Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and ellagic acid in healthy volunteers fed freeze-dried black raspberries daily for 7 days.
Eleven subjects completed a clinical trial to determine the safety/tolerability of freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) and to measure, in plasma and urine, specific anthocyanins-cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside, as well as ellagic acid. Subjects were fed 45 g of freeze-dried BRB daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected predose on days 1 and 7 and at 10 time points postdose. Urine was collected for 12 hours predose on days 1 and 7 and at three 4-hour intervals postdose. Maximum concentrations of anthocyanins and ellagic acid in plasma occurred at 1 to 2 hours, and maximum quantities in urine appeared from 0 to 4 hours. Overall, less than 1% of these compounds were absorbed and excreted in urine. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters changed significantly between days 1 and 7. In conclusion, 45 g of freeze-dried BRB daily are well tolerated and result in quantifiable anthocyanins and ellagic acid in plasma and urine.
Stoner
Gary D
GD
Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1148 James CHRI, 300 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Sardo
Christine
C
Apseloff
Glen
G
Mullet
Dan
D
Wargo
Wayne
W
Pound
Vickie
V
Singh
Alpana
A
Sanders
James
J
Aziz
Robeena
R
Casto
Bruce
B
Sun
XiaoLi
X
D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D013997:Time Factors
D000872:Anthocyanins; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D004610:Ellagic Acid