title: Nuclear import of {alpha}B-crystallin is phosphorylation-dependent and hampered by hyperphosphorylation of the myopathy-related mutant R120G.
abstract: Phosphorylation modulates the functioning of alphaB-crystallin as a molecular chaperone. We here explore the role of phosphorylation in the nuclear import and cellular localization of alphaB-crystallin in HeLa cells. Inhibition of nuclear export demonstrated that phosphorylation of alphaB-crystallin is required for import into the nucleus. As revealed by mutant analysis, phosphorylation at Ser-59 is crucial for nuclear import, and phosphorylation at Ser-45 is required for speckle localization. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that the import of alphaB-crystallin is possibly regulated by its phosphorylation-dependent interaction with the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein, an important factor in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein nuclear import and assembly. This interaction was supported by co-localization of endogenous phosphorylated alphaB-crystallin with SMN in nuclear structures. The cardiomyopathy-causing alphaB-crystallin mutant R120G was found to be excessively phosphorylated, which disturbed SMN interaction and nuclear import, and resulted in the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions. Like for other protein aggregation disorders, hyperphosphorylation appears as an important aspect of the pathogenicity of alphaB-crystallin R120G.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry 161, Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: den Engelsman
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gerrits
authors.forename: Wilfried W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Kanefusa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Wilbert C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Boelens
mesh_terms: D021581:Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism*; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D055532:SMN Complex Proteins; D038203:alpha-Crystallin B Chain