title: Cloning vectors and fluorescent proteins can significantly inhibit Salmonella enterica virulence in both epithelial cells and macrophages: implications for bacterial pathogenesis studies.
abstract: Plasmid vectors and fluorescent protein reporter systems are commonly used in the study of bacterial pathogenesis. Here we show that they can impair the ability of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to productively infect either cultured mammalian cells or mice. This has significant implications for studies that rely on these systems.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, NIAID, NIH, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840,USA.
authors.forename: Leigh A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Knodler
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bestor
authors.forename: Caixia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Imke
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hansen-Wester
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hensel
authors.forename: Bruce A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Vallance
authors.forename: Olivia
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Steele-Mortimer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000382:microbiology; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008264:Macrophages / Q000382:microbiology; D051379:Mice; D010587:Phagocytosis; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics*; D012480:Salmonella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins