title: Direct modulation of Kir channel gating by membrane phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate.
abstract: Multiple ion channels have now been shown to be regulated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. However, direct evidence for a specific interaction between phosphoinositides and ion channels is critically lacking. We reconstituted pure KirBac1.1 and KcsA protein into liposomes of defined composition (3:1 phosphatidylethanolamine:phosphatidylglycerol) and examined channel activity using a 86Rb+ uptake assay. We demonstrate direct modulation by PIP2 of KirBac1.1 but not KcsA activity. In marked contrast to activation of eukaryotic Kir channels by PIP2, KirBac1.1 is inhibited by PIP2 incorporated in the membrane (K(1/2) = 0.3 mol %). The dependence of inhibition on the number of phosphate groups and requirement for a lipid tail matches that for activation of eukaryotic Kir channels, suggesting a fundamentally similar interaction mechanism. The data exclude the possibility of indirect modulation via cytoskeletal or other intermediary elements and establish a direct interaction of the channel with PIP2 in the membrane.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Decha
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Enkvetchakul
authors.forename: Iana
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jeliazkova
authors.forename: Colin G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Nichols
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006639:Histidine / Q000737:chemistry; D007477:Ions; D007700:Kinetics; D008081:Liposomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008823:Micelles; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D007477:Ions; C504448:KcsA protein, Streptomyces coelicolor; D008081:Liposomes; D008823:Micelles; D010710:Phosphates; D019269:Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate; D018129:Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates; D015221:Potassium Channels; D024661:Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; D024642:Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated; D012414:Rubidium Radioisotopes; D006639:Histidine