title: Hypothermia in Iranian newborns. Incidence, risk factors and related complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence rate and factors associated with hypothermia in Iranian newborns and to discover the effect of hypothermia on neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected a random sample of 1952 neonates using a multistage sampling technique from February 2004 to February 2005 in University Teaching Hospitals in Iran. We measured repeatedly at different time points the rectal temperature of these newborns. At each time of measurement, those with rectal temperature <36 degrees C were considered as hypothermic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The obtained results showed that approximately one third of newborns became hypothermic immediately after birth. In addition, the regression analysis revealed that low birth weights, prematures, low apgar scores, infants of multiple pregnancies and those who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation had higher risk for being hypothermic. It was also found that hypothermia increases the risk of metabolic acidosis, jaundice, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, pulmonary hemorrhage and death, regardless of the newborn's weight and gestational age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an urgent need to train mothers and all levels of neonatal care staff to control this health problem in our country.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Farid
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zayeri
authors.forename: Anoshirvan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kazemnejad
authors.forename: Mojtaba
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ganjali
authors.forename: Gholamreza
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Babaei
authors.forename: Navid
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Khanafshar
authors.forename: Fatemeh
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Nayeri
mesh_terms: D001724:Birth Weight; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006785:Hospitals, University; D006801:Humans; D007035:Hypothermia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015994:Incidence; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011247:Pregnancy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D016019:Survival Analysis