title: Delayed surgical fixation of fractured hips in older people: impact on mortality.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this project was to ascertain whether increasing delays from admission to surgical repair of hip fractures showed a direct relationship to mortality within the first postoperative year.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It has been recommended that surgical repair of hip fractures should be performed within 24 hours of admission in an effort to reduce postoperative mortality. A literature review of articles relevant to this directive revealed that previous research is conflicting in its findings, and fails to provide conclusive evidence on which to base this recommendation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a retrospective correlational design, Cox Multivariate Regression was used to analyse data from a sample of 381 patients admitted with hip fractures between September 2000 and March 2002. Exclusions from the total accessible population were made in an effort to control bias because of other factors that could contribute to mortality, resulting in 381 patients (64% of total population) being included in the study. All patients in the sample had an American Society of Anaesthesiologists score of 2 or less, were fit for immediate surgery, had an intracapsular or trochanteric fracture, had not had contralateral hip fracture in the previous 2 years, and had presented exclusively with a hip fracture.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no relationship between delayed surgery and postoperative mortality (P>0.05) when all other independent variables were controlled. Cognitive dysfunction and reduced prefracture mobility were both good prognostic indicators of increased mortality within the first operative year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is important that patients are adequately prepared and resuscitated before surgery is carried out. The nursing contribution to this is paramount. The findings also identify useful information for preparing patient's relatives in relation to prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Gloucester Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK. middlewilly@blueyonder.co.uk
authors.forename: Andy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jester
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016138:Walking