title: Feasibility studies of dermal delivery of paclitaxel with binary combinations of ethanol and isopropyl myristate: role of solubility, partitioning and lipid bilayer perturbation.
abstract: In the current investigation, paclitaxel (PCL) delivery into the different layers of skin, vehicle optimization and relationship between vehicle composition and the relative contribution of solubility, partition and diffusion towards drug transport has been outlined. Saturation solubility of PCL was determined in ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl myristate (IPM) and their binary combinations, and partition studies performed to study the probability of skin depot formation. Epidermal and dermal partitioning was carried from PCL saturated vehicles. Skin permeation of PCL was studied using the rat skin. FT-IR has been utilized to study the skin barrier perturbation, and the localization of PCL and isopropyl myristate (IPM) in epidermis. High K(app) value in mineral oil/buffer indicated the tendency of PCL to form a reservoir in skin, and an inverse relationship between PCL solubility in different solvent systems and partitioning into epidermis was found. Maximum K(epidermis) for PCL was observed with IPM, while PCL in EtOH/IPM (1:1) showed high partitioning into dermis. Maximum flux of PCL was observed with EtOH/IPM (1:1). For lipophilic drug like PCL modulation of vehicle seems to be effective approach to increase the permeability across the skin. With a binary combination of EtOH/IPM (1:1) higher concentration of PCL can be delivered to deeper layer of skin whereas with IPM higher concentration of PCL could be localized in the epidermis. While engineering the delivery vehicle selection of solvents should be such that one of them is miscible in both hydrophilic and lipophilic phase like ethanol and another should be lipophilic in nature (IPM in this case) so that an optimum balance between 'push-pull' and 'blending' effect can be achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, Phase X, Mohali 160062, Punjab, India. panchagnula@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panchagnula
authors.forename: Hariraghuram
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Desu
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Sateesh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khandavilli
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D020405:Dermis / Q000378:metabolism; D004058:Diffusion; D004817:Epidermis / Q000378:metabolism; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008051:Lipid Bilayers / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D009226:Myristates / Q000737:chemistry; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010539:Permeability; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012867:Skin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012869:Skin Absorption; D012995:Solubility; D012997:Solvents; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D008051:Lipid Bilayers; D009226:Myristates; D014677:Pharmaceutical Vehicles; D012997:Solvents; C008205:isopropyl myristate; D000431:Ethanol; D017239:Paclitaxel