title: Cortisol decreases and serotonin and dopamine increase following massage therapy.
abstract: In this article the positive effects of massage therapy on biochemistry are reviewed including decreased levels of cortisol and increased levels of serotonin and dopamine. The research reviewed includes studies on depression (including sex abuse and eating disorder studies), pain syndrome studies, research on auto-immune conditions (including asthma and chronic fatigue), immune studies (including HIV and breast cancer), and studies on the reduction of stress on the job, the stress of aging, and pregnancy stress. In studies in which cortisol was assayed either in saliva or in urine, significant decreases were noted in cortisol levels (averaging decreases 31%). In studies in which the activating neurotransmitters (serotonin and dopamine) were assayed in urine, an average increase of 28% was noted for serotonin and an average increase of 31% was noted for dopamine. These studies combined suggest the stress-alleviating effects (decreased cortisol) and the activating effects (increased serotonin and dopamine) of massage therapy on a variety of medical conditions and stressful experiences.
authors.affiliation: Touch Research Institutes, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. tfield@med.miami.edu
authors.forename: Tiffany
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Field
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernandez-Reif
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diego
authors.forename: Saul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schanberg
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuhn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000523:psychology; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008405:Massage; D010146:Pain / Q000378:metabolism; D059408:Pain Management; D011247:Pregnancy; D012064:Relaxation Therapy; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D004298:Dopamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone