title: Increased carotid intima-media thickness and serum inflammatory markers in obstructive sleep apnea.
abstract: Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and increased serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether carotid IMT, a useful marker for early atherosclerosis, is associated with these inflammatory markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Carotid IMT was investigated with ultrasonography in 36 patients with OSA and 16 obese control subjects. Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-18 were measured at 5:00 A.M. Carotid IMT (p < 0.001) and serum levels of CRP (p < 0.003), IL-6 (p < 0.005), and IL-18 (p < 0.03) of patients with OSA were significantly higher than those of obese control subjects. Carotid IMT was significantly correlated with serum levels of CRP (r = 0.61, p = 0.0001), IL-6 (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), and IL-18 (r = 0.45, p = 0.005), duration of OSA-related hypoxia (r = 0.60, p = 0.0001), and severity of OSA (r = 0.50, p = 0.002). In addition, the primary factor influencing carotid IMT was duration of hypoxia during total sleep time (p = 0.036). These results suggest that OSA-related hypoxia and systemic inflammation might be associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and thus might increase the risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity in patients with OSA.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University, School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan. minochan@fn.catv.ne.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minoguchi
authors.forename: Takuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokoe
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tazaki
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minoguchi
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Naruhito
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Shin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohta
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Adachi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D020382:Interleukin-18 / Q000097:blood*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020382:Interleukin-18; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein