title: Occupational factors associated with low back pain in urban taxi drivers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urban taxi drivers differ from other professional drivers in their exposures to physical and psychosocial hazards in the work environment. Epidemiological data on low back pain (LBP) of this occupational group are very scarce.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine LBP in taxi drivers and its association with prolonged driving and other occupational factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analyzed the cross-sectional data from the Taxi Drivers' Health Study. Standardized instruments were used to collect information on personal factors, work-related physical and psychosocial factors and driving time profiles. LBP prevalence was assessed using the modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression models were employed for statistical analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1242 drivers, 51% reported LBP in the past 12 months, significantly (P < 0.001) higher than other professional drivers (33%) in Taiwan. After adjusting for the effects of demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, anthropometric measures and socioeconomic positions, we found that driving time >4 h/day [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 1.78; 95% CI 1.02-3.10], frequent bending/twisting activities while driving (adjusted OR 1.86; 95% CI 1.15-2.99), self-perceived job stress (POR 1.75; 95% CI 1.20-2.55), job dissatisfaction (POR 1.44; 95% CI 1.05-1.98) and registration type were the major occupational factors significantly associated with higher LBP prevalence in taxi drivers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have identified that long driving time and several physical and psychosocial factors are associated with high prevalence of LBP in taxi drivers. This should be further investigated in prospective studies. Future studies are needed to examine the potential adverse effects of prolonged exposure to low levels of whole-body vibration.
authors.affiliation: Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
authors.forename: Jiu-Chiuan
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Wen-Ruey
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Wushou
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Christiani
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001334:Automobile Driving; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015995:Prevalence; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration