title: Comparison of muscular and articular factors in the progression of contractures after spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: METHODS
  Experimental, controlled trial.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To identify the relationship between the muscular and articular factors in the progression of contractures after spinal cord injury (SCI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 48 female Wistar rats were used. The 24 experimental rats that underwent a spinal cord transection and the other 24 control rats that underwent a sham-operation were assessed at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, or 24 weeks postsurgery. Knee joint motion was measured for flexion and extension. Myotomy of the transarticular muscles was then performed and range of motion was measured again. The degree of contractures was assessed by goniometry measuring the femorotibial angle before and after the myotomies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The spinal cord-injured rats demonstrated flaccid paralysis during the first few days postsurgery and thereafter spastic paralysis. Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities for all measurements were >0.814. Knee flexion contractures developed in the all experimental rats, and progressed for the first 12 weeks and plateaued thereafter. Both the muscular (48+/-5%) and articular (52+/-5%) factors contributed almost equally to the overall progression of the contracture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings may shed light on the underlying pathophysiology of contractures and should help guide research towards finding the elucidation of contracture development after SCI.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunahori
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tobimatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003286:Contracture / Q000209:etiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000503:physiopathology*; D052097:Quadriceps Muscle / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors