Selenoprotein synthesis: a unique translational mechanism used by a diverse family of proteins.
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the unique mechanism by which mammalian selenoprotein synthesis occurs. Selenoprotein synthesis requires translational recoding of the UGA codon from a stop signal to a selenocysteine insertion signal (SECIS). Dedicated factors directly involved in this translation process include specific secondary structure in the mRNA (SECIS), a unique tRNA (Sec-tRNA(Sec)), an RNA binding protein (SBP2), and a specialized elongation factor (EFsec). Regulation of this process is discussed along with physiologic and clinical issues regarding selenoprotein synthesis, including the side effects associated with statin drugs.
Hoffmann
Peter R
PR
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. peterh@pbrc.hawaii.edu
Berry
Marla J
MJ
D000818:Animals; D003062:Codon; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D008954:Models, Biological; D005810:Multigene Family; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012343:RNA, Transfer / Q000378:metabolism; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D051140:Selenoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000737:chemistry
D003062:Codon; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D051140:Selenoproteins; D012313:RNA; D012343:RNA, Transfer