title: In vitro fertilization (IVF) versus gonadotropins followed by IVF as treatment for primary infertility: a cost-based decision analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the economic consequences of proceeding directly to IVF to those of proceeding with gonadotropins followed by IVF in patients <35 years of age with unexplained infertility.
  
  
  METHODS
  A decision-tree model. The model incorporated the cost and success of each infertility regimen as well as the pregnancy-associated costs of singleton or multiple gestations and the risk and cost of cerebral palsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cost per live birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both treatment arms resulted in a >80% chance of birth. The gonadotropin arm was over four times more likely to result in a high-order multiple pregnancy (HOMP). Despite this, when the base case estimates were utilized, immediate IVF emerged as more costly per live birth. In sensitivity analysis, immediate IVF became less costly per live birth when IVF was more likely to achieve birth (55.1%) or cheaper (11,432 dollars) than our base case assumptions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After considering the risk and cost of HOMP, immediate IVF is more costly per live birth than a trial of gonadotropins prior to IVF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Hospital of University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. skalra@obgyn.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Suleena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kansal-Kalra
authors.forename: Magdy P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Milad
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Grobman
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D003663:Decision Trees; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000191:economics* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006062:Gonadotropins / Q000191:economics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics*; D050498:Live Birth / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D006062:Gonadotropins