title: Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition and renal function in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term effects of oral creatine supplementation on renal function and body composition (fat and lean mass) in an experimental model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were supplemented with creatine (2 g.kg(-1) of food) for 10 wk in combination with treadmill exercise, 12 m.min(-1), 1 h.d(-1) (CREAT + EX, N = 12) or not (CREAT, N = 10), and compared with exercised animals without creatine supplementation (EX, N = 7) and CONTROL animals, N = 7. Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were measured by inulin and paraaminohippurate clearance, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the study (post), CREAT+EX presented higher lean mass and lower fat mass than CREAT, EX or CONTROL (349.7 +/- 19.7 vs 313.3 +/- 20.3, 311.9 +/- 30.8, 312.4 +/- 21.0 g and 5.7 +/- 2.3 vs 10.0 +/- 3.3, 9.8 +/- 1.5, 10.0 +/- 3.5%, P < 0.05, respectively). Post lean/fat mass ratio was higher than baseline only in CREAT + EX (18.9 +/- 7.2 vs 8.6 +/- 1.8, P < 0.05). Post BMD was significantly higher than baseline in all groups. GFR and RPF were lower in CREAT versus CONTROL (0.5 +/- 0.1 vs 1.0 +/- 0.1 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 vs 2.4 +/- 0.5 mL.min(-1), P < 0.05, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Creatine supplement in combination with exercise increased the proportion of lean mass more than EX or CREAT alone. The use of creatine alone induced an important and significant reduction of both RPF and GFR.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Larissa Gorayb
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Cássia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Toledo Bergamaschi
authors.forename: Marise
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazaretti-Castro
authors.forename: Ita P
authors.initials: IP
authors.lastname: Heilberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D003401:Creatine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000379:methods*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D009929:Organ Size; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012016:Reference Values; D017595:Renal Plasma Flow / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003401:Creatine