title: Raman spectroscopy for optical diagnosis in the larynx: preliminary findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Raman spectroscopy (RS) provides information about molecular structure and is a potential tool for non-invasive tissue diagnosis. To determine if Raman spectra could be obtained rapidly from laryngeal tissue in vitro, and compare Raman spectra from normal, benign, and cancerous laryngeal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-seven laryngeal specimens were studied using RS with signal acquisition times (SAT) between 1 and 30 second(s). Multivariate analysis was used to determine the diagnostic ability of RS compared to standard histology (n = 18, 13, and 16 respectively for normal tissue, carcinoma, and squamous papilloma).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good quality spectra were obtained with 5-second SAT. Spectral peak analysis showed prediction sensitivities of 89%, 69%, and 88%, and specificities of 86%, 94%, and 94% for normal tissue, carcinoma, and papilloma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the larynx, spectral differences appear to exist between normal tissue, carcinoma, and papilloma. The ability to obtain spectra rapidly supports potential for future in vivo studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore. gollpc@sgh.com.sg
authors.forename: David P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Zhiwei
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Donald W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Berean
authors.forename: Murray D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Haishan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zeng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010212:Papilloma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods*