title: Are the effects of the antidepressants amitriptyline, maprotiline, and fluoxetine on inhibitory avoidance state-dependent?
abstract: State-dependent learning (SDL) is a phenomenon in which the retrieval of newly acquired information is possible if the subject is in the same physiological state as during the encoding phase. SDL makes it possible to separate the effects of drugs per se on learning from the effects due to changes in drug state during the task. The present work was designed to investigate whether the antidepressants amitriptyline (30 mg/kg), maprotiline (25 mg/kg), and fluoxetine (15 mg/kg) produce SDL of the inhibitory avoidance conditioning in male and female CD1 mice. In three separate experiments, independent groups were used for each pharmacological treatment and for each sex using a 2 x 2 experimental design. The results do not show SDL in any of the drugs. In the case of amitriptilyline, the data can be attributed to a memorization deficit, while the maprotiline results are interpreted as simultaneously influenced by memorization deficit and performance facilitation due to motor impairment. Fluoxetine treatment did not produce any deteriorating effect on the conditioning. Drugs had some different effects on the performance of males and females, males showing a slightly higher deterioration than females with administration of amitriptyline and maprotiline. This study shows that these antidepressants affect the acquisition/consolidation but not the retrieval process in the inhibitory avoidance learning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Blasco Ibañez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain. carmen.arenas@uv.es
authors.forename: M Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Concepción
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vinader-Caerols
authors.forename: Santiago
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Monleón
authors.forename: Ana J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Martos
authors.forename: Estrella
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Everss
authors.forename: Aránzazu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferrer-Añó
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parra
mesh_terms: D000639:Amitriptyline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D001522:Behavior, Animal; D005260:Female; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008376:Maprotiline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D005473:Fluoxetine; D000639:Amitriptyline; D008376:Maprotiline