title: Determination of the sedimentation constants for total suspended solids and the algal component in a full-scale primary facultative pond operating at high wind velocities under tropical conditions.
abstract: This study evaluated the amount, distribution and sedimentation constant of solids in a full-scale primary facultative pond operating mostly under high wind conditions and the contribution made by the algal biomass. Solids deposition rates were measured using sedimentation traps placed in the inlet and outlet zones of the pond. Most sludge accumulation occurred, not surprisingly, in the inlet zone A1 with a sludge volume of 9072.m3 accumulating over an operating time of approximately 3 years. However, sludge deposition within this zone was uneven and affected by wind action. Mean proportionality constant (K) values for solids sedimentation were 3.02 and 5.70 for depths of 50 cm and 100 cm respectively for A1. In contrast in zone A3, (the outlet zone), reduced K values of 1.38 and 3.22 were obtained for depths of 50 cm and 100 cm respectively. The algal sedimentation constant varied from 0.8 d(-1) in zone A1 to 0.02 d(-1) in A3. These data suggest that in this large facultative pond the wind, blowing predominantly from the direction of the outlets towards the pond inlets, had a greater influence on solids deposition than the bulk hydraulic flow and also kept the pond completely mixed for most of the time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. libertalamar@eq.ufrn.br
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Saraiva
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Ribeiro Meneses
authors.forename: H N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: de Souza Melo
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Calado Araújo
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pearson
mesh_terms: D018533:Biomass; D002734:Chlorophyll / Q000378:metabolism; D000077194:Chlorophyll A; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000378:metabolism*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology*; D014329:Tropical Climate; D014461:Ultracentrifugation / Q000379:methods*; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D012722:Sewage; D002734:Chlorophyll; D010100:Oxygen; D000077194:Chlorophyll A