title: Intraoperative pain responses following intraovarian versus mesovarian injection of lidocaine in mares undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare intraoperative pain responses following intraovarian versus mesovarian injection of lidocaine in mares undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  15 mares between 4 and 20 years old.
  
  
  METHODS
  Standard bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed. Prior to manipulation of the ovary, 2% lidocaine (10 mL) was injected into the ovary and saline (0.9% NaCI) solution (10 mL) was injected into the mesovarium on 1 side, with saline solution (10 mL) injected into the ovary and 2% lidocaine (10 mL) injected into the mesovarium on the other side. Presence (yes vs no) and severity (visual analogue scale) of pain were scored at 5 times (grasping of the ovary, dissection of the mesosalpinx, tightening of the first loop ligature, tightening of the second loop ligature, and transection of the ovarian pedicle) by 2 individuals blinded to treatment and each other's observations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During 4 of the 5 observation periods, significantly fewer mares had signs of pain following mesovarian injection of lidocaine, and during 2 of the 5 observation periods, visual analogue scale score was significantly lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that mesovarian injection of lidocaine is associated with significantly lower pain responses, compared with intraovarian injection, in horses undergoing laparoscopic ovariectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
authors.forename: Ellis G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Farstvedt
authors.forename: Dean A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology* / Q000601:surgery; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000662:veterinary; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine