title: Mannose binding lectin level and polymorphism in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with end-stage renal disease. The increased susceptibility to infection is probably secondary to the impaired immune defence in uraemia and other co-morbid factors such as diabetes mellitus. Peritonitis remains the most common and major complication in the treatment modality of peritoneal dialysis (PD) for uraemic patients. Mannose binding lectin (MBL) is a calcium dependent C-type lectin that acts as an important first line defence mechanism against infection by its capability to activate the complement system and enhance phagocytosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined whether serum concentration of MBL and the point mutation of MBL may act as a risk factor in PD-related peritonitis. We studied four groups of dialysis patients: PD patients with two or more episodes of peritonitis, peritonitis-free PD patients, haemodialysis (HD) patients not previously on PD, and HD patients who were converted from PD due to technique failure following peritonitis-related abdominal adhesion. Results. Both homozygous and heterozygous patients had profoundly reduced serum level of MBL. The codon 54 point mutation rate amongst our dialysis patients was comparable with that of healthy subjects. Dialysis patients had a significantly lower serum level of MBL than healthy controls independent of the MBL gene mutation or the mode of dialysis treatment. Patients on PD with codon 54 point mutation were found to have a lower serum MBL level compared with HD patients with similar MBL gene mutation. However, we found no difference in the serum MBL level or frequency of codon 54 point mutation between four groups of dialysis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dialysis patients have lower MBL levels that may increase the susceptibility of infection. However, the existence of other risk factors such as connection technique, nasal bacterial carriers, bowel pathology and personal hygiene precludes the MBL level as the sole primary factor for peritonitis in patients on maintenance PD treatment.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Man Fai
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Joseph C K
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Colin C S
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Wai Kei
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Kai Chung
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Terrance P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Sing Leung
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Tak Mao
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: Kar Neng
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017354:Point Mutation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014511:Uremia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D037601:Mannose-Binding Lectin; D004247:DNA