title: Raw and boiled garlic enhances plasma antioxidant activity and improves plasma lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats.
abstract: In the present study the effect of garlic, in a form more similar to how most people eat garlic, on lipid and antioxidant metabolism in rats was investigated. The antioxidant activity was determined by the efficacy to scavenge 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) derived radicals in garlic samples. The highest results were estimated in aqueous fraction in comparison with other extracts divided on the basis of polarity. Wistar male rats were randomly divided into 10 diet groups, each with seven animals. The groups were named: Control, RG (raw garlic), BG (boiled garlic for 20 min), AERG (aqueous extract of raw garlic), AEBG (aqueous extract of boiled garlic), Ch (Cholesterol), Ch/RG, Ch/BG, Ch/AERG and Ch/AEBG. All experimental diets were supplemented with 25 mg of lyophilized garlic/kg body weight obtained from raw, boiled and their aqueous extracts over a period of 30 days. Serum lipid (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides) concentrations were higher in all groups fed cholesterol (Ch); however, the increase was significant only in Ch group, without garlic supplementation. In groups of rats fed diets with cholesterol, garlic samples significantly hindered the rise of TC and LDL-C (P < 0.05). A significant increase (P < 0.05) in the plasma antioxidant activity was registered in experimental groups of rats fed cholesterol-free diets supplemented with garlic; oppositely, a significant decrease was only in group of rats given food containing cholesterol without garlic. The protein spectra has shown that during short boiling some proteins change their functional properties such as solubility and mobility, resulting in a number of protein bands in SDS-electrophoresis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Raw and boiled garlic improved plasma lipid metabolism and plasma antioxidant activity in an experiment on rats. Thus, dietary hypolipidemic garlic was effective in reducing the oxidant stress, which was indicated by an increase of antioxidant activity and a decrease of lipids in the rats' blood. It was found that garlic boiled for 20 min has the same bioactivity as raw garlic in its antioxidant and protein spectra. Therefore it should be added at this time to foods. The selenium and copper content of raw garlic is not altered by boiling. The protein electrophoretic pattern of raw garlic is altered by boiling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. gorin@cc.huji.ac.il
authors.forename: Shela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gorinstein
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leontowicz
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leontowicz
authors.forename: Jerzy
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Drzewiecki
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Najman
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Katrich
authors.forename: Dinorah
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barasch
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Trakhtenberg
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000032:analysis; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D010636:Phenols / Q000032:analysis; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D059808:Polyphenols; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002791:Cholesterol, Dietary; D005419:Flavonoids; D008055:Lipids; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D010940:Plant Proteins; D059808:Polyphenols