Prevalence of pathological gambling in Quebec in 2002.
OBJECTIVE
To assess gambling behaviours and the problems associated with pathological gambling among the adult population of Quebec in 2002.


METHODS
In Phase 1 of this 2-phase study, a total sample of 8842 adults was assessed. We used the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), adapted for telephone interview, to assess one-half of the sample; the other one-half was evaluated with the Canadian Problem Gambling Index (CPGI). In the study's second phase, we compared the classifications obtained from these screening instruments with classifications obtained by a psychologist using a semistructured clinical telephone interview.


RESULTS
The results indicate that the prevalence of pathological gambling in 2002 (at which time 0.8% of the adult population were classified as probable pathological gamblers) did not differ from the proportion obtained in 1996 (1.0%), despite the significant decrease in gambling participation in 2002 (81% vs 90% in 1996). The most popular gambling activities were buying lottery tickets (68%), participating in fundraising draws (40%), gambling in casinos (18%), playing cards with family or with friends (10%), playing bingo (9%), and playing video lotteries (8%). The findings obtained from the SOGS and the CPGI revealed that the 2 instruments perform similarly when identifying pathological gambling prevalence. However, the results of the semistructured clinical telephone interviews differed from the results obtained with the screening instruments: 82% of the gamblers initially identified as probable pathological gamblers by the SOGS or the CPGI were not confirmed by a clinical interview.


CONCLUSIONS
The discrepancy between the results of the screening questionnaires and the clinical evaluation is significant, and this difference needs to be addressed before further cross-sectional or longitudinal studies are conducted.
Ladouceur
Robert
R
Ecole de psychologie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec. Robert.Ladouceur@psy.ulaval.ca
Jacques
Christian
C
Chevalier
Serge
S
Sévigny
Serge
S
Hamel
Denis
D
D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011594:Psychometrics; D011792:Quebec; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012306:Risk