Molecular genetic pathways in Parkinson's disease: a review.
Major progress has been made in the last decade in understanding the genetic basis of PD (Parkinson's disease) with five genes unequivocally associated with disease. As a result, multiple pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD, including proteasome impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although Mendelian genetics has been successful in establishing a genetic predisposition for familial PD, this has not been reiterated in the sporadic form. In fact no genetic factors have been unequivocally associated with increased risk for sporadic PD. The difficulty in identifying susceptibility factors in PD has not only been because of numerous underpowered studies, but we have been unable to dissect out the genetic component in a multifactorial disease. This review aims to summarize the genetic findings within PD.
Jain
Shushant
S
Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, U.K.
Wood
Nicholas W
NW
Healy
Daniel G
DG
D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000235:genetics*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000235:genetics
D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein; C495280:LRRK2 protein, human; D000071158:Leucine-Rich Repeat Serine-Threonine Protein Kinase-2; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases