title: MRI findings in migraine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  For long time, migraine has been considered to be an episodic, multifactorial, neurovascular disorder, without long-term consequences to the brain, although an association between migraine and clinical stroke and white matter hyperintense lesions has been suggested in numerous studies. Due to various methodological problems no definite conclusion could be drawn from these studies.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Recently, data from a population-based cross-sectional MRI study were published, establishing migraine to be a true and independent risk factor for white matter lesions (in female migraine patients) and subclinical posterior circulation territory infarcts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The methodology and results of previous investigations of a relationship between migraine and clinical ischemic stroke, silent infarction and white matter lesions are reviewed, and integrated in the results from the new population-based MRI study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brain infarction occurs far more frequently than expected in migraine patients, most pronounced in migraine with aura (8 percent have subclinical cerebellar infarcts), although most infarcts remain clinically silent. Female migraine patients are at increased risk of deep white matter lesions, independent of the effects of cardiovascular risk factors. The influence of migraine severity (attack frequency) on the risk of both types of lesions suggests a causal relationship between migraine severity and lesion load. Future studies are needed to assess whether these (probably) ischemic lesions have relevant (long-term) functional correlates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. m.c.kruit@lumc.nl
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kruit
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Launer
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: van Buchem
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Terwindt
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Ferrari
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*