title: Differential detection of turkey coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and bovine coronavirus by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: The objective of the present study was to develop a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for differential detection of turkey coronavirus (TCoV), infectious bronchitis coronavirus (IBV), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV). Primers were designed from conserved or variable regions of nucleocapsid (N) or spike (S) protein gene among TCoV, IBV, and BCoV and used in the same PCR reaction. Reverse transcription followed by the PCR reaction was used to amplify a portion of N or S gene of the corresponding coronaviruses. The PCR products were detected on agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Two PCR products, a 356-bp band corresponding to N gene and a 727-bp band corresponding to S gene, were obtained for TCoV isolates. In contrast, one PCR product of 356 bp corresponding to a fragment of N gene was obtained for IBV strains and one PCR product of 568 bp corresponding to a fragment of S gene was obtained for BCoV. There were no PCR products with the same primers for Newcastle disease virus, Marek's disease virus, turkey pox virus, pigeon pox virus, fowl pox virus, reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, enterovirus, astrovirus, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. Performance of the assay with serially diluted RNA demonstrated that the multiplex PCR could detect 4.8x10(-3) microg of TCoV RNA, 4.6x10(-4) microg of IBV RNA, and 8.0x10(-2) microg of BCoV RNA. These results indicated that the multiplex PCR as established in the present study is a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for differential detection of TCoV, IBV, and BCoV in a single PCR reaction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology and Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2065, USA.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Loa
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bryan
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hooper
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Schrader
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018352:Coronavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis; D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D017938:Coronavirus, Bovine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D004752:Coronavirus, Turkey / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005814:Genes, Viral; D001351:Infectious bronchitis virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013045:Species Specificity; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014422:Turkeys; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000086462:Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019590:Nucleocapsid Proteins; D012367:RNA, Viral; D064370:Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C578557:spike glycoprotein, SARS-CoV; C578553:spike protein, mouse hepatitis virus