title: Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography of scrotal disorders in children: an update.
abstract: Ultrasonography (US) is well suited to the study of pathologic conditions of the scrotum in children. US provides excellent anatomic detail; when color Doppler and power Doppler imaging are added, testicular perfusion can be assessed. Gray-scale, color Doppler, and power Doppler US were used to study a spectrum of scrotal disorders in 750 boys aged 1 day to 17 years. The entities studied included processus vaginalis-related disorders (cryptorchidism, inguinal-scrotal hernia, and hydrocele); varicocele; acute scrotum (epididymo-orchitis, torsion of the testicular appendages, and testicular torsion); scrotal tumors; testicular microlithiasis; scrotal trauma; and systemic diseases with scrotal involvement. When combined with the results of clinical and physical examination, the information obtained with US is sufficient to enable diagnosis in most cases of scrotal disease. Moreover, color Doppler imaging is essential for differentiation between processes such as epididymo-orchitis or torsion of the testicular appendages and testicular torsion, which have similar clinical manifestations (pain, swelling, and redness) but are managed differently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Radiology, Vall d'Hebron Children's Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Celestino
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aso
authors.forename: Goya
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Enríquez
authors.forename: Marta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fité
authors.forename: Nuria
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Torán
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piró
authors.forename: Joaquim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Piqueras
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lucaya
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005832:Genital Diseases, Male / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012611:Scrotum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color