title: Frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis of deep intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with reduction of hemorrhage volume and neurological improvement.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This is a phase-2 safety trial to demonstrate the ability of frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis of ICH to safely remove blood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with ICH in the deep basal ganglia and internal capsule of > 5 cc volume were consented to undergo computed tomographic imaging for frameless stereotactic guidance registration. Using the frameless stereotactic (CT) guidance, a 4-mm diameter catheter was inserted into the body of the hematoma using a frontal burr hole approach. The catheter was aspirated and then flushed with saline and aspirated to remove unclotted blood. After a confirmatory CT scan to localize the catheter, 1 mg of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) was infused into the clot, permitted to bathe the clot for 30 minutes, and then drained into a closed circuit collection system. t-PA was infused every 8 hours for 48 hours. A follow up CT scan was obtained at 48 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  28 patients with ICH (mean age 67.1) were admitted and underwent the procedure. Mean initial ICH volume was 54.6 cc +/-6 37.8. Mean time from onset to aspiration was 44 hours (range 7-180). Mean initial NIH Stroke scale (NIHSS) score was 24 (range 15-33). Compared with initial CT scan, there was a mean reduction of ICH volume by 77 +/-6 13% on final CT scan (p < 0.0002). Compared with initial NIHSS, the discharge mean NIHSS (16 +/- 6) was significantly improved (p < 0.001). There were no infectious, hemodynamic or neurologic complications. There were no episodes of symptomatic hemorrhagic enlargement and one case of asymptomatic bleeding along the catheter tract.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Frameless stereotactic aspiration and thrombolysis (FAST) of deep spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is a safe therapy that is associated with reduction in ICH volume, early improvement in NIHSS and potentially could be used to improve outcome.
authors.affiliation: University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, USA. Pvespa@mednet.ucla.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vespa
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: McArthur
authors.forename: Chad
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Kristine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Phelan
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Frazee
authors.forename: Chelsea
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kidwell
authors.forename: Jeffery
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Saver
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Starkman
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D023261:Glasgow Outcome Scale; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D038361:Neuronavigation; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013396:Suction / Q000379:methods*; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator