title: Cardiothoracic physiotherapy: levels of evidence underpinning entry-level curricula.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In theory, educational materials should reflect the underlying source and evidence base of the curricula. The purpose of the present study was to identify the levels of evidence represented within the cardiothoracic curricula in undergraduate (entry-level) physiotherapy programmes within Australia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a retrospective document review, all tertiary institutions providing entry-level physiotherapy programmes were invited to submit paper copies of course materials used during 2003 to the Centre for Allied Health Evidence (CAHE), University of South Australia. A single independent reviewer collated all references cited within the teaching materials and ranked each reference according to a hierarchy of evidence where systematic reviews were regarded as the highest level of evidence and expert opinion or case studies as the lowest level.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 974 references were cited within educational materials from the five participating universities. The number of references per university rangedfrom 71 to 256. Each ranking category was calculated as a percentage of the total number of references submitted by each university. All five universities demonstrated the same pattern of reference hierarchy where the lower levels of evidence represented approximately 70% of all references. Less than one per cent of all references were common to all five universities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although auditing references cited within education material does not reflect educational process, the results from the present study provide a baseline from which to review and create strategies to strengthen the evidence base of the cardiothoracic curriculum.
authors.affiliation: School of Health Sciences and Center for Allied Health Evidence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia. marie.williams@unisa.edu.au
authors.forename: Marie T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tucker
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lyndal
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maxwell
mesh_terms: D001315:Australia; D015706:Bibliometrics; D003479:Curriculum; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000193:education*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013896:Thoracic Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*