title: Cognitive discernible factors between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Schizophrenia (SZ) and schizoaffective disorders (SA) are associated with cognitive deficits. Generally, a schizoaffective diagnosis is associated with better prognosis on the level of social integration. It is also well established that cognition is an important factor for good social outcome in schizophrenia. We hypothesized that, although patients suffering from SA share symptoms with SZ, they can be differentiated on the basis of neurocognitive function and that SA perform better in several domains.
  
  
  METHODS
  Performances of two groups SA (N = 13) and SZ (N = 44) were compared on several visual-motor tasks using CANTAB [Motor Screening (MOT), Reaction Time (RTI), Paired Associates Learning Task (PAL), and Stockings of Cambridge items (SOC)]. The two groups were matched for symptom severity. ANOVA with repeated measures was employed to determine whether any difference in cognitive scores during a 2-year period was significantly related to the diagnostic status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant and durable difference was observed between SZ and SA on motor screening and explicit memory tests where SA performed better.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neurocognitive tests may be relevant for distinguishing schizoaffective from schizophrenia, chiefly via tests tapping into visuo-spatial and visuo-motor coordination abilities (e.g., paired associated learning and motor screening).
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Centre de Recherche Fernand-Seguin, Hôspital Louis-H. Lafontaine, Université de Montréal, Que., Canada. emmanuel.stip@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stip
authors.forename: Amir Ali
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Sepehry
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prouteau
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Briand
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nicole
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lalonde
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lesage
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016002:Discriminant Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011340:Problem Solving; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index