title: Prevalence of some herpesviruses in gingival crevicular fluid.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The herpesviruses, ancient pathogens which have co-evoluted with human, are etiologically associated with a number of diseases, from asymptomatic to oncogenic and mortal diseases. It seems that some of them have also an important role in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and, eventually, to find the correlation between specific virus types and clinical parameters which are important in periodontitis, like plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and digestion of PCR products with restriction endonuclease were employed to identify the presence of EBV, HHV-6, HHV-8 and HCMV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 66 samples of GCF taken from the patients with periodontal disease, EBV was found in 29 (43.9%), HHV-6 in 16 (24.2%) and HCMV in 2 (3%) samples, while in the samples of healthy persons, these viruses were not found. HHV-8 was detected neither in the patients with periodontitis nor in healthy control group. More positive results were found in clinical samples taken from people with higher PI and GI and in the samples taken from the patients with medium PD (PD=3-6mm). In all HHV-6 positive samples, we found only variant A; as for EBV positive samples, type A and type B were identified and also co-infection with the two types. It seems that there is a correlation between PI, PD and EBV types, but no correlation was found between EBV types and GI or HHV-6 types and PI, PD, GI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present findings confirm some association between herpesviruses and human periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Zaloska 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. polona.klemenc@mf.uni-lj.si
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klemenc
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Skaleric
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Artnik
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nograsek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003774:Dental Plaque Index; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000821:virology*; D006564:Herpesviridae / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D004854:Herpesvirus 4, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015654:Herpesvirus 6, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010512:Periodontal Index; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction