title: [Independence, consciously accepted dependency, self-responsibility and shared responsibility as key categories of an ethical analysis of old age].
abstract: This contribution begins with a brief introduction into some seminal problems of ethics: the search for the essential being of things, the attitude of value consciousness in the context of ethical reflections, and the reflection on models of a 'good life' and on decisions as well as actions in significant moral situations. These introductory statements are illustrated by the example of stoic philosophy. In a second step, independence, consciously accepted dependency, self-responsibility and shared responsibility are discussed as highly significant categories for an ethical analysis of all ages. However these categories must be specified with reference to specific ages. In this contribution, such a specification is carried out for old age focussing on the particular relevance of the four categories for ethical analysis. In a third step, each of the four categories is discussed in detail in the context of basic ethical approaches. In this context, ethical analysis proceeds from the perspectives of the individual, the environment, and the society. Concerning the perspective of the society special interest is offered to societal models of good life in old age which might have an impact on the potential development of a pro-aging culture and shared responsibility in older people. Moreover, these models contribute to older people's ability to use the necessary means of support in cases of dependency and to consciously accept dependency.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Gerontologie, Bergheimer Strasse 20, 69115 Heidelberg. andreas.kruse@urz.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kruse
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D028663:Ethical Theory; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D006299:Health Services for the Aged / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D012941:Social Responsibility