title: The artAB genes encode a putative ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104.
abstract: Many bacterial pathogens encode ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins. The authors identified an ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue (ArtA, ArtB) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) DT104. ArtA is most homologous to a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit present in Salmonella typhi (STY1890) and Salmonella paratyphi A (SPA1609), while ArtB shows homology to a hypothetical periplasmic protein of S. typhi (STY1364) and S. paratyphi A (SPA1188), and a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit in S. typhi (STY1891) and S. paratyphi A (SPA1610). The artA gene was detected from the phage particle fraction upon mitomycin C induction, and the flanking region of artAB contains a prophage-like sequence, suggesting that these putative toxin genes reside within a prophage. Southern blotting analysis revealed that artA is conserved in 12 confirmed DT104 strains and in four related strains which are not phage-typed but are classified into the same group as DT104 by both amplified-fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Except for one strain, NCTC 73, all 13 S. typhimurium strains which were classified into different groups from that of DT104 lacked the artA locus. The results suggest that phage-mediated recombination has resulted in the acquisition of art genes in S. typhimurium DT104 strains.
authors.affiliation: Nemuro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Betsukaimidorimachi-69, Betsukai, Notsukegun 086-0214, Japan.|Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saitoh
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishimori
authors.affiliation: Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: Sou-Ichi
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kanno
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Ryoko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hatama
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Rie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishima
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshiya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sameshima
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Muneo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakazawa
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.affiliation: Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uchida
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012483:Salmonella Phages / Q000235:genetics*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases