title: HIV-1-infected macrophages induce astrogliosis by SDF-1alpha and matrix metalloproteinases.
abstract: Brain macrophages/microglia and astrocytes are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-1-associated dementia (HAD). To clarify their interaction and contribution to the pathogenesis, HIV-1-infected or uninfected macrophages were used as a model of brain macrophages/microglia, and their effects on human astrocytes in vitro were examined. The culture supernatants of HIV-1-infected or uninfected macrophages induced significant astrocyte proliferation, which was annihilated with a neutralizing antibody to stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha or a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor. In these astrocytes, CXCR4, MMP, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase mRNA expression and SDF-1alpha production were significantly up-regulated. The supernatants of infected macrophages were always more effective than those of uninfected cells. Moreover, the enhanced production of SDF-1alpha was suppressed by the MMP inhibitor. These results indicate that the activated and HIV-1-infected macrophages can indirectly induce astrocyte proliferation through up-regulating SDF-1alpha and MMP production, which implies a mechanism of astrogliosis in HAD.
authors.affiliation: Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Japan.
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D015526:AIDS Dementia Complex / Q000473:pathology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D015704:CD4 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000502:physiology* / Q000821:virology; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4 / Q000378:metabolism; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015704:CD4 Antigens; C515255:CXCL12 protein, human; D054377:Chemokine CXCL12; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D019718:Receptors, CXCR4; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D019716:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9