title: Lack of interaction of milnacipran with the cytochrome p450 isoenzymes frequently involved in the metabolism of antidepressants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the pharmacokinetics of milnacipran in extensive metabolisers (EMs) and poor metabolisers (PMs) of sparteine and mephenytoin, and to assess the influence of multiple administrations of milnacipran on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes through its own metabolism and through various probes, namely CYP2D6 (sparteine/dextromethorphan), CYP2C19 (mephenytoin), CYP1A2 (caffeine) and CYP3A4 (endogenous 6-beta-hydroxy-cortisol excretion).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five healthy subjects, 12 EMs for both sparteine/dextromethorphan and mephenytoin, nine EMs for mephenytoin and PMs for sparteine/dextromethorphan (PM(2D6)) and four PMs for mephenytoin and EMs for sparteine/dextromethorphan (PM(2C19)) were administered milnacipran as a single 50 mg capsule on day 1 followed by a 50 mg capsule twice daily for 7 days. The pharmacokinetics of milnacipran and its oxidative metabolites were assessed after the first dose (day 1) and after multiple administration (day 8), and were compared for differences between CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 PMs and EMs. Metabolic tests were performed before (day -2), during (days 1 and 8) and after (day 20) milnacipran administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Milnacipran steady state was rapidly achieved. Metabolism was limited: approximately 50% unchanged drug, 30% as glucuronide and 20% as oxidative metabolite (mainly F2800 the N-dealkyl metabolite). Milnacipran administration to PM2D6 and PM2C19 subjects did not increase parent drug exposure or decrease metabolite exposure. Milnacipran oxidative metabolism is not mediated through CYP2D6 or CYP2C19 polymorphic pathways nor does it significantly interact with CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 or CYP3A4 activities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Limited reciprocal pharmacokinetic interaction between milnacipran and CYP isoenzymes would confer flexibility in the therapeutic use of the drug when combined with antidepressants. Drug-drug interaction risk would be low, even if the combined treatments were likely to inhibit CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 isoenzyme activities.
authors.affiliation: Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Boulogne, France. christian.puozzo@pierre-fabre.com
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Puozzo
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lens
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reh
authors.forename: Karl
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Michaelis
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rosillon
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deroubaix
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Deprez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003521:Cyclopropanes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D000078764:Milnacipran
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000078764:Milnacipran