title: Comparison of postoperative pain after ovariohysterectomy by harmonic scalpel-assisted laparoscopy compared with median celiotomy and ligation in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effects of postoperative pain after ovariohysterectomy by harmonic scalpel-assisted laparoscopy (HALO) and traditional ovariohysterectomy (OVH) in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, blinded, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen, purpose-bred, intact female, Beagle dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dogs were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (8 dogs), which had OVH by HALO, and Group 2 (8 dogs), which had traditional OVH. Physiologic data, abdominal nociceptive threshold scores, and University of Melbourne pain scores (UMPS) were recorded at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery. Blood samples for measurement of plasma cortisol, glucose, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations were collected at the time of the incision, and 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant surgical complications occurred. The HALO mean surgical time was significantly longer (55.7 minutes) than traditional OVH (31.7 minutes). No significant differences were observed between groups for the pain measures of heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, CPK, and glucose concentrations. The OVH group had significantly higher mean plasma cortisol levels at hour 2 after surgery than the HALO group (P=.0001). The mean UMPS were significantly higher in OVH than the HALO group at all postoperative times (P=.0001). The mean nociceptive threshold measurements revealed significantly higher tolerated palpation pressures in HALO than OVH at all postoperative times, except hour 72 (P=.0002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dogs appeared to be in less pain with HALO than OVH. The harmonic scalpel coagulated ovarian and uterine vessels completely with minimal collateral damage to surrounding tissues.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HALO is a safe alternative to OVH and offers a minimally invasive and less painful method of surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Hancock
authors.forename: Otto I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.forename: Don R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Waldron
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Richard V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Broadstone
authors.forename: Paula K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Hendrix
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D007044:Hysterectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008026:Ligation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000662:veterinary*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D006854:Hydrocortisone