title: Effects of porta-systemic shunting and ammonia infusion on cerebral blood flow autoregulation in the rat.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Portacaval shunting of blood, hyperammonemia, and impaired cerebral blood flow (CBF) autoregulation are assumed to be involved in the development of high intracranial pressure (ICP) in liver failure. In this study, we determined whether CBF autoregulation is impaired by portacaval anastomosis and hyperammonemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four groups of pentobarbital-sedated and mechanically ventilated rats were investigated after construction of a portacaval anastomosis or following sham operation. Half of the rats received either infusion of ammonia (55 micromol/kg/minute) or saline for 180 minutes. Arterial pressure and ICP was monitored, and lower limit of CBF autoregulation was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lower limit of autoregulation was preserved in all four groups of studied animals; vehicle lower limits were 40 +/- 2.3, 40 +/- 2, 54 +/- 1, and 51 +/- 3 mmHg in sham-operated rats, sham rats receiving ammonia infusion, portacaval anastomosis-vehicle animals, and portacaval anastomosis-hyperammonemia animals, respectively. The lower limit of auto regulation was higher in portacaval anastomosis rats (p = 0.01) compared to the sham- operated rats. Hyperammonemia in portacaval anastomosis rats did not aggravate this.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Portacaval anastomosis and hyperammonemia does not impair the lower limit of CBF autoregulation. However, shunting of portal blood to the systemic circulation shifts the lower limit of autoregulation to higher blood pressure values, making the brain more sensitive to episodes of arterial hypotension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. stolze@post3.tele.dk
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dethloff
authors.forename: Gitte Moos
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Bent Adel
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Fin Stolze
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Larsen
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D011170:Portasystemic Shunt, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000641:Ammonia