title: Expression of proline-rich Akt-substrate PRAS40 in cell survival pathway and carcinogenesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression of proline-rich Akt-substrate PRAS40 in the cell survival pathway and tumor progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effects of three key kinase inhibitors on PRAS40 activity in the cell survival pathway, serum withdrawal, H(2)O(2) and overexpression of Akt were tested. The expression of PRAS40, Akt, Raf and 14-3-3 in normal cells and cancer cell lines was determined by Western blot.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The PI3K inhibitors wortmannin and Ly294002, but not rapamycin, completely inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and PRAS40. The phosphorylation level of Akt decreased after serum withdrawal and treatment with the MEK inhibitor Uo126, but increased after treatment with H(2)O(2) at low concentration, whereas none of these treatments changed PRAS40 activity. 14-3-3 is a PRAS40 binding protein, and the expression of 14-3-3, like that of PRAS40, was higher in HeLa cells than in HEK293 cells; PRAS40 had a stronger phosphorylation activity in A549 and HeLa cancer cells than in HEK293 normal cells. In the breast cancer model (MCF10A/MCF7) and lung cancer model (BEAS/H1198/H1170) we also found the same result: PRAS40 was constitutively active in H1198/H1170 and MCF7 pre-malignant and malignant cancer cells, but weakly expressed in MCF10A and BEAS normal cell. We also discussed PRAS40 activity in other NSCLC cell lines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PI3K-Akt survival pathway is the main pathway that PRAS40 is involved in; PRAS40 is a substrate for Akt, but can also be activated by an Akt-independent mechanisms. PRAS40 activation is an early event during breast and lung carcinogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science, Anhui University School of Life Science, Hefei 230039, China. beihuang@163.com
authors.forename: Bei
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Gavin
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porter
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002070:Butadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; C484523:AKT1S1 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D002070:Butadienes; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D009570:Nitriles; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C113580:U 0126; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020123:Sirolimus