Challenges of immune responses in gene replacement therapy.
Permanent gene replacement therapy using viral carriers such as adenovirus or adenovirus-associated virus vectors has failed thus far in human patients, in part due to immune responses to antigens of the viral carrier, a problem that has remained underappreciated and thus largely unaddressed.
Ertl
Hildegund C J
HC
Wistar Institute, 3600 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ertl@wistar.upenn.edu
D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000276:immunology*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology
D000956:Antigens, Viral