title: Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff and pets in a small animal referral hospital in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the possible relatedness between human and animal isolates were investigated among veterinary staff and hospitalized animals in a referral small animal hospital in the UK.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 300 swab samples were taken from nasal and oral mucosae of 78 veterinary staff, 45 dogs, 12 cats and from 30 environmental surfaces. Staphylococci were isolated by selective enrichment and characterized by biochemical tests and antimicrobial disc susceptibility testing. MRSA isolates were genotypically confirmed by PCR and typed by PFGE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRSA was isolated from 14 staff (17.9%), four dogs (9%), and three environmental sites (10%) yielding a total of 28 MRSA isolates. PFGE analysis revealed that most MRSA isolates were indistinguishable (56%) or closely related (26%) to EMRSA-15, one of the two epidemic MRSA strains dominant in UK hospitals. Like EMRSA-15, the predominant strain isolated from staff, dogs and environmental sites was resistant to fluoroquinolones in addition to all beta-lactams.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides evidence of EMRSA-15 mucosal carriage in veterinary staff and hospitalized dogs, with the risk of MRSA carriage in veterinary staff being significantly higher than reported for the UK healthy community. EMRSA-15 was predominant in the hospital environment, including humans, dogs, and inanimate objects, but the mode by which the strain was introduced and spread remains uncertain.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK. aloeffler@rvc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Loeffler
authors.forename: Amanda K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Boag
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sung
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindsay
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guardabassi
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dalsgaard
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Kim B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lloyd
mesh_terms: D017750:Animal Technicians; D000818:Animals; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology; D002415:Cats; D004285:Dogs; D004783:Environmental Microbiology; D006762:Hospitals, Animal; D006801:Humans; D016106:Methicillin Resistance; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000662:veterinary*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D006113:United Kingdom; D018634:Veterinarians