title: Measurement of sunscreen immune protection factors in humans: a consensus paper.
abstract: It is increasingly accepted that sunscreens should protect against ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced immunosuppression, with an index of protection that can be compared with the sun protection factor (SPF). Five groups of immunoprotection researchers met to discuss the status of immune protection factor (IPF) evaluation in human skin in vivo. Current methods rely on a suncreen's inhibition of UVR-induced local suppression of the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response or the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, using either the induction or the elicitation arms of these responses. The induction arm of the CHS response has the advantage of being sensitive to a single sub-erythemal exposure of solar-simulating radiation (SSR) that allows a direct comparison with the SPF. This approach, which necessitates sensitization, requires a large number of volunteers and is too labor intensive and time consuming to become a routine method. The elicitation arm of the CHS or DTH responses exploits prior sensitization to contact or recall antigens and has the advantage of being possible to apply on small groups of volunteers. Some current protocols, however, require repeat SSR exposures, which invalidates a direct comparison with SPF that is based on a single exposure. There is a need for a new simpler method of IPF that will have to be validated against existing models.
authors.affiliation: L'Oréal Recherche, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: Anny
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fourtanier
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Moyal
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maccario
authors.forename: Delphine
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Compan
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Quehenberger
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Elma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: Terrence
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seed
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Antony R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Young
mesh_terms: D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000032:analysis; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D013472:Sunlight; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D007155:Immunologic Factors; D013473:Sunscreening Agents