title: Antiviral therapy after non-surgical tumor ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma associated with hepatitis C virus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has led to a reduction in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The purpose of the present paper was to assess whether antiviral therapy might suppress tumor recurrence and influence overall survival in patients with HCV-related HCC who had complete ablation of nodules by non-surgical treatments.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with three or fewer nodules of HCV-related HCC who were treated with percutaneous tumor ablation and/or transcatheter arterial embolization received combined interferon (IFN; 3 or 5 million units of IFN alpha-2b thrice weekly) plus ribavirin (1000-1200 mg per day) therapy for 24-48 weeks after complete ablation of lesions. During the same period, an additional 40 age- and sex-matched control patients with similar characteristics of tumors (sizes, numbers and treatment modalities) and severity of liver disease were recruited from the HCC database. Both recurrence-free survival and actuarial survival were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 20 patients, 16 completed therapy and 10 showed a sustained response with normalization of alanine aminotransferase and negative HCV-RNA at 6 months after therapy completion. Due to severe side-effects experienced by Child B patients, who mostly discontinued antiviral therapy, clinical outcome was analyzed in the Child A treated (n = 16) and control (n = 33) patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of local recurrence in sustained responders compared with non-responders or control patients (P = 0.174, 0.1284, respectively); but the second recurrence-free interval in the sustained responders was significantly longer than that of non-responders and the control group (P = 0.0141, 0.0243, respectively). Survival in sustained responders was better than in non-responders and control patients (P = 0.0691, 0.0554, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that successful antiviral therapy after non-surgical tumor ablation for HCV-related HCC may lower tumor recurrence rate and prolong survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatogastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chao-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chuan-Mo
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jing-Houng
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hung-Da
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Tung
authors.forename: Chien-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sheng-Nan
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Lu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy* / Q000821:virology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000517:prevention & control; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; D000077190:Interferon alpha-2; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D012367:RNA, Viral; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012254:Ribavirin; D000410:Alanine Transaminase