title: A comparison of the human papillomavirus test and Papanicolaou smear as a second screening method for women with minor cytological abnormalities.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Of the estimated one million Papanicolaou (pap) smears performed annually in Sweden, about 4% show any degree of abnormality. Approximately, 1% of these cases contain moderate or severe atypia (high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions) and the rest contain low-grade atypia. Recommendations for the management of minor abnormalities vary in various parts of Sweden. Generally, a second Pap smear is obtained 4-6 months after the first one showing low-grade atypia. The aim of this study is to compare the sensitivity of human papilloma virus (HPV)-DNA testing for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2-3 with that of a second Pap smear in women, who had low-grade atypia in their first Pap smear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with low-grade atypia in the Stockholm area, detected at a population-based cytology screening, were enrolled. A repeat Pap smear, HPV test, and colposcopically directed biopsies were obtained. For the detection of HPV, Hybrid Capture II (HC II) was used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The HPV-DNA test was positive in 66% of the 177 participating women. The sensitivity of the second Pap smear and HPV-DNA test to detect CIN 2-3 was 61 (95% CI = 45-74) and 82% (95% CI = 67-91), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values of HPV testing were 27 (95% CI = 18-35) and 89% (95% CI = 80-97), respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Sweden, a second Pap smear is often obtained for the follow-up of women with low-grade atypia. The results of our study show that compared to the second Pap smear, HPV testing with HC II is a more sensitive method for detecting high-grade lesions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Science, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. sonia.andersson@telia.com
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dillner
authors.forename: Kristina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Elfgren
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mints
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rylander
mesh_terms: D003127:Colposcopy; D015344:DNA Probes, HPV; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D065006:Papanicolaou Test; D027383:Papillomaviridae / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013548:Sweden; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears / Q000592:standards*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D015344:DNA Probes, HPV; D004279:DNA, Viral