title: Ancient haplotypes of the HLA Class II region.
abstract: Allelic variation in codons that specify amino acids that line the peptide-binding pockets of HLA's Class II antigen-presenting proteins is superimposed on strikingly few deeply diverged haplotypes. These haplotypes appear to have been evolving almost independently for tens of millions of years. By complete resequencing of 20 haplotypes across the approximately 100-kbp region that spans the HLA-DQA1, -DQB1, and -DRB1 genes, we provide a detailed view of the way in which the genome structure at this locus has been shaped by the interplay of selection, gene-gene interaction, and recombination.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington Genome Center, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kas
authors.forename: Marcia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paddock
authors.forename: Ruolan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Qiu
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Sandhya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Haugen
authors.forename: Rajinder
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Maynard V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Olson
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D005802:Genes, MHC Class II; D014644:Genetic Variation; D015894:Genome, Human; D006071:Gorilla gorilla / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008957:Models, Genetic; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D010802:Phylogeny; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011995:Recombination, Genetic; D012641:Selection, Genetic
chemical_list: D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D059848:HLA-DQ alpha-Chains; D059866:HLA-DQ beta-Chains; C069050:HLA-DQA1 antigen; C069051:HLA-DQB1 antigen; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains