title: Expression of p53 protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: relation to hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, angiogenesis and apoptosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is important in the control of transcription of several genes related to angiogenesis. We have previously reported that expression of HIF-1alpha correlates with venous invasion and clinical outcome in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. p53 has been reported to interact with HIF-1alpha and induce ubiquitin-mediated proteosomal degradation of HIF-1alpha. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether the expression of p53 is associated with that of HIF-1alpha.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of p53, HIF-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was examined in 81 archival surgical specimens of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue. CD34 and single-stranded DNA were used to evaluate angiogenesis and apoptosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Forty-seven of the 81 (58.0%) tumor specimens showed high levels of nuclear p53 immunoreactivity. Overexpression of p53 was observed in the early clinical stage of tumor development. Expression of p53 was not correlated with HIF-1alpha or VEGF expression, angiogenesis or apoptosis in esophageal carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that mutations in p53 play a role in carcinogenesis but not in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. HIF-1alpha may not only be regulated by p53 but also by other factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Molecular Science, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Yasuhiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitadai
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuwai
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hihara
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Toge
authors.forename: Kazuaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chayama
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018952:Antigens, CD34; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D014157:Transcription Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A