title: A randomized study of serial telephone call support to increase adherence and thereby improve virologic outcome in persons initiating antiretroviral therapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is difficult, and methods to increase it are needed.
  
  
  METHODS
  We tested the impact of supportive telephone calls in an adherence substudy of a treatment trial. Subjects initiating antiretroviral therapy received either each site's usual adherence support measures or usual support measures and scripted serial telephone calls (16 calls during 96 weeks).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 282 subjects enrolled: 140 in the usual support measures group and 142 in the calls group. A total of 75% of expected calls were completed. Virologic failure occurred in 97 (34%) subjects: 52 (37%) of those in the usual support measures group and 45 (32%) of those in the calls group; time to virologic failure was not different (P=.32). In each group, >72% of subjects reported > or =95% adherence, with no difference between groups. Independent predictors of higher rates of virologic failure were <95% adherence, receiving the 4-drug regimen with nelfinavir, and female sex; older age was associated with decreased likelihood of virologic failure. Receiving the 4-drug regimen with nelfinavir, higher stress scores, older age, and higher call completion rates were independently associated with higher adherence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial telephone calls did not improve virologic outcome but had an impact on self-reported adherence.
authors.affiliation: University of Washington School of Medicine and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA. acollier@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Ann C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Collier
authors.forename: Heather
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ribaudo
authors.forename: A Lisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Mukherjee
authors.forename: Judith
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinberg
authors.forename: Margaret A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Fischl
authors.forename: Margaret
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chesney
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D019983:Guideline Adherence; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010349:Patient Compliance; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations