title: Comparisons of analgesic effects of different doses of morphine and morphine plus methylprednisolone after knee surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this double-blind randomized study, the analgesic effects of morphine alone and with methylprednisolone were examined in 72 patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  At the end of arthroscopy, patients were allocated randomly to one of four groups to receive intra-articular administrations of saline, morphine 1 mg, morphine 5 mg or morphine 1 mg with methylprednisolone 40 mg. Preoperative and postoperative pain levels at rest and during movement (active flexion of the knee) were measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Postoperative analgesic requirements to alleviate pain were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pain scores were significantly lower for the patients who received 5 mg morphine and 1 mg morphine with 40 mg methylprednisolone than for those who received saline or 1 mg morphine. This was accompanied by a decrease in the postoperative consumption of analgesics and prolongation of the duration of pain relief.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that the analgesic effect of morphine given intra-articularly is dose dependent and that combination of methylprednisolone with morphine has an additive effect on analgesia.
authors.affiliation: Atatürk University, The School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Erzurum, Turkey. mkizilkaya65@hotmail.com
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kizilkaya
authors.forename: O S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Yildirim
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ezirmik
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kursad
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Karsan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001182:Arthroscopy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007717:Knee / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008775:Methylprednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D014147:Tramadol; D009020:Morphine; D008775:Methylprednisolone