title: Effects of South African men's having witnessed abuse of their mothers during childhood on their levels of violence in adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to assess the effects of witnessing violence against their mothers in childhood on men's use of violence in a range of settings in adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 1368 randomly selected male municipal workers in Cape Town, South Africa.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost a quarter (23.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=21.2, 25.7) of the men reported witnessing abuse of their mother, and having witnessed such events was associated with men's later involvement in physical conflicts in their community (odds ratio [OR]=1.72; 95% CI=1.29, 2.30) and at their place of work (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 1.30, 2.58), use of physical violence against their partners (OR = 2.61; 95% CI = 1.94, 3.54), and arrest for possession of illegal firearms (OR=2.86; 95% CI=1.29, 6.32).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show strong links between "publicly" violent behavior among men and childhood experiences of "private" violence against their mothers. Prevention of domestic violence is essential both in its own right and as part of efforts to reduce broader violence and crime in society.
authors.affiliation: Gender and Health Research Unit, Medical Research Council, PO Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa. naeema.abrahams@mrc.ac.za
authors.forename: Naeemah
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abrahams
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jewkes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000786:Anger; D002648:Child; D003220:Conflict, Psychological; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005389:Firearms; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008571:Men / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009035:Mothers; D011209:Power, Psychological; D015995:Prevalence; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012307:Risk Factors; D012945:Social Values; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013019:South Africa / Q000453:epidemiology; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*