title: Systematic review of the effects of n-3 fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  n-3 Fatty acids are purported to have health effects in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but studies have reported mixed results.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to synthesize published and unpublished evidence to determine estimates of the effect of n-3 fatty acids on clinical outcomes in IBD and whether n-3 fatty acids modify the effects of or need for treatment with other agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Computerized databases were searched for studies of n-3 fatty acids in immune-mediated diseases from 1966 to 2003. We also contacted experts in the nutraceutical industry to identify unpublished studies; however, none were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reviewers identified 13 controlled trials that assessed the effects of n-3 fatty acids on clinical, sigmoidoscopic, or histologic scores; rates of induced remission or relapse; or requirements for steroids and other immunosuppressive agents in Crohn disease or ulcerative colitis. Most clinical trials were of good quality. Fewer than 6 were identified that assessed the effects of n-3 fatty acids on any single outcome of clinical, endoscopic, or histologic scores or remission or relapse rates. Consistent across 3 studies was the finding that n-3 fatty acids reduce corticosteroid requirements, although statistical significance was shown in only 1 of these studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The available data are insufficient to draw conclusions about the effects of n-3 fatty acids on clinical, endoscopic, or histologic scores or remission or relapse rates.
authors.affiliation: Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA. maclean@rand.org
authors.forename: Catherine H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: MacLean
authors.forename: Walter A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Mojica
authors.forename: Sydne J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Newberry
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pencharz
authors.forename: Rena Hasenfeld
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: Wenli
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Lara G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Hilton
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Gralnek
authors.forename: Shannon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rhodes
authors.forename: Puja
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Khanna
authors.forename: Sally C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Morton
mesh_terms: D018849:Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015212:Inflammatory Bowel Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012008:Recurrence; D012074:Remission Induction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents