title: Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis induced by a novel amphipathic photochemotherapeutic agent ZnPcS2P2 in HL60 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the mechanism underlying the killing effects of a novel amphipathic photosensitizer, disulfonated diphthalimidomethyl phthalocyanine zinc (ZnPcS2P2), mediated photodynamic therapy (ZnPc-PDT) in human myelogenous leukemia HL60 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  After incubation for 5 h with 0.5 mumol/L ZnPcS2P2, the HL60 cells were exposed to a light source of 670 nm wavelength. Thereafter, the cells were detected at different time intervals after PDT. The characteristics of apoptosis were detected by observation of ultrastructure assay, DNA fragmentation assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine nick-end labeling method (TUNEL). Mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was determined by the detection of mitochondrial membrane potential (deltaPhim), activities of caspase family protease and of caspase-3, cytosol cytochrome c. Proteins Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunoblot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Evident characteristics of apoptosis were observed post-ZnPc-PDT with ultrastructure assay, DNA fragmentation assay and TUNEL staining. TUNEL assay showed that apoptotic rates in the cells collected from 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after PDT were 9.6%, 24.4%, and 33.0%, respectively. HL60 cells underwent mitochondria-dependent apoptosis as a result of cytochrome c release from mitochondria into cytosol accompanied by a reduction of deltaPhim. The activities of caspase family protease and of caspase-3 were elevated. Furthermore, ZnPc-PDT could remarkably down-regulate the Bcl-2 pro-apoptotic protein and up-regulate the anti-apoptotic Bax protein.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ZnPc-PDT could induce mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HL60 cells.
authors.affiliation: Fujian Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China.
authors.forename: Hui-fang
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Yuan-zhong
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism*; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008027:Light; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010778:Photochemotherapy; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015032:Zinc / Q000494:pharmacology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007211:Indoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; C064329:zinc phthalocyanine disulfonate; D045304:Cytochromes c; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D015032:Zinc