title: Gene conversions are a common cause of von Willebrand disease.
abstract: von Willebrand disease (VWD), the most common inherited bleeding disorder, is very heterogeneous, both in its phenotype and genotype. One particular molecular mechanism of VWD is due to recombination events between the true gene and its pseudogene on chromosome 22. We assessed the frequency and extension of such events in 50 multi-ethnic index patients with severe VWD type 3 and in five index patients with VWD type 2M Vicenza. One additional unclassified patient had been diagnosed with possible VWD in Russia solely on a clinical basis. Gene conversions, previously thought to be rare events, were identified in >10% of our study population: in six multi-ethnic patients with severe VWD type 3, in one patient with VWD type 2M Vicenza and the Russian patient was finally diagnosed with VWD type 2B New York/Malmoe. Our results suggest a significant contribution of this particular molecular mechanism to the manifestation of VWD. The location of the gene conversions, their extension and their occurrence as homozygous, compound heterozygous or heterozygous mutations determines the resulting phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India. paw_5671@hotmail.com
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Adamtziki
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaiprakash
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harbeck-Seu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Obser
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Wedekind
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schneppenheim
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D005006:Ethnicity; D005785:Gene Conversion; D005858:Germany; D006115:Greece; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D010641:Phenotype; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D012310:Ristocetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012426:Russia; D014842:von Willebrand Diseases / Q000145:classification* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D012310:Ristocetin