title: Clinical observation and mechanism study on treatment of senile dementia with Naohuandan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Naohuandan (NHD) in treating senile dementia (SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical study: Fifty-eight patients with SD, whose diagnosis conforms to the Diagnostic Standard of DSM-IV issued by American Association of Psychiatry, were enrolled and randomly assigned into two groups. The 30 patients in the treated group were treated with NHD, 4 capsules each time, 3 times daily. The 28 patients in the control group were treated with Piracetam, 1.6 g each time, 3 times daily. The therapeutic course for both groups was 3 months. The therapeutic efficacy was estimated and compared by comprehensive scores of memory and cognition, scores of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL). Experimental study: Rats were divided into the control group, the model group and the high-dosage and low-dosage NHD treated groups. The protective effect of NHD on the per-oxidative damage of hippocampal neurons in beta-amyloid protein induced SD model was observed and the related criteria were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical study showed that both NHD and Piracetam could improve the clinical symptoms of patients, the two medicines showing insignificant difference in total effective rate. But NHD was better in elevating MMSE score and lowering ADL score in patients than Piracetam (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Experimental study showed that (1) 24 and 72 hrs after modeling, the activity of SOD and GSH were lower and the level of MDA higher in the model group than those in the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Compared with the model group at the corresponding time points, in the high-dosage NHD group, SOD and GSH were higher, MDA was lower (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); but in the low-dosage NHD group, SOD at the 72nd hr was higher (P < 0.05) and MDA at 24th and 72nd hrs was lower (P < 0.01). And most of the criteria in the high-dosage NHD group was improved better than that in the low-dosage NHD group. (2) The survival rates of neurons in various groups were not different significantly (P > 0.05) 24 hrs after modeling, but that in the high-dosage NHD group was significantly higher than that in the model group (P < 0.01) and in the low-dosage NHD group 72 hrs after modeling (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  NHD is an effective Chinese herbal preparation for treatment of SD, and its mechanism is related with its inhibition on peroxidative injury and protection on neurons.
authors.affiliation: Department of TCM, The Second Hospital, Sun Yet-san University, Guangzhou. rongsenmeng@21cn.com
authors.forename: Rong-sen
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Qing-ming
authors.initials: QM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Chang-xiu
authors.initials: CX
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hong-ying
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Yu-tian
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione