title: Detection of polyomavirus BK and JC in children with kidney diseases and renal transplant recipients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactivation of polyomavirus is a known reason for severe renal dysfunction in adult renal transplant recipients. Testing for polyomavirus DNA in plasma has been described as a sensitive and specific method to discover viral nephropathy in adult patients. We were now interested in polyomavirus status in a pediatric patient setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma and urine samples were obtained from 80 children including 38 children after renal transplantation (group 1), 7 children with different kidney diseases receiving immunosuppressive treatment (group 2) and 35 children with different kidney diseases not receiving immunosuppressive treatment (group 3). A nested polymerase chain reaction method was used for amplification of polyomavirus DNA fragments. Differentiation between JC and BK virus was done by digestion with restriction endonucleases.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Polyomavirus DNA was detected in the urine sample of 19 of 38 (50%) renal transplant recipients (group 1), of 1 of 7 (14%) patients from group 2 and in none of the 35 patients of group 3. Plasma samples from 3 (8%) of group 1 patients and from 1 child each of group 2 (14%) and group 3 (3%) were tested positive for polyomavirus DNA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Urinary polyomavirus excretion seems to be more frequent in pediatric patients with kidney diseases receiving immunosuppressive treatment and after renal transplantation than in children with various kidney diseases without immunosuppressive treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. a.mueller@ukb.uni-bonn.de
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Theilemann
authors.forename: Ludwig
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stapenhorst
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Licht
authors.forename: Dietrich
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michalk
authors.forename: Caspar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Franzen
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hoppe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001739:BK Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host / Q000276:immunology; D007577:JC Virus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D027601:Polyomavirus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014181:Transplantation Immunology / Q000502:physiology; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology