title: Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although previous studies showed some benefits from dairy consumption with respect to obesity and insulin resistance syndrome, epidemiologic data on the association between dairy intakes and metabolic syndrome are sparse.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective was to evaluate the relation between dairy consumption and metabolic syndrome in Tehranian adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Dairy consumption and features of metabolic syndrome were assessed in a population-based cross-sectional study of 827 subjects (357 men and 470 women) aged 18-74 y. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to guidelines of the Adult Treatment Panel III. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for lifestyle and nutritional confounders was used in 4 models.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (+/-SD) consumption of milk, yogurt, and cheese was 0.7 +/- 0.2, 1.06 +/- 0.6, and 0.9 +/- 0.3 servings/d, respectively. Subjects in the highest quartile of dairy consumption had lower odds of having enlarged waist circumference [odds ratio (OR) by quartile: 1, 0.89, 0.74, 0.63; P for trend < 0.001], hypertension (OR by quartile: 1, 0.88, 0.79, 0.71; P for trend < 0.02), and metabolic syndrome (OR by quartile: 1, 0.83, 0.74, 0.69; P for trend < 0.02). The values of ORs became weaker after further adjustment for calcium intake.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dairy consumption is inversely associated with the risk of having metabolic syndrome. It seems that this relation is somewhat attributed to calcium.
authors.affiliation: Endocrine Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Leila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Azadbakht
authors.forename: Parvin
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mirmiran
authors.forename: Ahmad
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Esmaillzadeh
authors.forename: Fereidoun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Azizi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D007492:Iran / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary