Reflections on the doctorate of nursing practice.
A debate is currently raging in many academic nursing circles about a new degree, the Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The degree is envisioned as the terminal degree in the discipline that focuses on clinical practice, and it is proposed to supplant the master's degree by 2015. There are a number of driving forces fueling the proposed change, including the hoped-for parity it will create with other health care disciplines and the potential for addressing the complexity of today's health care system. However, we believe that a substantive debate is required prior to a full-scale adoption of this new degree. In this article, we pose the potential unintended consequences of adopting a practice doctorate within our profession-the ones that might be negative for the nursing profession, for health care, and for society as a whole. We discuss these 3 dimensions and suggest that the DNP may erode the major progress nursing as a scientific discipline has made in universities over the past 3 decades. We suggest that the adoption of a DNP will threaten the generation of theory-based science in our discipline, either by decreasing the number of PhD-prepared nurses that will enter the field in the future or by lengthening the course of study to a PhD, thereby significantly shortening productive scientific careers. We question whether the creation of 2 doctoral tracks will further widen the chasm between nurse scientists and clinicians and result in many nurse clinicians feeling disenfranchised. We also pose questions about the impact of the DNP on health care and society. We are concerned that the number of nurses prepared at an advanced practice level will decrease and that the DNP will, thus, have negative impacts on quality, cost, and access to care. Finally, we question whether the DNP will create confusion among colleagues and consumers. We recommend that the adoption of the DNP only occur after thoughtful discussion both within and outside the profession.
Dracup
Kathleen
K
School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. kathleen.dracup@nursing.ucsf.edu
Cronenwett
Linda
L
Meleis
Afaf I
AI
Benner
Patricia E
PE
D003695:Delivery of Health Care; D004511:Education, Nursing, Graduate; D009729:Nursing; D012380:Role; D014481:United States