title: Effect of partial outlet obstruction on nitrotyrosine content and distribution within the rabbit bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evidence indicates that free radicals are etiological factors in obstructive bladder disease. However, it is not clear which species of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species mediate the damage. The current studies were designed to determine if partial outlet obstruction in rabbits results in the generation of nitrotyrosine (NT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen rabbits were separated into four groups of four. The rabbits in groups 1 and 2 underwent sham operation while rabbits in groups 3 and 4 underwent partial outlet obstruction. The rabbits in groups 1 and 3 were evaluated after 1 week of obstruction and the rabbits in groups 2 and 4 were evaluated after 2 weeks of obstruction. A separate group of four controls were evaluated simultaneously with the sham and obstructed rabbits. Four rabbits from each group were evaluated after 1 and 2 weeks of obstruction. Four control rabbits were also evaluated. Isolated strips were evaluated for contractile responses and NT content of the mucosa and muscle were quantitated by Western blot analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (1) The mucosa contains both 42 and 62 kD proteins exhibiting a strong nitrotyrosine signal; the muscle presents a signal only at 62 kD. (2) The sham operations had no effect on nitrotyrosine distribution or content. (3) The nitrotyrosine of both mucosal proteins and the muscle protein are increased in the 1 week obstructed bladder; whereas, only the 62 kD signal is increased in the two week obstructed bladder mucosa. (4) The contractile response to FS are reduced to a significantly greater degree than the responses to carbachol, KCl, or ATP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These studies clearly demonstrated that partial outlet obstruction in rabbits results in significant increases in nitrotyrosine within the bladder and may contribute to the contractile dysfunctions mediated by partial outlet obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY 12208, USA. levinr@acp.edu
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Levin
authors.forename: Canan Aldirmaz
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Agartan
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Leggett
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chichester
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neuman
authors.forename: Arnold
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D011817:Rabbits; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D001748:Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine