title: Clinical results of topical fluconazole for the treatment of filamentous fungal keratitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fungal keratitis is a rare but serious condition that may result in loss of vision. The potentially poor prognosis might be due to a delay in diagnosis and/or to limited treatment options. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients treated with topical fluconazole 0.2% for the treatment of filamentous fungal keratitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series. A chart review of all patients evaluated at the Ophthalmology Department of the Hospital de Clínicas in Paraguay from January 1997 to December 2000 identified 25 cases of fungal keratitis. Among these cases, one patient discontinued the treatment and another received amphotericin as the first line drug, resulting in 23 cases available for data analysis. Twelve patients were treated with topical fluconazole 0.2% alone (Group I) and 11 patients received a combination of topical fluconazole 0.2% and oral ketoconazole 200 mg twice daily (Group II).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen of 23 cases showed resolution of the keratitis, 9/12 (75%) in Group I and 7/11 (64%) in Group II. Seven patients (30%) did not respond to medical treatment and required a surgical procedure to preserve eye integrity. Superficial and small ulcers have a significantly better prognosis than do lrge and deep ulcers. Concomitant oral ketoconazole (400 mg/day) did not improve the clinical results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings of study suggest that topical fluconazole 0.2% is a safe and effective antifungal drug for the management of filamentous mycotic keratitis, particularly in cases that are not severe. The addition of oral ketoconazole to topical fluconazole did not improve the clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, Asunción, Paraguay. sonego@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sonego-Krone
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sanchez-Di Martino
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ayala-Lugo
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Torres-Alvariza
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Ta
authors.forename: Luciene
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Barbosa
authors.forename: Herminia Miño
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: de Kaspar
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015821:Eye Infections, Fungal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007634:Keratitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D007654:Ketoconazole / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole; D007654:Ketoconazole