title: Inhibition of acetylcholine-induced EDHF response by elevated glucose in rat mesenteric artery.
abstract: The effects of high glucose on endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-mediated relaxations of isolated rat mesenteric artery and the possible involvement of reactive oxygen species in these responses were investigated. After precontraction with phenylephrine (3 x 10(-8)-10(-7) M), acetylcholine (10(-8)-3 x 10(-6) M) and A 23187 (10(-8)-3 x 10(-6) M), a calcium ionophore, induced concentration-dependent relaxations in the presence of N(W)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (10(-4) M) and indomethacin (10(-5) M). These relaxations were abolished in the presence of charybdotoxin (2 x 10(-7) M) plus apamin (10(-7) M) and were assumed to be mediated by EDHF. Effects of elevated glucose were examined by incubating the arterial rings for 6 h in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 22.2 mM glucose. Under these conditions relaxation to acetylcholine was significantly attenuated but was unchanged when the tissues were incubated for 6 h in solution containing 11.1 mM mannitol used as hyperosmotic control. Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (75 U/ml) and combination of SOD with catalase (200 U/ml) during incubation with high glucose significantly preserved the impairment of EDHF-mediated relaxations to acetylcholine. A 23187-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation was not affected by high glucose. Similarly, relaxations to pinacidil (10(-10)-10(-5) M) and to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (10(-10)-3 x 10(-7) M) were also unchanged in the rings exposed to high glucose. These results suggest that in rat mesenteric arteries exposed to elevated glucose receptor-dependent EDHF-mediated relaxations (acetylcholine-induced) are impaired whereas receptor-independent ones (A 23187-induced) and responses to smooth muscle relaxants that exert their effects through mechanisms independent of endothelium are unaffected. Our findings lead us to propose that reactive oxygen species like superoxide ((.)O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) do seem to play a role in the impairment of EDHF-mediated relaxations in the presence of elevated glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Hacettepe, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey.
authors.forename: Melike Hacer
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ozkan
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Uma
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000502:physiology*; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000502:physiology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000494:pharmacology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D001786:Blood Glucose; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007476:Ionophores; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C067410:endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization factor; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000001:Calcimycin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000109:Acetylcholine