The efficacy of a modified aluminosilicate as a detoxifying agent in Fusarium toxin contaminated maize containing diets for piglets.
Two feeding experiments with female weaned piglets were carried out applying a complete two by two factorial design to investigate the effects of the dietary inclusion of 500 g/kg Fusarium toxin contaminated maize (8.6 mg/kg deoxynivalenol (DON); 1.2 mg/kg zearalenone (ZON)) and of 4 g/kg aluminosilicate (AS) as a detoxifying agent. The resulting four diets were fed ad libitum to a total of 80 piglets (20 piglets per group, allotted to a total of 20 pens) covering a live weight range of 10.5 +/- 1.3 to 27.5 +/- 4.4 kg in experiment 1, and to a total of 48 piglets (12 piglets per group, allotted to 12 pens) covering a live weight range of 9.7 +/- 1.8 to 21.4 +/- 4.8 kg in experiment 2. The animals of experiment 1 were slaughtered on days 34-36 of feeding the experimental diets. The mycotoxin analyses revealed that the control maize also contained considerable concentrations of Fusarium toxins, but the differences in DON and ZON concentrations between control and contaminated diets were sufficiently high to demonstrate both dose-related toxin effects. Voluntary feed intake and live weight gain of the animals were significantly reduced by the inclusion of Fusarium toxin contaminated maize into the diets in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was found in experiment 1. Furthermore, the relative weight of the uterus, stomach and heart of the animals fed the contaminated maize containing diets were significantly increased. Serum albumin concentrations and the activity of GLDH were significantly reduced by the inclusion of the contaminated maize. The addition of AS to the Fusarium toxin contaminated diets did not prevent or alleviate any of the mentioned effects. Moreover, the feed intake tended to be decreased by this supplementation in both experiments, while a significantly decreased feed to gain ratio was indicated for this factor in experiment one as well. The serum concentration of albumin and the activities of ASAT and gammaGT were significantly increased if AS was present in the diets while serum concentration of cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol were decreased significantly or in tendency, respectively. The concentrations of retinol and retinyl esters in liver and serum were not altered by the treatments. The analysed concentrations of zearalenone (ZON) and its metabolites in the bile fluid clearly indicated the differences in dietary ZON concentrations and showed that AS was ineffective in preventing the absorption of the toxin from the gastrointestinal tract. Also, serum concentrations of DON reflected the DON intake prior to sampling. However, there were no differences between groups fed diets with or without AS which also suggests the inefficacy of the tested AS in preventing the DON absorption. The present investigations failed to demonstrate a detoxifying capacity of the tested additive and emphasize the general necessity for a critical verification of detoxifying agents in vivo.
Döll
S
S
Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Institute of Animal Nutrition, Braunschweig, Germany. susanne.doell@fal.de
Gericke
S
S
Dänicke
S
S
Raila
J
J
Ueberschär
K-H
KH
Valenta
H
H
Schnurrbusch
U
U
Schweigert
F J
FJ
Flachowsky
G
G
D000538:Aluminum Silicates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004435:Eating / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005506:Food Contamination; D005670:Fusarium / Q000378:metabolism; D007408:Intestinal Absorption / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D013552:Swine; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*; D014886:Weaning; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000187:drug effects; D003313:Zea mays / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000633:toxicity*
D000538:Aluminum Silicates; D014255:Trichothecenes; C049037:aluminosilicate; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol