Insights into the induced fit mechanism in antithrombin-heparin interaction using molecular dynamics simulations.
Heparin was isolated in the beginning of the 20th century and until today remains as one of the most important drugs able to interfere with the haemostatic process. Due to the side effects produced by heparin therapy, new promising drugs have been developed, as the synthetic pentasaccharide (synthetically derived from the sequence GlcN-GlcA-GlcN-IdoA-GlcN). The anticoagulant activity of this compound is based on potentiation of antithrombin (AT) inhibitory activity upon serine proteinases of clotting cascade, a mechanism based on the conformational modification of AT. In this context, we present here a molecular dynamics (MD) study of the interaction between the synthetic pentasaccharide and AT. The obtained data correctly predicted an induced fit mechanism in AT-pentasaccharide interaction, showing a solvent-exposed P1 residue instead of a hided conformation. Also, the specific contribution of important amino acid residues to the overall process was also characterized, both in (2)S(0) and (1)C(4) conformations of IdoA residue, suggesting that there is no conformational requirement to the interaction of this residue with AT. Altogether, the results show that MD simulations could be used to characterize and quantify the interaction of synthetic compounds with AT, predicting its specific capacity to induce conformational changes in AT structure. Thus, MD simulations of heparin (and heparin-derived)-AT interactions are proposed here as a powerful tool to assist and support drug design of new antithrombotic agents.
Verli
Hugo
H
Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, CP 15005, Porto Alegre 91500-970, RS, Brazil.
Guimarães
Jorge A
JA
D000494:Allosteric Regulation; D000495:Allosteric Site; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000991:Antithrombins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002240:Carbohydrate Sequence; D003198:Computer Simulation; D015195:Drug Design; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D006493:Heparin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D008024:Ligands; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009844:Oligosaccharides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013997:Time Factors
D000596:Amino Acids; D000991:Antithrombins; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D008024:Ligands; D009844:Oligosaccharides; D006493:Heparin