title: Modulation of amphetamine-induced dopamine release by group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist LY354740 in non-human primates studied with positron emission tomography.
abstract: Pharmacological evidence suggests that schizophrenia is associated with increased stimulation of dopamine (DA) D2 receptors. Recently, several groups have demonstrated that amphetamine-induced DA release is increased in schizophrenia, providing direct evidence for dysregulation of DA systems in this condition. In healthy volunteers, pretreatment with the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist ketamine increases amphetamine-induced DA release to levels similar to those observed in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, the dysregulation of DA function observed in schizophrenia might be secondary to NMDA hypofunction. In this study, the regulation of this response by glutamate (GLU) transmission was further characterized by using a metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptor group II agonist to inhibit GLU transmission. The amphetamine- (0.5 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.)) induced decrease in [11C]raclopride equilibrium-specific binding (V3'') was measured under control conditions and following pretreatment with the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 (20 mg/kg i.v.) in four baboons. Amphetamine reduced [11C]raclopride V3'' by 28+/-7% under control conditions. Following LY354740 pretreatment, amphetamine-induced reduction in [11C]raclopride V3'' was significantly enhanced (35+/-7%, p=0.002). The enhancement of the amphetamine-induced reduction in [11C]raclopride V3'' by LY354740 was not a simple additive effect, as LY354740 alone did not reduce [11C]raclopride V3''. In conclusion, the results of this study further document the involvement of GLU transmission in regulating the effect of amphetamine-induced DA release, and provide additional support to the hypothesis that the dysregulation of DA function revealed by the amphetamine challenge in schizophrenia might stem from a deficit in GLU transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. B.Berckel@VUmc.nl
authors.forename: Bart N M
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: van Berckel
authors.forename: Lawrence S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Kegeles
authors.forename: Rikki
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waterhouse
authors.forename: Ningning
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Dah-Ren
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yiyun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Rajesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Narendran
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Van Heertum
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Laruelle
mesh_terms: D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D015259:Dopamine Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D048530:Papio anubis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020891:Raclopride / Q000378:metabolism; D011869:Radioligand Assay; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000819:agonists / Q000187:drug effects; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D001643:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; D015259:Dopamine Agents; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018690:Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D018094:Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D020891:Raclopride; D000661:Amphetamine; C104753:eglumetad; D004298:Dopamine