title: Decreased number of acetylcholine receptors is the mechanism that alters the time course of muscle relaxants in myasthenia gravis: a study in a rat model.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In myasthenic patients, the time course of action of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents is prolonged and the sensitivity is increased. We used our antegrade perfused rat peroneal nerve anterior tibialis muscle model to investigate if this altered time course of effect and sensitivity can be explained by the decreased acetylcholine receptor concentration that is caused by the disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Functional acetylcholine receptors were reduced by administration of alpha-bungarotoxin or by injecting monoclonal antibodies against rat acetylcholine receptors (experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis). After induction of anaesthesia, the model was set up and perfusion of the tibialis anterior muscle with blood was started. After stabilization of the twitch, rocuronium or pancuronium were infused until 90% block was obtained. Twitch data and infusion data were recorded and used to calculate the time course of effect and potency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The potency of neuromuscular blocking agents was increased and the offset of the neuromuscular block was prolonged in both the alpha-bungarotoxin groups and the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis groups compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that the increased sensitivity to neuromuscular-blocking agents in myasthenia gravis can be accounted for by a decreased number of acetylcholine receptors. It also shows that the antegrade perfused rat peroneal nerve anterior tibialis muscle model is a suitable model to study the effects of myasthenia gravis on the time course of effect of neuromuscular blocking agents.
authors.affiliation: University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Anesthesiology, Groningen, The Netherlands. a.de.haes@anest.umcg.nl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Haes
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Proost
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: De Baets
authors.forename: M H W
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Stassen
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Houwertjes
authors.forename: J M K H
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wierda
mesh_terms: D000732:Androstanols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking / Q000494:pharmacology; D002038:Bungarotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects; D020720:Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010197:Pancuronium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077123:Rocuronium
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D019138:Antibodies, Blocking; D002038:Bungarotoxins; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D010197:Pancuronium; D000077123:Rocuronium