title: Stereotactic body radiation therapy of early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma: phase I study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A Phase I dose escalation study of stereotactic body radiation therapy to assess toxicity and local control rates for patients with medically inoperable Stage I lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients had non-small-cell lung carcinoma, Stage T1a or T1b N0, M0. Patients were immobilized in a stereotactic body frame and treated in escalating doses of radiotherapy beginning at 24 Gy total (3 x 8 Gy fractions) using 7-10 beams. Cohorts were dose escalated by 6.0 Gy total with appropriate observation periods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The maximum tolerated dose was not achieved in the T1 stratum (maximum dose = 60 Gy), but within the T2 stratum, the maximum tolerated dose was realized at 72 Gy for tumors larger than 5 cm. Dose-limiting toxicity included predominantly bronchitis, pericardial effusion, hypoxia, and pneumonitis. Local failure occurred in 4/19 T1 and 6/28 T2 patients. Nine local failures occurred at doses < or =16 Gy and only 1 at higher doses. Local failures occurred between 3 and 31 months from treatment. Within the T1 group, 5 patients had distant or regional recurrence as an isolated event, whereas 3 patients had both distant and regional recurrence. Within the T2 group, 2 patients had solitary regional recurrences, and the 4 patients who failed distantly also failed regionally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stereotactic body radiation therapy seems to be a safe, effective means of treating early-stage lung cancer in medically inoperable patients. Excellent local control was achieved at higher dose cohorts with apparent dose-limiting toxicities in patients with larger tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. rmcgarry@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Ronald C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: McGarry
authors.forename: Lech
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Papiez
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Tia
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Whitford
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Timmerman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D017211:Treatment Failure