title: Comparison of isotope dilution with bioimpedance spectroscopy and anthropometry for assessment of body composition in asymptomatic HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected breastfeeding mothers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The effect of breastfeeding on the nutrition of HIV-infected (HIV+) mothers is unknown. Simple, valid methods are needed for body-composition assessment of HIV+ women.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We compared the ability of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and anthropometry with that of isotope dilution (2H2O) to measure fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) in HIV+ and HIV-uninfected (HIV-) breastfeeding South African mothers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total body water (TBW) content of 68 lactating mothers (20 HIV+, 48 HIV-) was measured 10 wk after delivery by using BIS and 2H2O to measure FFM and FM. Anthropometric measurements included body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), midupper arm circumference (MUAC), and 4 skinfold thicknesses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TBW, FFM, and FM measurements determined by BIS were correlated with 2H2O measurements in HIV+ (r = 0.664, 0.621, and 0.872, respectively; P < 0.01) and HIV- (r = 0.876, 0.868, and 0.932, respectively; P < 0.001) mothers. TBW measured by BIS was greater than that measured by the 2H2O method in both HIV+ (1.8 L) and HIV- (1.5 L) women; FM or FFM did not differ significantly by method. BMI, MUAC, and all skinfold-thickness measurements correlated strongly (r > 0.62, P < 0.001) with FM measured by 2H2O in both groups. BMI and MUAC correlated (r > 0.64, P < 0.001) with FFM in HIV- mothers but not in HIV+ mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In HIV+ and HIV- breastfeeding mothers, BIS provides an estimate of body composition comparable to that obtained with the 2H2O method. BMI and MUAC are useful in predicting FM in both groups but are not valid measures of FFM in HIV+ mothers.
authors.affiliation: Africa Centre for Health and Population Studies, Somekele, South Africa. pcpapathakis@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Peggy C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Papathakis
authors.forename: Nigel C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Rollins
authors.forename: Kenneth H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bennish
authors.forename: Marta D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Van Loan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D003903:Deuterium; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques / Q000592:standards; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D039382:Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012885:Skinfold Thickness; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D003903:Deuterium