title: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, synchronous small cell carcinoma and squamous neoplasia of the urinary bladder in a paraplegic man following long-term phenoxybenzamine therapy.
abstract: METHODS
  A case report.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To raise awareness among spinal cord clinicians of the possible carcinogenic effect of phenoxybenzamine and of the rare occurrence of small cell carcinoma in the neuropathic bladder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Regional Spinal Injuries Centre and District General Hospital, Southport, Merseyside, United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old man sustained a fracture dislocation of L-1 with consequent paraplegia (ASIA impairment scale A). Phenoxybenzamine treatment enabled his indwelling catheter to be discarded in favour of a penile sheath, but it caused unacceptable dizziness and was stopped after 7 years. After 20 years, he developed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, which was treated with chlorambucil and fludarabine. After 2 years, investigation of bilateral hydronephrosis revealed a primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder with coexistent squamous dysplasia. Uraemia supervened and, declining active treatment, the patient died 3 weeks after diagnosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phenoxybenzamine, a known carcinogen in rodents, is likely also to be carcinogenic in humans, and patients with spinal cord injury who have received the drug for any significant period of time, need close follow-up to allow early detection of cancer. Phenoxybenzamine should not be prescribed on a long-term basis, and should instead be replaced with a selective alpha-blocker.
authors.affiliation: Regional Spinal Injuries Centre, District General Hospital, Southport, Merseyside, UK.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vaidyanathan
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Soni
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Singh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019002:CD56 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D010264:Paraplegia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013995:Time; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D019002:CD56 Antigen; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D010643:Phenoxybenzamine; D017493:Leukocyte Common Antigens