title: Polyarticular corticosteroid injection versus systemic administration in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients: a randomized controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effectiveness and side effects of polyarticular corticosteroid injection compared to systemic administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to examine the differential response to injection among joints.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine RA patients presenting with 6-12 swollen joints were enrolled to participate in a randomized trial consisting of polyarticular injection in 6-8 swollen joints of intraarticular (IA) triamcinolone hexacetonide (IA group) or intramuscular (IM) mini-pulse therapy with triamcinolone acetonide in equivalent doses (IM group). Blind examination at baseline (T0), Weeks 1 (T1), 4 (T4), 12 (T12), and 24 (T24) postintervention included American College of Rheumatology improvement criteria ACR20%, 50% and 70%, visual analog scale for articular pain, pain on movement, joint count, range of motion, morning stiffness, quality of life (Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36), use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and oral corticosteroid, blood pressure, adverse effects, calls to the physician, and hospital visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significantly better results were observed for IA compared to IM patients as follows: ACR20% (61.7% vs 28.5% at T1; 73.5% vs 42.8% at T4), ACR50% (29.4% vs 5.7% at T1; 44.1% vs 20% at T4), ACR70% (11.7% vs 0% at T1), patient's evaluation of disease activity, lower tender joint count, lower blood pressure, lower number of adverse effects, calls to the physician, and hospital visits (p < 0.05). Less significant adrenocorticotropic hormone reduction was observed for IA group at T4 and T12 (p < 0.05). Elbows and metacarpophalangeal joints had the best response to corticosteroid injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the short term, polyarticular IA injection was better than IM corticosteroid, as shown by ACR improvement criteria and number of adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Rita N V
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Furtado
authors.forename: Leda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Natour
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000328:Adult; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000187:drug effects; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide; C005900:triamcinolone hexacetonide