title: Short and long term association of a single serum cholesterol measurement in middle-aged men in prediction of fatal coronary and other cardiovascular events: a cross-cultural comparison through Europe.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose was to study the association of a single serum cholesterol measurement with early and late coronary and other cardiovascular deaths during 35 years of follow-up in samples of men aged 40-59 years in five European countries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A single serum total cholesterol measurement was considered in samples from Finland (N = 1563), the Netherlands (N = 811), Italy (N = 1642), Serbia (N = 1537) and Greece (N = 1158) (total = 6711). Seven partitioned proportional hazards models were solved, one for each of seven independent 5-year blocks, to predict coronary, stroke, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality risk. Partitioned hazard scores were cumulated. The resulting curves showed a relatively constant strength in risk for coronary deaths as a function of baseline serum cholesterol levels, although a strong relationship during the first 10-year period was followed by a weaker relationship later on. The pooled estimates for the five countries gave a relative risk for 1 mmol/l of serum cholesterol (95% confidence intervals) of 1.44 (1.23-1.68) for the first period; 1.52 (1.31-1.76) for the second period; and 1.16 (1.02-1.32) for the third period; 1.18 (1.05-1.32) for the forth period; 1.17 (1.05-1.31) for the fifth period; 1.22 (1.10-1.35) for the sixth period; 1.18 (1.05-1.32) for the seventh 5-year period of follow-up. No significant relationship were found between serum cholesterol and stroke and all-cause mortality, while intermediate findings were obtained for cardiovascular diseases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A single serum cholesterol measurement in middle aged-men maintains a strong relationship with the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths during 35 years of follow-up.
authors.affiliation: Association for Cardiac Research, Associazione per la Ricerca Cardiologica, Rome, Italy. menottia@tin.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menotti
authors.forename: Mariapaola
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lanti
authors.forename: Daan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kromhout
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kafatos
authors.forename: Srecko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nedeljkovic
authors.forename: Aulikki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nissinen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000097:blood / Q000401:mortality*; D015022:Yugoslavia / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002784:Cholesterol