title: Activity of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against middle ear fluid pathogens obtained from Costa Rican children with otitis media.
abstract: For many years, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has been recommended as an alternative antimicrobial agent for the treatment of children with otitis media (OM). This study analyzed the in vitro activity of TMP-SMX against respiratory pathogens obtained from middle ear fluid of Costa Rican children 6-60 months of age with acute OM, recurrent OM, therapeutic failures and acute OM at risk for having a resistant pathogen. Between 2002 and 2003, a total of 124 middle ear fluid bacterial isolates were analyzed and compared with historic data from 1992 to 1997. A significant increase in the number of TMP-SMX Streptococcus pneumoniae (P = 0.00008)- and Haemophilus influenzae (P = 0.04)-resistant strains was observed during 2002-2003 when compared with strains from 1992-1997.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Atención Pediátrica, San José, Costa Rica. aarguedas@ped.net
authors.forename: Adriano
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Arguedas
authors.forename: Hernan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sierra
authors.forename: Carolina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soley
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Brilla
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003364:Costa Rica / Q000453:epidemiology; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D005260:Female; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010034:Otitis Media with Effusion / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination