title: Gene signatures of testicular seminoma with emphasis on expression of ets variant gene 4.
abstract: Gene expression patterns of testicular seminoma were analysed applying oligonucleotide microarrays in 40 specimens of different tumour stages (pT1, pT2, pT3) and in normal testes. Transcripts of maternally expressed 3 transcripts were expressed in seminoma without correlation with delta-like 1 homologue expression indicating an impaired imprinting status in seminoma. Interestingly, the transcripts of bromodomain-containing 2 and nuclear autoantigenic sperm protein associated with spermatogenesis were significantly upregulated in progressing tumour stages. Transcription factors TEA domain family member 4 and ETS variant gene 4 (ETV4), weakly expressed in normal testis, were strongly augmented during tumourigenesis. For ETV4 expression, a significant correlation with the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 15 was determined. The ETV4 protein was localised to nuclei of spermatogonia and revealed an intense staining in seminoma cells. Taken together, we characterised additional transcription factors and spermatogenesis-associated genes involved in the progression of seminoma.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty of the University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Anatomy, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gashaw
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grümmer
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klein-Hitpass
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Dushaj
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brehm
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grobholz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kliesch
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Neuvians
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: von             Ostau
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Winterhager
mesh_terms: D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D018239:Seminoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017500:Adenovirus E1A Proteins; C079853:ETV4 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D050783:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2