title: Naturalistic, prospective study of glaucoma and ocular hypertension treatment in France: Strategies, clinical outcomes, and costs at 2 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively observe second-line treatment strategies, their clinical outcomes, and treatment costs in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OH) in France.
  
  
  METHODS
  Second-line patients were recruited from September 14, 1998, to December 20, 2000, in 37 centers and were followed for up to 2 years. Outcomes were numbers of and reasons for treatment changes, changes in clinical parameters (intraocular pressure (IOP) levels, visual field defects, and optic nerve excavation), and direct medical costs associated with glaucoma management. This article reports results of the final analysis of 2-year follow-up data for patients with at least two contacts with a study ophthalmologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data were analyzed for 346 patients and 672 treated eyes. Monotherapy was used as first-line therapy in 92.0% of eyes. Second-line treatment was initiated an average of 2.8+/-0.2 years after diagnosis, primarily due to insufficient IOP control (60.3%) and adverse drug reactions (18.3%). Relative risk (RR) (95% CI) for adverse drug reactions (ADR) under monotherapy was 1.00 (1.00-1.00) under beta blockers (n = 116) versus 0.40 (0.16-0.64) under latanoprost (n = 21), 2.30 under carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (n = 29), and 2.90 under adrenergics (n = 38); RR for ADR under combination therapy was 1.00 (1.00-1.00) for unfixed combinations without latanoprost (n = 66) versus 0.11 (0.00-0.22) for unfixed combinations of latanoprost + timolol (n = 3). Cardiac or pulmonary problems have been reported in 26.9% of patients. Persistency on initial therapy was 62.5% (95% CI 53.0-72.0) for latanoprost monotherapy versus 41.1% (34.8-47.4) for beta-blocker monotherapy and 43.6% (26.6-60.6) for the latanoprost + timolol combination versus 29.8% (15.2-44.4) for combination therapies that did not include latanoprost. Average daily cost for latanoprost monotherapy was similar to that for patients who failed beta-blocker monotherapy: latanoprost + timolol did not cost more than therapeutic combinations without latanoprost.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Insufficient IOP control and adverse drug reactions are the two main reasons for changing first-line treatment in patients with POAG or OH. After 2 years, second-line treatment with latanoprost, as monotherapy or combined with timolol, provides superior safety and persistency to treatment at an acceptable cost.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Ophtalmologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France. jfr3@wanadoo.fr
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Rouland
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Le Pen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Benhaddi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Piriou
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lilliu
authors.forename: P-A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Kenigsberg
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics*; D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000191:economics; D016527:Drug Costs; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009798:Ocular Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents