title: Dietary glycemic index and load, measures of glucose metabolism, and body fat distribution in older adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent evidence suggests that the rate of carbohydrate digestion and absorption may influence the development of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to examine associations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with predictors of type 2 diabetes in older adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study evaluated cross-sectional relations of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with measures of glucose metabolism and body fat distribution in participants of the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, a prospective cohort study of adults aged 70-80 y (n = 2248).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, dietary glycemic index was positively associated with 2-h glucose (P for trend = 0.04) and fasting insulin (P for trend = 0.004), inversely associated with thigh intramuscular fat (P for trend = 0.02), and not significantly associated with fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, or visceral abdominal fat. Dietary glycemic load was inversely associated in men with visceral abdominal fat (P for trend = 0.02) and not significantly associated with fasting glucose, 2-h glucose, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, or thigh intramuscular fat. In women, although dietary glycemic index and load were not significantly related to any measures of glucose metabolism or body fat distribution, the association between dietary glycemic index and 2-h glucose was nearly significant (P for trend = 0.06).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this cross-sectional study indicate an association between dietary glycemic index and selected predictors of type 2 diabetes in older adults, particularly in men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. nsahyoun@umd.edu
authors.forename: Nadine R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Sahyoun
authors.forename: Amy L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Alka M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Kanaya
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Koh-Banerjee
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kritchevsky
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: de Rekeneire
authors.forename: Frances A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Tylavsky
authors.forename: Ann V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Jung Sun
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tamara B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000145:classification / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D038321:Glycemic Index; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin