title: Protection against oxidative stress in diabetic rats: role of angiotensin AT(1) receptor and beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonism.
abstract: Oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation are hallmarks of diabetes mellitus. We explored protective, blood pressure-independent effects of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor antagonist candesartan and the selective beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist metoprolol. Diabetes mellitus was induced in 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats after injection of streptozotocin. Diabetic rats were randomized to treatment with candesartan or metoprolol in sub-antihypertensive doses or to placebo treatment. In the quadriceps, musculature markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were determined. Function of the inherent vascular bed was measured in vivo in the autoperfused hindlimb. Increases in NAD(P)H activity, expression of its cytosolic subunit p22(phox) and of endothelial NO synthase e(NOS) displayed enhanced oxidative stress. Upregulated intercellular (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and of inducible NOS (iNOS) revealed inflammatory processes. Diabetes was associated with severe impairment of endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilatation. Candesartan, but not metoprolol, reduced NAD(P)H activity, attenuated diabetes-induced over-expression of p22(phox) and eNOS mRNA as well as ICAM-1, VCAM-1, iNOS and eNOS immunoreactivity and led to a substantial improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (+46.3% vs. placebo treatment; P<0.05). Angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonism, but not beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonism, ameliorates diabetes-generated oxidative stress, indicating a pivotal role of the renin-angiotensin system in the development of diabetic complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pneumonology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorenkamp
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Riad
authors.forename: Sebastian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stiehl
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Spillmann
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Westermann
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pauschinger
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Noutsias
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Adams
authors.forename: Heinz-Peter
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schultheiss
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tschöpe
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013777:Tetrazoles; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C086986:CYBA protein, human; D008790:Metoprolol; C081643:candesartan