title: Accuracy of image-guided implantology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The accuracy of two commercially available systems for image-guided dental implant insertion based on infrared tracking cameras was compared with manual implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Phantoms of partially edentulous mandibles were used. In a master phantom, pilot boreholes for dental implants were placed. These boreholes were reproduced in slave phantoms using either of the two image-guided systems and manual implantation. The resulting positions were determined using a coordinate measurement machine and compared with the master model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with manual implantation, the difference of borehole positions to the master phantom was significantly lower using either of the systems for image-guided implant insertion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Image-guided insertion of dental implants is significantly more accurate than manual insertion. However, the accuracy that can be achieved with manual implantation is sufficient for most clinical situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brief
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Edinger
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hassfeld
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eggers
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry; D003626:Data Display; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D007576:Jaw, Edentulous, Partially / Q000601:surgery; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data