title: Alpha-fetoprotein expression is a potential prognostic marker in hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To characterize the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) positive and negative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven paraffin-embedded human HCC samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the following antigens: AFP, beta-catenin, p53, CD44, MSH-2, MLH-1, and HNF-4. The tumors were divided into two groups based on the AFP expression. The immunophenotypic data and important clinical parameters were studied between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one of the thirty-seven examined HCCs were AFP positive. Seven with nuclear p53 staining were AFP positive, while seven tumors with nuclear beta-catenin staining were AFP negative. CD44 staining and high histological tumor grade were more frequent among the AFP-positive HCCs. The other immunophenotypical and clinical parameters did not show statistically significant difference in their distribution between the AFP positive and negative samples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AFP expression in HCC correlates with unfavorable prognostic factors, while nuclear beta-catenin positivity is more common among the AFP-negative liver tumors. This observation supports the microarray data on in vivo human tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transplantation and Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest H-1086, Hungary.
authors.forename: Dénes
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Görög
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Regöly-Mérei
authors.forename: Sándor
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Paku
authors.forename: László
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kopper
authors.forename: Péter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nagy
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins