title: Effect of human milk fortifiers on bacterial growth in human milk.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As a component in human milk fortifiers (HMF), iron may equilibrate with human milk for as long as 24 hours, bind important bacteriostatic proteins, and potentially affect the host defense properties of human milk.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared bacterial growth in human milk prepared with each of two HMF differing in their content of iron.
  
  
  METHODS
  Samples of human milk obtained from mothers of premature infants were divided and mixed with one of two HMF and maintained at refrigerator temperature. Refrigerated milk samples were removed at 0, 24, and 72 hours for determination of total bacterial colony counts (TBCC).
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBCC did not differ between groups but declined from 0 to 72 hours, p<0.001.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that differences in iron content, or other nutrients in HMF, do not affect bacterial growth in human milk. Storage of fortified human milk at refrigerator temperature for 72 hours results in decreased bacterial growth. As a component in human milk fortifiers (HMF), iron may equilibrate with human milk for as long as 24 hours, bind important bacteriostatic proteins, and potentially affect the host defense properties of human milk. We compared bacterial growth in human milk prepared with each of two HMF differing in their content of iron. Samples of human milk obtained from mothers of premature infants were divided and mixed with one of two HMF and maintained at refrigerator temperature. Refrigerated milk samples were removed at 0, 24, and 72 hours for determination of total bacterial colony counts (TBCC).
authors.affiliation: Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Schneider Children's Hospital at North Shore, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
authors.forename: Myla S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: Champa N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Codipilly
authors.forename: Debra C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Potak
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Schanler
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development*; D005260:Female; D005527:Food, Fortified / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007501:Iron