The artAB genes encode a putative ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue associated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104.
Many bacterial pathogens encode ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins. The authors identified an ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin homologue (ArtA, ArtB) in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) DT104. ArtA is most homologous to a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit present in Salmonella typhi (STY1890) and Salmonella paratyphi A (SPA1609), while ArtB shows homology to a hypothetical periplasmic protein of S. typhi (STY1364) and S. paratyphi A (SPA1188), and a putative pertussis-like toxin subunit in S. typhi (STY1891) and S. paratyphi A (SPA1610). The artA gene was detected from the phage particle fraction upon mitomycin C induction, and the flanking region of artAB contains a prophage-like sequence, suggesting that these putative toxin genes reside within a prophage. Southern blotting analysis revealed that artA is conserved in 12 confirmed DT104 strains and in four related strains which are not phage-typed but are classified into the same group as DT104 by both amplified-fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Except for one strain, NCTC 73, all 13 S. typhimurium strains which were classified into different groups from that of DT104 lacked the artA locus. The results suggest that phage-mediated recombination has resulted in the acquisition of art genes in S. typhimurium DT104 strains.
Saitoh
Mariko
M
Nemuro Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Betsukaimidorimachi-69, Betsukai, Notsukegun 086-0214, Japan.|Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
Tanaka
Kiyoshi
K
Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
Nishimori
Kei
K
Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
Makino
Sou-Ichi
SI
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan.
Kanno
Toru
T
Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
Ishihara
Ryoko
R
Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
Hatama
Shinichi
S
Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
Kitano
Rie
R
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Kishima
Masato
M
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Sameshima
Toshiya
T
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Akiba
Masato
M
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Nakazawa
Muneo
M
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Yokomizo
Yuichi
Y
National Institute of Animal Health, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan.
Uchida
Ikuo
I
Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, Hitsujigaoka-4, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-0045, Japan.
D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000633:toxicity; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D005798:Genes, Bacterial / Q000502:physiology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012483:Salmonella Phages / Q000235:genetics*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000145:classification / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases