Expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase is regulated by cell division, providing a mechanistic basis for division-linked class switch recombination.
Class switch recombination (CSR) is the process by which B cells alter the effector function properties of their Ig molecules. The decision to switch to a particular Ig isotype is determined primarily by the mode of B cell activation and cytokine exposure. More recent work indicates that the likelihood or probability of switching increases with successive cell divisions and is largely independent of time. We have analyzed different molecular features of CSR using cell division as a reference point in an attempt to gain insight into the mechanism of division-linked switching. Our results indicated that the accessibility of Ig heavy chain constant regions targeted for CSR was established after the cells had undergone a single cell division and did not vary significantly with subsequent cell divisions. In contrast, expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) mRNA was found to increase with successive divisions, exhibiting a striking correlation with the frequency of CSR. Levels of AID in a given division remained constant at different time points, strongly suggesting that the regulation of AID expression was division-linked and independent of time. In addition, constitutive AID expression from a transgene accelerated division-linked CSR. Thus, we propose that the division-linked increase in AID expression provides an underlying molecular explanation for division-linked CSR.
Rush
James S
JS
Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, Box 208011, New Haven, CT 06520-8011, USA. jrush@gnf.org
Liu
Man
M
Odegard
Valerie H
VH
Unniraman
Shyam
S
Schatz
David G
DG
D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D002455:Cell Division; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003564:Cytidine Deaminase / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology*; D017578:Immunoglobulin Class Switching; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000235:genetics; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)
D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007143:Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000098830:AICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase); D003564:Cytidine Deaminase