title: Cholesterol conjugated oligonucleotide and LNA: a comparison of cellular and nuclear uptake by Hep2 cells enhanced by streptolysin-O.
abstract: Antisense and antigene oligonucleotides (ONs) are attractive drugs for gene therapy, but major limiting factors for their routine use are inefficient cellular uptake and low accessibility to the target sites. Adding various lipophilic conjugates to the ON improves intracellular delivery as has been previously reported. We studied the cellular delivery of various ON modifications, as well as their cytosolic and nuclear distribution in mammalian Hep2-EGFP-NLS cell line. We compared uptake efficacy of ON and LNA, both conjugated with cholesterol at the 5' end. All ONs were 3' labeled with fluorescent Cy 5 dye. We made a comparison of the ONs uptake efficacy and the kinetics, both adding ONs to the culture medium, and using streptolysin-O (SL-O) permeabilization. The cellular uptake of each ON used in this study was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. We confirmed the results by FACS analysis. We determined the ratio between initial ON-chol concentration (0.4 microM) and the final amount in nucleus.SL-O can highly improve kinetics of ON delivery; not only into the cytoplasm but also to the nucleus, the presumed site of antigene ON action. The most effective nuclear uptake was observed when ON conjugated with cholesterol (ON-chol) and SL-O was used. Nuclear distribution of ON was reached within few minutes. In contrast, ON simply added to the medium reached cytoplasm only and the process of delivery took several hours.
authors.affiliation: GENERI BIOTECH s.r.o., Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. sarka.holasova@generi-biotech.com
authors.forename: Sárka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Holasová
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mojzísek
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buncek
authors.forename: Doris
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vokurková
authors.forename: Hana
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Radilová
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Safárová
authors.forename: Miroslav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cervinka
authors.forename: Radovan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Haluza
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D013301:Streptolysins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D013301:Streptolysins; C477371:locked nucleic acid; C025964:streptolysin O; D002784:Cholesterol