title: On the Euclidean distance of images.
abstract: We present a new Euclidean distance for images, which we call IMage Euclidean Distance (IMED). Unlike the traditional Euclidean distance, IMED takes into account the spatial relationships of pixels. Therefore, it is robust to small perturbation of images. We argue that IMED is the only intuitively reasonable Euclidean distance for images. IMED is then applied to image recognition. The key advantage of this distance measure is that it can be embedded in most image classification techniques such as SVM, LDA, and PCA. The embedding is rather efficient by involving a transformation referred to as Standardizing Transform (ST). We show that ST is a transform domain smoothing. Using the Face Recognition Technology (FERET) database and two state-of-the-art face identification algorithms, we demonstrate a consistent performance improvement of the algorithms embedded with the new metric over their original versions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Information Sciences, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. wanglw@cis.pku.edu.cn
authors.forename: Liwei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jufu
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003198:Computer Simulation; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D013382:Subtraction Technique