title: Phase I pharmacokinetic study of S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The conversion rate of tegafur (a component of S-1) to fluorouracil (FU) differs in Asians and whites because of polymorphic differences in the CYP2A6 gene. S-1 with cisplatin is considered highly active in Japanese gastric cancer patients. Therefore, we initiated a phase I pharmacokinetic study of this combination in our gastric cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received cisplatin intravenously on day 1 and S-1 orally, twice daily, on days 1 to 21 every 28 days. At level 1, the S-1 dose was 25 mg/m2/dose (50 mg/m2/d), but it was increased by 5 mg/m2/dose for the next level. Cisplatin was administered at 75 mg/m2 (for levels 1 and 2) but was then reduced to 60 mg/m2 (level 1A). At every level, a cohort of three patients, which could be expanded to six patients, was studied. Maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) was determined based on the dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) in the first cycle. Patients with histologic proof of gastric adenocarcinoma and near-normal organ function were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixteen patients were enrolled. No DLTs occurred at level 1. However, DLTs occurred at levels 2 and 1A. The area under the curve for FU correlated significantly with DLT (P = .006) and grade 3 to 4 diarrhea (P = .004). Six partial responses were confirmed, including three at the MTD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the established MTD of S-1 plus cisplatin, the S-1 dose (50 mg/m2/d for 21 days) is lower in our study than in the Japanese study (80 mg/m2/d for 21 days). A multi-institutional phase II study of this active combination is currently accruing patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. jajani@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Jaffer A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Ajani
authors.forename: Josephine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Faust
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ikeda
authors.forename: James C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Anbe
authors.forename: Kelli L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Houghton
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Urrea
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002945:Cisplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D010094:Oxonic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D005641:Tegafur / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D011725:Pyridines; C079198:S 1 (combination); D005641:Tegafur; D010094:Oxonic Acid; D002945:Cisplatin