title: Language activation distributions revealed by fMRI in post-operative epilepsy patients: differences between left- and right-sided resections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To reveal differences of cerebral activation related to language functions in post-operative temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Right (RTL) and left temporal lobe (LTL) resected patients, and healthy controls were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Only patients with complete left-hemispheric language dominance according to the intracarotid amytal procedure (IAP) were included. Language-related activations were evoked by performing word generation and text reading language tasks. Activation lateralization and temporo-frontal distribution effects were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For word generation, only LTL patients showed reduced left lateralized activation compared to controls, due to a decrease in activation in the left prefrontal cortex and an increase in the right prefrontal cortex. For reading, the left-hemispheric lateralization in RTL patients increased because of enhanced activity in the left prefrontal cortex, whereas for LTL patients the activation became bilaterally distributed over the temporal lobes. Lateralization results between pre-operative IAP and post-operative fMRI were highly discordant. Significant temporo-frontal distribution changes manifested from the reading but not from the word generation task.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The cerebral language representation in post-operative LTL epilepsy patients is more bi-hemispherically lateralized than in controls and RTL patients. Post-operative temporo-frontal and interhemispheric redistribution effects, involving contralateral homologous brain areas, are suggested to contribute to the cerebral reorganisation of language function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Hospital, P. Debyelaan 25, NL-6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands. wbac@rdia.azm.nl
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Backes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deblaere
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vonck
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Kessels
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hofman
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Wilmink
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vingerhoets
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Achten
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Aldenkamp
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D007802:Language; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen