title: Synthesis, material properties, and biocompatibility of a novel self-cross-linkable poly(caprolactone fumarate) as an injectable tissue engineering scaffold.
abstract: A novel self-cross-linkable and biodegradable macromer, poly(caprolactone fumarate) (PCLF), has been developed for guided bone regeneration. This macromer is a copolymer of fumaryl chloride, which contains double bonds for in-situ cross-linking, and poly(epsilon-caprolactone), which has a flexible chain to facilitate self-cross-linkability. PCLF was characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Porous scaffolds were fabricated with sodium chloride particles as the porogen and a chemical initiation system. The PCLF scaffolds were characterized with scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed-tomography. The cytotoxicity and in vivo biocompatibility of PCLF were also assessed. Our results suggest that this novel copolymer, PCLF, is an injectable, self-cross-linkable, and biocompatible macromer that may be potentially used as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Esmaiel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jabbari
authors.forename: Shanfeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lichun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Gruetzmacher
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ameenuddin
authors.forename: Theresa E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Hefferan
authors.forename: Bradford L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Currier
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Windebank
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Yaszemski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry; D001698:Biomedical Engineering; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002470:Cell Survival; D002845:Chromatography / Q000379:methods; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005650:Fumarates / Q000737:chemistry*; D007267:Injections; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008956:Models, Chemical; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011522:Protons; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013696:Temperature; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001704:Biopolymers; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005650:Fumarates; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D011522:Protons; C506476:poly(caprolactone fumarate); C016240:polycaprolactone