title: Effects of moderate Sicilian red wine consumption on inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of moderate Sicilian red wine consumption on cardiovascular risk factors and, in particular, on some inflammatory biomarkers.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 48 subjects of both sexes who were nondrinkers or rare drinkers of moderate red wine were selected and randomly subdivided into two groups assigned to receive with a crossover design a Sicilian red wine (Nero d'Avola or Etna Torrepalino) during meals: Group A (n = 24), in whom the diet was supplemented for 4 weeks with 250 ml/day of red wine, followed by 4 weeks when they returned to their usual wine intake; and Group B (n = 24), in whom the usual wine intake was maintained for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks when the diet was supplemented with 250 ml/day of red wine. The following were values measured in all tests: blood glucose, total and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, apolipoproteins A1 and B, Lp(a), plasma C-reactive protein, TGFbeta1, D-Dimer, Factor VII , PAl Ag, t-PA Ag, fibrinogen, oxidized LDL Ab, total plasma antioxidant capacity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the red wine intake period, LDL/HDL, fibrinogen, factor VII, plasma C-reactive protein and oxidized LDL Ab were significantly decreased, while HDL-C, Apo A1,TGFbeta1, t-PA, PAI and total plasma antioxidant capacity were significantly increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show a positive effect of two Sicilian red wines on many risk factors and on some inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that a moderate consumption of red wine in the adult population is a positive component of the Mediterranean diet.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy. ginoavellone@libero.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avellone
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Di Garbo
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Campisi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Simone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Raneli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scaglione
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Licata
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood*; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012307:Risk Factors; D014920:Wine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D002784:Cholesterol