title: Development of the cone ERG in infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess cone photoreceptor and cone-mediated postreceptoral retinal function in infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  ERG responses to a 1.8-log unit range of long-wavelength flashes on a white, rod-saturating background were recorded in 4-week-old (n = 22) and 10-week-old (n = 28) infants and control adults and children, 8 to 40 years of age (n = 13). A model of the activation of cone phototransduction was fit to the a-waves. Sensitivity (S(CONE)) and saturated-response amplitude (R(CONE)) were calculated. The amplitude and implicit time of the b-wave were examined as a function of stimulus intensity. The cone photoresponse parameters were compared to the rod photoresponse parameters (S(ROD) and R(ROD)) in the same subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S(CONE) and R(CONE) in infants were significantly smaller than in the mature control subjects. The mean S(CONE) was 64% and 68%, and the mean R(CONE) was 63% and 72% in 4- and 10-week-olds, respectively. The mean rod photoresponse parameters were considerably less mature, as the mean S(ROD) was 35% and 46%, and the mean R(ROD) was 39% and 43% of mature values at 4 and 10 weeks. The b-wave stimulus-response functions in the 4- and 10-week-old infants did not show the photopic hill that was characteristic of the children's and adults' photopic b-waves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Peripheral cone function is relatively more mature than rod function in young infants. The lack of a photopic hill is hypothesized to result from immaturity in the relative contributions of ON and OFF bipolar cell responses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA. ronald.hansen@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Ronald M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Fulton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D004596:Electroretinography; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D017949:Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D017948:Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology