title: Identification and quantification of aerosol polar oxygenated compounds bearing carboxylic or hydroxyl groups. 2. Organic tracer compounds from monoterpenes.
abstract: In this study, a comparison is made of polar organic compounds found in the field with those produced in secondary organic aerosol from laboratory irradiations of natural hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). The field samples comprised atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) collected at Research Triangle Park (RTP), NC, during the summer of 2003, and the laboratory samples originated from the photooxidation of the following monoterpenes: alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and d-limonene. To determine the structural characteristics of the polar compounds, the filter samples were solvent extracted and derivatized using a technique based on single and multistep derivatizations. The resulting compound derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS in the methane-Cl and El modes. In addition to previously reported biogenic oxidation products (pinic acid, pinonic acid, norpinic acid, nopinone, and pinonaldehyde), seven multifunctional organic compounds were found in both field and laboratory samples. These compounds, which are proposed as possible atmospheric tracers for secondary organic aerosol from monoterpenes, were consistent with the following identifications: 3-isopropyl pentanedioic acid; 3-acetyl pentanedioic acid; 3-carboxy heptanedioic acid; 3-acetyl hexanedioic acid; 2-isopropyl-1,2-dihydroxybutanol; 4-isopropyl-2,4-dihydroxyhexanol; and 3-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclobutane carboxylic acid. Initial attempts have been made to quantify the concentrations of these tracer compounds on the basis of surrogate compound calibrations. The occurrence of these compounds in both laboratory and field measurements suggests that secondary organic aerosol originating from biogenic hydrocarbons are contributing to the regional aerosol burden in the southeastern United States. Several of these compounds also appear to contribute to the global aerosol burden in that they have also been identified in Europe and Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Alion Science and Technology, P.O. Box 12313, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA. jaoui.mohammed@epa.gov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaoui
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Kleindienst
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lewandowski
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Offenberg
authors.forename: E O
authors.initials: EO
authors.lastname: Edney
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000388:Air / Q000032:analysis*; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D000438:Alcohols / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D002264:Carboxylic Acids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D008956:Models, Chemical; D015394:Molecular Structure; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000528:radiation effects; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000528:radiation effects; D009657:North Carolina; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010316:Particle Size; D010777:Photochemistry; D012621:Seasons; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000393:Air Pollutants; D000438:Alcohols; D002264:Carboxylic Acids; D039821:Monoterpenes; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides