title: Ross procedure in infants and toddlers followed into childhood.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Ross procedure is commonly used to treat aortic valve disease in pediatric and adult patients. For infants, data are limited regarding survival, reintervention, autograft growth, and function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Ross procedure was performed in 27 infants <18 months of age (median age 5.7 months). All patients had congenital aortic stenosis (AS); associated lesions included subAS (n=9), supravalvular AS (n=2), coarctation (n=5), and interrupted aortic arch (n=2). Median follow-up was 6.1 years (range 0.2 to 12.9). There were 3 early deaths and no late deaths. Freedom from reintervention for homograft dysfunction was 87% at 8 years; freedom from autograft reintervention was 100%. Follow-up echocardiograms were available in 17 patients. Estimated peak autograft gradient was 55 mm Hg in one patient and <10 mm Hg in 16. Mild autograft insufficiency was seen in 4 patients; 13 had none. Autograft diameter was measured early postoperatively and at latest follow-up. The mean z score increased from 0.63 to 3.2 (P<0.01) at the annulus and from 0.26 to 2.2 (P<0.01) at the sinus. In a subgroup, the mean autograft z score increased significantly from the postoperative period to 1 year for both the annulus (0.72 to 3.2, P<0.01) and the sinus (0.26 to 2.2, P<0.01), but remained unchanged thereafter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Ross procedure effectively relieves AS in infants. Homograft reintervention occurred in 13% within 8 years. No patient developed significant autograft insufficiency or required autograft reintervention during the follow-up period. Dilatation of the autograft occurred during the first year after surgery and stabilized thereafter.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York, New York, NY 10032, USA. iib6@columbia.edu
authors.forename: Ismee A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Quaegebeur
authors.forename: Daphne T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Welton M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Gersony
authors.forename: Francois
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bourlon
authors.forename: Ralph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Mosca
authors.forename: Deborah R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gersony
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Solowiejczyk
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation / Q000379:methods*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D009929:Organ Size; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011664:Pulmonary Valve / Q000637:transplantation*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012850:Sinus of Valsalva / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling