title: Improving the prevention and control of hazardous substance exposures: a randomized controlled trial in manufacturing worksites.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  New measures of exposure prevention (EP) activity were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a 16-month management-focused intervention addressing hazardous substance exposures in manufacturing work settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  EP efforts were assessed using a rating scheme developed for this study. The rating scheme yields a set of measures of exposure potential and protection, which are combined into an overall EP summary rating. A randomized, controlled design was used to assess intervention effectiveness. Fifteen large manufacturing worksites completed the 16-month intervention and follow-up assessments. Analyses were conducted on the 107 production processes assessed at both baseline and final.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patterns of improvement within the intervention condition were consistent with the intervention emphasis on upstream or source-focused intervention; whereas patterns in controls were consistent with prevalent practice (more downstream, worker-focused). A mixed model analysis of variance showed greater improvement in EP ratings in intervention versus controls, but the difference in improvement was moderate and statistically non-significant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has demonstrated that EP efforts in the manufacturing sector can be systematically assessed across the full range of hazardous substances in use, and that such assessments can serve both needs assessment and effectiveness evaluation functions. Findings suggest that more sustained or intense management-focused intervention would significantly improve EP activity in manufacturing settings.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Health and Society, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. alamonta@unimelb.edu.au
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Lamontagne
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stoddard
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Youngstrom
authors.forename: Marvin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewiton
authors.forename: Glorian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sorensen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015386:Hazardous Substances / Q000633:toxicity*; D015438:Health Behavior; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D008420:Manufactured Materials / Q000633:toxicity*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015397:Program Evaluation; D017132:Workplace / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D015386:Hazardous Substances