title: Racial/ethnic disparities in potentially preventable readmissions: the case of diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Considerable differences in prevalence of diabetes and management of the disease exist among racial/ethnic groups. We examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and hospital readmissions for diabetes-related conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nonmaternal adult patients with Medicare, Medicaid, or private insurance coverage hospitalized for diabetes-related conditions in 5 states were identified from the 1999 State Inpatient Databases of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. Racial/ethnic differences in the likelihood of readmission were estimated by logistic regression with adjustment for patient demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics and hospital attributes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The risk-adjusted likelihood of 180-day readmission was significantly lower for non-Hispanic Whites than for Hispanics across all 3 payers or for non-Hispanic Blacks among Medicare enrollees. Within each payer, Hispanics from low-income communities had the highest risk of readmission. Among Medicare beneficiaries, Blacks and Hispanics had higher percentages of readmission for acute complications and microvascular disease, while Whites had higher percentages of readmission for macrovascular conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Racial/ethnic disparities are more evident in 180-day than in 30-day readmission rates, and greatest among the Medicare population. Readmission diagnoses vary by race/ethnicity, with Blacks and Hispanics at higher risk for those complications more likely preventable with effective postdischarge care.
authors.affiliation: Center for Delivery, Organization and Markets, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. jjiang@ahrq.gov
authors.forename: H Joanna
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Roxanne
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stryer
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D019992:Databases as Topic; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006761:Hospitals / Q000145:classification / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007345:Insurance Claim Review; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010359:Patient Readmission / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012935:Social Justice; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data