title: Morphological classification and sexual dimorphism of hyoid bone: new approach.
abstract: Hyoid bone is a part of viscerocranium placed between the tongue root and thyroid cartilage to which it is connected by thyrohyoid membrane. Widely accepted morphological classification does not exist. Sexual dimorphism was analysed in this study and new guidelines for anatomical classification of hyoid bones based on anthropometric parameters were given. Total number of analysed bones was 70. The bones were classified into three groups: symmetrical U-type, symmetrical V-type and asymmetrical type according to the angle between greater horns and the proportion of greater horns length. In the females incidence of asymmetrical type is considerably higher than in the males, while the incidence of symmetrical V-type is lower The angle value that is on average higher in males may be the parameter indicating that in puberty hyoid bone, still not completely ossified, to some extent follows development of thyroid cartilage because of their close anatomical relation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University Osijek, Osijek, Croatia. igor_leksan@net.hr
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Leksan
authors.forename: Mladen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marcikić
authors.forename: Vasilije
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Nikolić
authors.forename: Radivoje
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Radić
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Selthofer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000886:Anthropometry; D001846:Bone Development; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011627:Puberty; D012727:Sex Characteristics