title: Eszopiclone for insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy data, and adverse effects of eszopiclone in the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia in adult and geriatric patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A MEDLINE literature search (1966-May 2005) was conducted to retrieve articles and abstracts involving eszopiclone. The manufacturer of the drug provided a general summary of clinical data and abstracts of unpublished Phase III clinical trials.
  
  
  METHODS
  All articles identified from the data sources were reviewed, and information deemed relevant was included for this review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Food and Drug Administration approval of eszopiclone was based on 6 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Five trials published in abstract or study form were reviewed. The sixth trial was not available for evaluation. An open-label continuation trial was also reviewed. All studies showed statistically significant improvements in sleep parameters in adult and elderly patients treated for insomnia with eszopiclone.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the 5 available double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (and 1 open-label, 6-month extension) showed that eszopiclone was safe and effective in the treatment of transient and chronic insomnia in adult and geriatric patients. Tolerance with long-term exposure (6 mo) and rebound insomnia were not observed. The results of the 6-month, open-label extension trial demonstrated that improvements in sleep parameters were sustained. Future studies comparing eszopiclone with other non benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotics (eg, zolpidem, zaleplon) are needed with cost data to clearly define the role of eszopiclone in the pharmacotherapy of chronic insomnia.
authors.affiliation: Patient Assistance Program, C-Health, P.C., Lebanon, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Melton
authors.forename: Jill M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Cynthia K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
mesh_terms: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016239:MEDLINE; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone