title: Process of adaptation to Spanish of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Scale. Self applied version (TEMPS-A).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Investigation of the predisposing factors for affective disorders has shown that measures to assess affective temperament are necessary. The TEMPS-A is a self-evaluation measure to assess four affective temperaments (hyperthymic, depressive, cyclothymic and irritable) and anxious temperament.
  
  
  METHODS
  The TEMPS-A questionnaire version that includes 110 questions has been adapted following the translation-backtranslation methodology, including two translations to Spanish and the classification of equivalence to English by an independent author.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study results indicated that a satisfactory translation was obtained, as indicated by the validation of equivalence by the bilingual consultant. All the items showed a perfect (A) or satisfactory equivalence (B).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The TEMPS-A, Spanish version, is an understandable questionnaire that is equivalent to the original version in English, that allows for the evaluation of affective temperaments.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Psiquiatría, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Programa de Trastornos Bipolares, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Moreno
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Barrantes-Vidal
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vieta
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martínez-Arán
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saiz-Ruiz
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akiskal
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Akiskal
mesh_terms: D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013030:Spain; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament