title: Tannins and related compounds induce nitric oxide synthase and cytokines gene expressions in Leishmania major-infected macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: Some polyphenol-containing extracts (Pelargonium sidoides, Phyllanthus amarus) and representatives of simple phenols (shikimic acid 3- and 5-O-gallate), flavan-3-ols (epigallocatechin 3-gallate), proanthocyanidins (a hexamer) and hydrolysable tannins (corilagin, casuariin, geraniin) were studied for gene expressions (iNOS, IL-1, IL-10, IL-12, IL-18, TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha/gamma) by RT-PCR. All extracts and compounds were capable of enhancing the iNOS and cytokine mRNA levels in parasitised cells when compared with those in non-infected conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany. kolpharm@zedat.fu-berlin.de
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kolodziej
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burmeister
authors.forename: Weronika
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Trun
authors.forename: Oliver A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Radtke
authors.forename: Albrecht F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Kiderlen
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hatano
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Lai Yeap
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Foo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D018320:Leishmania major / Q000502:physiology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D015394:Molecular Structure; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013634:Tannins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D013634:Tannins; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase