title: Diversity in domain architectures of Ser/Thr kinases and their homologues in prokaryotes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ser/Thr/Tyr kinases (STYKs) commonly found in eukaryotes have been recently reported in many bacterial species. Recent studies elucidating their cellular functions have established their roles in bacterial growth and development. However functions of a large number of bacterial STYKs still remain elusive. The organisation of domains in a large dataset of bacterial STYKs has been investigated here in order to recognise variety in domain combinations which determine functions of bacterial STYKs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using sensitive sequence and profile search methods, domain organisation of over 600 STYKs from 125 prokaryotic genomes have been examined. Kinase catalytic domains of STYKs tethered to a wide range of enzymatic domains such as phosphatases, HSP70, peptidyl prolyl isomerases, pectin esterases and glycoproteases have been identified. Such distinct preferences for domain combinations are not known to be present in either the Histidine kinase or the eukaryotic STYK families. Domain organisation of STYKs specific to certain groups of bacteria has also been noted in the current anlaysis. For example, Hydrophobin like domains in Mycobacterial STYK and penicillin binding domains in few STYKs of Gram-positive organisms and FHA domains in cyanobacterial STYKs. Homologues of characterised substrates of prokaryotic STYKs have also been identified.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The domains and domain architectures of most of the bacterial STYKs identified are very different from the known domain organisation in STYKs of eukaryotes. This observation highlights distinct biological roles of bacterial STYKs compared to eukaryotic STYKs. Bacterial STYKs reveal high diversity in domain organisation. Some of the modular organisations conserved across diverse bacterial species suggests their central role in bacterial physiology. Unique domain architectures of few other groups of STYKs reveal recruitment of functions specific to the species.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India. ananth.krupa@cancer.org.uk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krupa
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D020134:Catalytic Domain; D002455:Cell Division; D016678:Genome; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D007535:Isomerases / Q000737:chemistry; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009161:Mycobacterium / Q000201:enzymology; D009566:Nitrates / Q000737:chemistry; D010368:Pectins / Q000737:chemistry; D010406:Penicillins / Q000737:chemistry; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011387:Prokaryotic Cells; D011485:Protein Binding; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D010406:Penicillins; D014451:Ubiquinone; D010368:Pectins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D000071677:Histidine Kinase; D010744:Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; D007535:Isomerases