title: The effects of nebulized salbutamol, external positive end-expiratory pressure, and their combination on respiratory mechanics, hemodynamics, and gas exchange in mechanically ventilated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.
abstract: We hypothesized that combined salbutamol and external positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPe) may present additive benefits in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation. In 10 anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and bronchodilator-responsive COPD patients exhibiting moderate intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi), we assessed respiratory system (rs) mechanics, hemodynamics, and gas exchange at (a) baseline (zero PEEPe [ZEEPe]), (b) 30 min after 5 mg of nebulized salbutamol administration (ZEEPe-S), (c) 30 min after setting PEEPe at baseline PEEPi level (PEEPe), and (d) 30 min after 5 mg of nebulized salbutamol administration with PEEPe maintained unchanged (PEEPe-S). Return of determined variable values to baseline values was confirmed before PEEPe application. Relative to ZEEPe, (a) at ZEEP-S, PEEPi (4.8 +/- 0.7 versus 7.0 +/- 1.1 cm H(2)O), functional residual capacity change (115.6 +/- 23.1 versus 202.1 +/- 46.0 mL), minimal rs (airway) resistance (9.3 +/- 1.4 versus 11.8 +/- 2.2 cm H(2)O.L(-1).s(-1)), and additional rs resistance (5.2 +/- 1.4 versus 7.2 +/- 1.3 cm H(2)O.L(-1).s(-1)) were reduced (P < 0.01), and hemodynamics were improved; (b) at PEEPe, PEEPi (3.7 +/- 1.3 cm H(2)O) was reduced (P < 0.01), and gas exchange was improved; and (c) at PEEPe-S, PEEPi (2.0 +/- 1.2 cm H(2)O) was minimized, and rs mechanics (static rs elastance included), hemodynamics, and gas exchange were improved. Conclusively, in carefully preselected COPD patients, bronchodilation/PEEPe exhibits additive benefits.
authors.affiliation: *Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Attikon University Hospital; and †Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tzoufi
authors.forename: Spyros D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mentzelopoulos
authors.forename: Charis
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roussos
authors.forename: Apostolos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Armaganidis
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000368:Aged; D000420:Albuterol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005652:Functional Residual Capacity; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D000420:Albuterol