title: Prevalence of cervical and intrauterine human papillomavirus infection in the third trimester in asymptomatic women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the prevalence and association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the cervix of pregnant women without visible signs of genital HPV infection undergoing cesarean delivery in the third trimester and to investigate a possible HPV transmission to the fetus.
  
  
  METHODS
  All women underwent cesarean delivery between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation. Cervical samples were taken prior to cesarean delivery. Furthermore amniotic fluid, placental tissue, and cord blood were sampled and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Hybrid Capture II test (Digene Corp, Beltsville, MD) was performed to detect HPV DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found that 56 (36.6 %) of 153 women were positive for HPV in the cervix. Logistic regression analyses showed a decrease of prevalence of HPV infection with increasing maternal age (P = .02). No HPV DNA could be detected in the amniotic fluid or cord blood, whereas eight placental specimens were positive for HPV DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The infection rate in women without clinical symptoms of HPV infection is high, but there was no HPV found in the amniotic fluid and in cord blood in women with subclinical infection in the third trimester.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vienna Medical School, Vienna General Hospital, Vienna, Austria. christof.worda@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Worda
authors.forename: Ambros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Gernot
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hudelist
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schatten
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leipold
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Czerwenka
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eppel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000821:virology; D002585:Cesarean Section; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D015995:Prevalence; D002577:Uterine Cervical Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology; D014591:Uterine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000821:virology