title: Development and evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral intervention for juvenile fibromyalgia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the development and test the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBT) for juvenile fibromyalgia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-seven children with fibromyalgia and their parents were recruited to participate in an 8-week intervention that included modules of pain management, psychoeducation, sleep hygiene, and activities of daily living. Children were taught techniques of cognitive restructuring, thought stopping, distraction, relaxation, and self-reward. Additionally, they kept daily pain and sleep diaries. Children completed questionnaires of pre- and post-treatment measuring physical status and psychological functioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Following CBT, children reported significant reductions (p < .006) in pain, somatic symptoms, anxiety, and fatigue, as well as improvements in sleep quality. Additionally, children reported improved functional ability and had fewer school absences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with fibromyalgia can be taught CBT strategies that help them effectively manage this chronic and disabling musculoskeletal pain disorder.
authors.affiliation: Schneider Children's Hospital, and Honors Center, CUNY Honors College at Queens College, Room 133, 65-30 Kissena Boulevard, Flushing, NY 11367-1597, USA. pdegotardi@honorscollege.cuny.edu
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Degotardi
authors.forename: Emily S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Klass
authors.forename: Batya S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Diana G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Kim A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Gallelli
authors.forename: Beth S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Gottlieb
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002648:Child; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005356:Fibromyalgia / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome