title: Development of an assessment tool for dactylitis in patients with psoriatic arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is characterized by inflammatory arthritis in the presence of psoriasis. Certain clinical features help characterize this disorder, one of which is dactylitis. Hitherto an instrument for quantifying dactylitis has not been developed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A dactylitis score sheet was developed. The score is a function of finger circumference and tenderness, assessed and summed across all dactylitic digits. Initial results were obtained on a small sample of patients attending clinics. Inter and intraobserver agreement on the presence of dactylitis using kappa agreement statistics, and the validity and reliability of the instrument, using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), were assessed in a further group of 7 patients with PsA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Tender dactylitis was deemed present in 74 digits out of a total of 280 (140 digits on each occasion). Kappa agreement scores for the presence of tender dactylitis were poor to good, both within and between observers (0.25 to 0.89 between observers and 0.29 to 0.91 within observers). Agreement scores for non-tender dactylitis were poor (0.01 to 0.66 between observers and 0.01 to 0.59 within-observer agreement). The new dactylitis instrument was simple and easy to administer and was found to measure appropriate scores in patients with different severity of dactylitis. Inter and intraobserver agreement was good (interobserver ICC 0.90, 95% CI 0.74-0.98; intraobserver ICC 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.92). Intraobserver ICC improved but interobserver ICC deteriorated by rating simply presence or absence, rather than a 4 point grade, of tenderness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A new method for quantifying dactylitis based on digital circumference and tenderness has been described. This instrument has shown good inter and intraobserver reliability. Further studies of responsiveness are now required.
authors.affiliation: St. Lukes Hospital, Academic Unit of Musculoskeletal and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. p.helliwell@leeds.ac.uk
authors.forename: Philip S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Helliwell
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Firth
authors.forename: Gamal H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Richard D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Melsom
authors.forename: Irfan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Deborah E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Turner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015535:Arthritis, Psoriatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D005260:Female; D005384:Finger Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012219:Rheumatology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014034:Toes / Q000503:physiopathology*