title: Rhodamine-123: therapy for hormone refractory prostate cancer, a phase I clinical trial.
abstract: Rhodamine-123, a lipophilic, cationic, rhodocyanine dye, has been reported to have carcinoma selective toxicity in vitro and in vivo. This phase I clinical trial established the safety and pharmacokinetics of Rhodamine-123 administered to men with hormone refractory prostate cancer. A single dose toxicity study of Rhodamine-123 determined the maximum tolerated dose. A multiple dose toxicity study assessed the safety of Rhodamine-123 at the maximum tolerated dose level. Transient and variable toxicities noted following Rhodamine-123 infusion resolved within 6 hours following infusion. Pharmacokinetic analyses of sera showed no accumulation of drug with repeated monthly administrations. Drug retention was confirmed in prostatic tissue following Rhodamine-123 administration. PSA doubling times lengthened variably suggesting drug efficacy but the data were not statistically significant. The maximum tolerated dose of Rhodamine-123 is 96 mg/m2. The drug can be safely administered at monthly intervals without detectable drug accumulation in serum. Rhodamine-123 is retained by prostatic tumor tissue.
authors.affiliation: Prostate Research Program, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, California 91101, USA. joneslw@hmri.org
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Narayan
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Sweatman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018579:Patient Selection; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D020112:Rhodamine 123 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D020112:Rhodamine 123; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen