title: Atrial overdrive pacing compared to CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with oxygen desaturation, blood pressure increase, and neurohumoral activation, resulting in possible detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the therapy of choice for OSA. In a recent study, nocturnal atrial overdrive pacing (pacing) reduced the severity of sleep apnoea in pacemaker patients. We compared the effects of CPAP with those of pacing in patients with OSA but without pacemaker indication or clinical signs of heart failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten patients with OSA on CPAP therapy were studied for three nights by polysomnography. During the nights that followed a night without any treatment (baseline), the patients were treated with CPAP or pacing in a random order. Pacing was performed with a temporary pacing lead. The pacing frequency was 15 b.p.m. higher than the baseline heart rate. The apnoea-hypopnoea index was 41.0 h(-1) (12.0-66.6) at baseline and was significantly lower during CPAP [2.2 h(-1) (0.3-12.4)] compared with pacing [39.1 h(-1) (8.2-78.5)]. Furthermore, duration and quality of sleep were significantly improved during CPAP when compared with pacing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Nocturnal atrial overdrive pacing is no alternative therapeutic strategy to CPAP for the treatment of OSA in patients without clinical signs of heart failure and without conventional indication for anti-bradycardia pacing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, D-37099 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Unterberg
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lüthje
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szych
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vollmann
authors.forename: Gerd
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hasenfuss
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andreas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D045422:Continuous Positive Airway Pressure / Q000379:methods*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; C109794:pro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76); D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; D009638:Norepinephrine