title: Early outcome following complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy in the newborn.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Complete primary repair of bladder exstrophy (CPRE) represents a paradigm shift from the staged approach for surgical management. We present early clinical outcomes in our patients following CPRE.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2004 all newborns with bladder exstrophy were treated with CPRE within 48 hours of birth. We reviewed parameters including transfusions (packed red blood cells), urethral meatal position, complications, findings on renal ultrasound and renal scan, and post-CPRE procedures and infections.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 16 boys and 7 girls were treated with CPRE. Followup ranged from 8 to 96 months. Twelve boys (75%) and 2 girls (29%) received packed red blood cells at CPRE (p = 0.066). The tubularized urethral plate could not be brought to the penile tip, resulting in hypospadias in 9 of 11 boys (82%) with the running suture technique and only 1 of 5 boys (20%) with the interrupted technique (p = 0.036). Of the 23 patients 6 had a total of 8 complications after CPRE. Vesicoureteral reflux was present in 17 of 23 patients. After CPRE a total of 93 endoscopic/surgical procedures (median 4, range 0 to 16 per patient) were performed. Five patients had 1 to 4 episodes of pyelonephritis, 16 of 23 had 1 or more episodes of asymptomatic bacteriuria and 5 had cortical defects on renal scan.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We recommend that urethral closure during CPRE be performed with interrupted suture technique to prevent hypospadias. An aggressive approach should be taken toward reflux in the setting of urinary infection. Consideration should be given for repair of all aspects of the defect during CPRE, including bilateral ureteral reimplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology and Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. joseph.borer@childrens.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Joseph G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Borer
authors.forename: Patricio C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Gargollo
authors.forename: W Hardy
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Hendren
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Diamond
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atala
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Alan B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Retik
mesh_terms: D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000601:surgery*; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000209:etiology; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000209:etiology; D013536:Suture Techniques; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014546:Urinary Catheterization; D014563:Urodynamics