title: Nox4 NAD(P)H oxidase mediates hypertrophy and fibronectin expression in the diabetic kidney.
abstract: Renal hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation are early features of diabetic nephropathy. We investigated the role of the NAD(P)H oxidase Nox4 in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypertrophy, and fibronectin expression in a rat model of type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin. Phosphorothioated antisense (AS) or sense oligonucleotides for Nox4 were administered for 2 weeks with an osmotic minipump 72 h after streptozotocin treatment. Nox4 protein expression was increased in diabetic kidney cortex compared with non-diabetic controls and was down-regulated in AS-treated animals. AS oligonucleotides inhibited NADPH-dependent ROS generation in renal cortical and glomerular homogenates. ROS generation by intact isolated glomeruli from diabetic animals was increased compared with glomeruli isolated from AS-treated animals. AS treatment reduced whole kidney and glomerular hypertrophy. Moreover, the increased expression of fibronectin protein was markedly reduced in renal cortex including glomeruli of AS-treated diabetic rats. Akt/protein kinase B and ERK1/2, two protein kinases critical for cell growth and hypertrophy, were activated in diabetes, and AS treatment almost abolished their activation. In cultured mesangial cells, high glucose increased NADPH oxidase activity and fibronectin expression, effects that were prevented in cells transfected with AS oligonucleotides. These data establish a role for Nox4 as the major source of ROS in the kidneys during early stages of diabetes and establish that Nox4-derived ROS mediate renal hypertrophy and increased fibronectin expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. gorin@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gorin
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Basant
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bhandari
authors.forename: Brent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Hanna E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Abboud
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System; D008297:Male; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D020319:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000074663:NADPH Oxidase 4; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; C498911:Nox4 protein, rat