title: Arthroscopy of the shoulder.
abstract: The indications for joint arthroscopy continue to expand rapidly as technology advances. Surgeons and patients alike are realizing a progression of benefits related to lower morbidity associated with arthroscopic procedures supplanting open surgeries. However, it is important in each new application to critically evaluate the operative expertise, theoretical advantages, and actual outcome data before deciding the relative benefit of an arthroscopic procedure versus an open one. This is especially true for shoulder surgery because of the complex and restricted anatomical spaces available for insertion of an arthroscope. Additionally, orthopaedic surgeons are just now developing a clear understanding of the pathology of the glenohumeral joint and subacromial space, and the indications for intervention in these areas. Although the practice of shoulder arthroscopy is still in an early stage of development, it was actually first described by Burman in 1931. In his cadaveric studies, with instruments that look remarkably similar to ours today, he describes both the portal placements and the glenohumeral anatomy in some detail. It was Burman's opinion that the shoulder was the easiest and most consistent of all joints to visualize.
authors.affiliation: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Sports Medicine Center, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Buss
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Schaap