title: Microbial production of single-cell protein from deproteinized whey concentrates.
abstract: Deproteinized sweet and sour cheese whey concentrates were investigated for their suitability as substrates for the production of single-cell protein with Kluyveromyces marxianus CBS 6556 up to a 100-l scale. An important factor for gaining high cell concentrations was the use of the Crabtree-negative strain K. marxianus CBS 6556. Supplements such as trace elements, ammonium and calcium were required for the complete conversion of sweet whey concentrates into biomass, whereas sour whey concentrates had to be supplemented with ammonium, trace elements and vitamins. After improvement, biomass dry concentrations of up to 50 g l-1 could be reached with Yx/s values of 0.52 for sweet whey and of up to 65 g l-1 with Yx/s values of 0.48 for sour whey concentrates. The chemical oxygen demand of the whey concentrates were reduced by 80%. The cells were used for the analysis of amino acid and ash composition, showing a distinct increase of eight out of ten essential amino acids compared to sweet and sour whey protein and exceeding the World Health Organisation guidelines for valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine and tyrosine.
authors.affiliation: Universität Stuttgart, Institut für Bioverfahrenstechnik, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany. nadja.schultz@ciw.uni-karlsruhe.de
authors.forename: Nadja
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Schultz
authors.forename: Lifung
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Achim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hauck
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reuss
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Syldatk
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential / Q000032:analysis; D018533:Biomass; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003470:Culture Media / Q000737:chemistry; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D007716:Kluyveromyces / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000601:Amino Acids, Essential; D003470:Culture Media; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014131:Trace Elements; D014815:Vitamins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; C012551:single cell proteins; D002118:Calcium