title: Auriculo-condylar syndrome is associated with highly variable ear and mandibular defects in multiple kindreds.
abstract: We report on 20 individuals in 4 kindreds with auriculo-condylar syndrome (ACS), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by congenital auricular clefts, mandibular condyle hypoplasia, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) abnormalities, micrognathia, microstomia, and a round facial appearance with prominent cheeks. Affected individuals have varying degrees of glossoptosis, respiratory distress, masticatory abnormalities, and malocclusion. Data from these families and those previously described suggest that this is a unique disorder with widely variable expression, including lack of obvious external anomalies in some individuals and severe ear malformations, condyle agenesis, and characteristic facial features in others. Early recognition of this condition should permit appropriate counseling and anticipatory guidance, including evaluation for reconstructive surgery and orthodontia and intervention for upper airway obstruction and sleep apnea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA. astorm@childrenscentralcal.org
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Storm
authors.forename: Jason M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lammer
authors.forename: Glenn E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cunniff
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities*; D005145:Face / Q000002:abnormalities; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000473:pathology; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000473:pathology; D008865:Microstomia / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D013577:Syndrome; D013704:Temporomandibular Joint / Q000002:abnormalities*