title: Cryosurgery and radiofrequency ablation for unresectable colorectal liver metastases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report immediate local treatment efficacy and long-term results of cryosurgical ablation (CSA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with colorectal liver metastases not eligible for resection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-eight patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases were included. Under ultrasound guidance, CSA or RFA were performed with or without concomitant resection. CT scanning and FDG-PET were used to determine local efficacy of the ablative procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 26 and 25 months for CSA and RFA, respectively. One and 2-year survival rates were 76 and 61% for CSA and 93 and 75% for RFA, respectively. In a lesion based analysis, the local recurrence rate was 9% after CSA and 6% after RFA. Complication rates were 30 and 11% after CSA and RFA, respectively, (p=0.052). In a subgroup analysis on 43 patients with 104 ablated lesions, CT scan immediate after treatment was not able to predict local treatment failure, whereas FDG-PET scan within 3 weeks after local ablative treatment predicted six of the seven local recurrences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases, CSA and RFA can be used either alone or as an effective adjunct to resection in achieving complete tumour clearance of the liver. More widespread use of these techniques seems promising but requires further investigation in randomized trials comparing local ablative treatment with chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Joosten
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jager
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: Th
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wobbes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruers
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome