title: Protein chip for detection of different HCV antibodies: preparation, quality control, and clinical evaluation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a contagious disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) hepatitis C is a serious threat to human health. Therefore, the detection and verification of HCV infection is very important in the treatment of hepatitis C. This study investigated the preparation, quality control, and clinical evaluation of a protein chip capable of simultaneously detecting different HCV antibodies. The aim was to establish a convenient method for the detection of HCV.
  
  
  METHODS
  To prepare the protein chip, six antigens including five recombinant HCV antigens (chimeric, core, NS3, NS4, and NS5) and interleukin (IL)-1 were arrayed onto aldehyde-coated slides and blocked using 10% calf serum in phosphate buffered saline. After dilution with sample solution, the serum sample was added to a reaction well on the protein chip. After incubation for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, fluorescence Cy3-labeled rabbit antihuman IgG was added and incubated again for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, and then scanned. Positive or negative controls were established from serum samples with or without HCV infection. Clinical evaluation was done by detecting 490 serum samples using the protein chips and ELISA reagents, with 150 of the 490 serum samples confirmed by recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The protein chip for detection of five HCV antibodies was successfully prepared. Fifteen positive controls and 15 negative controls were established as standard samples for quality control. The quality control-passed protein chip was tested again using the standard of the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products (NICPBP), and met the quality control criteria prescribed by the NICPBP. In the clinical evaluation with 490 samples, the coincidence rates between the protein-chip assay and ELISA were 97.4% for positive and 100% for negative results. Five inconsistent samples that were positive in ELISA, but non-positive (four samples) or negative (one) in the protein-chip assay, were confirmed by RIBA (gold standard) to be four non-positive and one negative. The results of 150 samples showed the coincidence rates between protein chip and RIBA were 98.15% for positive and 96.88% for single-segment positive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protein-chip assay has higher sensitivity and specificity than ELISA and has a high coincidence rate with RIBA. The protein chip, characterized by its easy operation and low economic cost, will be very useful for in vitro detection of HCV antibodies.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China.
authors.forename: Wen
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Mei-Fen
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Li-Yan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ya-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Heng-Jie
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Yong-Yao
authors.initials: YY
authors.lastname: Geng
authors.forename: Sheng-Qi
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000175:diagnosis; D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies / Q000097:blood* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D040081:Protein Array Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D018937:Hepatitis C Antibodies