title: Mutation spectrum and functional analysis of epidermis-type lipoxygenases in patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis.
abstract: Autosomal-recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of severe hereditary keratinization disorders characterized by intense scaling of the whole integument, and differences in color and shape. It is often associated with erythema. To date, six loci for ARCI have been mapped. Mutations in ALOXE3 and ALOX12B on chromosome 17p13, which code for two different epidermal lipoxygenases, were recently found in patients with ichthyosiform erythroderma from Turkey, France, and North Africa. Here we describe molecular and clinical findings in 17 families with ARCI originating from Central Europe, Turkey, and the Indian subcontinent, with mutations in ALOXE3 or ALOX12B. We identified 11 novel point mutations in ALOX12B (one nonsense mutation and 10 missense mutations) and four different inactivating mutations in ALOXE3. The gene products of ALOX12B and ALOXE3, the epidermal lipoxygenases 12R-LOX and eLOX3, respectively, are preferentially synthesized in the skin. They act in sequence to convert arachidonic acid via 12(R)-HPETE to the corresponding epoxyalcohol, 8(R)-hydroxy-11(R),12(R)-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid. To assess the impairment of enzyme activity, we expressed the mutated genes in vitro and determined the activity of the recombinant proteins toward their genuine substrates. All but one of the recombinant mutants were enzymatically inactive. The characterization of disease-causing mutations in ALOXE3 and ALOX12B and the resulting ARCI phenotypes did not result in clear diagnostic criteria; however, we found a first correlation between the genetic findings and the clinical presentation of ichthyosis.
authors.affiliation: Cologne Center for Genomics, Division of Dermatogenetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Katja-Martina
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eckl
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krieg
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Küster
authors.forename: Heiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Traupe
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: André
authors.forename: Nadine
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wittstruck
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fürstenberger
authors.forename: Hans Christian
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Hennies
mesh_terms: D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D002384:Catalysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D005808:Genes, Recessive; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D016113:Ichthyosiform Erythroderma, Congenital / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008084:Lipoxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D010641:Phenotype; D017354:Point Mutation; D044382:Population Groups / Q000235:genetics; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C511051:ALOXE3 protein, human; D008084:Lipoxygenase; D001092:Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase; C476558:ALOX12 protein, human