title: Salutary effects of androstenediol on hepatic function after trauma-hemorrhage are mediated via peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A recent study suggested that administration of androstenediol (Adiol) after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves hepatic functions; however, the mechanism responsible for the salutary effect of Adiol remains unknown. Although studies indicate similarities and association between the anti-inflammatory properties of Adiol and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), whether the salutary effects of Adiol are mediated via upregulation of PPARgamma remains unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and approximately 90 minutes of hemorrhagic shock (40 mm Hg), followed by resuscitation with 4 times the shed blood volume in the form of Ringer's lactate. Adiol (1 mg per kilogram of body weight, iv) was administered at the end of resuscitation. An additional group of rats were treated with PPARgamma antagonist (GW9662, 1 mg/kg ip) along with Adiol and the rats were sacrificed 5 hours thereafter.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic functions were markedly depressed and plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and endothelin-1 were markedly increased after T-H. DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B and AP-1, and gene expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1 in the liver also increased significantly. These parameters were attenuated by Adiol treatment. These effects were accompanied an increased DNA-binding activity of PPARgamma in T-H-Adiol-treated rats. Treatment of rats with GW9662 prevented the salutary effects of Adiol after T-H.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since blockade of PPARgamma prevented the salutary effects of Adiol on hepatic functions and proinflammatory factors, this finding suggests that Adiol mediated its salutary effects after T-H via the PPARgamma-related pathways.
authors.affiliation: Center for Surgical Research and Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294-0019, USA.
authors.forename: Tomoharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Szalay
authors.forename: Ya-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Hsieh
authors.forename: Mashkoor A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Choudhry
authors.forename: Kirby I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Bland
authors.forename: Irshad H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Chaudry
mesh_terms: D045930:Anabolic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015114:Androstenediol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000813:Anilides / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: C457499:2-chloro-5-nitrobenzanilide; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000813:Anilides; D019332:Endothelin-1; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D015114:Androstenediol; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C496318:Nos2 protein, rat