title: Bronchial colonization and postoperative respiratory infections in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the risk factors associated with postoperative respiratory infection in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery, with special emphasis on the perioperative pattern of airway colonization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery of a tertiary hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-eight consecutive patients undergoing lung cancer surgery were evaluated. Patients were followed up until hospital discharge or death.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fiberoptic bronchoscopies with bilateral protected specimen brush or bronchial aspirates were performed during anesthesia prior to the initiation of the surgical procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-five patients (83%) had perioperative bronchial colonization by either potentially pathogenic microorganisms (PPMs) [28 patients, 36%] or non-potentially pathogenic microorganisms (56 patients, 72%). The 24 patients (31%) with a postoperative respiratory infection (pneumonia, purulent tracheobronchitis, or pleural empyema) had significantly higher perioperative bronchial colonization by PPMs (15 patients [63%] vs 13 patients [24%], p = 0.003) and a higher bacterial index (mean +/- SD, 3.6 +/- 3.3 vs 0.9 +/- 1.4; p = 0.003), compared to patients without infection. The agreement between pathogens found in perioperative evaluation and during postoperative infection was total in 5 patients (21%), partial in 5 patients (21%), and no concordance in 14 patients (58%). In the multivariate analysis, the presence of perioperative airway colonization by a PPM (odds ratio [OR], 6.9; p = 0.001) and a higher postoperative pain score (OR, 4.1; p = 0.014) were independent predictors of postoperative respiratory infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adequate control of postoperative pain, as well as the conditions that potentially cause airway colonization by PPMs, could be beneficial in preventing postoperative respiratory infections after lung cancer surgery.
authors.affiliation: Institut Clínic de Pneumologia i Cirurgia Toràcica, Hospital Clínic, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belda
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cavalcanti
authors.forename: Miquel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferrer
authors.forename: Mireia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Puig de la Bellacasa
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Canalis
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001980:Bronchi / Q000382:microbiology*; D001999:Bronchoscopy; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011013:Pneumonectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000382:microbiology*; D012307:Risk Factors