title: Three cases of PICU sedation with isoflurane delivered by the 'AnaConDa'.
abstract: Prolonged sedation in the pediatric intensive care unit may be difficult because of tolerance, drug dependence and withdrawal, drug interactions and unwanted drug effects. We present three patients sedated with isoflurane via the Anesthetic Conserving Device, AnaConDa. AnaConDa is a modified heat and moisture exchanger that allows evaporation and delivery of inhalational anesthetics without an anesthesia machine, vaporizer or adapted ventilator. Two patients with abdominal complications and prolonged sedation for mechanical ventilation were converted to isoflurane sedation for several days. The third patient with refractory status epilepticus received isoflurane to treat epileptiform electroencephalogram activity. Patients weighing 40 and 30 kg were treated with AnaConDa placed at the Y-piece, while the patient weighing 20 kg was treated with AnaConDa in the inspiratory limb of the respiratory circuit. Adequate sedation was achieved with endtidal isoflurane concentration of 0.3-0.4%, while antiepileptic effect was achieved at a higher dose, 0.9%. Intravenous sedatives could be reduced or discontinued during isoflurane sedation. Inhaled sedation of isoflurane with AnaConDa was effective in these patients. It may provide an alternative in difficult cases needing prolonged sedation and should be evaluated further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden. peter.sackey@karolinska.se
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Sackey
authors.forename: Claes-Roland
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Martling
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Radell
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D007530:Isoflurane