title: Body mass index and high-density lipoproteins in Cherokee Indian children and adolescents.
abstract: Native Americans are predisposed to insulin resistance and associated cardiovascular risk. Therefore, we studied whether BMI (body mass index) in a population of Cherokee children and adolescents is associated with HDL-C (HDL cholesterol), and the HDL particles Lp (lipoprotein) A-I and LpA-I:A-II. Subjects were grouped by BMI Z score quartiles within three gender-specific age brackets (5-9, 10-14, and 15-19 y) to examine for trends in lipoprotein and HOMA-IR (homeostasis index insulin resistance) values associated with adiposity and age. HDL-C decreased by BMI Z score quartiles in all three age groups for both genders. HDL-C, LpA-I, and LpA-I:A-II decreased with age in boys but not girls. Log HOMA-IR increased by BMI Z score quartiles in all three age groups for both genders. Linear regression modeling showed BMI Z score, triglyceride, and age to be associated with HDL-C, whereas HOMA-IR was associated with LpA-I:A-II but not with HDL-C or LpA-I. When waist circumference was substituted for BMI Z score in the same models, it was associated with HDL-C and both lipoprotein particles. In conclusion, adiposity is more associated with HDL-C lowering than with declines in the lipoprotein particles. HOMA-IR is less associated with HDL-C but may selectively influence LpA-I:A-II. Greater decreases in HDL-C, LpA-I, and LpA-I:A-II with age in boys is attributed to gender-specific hormonal changes. The early onset of HDL lowering in these Native American children and adolescents, particularly boys, warrants intervention strategies to prevent obesity and associated cardiovascular risk.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
authors.forename: Piers R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Blackett
authors.forename: Kathleen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Blevins
authors.forename: Martha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stoddart
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Quintana
authors.forename: Petar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Alaupovic
authors.forename: Elisa T
authors.initials: ET
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL