Chemical and biological investigations of a toxic plant from Central Africa, Magnistipula butayei subsp. montana.
Magnistipula butayei subsp. montana (Chrysobalanaceae) is known, in the Great Lakes Region, to possess toxicological properties. In this paper, we investigated the acute toxicity (dose levels 50-1600 mg/kg) of its aqueous extract, administered orally to adult Wistar rats. This study demonstrated that the freeze-dried aqueous extract (5%, w/w) possesses high toxicity. The extract caused hypothermia, neurological disorders, including extensor reflex of maximal convulsive induced-seizures at about 2 h after the administered dose, and death occurred (LD50=370 mg/kg) in a dose dependent manner. Blood parameter evaluation revealed slight variations, but these might not have clinical relevance. Histological examination of internal organs (lungs, liver, heart and kidneys) did not reveal any abnormality in the treated group compared to the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that Magnistipula butayei subsp. montana aqueous extract, given orally, is toxic and that its target is the central nervous system. General phytochemical screening revealed that the plant did not contain significant amounts of products known to be toxic, such as alkaloids or cardioactive glycosides, but only catechic tannins, amino acids, saponins and other aphrogen principles in the three parts of the species (fruit, leave and bark).
Karangwa
C
C
Natural and Synthetic Drugs Research Centre (C.P.S.N.S.), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Avenue de l'Hôpital 1, B36, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium.
Esters
V
V
Frédérich
M
M
Tits
M
M
Kadima
J N
JN
Damas
J
J
Noirfalise
A
A
Angenot
L
L
D000350:Africa, Central; D000818:Animals; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D045469:Chrysobalanaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005638:Fruit; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D024301:Plant Bark; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D018515:Plant Leaves; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012640:Seizures / Q000209:etiology; D013634:Tannins / Q000302:isolation & purification
D000872:Anthocyanins; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012503:Saponins; D013634:Tannins