title: Perindopril-based blood pressure-lowering reduces major vascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation and prior stroke or transient ischemic attack.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients with atrial fibrillation have a high risk of stroke and other vascular events even if anticoagulated. The primary objective here is to determine whether routine blood pressure-lowering provides additional protection for this high-risk patient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a subsidiary analysis of the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS)--a randomized, placebo-controlled trial that established the beneficial effects of blood pressure--lowering in a heterogeneous group of patients with cerebrovascular disease. A total of 6105 patients were randomly assigned to either active treatment (2 to 4 mg perindopril for all participants plus 2.0 to 2.5 mg indapamide for those without an indication for or a contraindication to a diuretic) or matching placebo(s). Outcomes are total major vascular events, cause-specific vascular outcomes, and death from any cause.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 476 patients with atrial fibrillation at baseline, of whom 51% were taking anticoagulants. In these patients, active treatment lowered mean blood pressure by 7.3/3.4 mm Hg and was associated with a 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 59) reduction in major vascular events and 34% (95% CI, -13 to 61) reduction in stroke. The benefits of blood pressure-lowering in patients with atrial fibrillation were achieved irrespective of the use of anticoagulant therapy (P homogeneity=0.8) or the presence of hypertension (P homogeneity=0.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For most patients with atrial fibrillation, routine blood pressure-lowering is likely to provide protection against major vascular events additional to that conferred by anticoagulation.
authors.affiliation: George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: Hisatomi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arima
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chalmers
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rodgers
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Woodward
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: MacMahon
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Neal
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*; D007190:Indapamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020913:Perindopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010919:Placebos; D012306:Risk; D020521:Stroke / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000925:Anticoagulants; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D010919:Placebos; D007190:Indapamide; D020913:Perindopril