title: Local resection of rectal tumors by transanal endoscopic microsurgery: experience with the first 70 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) can access the whole rectum up to 20 cm from the anal verge. Due to its excellent view and accurate dissection, TEM is useful for the removal of adenoma and selected low risk cancers of the rectum. We report our experience with the first 70 patients presenting.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective descriptive study of 70 patients treated for rectal tumor with TEM from December 99 until October 2002 at Haukeland University Hospital.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEM was performed in 37 men and 33 women, median age 70.5 (19-90) years, for anticipated adenoma (n = 64), adenocarcinoma (n = 3), rectal ulcer (n = 1), and re-resection after snare resection of rectal polyp with adenocarcinoma (n = 1) and carcinoid tumor (n = 1). The median observation time was 12 (1-33) months. The distance from the anal verge to the lower tumor border was 5.5 (2.5-14) cm. The median resected area was 15.4 (1.5-132) cm(2). 56 of the 64 anticipated adenomas were true adenoma, resected without recurrences; 8 (12.5%) were unexpected adenocarcinoma. Three of these underwent a secondary rectal resection and 5 patients have been observed without recurrence. Of the 3 patients with known adenocarcinoma, there was one recurrence which was treated with a secondary curative rectal resection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TEM can access tumors in the whole rectum. Large tumors may be removed with low frequency of per- and postoperative complications and short hospital stay. TEM is highly useful for removal of rectal adenoma. A role for primary treatment of selected low-risk rectal cancers may emerge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. ola.rokke@ahus.no
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Røkke
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Iversen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ovrebø
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maartmann-Moe
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skarstein
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Halvorsen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000601:surgery*; D003082:Colectomy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011351:Proctoscopy; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome