title: Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM): the first endoluminal endoscopic surgery.
abstract: The typical concept of endoscopic surgery is the performance of surgical procedures in the two major body cavities, the abdomen and thorax. To perform this, small incisions for the ports are needed to introduce optics and instruments. Typically, the optic and the instruments are introduced from different angles. The access itself is associated with a reduced trauma.
authors.affiliation: Finch University of Health Sciences, The Chicago Medical School, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Ko