title: The immunomodulatory effects of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol on murine splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage function in vitro.
abstract: 3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (MCPD) is a well-known by-product of acid-hydrolyzed soy sauce during its manufacturing process. MCPD has been reported genotoxic in vitro, and reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity in rats. To evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of MCPD on murine splenocyte and macrophage in vitro, we investigated splenocyte blastogenesis by concanavalin A (Con A), anti-CD3, and lipopolyssacharide (LPS), the production of cytokines from splenocyte, and the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages. There was a significant decrease in lymphocyte blastogenesis to Con A or anti-CD3 at subtoxic dose of MCPD. A significant decrease in splenocyte blastogenesis to LPS was also observed. The production level of interferon (IFN)-gamma on splenocyte culture with Con A was significantly reduced at the higher concentration than 1.0mM of MCPD. The levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were also decreased at high concentrations of MCPD. There was a significant decrease in production of nitric oxide (NO) by peritoneal macrophages treated with MCPD. MCPD also inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production of stimulated macrophages. These results indicate that MCPD might be able to reduce the functionality of lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Division of Immunotoxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, KFDA, 122-704 Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Mi Hyun
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Jong Kwon
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005990:Glycerol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin
chemical_list: D017252:CD3 Complex; D016207:Cytokines; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D003208:Concanavalin A; D016753:Interleukin-10; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000517:alpha-Chlorohydrin; D005990:Glycerol