[UV-radiation--sources, wavelength, environment].
The UV-radiation in our environment is part of the electromagnetic radiation, which emanates from the sun. It is designated as optical radiation and reaches from 290-4,000 nm on the earth's surface. According to international definitions UV irradiation is divided into short-wave UVC (200-280 nm), medium-wave UVB (280-320 nm), and long-wave UVA (320-400 nm). Solar radiation which reaches the surface of the globe at a defined geographical site and a defined time point is called global radiation. It is modified quantitatively and qualitatively while penetrating the atmosphere. Besides atmospheric conditions, like ozone layer and air pollution, geographic latitude, elevation, time of the season, time of the day, cloudiness and the influence of indirect radiation resulting from stray effects in the atmosphere and reflection from the underground play a role in modifying global radiation, which finally represents the biologically effective radiation. The radiation's distribution on the body surface varies according to sun angle and body posture. The cumulative UV exposure is mainly influenced by outdoor profession and recreational activities. The use of sun beds and phototherapeutic measures additionally may contribute to the cumulative UV dose.
Hölzle
Erhard
E
Klinik für Dermatologie und Allergologie, Klinikum Oldenburg, Germany. hoelzle.erhard@klinikum-oldenburg.de
Hönigsmann
Herbert
H
D000397:Air Pollution; D001272:Atmosphere; D002648:Child; D018534:Earth, Planet; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves; D009790:Occupations; D010126:Ozone; D011701:PUVA Therapy; D010789:Phototherapy; D011187:Posture; D012621:Seasons; D012867:Skin / Q000528:radiation effects*; D012871:Skin Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D012993:Solar Energy; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects
D010126:Ozone