title: [Determination of placebo effect in irritable bowel syndrome].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The determinants of the placebo effect are not well established. Goal of this study was to explore likely predictive factors in an already published data set.
  
  
  METHODS
  We re-analysed data from a study in 120 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) that were randomly assigned to three arms of the study to receive (double-blind) either a drug (mebeverin) (n = 40) or placebo (n = 40), or (in an open trial) dietary treatment (fibre) (n = 40) for up to 16 week. Treatment was conducted by 3 different doctors (A, B, C) with 44, 27, and 18 patients, resp. A fourth group (n = 31) was treated by different varying physicians. Symptoms were assessed every 4 weeks, and the degree of patient compliance and the number of drop-outs, the number of patients improved/not improved (in %), symptom severity (Kruis Score) at enrolment, and age and gender as covariates were included into the analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Drop-out rate was 30 % for placebo, 30 % for mebeverin, and 15 % for the diet. For the patients remaining in the study, average compliance was 75 % with placebo, but 89 % for the drug and 82 % for the diet. Response rates were 39 % for placebo, but 20 % for the drug; response rate for the diet (open trial) was 43 % under all doctors. Response rates for drug and placebo combined were 32 % for doctor A (female,43 years), but 19 % for doctors B and C together (both males, 32 and 40 years)); this effect was not significant. Placebo responders were more often women (47 %) than men (28 %), while age effects were only found with dietary treatment: responders were younger. Placebo responders had an overall lower Kruis Score than non-responders (45 vs 52 points), but this was also true for drug (52 vs. 62 points) and diet responders (56 vs 68 points).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The major factors contributing to the placebo response are the treating physician (gender, training), and the patients gender (female). Patients with lower Kruis score (more likely non-functionally disordered) may be prone to higher (placebo) response rates.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik VI: Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen. paul.enck@uni-tuebingen.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Enck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Klosterhalfen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kruis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D043183:Irritable Bowel Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016013:Likelihood Functions; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010349:Patient Compliance / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010352:Patient Dropouts / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010627:Phenethylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D015990:Placebo Effect; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010627:Phenethylamines; C005096:mebeverine