title: Islet transplantation outcomes in mice are better with fresh islets and exendin-4 treatment.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although islet transplantation in diabetes holds great promise, two or three donor pancreases are usually required to achieve normoglycaemia in human or rodent recipients. We investigated whether there were differences between fresh and cultured islets in terms of transplantation outcome. We also investigated the effects of normoglycaemia during engraftment and the effects of exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on islet transplantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five fresh islets were transplanted to the right kidney of diabetic mice and 425 fresh islets were transplanted to the left kidney. The mice were treated with exendin-4 or vehicle for 14 days, after which the large graft was removed by left nephrectomy. In a separate set of experiments, islets cultured in the presence or absence of exendin-4 for 72 h, or fresh islets, were transplanted to diabetic mice. In both sets of experiments, blood glucose levels were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with cultured islets, fresh islets were more effective at reversing hyperglycaemia in mice. The treatment of the recipient mice with exendin-4 did not have beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis. However, when islets are cultured, exendin-4 treatment increases the rate of reversal of hyperglycaemia, but not to the degree of fresh islets.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fresh islets are more effective than cultured islets at reversing hyperglycaemia. Exendin-4 has beneficial effects on islet transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lock
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bonner-Weir
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Weir
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000601:surgery*; D000077270:Exenatide; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009392:Nephrectomy; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014688:Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D010455:Peptides; D014688:Venoms; D004247:DNA; D000077270:Exenatide