title: Dietary habits and risk of urothelial cancer incidence in the JACC Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationships between dietary habits and urothelial cancer have been discussed in many epidemiologic studies, however, they have not been sufficiently elucidated. In the present study, the associations of dietary habits with the risk of urothelial cancer incidence were evaluated taking into consideration sex, age, and smoking habits.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) was planned in the late 1980s as a large-scale cohort study surveying people comprehensively and detailing their lifestyles, and the study subjects were followed up until the end of 1997. Among the total of 110,792 participants, 26,464 men and 38,720 women were in areas where incident cases with cancer were identified. During the observation period, 95 men and 28 women suffered from urothelial cancer. Hazard ratios for dietary factors were calculated by Cox's proportional hazards model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increasing age, male gender, and smoking history were all significantly associated with the risk of urothelial cancer. High consumption of pork was significantly associated with the risk. In contrast, high intakes of milk and fresh fish were significantly inversely associated with the risk. High intakes of Chinese cabbage and fruits were also significantly inversely associated with the risk of urothelial cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that high intakes of milk, fresh fish, Chinese cabbage, and fruits have preventive effects against urothelial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakauchi
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozasa
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004034:Diet Surveys; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology*