title: Inhibition of in-stent restenosis in rabbit iliac arteries with photodynamic therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Photodynamic therapy (PDT, the combination of light with a photosensitising drug in the presence of oxygen) inhibits restenosis after angioplasty without stenting. This study assesses the potential of PDT for prevention of in-stent re-stenosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Normal rabbits were given the photosensitising agent 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) 60 mg/kg, 3 h prior to endovascular illumination of the iliac artery (635 nm at 50 J/cm(2)) either immediately before or after deployment of an oversized (3 mm diameter) stent. PDT treated arteries were retrieved 3 or 28 days later and assessed for cell counts and vascular morphometry. Control arteries (stent but no PDT) were examined at 28 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no adverse events and all vessels were patent at the end of the study. At 3 days there was almost complete medial cell ablation when light was delivered before stent deployment (17+/-1 cells/hpf), with little effect when illumination followed stent deployment (184+/-17 cells/hpf, p<0.0001). Twenty-eight days after PDT, the neointimal areas were 1.41+/-0.52 mm(2) (stent with no PDT), 1.24+/-0.54 mm(2) (light after stent) and 0.60+/-0.21 mm(2) (light before stent) (p=0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PDT before stent deployment caused almost complete medial cell ablation at 3 days with inhibition of in-stent restenosis at 28 days. PDT is worthy of further study as an adjuvant to percutaneous intervention in patients with vascular disease.
authors.affiliation: The Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jamal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mosse
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bown
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McEwan
mesh_terms: D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D006083:Graft Occlusion, Vascular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D007083:Iliac Artery; D007269:Injections, Intra-Arterial; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D010778:Photochemotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D011817:Rabbits; D015607:Stents; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; D000622:Aminolevulinic Acid