title: The incidence of deep and lobar intracerebral hemorrhage in whites, blacks, and Hispanics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black and Hispanic Americans have a greater risk of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) than whites. Deep ICH is most often associated with hypertension, while lobar ICH is associated with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. The authors conducted a population-based incidence study to directly compare the incidence of deep vs lobar ICH in all three race-ethnic groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors used an active hospital and community surveillance program and autopsy reports to identify incident ICH cases among white, black, and Caribbean Hispanic adults in Northern Manhattan between July 1993 and June 1997. Incidence rates were adjusted for age and sex to the 1990 US Census. CIs for risk ratios (RR) were calculated with Byar's chi2 approximation of the Poisson distribution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The authors identified 155 cases of ICH for an annual incidence of 30.9/100,000 (26.7 to 35.0). Men had a higher risk of ICH than women (RR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.8), driven entirely by the incidence of deep ICH (RR 1.8) rather than lobar ICH (RR 1.0). Compared with whites, RR for blacks was all ICH 3.8 (2.2 to 8.9), deep 4.8 (2.3 to 21.1), lobar 2.8 (1.2 to 14.4); RR for Hispanics was all 2.6 (1.4 to 6.1), deep 3.7 (1.7 to 16.5), lobar 1.4 (0.4 to 7.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ICH is a heterogeneous disease with deep and lobar subtypes distinguishable on an epidemiologic basis. The different patterns of these two subtypes in our race-ethnically diverse population lend credence to the notion that ICH should no longer be treated as a single entity.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, New York, USA. DLL20@columbia.edu
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Labovitz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Boden-Albala
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Hauser
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Sacco
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000145:classification* / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000208:ethnology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009519:New York City / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001741:Black or African American