title: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene delivery to muller glia preserves structure and function of light-damaged photoreceptors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the hypothesis that adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to Müller cells can protect photoreceptors from light-induced retinal degeneration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adult Sprague-Dawley rats received an intraocular injection of Ad.BDNF, control Ad containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene, or BDNF recombinant protein. Animals were then exposed to 5, 10, or 16 days of constant light. The effect of Ad.BDNF on photoreceptor survival was examined histologically, by measuring the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thickness, and functionally, by measuring the electroretinographic (ERG) response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ad.BDNF mediated sustained expression of bioactive neurotrophin by Müller cells that lasted for at least 30 days after viral vector administration. BDNF gene delivery to Müller glia markedly increased the survival and structural integrity of light-damaged photoreceptors. For example, after 10 days of exposure to light, the average percentage of ONL preservation in the superior central retina of eyes that received Ad.BDNF was 71%, compared with 46% in eyes that received a control Ad.GFP or 15% in contralateral eyes. Of importance, retinas exposed to Ad.BDNF had more photoreceptor nuclei than retinas that received a single intraocular injection of BDNF recombinant protein. The neuroprotective effect of Ad.BDNF was accompanied by preservation of the ERG response of the treated eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data provide proof of the concept that BDNF gene transfer into Müller cells is an effective strategy for preserving structure and function of photoreceptors in retinal degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Pavillon Principal, 2900 Boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec H3T IJ4, Canada.
authors.forename: Rosemarie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gauthier
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Joly
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pernet
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lachapelle
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Polo
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008027:Light; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000378:metabolism*; D010786:Photoreceptor Cells / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011833:Radiation Injuries, Experimental / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012162:Retinal Degeneration / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins