title: [Pigment dispersion and Artisan implants: crystalline lens rise as a safety criterion].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To validate the theoretical notion of a crystalline lens rise as a safety criterion for ARTISAN implants in order to prevent the development of pigment dispersion in the implanted eye.
  
  
  METHODS
  Crystalline lens rise is defined by the distance between the crystalline lens's anterior pole and the horizontal plane joining the opposite iridocorneal recesses. We analyzed the biometric measurements of 87 eyes with an Artisan implant. A comparative analysis of the crystalline lens rise was carried out on the nine eyes having developed pigment dispersion and 78 eyes with no problems. Among the modern anterior segment imaging devices (Artemis, Scheimpflug photography, optical coherence tomography, radiology exploration, magnetic resonance imaging, TDM), an anterior chamber optical coherence tomography (AC-OCT) prototype was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This working hypothesis was confirmed by this study: the crystalline lens rise must be considered as a new safety criterion for implanting Artisan phakic lenses. Indeed, the higher the crystalline lens's rise, the greater the risk of developing pigment dispersion in the pupil area. This complication is more frequent in hyperopes than in myopes. We can consider that there is little or no risk of pigment dispersion if the rise is below 600 microm; however, at 600 microm or greater, there is a 67% rate of pupillary pigment dispersion. In certain cases, when the implant was loosely fixed, there was no traction on the iris root. This is a complication that can be avoided or delayed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The crystalline lens rise must be part of new safety criteria to be taken into consideration when inserting an Artisan implant. This notion must also be applied to other types of phakic implants. The distance remaining between the crystalline lens rise and a 600-micromm theoretical safety level allows one to calculate a safety time interval.
authors.affiliation: Clinique Monticelli, 88, rue du Commandant Rolland, 13008 Marseille, France. g.baik.opht@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Baikoff
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bourgeon
authors.forename: H Jitsuo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Jodai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fontaine
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vieira Lellis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Trinquet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000867:Anterior Chamber; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000601:surgery; D019654:Lens Implantation, Intraocular; D007908:Lens, Crystalline; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009216:Myopia / Q000601:surgery; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D012168:Retinal Pigments / Q000502:physiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D012168:Retinal Pigments