title: Expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in breast carcinogenesis and its relation to HER-2/neu and p53 protein expression in invasive ductal carcinoma.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the successive steps of breast carcinogenesis and to determine its correlation with HER-2/neu and p53 expression in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-COX-2 antibody was performed in normal breast tissue, usual hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ, and invasive ductal carcinoma. Expression of COX-2 in invasive ductal carcinoma was correlated with immunohistochemical expression of HER-2/neu and p53 protein. COX-2 expression was found to be progressively elevated along the continuum from normal breast tissue to invasive ductal carcinoma (P<0.001). COX-2 expression significantly correlated with p53 and HER-2/neu protein expression (P<0.05 and P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, only TNM stage and elevated COX-2 expression correlated with survival. Our results suggest that COX-2 may be involved in the carcinogenesis of the breast and may be an independent prognostic indicator in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. HER-2/neu and p53 are likely to be involved in the regulation of COX-2 expression in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Science, Gwangju 501-746, Republic of Korea, and Department of Pathology, Deaconess Hospital, OK, USA.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Yoon
authors.forename: Y J
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Jaegal
authors.forename: Y D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Nam
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woo Juhng
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Min
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53