title: Association analysis of a highly polymorphic CAG Repeat in the human potassium channel gene KCNN3 and migraine susceptibility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Migraine is a polygenic multifactorial disease, possessing environmental and genetic causative factors with multiple involved genes. Mutations in various ion channel genes are responsible for a number of neurological disorders. KCNN3 is a neuronal small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel gene that contains two polyglutamine tracts, encoded by polymorphic CAG repeats in the gene. This gene plays a critical role in determining the firing pattern of neurons and acts to regulate intracellular calcium channels.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present association study tested whether length variations in the second (more 3') polymorphic CAG repeat in exon 1 of the KCNN3 gene, are involved in susceptibility to migraine with and without aura (MA and MO). In total 423 DNA samples from unrelated individuals, of which 202 consisted of migraine patients and 221 non-migraine controls, were genotyped and analysed using a fluorescence labelled primer set on an ABI310 Genetic Analyzer. Allele frequencies were calculated from observed genotype counts for the KCNN3 polymorphism. Analysis was performed using standard contingency table analysis, incorporating the chi-squared test of independence and CLUMP analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, there was no convincing evidence that KCNN3 CAG lengths differ between Caucasian migraineurs and controls, with no significant difference in the allelic length distribution of CAG repeats between the population groups (P = 0.090). Also the MA and MO subtypes did not differ significantly between control allelic distributions (P > 0.05). The prevalence of the long CAG repeat (>19 repeats) did not reach statistical significance in migraineurs (P = 0.15), nor was there a significant difference between the MA and MO subgroups observed compared to controls (P = 0.46 and P = 0.09, respectively), or between MA vs MO (P = 0.40).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This association study provides no evidence that length variations of the second polyglutamine array in the N-terminus of the KCNN3 channel exert an effect in the pathogenesis of migraine.
authors.affiliation: Genomics Research Centre, School of Health Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. r.curtain@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Curtain
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundholm
authors.forename: Rod
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lea
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ovcaric
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: MacMillan
authors.forename: Lyn
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D005787:Gene Frequency; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated / Q000235:genetics*; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; D019680:Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
chemical_list: C406328:KCNN3 protein, human; D024681:Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated; D051640:Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels