title: Serum hemoglobin level determined at the first presentation is a poor prognostic indicator in patients with lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anemia is observed in various malignancies including lung cancer and is recently considered to be a poor prognostic indicator. We investigated whether there is a correlation between anemia, other clinicopathologic factors, and survival.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively examined the clinical records of 611 patients with lung cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of those, 298 (48.8%) patients had anemia at the time of their first visit to our hospital. There was a significant correlation between anemia and age (p=0.0006) or ECOG performance status (p=0.0002), however, there was no correlation of anemia with gender, histological type, clinical stage, or serum level of lactate dehydrogenase. Survival was significantly shorter in 298 patients with anemia (median survival time (MST): 7.5 months) compared with 313 patients without anemia (MST: 11.8 months, p<0.0001). Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors using the Cox proportional hazards model revealed that anemia appeared to be an independent prognostic indicator.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anemia observed at the first presentation is an independent poor prognostic indicator in patients with lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aoe
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiraki
authors.forename: Tadashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katayama
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tabata
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kiura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ueoka
authors.forename: Mitsune
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins