title: The presence of molecular markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation in osteoarthritic cartilage: a pathogenic role in osteoarthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the role of oxidative functions in human osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and to investigate the presence of in vivo molecular markers of lipoxidation in OA cartilage.
  
  
  METHODS
  An in vitro model of cartilage collagen degradation was used. Lipid peroxidation activity and overall oxidative function in OA chondrocytes were monitored by cis-parinaric acid and dichlorofluorescein assays, respectively. In vivo molecular markers of lipoxidation in normal and OA cartilage were studied using immunohistochemistry to detect the presence of malondialdehyde and hydroxynonenal adducts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Human OA chondrocytes showed a robust amount of 3H-proline-labeled collagen degradation upon stimulation with lipopolysaccharide and calcium ionophore A21387, as compared with that in untreated OA chondrocytes. Primary OA chondrocytes showed both spontaneous and inducible levels of lipid peroxidation activity. However, lipid peroxidation activity was already maximally elevated in more than 50% of the OA chondrocyte samples. Overall, spontaneous and inducible oxidative activities were observed in all OA samples. Immunohistochemical analysis of control OA tissue sections that were not treated with monoclonal antibody showed little immunoreactivity. OA cartilage sections treated with monoclonal antibodies showed specific immunoreactivity on the cartilage surface, at sites of OA lesions, at the pericellular matrix, and at intra- and intercellular matrices. Normal cartilage sections showed faint surface reactivity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations suggest that human OA chondrocytes demonstrate spontaneous and inducible cell-associated lipoxidative and nonlipoxidative activity. Lipoxidative activity appears to be enhanced in OA chondrocytes. The presence of molecular markers of in vivo lipid peroxidation was demonstrated in OA cartilage, suggesting its role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08903-0019, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Karel
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Raska
authors.forename: Moti L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tiku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000378:metabolism*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000737:chemistry; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007476:Ionophores / Q000494:pharmacology; D007596:Joints / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D015415:Biomarkers; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005452:Fluoresceins; D007476:Ionophores; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D000001:Calcimycin; D008315:Malondialdehyde; C037631:2',7'-dichlorofluorescein; D003094:Collagen; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C027576:4-hydroxy-2-nonenal; C013641:parinaric acid