title: Changes in the auditory evoked potentials index by induction doses of four different intravenous anesthetics.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many studies have investigated the electroencephalographic changes during the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. However, no comparative studies have been performed on the effects of intravenous anesthetics on the auditory evoked potentials index (AAI). The present study was performed to compare the changes in AAI caused by induction doses of thiopental, propofol, midazolam and ketamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty females, aged 30-70 years, referred for mastectomy, had anesthesia induced with thiopental 4 mg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg or ketamine 1 mg/kg (each 20 patients). The response to verbal command and the AAI were measured every minute for 5 min.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The AAI decreased to less than 40 within 1 min with thiopental and propofol. The AAI increased after 3 min with thiopental, but remained low with propofol. The AAI gradually decreased to less than 40 within 4 min with midazolam, but was higher than the AAI with propofol or thiopental. The AAI increased significantly with ketamine. The AAIs at the loss of verbal command were 19 +/- 7 with thiopental, 21 +/- 8 with propofol, 31 +/- 10 with midazolam and 92 +/- 2 with ketamine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The AAI correlated with changes in hypnotic level, as measured by the response to verbal command, with induction doses of thiopental, propofol and midazolam, but not with ketamine. The AAI decreased to lower levels with propofol and thiopental than with midazolam at the induction of anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. nishit-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008408:Mastectomy; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative; D011229:Preanesthetic Medication
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous