title: Increased plasma levels of natriuretic peptide type B and A in children with congenital heart defects with left compared with right ventricular volume overload or pressure overload.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Natriuretic peptide levels B (BNP) and A (ANP) have been described in children with congenital heart defects (CHD) with pressure and volume overload. However, the impact of ventricular morphology per se on natriuretic peptide levels has not been reported. The aim of the present study was to evaluate plasma BNP and ANP in children with CHD with left or right ventricular volume or pressure overload.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma BNP and ANP were analysed in 61 children, median age 3.1 (0.3-16.2) years. Haemodynamic load was evaluated by echo-Doppler and/or catheterization measurements and classified as: pressure overload of the right (RV pressure) or left (LV pressure) ventricle, or volume overload of the right (RV volume) or left (LV volume) ventricle, of a sufficient degree to indicate surgery/catheter intervention. Twenty-three children, with a median age of 1.1 (0.1-8.3) years, without heart disease, served as controls for the natriuretic peptide measurements. Children in the LV volume group had significantly higher BNP and ANP values, 55.4 ng l-1 (10.7-352) and 164 (31.8-346), than children in the RV volume, 15.6 (0.0-105.1) and 57.2 (11.3-234.1), LV pressure, 6.8 (0.7-170) and 40.8 (12.6-210), and RV pressure, 18.0 (5.0-29.1) and 69.3 (8.7-182), groups respectively (P<0.0001). The values in the LV pressure group were close to the values in the Control group, 4.7 (0.0-17.7) and 32.9 (11.7-212.1), respectively (P=0.051 and P=0.378, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Plasma concentrations of BNP and ANP were higher in children with CHD with left ventricular volume overload compared with right ventricular volume overload or pressure overload.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden. daniel.holmgren@gregion.se
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holmgren
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Westerlind
authors.forename: Per-Arne
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lundberg
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wåhlander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000097:blood*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D018497:Ventricular Dysfunction, Right / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000502:physiology; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor