title: Tissue-engineered myocardial patch derived from extracellular matrix provides regional mechanical function.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Extracellular matrix (ECM), a tissue-engineered scaffold, recently demonstrated cardiomyocyte population after myocardial implantation. Surgical restoration of myocardium frequently uses Dacron as a myocardial patch. We hypothesized that an ECM-derived myocardial patch would provide a mechanical benefit not seen with Dacron.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using a canine model, a full thickness defect in the right ventricle was repaired with either Dacron or ECM. A third group had no surgery and determined baseline RV function. Eight weeks later, global systolic function was assessed by the preload recruitable stroke work relationship. Regional systolic function was measured by systolic area contraction (SAC), calculated by high density mechanical mapping. Tau was used to assess global diastolic function. Recoil rate and diastolic shear were used as measures of regional diastolic function. After functional data acquisition, tissue was fixed for histological evaluation. Global systolic and diastolic functions were similar at baseline and after ECM and Dacron implantation. Regional systolic function was greater in the ECM group compared with the Dacron group (SAC: 4.1+/-0.9% versus -1.8+/-1.1, P<0.05). Regional diastolic function was also greater in the ECM group (recoil rate (degrees sec(-1)): -44+/-7 versus -17+/-2, ECM versus Dacron; P<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed cardiomyocytes in the ECM implant region, a finding not seen with Dacron.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At 8 weeks, an ECM-derived tissue-engineered myocardial patch provides regional mechanical function, likely related to cardiomyocyte population. These results are in sharp contrast to Dacron, a commonly used myocardial patch.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
authors.forename: Paul V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Kochupura
authors.forename: Evren U
authors.initials: EU
authors.lastname: Azeloglu
authors.forename: Damon J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Sergey V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Doronin
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Badylak
authors.forename: Irvin B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Krukenkamp
authors.forename: Ira S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Glenn R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Gaudette
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D003971:Diastole; D004285:Dogs; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000637:transplantation*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D008422:Materials Testing; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D034421:Sus scrofa; D013599:Systole; D000267:Tissue Adhesions / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011093:Polyethylene Terephthalates