title: Polymer gel dosimetry close to an 125I interstitial brachytherapy seed.
abstract: Despite its advantages, the polymer gel-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method has not, as yet, been successfully employed in dosimetry of low energy/low dose rate photon-emitting brachytherapy sources such as 125I or 103Pd interstitial seeds. In the present work, two commercially available 125I seed sources, each of approximately 0.5 U, were positioned at two different locations of a polymer gel filled vial. The gel vial was MR scanned with the sources in place 19 and 36 days after seed implantation. Calibration curves were acquired from the coupling of MRI measurements with accurate Monte Carlo dose calculations obtained simulating the exact experimental setup geometry and materials. The obtained gel response data imply that while linearity of response is sustained, sensitivity (calibration curve slope) is significantly increased (approximately 60%) compared to its typical value for the 192Ir (or 60Co and 6 MV LINAC) photon energies. Water equivalence and relative energy response corrections of the gel cannot account for more than 3-4% of this increase, which, therefore, has to be mainly attributed to physicochemical processes related to the low dose rate of the sources and the associated prolonged irradiation time. The calibration data obtained from one 125I source were used to provide absolute dosimetry results for the other 125I source, which were found to agree with corresponding Monte Carlo calculations within experimental uncertainties. It is therefore suggested that, regardless of the underlying factors accounting for the gel dose response to 125I irradiations, polymer gel dosimetry of new 125I or 103Pd sources should be carried out as originally proposed by Heard and Ibbot (2004 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 3 221-3), i.e., by irradiating the same gel sample with the new low dose rate source, as well as with a well-characterized low dose rate source which will provide the dose calibration curve for the same irradiation conditions.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 157 71 Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pantelis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lymperopoulou
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Papagiannis
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sakelliou
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stiliaris
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sandilos
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Seimenis
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozicki
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rosiak
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D005782:Gels; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009010:Monte Carlo Method; D017785:Photons; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods*; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005782:Gels; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011108:Polymers