title: Regulation of macrophage phenotype by long-term exposure to IL-10.
abstract: Macrophages are chronically exposed to IL-10 in a variety of physiological and pathological settings. Macrophage responses to short-term stimulation with IL-10 have been extensively studied, but the effects of chronic exposure to IL-10 on macrophage function are not known. Herein we used transcriptional profiling and functional studies to characterize the phenotype of macrophages after long-term culture with IL-10. Classical activation of macrophages by LPS and IFNgamma was suppressed by IL-10. In contrast, IL-10 activated expression of genes that suggested acquisition of functions important for cell trafficking, tissue remodeling, recognition of microbial pathogens and responsiveness to the T cell-derived cytokines IL-2 and IL-21. These results demonstrate that IL-10 induces a differentiation program in macrophages and characterize a novel alternatively activated macrophage phenotype.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Kyung-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Park-Min
authors.forename: Taras T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Antoniv
authors.forename: Lionel B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Ivashkiv
mesh_terms: D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10