title: Burn wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa triggers weight loss in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite dramatic improvements in the management of burns, infection still remains a serious risk for the burn patient. The aim of this study was to shed light on the impact of acute burn injury with or without infection on cytokine profiles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 21) were randomized into three groups: 1) burn only 2) burn and infection or 3) sham burn. Weight was monitored and blood was collected for cytokine ELISA, LPS quantification, and peripheral blood analysis. Animals were sacrificed either after 6 or 12 days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infected animals showed substantial weight loss until day 6 post-burn as compared to burn alone. Endotoxin and TNF-alpha levels were elevated early in the infected burn group within 48 hours post-burn. In contrast, significant up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 occurred later in the clinical course and was associated with the recovery from weight loss.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that in the presence of infection, you get a SIRS response possibly due to transient endotoxemia that is only seen in the infection group. In contrast, both burn and infection get a late IL-10 (CARS) response, which is then associated with a return to normal weight in the infection group.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0666, USA. lars.steinstraesser@rub.de
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Steinstraesser
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Burkhard
authors.forename: Ming H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lehnhardt
authors.forename: Grace
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Adrien
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Daigeler
authors.forename: Hans U
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Steinau
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Remick
authors.forename: Stewart C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002056:Burns / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss; D014946:Wound Infection / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004731:Endotoxins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha