Type I signal peptidase: an overview.
The signal hypothesis suggests that proteins contain information within their amino acid sequences for protein targeting to the membrane. These distinct targeting sequences are cleaved by specific enzymes known as signal peptidases. There are various type of signal peptidases known such as type I, type II, and type IV. Type I signal peptidases are indispensable enzymes, which catalyze the cleavage of the amino-terminal signal-peptide sequences from preproteins, which are translocated across biological membranes. These enzymes belong to a novel group of serine proteases, which generally utilize a Ser-Lys or Ser-His catalytic dyad instead of the prototypical Ser-His-Asp triad. Despite having no distinct consensus sequence other than a commonly found 'Ala-X-Ala' motif preceding the cleavage site, signal sequences are recognized by type I signal peptidase with high fidelity. Type I signal peptidases have been found in bacteria, archaea, fungi, plants, and animals. In this review, I present an overview of bacterial type I signal peptidases and describe some of their properties in detail.
Tuteja
Renu
R
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India. renu@icgeb.res.in
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001665:Binding Sites; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011485:Protein Binding; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000502:physiology*; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*
D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; C026515:type I signal peptidase