title: Combined therapy with clonidine and amantadine may act in two stages of glutamate-mediated neuropathic pain caused by a needle puncture in an upper extremity.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Anesthesiology †Department of Clinical Pharmacy; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; inomatas@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inomata
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyabe
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sukegawa
authors.forename: Yoshiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osaka
authors.forename: Yukinao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kohda
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Toyooka
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000547:Amantadine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D005260:Female; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine; D008475:Median Nerve / Q000293:injuries*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D018691:Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D007649:Ketamine; D000547:Amantadine; D003000:Clonidine