title: Radiological outcome in rheumatoid arthritis is predicted by presence of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide before and at disease onset, and by IgA-RF at disease onset.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the significance of antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factors (RFs), before the onset of rheumatoid arthritis and when presenting as early disease (baseline), for disease activity and progression.
  
  
  METHODS
  93 of a cohort of 138 patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (<12 months of symptoms) had donated blood before symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (defined as pre-patients) and were identified from among blood donors within the Medical Biobank of northern Sweden. Disease activity (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein, joint score, global visual analogue scale) and radiological destruction in hands and feet (Larsen score) were assessed at baseline and after two years. Anti-CCP antibodies and RFs were analysed using enzyme immunoassays. HLA shared epitope (SE) alleles (DRB1*0401/0404) were identified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with anti-CCP antibodies before disease onset had significantly higher Larsen score at baseline and after two years. In multiple regression analyses baseline values of anti-CCP/IgA-RF/IgG-RF/IgM-RF, swollen joint count, and Larsen score significantly predicted radiological outcome at two years. In logistic regression analyses, baseline values of anti-CCP antibodies/IgA-RF, therapeutic response at six months, and swollen joint count/ESR significantly predicted radiological progression after two years. The baseline titre of anti-CCP antibodies was higher in patients with radiological progression and decreased significantly in those with response to therapy. SE allele carriage was associated with a positive test for anti-CCP antibodies in pre-patients and in early rheumatoid arthritis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presence of anti-CCP antibodies before disease onset is associated with more severe radiological damage. The titre of anti-CCP antibodies is related to disease severity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Berglin
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Sundin
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Jidell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wadell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rantapää-Dahlqvist
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D018450:Disease Progression; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000276:immunology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor / Q000097:blood*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C487763:cyclic citrullinated peptide; D012217:Rheumatoid Factor