title: Solid-state characterization of spray-dried ice cream mixes.
abstract: The main physicochemical properties of spray-dried ice cream mixes (i.e. surface composition, wettability, flowability and microstructure) were analyzed. Emulsions contained 19-44% milk fat on a dry basis and included mixes with no added emulsifier and/or sucrose. The time necessary for complete wetting of the powders correlated with the amount of surface free-fat measured by means of solvent extraction. Non-micellar casein (sodium caseinate) showed to be a better co-encapsulant than micellar casein (skim milk) as demonstrated by surface fat coverage measured by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Emulsifiers influenced the fat surface composition of the powders by reducing the amount of surface protein due to their lower interfacial tension. Surface fat caused an initial overestimation of the particle size of the powders due to fat-related caking. Powders showed no flow before and after surface fat extraction which was attributed to fat-related caking and very small particle size (<80 microm), respectively.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Esther-H-J
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Xiao D
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Yrjö H
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Roos
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002364:Caseins / Q000032:analysis; D005223:Fats / Q000032:analysis; D007054:Ice Cream / Q000032:analysis*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D044366:Transition Temperature; D014783:Viscosity; D017155:Wettability
chemical_list: D002364:Caseins; D005223:Fats