title: An internal model of head kinematics predicts the influence of head orientation on reflexive eye movements.
abstract: Our sense of self-motion and self-orientation results from combining information from different sources. We hypothesize that the central nervous system (CNS) uses internal models of the laws of physics to merge cues provided by different sensory systems. Different models that include internal models have been proposed; we focus herein on that referred to as the sensory weighting model. For simplicity, we isolate the portion of the sensory weighting model that estimates head angular velocity: it includes an inverse internal model of head kinematics and an 'idiotropic' vector aligned with the main body axis. Following a post-rotatory tilt in the dark, which is a rapid tilt following a constant-velocity rotation about an earth-vertical axis, the inverse internal model is applied to conflicting vestibular signals. Consequently, the CNS computes an inaccurate estimate of head angular velocity that shifts toward alignment with an estimate of gravity. Since reflexive eye movements known as vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) compensate for this estimate of head angular velocity, the model predicts that the VOR rotation axis shifts toward alignment with this estimate of gravity and that the VOR time constant depends on final head orientation. These predictions are consistent with experimental data.
authors.affiliation: Jenks Vestibular Physiology Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. lionel_zupan@meei.harvard.edu
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Zupan
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Merfeld
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D001921:Brain / Q000502:physiology*; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D005246:Feedback / Q000502:physiology; D019416:Head Movements / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology*; D011434:Proprioception / Q000502:physiology*; D012027:Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*