title: Analysis of DNA fragmentation of porcine embryos exposed to cryoprotectants.
abstract: The chemical toxicity of cryoprotectants to porcine embryos was examined by the evaluation of survival and DNA damage after exposure to cryoprotectants. Porcine blastocysts were exposed to 10% of ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2-propanediol (PD) or glycerol (GLY) for 1 h at room temperature (23-25 degrees C) and then cultured in vitro for 24 h. The survival rates of blastocysts exposed to PD and GLY were significantly lower than those of control blastocysts in which the embryos were exposed to carrier solution without cryoprotectants. Significantly more DNA-fragmented nuclei occurred in the cryoprotectant-exposed blastocysts, compared with the control blastocysts. Moreover, the indices of DNA-fragmented nuclei in the blastocysts without blastocoele re-formation after culture were significantly higher than those with blastocoele re-formation, irrespective of the exposure treatment. These results indicate that the exposure of porcine blastocysts to cryoprotectant decreases the survival rates and increases the DNA-fragmented nuclei in embryos.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rajaei
authors.forename: N W K
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Karja
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Agung
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wongsrikeao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sambuu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nii
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otoi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D019855:Ethylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D019946:Propylene Glycol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013552:Swine / Q000196:embryology* / Q000502:physiology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D019946:Propylene Glycol; D019855:Ethylene Glycol; D005990:Glycerol