title: Effect of energy-reduced diets high in dairy products and fiber on weight loss in obese adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Studies suggest that high-dairy and high-fiber/low-glycemic index diets may facilitate weight loss, but data are conflicting. The effects on weight loss and body fat of a high-dairy diet and a diet high in dairy and fiber and low in glycemic index were compared with a standard diet.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety obese subjects were recruited into a randomized trial of three diets designed to provide a calorie deficit of 500 calories/d over a 48-week period. The study compared a moderate (not low)-calcium diet with a high-calcium diet.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two subjects completed the study. Significant weight and fat loss occurred with all three diets. A diet with 1400 mg of calcium did not result in greater weight (11.8 +/- 6.1 kg) or fat (9.0 +/- 6.0 kg) loss than a diet with 800 mg of calcium (10.0 +/- 6.8 and 7.5 +/- 6.6 kg, respectively). A diet with 1400 mg of calcium, increased fiber content, and fewer high-glycemic index foods did not result in greater weight (10.6 +/- 6.8 kg) or fat (8.5 +/- 7.8 kg) loss than the standard diet with 800 mg of calcium. Lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, leptin, fasting glucose, and insulin improved significantly, but there were no significant differences between the experimental diets and the control diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence that diets higher than 800 mg of calcium in dairy products or higher in fiber and lower in glycemic index enhance weight reduction beyond what is seen with calorie restriction alone.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Medicine, Division of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA. Thompson.Warren@mayo.edu
authors.forename: Warren G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rostad Holdman
authors.forename: Denise J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Janzow
authors.forename: Jeffrey M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Slezak
authors.forename: Kristin L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Michael B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zemel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003611:Dairy Products; D004038:Diet, Reducing / Q000379:methods*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D004043:Dietary Fiber