title: Intrauterine growth restriction and absent or reverse end-diastolic blood flow in umbilical artery (Doppler class II or III): A retrospective study of short- and long-term fetal morbidity and mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Absent or reverse end-diastolic flow (Doppler II/III) in umbilical artery is correlated with poor perinatal outcome, particularly in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses. The optimal timing of delivery is still controversial. We studied the short- and long-term morbidity and mortality among these children associated with our defined management.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-nine IUGR fetuses with umbilical Doppler II/III were divided into three groups; Group 1, severe early IUGR, no therapeutic intervention (n = 7); Group 2, fetuses with pathological biophysical profile, immediate delivery (n = 35); Group 3, fetuses for which expectant management had been decided (n = 27).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group 1, stillbirth was observed after a mean delay of 6.3 days. Group 2 delivered at an average of 31.6 weeks and two died in the neonatal period (6%). In Group 3 after a mean delay of 8 days, average gestational age at delivery was 31.7 weeks; two intra uterine and four perinatal deaths were observed (22%). Long-term follow-up revealed no sequelae in 25/31 (81%) and 15/18 (83%), and major handicap occurred in 1 (3%) and 2 patients (11%), respectively, for Groups 2 and 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal mortality was observed in 22% of this high risk group. After a mean period of follow-up of 5 years, 82% of infants showed no sequelae. According to our management, IUGR associated with umbilical Doppler II or III does not show any benefit from an expectant management in term of long-term morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Lausanne, Maternity-CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. Stefan.Gerber@chuv.hospvd.ch
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gerber
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hohlfeld
authors.forename: Francine
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Viquerat
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Tolsa
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Vial
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D003971:Diastole; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005333:Fetus / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology