title: [New addictions in the third millennium: anabolic steroids as a substance of abuse].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The abuse of anabolic steroids is emerging as a psychosocially significant issue. In the last few years the use of the substances has shifted from professional sports to amateur sports and certain occupations (bouncers, models, etc.). In the literature, steroid users are portrayed as multidrug users who engage in dangerous and aggressive behavior towards themselves and others. This study looks into the habits, lifestyles and psychological profiles of a group of subjects who make regular use of sports centres in the city of Palermo, Italy, with the aim of establishing how the abuse of anabolic substances is associated with a specific lifestyle and particular psychosocial behaviour.
  
  
  METHODS
  A revision of the American Massachusetts Youth Risk Survey questionnaire (1993), adapted for the Italian context, and a personality assessment scale, The Adjective Check List (1980), were administered to a group of 71 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifteen of these subjects admitted taking steroids with differing frequencies. Using Spearman's rho rank correlation, repeated use of anabolic steroids was found to be correlated with abuse of other types of drugs, risk behavior and a distinct personality pattern. Steroid abuse was found to be significantly correlated (r = 0.35, 0.31, 0.30, 0.28, P < 0.01) with illegal drug use (LSD, cocaine and heroin).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is therefore imperative to develop studies and analyses to investigate more thoroughly the phenomenon and its related psychological and social context in order to lay the foundations for a targeted prevention programme, especially in countries such as Italy where this type of drug abuse is still largely unrecognised and risks degenerating into a new, full-blown social disease.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo. mroccella@tin.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roccella
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paternò
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tusa
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Testa
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012309:Risk-Taking; D013256:Steroids; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D045930:Anabolic Agents; D013256:Steroids