title: Time course of endothelial damage in septic shock: prediction of outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endothelial damage accounts greatly for the high mortality in septic shock. Higher expression of mediators (IL-6, IL-8, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [sICAM-1], soluble endothelial-linked adhesion molecule 1 [sELAM-1]) have been described for non-survivors in comparison with survivors. We investigated the predictive value of the mediators IL-6, IL-8, sELAM-1 and sICAM-1 and their time course in intensive care unit patients who developed septic shock with respect to outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, sELAM-1 and sICAM-1 in 40 intensive care unit patients who developed septic shock. Measurements were performed until death or until resolution of septic shock. Clinical and laboratory data were also recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 48 hours the levels of sELAM-1 and sICAM-1 increased in non-survivors and decreased in survivors. sELAM-1 was predictive for outcome on the third day (P = 0.02) and the fourth day (P = 0.02) after diagnosis of septic shock. This difference in the time course between survivors and non-survivors occurred 7 days before death of the patients (median, 10 days). sICAM-1 levels increased significantly in non-survivors over the study period (P < 0.001). sELAM-1 (P = 0.04), IL-6 (P = 0.04) and IL-8 (P = 0.008) were significantly higher in non-survivors over the whole study period. The age and norepinephrine dose >0.5 mug/kg/min were significantly different between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  sELAM-1 showed a markedly opposing course after 48 hours of septic shock. This adhesion molecule may be a useful early predictor of disease severity in the course of septic shock after early initial treatment of the patients, and might suggest considering endothelial-restoring therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Charité, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany. ortrud.vargas@charite.de
authors.forename: Ortrud Vargas
authors.initials: OV
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: Klaudia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Misterek
authors.forename: Jan-Peer
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Tessmann
authors.forename: Vera
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: van Dossow
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krimphove
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Spies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019540:Area Under Curve; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8