title: Effect of propolis in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis in rabbits.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of an ethanolic extract of propolis, a natural resin produced by honeybees, and to determine synergistic activity between ciprofloxacin and propolis in the treatment of experimental Staphylococcus aureus keratitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen young New Zealand white rabbits were given intrastromal injections of S. aureus strains. Twenty-four hours later, the rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: group 1 was treated with topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops along with the ethanolic extract of propolis drops; group 2 received topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops; group 3 was administered the ethanolic extract of propolis drops, and group 4, the control group, was treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) drops. Drugs were instilled 8 times/day for 72 h. Twenty-four and 96 h after inoculation of bacteria, the eyes were examined by slit lamp to assess corneal opacity. Corneas were removed to count bacteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Slit lamp examination showed that the corneal opacity scores were significantly lower in eyes that received propolis plus ciprofloxacin than in those treated with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.041) or propolis (p = 0.006) or control eyes treated with PBS (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in eyes treated with ciprofloxacin and propolis (p = 1.00). There were significantly fewer bacteria in eyes that received propolis plus ciprofloxacin than in those treated with ciprofloxacin (p = 0.0001) or propolis (p = 0.0001) or control eyes treated with PBS (p = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in eyes treated with ciprofloxacin and propolis (p = 0.38).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Taking these findings into consideration, we suggest that the ethanolic extract of propolis has antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties for S. aureus keratitis. The combination of ciprofloxacin and propolis had better therapeutic effects than either agent alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey. huseyinoksuz1@yahoo.com
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oksuz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cetin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Silici
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003320:Corneal Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015818:Eye Infections, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D011429:Propolis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D011429:Propolis