title: Beta-ray brachytherapy of retinoblastoma: feasibility of a new small-sized ruthenium-106 plaque.
abstract: A non-comparative case observation study estimated the feasibility of brachytherapy for retinoblastoma with a newly designed ruthenium-106 plaque (label: CXS) with an 8-mm diameter of the irradiation zone.
  
  
  METHODS
  The new CXS plaque was used between 2001 and 2003 for brachytherapy of 13 retinoblastomas. Indications were recurrences after preceding local treatment or endophytic retinoblastoma with an impending vitreous tumour cell seeding. The prescribed radiation dose at the apex was 88 Gy (NIST-calibrated dosimetry).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age at brachytherapy was 1.2 years (standard deviation, SD: 1.1 years), and the mean follow-up was 1.7 years (SD: 0.6 years). The treated tumours had a mean diameter of 2.3 mm (SD: 0.7 mm) and a mean height of 1.5 mm (SD: 0.6 mm) with a mean distance to the optic disc of 9.9 mm (SD: 2.2 mm). The mean duration of irradiation was 29.3 h (SD: 9.9 h) with a mean dose at the sclera of 213 Gy (SD: 80 Gy). Surgery was uneventful in all cases. Complete regression developed after 3.1 months (SD: 2.8 months) in all cases without a recurrence or a progression of the vitreous tumour cell seeding. The eyes developed no further side-effects besides a temporary circumscribed intra-ocular haemorrhage that emerged from the regressive tumour remnants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Brachytherapy with the CXS plaque seems to be a safe and reliable treatment option for small-sized retinoblastoma when laser or cryocoagulation failed to control the tumour growth or for small retinoblastoma with an incipient local tumour cell seeding on the tumour surface.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Universitatsklinikum Essen, Germany. andreas.schueler@uni-essen.de
authors.forename: Andreas O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Schueler
authors.forename: Dirk
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flühs
authors.forename: Gerasimos
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Anastassiou
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Jurklies
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sauerwein
authors.forename: Norbert
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bornfeld
mesh_terms: D001610:Beta Particles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D019572:Retinal Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012175:Retinoblastoma / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D012429:Ruthenium Radioisotopes