title: Untreated pediatric primitive neuroectodermal tumor in vivo: quantitation of taurine with MR spectroscopy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively investigate whether quantitation of taurine (Tau) concentrations with proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy in vivo improves the differentiation of primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) from other common brain tumors in pediatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The institutional review board approved this review of clinical data; it was not necessary to obtain parental consent. This study was HIPAA compliant. Single-voxel proton spectroscopy was added to the preoperative MR imaging work-up of 29 patients (12 boys and 17 girls; mean age, 6.5 years +/- 3.5) with untreated brain tumors; 13 had PNETs, and 16 had other tumors. Absolute concentrations (measured in millimoles per kilogram of brain tissue) of metabolites of the proton spectrum were determined. Student t tests were used for statistical comparisons.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Elevated absolute Tau concentration proved to be the most significant metabolite in the differentiation of PNETs from other tumors (6.09 mmol/kg +/- 2.24 vs 0.76 mmol/kg +/- 0.95, P < .001). PNETs also exhibited a higher ratio of Tau relative to choline (1.21 +/- 0.48 vs 0.28 +/- 0.39, P < .001), a higher ratio of Tau relative to creatine (1.28 +/- 0.44 vs 0.38 +/- 0.67, P < .001), a reduced a ratio of N-acetyl-aspartate relative to choline (0.20 +/- 0.20 vs 0.79 +/- 0.56, P < .001), and an increased choline concentration (5.30 mmol/kg +/- 1.64 vs 3.08 mmol/kg +/- 2.53, P < .05). Tau concentrations ranged from 2.62 to 11.15 mmol/kg in individual patients with a PNET.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-voxel quantitative (1)H MR spectroscopy performed in patients with untreated pediatric brain tumors showed that the Tau concentration was significantly elevated in PNETs and was useful in the differentiation of PNETs from other tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Division of Neurosurgery, and Department of Neuropathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, MS 81, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovanlikaya
authors.forename: Ashok
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Panigrahy
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Krieger
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Gomez
authors.forename: Nilesh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ghugre
authors.forename: J Gordon
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: McComb
authors.forename: Floyd H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gilles
authors.forename: Marvin D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blüml
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D018242:Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013654:Taurine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013654:Taurine