title: Metallothionein expression in invasive and in situ breast carcinomas.
abstract: METHODS
  The primary aims of this study were to examine the expression of metallothionein (MT) in 123 primary invasive breast carcinomas and the in situ components of these carcinomas and to assess the association between MT expression and certain socio-demographic and clinico-pathologic characteristics. MT expression was assessed using immunohistochemical procedures and semi-quantified using an immunoreactivity score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Results showed that 57.7% of the invasive tumors and 43.3% of the in situ carcinomas in the study were MT-positive. Chi-squared analyses showed that MT expression was significantly higher in the tumors of women categorized as being of 'other' race and of women with tumors of high histological grade.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study suggest that MT is a biomarker of tumor differentiation and aggressiveness and that MT expression may differ by race.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA. lgallicc@jhsph.edu
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gallicchio
authors.forename: Jodi A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Flaws
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Fowler
authors.forename: Olga B
authors.initials: OB
authors.lastname: Ioffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008396:Maryland / Q000208:ethnology; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000032:analysis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D008668:Metallothionein