title: Functional architecture of the inner pore of a voltage-gated Ca2+ channel.
abstract: The inner pore of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) is functionally important, but little is known about the architecture of this region. In K+ channels, this part of the pore is formed by the S6/M2 transmembrane segments from four symmetrically arranged subunits. The Ca2+ channel pore, however, is formed by four asymmetric domains of the same (alpha1) subunit. Here we investigated the architecture of the inner pore of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels using the substituted-cysteine accessibility method. Many positions in the S6 segments of all four repeats of the alpha1 subunit (Ca(v)2.1) were modified by internal methanethiosulfonate ethyltrimethylammonium (MTSET). However, the pattern of modification does not fit any known sequence alignment with K+ channels. In IIS6, five consecutive positions showed clear modification, suggesting a likely aqueous crevice and a loose packing between S6 and S5 segments, a notion further supported by the observation that some S5 positions were also accessible to internal MTSET. These results indicate that the inner pore of VGCCs is indeed formed by the S6 segments but is different from that of K+ channels. Interestingly some residues in IIIS6 and IVS6 whose mutations in L-type Ca2+ channels affect the binding of dihydropyridines and phenylalkylamines and are thought to face the pore appeared not to react with internal MTSET. Probing with qBBr, a rigid thiol-reactive agent with a dimension of 12 angstroms x 10 angstroms x 6 angstroms suggests that the inner pore can open to >10 angstroms. This work provides an impetus for future studies on ion permeation, gating, and drug binding of VGCCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Xiao-Guang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Aileen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fitzmaurice
authors.forename: Carl E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schoonover
authors.forename: Eleza T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Orenstein
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D015640:Ion Channel Gating; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008698:Mesylates / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009865:Oocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D020864:Calcium Channels, N-Type; D003545:Cysteine; D005020:Ethyl Methanesulfonate; D008698:Mesylates; D013439:Sulfhydryl Reagents; C093171:methanethiosulfonate ethylammonium; C109154:(2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl)methanethiosulfonate