title: Adult-onset primary focal foot dystonia.
abstract: Although primary focal hand dystonia has been well characterized, primary focal foot dystonia in adults has rarely been reported. Our objective was to describe the clinical phenotype and treatment outcomes in patients with primary, adult-onset focal foot dystonia. To this end we conducted a retrospective study of four consecutive patients (59.5+/-13.5 years, range 44-67) diagnosed over a period of 6 years and followed-up for at least 5 years. Focal foot dystonia resulted in variable physical impairment. Anti-dystonic agents were mildly effective whereas botulinum toxin injections provided substantial benefit when used. Focal primary focal foot dystonia seems to be a rare form of focal dystonia with distinct clinical features that may benefit from treatment with botulinum toxin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1501 NW 9th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA. singer@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Singer
authors.forename: Spiridon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Papapetropoulos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D010641:Phenotype; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D009125:Muscle Relaxants, Central; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A