title: Occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in humans and animals in the Czech Republic between 2002 and 2004.
abstract: In the period between September 2002 and May 2004, a total of 6023 rectal swabs from humans in the Czech Republic were evaluated and 821 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated. Nine strains (1.1 %) were identified as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Two strains were VanA Enterococcus faecium, one strain was VanB Enterococcus faecalis and six strains were VanC Enterococcus casseliflavus. In total, 527 Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from poultry breeds of which 11 (2.1 %) were VRE. Most (54.5 %) were identified as VanA E. faecium. Cluster analysis of SmaI-generated macrorestriction patterns showed high variability in both human and animal VRE strains and no relatedness between strains from the two sources.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kolar
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pantucek
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bardon
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Luboslava
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cekanova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Michaela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kesselova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sauer
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Iva
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vagnerova
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic 2Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 3National Veterinary Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic 4Mikrochem s.r.o., Olomouc, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Dagmar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koukalová
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D002353:Carrier State / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002988:Cloaca / Q000382:microbiology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D018153:Czech Republic / Q000453:epidemiology; D016172:DNA Fingerprinting; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D010453:Peptide Synthases / Q000235:genetics; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D011200:Poultry / Q000382:microbiology*; D012007:Rectum / Q000382:microbiology; D020713:Vancomycin Resistance / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; C071437:VanA ligase, Bacteria; C079913:VanB protein, Enterococcus; C025651:CCCGGG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases; D015252:Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; D019729:Carbon-Oxygen Ligases; D010453:Peptide Synthases; C108395:VanC protein, Enterococcus