The combined contraceptive vaginal device (NuvaRing): a comprehensive review.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to review the development of NuvaRing over the past decade to illustrate its use-effectiveness and acceptance as an alternative contraceptive option for women.


METHODS
The data were extracted from the literature using computerised MEDLINE system. NuvaRing is a new combined hormonal contraceptive vaginal ring made of ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer, releasing 120 microg etonorgestrel and 15 microg ethinyloestradiol per day. This ring is inserted on any day from day 1 to day 5 of a menstrual cycle for 21 days, thereafter removed for 7 days ring-free period and discarded.


RESULTS
Complete inhibition of ovulation is observed during treatment with this device. Clinical exposure to NuvaRing for 1786 women-years has resulted in 21 pregnancies, giving a Pearl Index of 1.18. Withdrawal bleeding (4.7-5.3 days) is regular (97-99% of cycles) with rare incidence of irregular bleeding (2.6-6.4%). The cycle control is good with the use of this combined contraceptive vaginal ring. NuvaRing is well tolerated and accepted by women as compared to oral pill.


CONCLUSIONS
NuvaRing is an effective vaginal contraceptive option for women. However, further study is needed for monitoring its long-term effectiveness and impact on patient's quality of life since the NuvaRing is marketed in many countries.
Sarkar
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Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
D000328:Adult; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017135:Desogestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
D004338:Drug Combinations; C044815:etonogestrel; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D017135:Desogestrel