title: Methods for measuring TGF-b using antibodies, cells, and mice.
abstract: The transforming growth factor (TGF)-betas are essential in pre- and postnatal development, differentiation and morphogenesis of higher organisms. Quantitation of the levels of TGF-beta synthesis, secretion, and activation are crucial for grasping the mechanisms that control these events and ultimately control TGF-beta action. Rather than presenting a single method, we describe several methods for measuring active TGF-beta in different experimental situations. This is possible as a result of advances in transgenic mice technology that allow in vivo TGF-beta measurements in addition to the more established in vitro approaches.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistrty and Cell Biology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jurukovski
authors.forename: Branka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dabovic
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Todorovic
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Rifkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology; D005821:Genetic Techniques; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008156:Luciferases / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008907:Mink; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000032:analysis* / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D008156:Luciferases