title: Oral melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide for newly diagnosed patients with myeloma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug with strong antimyeloma activity. It is an effective treatment for multiple myeloma at disease recurrence and at diagnosis, both as a single agent and in combination with steroids or chemotherapy. No data are available on the association of thalidomide with oral melphalan and prednisone, still considered the standard treatment for elderly patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The feasibility and efficacy of the combination of melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide (MPT) have been valuated in 49 newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to European Bone Marrow Transplantation/ International Bone Marrow Transplantation Registry (EBMT/IBMTR) criteria, 18% of patients achieved immunofixation-negative complete disease remission (CR), 6% achieved immunofixation-positive near CR, 4% achieved a very good partial response, and 45% achieved a partial response, with a 50-89% reduction in monoclonal paraprotein. Six percent did not respond and 10% showed progressive disease. The median time to maximum response was 4 months. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of event-free survival and overall survival at 2 years were 64% and 91%, respectively. The major acute adverse events (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Grade III-IV) included thrombosis (20%), infections (12%), constipation (6%), and hematologic (22%) and neurologic (8%) toxicities. One patient died of pulmonary thromboembolism.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggested that MPT induced rapid and durable tumor responses with CR rates similar to those observed after autologous transplantation. Administration of prophylactic anticoagulant was required to prevent thromboembolism. MPT merits further investigation in randomized clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Divisione di Ematologia dell'Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Palumbo
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bertola
authors.forename: Pellegrino
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musto
authors.forename: Tommaso
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caravita
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Callea
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nunzi
authors.forename: Mariella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grasso
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Falco
authors.forename: Clotilde
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cangialosi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boccadoro
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013792:Thalidomide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D013792:Thalidomide; D008558:Melphalan; D011241:Prednisone