title: Predictors of long-term clinical response to interferon beta therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify clinical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biological markers predictive of long-term clinical response to interferon beta (IFN beta) therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight patients treated with IFN beta were followed over a 6-year period. Relapse rate and disability progression were evaluated throughout the study. We considered suboptimal clinical response to be either the presence of sustained disability progression, or more than two relapses. Baseline and 12-month demographic, clinical and MRI findings, as well as the development of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against IFN beta during the first year of therapy were analyzed as predictors of long-term clinical outcome.
  
  
  RESULTS
  "Black holes" on MRI were the best baseline predictor of disability progression (odds ratio [OR] 6.8; p < 0.001). At 1 year, both male gender (OR 4.9; p = 0.009) and NAbs (OR 7.3; p = 0.003) were independently associated with a high risk of developing subsequent disability. The presence of gadolinium enhancement, both at baseline (OR 4.7; p = 0.005) and on the 1-year MRI scan (OR 7.9; p = 0.002), was the unique variable associated with the number of relapses over the study period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variables assessable within the first year of treatment significantly influence relapse rate and disability progression in patients with RRMS treated with IFN beta. These findings may help clinicians to make decisions regarding therapy regimen over time, and highlight the need for a prognostic algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Neurological Sciences, La Sapienza University, viale dell'Università, 30, 00185 Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Tomassini
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paolillo
authors.forename: Pierluigi
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giugni
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prosperini
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gasperini
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bastianello
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pozzilli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009460:Neurologic Examination / Q000379:methods; D016017:Odds Ratio; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016899:Interferon-beta