title: Persistence with overactive bladder pharmacotherapy in a Medicaid population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The management of chronic conditions, such as overactive bladder (OAB), is often limited by lack of patient adherence to medication. This article compares persistence rates among Medicaid patients who were prescribed 1 of 3 drugs for treatment of OAB: 2 long-acting agents with once-daily dosing, tolterodine tartrate extended-release capsules (tolterodine ER) and oxybutynin chloride extended release (oxybutynin ER), and oxybutynin immediate release (oxybutynin IR), requiring 3 tablets daily.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population was comprised of continuously enrolled Medicaid managed care patients filling prescriptions for tolterodine ER, oxybutynin ER, or oxybutynin IR between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2003. Patients taking any OAB drug in the first 6 months of their observed period of enrollment were excluded to capture new users only. Using survival analyses adjusted for age, sex, and race, the rates of persistence by drug were analyzed. Possession time, the degree to which patients keep medication available even though they may not be taking it daily as prescribed, was also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 1637 patients (75% women, 45% African American, 26% younger than 18 years of age), 182 were started on tolterodine ER, 215 on oxybutynin ER, and 1240 on oxybutynin IR. Only 32% of those taking oxybutynin IR and 44% of those taking either long-acting agent remained adherent past 30 days. Of those remaining after 30 days, the risk of nonadherence was higher for oxybutynin ER than for tolterodine ER (hazard ratio = 1.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-2.14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Persistence rates are better for patients taking drugs with once-daily dosing, but there is a need for a better understanding of non-persistent patients.
authors.affiliation: Center on Drugs and Public Policy, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, USA.
authors.forename: Fadia T
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Shaya
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blume
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zyczynski
authors.forename: Zhanna
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Jumadilova
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003408:Cresols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008484:Medicaid; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; D014481:United States; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001559:Benzhydryl Compounds; D003408:Cresols; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010665:Phenylpropanolamine; D000068737:Tolterodine Tartrate; C005419:oxybutynin