title: Improved endothelium dependent vasodilation in endurance athletes and its relation with ACE I/D polymorphism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Aerobic exercise enhances endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy individuals. It is thought that exercise increases nitric oxide (NO) production and decreases NO inactivation, leading to an increase in NO bioavailability. Angiotensin II and NO have important roles in maintaining vascular tone. There are polymorphisms of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and the presence of the deletion (D) allele has been associated with higher concentrations of circulating and tissue ACE. In this study, the relationship between endothelial function and ACE gene polymorphisms was investigated in athletes and sedentary subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group comprised 56 endurance athletes and 46 sedentary subjects who underwent brachial artery ultrasonographic examination. ACE insertion (I) and D allele frequencies were analyzed in all patients. Baseline brachial artery diameter and resting blood flow were similar in athletes and controls (p > 0.05). The flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was 8.48+/-3.65% in athletes and 5.16+/-2.5% in controls (p = 0.0001). FMD was significantly different between ACE genotypes in the athletes (p < 0.0001): it was higher in ACE II (10.5+/-1.6%) subjects than in the DI (8.4+/-2.3%) or DD (7+/-1.2%) subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular isotonic exercise can improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation especially in those with the ACE II genotype.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey. htanriverdi@posta.pamukkale.edu.tr
authors.forename: Halil
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Harun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Evrengul
authors.forename: Seyhan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanriverdi
authors.forename: Sebahat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: Beyza
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Akdag
authors.forename: H Asuman
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Kaftan
authors.forename: Ender
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Semiz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000378:metabolism; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D013177:Sports; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000804:Angiotensin II; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A