title: Inhibition of invasion, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by adenovirus-mediated transfer of antisense uPAR and MMP-9 in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
abstract: Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Conventional therapeutic treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have achieved only limited success. The overexpression of proteases, such as urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), is correlated with the progression of lung cancer. In the present study, we used a replication-deficient adenovirus capable of expressing antisense uPAR and antisense MMP-9 transcripts to simultaneously down-regulate uPAR and MMP-9 in H1299 cells. Ad-uPAR-MMP-9 infection of H1299 cells resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease of uPAR protein levels and MMP-9 activity as determined by Western blotting and gelatin zymography, respectively. Corresponding immunohistochemical analysis also showed that Ad-uPAR-MMP-9 infection inhibited uPAR and MMP-9 expression. As shown by Boyden chamber assay, Ad-uPAR-MMP-9 infection significantly decreased the invasive capacity of H1299 cells compared with mock and Ad-CMV (empty vector)-infected cells in vitro. Furthermore, Ad-uPAR-MMP-9 infection inhibited capillary-like structure formation in H1299 cells cocultured with endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner compared with mock- and Ad-CMV-infected cells. Ad-uPAR-MMP-9 injection caused the regression of s.c. induced tumors after s.c. injection with H1299 lung cancer cells and inhibited lung metastasis in the metastatic model with A549 cells. These data suggest that Ad-uPAR-MMP-9 shows its antitumor activity against both established and early phases of lung cancer metastases by causing the destruction of the tumor vasculature. In summary, adenovirus-mediated inhibition of uPA-uPAR interaction and MMP-9 on the cell surface may be a promising anti-invasion and antimetastatic strategy for cancer gene therapy.
authors.affiliation: Program of Cancer Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria, 61605, USA.
authors.forename: Jasti S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gondi
authors.forename: Chandramu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chetty
authors.forename: Subramanyam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chittivelu
authors.forename: Pushpa A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Joseph
authors.forename: Sajani S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lakka
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016373:DNA, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000517:prevention & control; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000517:prevention & control; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D016373:DNA, Antisense; C524898:PLAUR protein, human; C524899:Plaur protein, mouse; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D055293:Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9