title: Amelioration of intestinal reperfusion injury by moderate hypothermia is associated with serum sICAM-1 levels.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moderate hypothermia on various serum markers involving in inflammation after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR).
  
  
  METHODS
  The model of 30 min intestinal ischemia +90 min reperfusion was used. Three groups of rats were studied, n=7-8 per group: 1) sham at normothermia, 36.5 to 37.5 degrees C; 2) IR at normothermia and; 3) IR at moderate hypothermia, 32 to 33 degrees C. Serum levels of TNF-alpha, lipopolysaccharide-inducible CXC chemokine (LIX), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were determined using ELISA technique. Histological features of terminal ileum were also graded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Intestinal IR at normothermia caused remarkable tissue injury together with an elevation in serum TNF-alpha, LIX, and sICAM-1 levels. Moderate hypothermia significantly decreased the degree of mucosal damage and attenuated the elevation of serum sICAM-1 levels. However, there were no significant differences in serum TNF-alpha and LIX levels between IR at normothermia and IR at hypothermia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intestinal IR at normothermia induces the elevation of serum TNF-alpha, LIX, and sICAM-1 levels. Moderate hypothermia protects the small intestine from reperfusion injury. This beneficial effect is associated with serum sICAM-1 levels but not with serum TNF-alpha and LIX levels. We speculate that one of the mechanisms, by which hypothermia blunts the tissue injury, is at the step of firm adhesion between leukocytes and endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. pvejchap@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Paisarn
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vejchapipat
authors.forename: Nuchanan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Leawhiran
authors.forename: Sopee
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poomsawat
authors.forename: Apiradee
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Theamboonlers
authors.forename: Soottiporn
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chittmittrapap
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Poovorawan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood; D007036:Hypothermia, Induced; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D012995:Solubility; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1