title: Intermittent cold water swim stress increases immobility and interferes with escape performance in rat.
abstract: The behavioral consequences of intermittent, 5 s cold-water swims (15 degrees C) or confinement were assessed 24 h after stress in a 5 min forced swim test or an instrumental swim escape test (SET). The SET was conducted with temporal and instrumental parameters similar to the shock-motivated shuttle escape test. The tests detected significantly increased immobility in the forced swim test and increased latency to escape in the SET. These results extend previous findings with intermittent swim stress and provide evidence that intermittent swim stress produces behavioral deficits similar to other stress models. This new model may be a useful tool for exploring the physiological mechanisms underlying the stress response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Conant Hall, University of New Hampshire, 10 Library Way, Durham, NH 03824-3567, USA. jpc5@unh.edu
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Christianson
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Drugan
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D035841:Behavioral Research / Q000379:methods; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004924:Escape Reaction; D006380:Helplessness, Learned; D046353:Immobility Response, Tonic; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning; D023421:Models, Animal; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*; D013550:Swimming / Q000523:psychology; D013997:Time Factors