title: Temperatures in soda lime during degradation of desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane by desiccated soda lime.
abstract: Rarely, fire and patient injury result from the degradation of sevoflurane by desiccated Baralyme. The present investigation sought to determine whether high temperatures also arose with sevoflurane use in the presence of desiccated soda lime. We desiccated soda lime by directing a 10 L/min flow of oxygen through fresh absorbent. Using 1140 +/- 30 g (mean +/- sd) of this desiccated absorbent, we filled a single standard absorber canister placed in a standard anesthetic circuit to which we directed a 6 L/min flow of oxygen containing 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) desflurane or sevoflurane, or 3.0 MAC desflurane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane (with and without concurrent delivery of 200 mL/min carbon dioxide). In an additional test, 2 canisters (rather than a single canister) containing desiccated absorbent were used and 3.0 MAC sevoflurane was applied. A 3-L reservoir bag served as a surrogate lung, and we ventilated this lung with a minute ventilation of 10 L/min. With desflurane at 1.5 MAC or 3.0 MAC or isoflurane at 3.0 MAC temperatures increased in 20 to 40 min to a peak of 30 degrees C to 45 degrees C and then declined. With 1.5 or 3.0 MAC sevoflurane, temperatures increased to approximately 90 degrees C, after which temperatures declined. Concurrent delivery of carbon dioxide and sevoflurane did not increase the peak temperatures reached. The use of 2 canisters increased the duration but not the peak of increased temperature reached with 3.0 MAC sevoflurane. No fires resulted from degradation of any anesthetic.
authors.affiliation: From the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California.
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Laster
authors.forename: Edmond I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Eger
mesh_terms: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000737:chemistry*; D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D017610:Calcium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D000077335:Desflurane; D003890:Desiccation; D005390:Fires / Q000517:prevention & control; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000737:chemistry*; D010087:Oxides / Q000737:chemistry*; D017680:Potassium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide / Q000737:chemistry*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D017609:Barium Compounds; D017610:Calcium Compounds; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D010087:Oxides; D017680:Potassium Compounds; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; C068927:Baralyme; C004569:soda lime; D012972:Sodium Hydroxide; D000077335:Desflurane; D007530:Isoflurane; D002126:Calcium Hydroxide