title: Immune responses to bovine norovirus-like particles with various adjuvants and analysis of protection in gnotobiotic calves.
abstract: We evaluated serum and fecal antibody responses to bovine norovirus (BoNoV) virus-like particles (VLP) and protection against virulent BoNoV in gnotobiotic calves. Calves were vaccinated with two or three doses of VLPs (250 microg/dose) coadministered with oil, mutant E. coli heat-labile toxin (R192G) (mLT) or immunostimulating complexes (ISCOM). Fecal IgA antibody was detected only in calves vaccinated intranasally with VLP+mLT and after challenge, partial protection with delayed, shortened diarrhea (1-2 days) was observed only in these calves. Diarrhea presented from 2 to 6 days in calves vaccinated with VLP with oil or ISCOM and 8 to 9 days in controls. Virus shedding was detected post-challenge by ELISA in all vaccinated calves. All calves recovered from BoNoV infection had high titers of fecal IgA antibodies and were completed protection against challenge. We conclude that only BoNoV VLP+mLT given intranasally stimulated both serum and fecal IgA antibodies and partial protection.
authors.affiliation: Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH 44691-4096, USA.
authors.forename: Myung Guk
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: Marli
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Saif
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002417:Cattle; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000276:immunology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry / Q000821:virology; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood / Q000737:chemistry; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D029322:Norovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004731:Endotoxins; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014765:Viral Vaccines