title: The cost-effectiveness of 1% or less media campaigns promoting low-fat milk consumption.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of our study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of four strategies using components of 1% Or Less to promote population-based behavior change. 1% Or Less is a mass-media campaign that encourages switching from high-fat (whole or 2%) to low-fat (1% or skim) milk. Using a quasi-experimental design, campaigns were previously conducted in four West Virginia communities using different combinations of 1) paid advertising, 2) media relations, and 3) community-based educational activities. Telephone surveys and supermarket milk sales data were used to measure the campaigns' effectiveness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using data from the previously completed studies, we analyzed the cost of each campaign. We then calculated the cost per person exposed to the campaign and cost per person who switched from high- to low-fat milk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of paid advertising and media relations was the most cost-effective campaign, with a cost of 0.57 dollars per person to elicit a switch from high- to low-fat milk, and the combination of media relations and community-based educational activities was the least cost-effective campaign, with a cost of 11.85 dollars per person to elicit a switch.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Population-based campaigns using a combination of paid advertising and media relations strategies can be a cost-effective way to promote a behavior change in a community.
authors.affiliation: Center for Science in the Public Interest, Washington, DC, USA.
authors.forename: Margo G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Wootan
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Reger-Nash
authors.forename: Steve
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Booth-Butterfield
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising; D000818:Animals; D002755:Choice Behavior; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D015438:Health Behavior; D006266:Health Education / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008402:Mass Media / Q000191:economics*; D008892:Milk / Q000191:economics; D040241:Social Marketing; D014481:United States; D014903:West Virginia
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats