title: A novel DNA adjuvant, N3, enhances mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by HIV-1 DNA and peptide immunizations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The study was designed to evaluate a novel cationic lipid DNA adjuvant (N3) and its function for HIV-1gp160/rev DNA plasmid delivered intranasally. The primary N3/HIV-DNA plasmid immunizations were boosted intranasally with a gp41 peptide in a anionic L3 adjuvant. This novel prime-boost strategy of mucosal immunization provided a broad HIV-1 envelope specific immunity, and recognition of viruses of subtypes A, B and C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intranasal N3-adjuvanted gp160/rev DNA prime followed by one L3-peptide boosting immunization, induced broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 in the mucosa and systemically. The needle-free intranasal prime-boost strategy using two different adjuvant formulations reduced significantly the dose of DNA needed.
authors.affiliation: Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institutet, Department of Virology, SE-171 82 Stockholm, Sweden. Jorma.Hinkula@smi.ki.se
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinkula
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Devito
authors.forename: Bartek
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zuber
authors.forename: Reinhold
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Benthin
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Britta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wahren
authors.forename: Ulf
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schröder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160 / Q000276:immunology; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000032:analysis; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010455:Peptides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology*; D014621:Vagina / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D019302:HIV Envelope Protein gp160; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D010455:Peptides; D019444:Vaccines, DNA