title: Port-access cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest.
abstract: In the past decade, laparoscopic and thoracoscopiC technology have significantly and irreversibly altered the approach to many general and thoracic surgical diseases. With advances in laparoscopy and thoracoscopy, the concept of a minimally invasive approach to cardiac surgery has been realized.
authors.affiliation: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Fann
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Pompili
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Siegel
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: St Goar
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Burdon