title: Robust x-ray tubes for use within magnetic fields of MR scanners.
abstract: A hybrid system that combines an x-ray fluoroscopic system and a magnetic resonance (MR) system can provide physicians with the synergy of exquisite soft tissue contrast (from MR) and high temporal and spatial resolutions (from x ray), which may significantly benefit a number of image-guided interventional procedures. However, the system configuration may require the x-ray tube to be placed in a magnetic field, which can hinder the proper functioning of the x-ray tube by deflecting its electron beam. From knowledge of how the magnetic field affects the electron trajectories, we propose creating another magnetic field along the cathode-anode axis using either solenoids or permanent magnets to reduce the deflection of the electron beam for two cases: a strong and slightly misaligned field or a weak field that is arbitrary in direction. Theoretical analysis is presented and the electron beam is simulated in various external magnetic fields with a finite element modeling program. Results show that both correction schemes enhance the robustness of the x-ray tube operation in an externally applied magnetic field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA. wenzf@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Zhifei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahrig
authors.forename: Norbert J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Pelc
mesh_terms: D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D004574:Electromagnetic Fields; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D013382:Subtraction Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*