title: Synergistic activation of the murine gastrin promoter by oncogenic Ras and beta-catenin involves SMAD recruitment.
abstract: While Wnt and Ras signaling pathways are activated during progression of colorectal cancers, many of their important downstream targets remain to be elucidated. The gastrin gene encodes for a family of peptide growth factors that are commonly upregulated in colorectal neoplasia. Previously, we showed that the Wnt signaling pathway moderately stimulates the gastrin promoter. To determine whether Ras signaling can cooperate with Wnt signaling in transcriptional regulation of gastrin gene expression, we have analyzed the response of murine gastrin promoter-reporter gene constructs to combinations of oncogenic stimulation in transient transfection assays. We found a strong (25- to 40-fold) synergistic stimulation of the gastrin promoter by the combination of oncogenic beta-catenin and K-ras overexpression. Deletion analysis localized the response element to an area between -140 and -110bp upstream in the murine gastrin promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays detected a complex containing beta-catenin/TCF, AP1, and SMAD3/4 transcription factors that bound to a DNA element through AP1 and SMAD binding sites. Gastrin promoter activation could be further enhanced or suppressed by the co-expression of wild type SMAD4 or dominant negative mutant of SMAD4, respectively, and abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor, LY20004, but not by the MEK inhibitor, PD98059. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that oncogenic Wnt and Ras signaling pathways can synergistically induce gastrin expression, possibly contributing to neoplastic progression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Abhijit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chakladar
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubeykovskiy
authors.forename: Lindsay J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Wojtukiewicz
authors.forename: Jitesh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pratap
authors.forename: Shi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lei
authors.forename: Timothy C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005755:Gastrins / Q000235:genetics*; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras) / Q000502:physiology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin
chemical_list: C495270:CTNNB1 protein, human; C495267:CTNNB1 protein, mouse; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005755:Gastrins; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D051785:Smad Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D051153:Wnt Proteins; D051176:beta Catenin; D008156:Luciferases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D015689:Oncogene Protein p21(ras)