title: Increased incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants born to HIV-positive mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine if being born to an HIV-positive mother may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Neonatal unit of a level 3 perinatal centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  : Over a period of 8.5 years, all cases of necrotizing enterocolitis occurring in premature infants admitted to the neonatal unit were identified. For each case, two controls were retrospectively chosen that matched for postmenstrual age at birth, intrauterine growth and year of birth. Perinatal characteristics were studied in all infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 79 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis, which were compared with 158 controls. Using multivariate analysis, multiple pregnancy [odds ratio (OR), 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.23-4.25; P = 0.009], abnormal umbilical artery velocity (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.08-4.54; P = 0.030), abnormal fetal heart rate (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.05-4.36; P = 0.036) and HIV-positive mother (OR, 6.63; 95% CI, 1.26-34.8; P = 0.025) were significantly more frequent in fetuses who subsequently developed necrotizing enterocolitis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This preliminary report suggests an association, not previously reported, between maternal HIV-positive status and an increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. Despite the limitations of this study, we suggest that premature newborn infants of HIV-positive mothers should be monitored very carefully for a possible increased risk of necrotizing enterocolitis.
authors.affiliation: Service de médecine Néonatale de Port-Royal, 123 Boulevard de port Royal, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Desfrere
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Oliveira
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goffinet
authors.forename: Mayass
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: El Ayoubi
authors.forename: Ghislaine
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Firtion
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bavoux
authors.forename: Pierre-Henri
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Jarreau
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Moriette
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D020345:Enterocolitis, Necrotizing / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D008297:Male; D010297:Paris / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors