title: A controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in medication-resistant major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) as a treatment for depression has shown statistically significant effects, but the clinical significance of these effects has been questioned.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with medication-resistant depression were randomized to receive 15 sessions of active or sham repetitive TMS delivered to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 110% the estimated prefrontal cortex threshold. Each session consisted of 32 trains of 10 Hz repetitive TMS delivered in 5-second trains. The primary end point was treatment response defined as a >or=50% decrease in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) score at both 1 and 2 weeks following the final repetitive TMS treatment. Remission was defined as a HDRS score < 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response rate for the TMS group was 30.6% (11/35), significantly (p = .008) greater than the 6.1% (2/33) rate in the sham group. The remission rate for the TMS group was 20% (7/35), significantly (p = .033) greater than the 3% (1/33) rate in the sham group. The HDRS scores showed a significantly (p < .002) greater decrease over time in the TMS group compared with the sham group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transcranial magnetic stimulation can produce statistically and clinically significant antidepressant effects in patients with medication-resistant major depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, 98104-2499, USA. averydh@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Avery
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Holtzheimer
authors.forename: Walid
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Fawaz
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Neumaier
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Dunner
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Haynor
authors.forename: Keith H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Claypoole
authors.forename: Chandra
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wajdik
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Roy-Byrne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents