title: Nephrolithiasis in children.
abstract: A metabolic etiology is the most common cause for pediatric kidney stones. Appropriate evaluation of affected children should include assessment of stone type, if available, and assessment of predisposing factors in all cases. This review discusses the metabolic disorders that lead to nephrolithiasis with respect to the development of calcium, uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones. Environmental and hereditary factors are summarized to provide a guide in the evaluation of pediatric stone formers.
authors.affiliation: Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-8885, USA. Maryann.Cameron@UTSouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Khashayar
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakhaee
authors.forename: Orson W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Moe
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D003553:Cystine / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D017616:Magnesium Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis; D000069877:Struvite; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D017616:Magnesium Compounds; D010710:Phosphates; D014527:Uric Acid; D003553:Cystine; D000069877:Struvite; D002118:Calcium