title: Treatment of non-dipper hypertension with bedtime administration of valsartan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous results have indicated that valsartan administration at bedtime, as opposed to upon wakening, may improve the diurnal: nocturnal ratio of blood pressure without loss in 24-h coverage and efficacy.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the administration time-dependent antihypertensive efficacy of valsartan in non-dipper patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 148 non-dipper patients with grade 1-2 essential hypertension, aged 53.0+/-12.6 years, who were randomly assigned to receive valsartan (160 mg/day) as a monotherapy either on awakening or at bedtime. Blood pressure was measured every 20 min during the day and every 30 min at night for 48 consecutive hours before and after 3 months of treatment. Physical activity was simultaneously monitored every minute by wrist actigraphy to accurately calculate the diurnal and nocturnal means of blood pressure on a per subject basis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant blood pressure reduction after 3 months of valsartan (P<0.001) was similar for both treatment times (13.1 and 8.5 mmHg reduction in the 24-h mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure with morning administration; 14.7 and 10.3 mmHg with bedtime administration; P>0.126 for treatment-time effect). The diurnal: nocturnal ratio of blood pressure was significantly increased only when valsartan was administered before bedtime, which resulted in 75% of the patients in this group reverting to dippers, a significant increase in the percentage of patients with controlled blood pressure over 24 h, and a reduction in urinary albumin excretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In non-dipper hypertensive patients, dosing time with valsartan should be chosen at bedtime, for improved efficacy during the nocturnal resting hours, as well as the potential associated reduction in cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Bioengineering and Chronobiology Laboratories, University of Vigo, Campus Universitario, Vigo and Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. rhermida@tsc.uvigo.es
authors.forename: Ramón C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hermida
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calvo
authors.forename: Diana E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Ayala
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Covelo
authors.forename: Artemio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mojón
authors.forename: José E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: López
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D018660:Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000502:physiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014633:Valine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068756:Valsartan
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D013777:Tetrazoles; D000068756:Valsartan; D014633:Valine