title: Implantable defibrillators configured for hybrid therapy of persistent and permanent atrial fibrillation: initial clinical experience with a novel lead system.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hybrid therapy strategies have combined antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) with pacemakers, atrio-ventricular defibrillators (AV ICD) or atrial ablation individually. The feasibility combining AAD with dual site RA pacing (DAP) in an AV ICD has not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an AV ICD with a novel lead configuration permitting DAP, antitachycardia pacing (ATP) or atrial shocks (ADF) in patients (pts) with refractory persistent or permanent AF. Hybrid therapy included linear RA ablation and/or focal ablation. Continuous DAP and automatic ATP with patient or physician activated ADF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  24 pts, mean age 66 +/- 10 yrs, with cardiac disease (22 pts), underwent insertion of an AVICD with dual RA leads. 20 patients had concomitant ablative procedures (RA only = 19, RA + LA = 1) and all pts continued previously ineffective AAD. During a follow-up of 2-36 months (mean 17 +/- 8 mos), rhythm control was restored in all pts & maintained long-term in 19 (83%) pts. 8 pts used AF termination therapies successfully. Device datalogs showed no episodes of AF in 6 pts, asymptomatic brief arrhythmias in 4 pts, infrequent paroxysmal AF in 9 pts & persistent AF recurred in 5 pts. AV ICD detection algorithms reliably detected AF or AT in the DAP mode in all pts. Intermittent brief P wave double counting occurred during AT in selected pts. No pt received inappropriate ADF therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  1. DAP can be safely incorporated in an AVICD devices for use in an hybrid therapy strategy for AF pts. 2. These devices can be effective for both AF prevention & termination. 3. Long term rhythm control can be achieved and documented by device datalogs in persistent and permanent AF.
authors.affiliation: The Electrophysiology Research Foundation, Warren, New Jersey, USA. cmenj@aol.com.
authors.forename: Hygriv B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Sanjeev
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saksena
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012008:Recurrence; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome