title: The impact of partial smokefree legislation on health inequalities: evidence from a survey of 1150 pubs in North West England.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The UK government claims that between 10 and 30% of pubs and bars will be exempt from proposed legislation to achieve smokefree enclosed public places across England. This arises from the contentious inclusion that pubs and bars that do not prepare and serve food and private members clubs, will be able to allow smoking. We aimed to survey pubs and bars across the North West of England to assess smoking policies and the proportion and variations by deprivation level of venues preparing and serving food.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a telephone survey of 1150 pubs and bars in 14 local authorities across the North West of England. The main data items were current smoking policy, food preparation and serving status, and intention to change food serving and smoking status in the event of implementation of the proposed English partial smokefree legislation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  29 pubs and bars (2.5%) were totally smoke-free, 500 (44%) had partial smoking restrictions, and 615 (54%) allowed smoking throughout. Venues situated in the most deprived quintiles (4 and 5) of deprivation were more likely to allow unrestricted smoking (62% vs 33% for venues in quintiles 1 and 2). The proportion of pubs and bars not preparing and serving food on the premises was 44% (95% CI 42 to 46%), and ranged from 21% in pubs and bars in deprivation quintile 1 to 63% in quintile 5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of pubs and bars which do not serve food was far higher than the 10-30% suggested by the UK government. The proportion of pubs allowing unrestricted smoking and of non-food venues was higher in more disadvantaged areas, suggesting that the proposed UK government policy of exempting pubs in England which do not serve food from smokefree legislation will exacerbate inequalities in smoking and health.
authors.affiliation: North West Public Health Observatory, Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, North Street, Liverpool, L3 2AY, UK. k.tocque@livjm.ac.uk
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tocque
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edwards
authors.forename: Brenda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fullard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004739:England; D005511:Food Handling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D016134:Organizational Policy; D011204:Poverty Areas; D017149:Private Sector; D011633:Public Facilities / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D011640:Public Policy; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012147:Restaurants / Q000145:classification* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D035862:Vulnerable Populations