title: The effect of contrast media on the synovial membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the effect of intra-articular injection of contrast media, sorbitol and normal saline on the synovial membrane.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty three rabbits (126 knees) were used in this study. We injected the knees with amidotrizoate, ioxaglate, iopamidol, iotrol and diluted gadolinium-DTPA (2 mmol/l). Normal saline and sorbitol 27.25% were used for comparison. A histological and histochemical examination of the knees was carried out 1, 2, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 days after the injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On histological examination, the knees injected with normal saline, ioxaglate and gadolinium-DTPA had a normal appearance. Intra-articular injection of amidotrizoate, iopamidol, iotrol and sorbitol caused early, mild and transient histological changes of the synovium (synovial hyperplasia, infiltration by leucocytes). Furthermore, the knees injected with amidotrizoate presented with late, extensive histological changes (severe synovial hyperplasia, moderate vascular dilatation, severe infiltration by leukocytes).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that the chemical structure and not the osmolality of the contrast media is the main cause for the histological changes of the synovium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias 76 Ave., GR-115 28 Athens, Greece. medgraph@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Xenophon
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Papacharalampous
authors.forename: Efstratios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Patsouris
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mundinger
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Vasilios
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kouloulias
authors.forename: Elias
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Primetis
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Koureas
authors.forename: Lambros
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vlahos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001175:Arthrography; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000494:pharmacology; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA / Q000494:pharmacology; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007479:Iopamidol / Q000494:pharmacology; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D007719:Knee Joint; D011817:Rabbits; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; D003973:Diatrizoate; C033300:iotrolan; D007479:Iopamidol; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid