title: Surface modifying substances that reduce apparent yeast cell hydrophobicity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether several topical compounds and other chemical entities are able to diminish the surface hydrophobicity of yeast cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hydrophobicity of yeast cells was determined by binding styrene microspheres to the surface of untreated yeast or yeast pre-incubated with various substances with potential for cell surface modification. The degree of microsphere adherence to yeast cells was measured by flow cytometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significant reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity was observed when yeast was incubated in protein-containing media. Other compounds that effectively reduced microsphere binding were various formulations of K-Y and heparin. Divalent cations (Ca+ + , Mg+ + , Zn+ + , Cu + + ) were also potent inhibitors of microsphere adherence. It was possible to remove substances contributing to microsphere binding by chemical extraction of the yeast. Yeast having reduced microsphere binding activity also showed diminished binding of concanavalin A.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Several commercially available compounds were able to block binding of styrene microspheres to yeast. Some of the binding activity appeared to be attributable to mannose-containing surface components. These findings have implications for formulating therapeutic products that might block yeast binding to tissues.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312-4198, USA.
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Colling
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essmann
authors.forename: Cara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hollmer
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D002176:Candida albicans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002413:Cations, Divalent / Q000494:pharmacology; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000378:metabolism; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D057927:Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; D008358:Mannose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008863:Microspheres; D020058:Styrene
chemical_list: D002413:Cations, Divalent; D003208:Concanavalin A; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D008358:Mannose; D020058:Styrene