title: Mildly oxidized low-density lipoprotein inhibits the in vitro induction of the specific antibody response to Candida albicans.
abstract: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and exerts pleiotropic effects on various cellular functions. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of mildly oxidized LDL (mLDL) on the induction and regulation of an in vitro specific antibody response. We found that mLDL significantly inhibited the induction of the anti-Candida albicans antibody response by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). mLDL-induced down-regulation of antibody production was abrogated by blocking the major receptors that bind and internalize modified LDL. In the mLDL-treated C. albicans-stimulated PBMC cultures an early increase in IL-1beta production was observed and the addition of anti-IL-1beta antibody abrogated the mLDL-induced inhibitory effect. Moreover, the addition of IL-1beta to the cultures inhibited the induction of the specific antibody response, similar to mLDL. On the other hand, mLDL up-regulated PWM-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production. In the same cultures IgM anti-mLDL was found. These results indicate that the up-regulation of IL-1beta production induced by mLDL may be involved in the hindering of B cell function, i.e., specific antibody production. This could be relevant in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299 00161 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Giordani
authors.forename: Benedetta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: Maria Giovanna
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Quaranta
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giacomini
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Libri
authors.forename: Rosaria
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Varì
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Masella
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Viora
mesh_terms: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000494:pharmacology; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000276:immunology*; D015536:Down-Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000908:Antibodies, Fungal; D018955:CD36 Antigens; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein