title: Effect of galactose density on asialoglycoprotein receptor-mediated uptake of galactosylated liposomes.
abstract: Galactosylated (Gal) liposomes containing various molar ratios of cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-D-thiogalactosylethyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) as a ligand for asialoglycoprotein receptors were prepared to study the effect of the galactose content of Gal-liposomes labeled with [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether on their targeted delivery to hepatocytes. The uptake characteristics of Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 1.0%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% were evaluated. The uptake and internalization by HepG2 cells was enhanced by the addition of Gal-C4-Chol to the Gal-liposomes. In the presence of excess galactose, the uptake of Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% was inhibited suggesting asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated uptake. After intravenous injection, Gal-liposomes having Gal-C4-Chol of 3.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5%, rapidly disappeared from the blood and exhibited rapid liver accumulation with up to about 80% of the dose within 10 min whereas Gal-liposomes having low Gal-C4-Chol (1.0% and 2.5%) showed a slight improvement in liver accumulation compared with bare-liposomes. Gal-liposomes with high Gal-C4-Chol are preferentially taken up by hepatocytes and the highest uptake ratio by parenchymal cells (PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) (PC/NPC ratio) was observed with Gal-liposomes having of 5.0% Gal-C4-Chol. We report here that the galactose density of Gal-liposomes prepared by Gal-C4-Chol is important for both effective recognition by asialoglycoprotein receptors and cell internalization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Chittima
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Managit
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawakami
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hashida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002782:Cholestenes / Q000737:chemistry; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005690:Galactose / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D010316:Particle Size; D013997:Time Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D037263:Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; D002782:Cholestenes; D004337:Drug Carriers; D008081:Liposomes; C506719:cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-D-thiogalactosylethyl)amino)butyl)formamide; D014316:Tritium; D005690:Galactose