title: Is there a relationship between chronic bladder dysfunction and somatic symptoms in other body regions? 2. An experimental neuroanatomical approach.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Based on clinical description of associated dysfunctional symptoms in patients with non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction an experimental setup was created in order to investigate the neuroanatomical basis for the clinical phenomena observed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using 24 male adult Sprague-Dawley rats for retrograde mapping of the spinal cord and brain, a pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracer was subsequently injected into four pertinent locations; (a) the trigone, (b) the masseter muscle (c) the forepaw and (d) the hindpaw.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PRV tracing demonstrated clearly overlapping of labeled areas in the brain stem, diencephalon and thoracic-lumbar cord, from all injection sites of the rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a diffuse overlap within the brain stem and spinal cord, of autonomic innervation to peripheral tissues based on the presented animal experiments. The described autonomic network allows an understanding of the occurrence of symptoms in distant regions of the body associated to chronic bladder dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Neuro-Urology Lab and Neuro-Urology Unit, Department of Urology, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO, USA. dh.zermann@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Dirk-Henrik
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Zermann
authors.forename: Manabu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishigooka
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000821:virology*; D001342:Autonomic Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000821:virology*; D011558:Herpesvirus 1, Suid / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D001745:Urinary Bladder Diseases / Q000150:complications*