title: Suicide-homicide temporal interrelationship, links with other fatalities, and environmental physical activity.
abstract: Homicide and suicide are extremes in human behavior. The aim of this study is to investigate the connection by time between suicide and homicide, between them and other fatalities, and their links with the level of cosmophysical activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the national database of Lithuania (1990-2002) we found that 547,875 deaths, 4,638 homicides (3,374 male) and 19,527 (16,019 male) suicides were registered in that period. Their temporal distribution over 156 months was compared with solar and cosmic-ray activity. Pearson correlation coefficients and their probabilities were established.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a correlation between monthly rates of homicide and male groups. Female suicide rates correlated with male and total homicide numbers. Both homicide and suicide rates were inversely correlated with solar and cosmic-ray activity. Suicide numbers, but not homicides, were inversely related to geomagnetic activity. Suicide rates were inversely correlated with total, cardiovascular, traffic accident, and sudden deaths; homicide with total, traffic accident, and sudden deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Temporal distribution of homicide and suicide is significantly interrelated. Both are linked to parameters of cosmophysical activity. The influence of cosmic rays deserves special attention.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Epidemiology Unit Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tiqwa, Israel. stoupel@inter.net.il
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stoupel
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kalëdienë
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Petrauskiene
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Starkuviene
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abramson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Israelevich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sulkes
mesh_terms: D003359:Cosmic Radiation; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008097:Lithuania; D012737:Sex Factors; D019445:Solar Activity; D013405:Suicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors