title: A role for the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase in the acetylation and activation of ATM.
abstract: The ataxia telangiectasia mutant (ATM) protein kinase regulates the cell's response to DNA damage through the phosphorylation of proteins involved in cell-cycle checkpoints and DNA repair. However, the signal-transduction pathway linking DNA strand breaks to activation of ATM's kinase activity is not clearly defined. Here, we demonstrate that DNA damage induces the rapid acetylation of ATM. This acetylation depends on the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase (HAT). Suppression of Tip60 blocks the activation of ATM's kinase activity and prevents the ATM-dependent phosphorylation of p53 and chk2. Further, inactivation of Tip60 sensitizes cells to ionizing radiation. ATM forms a stable complex with Tip60 through the conserved FATC domain of ATM. The interaction between ATM and Tip60 is not regulated in response to DNA damage. Instead, the HAT activity of the ATM-Tip60 complex is specifically activated by DNA damage. Furthermore, this activation of Tip60 by DNA damage and the recruitment of the ATM-Tip60 complex to sites of DNA damage is independent of ATM's kinase activity. The results demonstrate that the Tip60 HAT plays a key role in the activation of ATM's kinase activity in response to DNA damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Yingli
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xiaofeng
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shujuan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Norvin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Brendan D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D001665:Binding Sites; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004249:DNA Damage; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; D006801:Humans; D000074443:Lysine Acetyltransferase 5; D009154:Mutation; D011485:Protein Binding; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D021381:Protein Transport; D015398:Signal Transduction; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D051548:Histone Acetyltransferases; C098489:KAT5 protein, human; D000074443:Lysine Acetyltransferase 5; C576324:ATM protein, human; D064007:Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases