title: [Psychological traits, course of surgery and recovery following hernia repair in patients preferring general or local anaesthesia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study addresses two questions concerning open inguinal hernia repair patients: (1) are there differences in psychological traits between patients opting for local vs. general anaesthesia and (2) assuming comparable operations, are there any differences between the two groups during surgery and postoperative recovery?
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 69 male patients aged between 18 and 80 took part in the study. After having been briefed about anaesthesia, they opted for either local (n=40) or general anaesthesia (n=29). In order to determine psychological traits, patients filled out questionnaires before the operation [NEO Five-Factor-Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Stress Coping Questionnaire (SVF)] and the Anaesthesiological Questionnaire (ANP) after the operation. Data about the surgery (duration of anaesthesia and operation, blood pressure and heart rate) and the convalescence period (time spent in recovery room, length of stay in hospital) were also recorded. The patients' information processing skills were measured preoperatively and postoperatively using the "Trail Making Test".
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients preferring local anaesthesia were significantly older than those who chose general anaesthesia. Therefore two similar age groups were formed by using the method of matched samples (n=2x26). Between these groups no significant differences were found with reference to psychological traits, but markedly extraverted patients favoured local anaesthesia. There were no differences in the duration of anaesthesia and surgery. Local anaesthesia patients spent less time in the recovery room and in hospital than general anaesthesia patients. Postoperatively, the cognitive state and the satisfaction with the anaesthesia were comparable between both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological traits do not have a significant impact on the choice of either local or general anaesthesia. However, highly extraverted patients prefer local anaesthesia while extreme introverts prefer general anaesthesia. Our findings suggest that local anaesthesia will become more widely adopted for the repair of groin hernia. Future studies should focus on optimising the perioperative care for patients who choose local anaesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Anästhesiologie und operative Intensivmedizin, Allgemeines Krankenhaus Wandsbek, Hamburg.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müllender
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Melichar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmucker
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hüppe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000523:psychology*; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000523:psychology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000523:psychology*; D020250:Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting / Q000453:epidemiology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D055815:Young Adult