title: Post-training intrahippocampal infusion of nicotine prevents spatial memory retention deficits induced by the cyclo-oxygenase-2-specific inhibitor celecoxib in rats.
abstract: Recently, we demonstrated that intrahippocampal infusion of the cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2-specific inhibitor celecoxib impaired spatial memory retention in the Morris water maze. In the present work, we investigated the effects of nicotine, infused in the rat dorsal hippocampus several minutes after infusion of celecoxib, on memory retention in the Morris water maze. Rats were trained for 3 days; each day included two blocks, and each block contained four trials. Test trials were conducted 48 h after surgery. As expected, bilateral intrahippocampal infusion of celecoxib (19 microg/side; 0.1 m) increased escape latency and travel distance in rats, indicating significant impairment of spatial memory retention. We also examined the effects of bilateral infusion of nicotine (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg/side) on memory retention. Infusion of 1 microg nicotine significantly decreased escape latency and travel distance but not swimming speed, compared with controls, suggesting memory retention enhancement by nicotine at this concentration. In separate experiments, bilateral infusion of nicotine, infused 5 min after 0.1 m (19 microg/side) celecoxib infusion, was associated with escape latency, travel distance and swimming speed profiles very similar to those in control animals. Brain tissue sections from several of these animals were subjected to immunohistochemical staining analysis with anti-COX-2 antibodies. Quantification analysis by optical density measurements showed that the celecoxib infusion reduced the immunoreactivity of COX-2-containing neurons in the CA1 area of the hippocampus compared with controls, although this reduction was not significant. However, infusion of a combination of celecoxib and nicotine significantly increased this immunoreactivity compared with levels in control and celecoxib-infused groups. These results suggest that nicotine prevented or reversed the adverse effects of celecoxib on spatial memory retention and protected or restored the immunostaining pattern of COX-2 neurons in the rat dorsal hippocampus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Medicinal Plant Research Centers, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. msharifzadeh@tums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharifzadeh
authors.forename: Mahtab
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tavasoli
authors.forename: Nasser
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naghdi
authors.forename: Azam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghanbari
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amini
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Roghani
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D000068579:Celecoxib; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004924:Escape Reaction / Q000187:drug effects; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008569:Memory Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009538:Nicotine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011720:Pyrazoles; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D018722:Nicotinic Agonists; D011720:Pyrazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; D009538:Nicotine; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D000068579:Celecoxib