title: Noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide in infants and children with congenital heart disease: end-tidal versus transcutaneous techniques.
abstract: End-tidal CO2 (ET(CO2)) monitoring and transcutaneous (TC) CO2 monitoring were prospectively compared in 53 patients, 1 month to 16 years of age, with congenital heart disease (CHD). There were 32 patients with cyanotic CHD and 21 with acyanotic CHD. The TC-Pa(CO2) difference was 2 +/- 1 mm Hg and the ET-Pa(CO2) difference was 5 +/- 3 mm Hg (P < .0001). The TC-Pa(CO2) difference was < or = 2 mm Hg in 30 of 53 patients and < or = 5 mm Hg in 53 of 53 patients. The ET-Pa(CO2) difference was < or = 2 mm Hg in 9 of 53 patients and < or = 5 mm Hg in 30 of 53 patients (P < .001). No variation in the TC-Pa(CO2) difference was noted based on the type of CHD (acyanotic vs cyanotic) or age. The ET-Pa(CO2) difference was greater in patients with cyanotic versus acyanotic CHD (7 +/- 3 mm Hg vs 4 +/- 2 mm Hg, P < .0001) and in patients < or = 1 year of age versus patients > or = 1 year of age (6 +/- 3 mm Hg vs 4 +/- 2, P = .008). In infants and children with CHD, TC monitoring provides a more accurate estimation of Pa(CO2) than ET monitoring.
authors.affiliation: University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Pierantonio
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: JoAnne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Tobias
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; D019296:Capnography; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003490:Cyanosis; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide