title: Early predictors of mortality in pneumococcal bacteraemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteraemia is associated with significant mortality rates worldwide. The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for predicting mortality in patients with S. pneumoniae bacteraemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was carried out in a university-affiliated acute tertiary care hospital in Singapore. Thirty-eight patients with blood cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae over a 2-year period from January 2000 to December 2001 were recruited for the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The records of patients admitted to hospital with blood cultures positive for S. pneumoniae between January 2000 and December 2001 were reviewed. Thirty-eight patients were found positive for S. pneumonia; this included 31 men (81.6%) and 7 women (18.4%) between the ages of 14 years and 90 years. Of this, 7 patients (18.4%) required admission to the intensive care unit, 5 of whom required mechanical ventilation. The factors that predicted mortality were the presence of septic shock (P <0.005), leukopenia or leukocytosis (P <0.005), the presence of an underlying malignancy (P = 0.008), anaemia (P = 0.025) and the presence of a high anion gap (P = 0.047) on admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Of all the risk factors observed, those that predicted mortality in patients on initial presentation of S. pneumoniae bacteraemia were the presence of septic shock, leukopenia or leukocytosis, anaemia, a raised anion gap and the presence of an underlying malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. imran_mohamed_noor@cgh.com.sg
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Imran
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kurup
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eng
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D002423:Cause of Death; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016638:Critical Illness; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012846:Singapore / Q000453:epidemiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents