title: Blind and sighted pedestrians' judgments of gaps in traffic at roundabouts.
abstract: This paper reports two experiments about street crossing under conditions of free flowing traffic, with a focus on modem roundabout intersections. Experiment 1 was conducted at three roundabouts varying in size and traffic volume. Six totally blind and six sighted adults judged whether gaps in traffic were long enough to permit crossing to the median (splitter) island before the next vehicle arrived. Gap distributions and measures of judgment quality are reported. Overall, blind participants were about 2.5 times less likely to make correct judgments than sighted participants, took longer to detect crossable gaps, and were more likely to miss crossable gaps altogether. However, the differences were significant only at the two higher volume roundabouts. In Experiment 2, we evaluated the response of drivers to pedestrians with and without mobility devices (i.e., long canes, dog guides). The experiment was conducted at a single-lane roundabout, a midblock crossing, and a two-way-stop-controlled intersection. Site-specific characteristics appeared to have a greater impact on drivers' yielding than did a mobility device. Actual or potential applications of this research include the development of methods for assessing pedestrian safety and driver behavior as well as identifying intersections that may require modification in order to be accessible to blind pedestrians.
authors.affiliation: Department of Blindness and Low Vision Studies, Mailstop 5218, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA. david.guth@wmich.edu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Guth
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ashmead
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Long
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wall
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ponchillia
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001334:Automobile Driving; D001766:Blindness; D004779:Environment Design; D006804:Ergonomics; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008396:Maryland; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking