title: cDNA microarray analysis reveals novel candidate genes expressed in human peripheral blood following exhaustive exercise.
abstract: It is generally accepted that exhausting endurance exercise exhibits strong effects on the immune system. Such effects have been attributed to changes in the cellular composition of peripheral blood as well as to changes in the expression of plausible candidate genes. The list of candidate genes is far from being complete, since this issue has not yet been investigated in a systematic way. In this study, we used a custom-made cDNA microarray focused on inflammation as a screening approach to study gene expression in eight one-half marathon runners before, immediately after, and 24 h after exercise. Significant differential gene expression was verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Linear regression analysis showed that microarray expression analysis of cell type-specific surface molecules reflects the observed individual cellular shifts in peripheral blood cells with high statistical significance. In line with the results of former studies, we observed an upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAP-K2), L-selectin, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) after exhaustive exercise. The main results of this study report, for the first time, the downregulation of CD81; the upregulation of thioredoxin, which may play an important part in anti-oxidative defense; and, surprisingly, the downregulation of the anti-carcinogenic gene glutathione-S-transferase-3 (GSTM3) in peripheral blood. The study shows cDNA microarray expression analysis as a reliable systematic instrument to complete the list of candidate genes that may play a role in exhaustive exercise-induced modulation of the immune response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusions Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Germany. dzieker@web.de
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zieker
authors.forename: Elvira
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fehrenbach
authors.forename: Janko
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dietzsch
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fliegner
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Waidmann
authors.forename: Kay
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nieselt
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gebicke-Haerter
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Spanagel
authors.forename: Perikles
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Andreas Michael
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Niess
authors.forename: Hinnak
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Northoff
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000235:genetics; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012313:RNA / Q000235:genetics; D012420:Running; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D060225:Tetraspanin 28; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001798:Blood Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D053590:Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012313:RNA; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D060225:Tetraspanin 28; D000099190:MAP-Kinase-Activated Kinase 2; C554798:CD81 protein, human; C507763:IL1RN protein, human; C483009:GSTM3 protein, human