title: Repaglinide treatment amplifies first-phase insulin secretion and high-frequency pulsatile insulin release in Type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  First-phase insulin release and coordinated insulin pulsatility are disturbed in Type 2 diabetes. The present study was undertaken to explore a possible influence of the oral prandial glucose regulator, repaglinide, on first-phase insulin secretion and high-frequency insulin pulsatility in Type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 10 patients with Type 2 diabetes in a double-blind placebo-controlled, cross-over design. The participants were treated for 6 weeks with either repaglinide [2-9 mg/day (average 5.9 mg)] or placebo in random order. At the end of each treatment period, first-phase insulin secretion was measured. Entrainment of insulin secretion was assessed utilizing 1-min glucose bolus exposure (6 mg/kg body weight every 10 min) for 60 min during (A) baseline conditions, i.e. 12 h after the last repaglinide/placebo administration, and (B) 30 min after an oral dose of 0.5 mg repaglinide/placebo with subsequent application of time-series analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postprandial (2-h) blood glucose was significantly reduced by repaglinide after 5 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001). The fall in HbA(1c) did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). AUC(ins,0-12 min) during the first-phase insulin secretion test was enhanced (P < 0.05). In addition, glucose entrained insulin secretory burst mass and amplitude increased markedly (burst mass: repaglinide, 44.4 +/- 6.0 pmol/l/pulse vs. placebo, 31.4 +/- 3.3 pmol/l/pulse, P < 0.05; burst amplitude: repaglinide, 17.7 +/- 2.4 pmol/l/min vs. placebo, 12.6 +/- 1.3 pmol/l/min, P < 0.05) while basal insulin (non-pulsatile) secretion was unaltered. After acute repaglinide exposure (0.5 mg) basal insulin secretion increased significantly (P < 0.05). Neither acute nor chronic repaglinide administration influenced frequency or regularity of insulin pulses during entrainment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repaglinide augments first-phase insulin secretion as well as high-frequency insulin secretory burst mass and amplitude during glucose entrainment in patients with Type 2 diabetes, while regularity of the insulin release process was unaltered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Arhus Sygehus and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hollingdal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sturis
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gall
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Damsbo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pincus
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Veldhuis
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pørksen
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Juhl
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002219:Carbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012636:Secretory Rate
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002219:Carbamates; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D010880:Piperidines; C072379:repaglinide