title: Intravenous immunoglobulin ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and reduces neuropathological abnormalities when administered prophylactically.
abstract: METHODS
  Immunomodulation with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) represents a way of interfering with the disease process in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, the effects of IVIG on neurological symptoms and central nervous system (CNS) pathology were evaluated in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an MS animal model. EAE was induced in susceptible Dark Agouti rats by active immunization with a spinal cord homogenate, and infusions of 1 g/kg IVIG were given prophylactically or therapeutically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The administration of IVIG at the time of immunization significantly suppressed the development of neurological symptoms compared with infusions of placebo (mean EAE score 0.6+/-0.3 versus 2.3+/-0.4). Moreover, the prophylactic IVIG administration resulted in a significant inhibition of the inflammatory response in CNS tissue (inflammation score 1.1+/-0.2 versus 1.8+/-0.2 after placebo). No beneficial effects were obtained by therapeutic IVIG infusions as the EAE disease course and the degree of inflammation and demyelination in the CNS were not different from animals receiving treatment with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study indicates that IVIG reduces the symptoms of EAE by suppression of the CNS inflammation that characterizes CNS pathology in these animals. Taking into account data from clinical trials of IVIG in MS, the results further suggest that IVIG acts primarily during the induction phase of the immune response thus preventing the development of relapses in MS.
authors.affiliation: Danish MS Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet sect. 9202, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. shumle@nru.dk
authors.forename: Signe Humle
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jorgensen
authors.forename: Poul Erik Hyldgaard
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Laursen
authors.forename: Per Soelberg
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sorensen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000628:therapy*; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous