title: A phase I trial of liposomal doxorubicin, paclitaxel and valspodar (PSC-833), an inhibitor of multidrug resistance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to determine (i) the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) and paclitaxel (DP), (ii) the MTD of DP plus valspodar (DPV) and (iii) pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions of valspodar with L-DOX and paclitaxel.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with metastatic cancers received DP, followed 4 weeks later by DPV. Dose levels of DP were (mg/m2 for L-DOX/paclitaxel): 30/135 (n = 7), 30/150 (n = 4), 35/150 (n = 8) and 40/150 (n = 4). Dose levels of DPV were 15/70 (n = 10) and 15/60 (n = 10). Serial, paired PK studies were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The MTD of DP was 40/150. For DPV at 15/70, five of 10 patients experienced grade 4 neutropenia. In the next cohort, a reduced dose of 15/60 was well tolerated. Valspodar produced reversible grade 3 ataxia in seven patients, requiring dose reduction from 5 to 4 mg/kg. Paired PK studies indicated no interaction between L-DOX and valspodar, and a 49% increase in the median half-life of paclitaxel. Two partial and one minor remissions were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of valspodar necessitated dose reductions of DP, with neutropenia being dose limiting. Valspodar PK interactions were observed with paclitaxel but not L-DOX.
authors.affiliation: Oncology Division, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5151, USA.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Advani
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Halsey
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Chin
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: B I
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Sikic
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004347:Drug Interactions; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D003524:Cyclosporins; D008081:Liposomes; D004317:Doxorubicin; D017239:Paclitaxel; C070272:valspodar