title: Aprotinin attenuated ischemia-reperfusion injury in an isolated rat lung model after 18-hours preservation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a major factor in the early phase of lung transplantation. We hypothesized that aprotinin, a nonspecific serine protease inhibitor, attenuates ischemia-reperfusion lung injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response and suppressing NADPH oxidase.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used an isolated rat lung model to test the above. A Control group was immediately perfused with fresh heparinized allogeneic blood after lung harvest without an ischemic period. Study lungs were flushed with low-potassium dextran (LPD) solution and stored for 18h at 4 degrees C then divided into two groups: the LPD group was flushed with LPD solution only, and the LPD+A group was flushed with LPD solution +200KIU/ml aprotinin. Lungs in all three groups were then reperfused with fresh heparinized allogeneic blood for 120min at 37 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Throughout reperfusion, PO(2) levels in the LPD+A group were similar to those in the Control group; although in the LPD group, PO(2) levels were significantly lower (P<0.05). Tissue MDA levels were significantly higher in the LPD group than the Control and LPD+A groups (P<0.05). IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the LPD group than the Control group (P<0.05), while in the LPD+A group they were similar to those in the Control group. Histological evaluation showed interstitial edema accompanied by neutrophil extravasation in the LPD group, whereas this effect was modest in the LPD+A group. An additional study of ischemia-reperfusion in an alveolar macrophage culture showed that the activitvation of NADPH oxidase, and translocation of p47(phox) from the cytosol to the membrane were suppressed in aprotinin group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aprotinin attenuates ischemia-reperfusion lung injury by inhibiting the early inflammatory response, neutrophil extravasation and the production of oxygen free radicals through inhibition of the activation of the NADPH oxidase. The inhibition of p47(phox) translocation in alveolar macrophage seemed involved in this mechanism of aprotinin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan. t-shim.tsrg@tmd.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tabuchi
authors.forename: Katsuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kojima
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akamatsu
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arai
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunamori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007611:Aprotinin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005780:Gelatin / Q000032:analysis; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016040:Lung Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000201:enzymology; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D009926:Organ Preservation / Q000379:methods; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015424:Reperfusion / Q000379:methods; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D015842:Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009249:NADP; D005780:Gelatin; D007611:Aprotinin