title: Effects of the dopaminergic agent and NMDA receptor antagonist amantadine on cognitive function, cerebral glucose metabolism and D2 receptor availability in chronic traumatic brain injury: a study using positron emission tomography (PET).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was performed to assess effects of amantadine (AMH), a dopaminergic agent and NMDA antagonist, on chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI). The primary hypotheses were that amantadine treatment would result in executive function improvement and increased activity in pre-frontal cortex.
  
  
  METHODS
  An open-label design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-two subjects underwent neuropsychological testing pre- and post-12 week treatment. Six subjects also underwent PET scanning.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amantadine 400 mg was administered per day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant improvements on tests of executive function were observed with treatment. Analysis of PET data demonstrated a significant increase in left pre-frontal cortex glucose metabolism. There was a significant positive correlation between executive domain scores and left pre-frontal glucose metabolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first known study to assess amantadine in chronic TBI using PET and the data are consistent with the hypotheses. The conduction of further studies is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Center for Cognitive Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood Street, Suite 235 (MC 913), Chicago, IL 60612, USA. mkraus@psych.uic.edu
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Butters
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Donnell
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yilong
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marion
mesh_terms: D000547:Amantadine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D020208:Brain Injury, Chronic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015259:Dopamine Agents; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D000547:Amantadine; D005947:Glucose