title: 14,15-Dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha.
abstract: Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P-450 epoxygenases, are converted by soluble epoxide hydrolase (SEH) to the corresponding dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs). Originally considered as inactive degradation products of EETs, DHETs have biological activity in some systems. Here we examined the capacity of EETs and DHETs to activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha). We find that among the EET and DHET regioisomers, 14,15-DHET is the most potent PPARalpha activator in a COS-7 cell expression system. Incubation with 10 microM 14,15-DHET produced a 12-fold increase in PPARalpha-mediated luciferase activity, an increase similar to that produced by the PPARalpha agonist Wy-14643 (20 microM). Although 10 microM 14,15-EET produced a threefold increase in luciferase activity, this was abrogated by the SEH inhibitor dicyclohexylurea. 14-Hexyloxytetradec-5(Z)-enoic acid, a 14,15-EET analog that cannot be converted to a DHET, did not activate PPARalpha. However, PPARalpha was activated by 2-(14,15-epoxyeicosatrienoyl)glycerol, which was hydrolyzed and the released 14,15-EET converted to 14,15-DHET. COS-7 cells incorporated 14,15-[3H]DHET from the medium, and the cells also retained a small amount of the DHET formed during incubation with 14,15-[3H]EET. Binding studies indicated that 14,15-[3H]DHET binds to the ligand binding domain of PPARalpha with a Kd of 1.4 microM. Furthermore, 14,15-DHET increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A, a PPARalpha-responsive gene, in transfected HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that 14,15-DHET, produced from 14,15-EET by the action of SEH, may function as an endogenous activator of PPARalpha.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Biochemistry, Univ. of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. xiang-fang@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Shanming
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Bingkun
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Snyder
authors.forename: Shawn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Jianrong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Yi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Bhavani
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sangras
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Falck
authors.forename: Neal L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Weintraub
authors.forename: Arthur A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Spector
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D019556:COS Cells; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D004852:Epoxy Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C107016:14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D004852:Epoxy Compounds; D047493:PPAR alpha; C046782:14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid; D014508:Urea; D002334:Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; D004851:Epoxide Hydrolases; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; C000948:1,3-dicyclohexylurea