title: Randomized phase II marker lesion study evaluating effect of scheduling on response to intravesical gemcitabine in recurrent Stage Ta urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the response rate for intravesical gemcitabine given in three different schedules to patients with recurrent multiple carcinoma of the urinary bladder Stage Ta, grade 1-2, in whom all but one marker lesion was removed. Furthermore, we sought to define the safety profile.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a multicenter, open-label, randomized, Phase II study in which gemcitabine 2000 mg in 100 mL of unbuffered saline was instilled as a single dose (n = 11), two doses per week for 3 weeks (n = 11), or once weekly for 6 weeks (n = 10). Efficacy was evaluated using cystoscopy after 9 weeks. Toxicity was evaluated by assessing the liver, kidney, bone marrow, and coagulation function at defined intervals and by questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 32 patients were included, 2 of whom were subsequently excluded because of protocol violations. The overall complete remission rate was 31%. The respective subgroup response rate was 10% in the single-dose group, 44% in the once-weekly group, and 40% in the twice-weekly group. The most common side effect was nausea. One patient withdrew because of nausea and fever, and an additional 2 patients had reversible hematologic toxicity (mild thrombocytopenia causing delayed instillation and mild anemia). The side effects were generally in the multiple-dose groups, with an overrepresentation in women. Ten patients were unable to retain the drug intravesically for the full hour.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of our study have shown that gemcitabine has a tumor ablative effect when given intravesically for bladder cancer. A single dose seemed ineffective, and the multiple dosing regimens seemed effective. The side effects were generally mild.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Akademiska Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Truls.Gardmark@surgsci.uu.se
authors.forename: Truls
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gårdmark
authors.forename: Malcolm
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carringer
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beckman
authors.forename: Per-Uno
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
mesh_terms: D000283:Administration, Intravesical; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003841:Deoxycytidine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000093542:Gemcitabine
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D003841:Deoxycytidine; D000093542:Gemcitabine