title: Novel antifoam for fermentation processes: fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon hybrid unsymmetrical bolaform surfactant.
abstract: As foaming appears as a problem in chemical and fermentation processes that inhibits reactor performance, the eminence of a novel fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon unsymmetrical bolaform (FHUB: OH(CH2)11N+(C2H4)2(CH2)2(CF2)5CF3 I-) surfactant as an antifoaming agent as well as a foam-reducing agent was investigated and compared with other surfactants and a commercial antifoaming agent. The surface elasticity of FHUB was determined as 4 mN/m, indicating its high potential on thinning of the foam film. The interactions between FHUB and the microoganism were investigated in a model fermentation process related with an enzyme production by recombinant Escherichia coli, in V = 3.0 dm3 bioreactor systems with V(R) = 1.65 dm3 working volume at air inlet rate of Q(o)/V(R) = 0.5 dm3 dm(-3) min(-1) and agitation rate of N = 500 min(-1) oxygen transfer conditions, at T = 37 degrees C, pH(o) = 7.2, and C(FHUB) = 0 and 0.1 mM, in a glucose-based defined medium. As FHUB did not influence the metabolism, specific enzyme activity values obtained with and without FHUB were close to each other; however, because of the slight decrease in oxygen transfer coefficient, slightly lower volumetric enzyme activity and cell concentrations were obtained. However, when FHUB is compared with widely used silicon oil based Antifoam A, with the use of the FHUB, higher physical oxygen transfer coefficient (K(L)a) values are obtained. Moreover, as the amount required for the foam control is very low, minute changes in the working volume of the bioreactor were obtained indicating the high potential of the use of FHUB as an antifoaming agent as well as a foam-reducing agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory, Middle East Technical University, 06531 Ankara, Turkey. pcalik@metu.edu.tr
authors.forename: Pinar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calik
authors.forename: Nazar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ileri
authors.forename: Burak I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Erdinç
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Aydogan
authors.forename: Muharrem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Argun
mesh_terms: D000934:Antifoaming Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005285:Fermentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D006838:Hydrocarbons / Q000737:chemistry*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D013499:Surface Properties; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000934:Antifoaming Agents; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D006838:Hydrocarbons; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D010100:Oxygen