title: Endangered plants persist under phosphorus limitation.
abstract: Nitrogen enrichment is widely thought to be responsible for the loss of plant species from temperate terrestrial ecosystems. This view is based on field surveys and controlled experiments showing that species richness correlates negatively with high productivity and nitrogen enrichment. However, as the type of nutrient limitation has never been examined on a large geographical scale the causality of these relationships is uncertain. We investigated species richness in herbaceous terrestrial ecosystems, sampled along a transect through temperate Eurasia that represented a gradient of declining levels of atmospheric nitrogen deposition--from approximately 50 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in western Europe to natural background values of less than 5 kg ha(-1) yr(-1) in Siberia. Here we show that many more endangered plant species persist under phosphorus-limited than under nitrogen-limited conditions, and we conclude that enhanced phosphorus is more likely to be the cause of species loss than nitrogen enrichment. Our results highlight the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms of phosphorus enrichment, and for a stronger focus on conservation management to reduce phosphorus availability.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute for Sustainable Development and Innovation, Utrecht University, PO Box 80115, 3508 TC Utrecht, The Netherlands. m.wassen@geo.uu.nl
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wassen
authors.forename: Harry Olde
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Venterink
authors.forename: Elena D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Lapshina
authors.forename: Franziska
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanneberger
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D017753:Ecosystem; D005060:Europe; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D010944:Plants / Q000378:metabolism*; D011156:Population Density; D012800:Siberia
chemical_list: D010758:Phosphorus; D009584:Nitrogen