title: When it is better to give than to receive: long-term health effects of perceived reciprocity in support exchange.
abstract: The authors examined esteem enhancement theory and equity theory in explaining the long-term health status of men (n = 178) and women (n = 575). Baseline characteristics were measured in 1990-1993, intimate reciprocity in 1993, and recorded sickness absences for a 9-year period during 1993-2001. Among women, giving more support than receiving in intimate relationships positively affected subsequent health status, as indicated by fewer sickness absences. Among men, receiving more support than giving predicted fewer absences. These effects remained even after significant covariates were included in the model. Thus, women seem to benefit from giving support in intimate relationships, and men seem to benefit from receiving support in intimate relationships. The findings on women are in line with the esteem enhancement theory. No support was obtained for the equity theory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland. ari.vaananen@ttl.fi
authors.forename: Ari
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Väänänen
authors.forename: Bram P
authors.initials: BP
authors.lastname: Buunk
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: Jaana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pentti
authors.forename: Jussi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006304:Health Status; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012649:Self Concept; D012737:Sex Factors; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012944:Social Support