title: Evaluation of defense mechanisms in adult patients with panic disorder: before and after treatment.
abstract: Patients with acute panic disorder (PD) use a more maladaptive pattern of defense mechanisms. This study investigated the use of defense mechanisms by patients with acute symptomatic PD and those in complete remission. Thirty-three patients and 33 controls were evaluated by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The defense mechanisms were evaluated by the Defense Style Questionnaire at the beginning of the study and after 16 weeks of sertraline treatment. Panic disordered patients used more neurotic (4.6 vs. 3.6; p = 0.003) and immature (3.6 vs. 3.0; p = 0.024) defenses at baseline. Patients who achieved complete remission (N=25) differed from the control group in the use of neurotic defenses at the baseline (4.4 vs. 3.6; p = 0.033). After treatment, they showed a reduction in the use of neurotic (4.4 vs. 3.7; p=0.014) and immature (3.4 vs. 3.1; p = 0.019) defenses. Defense mechanisms in PD are influenced by the presence of symptoms, severity, and outcome of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Post-Graduate Program in Medical Science, Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kipper
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Blaya
authors.forename: Betina
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Teruchkin
authors.forename: Elizeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heldt
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Isolan
authors.forename: Kelin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mezzomo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bond
authors.forename: Gisele Gus
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Manfro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D016584:Panic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020280:Sertraline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017367:Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; D020280:Sertraline