title: Epidemiological assessment of mucocutaneous infections in patients with recurrent infection syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent infection syndrome (RIS) results from repeated interactions between hosts and environmental infectious agents and is considered normal (NRIS) because of its benign evolution and positive effects in the development of normal immune responses. Abnormal RIS (ARIS) is characterized by the unusually high frequency of severe infections, either as a result of anatomical or functional abnormalities or due to primary or secondary immunodeficiencies (PIDs and SIDs, respectively). Recurrent mucocutaneous infections (MCIs) can be manifestations of RIS or ARIS and could be more frequent in primary immunodeficiencies. Similarly, etiologic agents might vary from what is observed in the general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a descriptive study to determine the prevalence of aerobic bacterial and fungal mucocutaneous infections in 452 patients with recurrent infections, using clinical records to establish immunological status associated with the presence and characteristics of the infections. Microbiological analyses from mucocutaneous lesions were used to confirm the etiology.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found mucocutaneous infections in 50 patients for a total of 62 episodes (bacterial or fungal infections in 38 vs. 12 patients, respectively). Mucocutaneous infections were more frequent (21.8% vs. 9.1%; OR = 2.8) and recurrent (8.7% vs. 0.2%; P = 0.000) in primary immunodeficient patients. Furthermore, those with defects in phagocytic cells presented more mucocutaneous infections (56.2%) than patients with other primary immunodeficiencies (11.3%; OR = 10.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bacterial and fungal mucocutaneous infections are more frequent and severe in primary immunodeficient patients, particularly those with defective phagocytosis. Early and adequate assessment of the nature of mucocutaneous infections in ARIS should impact the ability of physicians to treat promptly, avoid complications and reduce the costs of medical assistance.
authors.affiliation: Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Departamento de Microbiología and Parasitología, Sección de Dermatologia, Facultad de Medicina y Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia. jcoaaa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Julio C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Orrego
authors.forename: Carlos J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Montoya
authors.forename: Rubén D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Pablo J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Patiño
authors.forename: María E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: García de O
authors.forename: Juan C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wolff
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003105:Colombia / Q000453:epidemiology; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000150:complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012874:Skin Diseases, Infectious / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D013577:Syndrome