title: [Tumor-associated prognostic factors of the plasminogen activator family: determination and clinical value of u-PA, t-PA, PAI-1, and PAI-2].
abstract: Proteolytic factors belonging t the plasminogen activator family (plasmin, u-PA, t-PA, u-PAR, PAI-1, and PAI-2), which usually are involved in blood clotting and degradation of blood clots, are also present in healthy and diseased tissue of the kidney, lung, liver, gastro-intestinal tract, breast, prostate, ovary, and brain. These factors are engaged in brain development, angiogenesis and vascular invasion, wound healing as well as in placenta development and embryogenesis. Plasminogen activators u-PA and t-PA, their inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2, and the u-PA-receptor (u-PAR, CD87) are often elevated in solid malignant tumour tissues compared to their normal counterparts. In breast cancer patients, an elevated tumour tissue extract antigen content of u-PA, PAI-1, and u-PAR is associated with increased tumour aggressiveness and poor prognosis; in contrary, an elevated content of t-PA and PAI-2 indicates a favourable prognosis. For clinical relevant determination of these proteolytic factors in tumour tissue extracts, only enzymo-immunometric tests (ELISA) are recommended. Enzymometric and enzymographic tests are actually conducted only in an experimental, preclinical context.
authors.affiliation: Klinische Forschergruppe, Frauenklinik der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 München.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mengele
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Harbeck
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Reuning
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Magdolen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmitt
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000032:analysis*; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2 / Q000032:analysis*; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000032:analysis*; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis*; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D017396:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 2; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator