neuroprotective agent in this indication.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. m.walters@clinmed.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaste
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Lees
authors.forename: Hans C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Diener
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hommel
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Keyser
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiner
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Versavel
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D018091:Receptors, AMPA / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D063065:Organophosphonates; D011810:Quinoxalines; D018091:Receptors, AMPA; C114423:ZK 200775