title: Factors affecting the maintenance stable warfarin dosage in Hong Kong Chinese patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Multiple factors can affect the anticoagulation effect of warfarin. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between different clinical factors and outcomes of warfarin therapy in Hong Kong Chinese patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the anticoagulation clinic of the Prince of Wales Hospital from 1 April to 31 December 2003. Clinical data collected included demographics, indications of warfarin, dietary vitamin K consumption, and drug-drug interactions. Blood samples were obtained for the genetic polymorphism analysis of CYP 2 C 9. Linear and multiple regression analysis were used for statistical analysis to determine the correlation between variables and the importance of various factors as the determinants of warfarin dosage requirement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 63 patients were recruited. The mean warfarin dosage was 3.30+/-2.23 mg/day. The warfarin dosage ranged from 0.75 to 12 mg/day. The mean age was 59+/-14 years old. Age, dietary vitamin K consumption, chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, smoking and drinking status were found to be factors statistically significant affecting warfarin dosage. We detected no single nucleotide polymorphism in CYP 2 C 9 exon 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Age, dietary vitamin K consumption, warfarin indication for atrial fibrillation, co-morbid with CHF, smoking and drinking status were found to be the factors that affected the warfarin requirement in Hong Kong Chinese patients. However, the genetic polymorphism in exon 4 of CYP 2 C 9 may not be associated with the warfarin sensitivity in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong. vivianlee@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Vivian W Y
authors.initials: VW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Joyce H S
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: You
authors.forename: Kenneth K C
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Chau
authors.forename: Mary M Y
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Waye
authors.forename: Gregory
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D044466:Asian People; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005091:Exons; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D019934:International Normalized Ratio; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014859:Warfarin / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D014859:Warfarin; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases