title: The involvement of genetic polymorphism of IL-10 promoter in non-small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is mainly an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced by a number of cells including normal and neoplastic cells and has been implicated in autoimmunity, transplantation tolerance and tumorigenesis. Inter-individual variations in IL-10 production were genetically contributed to polymorphisms within IL-10 promoter region. The aim of this study was to determine whether polymorphisms in the IL-10 gene promoter were involved in predisposing an individual to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 154 patients with non-small cell lung cancer were recruited into this study, together with 205 age- and gender-matched healthy smokers acting as control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Polymorphisms of sites within the promoter region of IL-10 gene were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique on genomic DNA isolated from peripheral lymphocytes. The validity of this technique was proven by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Statistical analyses were conducted to explore the contribution of polymorphism of IL-10 promoter to the susceptibility to NSCLC.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distribution frequencies of genotypes of IL-10-1082, -819 and -592 were significantly different between NSCLC patients and controls. Pearson chi2 analysis showed that the frequency for IL-10-1082 G allele, IL-10-819C allele and IL-10-592C allele was independently higher in NSCLC patient group than that in the control group. Higher odds ratios (ORs) for NSCLC were seen for individuals with G allele of IL-10-1082 [OR=5.26, 95% CI 2.65-10.4, p<0.0001], C allele of IL-10-819 [OR=1.57, 95% CI 1.15-2.16, p=0.005], C allele of IL-10-592 [OR=1.59, 95% CI 1.15-2.19, p=0.005].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The polymorphisms of IL-10 genes were significantly associated with the occurrence of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yuh-Der Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan. d10326@www.cmuh.org.tw
authors.forename: Chuen-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yao-Ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hui-Ling
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Chiou
authors.forename: Wei-Fang
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Wei-Erh
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ming-Chih
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Long-Yau
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics; D000368:Aged; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000235:genetics; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016753:Interleukin-10