title: Peroxisomal proteomics, a new tool for risk assessment of peroxisome proliferating pollutants in the marine environment.
abstract: In an attempt to improve the detection of peroxisome proliferation as a biomarker in environmental pollution assessment, we have applied a novel approach based on peroxisomal proteomics. Peroxisomal proteins from digestive glands of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis were analyzed using 2-DE and MS. We have generated a reference 2-DE map from samples obtained in a well-studied reference area and compared this with peroxisomal proteomes from other sequenced genomes. In addition, by comparing 2-DE maps from control samples with samples obtained in a polluted area, we have characterized the peroxisome proliferation expression pattern associated with exposure to a polluted environment. Over 100 spots were reproducibly resolved per 2-DE map; 55 differentially expressed spots were quantitatively detected and analyzed, and 14 of these showed an increase in protein expression of more than fourfold. Epoxide hydrolase, peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme, and sarcosine oxidase (SOX) have been identified by ESI MS/MS, and acyl-CoA oxidase, multifunctional protein, and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase were immunolocalized by Western blotting. Our results indicate that a peroxisomal protein pattern associated to marine pollutant exposure can be generated, and this approach may have a greater potential as biomarker than traditional, single-protein markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Jia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mi
authors.forename: Amaia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Orbea
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Syme
authors.forename: Meftun
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Miren P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cajaraville
authors.forename: Susana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cristóbal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D049878:Mytilus / Q000737:chemistry*; D020025:Peroxisome Proliferators / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D020543:Proteome / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D020025:Peroxisome Proliferators; D020543:Proteome; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical