title: Effects of ketamine on serum and tracheobronchial aspirate interleukin-6 levels in infants undergoing cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Corrective surgery for congenital heart defects in children frequently requires cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Serum and bronchoalveolar levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) may be useful in assessing the severity of the systemic inflammatory response after CPB. In the present study, the authors aimed to compare the effects of ketamine anesthesia and isoflurane anesthesia with respect to serum and tracheobronchial aspirate (TBA) IL-6 levels in infants undergoing CPB for cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective and randomized controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University-based teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four infants aged 2 to 24 months were randomized into 2 groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  In group K (n = 17), anesthesia was induced with intravenous (IV) ketamine, 1 to 2 mg/kg, and fentanyl, 1 to 2 microg/kg, and was maintained with infusions of ketamine, 25 to 75 microg/kg/min, and fentanyl, 10 microg/kg/h. In group I (n = 17), induction was achieved with IV thiopental sodium, 3 to 5 mg/kg, and fentanyl, 1 to 2 microg/kg, and was maintained with 1% isoflurane and fentanyl, 10 mug/kg/h. Blood and TBA samples were obtained at 6 and 4 stages, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum IL-6 and TBA IL-6 levels were similar in the 2 groups at all stages (p > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present results show that ketamine anesthesia does not provide superiority over isoflurane anesthesia with respect to serum and TBA IL-6 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkry. pinar_bz@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zeyneloglu
authors.forename: Asli
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Donmez
authors.forename: Banu
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bilezikci
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mercan
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000494:pharmacology; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D001980:Bronchi / Q000187:drug effects*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000494:pharmacology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000379:methods; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013874:Thiopental / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D014132:Trachea / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D015850:Interleukin-6; D007649:Ketamine; D007530:Isoflurane; D013874:Thiopental; D005283:Fentanyl