title: Improvements in symptom-limited exercise performance over 8 h with once-daily tiotropium in patients with COPD.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We have previously shown that tiotropium at 18 mug reduces lung hyperinflation and dyspnea during exercise and improves exercise tolerance in patients with COPD. The present study was designed to gain further insight into the duration of improvements.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study was conducted in 261 COPD patients (mean age, 62.5 +/- 7.4 years [+/- SD]; 189 men and 72 women; mean FEV1, 1.2 +/- 0.4 L [43 +/- 12.7% predicted]). On day 0 (first dose), day 21, and day 42 of treatment, pulmonary function tests were performed before and 1 h 20 min after dosing, followed by a constant work rate cycle ergometry test (75% maximum work capacity) to symptom limitation at 2.25 h after dosing. On day 42, an additional constant work rate cycle ergometry test was performed at 8 h after dosing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjusted mean (+/- SE) endurance time (ET) on day 42 was 803 +/- 40 s (tiotropium), vs 568 +/- 42 s (placebo) at 2.25 h after dosing (primary end point; treatment difference, 236 +/- 58 s; p = 0.0001) and 665 +/- 40 s (tiotropium) vs 494 +/- 42 s (placebo) at 8 h after dosing (treatment difference, 171 +/- 58 s; p = 0.0035). Adjusted mean dyspnea intensity at isotime on day 42 was 4.60 +/- 0.16 Borg units (tiotropium), vs 5.65 +/- 0.16 Borg units (placebo) at 2.25 h after dosing (p < 0.001), and 5.54 +/- 0.17 Borg units (tiotropium) vs 6.51 +/- 0.18 Borg units (placebo) at 8 h after dosing (p < 0.001). Adjusted mean pre-exercise inspiratory capacity (IC) on day 42 was 2.41 +/- 0.03 L (tiotropium) vs 2.19 +/- 0.03 L (placebo) at 2.25 h after dosing (p < 0.001), and 2.31 +/- 0.03 L (tiotropium) vs 2.16 +/- 0.03 L (placebo) at 8 h after dosing (p < 0.001). The significant increase in IC with tiotropium compared with placebo was maintained throughout exercise.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study confirms that tiotropium reduces lung hyperinflation at rest and during exercise, reduces exertional dyspnea, and improves symptom-limited exercise tolerance in COPD patients. Furthermore, this study shows that this improvement is present at 2.25 h and at 8 h after dosing after 6 weeks of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de l'Université Laval, 725 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada. francois.maltais@med.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maltais
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Darcy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marciniuk
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: Frank C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Sciurba
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kesten
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Donnell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D017079:Exercise Tolerance / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013997:Time Factors; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D012602:Scopolamine Derivatives; D000069447:Tiotropium Bromide