title: Levosimendan improves hemodynamics and coronary flow reserve after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positive inotropic agents may be associated with increasing myocardial ischemia or malignant arrhythmias. Levosimendan, a new calcium sensitizer, with its little effect on myocardial oxygen demand is better tolerated by patients with acute coronary syndromes. We evaluated the acute effects of levosimendan on hemodynamics and coronary flow velocities in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with AMI and LV dysfunction undergoing primary PCI were randomized to intravenous infusion of levosimendan (10 minutes bolus with 12 microg/kg followed by 0.1 microg/kg per minute for 24 hours) or placebo, 10 minutes after a primary PCI. Evaluation of hemodynamics and of coronary flow reserve (CFR) were performed at baseline and after bolus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six consecutive patients (mean age 57 +/- 5.4 years, 18 males) were included into the study. At baseline, mean values of hemodynamics and coronary flow velocities were comparable between groups. After bolus, patients with levosimendan (n = 12) showed a significant decrease of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (from 24 to 19 mm Hg) and a significant increase of cardiac index (from 1.8 to 2.4 L/m2 per minute) resulting in a significant decrease of systemic vascular resistance (from 1366 to 1075 [dyne . s]/cm2). Moreover, CFR on infarct-related artery and on reference vessel significantly improved in patients treated with levosimendan (from 1.6 to 2.0 and from 2.1 to 2.4, respectively). On the other hand, no statistically significant changes have been observed in the placebo group (n = 14).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levosimendan, given intravenously after a PCI procedure in patients with AMI and LV dysfunction, significantly improves hemodynamics and CFR, compared with placebo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy. leodeluca@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Leonardo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Luca
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Proietti
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Celotto
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bucciarelli-Ducci
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benedetti
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Roma
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sardella
authors.forename: Igino
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Genuini
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fedele
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D006835:Hydrazones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011724:Pyridazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077464:Simendan; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D006835:Hydrazones; D011724:Pyridazines; D000077464:Simendan