title: Post-operative myocardial dysfunction does not affect the physiological response to early mobilization after coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An acute increase in oxygen demand can be compensated for either by increased cardiac index (CI) or increased oxygen extraction, resulting in reduced mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2). We tested the hypothesis that post-operative cardiac dysfunction may explain why oxygen extraction alone is increased during early mobilization after cardiac surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with a pre-operative ejection fraction > 50% were included in an open prospective observational study comparing the changes in SvO2 and hemodynamics during mobilizations immediately prior to surgery and on the first post-operative morning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mobilization induced an absolute reduction in SvO2 of 17.7 +/- 7.4% pre- and 19.0 +/- 5.5% post-operatively (NS). ANOVA for a series of measurements throughout the mobilization sequence identified no different effect on SvO2 between pre- and post-operative mobilizations (P = 0.567). The SvO2 level was reduced post-operatively resulting in a SvO2 during standing exercise of 55% before and 49% after the surgery (P < 0.01). Mobilization increased the heart rate (HR) and decreased the stroke volume index (SVI), leaving CI unchanged. This response was similar pre- and post-operatively (NS). Compared with pre-operative measurements, CI and HR increased post-operatively while SVI remained unchanged despite elevated cardiac filling pressures and reduced systemic vascular resistance. The left ventricular stroke work index was reduced, indicating reduced myocardial performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Myocardial function was reduced on the first morning after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), but during post-operative mobilization this reduction did not significantly influence the changes in CI or SvO2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia & Intensive Care, St Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway. Idar.Kirkeby-Garstad@medisin.ntnu.no
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kirkeby-Garstad
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Stenseth
authors.forename: O F M
authors.initials: OF
authors.lastname: Sellevold
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000097:blood; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004434:Early Ambulation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010092:Oximetry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D019095:Point-of-Care Systems; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D019344:Lactic Acid; D010100:Oxygen