title: Vitex agnus-castus is a preferred host plant for Hyalesthes obsoletus.
abstract: Hyalesthes obsoletus Signoret (Homoptera: Cixiidae) is a polyphagous planthopper that transmits stolbur phytoplasma (a causative agent of "yellows" disease) to various weeds, members of the Solanaceae, and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in Europe and the Middle East. Planthoppers were collected by hand vacuuming eight native plant species. Vitex agnus-castus L., a shrub in the Verbenaceae, hosted the largest number of H. obsoletus, although Olea europaea L. also served as a host for adults. Using a Y-olfactometer, we compared the planthoppers relative preference for V. agnus-castus, Convolvulus arvensis, and V. vinifera. V. agnus-castus was more attractive to both male and female H. obsoletus than the other plants. H. obsoletus antennal response was stronger to volatiles collected from V. agnuscastus than from Cabernet Sauvignon variety of V. vinifera. To determine if V. agnus-castus would serve as a reservoir for the pathogen, H. obsoletus were collected from leaf and stem samples of native V. agnus-castus, and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of phytoplasma DNA. While 14% and 25% (2003 and 2004, respectively) of the insects tested positive for phytoplasma DNA, none of the plant samples tested positive. To determine if V. agnus-castus could serve as a host plant for the development of the planthopper, we placed emergence cages beneath field shrubs and enclosed wild-caught H. obsoletus in a cage with a potted young shrub. We found adult H. obsoletus in the emergence cases and planthopper nymphs in the soil of the potted plant. We concluded that V. agnus-castus is attractive to H. obsoletus, which seems to be refractory to phytoplasma infections and warrants further testing as a trap plant near vineyards.
authors.affiliation: Northern Research and Development, Kiryat Sh 'mona, Israel.
authors.forename: Rakefet
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sharon
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Soroker
authors.forename: S Daniel
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Wesley
authors.forename: Tirtza
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zahavi
authors.forename: Ally
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harari
authors.forename: Phyllis G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Weintraub
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007300:Insect Control; D007313:Insecta; D008297:Male; D045582:Phytoplasma / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010935:Plant Diseases; D010945:Plants, Edible; D020950:Vitex / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology; D027843:Vitis; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial