title: Overnight catheter drainage in children with poorly compliant bladders improves post-obstructive diuresis and urinary incontinence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overnight catheter drainage (OCD) has been suggested as a treatment for boys with valve bladder syndrome as well as those with polyuric renal failure. We report our experience using overnight catheter drainage in children with poorly compliant bladders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1999 and 2004 OCD was initiated in 6 boys and 5 girls (median age 7.5 years) with poorly compliant bladders in whom aggressive daytime intermittent catheterization and anticholinergic use had failed. Etiologies of bladder dysfunction included posterior urethral valves in 1 case, The Hinman-Allen syndrome in 4, myelomeningocele in 2, neuroblastoma in 1, prune-belly syndrome in 1, transverse myelitis in 1 and sacral agenesis in 1. The amount of post-obstructive diuresis was calculated during urodynamics as the volume drained minus volume instilled divided by weight per hour. Other parameters evaluated included serum creatinine, degree of upper tract dilatation, and episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) and incontinence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median duration of OCD and followup was 28 months, respectively. One patient did not tolerate overnight drainage. Of 9 patients who were incontinent before OCD daytime urinary incontinence resolved in 6 and improved in 3. Recurrent febrile UTIs in 3 children were eliminated. Despite no change in serum creatinine with overnight drainage, 7 of 8 patients (88%) with upper tract dilatation improved on followup ultrasound.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In select children with poorly compliant bladders OCD reduces diuresis, reduces the frequency of UTIs, improves upper tract dilatation and improves continence. Overnight drainage in conjunction with daytime clean intermittent catheterization may prove to be an alternative to bladder augmentation in select children with poorly compliant bladders and early stages of renal compromise.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Christina L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Pavlock
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zderic
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canning
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014521:Urethra / Q000002:abnormalities; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D014546:Urinary Catheterization