title: Mechanism of force generation of a viral DNA packaging motor.
abstract: A large family of multimeric ATPases are involved in such diverse tasks as cell division, chromosome segregation, DNA recombination, strand separation, conjugation, and viral genome packaging. One such system is the Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 DNA packaging motor, which generates large forces to compact its genome into a small protein capsid. Here we use optical tweezers to study, at the single-molecule level, the mechanism of force generation in this motor. We determine the kinetic parameters of the packaging motor and their dependence on external load to show that DNA translocation does not occur during ATP binding but is likely triggered by phosphate release. We also show that the motor subunits act in a coordinated, successive fashion with high processivity. Finally, we propose a minimal mechanochemical cycle of this DNA-translocating ATPase that rationalizes all of our findings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
authors.forename: Yann R
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chemla
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aathavan
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Michaelis
authors.forename: Shelley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grimes
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Jardine
authors.forename: Dwight L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bustamante
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D019065:Virus Assembly / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D020409:Molecular Motor Proteins; D010710:Phosphates; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases