title: Two-wave-band color-mixing binoculars for the detection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses: a simulation.
abstract: Visual inspection of wholesome and unwholesome chicken carcasses with a novel two-narrowband color-mixing technique for optically enhanced binoculars is simulated. From mean spectra of wholesome, airsacculitis (air-sac), cadaver, inflammatory process (IP), septicemia-toxemia (septox), and tumor chicken samples, 10 nm wave-band pairs are selected using color difference and chromaticness difference indices for simulation of multitarget and single-target detection. The color appearance simulation uses the CIECAM97s color appearance model. Results show that for multitarget detection, the wave-band pair of (454 nm, 578 nm) is able to differentiate all six chicken conditions. For single-target detection of wholesome, air-sac, cadaver, and tumor, the wave-band pairs of (449 nm, 571 nm), (441 nm, 576 nm), (458 nm, 576 nm), and (431 nm, 501 nm), respectively, easily distinguish the target condition from the other five conditions. For single-target detection of IP and septox, the wave-band pairs of (454 nm, 591 nm) and (454 nm, 590 nm), respectively, are able to differentiate the target conditions from wholesome and tumor conditions but have difficulty with the other chicken conditions. The two-color-mixing technique shows promise for use in small-scale processing plant environments to improve the visual inspection process.
authors.affiliation: Instrumentation and Sensing Laboratory, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Building 303 BARC-East, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
authors.forename: Fujian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Yud-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Kuanglin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002645:Chickens; D003116:Color; D004867:Equipment Design; D005513:Food Inspection / Q000295:instrumentation*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008460:Meat / Q000145:classification*; D008462:Meat-Packing Industry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis