title: Spatial patterns of anthropometric variation in India with reference to geographic, climatic, ethnic and linguistic backgrounds.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anthropometric variation can be fruitfully utilized to investigate microevolutionary processes. Anthropometric variations in the Indian subcontinent based on stature and three indices (Cephalic Index, Nasal Index, and Total Facial Index) are highly variable and discriminative among populations across geographical regions.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Anthropometric variation in stature, Cephalic Index (CI), Nasal Index (NI) and Total Facial Index (TFI) were investigated with respect to ethnic, linguistic, geographical and climatic affiliation, across the Indian subcontinent.
  
  
  METHODS
  Published data on anthropometric variations of 531 populations from the Indian subcontinent were analysed using discriminant analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Discriminant analysis of the four anthropometric variables shows that stature and NI are good discriminators for populations of different languages. Stature, NI and CI discriminate well among populations of diverse ethnic origin and climatic conditions in different regions. TFI is not a good discriminator for populations of diverse ethnic, linguistic and climatic attributes. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed significant departure from randomness, suggesting geographic structuring. The Moran's I estimate is positive and statistically significant for the four variables at low distances but exhibits significant negative association at higher values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest geographical clines for the four anthropometric variables and indicate the influence of population structure on the studied variables.
authors.affiliation: Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bharati
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Demarchi
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mukherji
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vasulu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bharati
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000886:Anthropometry / Q000379:methods*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002980:Climate; D005006:Ethnicity; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007802:Language; D013997:Time Factors