title: Oral immunogenicity of a plant-made, subunit, tuberculosis vaccine.
abstract: Transgenic plants are a novel way to produce and deliver oral vaccines. Arabidopsis thaliana material shown previously to express the tuberculosis (TB) antigen ESAT-6 fused to the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) was fed to mice and the resulting immune response investigated. The plant-made LTB-ESAT-6 fusion protein induced antigen-specific responses from CD4+ cells and increased IFN-gamma production, indicating a Th1 response. In addition, a Th2 response was induced in the Peyer's patch. This is the first report of an orally delivered, subunit, tuberculosis vaccine priming an antigen-specific, Th1 response.
authors.affiliation: The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
authors.forename: M Manuela
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Rigano
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dreitz
authors.forename: Ana-Paula
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kipnis
authors.forename: Angelo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Izzo
authors.forename: Amanda M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Walmsley
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D002469:Cell Separation; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000276:immunology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000276:immunology; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D010581:Peyer's Patches / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000276:immunology*; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; C093276:ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; D004768:Enterotoxins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D032581:Tuberculosis Vaccines; C027538:heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli