title: Distinct patterns of emergence and fading of K103N and Y181C in women with subtype A vs. D after single-dose nevirapine: HIVNET 012.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The HIVNET 012 trial in Uganda demonstrated that single-dose nevirapine (NVP) can prevent HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. NVP resistance (NVPR) mutations were detected in 25% of women 6 to 8 weeks after NVP, with a higher rate of NVPR in women with subtype D than A. This study examined emergence and fading of specific NVPR mutations in women with these subtypes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma HIV-1 was analyzed with the ViroSeq genotyping system (Celera Diagnostics, Alameda, CA). Genotypes were obtained from paired samples collected 7 days and 6 to 8 weeks after NVP from 140 women, 83 with subtype A and 57 with subtype D.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of NVPR was similar in women with subtype A vs. D at 7 days but was higher in subtype D than A at 6 to 8 weeks. The higher rate of NVPR in subtype D was explained by at least 2 factors: Y181C faded from detection at a greater rate in women with subtype A (odds ratio = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.04, 8.90) and K103N accumulated at a greater rate in women with subtype D (odds ratio = 1.74; 95% CI, 0.62, 4.87).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV-1 subtype influences selection and fading of HIV-1 variants with specific drug resistance mutations after antiretroviral drug exposure.
authors.affiliation: The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. seshlem@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mwatha
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mmiro
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D015751:Genes, pol / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D010802:Phylogeny
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019829:Nevirapine