title: Risk factors for kidney cancer in a Japanese population: findings from the JACC Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of kidney cancer is high in Western and Northern Europe and North America, and low in Asia. Although the incidence of kidney cancer in Japan is lower than the rates in the other industrialized countries, there is no doubt that it is increasing.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the risk factors for kidney cancer death using the database of the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) Study (i.e., medical history, anthropometry, and lifestyle including dietary habits). The analytic cohort included 47,997 males and 66,520 females aged 40 years and older. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine adjusted relative risks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 36 males and 12 females died from kidney cancer during the follow-up of 9.6+/-2.6 years and 9.9+/-2.2 years, respectively. A medical history of hypertension, a fondness for fatty food, and consumption of black tea were associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer death while an intake of taro, sweet potato and potato was associated with a decreased risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study showed four factors to be related to kidney cancer death. However, further studies may be needed to evaluate risk factors for kidney cancer death in Japan because the number of kidney cancer death in the present study was small.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan. 918washi@sapmed.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Washio
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sakauchi
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ozasa
authors.forename: Kyohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Tsuneharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miki
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakao
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tamakoshi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000401:mortality; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires