title: Estrogen equivalent concentration of individual isomer-specific 4-nonylphenol in Ariake sea water, Japan.
abstract: Concentrations of 4-nonylphenol (NP) were determined by isomer-specific quantification of individual NP isomers based on relative response factor (RRF) quantification with GC-MS in combination with steam distillation extraction. Concentrations of NP in the Ariake Sea decreased with distance from the river mouth (St.A; 49 ng NP/l) to offshore areas (St.C; 11 ng NP/l). Even the least concentration in water from St.C in Ariake Sea was sufficient to have adverse effects on barnacles. The isomers, NP1-NP14 were separated by GC-PFC and identified structurally with NMR. The isomers varied in estrogenic activity with NP7 exhibiting the greatest estrogenic activity with a potency that was approximately 1.9 x 10(-3) that of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in recombinant yeast screen system. The coefficient of variation (CV) of NP isomer's concentrations among three samples at St.A, B and C were 4-75%. This suggests that NP isomers might be independently degraded in aquatic environmental samples. The predicted estrogenic activity of measured concentrations of NP in Ariake Sea was 2.7-3.0-fold greater than the measured estrogen agonist activity.
authors.affiliation: College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
authors.forename: Yun-Seok
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Katase
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horii
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Taketo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujimoto
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D007536:Isomerism; D007564:Japan; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis*; D012623:Seawater / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C041594:4-nonylphenol