title: Developmental overview of child and youth sports for the twenty-first century.
abstract: This article presents an overview of sporting participation for children and adolescents from psychological, physical, social, developmental, and historical perspectives. The following areas are reviewed: (1) normal developmental readiness and sporting participation; (2) benefits and risks of athletic participation for the child and adolescent; (3) self concept and sporting participation; (4) adverse psychophysiological and somatoform effects of sports; (5) interactional and systemic contributions to adverse physical and psychological effects; (6) a historical/social perspective of sport in the United States; (7) the current and future role of psychiatrists in conjunction with sports medicine physicians; (8) the sports psychiatry interview of the child, family, and coach; and (9) summary and future challenges.
authors.affiliation: Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science/University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA. robertoff@aol.com
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Tofler
authors.forename: Grant J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Butterbaugh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D041923:Adolescent Development / Q000502:physiology*; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D016487:Parenting; D010348:Patient Care Team / Q000458:organization & administration; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D011570:Psychiatry / Q000458:organization & administration; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012649:Self Concept; D013177:Sports / Q000266:history / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration; D013850:Thinking / Q000502:physiology; D014481:United States