title: Effect of sodium [36Cl]chlorate dose on total radioactive residues and residues of parent chlorate in beef cattle.
abstract: The objectives of this study were to determine total radioactive residues and chlorate residues in edible tissues of cattle administered at three levels of sodium [36Cl]chlorate over a 24-h period and slaughtered after a 24-h withdrawal period. Three sets of cattle, each consisting of a heifer and a steer, were intraruminally dosed with a total of 21, 42, or 63 mg of sodium [36Cl]chlorate/kg of body weight. To simulate a 24-h exposure, equal aliquots of the respective doses were administered to each animal at 0, 8, 16, and 24 h. Urine and feces were collected in 12-h increments for the duration of the 48-h study. At 24 h after the last chlorate exposure, cattle were slaughtered and edible tissues were collected. Urine and tissue samples were analyzed for total radioactive residues and for metabolites. Elimination of radioactivity in urine and feces equaled 20, 33, and 48% of the total dose for the low, medium, and high doses, respectively. Chlorate and chloride were the only radioactive chlorine species present in urine; the fraction of chlorate present as a percentage of the total urine radioactivity decreased with time regardless of the dose. Chloride was the major radioactive residue present in edible tissues, comprising over 98% of the tissue radioactivity for all animals. Chlorate concentrations in edible tissues ranged from nondetectable to an average of 0.41 ppm in skeletal muscle of the high-dosed animals. No evidence for the presence of chlorite was observed in any tissue. Results of this study suggest that further development of chlorate as a preharvest food safety tool merits consideration.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, North Dakota 58105-5674, USA. smithd@fargo.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Oliver
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Caton
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002704:Chlorates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D002713:Chlorine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006540:Herbicides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000032:analysis*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D002704:Chlorates; D006540:Herbicides; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D011868:Radioisotopes; D002713:Chlorine; C032706:sodium chlorate