title: Activity of posaconazole in the treatment of central nervous system fungal infections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A multinational, multicentre, open-label clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of posaconazole, an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal agent, in subjects with invasive fungal infections who had refractory disease or who were intolerant of standard antifungal therapy. In this subanalysis, we report on those subjects in this trial who had a fungal infection that involved the CNS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects received posaconazole oral suspension 800 mg/day in divided doses for up to 1 year; however, subjects could receive additional therapy as part of a treatment-use extension protocol. A blinded, third-party data review committee determined subject eligibility and outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 330 subjects who enrolled in the study, 53 had infections of the CNS, of which 39 were considered evaluable for efficacy. Most had refractory disease (37 of 39) and underlying HIV infection (29 of 39). Twenty-nine subjects had cryptococcal infections, and 10 had infections caused by other fungal pathogens [Aspergillus spp. (four), Pseudallescheria boydii (two), Coccidioides immitis (one), Histoplasma capsulatum (one), Ramichloridium mackenziei (one), and Apophysomyces elegans plus a Basidiomycetes sp. (one)]. Successful outcomes were observed in 14 of 29 (48%) subjects with cryptococcal meningitis and five of 10 (50%) subjects with CNS infections due to other fungal pathogens. Posaconazole was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that posaconazole, as an oral medication, has clinical activity against fungal infections of the CNS and may provide a valuable alternative to parenteral therapy in patients failing existing antifungal agents.
authors.affiliation: Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. tmppt@mahidol.ac.th
authors.forename: Punnee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pitisuttithum
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Negroni
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Graybill
authors.forename: Beatriz
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bustamante
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pappas
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Roberta S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hare
authors.forename: Catherine J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hardalo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020314:Central Nervous System Fungal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D014230:Triazoles; C101425:posaconazole