title: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) activity in hepatoma cells is reduced by an adenoviral vector coding for an ALDH2 antisense mRNA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Individuals carrying the Glu487Lys coding mutation in the gene for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) have a diminished capacity to metabolize acetaldehyde. This deficiency leads to increases in blood acetaldehyde levels when they consume ethanol, which results in an aversion to alcohol and in marked protection against alcoholism. In the present studies, we aimed to mimic the high-acetaldehyde low-ALDH2 activity phenotype in a rat hepatoma cell line by inhibiting Aldh2 gene expression by an Aldh2 antisense-coding gene carried by an adenoviral vector.
  
  
  METHODS
  We designed and produced elevated titers of adenoviral vectors (10 virions/ml) carrying Aldh2 cDNA cloned in the reverse orientation preceded by a CMV promoter and followed by a poly-A termination signal. Rat hepatoma cells were infected with these vectors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Studies showed that 1) the antisense gene is actively transcribed in the cells and high levels of antisense mRNA are attained, 2) the antisense gene reduced ALDH2 activity by 65%, and 3) when incubated with 10 mM ethanol, acetaldehyde accumulation by cells increased 8-fold to levels (80-90 microM) known to be aversive to animals and humans.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Data presented show that antialcohol drugs that inhibit Aldh2 gene expression can be generated endogenously in liver cells infected by an adenoviral vector carrying an antisense-coding gene, thus mimicking the high-acetaldehyde phenotype that exists in humans carrying the Glu487Lys mutation who are protected against alcoholism.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Health Sciences, Diego Portales University, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Millennium Institute for Advanced Studies in Cell Biology and Biotechnology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karahanian
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ocaranza
authors.forename: Yedy
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Israel
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000235:genetics; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity; D006580:Genetic Carrier Screening; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D016372:RNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D016372:RNA, Antisense; D000431:Ethanol; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; C505112:Aldh2 protein, rat; D000079:Acetaldehyde