title: Impact of mitral valve regurgitation evaluated by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography on long-term outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is unclear if mild or moderate mitral valve regurgitation (MR) should be repaired at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). We sought to determine the long-term effect of uncorrected MR, measured by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), in CABG patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between May 1999 and September 2003, data were gathered for 3264 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG and had MR graded by intraoperative TEE. MR was graded on the following 5 levels: none, trace, mild, moderate, and severe. Patients who had severe MR or who underwent mitral valve surgery were eliminated from the analysis. The remaining patients were combined into the following 3 groups: none or trace, mild, and moderate MR. Preoperative and follow-up data were 99% complete. The median length of follow-up was 3.0 years. Multivariable analysis controlling for important preoperative risk factors was performed to determine predictors of death and death/hospitalization for heart failure. Increasing MR was a risk factor for death [hazard ratio (HR), 1.44; P<0.001] and death/heart failure hospitalization (HR, 1.34; P<0.01). When patients with moderate MR were eliminated from the analysis, mild MR was a risk factor for death (HR, 1.34; P=0.011) and death/hospitalization for heart failure (HR, 1.34; P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even mild MR, identified by intraoperative TEE, predicts worse outcomes after CABG. Revascularization alone did not eliminate the negative long-term effects of mild MR. CABG patients with uncorrected mild or moderate MR are at increased risk for death and heart-failure hospitalization; consideration for surgical repair or more aggressive medical management and follow-up is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27703, USA.
authors.forename: Jacob N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Schroder
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jonathan A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hata
authors.forename: Lawrence H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Muhlbaier
authors.forename: Madhav
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
authors.forename: Joseph P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Mathew
authors.forename: Donald D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Glower
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Peter K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Carmelo A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Milano
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D010656:Phenylephrine