title: XIAP overexpression in human islets prevents early posttransplant apoptosis and reduces the islet mass needed to treat diabetes.
abstract: The Edmonton Protocol for treatment of type 1 diabetes requires islets from two or more donors to achieve euglycemia in a single recipient, primarily because soon after portal infusion, the majority of the transplanted cells undergo apoptosis due to hypoxia and hypoxia reperfusion injury. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is a potent endogenous inhibitor of apoptosis that is capable of blocking the activation of multiple downstream caspases, and XIAP overexpression has previously been shown to enhance engraftment of a murine beta-cell line. In this study, human islets transduced with a XIAP-expressing recombinant adenovirus were resistant to apoptosis and functionally recovered following in vitro stresses of hypoxia and hypoxia with reoxygenation (models reperfusion injury). Furthermore Ad-XIAP transduction dramatically reduced the number of human islets required to reverse hyperglycemia in chemically diabetic immunodeficient mice. These results suggest that by transiently overexpressing XIAP in the immediate posttransplant period, human islets from a single donor might be used to effectively treat two diabetic recipients.
authors.affiliation: 1-21 Medical Sciences Building, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada. john.elliott@ualberta.ca
authors.forename: Juliet A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Emamaullee
authors.forename: Ray V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Rajotte
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Liston
authors.forename: Robert G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Korneluk
authors.forename: Jonathan R T
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lakey
authors.forename: A M James
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000502:physiology*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D010100:Oxygen; D013997:Time Factors; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001616:beta-Galactosidase; D010100:Oxygen