title: Consistent organization of glomeruli in the antennal lobes of related species of heliothine moths.
abstract: The glomeruli of the antennal lobes in insects reflect the organization of the olfactory system, which is important for species-specific behaviors in response to insect- and plant-produced odorants. We studied the antennal lobes of the polyphagous moth Helicoverpa armigera and the oligophagous H. assulta (Heliothinae; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) in order to see whether there are any anatomical differences that might elucidate how information about odorants is analyzed. Three-dimensional models of the antennal lobes were made, based on synaptic antibody staining combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy. These showed 65 glomeruli in each sex of H. armigera and 66 glomeruli in females of H. assulta. Sixty-two of the glomeruli were identified in both sexes and species and were given the same numbers. The sex-specific glomeruli included three macroglomerular units in H. armigera males, as well as three and four female-specific glomeruli in H. armigera and H. assulta, respectively. The species specificity of H. assulta females also appeared by the particular large size of two ordinary glomeruli. The accumulating knowledge on how biologically relevant information is encoded in receptor and antennal lobe neurons in heliothines makes these moths particularly interesting for studying the functional organization of the glomeruli. The anatomical atlases of the antennal lobes, as presented here, are prerequisites for identifying glomeruli ascribed to particular functions across sexes and species.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Unit, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7489 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Hanne Therese
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Skiri
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rø
authors.forename: Bente G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Berg
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mustaparta
mesh_terms: D000716:Anatomy, Artistic; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D017952:Ganglia, Invertebrate / Q000166:cytology*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008488:Medical Illustration; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009036:Moths / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D018034:Olfactory Receptor Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013045:Species Specificity