title: [Influence of 1.8 GHz microwave on DNA damage induced by 4 chemical mutagens].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the influence of 1.8 GHz microwave (MW) specific absorption rate (SAR, 3 W/kg) on human lymphocytes DNA damage induced by 4 chemical mutagens [mitomycin C (MMC), bleomycin (BLM), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO)].
  
  
  METHODS
  Comet assay in vitro was used to detect human lymphocyte DNA damage induced by 1.8 GHz MW, 4 chemical mutagens, and MW plus 4 chemicals 0 h and 21 h respectively after exposure. The time exposed to MW or mutagens was 2 h or 3 h respectively. The results were showed by tail length (TL) and tail moment (TM).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The difference of DNA damage between MW group and control group was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). DNA damages in MW plus MMC groups and MW plus 4NQO groups were significantly greater than those in the corresponding concentrations of MMC groups and 4NQO groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). However, MW did not enhance DNA damage induced by MMS and BLM (P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exposure to 1.8 GHz (SAR, 3 W/kg) microwave may not induce human lymphocyte DNA damage, but could enhance DNA damage induced by MMC and 4NQO.
authors.affiliation: The Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China.
authors.forename: Bao-hong
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: De-qiang
authors.initials: DQ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Li-fen
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Jian-lin
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lou
authors.forename: Hong-ping
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Qing-yu
authors.initials: QY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ji-liang
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide / Q000633:toxicity; D000328:Adult; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020552:Comet Assay; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008297:Male; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate / Q000633:toxicity; D008872:Microwaves / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000633:toxicity; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D001761:Bleomycin; D016685:Mitomycin; D015112:4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide; D004247:DNA; D008741:Methyl Methanesulfonate