title: Two-year outcomes for interpersonal and social rhythm therapy in individuals with bipolar I disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Numerous studies have pointed to the failure of prophylaxis with pharmacotherapy alone in the treatment of bipolar I disorder. Recent investigations have demonstrated benefits from the addition of psychoeducation or psychotherapy to pharmacotherapy in this population.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare 2 psychosocial interventions: interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) and an intensive clinical management (ICM) approach in the treatment of bipolar I disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial involving 4 treatment strategies: acute and maintenance IPSRT (IPSRT/IPSRT), acute and maintenance ICM (ICM/ICM), acute IPSRT followed by maintenance ICM (IPSRT/ICM), or acute ICM followed by maintenance IPSRT (ICM/IPSRT). The preventive maintenance phase lasted 2 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Research clinic in a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred seventy-five acutely ill individuals with bipolar I disorder recruited from inpatient and outpatient settings, clinical referral, public presentations about bipolar disorder, and other public information activities.
  
  
  METHODS
  Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy, an adaptation of Klerman and Weissman's interpersonal psychotherapy to which a social rhythm regulation component has been added, and ICM.
  
  
  METHODS
  Time to stabilization in the acute phase and time to recurrence in the maintenance phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We observed no difference between the treatment strategies in time to stabilization. After controlling for covariates of survival time, we found that participants assigned to IPSRT in the acute treatment phase survived longer without a new affective episode (P = .01), irrespective of maintenance treatment assignment. Participants in the IPSRT group had higher regularity of social rhythms at the end of acute treatment (P<.001). Ability to increase regularity of social rhythms during acute treatment was associated with reduced likelihood of recurrence during the maintenance phase (P = .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy appears to add to the clinical armamentarium for the management of bipolar I disorder, particularly with respect to prophylaxis of new episodes.
authors.affiliation: Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. franke@upmc.edu
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Frank
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kupfer
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Thase
authors.forename: Alan G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Mallinger
authors.forename: Holly A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: Andrea M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Fagiolini
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Grochocinski
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Monk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008094:Lithium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D008094:Lithium