title: Fat adaptation followed by carbohydrate loading compromises high-intensity sprint performance.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) followed by 1 day of carbohydrate (CHO) loading on substrate utilization, heart rate variability (HRV), effort perception [rating or perceived exertion (RPE)], muscle recruitment [electromyograph (EMG)], and performance during a 100-km cycling time trial. In this randomized single-blind crossover study, eight well-trained cyclists completed two trials, ingesting either a high-CHO diet (HCD) (68% CHO energy) or an isoenergetic HFD (68% fat energy) for 6 days, followed by 1 day of CHO loading (8-10 g CHO/kg). Subjects completed a 100-km time trial on day 1 and a 1-h cycle at 70% of peak oxygen consumption on days 3, 5, and 7, during which resting HRV and resting and exercising respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured. On day 8, subjects completed a 100-km performance time trial, during which blood samples were drawn and EMG was recorded. Ingestion of the HFD reduced RER at rest (P < 0.005) and during exercise (P < 0.01) and increased plasma free fatty acid levels (P < 0.01), indicating increased fat utilization. There was a tendency for the low-frequency power component of HRV to be greater for HFD-CHO (P = 0.056), suggestive of increased sympathetic activation. Overall 100-km time-trial performance was not different between diets; however, 1-km sprint power output after HFD-CHO was lower (P < 0.05) compared with HCD-CHO. Despite a reduced power output with HFD-CHO, RPE, heart rate, and EMG were not different between trials. In conclusion, the HFD-CHO dietary strategy increased fat oxidation, but compromised high intensity sprint performance, possibly by increased sympathetic activation or altered contractile function.
authors.affiliation: University of Cape Town/Medical Research Council Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Havemann
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Goedecke
authors.forename: I A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Macdonald
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: St Clair Gibson
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Noakes
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Lambert
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000328:Adult; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000378:metabolism*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats