title: Challenges of immune responses in gene replacement therapy.
abstract: Permanent gene replacement therapy using viral carriers such as adenovirus or adenovirus-associated virus vectors has failed thus far in human patients, in part due to immune responses to antigens of the viral carrier, a problem that has remained underappreciated and thus largely unaddressed.
authors.affiliation: Wistar Institute, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ertl@wistar.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Hildegund C J
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Ertl
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral