Histologic retinacular changes associated with ischemia in painful patellofemoral malalignment.
Ischemic changes in 31 samples of lateral retinacula excised at surgical realignment in patients with isolated symptomatic patellofemoral malalignment resistant to conservative treatment were evaluated with conventional histology, electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology. Morphologic and ultrastructural changes associated with ischemia including hypervascularization and increased vascular endothelial growth factor release were identified in painful patellofemoral malalignment. It is hypothesized that periodic short episodes of ischemia could be implicated in the pathogenesis of anterior knee pain in most cases of isolated symptomatic patellofemoral malalignment in active young patients by triggering neural proliferation.
Sanchis-Alfonso
Vicente
V
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital Arnau de Vilanova,Valencia, Spain.
Roselló-Sastre
Esther
E
Revert
Fernando
F
García
Almudena
A
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007511:Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D046788:Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A