title: Urethral polyps in prepubertal girls.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Urethral polyps in girls are included in the differential diagnosis of interlabial masses. Only 6 cases have been described in the English literature to date and etiology is uncertain. We present 5 more cases and review the literature. We also propose an etiology for urethral polyps in young girls and compare polyps between girls and boys as well as older females.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical records of prepubertal girls with urethral polyps seen at our hospital between 1980 and 2003, including operative reports and followup, were reviewed. A senior pathologist re-inspected the specimens to confirm the diagnosis. A MEDLINE search of urethral polyps was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified 5 girls 2 to 10 years old with urethral polyps. All girls presented with "vaginal" bleeding, 1 had recurrent urinary tract infections and vulvitis, 1 had urinary frequency, and 1 had painful voiding. The polyps were not site specific and were located in the distal, mid and proximal urethra. All polyps were excised and were found benign. Four girls were cured after 1 procedure, while in one girl the polyp reappeared. The patients were followed for 1 to 17 years and eventually became asymptomatic.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urethral polyps in prepubertal girls are probably benign. We suggest that the etiology of most of polyps in girls is similar to those in older females, that is a prolapsing urothelium that has evolved into a polyp.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Royal Children's Hospital, Douglas Stephens Surgical Research Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ben-Meir
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hutson
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011127:Polyps / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery