title: Biomimetic mineralization of partially bioresorbable glass fiber reinforced composite.
abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the biomimetic mineralization on the surface of a glass fiber reinforced composite with partially resorbable biopolymer matrix. The E-glass fibers were preimpregnated with a novel biopolymer of poly(hydroxyproline) amide, and further impregnated in the monomer system of bis-phenyl glycidyl dimethacrylate (Bis-GMA)--triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), which formed interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) with the preimpregnation polymer. After light-initiated polymerization of the monomer system, the rhombic test specimens (n = 6) were immersed in the simulated body fluid (SBF) with the bioactive glass for 24 h, and then the apatite nuclei were allowed to grow for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days in the SBF. The control test specimens (n = 3) were immersed in SBF without the bioactive glass. According to the scanning electron microscope (SEM), a mineral layer was formed on the surface of all the specimens, which were immersed with bioactive glass. The layer was thickened by the prolonged immersion time to a uniform layer. The Ca/P atomic ratio of the mineral varied between 1.30 and 1.54 as analyzed by the energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra gave signals for the mineral, which are characteristic of both bone-like apatite and orthocalciumphosphate. In conclusion, the mineral layer was formed on the surfaces of the specimens by biomimetic mineralization, the mineral being a mixture of bone-like apatite, orthocalciumphosphate and other calcium phosphates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Turku Biomaterials Centre, University of Turku, Institute of Dentistry, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 B, FIN-20520, Turku, Finland. marju.vakiparta@utu.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Väkiparta
authors.forename: A-P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Forsback
authors.forename: L V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Lassila
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jokinen
authors.forename: A U O
authors.initials: AU
authors.lastname: Yli-Urpo
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D001031:Apatites / Q000737:chemistry; D032701:Biomimetics; D001704:Biopolymers / Q000737:chemistry; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000737:chemistry; D001842:Bone and Bones; D005898:Glass / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D006909:Hydroxyproline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D008027:Light; D008422:Materials Testing; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008903:Minerals; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001031:Apatites; D001704:Biopolymers; D008903:Minerals; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; C009753:fiberglass; C020946:triethylene glycol dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D006909:Hydroxyproline