title: Long-term weight change and breast cancer risk: the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC).
abstract: We examined prospectively the association between weight change during adulthood and breast cancer risk, using data on 1358 incident cases that developed during 5.8 years of follow-up among 40,429 premenopausal and 57,923 postmenopausal women from six European countries, taking part in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios according to weight change (kg), defined as the weight difference between age at enrollment and age 20 adjusted for other risk factors. Changes in weight were not associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk. In postmenopausal women, weight gain was positively associated with breast cancer risk only among noncurrent hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users (P-trend < or = 0.0002). Compared to women with a stable weight (+/-2 kg), the relative risk for women who gained 15-20 kg was 1.50 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.13). The pooled RR per weight gain increment of 5 kg was 1.08 (95% CI 1.04-1.12). Weight gain was not associated with breast cancer risk in current HRT users, although, overall, these women experienced a much higher risk of breast cancer compared with nonusers. Our findings suggest that large adult weight gain was a significant predictor of breast cancer in postmenopausal women not taking exogenous hormones.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal 14558, Germany. Lahmann@mail.dife.de
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lahmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Khaw
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Berrino
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lagiou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009752:Nutritional Status; D017698:Postmenopause; D017697:Premenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D015430:Weight Gain