title: Isolated testicular relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia - effective treatment with the modified CCG-112 protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The testes have been considered a sanctuary site for leukemic cells and testicular relapses used to account for a major proportion of the poor outcome of boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. With use of aggressive chemotherapy which includes intermediate or high dose methotrexate, the incidence of testicular relapses has declined. However once these patients have received cranial irradiation as a part of the front line protocol, high dose methotrexate needs to be avoided because of risk of developing leucoencephalopathy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study the use of non cross resistant chemotherapeutic agents along with a regimen containing lower doses of methotrexate in patients of isolated testicular relapse (ITR).
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective analysis of 12 consecutive patients with ITR treated with modified version of the CCG-112 protocol which consists of intensive systemic chemotherapy, cranial chemoprophylaxis along with testicular irradiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient died of regimen related toxicity. Two patients relapsed in the bone marrow during maintenance. Of the nine patients who completed treatment, eight are alive and in remission. One patient had a bone marrow relapse two months after completing treatment. The Kaplan Meier estimates give us an Event Free Survival (EFS) of 66.7% at 10 yrs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus, though the incidence is very low, patients with ITR should be treated aggressively since they have an excellent chance of achieving a long term EFS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Dr. Ernest Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
authors.forename: Goyal
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Shama
authors.forename: Roshni
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bhagwat
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Pai
authors.forename: Purna A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kurkure
authors.forename: Chandrika N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Purvish M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: Maryann A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mukaden
authors.forename: Shripad D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Banavali
mesh_terms: D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016026:Bone Marrow Transplantation; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D008727:Methotrexate