title: Persistent anti-gag, -Nef, and -Rev IgM levels as markers of the impaired functions of CD4+ T-helper lymphocytes during SIVmac251 infection of cynomolgus macaques.
abstract: This study analyzed the antigen-specific (Gag, Nef, Rev, and Tat) IgM, IgG, and IgA humoral responses during the first 200 days of SIVmac251 infection in cynomolgus macaques. These responses were tested for correlation with the CD4(+) T-cell-related hematologic parameters and viral load throughout the course of the study (acute and chronic infection, during and after antiretroviral therapy). Strong inverse correlations were observed between the percentage of CD4(+) T cells at almost every timepoint of the study and the levels of IgM (but not IgG and IgA) against Gag, Nef, and Rev (but not Tat) measured after, but not during, the primary peak of IgM response. Significant levels of persistent antigen-specific IgMs may reflect the prevalence of mature plasma cells that have not undergone immunoglobulin class switching, possibly due to defects in helper T-cell function. Strong correlations were observed between the preinfection CD4(+) T-cell count or CD4/CD8 ratio and the same parameters measured throughout the study, suggesting the importance of preinfection immune status as a determinant of disease progression. The negative correlations between the post-acute-phase IgM levels and the percentage of CD4(+) T cells at later times during the study suggest the potential prognostic value of this measurement.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurovirology and Cancer Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.
authors.forename: Emmanuel G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Régulier
authors.forename: Reshma
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Panemangalore
authors.forename: Max W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Richardson
authors.forename: Jeremy J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: DeFranco
authors.forename: Virginia
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kocieda
authors.forename: Devon C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Gordon-Lyles
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Silvera
authors.forename: Kamel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Khalili
authors.forename: Jean-François
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Zagury
authors.forename: Mark G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Jay
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rappaport
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D015683:Gene Products, gag / Q000276:immunology*; D015694:Gene Products, rev / Q000276:immunology*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000097:blood*; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology*; D013997:Time Factors; D019562:Viral Load; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D044966:Anti-Retroviral Agents; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015415:Biomarkers; D015683:Gene Products, gag; D015694:Gene Products, rev; D007136:Immunoglobulins; C429284:NEF protein, SIV; D054334:Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins