title: The effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on intraosseous healing of flexor tendon autograft replacement of anterior cruciate ligament in dogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 on intraosseous healing of the flexor tendon autograft in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) replacement.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized trial in animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-one adult beagle dogs were divided into 3 groups of 7 animals each. The ACL was replaced with a flexor tendon autograft in the left knee. The distal end of each graft was placed in the tibial bone tunnel. In group I, no treatment was applied in the bone tunnel. In group II, 0.1 mL of fibrin sealant was applied in the tendon-bone gap. In group III, 2 ng of TGF-beta1 mixed with 0.1 mL fibrin sealant was applied in the gap. Each animal was euthanized 3 weeks after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In pullout testing, the ultimate load of the graft-tibia complex of group III (188.2 +/- 51.4 N) was significantly greater than that of groups I (86.7 +/- 36.5 N) and II (99.0 +/- 18.7 N) (P = .005). There were no significant differences between groups I and II. Histologically, the perpendicular collagen fibers connecting the tendon to the bone were narrowly seen in groups I and II, whereas the fibers were richly generated in group III.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In ACL replacement using flexor tendon autograft, exogenous administration of TGF-beta1 significantly increased the bonding strength of the graft to the tunnel wall at 3 weeks, although the long-term effects are unknown.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intraosseous healing of the flexor tendon autograft in ACL reconstruction may be enhanced by a use of some growth factors involving TGF-beta1 in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shuji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamazaki
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.forename: Fumihisa
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: Harukazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tohyama
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minami
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016118:Anterior Cruciate Ligament / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016348:Osseointegration / Q000187:drug effects; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013710:Tendons / Q000637:transplantation* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013977:Tibia / Q000601:surgery / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014014:Tissue Adhesives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1