title: Growth factor signalling and response to endocrine therapy: the Royal Marsden Experience.
abstract: De novo resistance to endocrine therapy is a near-universal feature of oestrogen receptor (ER)- negative breast cancer. Although many ER-positive breast cancers also show no response to tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors on objective clinical grounds the large majority show reduced proliferation indicating that some oestrogen dependence is present in almost all ER-positive breast cancer. In neoadjuvant studies HER2 positivity is associated with poor response rates to tamoxifen but not aromatase inhibitors, consistent with preclinical models. Acquired resistance to tamoxifen is associated with decreases in ER positivity but most recurrent lesions remain ER-positive. A small proportion of these show increased HER2 expression and in these patients increased phospho-p38 may contribute to the tamoxifen-resistant phenotype. There is an unfortunate paucity of clinical and biological data on acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Biochemistry, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK. mitch.dowsett@icr.ac.uk
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dowsett
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: L-A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hills
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Detre
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gutierrez
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Mohsin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shou
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Allred
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004967:Estrogens / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004967:Estrogens; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen