title: A randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of Hochuekkito, a traditional herbal medicine, in the treatment of elderly patients with weakness N of one and responder restricted design.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of Hochuekkito, a traditional Japanese and Chinese medicine, in the treatment of elderly patients with general weakness. To devise a suitable study design for assessing the clinical effectiveness of traditional herbal medicines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen elderly patients (mean +/- SD: age 78.4 +/- 7.8; m/f 3/12) participated in this study. A multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with N of one and responder restricted design was performed. After the run-in period, the patients were divided into responders and non-responders. Only responders were entered in the study, and were randomized into three groups: an active-placebo group, a placebo-active group and an active-active group. The study consisted of two 6-week terms with a 2-week washout period in between. We assessed the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Profile of Mood States (POMS) as an endpoint of quality of life (QOL). In addition, we assessed the biodefense status by measuring the natural killer cytolytic activity (NK activity), IL-2 producing activity of peripheral lymphocytes, lymphocyte proliferating activity and lymphocyte cell-surface antigens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physical component summary of the SF-36 analysis significantly improved in the Hochuekkito-treated group. Four components (A-H: anger-hostility, F: fatigue, T-A: tension-anxiety, C: confusion) out of six improved in the Hochuekkito-treated group in the POMS analysis. Lymphocyte proliferating activity improved in the Hochuekkito-treated group but not significantly. Concerning the surface antigens of peripheral lymphocytes, the population of CD3 positive cells and CD3CD4 double positive cells increased in the Hochuekkito-treated group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We revealed that Hochuekkito improved the QOL and immunological status of elderly patients with weakness by randomized controlled trial. Our study design might be useful for assessing the efficacy of traditional herbal medicine in the future.
authors.affiliation: lnternal Medicine, Sunshine Tonami Hospital, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kogure
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tahara
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Origasa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohoda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okubo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terasawa
mesh_terms: D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D010936:Plant Extracts