title: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty patients with RA participated in 3 groups: recent onset active RA (n = 20), longstanding active RA (n = 20) and long-standing RA in remission (n = 10), and were compared with 20 healthy controls. The activity of the HPA-axis was assessed under basal conditions and in response to stress (insulin tolerance test, ITT). In addition, patients with recent onset RA underwent a corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) test and a dexamethasone suppression test. Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-6 were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Basal plasma, salivary and urinary cortisol levels and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels were not different between patients with RA and healthy controls. During the ITT, cortisol levels were consistently lower in RA patients than in healthy controls. ACTH levels during the ITT were not different between patients with RA and healthy controls. ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH were assessed only in patients with recent onset RA and were found to be within normal limits. Basal circulating plasma IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with active RA than in the other groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Under the standardized conditions of the ITT, patients with RA have decreased plasma cortisol levels compared to healthy controls, despite elevated levels of IL-6. The defect is probably located at the adrenal level and may be of pathogenetic significance for the development of chronic arthritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.eijsbouts@maartenskliniek.nl
authors.forename: A M M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Eijsbouts
authors.forename: F H J
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: van den Hoogen
authors.forename: R F J M
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Laan
authors.forename: A R M M
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Hermus
authors.forename: C G J
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Sweep
authors.forename: L B A
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: van de Putte
mesh_terms: D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis; D007030:Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010913:Pituitary-Adrenal System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D006854:Hydrocortisone