title: Polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) gene are associated with bone mineral density in Caucasian men and women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A major determinant of osteoporotic fractures is peak bone mineral density (BMD), which is a highly heritable trait. Recently, we identified significant linkage for hip BMD in premenopausal sister pairs at chromosome 14q (LOD score = 3.5), where the estrogen receptor beta gene (ESR2) is located.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine whether ESR2 polymorphisms are associated with normal BMD variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a population-based genetic association study, using 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) distributed across the ESR2 gene.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at an academic research laboratory and medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 411 healthy men (aged 18-61 yr) and 1291 healthy premenopausal women (aged 20-50 yr) living in Indiana participated in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were no interventions.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measures were SNP genotype distributions and their association with BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant association of spine BMD was found with three SNPs in men and one SNP in women (P < or = 0.05). The conditional linkage analysis using the ESR2 haplotypes showed that the ESR2 gene accounts for, at most, 18% of the original linkage.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ESR2 polymorphisms are significantly associated with bone mass in both men and women. However, the ESR2 gene is not entirely responsible for our original linkage, and an additional gene(s) in chromosome 14q contributes to the determination of BMD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 541 North Clinical Drive, Clinical Building 459, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5121, USA.
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ichikawa
authors.forename: Daniel L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Koller
authors.forename: Munro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peacock
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Dongbing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Siu L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Hui
authors.forename: C Conrad
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: Tatiana M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Foroud
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Econs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015519:Bone Density; D002883:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14; D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015810:Linkage Disequilibrium; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D040641:Quantitative Trait Loci; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047629:Estrogen Receptor beta