title: Microflora in oral ecosystems in subjects with hyposalivation due to medicines or of unknown origin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the microbial flora in specific sites in 20 dentate (> or = 16 teeth) subjects with hyposalivation due to medicines or of unknown origin and in 20 controls matched according to age, sex and number of teeth.
  
  
  METHODS
  The microbial samples were analysed for the following micro-organisms: mutans streptococci, Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces spp., associated with the development of caries, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia/Prevotella nigrescens, associated with plaque accumulation and gingivitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, frequently found in elevated numbers in periodontitis sites and Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, enterics and enterococci, associated with mucosal infections. The total microbial count was also registered, together with the total number of streptococci, associated with good oral health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the hyposalivation group, the mean age was 54 +/- 8 years and the mean number of teeth 25 +/- 3. The unstimulated secretion rate was 0.04 +/- 0.04 mL/min and the stimulated secretion rate 0.98 +/- 0.51 mL/min. Compared with the controls, the hyposalivation group tended to harbour a lower number and proportion of F. nucleatum on the tongue, and an increased number of enterococci in the vestibular region. In the supragingival plaque, the numbers of Strepococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. were significantly increased and the number of C. albicans tended to be increased.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate that subjects with hyposalivation due to medicines or of unknown origin have a supragingival plaque associated with the development of caries.
authors.affiliation: The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Faculty of Odontology, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. Annica.Almstahl@odontologi.gu.se
authors.forename: Annica
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Almståhl
authors.forename: Maude
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wikström
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003773:Dental Plaque / Q000382:microbiology; D064420:Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; D017753:Ecosystem; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology*; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D012463:Saliva / Q000378:metabolism; D012636:Secretory Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D014059:Tongue / Q000382:microbiology; D014987:Xerostomia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D004967:Estrogens