title: Enhanced plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein increase circulating nuclear factor-kappa B activation in patients with unstable angina.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circulating levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with unstable angina (UA) or stable angina (SA) and control subjects.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Nuclear factor-kB might be involved in atherosclerosis, as is suggested by the presence of activated NF-kB in human atherosclerotic lesions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Levels of plasma ox-LDL and circulating NF-kB in PBMC (and in separated lymphocytes and monocytes) were measured in 27 control subjects and 29 SA and 27 UA patients. In in vitro studies, the effect of ox-LDL and of the sera derived from a subgroup of UA patients and control subjects on monocytic NF-kB activation was also evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The UA and SA patients had higher levels of circulating ox-LDL and NF-kB in PBMC than control subjects (p < 0.001). The increase in circulating NF-kB was mainly due to the activation of monocytes. In the in vitro studies, ox-LDL dose-dependently increased the activation of NF-kB in monocytes, but not in lymphocytes derived from healthy volunteers. This increase was related to the expression of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor-1 on monocytes. The incubation of monocytes with the sera derived from the UA patients induced a significant increase in NF-kB activation compared with the sera derived from the control subjects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that the activation of NF-kB in monocytes of UA patients is, at least in part, induced by circulating molecules such as ox-LDL, which has been found to be particularly elevated in UA patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. luciano.cominacini@univr.it
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cominacini
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anselmi
authors.forename: Ulisse
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Garbin
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fratta Pasini
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stranieri
authors.forename: Massimiliano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fusaro
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nava
authors.forename: Pierfrancesco
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Agostoni
authors.forename: Dritan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Keta
authors.forename: Pietro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zardini
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sawamura
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lo Cascio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood; D051131:Receptors, Oxidized LDL / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051131:Receptors, Oxidized LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein