title: Performance level differences in swimming: a meta-analysis of passive drag force.
abstract: The streamline is a basic position for competitive swimming starts and turns and has been used in many studies on resistiveforces. However, there is a wide variety of theoretical interpretations in these studies, leading to diverse and questionable conclusions. The purpose of this study was to determine performance level differences in the streamline position using a meta-analysis. Faster swimmers had a significantly lower coefficient of drag (Cd) than slower swimmers, (M = .57, z = 4.30, p < . 001, SE = .13, 95 % CI = .32-.82) and, therefore, a more effective streamline position. The results support considering all the related variables in a study ofpassive drag and using the Cd to discriminate between performance levels in swimming.
authors.affiliation: Swimming Technology Research, Tallahassee, FL, USA. havriluk@swimmingtechnology.com
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Havriluk
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013550:Swimming; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis