Effectiveness of intragastric immunization with protein and oligodeoxynucleotides containing a CpG motif for inducing a gastrointestinal mucosal immune response in mice.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate a new modality of mucosal vaccines, we evaluated the effectiveness of intragastric immunization for inducing a mucosal immune response in the gastrointestinal tract.


METHODS
Mice were immunized with beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides containing a CpG motif (CpG-DNA) by intragastric injection, and the immune response was compared with those induced by 3 other immunization forms: intranasal, oral, and intradermal.


RESULTS
Intragastric immunization with beta-gal and CpG-DNA induced significant anti-beta-gal fecal IgA production at 2 weeks; however, at 4 weeks the response was lacking. In contrast, intranasal immunization with beta-gal and CpG-DNA induced the highest anti-beta-gal fecal IgA production at 4 weeks.


CONCLUSIONS
Although intragastric immunization with protein and CpG-DNA induces a mucosal immune response in the gastrointestinal tract, intranasal immunization is the most effective to induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. This finding may increase the possibility for developing vaccines against mucosal pathogens, especially Helicobacter pylori.
Hikichi
Takuto
T
Department of Internal Medicine II, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan. takuto@fmu.ac.jp
Kobayashi
Hiroko
H
Oyama
Hitoshi
H
Yamamoto
Go
G
Watanabe
Hiroshi
H
Irisawa
Atsushi
A
Obara
Katsutoshi
K
Sato
Yukio
Y
D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D018928:Immunity, Mucosal; D007114:Immunization; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000276:immunology*
C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D001616:beta-Galactosidase