title: Comparison of extended esophagectomy through mini-thoracotomy/laparotomy with conventional thoracotomy/laparotomy for esophageal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to assess the usefulness of esophagectomy through mini-thoracotomy/laparotomy as a minimally invasive surgical procedure for esophageal cancer, we compared the results to those of conventional right thoracotomy/laparotomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1998 to 2002, 40 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer were prospectively assigned to two groups. Twenty patients underwent esophagectomy through mini-thoracotomy/laparotomy (M-group), while the other 20 had conventional thoracotomy/laparotomy (C-group). Surgical complications, the duration of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), postoperative pain, cytokine responses, and respiratory function were compared between the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no difference of morbidity between the M- and C-groups after surgery. There were also no differences between the two groups with respect to the operating time, bleeding, and number of dissected lymph nodes. The duration of SIRS was shorter in the M-group than in the C-group (p = 0.055). Use of morphine was lower in the M-group than in the C-group with patient-controlled anesthesia (p = 0.002). The interleukin-6 level of the M-group was lower than that of the C-group at 3, 6 hours, and 3 days after the operation. Recovery of vital capacity by the M-group was better than by the C-group after the operation. Postoperative hospital stay of the M-group was significantly shorter than that of the C-group (p = 0.014). Long-term survival was not different in the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Mini-thoracotomy/laparotomy reduces invasiveness and pain compared with conventional thoracotomy/laparotomy for esophagectomy without causing any differences of morbidity or long-term survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Kosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narumiya
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ide
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takasaki
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013908:Thoracotomy; D016896:Treatment Outcome