title: Reversal of obesity-related hypoadiponectinemia by lifestyle intervention: a controlled, randomized study in obese adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hypoadiponectinemia and chronic subclinical inflammation in adults are associated with the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The potential relationship between adiponectin and inflammation and its modulation by lifestyle intervention in the pediatric obese population remain unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objectives were to investigate in adolescents 1) the relationship between adiponectin and obesity-related inflammatory factors, C-reactive protein, and IL-6; and 2) the effect of a lifestyle intervention on adiponectin and whether these effects are related to changes in inflammatory factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one obese and age-matched lean adolescents (age, 14-18 yr; Tanner stage, > or =IV) were studied cross-sectionally. Fifteen obese adolescents also underwent a randomized, controlled physical activity-behavior-diet-based lifestyle intervention for 3 months. Associations among adiponectin, fat mass, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors at baseline as well as after the intervention were assessed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma adiponectin concentration was lower (P < 0.001) in the obese vs. age-matched lean adolescents. Significant inverse relationships were observed between adiponectin and inflammatory factors, insulinemia, insulin resistance, and fat mass. Intervention produced a 34% increase in adiponectin concentration (P = 0.0004) despite negligible weight loss but with reductions in fat mass, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and inflammatory factors (all P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that in adolescents, obesity-related hypoadiponectinemia is associated with subclinical inflammation, and a short-term lifestyle intervention augments adiponectin concentrations. These effects appear to be related to reductions in fat mass and inflammatory factors. Based on our current understanding of adiponectin physiology, reversal of hypoadiponectinemia in obese adolescents may protect against risks for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Nemours Children's Clinic, 807 Children's Way, Jacksonville, Florida 32207, USA. bbalagop@nemours.org
authors.forename: Prabhakaran
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Balagopal
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yarandi
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Funanage
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bayne
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000293:Adolescent; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: C499918:ADIPOQ protein, human; D052242:Adiponectin; D015850:Interleukin-6; D002097:C-Reactive Protein