title: Atypical mycobacterial cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children: a disease as old as mankind, yet a persistent challenge.
abstract: The diagnosis of atypical cervicofacial lymphadenitis is often not readily clinically apparent. Parents may bring a child to the physician's attention long before the development of the classic findings. When assessing the child with acute-onset cervicofacial lymphadenitis, there are 2 imperative clinical determinations: Is the lymphadenitis of viral, bacterial, or mycobacterial etiology? If of mycobacterial etiology, is it an atypical or tuberculous mycobacterial process? The goal in management is to avoid misdiagnosis and lengthy duration of symptoms before appropriate therapy is instituted. This paper includes a case study-based review of the evaluation, diagnosis, and management of cervicofacial lymphadenitis in children due to atypical mycobacterial organisms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Adele Karen
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Cunningham
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004977:Ethambutol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006099:Granuloma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D009336:Necrosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014388:Tuberculosis, Lymph Node / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004977:Ethambutol; D017291:Clarithromycin; D012293:Rifampin