Inhibition of apoptosis-inducing factor translocation is involved in protective effects of hepatocyte growth factor against excitotoxic cell death in cultured hippocampal neurons.
Although hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor are expressed in various regions of the brain, their effects and mechanism of action under pathological conditions remain to be determined. Over-activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, an ionotropic glutamate receptor, has been implicated in a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. We investigated the effects of HGF on the NMDA-induced cell death in cultured hippocampal neurons and sought to explore their mechanisms. NMDA-induced cell death and increase in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were prevented by HGF treatment. Although neither the total amounts nor the mitochondrial localization of Bax, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were affected, caspase 3 activity was increased after NMDA exposure. Treatment with HGF partially prevented this NMDA-induced activation of caspase 3. Although the amount of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) was not altered, translocation of AIF into the nucleus was detected after NMDA exposure. This NMDA-induced AIF translocation was reduced by treatment with HGF. In addition, increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymer formation after NMDA exposure was attenuated by treatment with HGF. These results suggest that the protective effects of HGF against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity are mediated via the partial prevention of caspase 3 activity and the inhibition of AIF translocation to the nucleus.
Ishihara
Naoko
N
Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
Takagi
Norio
N
Niimura
Makiko
M
Takagi
Keiko
K
Nakano
Midori
M
Tanonaka
Kouichi
K
Funakoshi
Hiroshi
H
Matsumoto
Kunio
K
Nakamura
Toshikazu
T
Takeo
Satoshi
S
D000818:Animals; D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D047468:Immunoprecipitation / Q000379:methods; D016202:N-Methylaspartate / Q000494:pharmacology; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000378:metabolism; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism; D011247:Pregnancy; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013997:Time Factors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
D051033:Apoptosis Inducing Factor; D009498:Neurotoxins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051020:bcl-X Protein; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor; D019859:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505410:Casp3 protein, rat; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase