title: Objective assessment of laparoscopic skills using a virtual reality stimulator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virtual reality simulation has a great potential as a training and assessment tool of laparoscopic skills. The study was carried out to investigate whether the LapSim system (Surgical Science Ltd., Gothenburg, Sweden) was able to differentiate between subjects with different laparoscopic experience and thus to demonstrate its construct validity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects 24 were divided into two groups: experienced (performed > 100 laparoscopic procedures, n = 10) and beginners (performed <10 laparoscopic procedures, n = 14). Assessment of laparoscopic skills was based on parameters measured by the computer system.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experienced surgeons performed consistently better than the residents. Significant differences in the parameters time and economy of motion existed between the two groups in seven of seven tasks. Regarding error parameters, differences existed in most but not all tasks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LapSim was able to differentiate between subjects with different laparoscopic experience. This indicates that the system measures skills relevant for laparoscopic surgery and can be used in training programs as a valid assessment tool.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Gastroenterology D, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup Hospital, Ndr. Ringvej, Glostrup, DK-2600, Denmark. jravn@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Grantcharov
mesh_terms: D002983:Clinical Competence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000592:standards*