title: Image-to-sound conversion: experience-induced plasticity in auditory cortex of blindfolded adults.
abstract: The ability to adapt to environmental changes is based on the impressive capacity of the central nervous system for plasticity changes. A better understanding of the requirements of neuroplasticity will help to apprehend and predict the success of sensory prostheses. To investigate neuroplastic changes associated with (1) blindfolding and (2) the use of a mobile visual-auditory substitution system, five normally sighted adults underwent weekly measurements of neuromagnetic activity using a 122-channel whole head neuromagnetometer. The substitution device converted visual images into sound patterns. During measurements subjects listened to "geometric sounds" converted from images of geometric shapes, "natural sounds" representing photographs of everyday objects, as well as to original "environmental sounds". To assess the role of visual deprivation, three individuals were blindfolded throughout a 3-week testing period. To assess the effect of extended exposure to "visual sounds", three subjects-two blindfolded, one sighted-had free use of the substitution device. Neuromagnetic responses were restricted to the auditory cortex across all measurements. Activity at 100 ms after presentation of "natural sounds", but not other auditory stimuli, showed a significant enhancement over time only in blindfolded subjects using the substitution system, indicating that the combination of visual deprivation and practice facilitated intra-modal plasticity. The fact that changes occurred only in response to "natural sounds" probably reflects the increased behavioural relevance of this category evident only for blindfolded subjects using the substitution device.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
authors.forename: Bettina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pollok
authors.forename: Irmtraud
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stoerig
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mierdorf
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schnitzler
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D001307:Auditory Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D001766:Blindness / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000502:physiology*; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012683:Sensory Deprivation / Q000502:physiology