title: Effects of vitamins E, A and D on MDA, GSH, NO levels and SOD activities in 5/6 nephrectomized rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the process of progressive renal injury in a variety of clinical and experimental renal diseases. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that treatment with vitamins decreases renal injury in chronic renal failure (CRF).
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: group 1, control; group 2, 5/6 nephrectomy (CRF); other groups 5/6 nephrectomy and injected vitamins (E, A, D). After 8 weeks, urea, creatinine and renal tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Renal tissue MDA levels were significantly lower in the control and Vit E groups compared to that of the CRF, Vit A and Vit D groups. GSH levels were significantly higher in the control group compared to that of other groups. However, GSH levels were significantly lower in the control group than those in the other groups. SOD activities of the control group were significantly higher than those in the other groups. SOD activities were significantly decreased in the Vit E group compared to the Vit A and Vit D groups. Tissue NO levels of control group were significantly increased compared to the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  According to this study, Vit E may at least in part prevent tissue injury by acting as a free radical scavenger.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, TR-41050 Kocaeli, Turkey. hale.maral@isnet.net.tr
authors.forename: Hale M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Kir
authors.forename: Meltem O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Dillioglugil
authors.forename: Melih
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tugay
authors.forename: Ceyla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Eraldemir
authors.forename: Haci Kahya
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Ozdoğan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism*; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000494:pharmacology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D014815:Vitamins / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D014807:Vitamin D; D014810:Vitamin E; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione