title: Exploring connectivity of the brain's white matter with dynamic queries.
abstract: Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging method that can be used to measure local information about the structure of white matter within the human brain. Combining DTI data with the computational methods of MR tractography, neuroscientists can estimate the locations and sizes of nerve bundles (white matter pathways) that course through the human brain. Neuroscientists have used visualization techniques to better understand tractography data, but they often struggle with the abundance and complexity of the pathways. In this paper, we describe a novel set of interaction techniques that make it easier to explore and interpret such pathways. Specifically, our application allows neuroscientists to place and interactively manipulate box or ellipsoid-shaped regions to selectively display pathways that pass through specific anatomical areas. These regions can be used in coordination with a simple and flexible query language which allows for arbitrary combinations of these queries using Boolean logic operators. A representation of the cortical surface is provided for specifying queries of pathways that may be relevant to gray matter structures and for displaying activation information obtained from functional magnetic resonance imaging. By precomputing the pathways and their statistical properties, we obtain the speed necessary for interactive question-and-answer sessions with brain researchers. We survey some questions that researchers have been asking about tractography data and show how our system can be used to answer these questions efficiently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Electrical Engineering, James H. Clark Center, 318 Campus Dr., Room S324, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Sherbond@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sherbondy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Akers
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mackenzie
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dougherty
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wandell
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology*; D003196:Computer Graphics; D003198:Computer Simulation; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D008959:Models, Neurological; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D009415:Nerve Net / Q000166:cytology; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000166:cytology*; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D009862:Online Systems; D014584:User-Computer Interface