The prima donna of epigenetics: the regulation of gene expression by DNA methylation.
This review focuses on the mechanisms of DNA methylation, DNA methylation pattern formation and their involvement in gene regulation. Association of DNA methylation with imprinting, embryonic development and human diseases is discussed. Furthermore, besides considering changes in DNA methylation as mechanisms of disease, the role of epigenetics in general and DNA methylation in particular in transgenerational carcinogenesis, in memory formation and behavior establishment are brought about as mechanisms based on the cellular memory of gene expression patterns.
Santos
K F
KF
Departamento de Biologia Celular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Mazzola
T N
TN
Carvalho
H F
HF
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics; D019175:DNA Methylation; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D020868:Gene Silencing / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D040582:Inheritance Patterns / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D008568:Memory; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*