title: Population standards of prostate specific antigen values in men over 40: community based study in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prostate specific antigen (PSA) population standards of a cluster of Turkish men with no clinical evidence of prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated PSA values of the men who were living in a well-defined, rural district of Western Anatolia. Two hundred fifty-seven men agreed to participate in this population-based study. They underwent clinical examination, transrectal ultrasonography and serum PSA measurement. The association between serum PSA and age, prostate volume and age, PSA and prostate volume, and PSA density (PSAD) and age were assessed. Distributions of serum PSA levels, prostate volumes (PV), and PSAD values as a function of age were generated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The upper limit of normal PSA concentration were 4.51 ng/ml for men aged 40-49 years, 4.36 ng/ml for 50-59 years, 6.17 ng/ml for 60-69 years, and 10.18 ng/ml for over 70 years. The upper limit of normal (95th percentile) for the serum PSA concentration increased with age. Across the entire age range, no correlation was found between the serum PSA concentrations and age while significant correlation was found between serum PSA concentration and prostate volume.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this present study, the PSA values in different age intervals showed higher than those observed in previous studies. The PSA values are mainly affected by prostate volume rather than age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa, 45010, Turkey. talhadr@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Talha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Müezzinoğlu
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lekili
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Eser
authors.forename: Bekir S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Uyanik
authors.forename: Coşkun
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Büyüksu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D012016:Reference Values; D014421:Turkey
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen