title: The care provided by general practitioners for persistent depression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the care provided by general practitioners (GPs) for persistent depressive illness and its relationship to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Primary Health Care Version (CIDI-PHC) a sample of 264 patients with ICD-10 depression was identified among consecutive primary care patients in the Netherlands. At 1-year follow-up 78 of these patients (30%) still fulfilled the criteria of an ICD-10 depression and were considered persistent cases. At baseline and follow-up the GPs specified their diagnosis and treatment. The extent of recognition as a mental health problem, accuracy of diagnosis as a depression and treatment in accordance with clinical guidelines for depression was examined. In addition it was examined whether these steps in adequate GP care for persistent depression were related to patient, illness and consultation characteristics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty percent of the persistent depression cases were not recognized at baseline or during follow-up, 28% was recognized but not accurately diagnosed, 17% was accurately diagnosed, but did not receive adequate treatment and 35% was treated adequately. Recognition was associated with psychological reason for encounter; accurate diagnosis with absence of activity limitation days; and adequate treatment with severity of depression and higher educational level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Non-recognition, misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment are not limited to patients with a relatively mild and brief depression but are also prominent in patients with a persistent depression, who consulted their GP 8.2 times on average during the year their depression persisted.
authors.affiliation: Mental Health Care Friesland, Leenwarden The Netherlands. t.w.d.p.van.os@med.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Titus W D P
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Van Os
authors.forename: Rob H S
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Van den Brink
authors.forename: Klaas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Van der Meer
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ormel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008297:Male; D005791:Patient Care / Q000592:standards; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000592:standards; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires