title: Extended cycle hormonal contraception in adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is increasing interest in the use of extended cycles of hormonal contraception to manage menstrual cycle-related complaints in adolescents and to accommodate the menstrual preferences of patients using hormonal contraception. This review summarizes recent findings related to the use of extended cycles and highlights their relevance to adolescents.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Many adolescents would prefer to menstruate less frequently. Among health care providers who prescribe hormonal contraceptives, the majority believe suppressing withdrawal bleeding is well tolerated and prescribe extended cycling regimens to their patients. Shortening or eliminating the hormone-free interval results in greater ovarian suppression and thus may increase contraceptive efficacy. Studies in adult women have not identified changes in metabolic parameters beyond what would be expected from traditional cyclic use. New endometrial biopsy data have found no pathologic changes; most women using an extended cycle had atrophic endometriums. Extended cycling is frequently associated with breakthrough bleeding. In some women, this can be managed with a brief hormone-free interval.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recent findings demonstrate high levels of interest in extended cycling among adolescents and providers, and continue to add to the growing body of literature supporting the safety and improved contraceptive efficacy of extended regimens. Further research is warranted to focus on issues including cancer, thrombotic disease and fertility, and should enroll a sufficient adolescent sample.
authors.affiliation: Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA. Gina.Sucato@chp.edu
authors.forename: Gina S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Sucato
authors.forename: Kelly L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Gerschultz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D008598:Menstruation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000523:psychology; D008599:Menstruation Disturbances / Q000188:drug therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral