title: Apoptotic markers on lymphocytes and monocytes are unchanged during single hemodialysis sessions using either regenerated cellulose or polysulfone membranes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is an increased rate of apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), but little is known about how different dialysis membranes may contribute to the process. We, therefore, studied the influence of two different dialysis membranes on apoptotic markers during HD.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 healthy controls and 8 patients on regular HD 3 times per week were enrolled in this cross-controlled study. Patients received HD using polysulfone and then regenerated cellulose dialysis membranes for one week each, sequentially. Serum was collected for C-reactive protein (CRP) detection; flow cytometry with dual antibody staining was used to measure the apoptotic markers Fas (CD95), FasL (CD 178) and TNF-R2 (CD120b) in T cells (CD3+), B cells (CD19+), and monocytes (CD14+) at 0, 15, 120 and 240 min after starting HD. We also measured total leukocyte numbers and differential white cell counts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hemodialysis patients revealed lymphocytopenia, monocytopenia, higher CRP levels and higher Fas and TNF-R2 expression on lymphocytes and monocytes at baseline when compared with normal controls. Leukocyte numbers, including neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, dropped significantly after 15 min of dialysis. There were no significant differences in Fas levels during hemodialysis on T and B lymphocytes or on monocytes. T lymphocyte FasL (CD 178) levels remained unchanged throughout the process. There was a significantly lower overall level of CD120b at 15 min of HD, whereas this marker was higher on monocytes after dialysis. There were no significant differences in the levels of apoptotic markers between the two membranes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that uremia itself contributes to PBMC apoptosis. The two different dialysis membranes used in this study did not influence apoptotic markers on PBMCs significantly, but increased TNF-R2 expression on monocytes during a single dialysis session.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: T N
authors.initials: TN
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Y F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D002482:Cellulose; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D005260:Female; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011108:Polymers; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013450:Sulfones; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors / Q000097:blood; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; C505661:FASLG protein, human; D053222:Fas Ligand Protein; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011108:Polymers; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D013450:Sulfones; D048069:Tumor Necrosis Factors; D019014:fas Receptor; C017662:polysulfone P 1700; D002482:Cellulose