title: Immunological localization of Tritonia peptide in the central and peripheral nervous system of the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa.
abstract: We report here evidence that the pedal peptides (Peps) first discovered in mollusks may be neurotransmitters with a general role in control of molluscan somatic and visceral muscles. Using Tritonia peptide (TPep) antiserum we obtained morphological evidence for such a role in Helix aspersa. We localized 1,200-1,400 small and medium-sized (5-40 microm) TPep-IR neurons in the central nervous system of Helix and demonstrated the presence of these neurons in each ganglion. Many TPep-immunoreactive (IR) neurons were motoneurons that sent axons to almost all peripheral nerves. TPep-IR fibers innervated the foot, esophagus, hermaphroditic duct, optic tentacles, salivary gland, heart, and proximal and distal aorta. In peripheral tissues TPep-IR fiber ramifications were mostly associated with muscles and with ciliated epithelia. In addition, TPep-IR fibers were in the neuropil of the ganglia, the commissures, and the connectives, and they formed axosomatic terminals in the central nervous system. TPep-IR neurons were found in the esophagus and hermaphroditic duct and as sensory receptors in the bulb of the optic tentacles. These results from Helix, and those reported elsewhere from other mollusks, suggest a general involvement of TPep-like substances in control of muscle- and ciliary-driven motor activities, including perhaps their antecedent sensory and central axosomatic integrative activity.
authors.affiliation: A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia. pavlovaru@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Galina A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pavlova
authors.forename: A O Dennis
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Willows
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006372:Helix, Snails / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D019581:Neuropil / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D017933:Peripheral Nervous System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009479:Neuropeptides; C067889:pedal peptide