title: Toxicity of leather tanning wastewater effluents in sea urchin early development and in marine microalgae.
abstract: This study was designed to investigate the composition and the toxicity of leather tanning wastewater and conditioned sludge collected at the leather tanning wastewater treatment plant (CODISO) located in Solofra, Avellino (Southern Italy). Samples were analyzed for their conventional parameters (COD, TSS, chromium and ammonia) and for metal content. Effluent samples included raw wastewater, and samples collected following coagulation/flocculation process and biological treatment. A set of toxicity endpoints were tested using sea urchin and marine microalgal bioassays by evaluating acute embryotoxicity, developmental defects, changes in sperm fertilization success and transmissible damage from sperm to the offspring, and changes in algal growth rate. Dose-related toxicity to sea urchin embryogenesis and sperm fertilization success was exerted by effluent or sludge samples according to the following rank: conditioned sludge > coagulated effluent > or = raw influent >> effluent from biological treatment. Offspring quality was not affected by sperm exposure to any wastewater or to sludge samples. Algal growth was inhibited by raw or coagulated effluent to a similar extent and, again, the effluent from the biological treatment resulted in a decreased toxicity. The results suggest that coagulated effluent and conditioned sludge result in higher toxicity than raw influent in sea urchin embryos and sperm, whereas the biological wastewater treatment of coagulated effluent, in both sea urchins and algae, cause a substantial improvement of wastewater quality. Hence a final biological wastewater treatment should be operated to minimize any environmental damage from tannery wastewater.
authors.affiliation: Salerno University, Department of Civil Engineering, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
authors.forename: Süreyya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meriç
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Nicola
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iaccarino
authors.forename: Marialuisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallo
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Gennaro
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morrone
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Warnau
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Belgiorno
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian; D056890:Eukaryota / Q000254:growth & development; D005306:Fertilization; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000196:embryology*; D013633:Tanning; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical