title: The split orbicularis myomucosal flap for lower lip reconstruction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the split orbicularis myomucosal flap and to review our center's experience with this technique for large defects of the lower lip.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients presenting to the senior author (Y.D.) for lower lip reconstruction using this flap were reviewed in a retrospective fashion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 14 patients with a minimum follow-up of 6 months (mean, 3.4 years; range, 6 months to 5 years) underwent lower lip reconstruction using the split orbicularis myomucosal flap from May 1999 to May 2004. Twelve of the defects arose as a result of cancer resection (squamous cell carcinoma [n = 8], basal cell carcinoma [n = 3], and melanoma [n = 1]), and 2 arose secondary to trauma. The defect crossed the vermilion in two thirds of the cases, extending for a variable distance onto the cutaneous portion of the lower lip. The defect size varied from 50% to 80% of the transverse dimension of the lower lip (mean, 68%) and involved the commissure in 4 patients. There were no flap failures, facial nerve palsies or paralyses, oral incompetence, or need for scar revision in any of our study population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The split orbicularis myomucosal flap is a reliable method of reconstructing significant defects of up to 80% of the lower lip with minimal risks of microstomia or functional impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA. yducic@sbcglobal.net
authors.forename: Yadranko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ducic
authors.forename: Rhagu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Athre
authors.forename: Christopher Spencer
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cochran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016896:Treatment Outcome