title: Implementations of translational medicine.
abstract: New developments in science are rapidly influencing and shaping basic and clinical research and medicine. This has led to the emergence of multiple opportunities and challenges on many levels in the bio-medical and other associated fields. To face these opportunities and challenges, new concepts and strategies are needed. These can be provided by translational research/medicine as an integrative concept based on a multidirectional understanding of research and medicine embedded in a socio-economical environment. Although the implementation of translational research/medicine faces many obstacles, some of its goals have already been part of new programs in local institutions and in medical or scientific societies. These implementations are important in creating a unified national and international system of translational research/medicine.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Center for Neuroregeneration Research, MRC 102, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. kai.sonntag@mclean.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Kai-Christian
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Sonntag