Cardiorenal disease: a clinical intersection.
This review focuses on the association between renal insufficiency and cardiovascular disease and discusses therapeutic options. Although the association of chronic renal insufficiency and cardiovascular risk was first shown in patients with end-stage renal disease, even minor renal dysfunction has now been established as an independent risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins can reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with renal insufficiency. Coronary revascularization improves the prognosis in patients with renal dysfunction, but there is still an underutilization of coronary revascularization procedures in patients with renal insufficiency. There is enough data that shows high mortality after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with reduced renal function and that slight renal dysfunction exposes the patient with a cardiac event to an excessive cardiac mortality. Further investigation should focus on the cause of and possible preventive interventions, for the staggering cardiovascular risk in the ever-increasing number of people with renal dysfunction.
Kalra
Vikram
V
Department of Nephrology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India. docvikramkalra@rediffmail.com
Mahajan
Sandeep
S
Agarwal
Sanjay Kumar
SK
Tiwari
Suresh Chander
SC
D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000453:epidemiology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000453:epidemiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D018450:Disease Progression; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012307:Risk Factors
D001786:Blood Glucose