title: Adipose development: from stem cell to adipocyte.
abstract: Cell culture models have been developed to study commitment and subsequent differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 commits mesenchymal stem cells to the adipose lineage. Other factors, including Wnt signaling, cell density, and cell shape, play a role in lineage commitment. Following commitment to the adipose lineage, growth-arrested preadipocytes can differentiate to adipocytes by treatment with insulin-like growth factor 1, glucocorticoid and an agent that increases cAMP level. This process is characterized by a rapid and transient increase in CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) beta and synchronous re-entry into the cell cycle. Acquisition of DNA-binding by C/EBPbeta occurs after the transcription factor becomes phosphorylated. The cells enter a growth-arrested state and begin terminal differentiation. C/EBPalpha, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and adipocyte determination, and differentiation-dependent factor 1 coordinate the expression of genes that create and maintain the adipocyte phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
authors.forename: Tamara C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Otto
authors.forename: M Daniel
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Lane
mesh_terms: D017667:Adipocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D019070:Cell Lineage; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D014157:Transcription Factors