title: Comparison of predictive accuracy of four prognostic models for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy: a multicenter European study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of the current study was to compare, in a large multicenter study, the discriminating accuracy of four prognostic models developed to predict the survival of patients undergoing nephrectomy for nonmetastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2404 records of patients from 6 European centers were retrospectively reviewed. For each patient, prognostic scores were calculated according to four models: the Kattan model, the University of California at Los Angeles integrated staging system (UISS) model, the Yaycioglu model, and the Cindolo model. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Discriminating ability was assessed by the Harrell c-index for censored data. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), and the secondary end points were cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease recurrence-free survival (RFS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At last follow-up, 541 subjects had died of any causes, with a 5-year OS rate of 80%. The 5-year CSS and RFS rates were 85% and 78%, respectively. All models discriminated well (P < 0.0001). The c-indexes for OS were 0.706 for the Kattan nomogram, 0.683 for the UISS model, and 0.589 and 0.615 for the Yaycioglu and Cindolo models, respectively. The Kattan nomogram was found to improve discrimination substantially in the UISS intermediate-risk patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study appears to better define the general applicability of prognostic models for predicting survival in patients with nonmetastatic RCC treated with nephrectomy. The results suggest that postoperative models discriminate substantially better than preoperative ones. The Kattan model was consistently found to be the most accurate, although the UISS model was only slightly less well performing. The Kattan model can be useful in the UISS intermediate-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Urology Unit, "G. Rummo" Hospital, Benevento, Italy. lucacindolo@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cindolo
authors.forename: Jean-Jacques
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Patard
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chiodini
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schips
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ficarra
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tostain
authors.forename: Alexandre
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de La Taille
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Altieri
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lobel
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Zigeuner
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Artibani
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillé
authors.forename: Claude C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Abbou
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Salzano
authors.forename: Ciro
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gallo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging / Q000379:methods; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome