title: Randomized trial of letrozole following tamoxifen as extended adjuvant therapy in receptor-positive breast cancer: updated findings from NCIC CTG MA.17.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Most recurrences in women with breast cancer receiving 5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen occur after 5 years. The MA.17 trial, which was designed to determine whether extended adjuvant therapy with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole after tamoxifen reduces the risk of such late recurrences, was stopped early after an interim analysis showed that letrozole improved disease-free survival. This report presents updated findings from the trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Postmenopausal women completing 5 years of tamoxifen treatment were randomly assigned to a planned 5 years of letrozole (n = 2593) or placebo (n = 2594). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS); secondary endpoints included distant disease-free survival, overall survival, incidence of contralateral tumors, and toxic effects. Survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests. Planned subgroup analyses included those by axillary lymph node status. All statistical tests were two-sided.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a median follow-up of 30 months (range = 1.5-61.4 months), women in the letrozole arm had statistically significantly better DFS and distant DFS than women in the placebo arm (DFS: hazard ratio [HR] for recurrence or contralateral breast cancer = 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45 to 0.76; P < .001; distant DFS: HR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.43 to 0.84; P = .002). Overall survival was the same in both arms (HR for death from any cause = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.19; P = .3). However, among lymph node-positive patients, overall survival was statistically significantly improved with letrozole (HR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.98; P = .04). The incidence of contralateral breast cancer was lower in women receiving letrozole, but the difference was not statistically significant. Women receiving letrozole experienced more hormonally related side effects than those receiving placebo, but the incidences of bone fractures and cardiovascular events were the same.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Letrozole after tamoxifen is well-tolerated and improves both disease-free and distant disease-free survival but not overall survival, except in node-positive patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. pgoss@partners.org
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Goss
authors.forename: James N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Ingle
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martino
authors.forename: Nicholas J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Hyman B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Muss
authors.forename: Martine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Piccart
authors.forename: Monica
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castiglione
authors.forename: Dongsheng
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Lois E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: Kathleen I
authors.initials: KI
authors.lastname: Pritchard
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Livingston
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Davidson
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Norton
authors.forename: Edith A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Jeffrey S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Abrams
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: Joseph L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pater
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D000077289:Letrozole; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D009570:Nitriles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017698:Postmenopause; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis*; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014230:Triazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D009570:Nitriles; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D014230:Triazoles; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000077289:Letrozole