title: Hepatoprotective and antifibrotic effect of a new silybin-phosphatidylcholine-Vitamin E complex in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Silybin, the main active component of silymarin, has been reported to reduce hepatic fibrosis by 30% in bile duct ligated rats, whereas Vitamin E alone does not significantly modify liver damage and collagen deposition in chronic liver injury.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and the antifibrotic properties of a new silybin-phosphatidylcholine-Vitamin E complex, characterised by elevated oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, on rat hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine administration and by bile duct ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The complex was administered by gastric gavage at a dose of 250 and 75 mg/kg (as silybin and Vitamin E, respectively). Treatment with the complex was able to prevent the dimethylnitrosamine-induced loss in body and liver weight, as well as to reduce the degree of liver injury, as determined by alanine aminotransferase values and necroinflammatory score. This was associated with reduced hepatic stellate cells proliferation both after 1 and 5 weeks of treatment. Treatment with the complex reduced also hepatic stellate cells activation and collagen deposition. Treatment with dimethylnitrosamine induced an increase in alpha1(I) procollagen, TGF(beta1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and metalloproteinase 2 mRNA expression, which were significantly reduced by administration of the complex. In the bile duct ligation model, the administration of the complex was able to reduce hepatic stellate cells proliferation and activation, as well as collagen deposition and alpha1(I) procollagen mRNA expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that this new silybin-phosphatidylcholine-Vitamin E complex could be an interesting drug to be tested in patients with chronic liver disease.
authors.affiliation: Gastrointestinal Unit, University of Ancona, III Piano, Via Tronto 10, 60020 Torrette, Ancona, Italy. a.disario@univpm.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Sario
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bendia
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taffetani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Omenetti
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Candelaresi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marzioni
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Minicis
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D004338:Drug Combinations; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000032:analysis; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D004338:Drug Combinations; D010713:Phosphatidylcholines; D012838:Silymarin; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; C067772:IdB 1016; D014810:Vitamin E; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2