title: A case control study of age related macular degeneration and use of statins.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in industrialised countries. Previous studies have suggested that statins may have a protective effect against the disease; however, existing studies have had limited power to reliably detect or exclude an effect and have produced conflicting results. The authors assessed the risk of AMD associated with the use of statins.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based case control study using the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. 18 007 people with diagnosed AMD were compared with 86 169 controls matched on age, sex, and general practice. The primary outcome was the odds ratio for the association between exposure to statins and AMD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude odds ratio for the association between any recorded exposure to statins and AMD was 1.32 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.48), but this reduced to 0.93 (95% CI 0.81 to 1.07, p=0.33) after adjustment for consultation rate, smoking, alcohol intake, body mass index, atherosclerotic disease, hyperlipidaemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, use of other cardiovascular drugs, and use of fibrates. There was no evidence that the risk varied by dose of statin, duration of use, or that the risk varied for individual statins.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the short and medium term statin use is not associated with a decreased risk of AMD. Whether subgroups of patients with specific forms of AMD (particularly choroidal neovascularisation) benefit from statin therapy remains a possibility.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK. liam.smeeth@lshtm.ac.uk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Smeeth
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Chakravarthy
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hubbard
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fletcher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005194:Family Practice; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008268:Macular Degeneration / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D019821:Simvastatin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D019161:Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; D019821:Simvastatin