title: Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in pregnant women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus co-infection among pregnant women who are infected by human immunodeficiency virus and who attend an obstetric complications prenatal clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  A de-identified research obstetric human immunodeficiency virus database was reviewed regarding patient demographic characteristics, risk factors for infection, history of sexually transmitted diseases, and initial CD4 count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Four hundred fifty-five women who are infected with human immunodeficiency virus with 572 pregnancies were delivered over 11 years. The overall prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B or C virus co-infection in our population was 6.3%. More specifically, 1.5% was co-infected with hepatitis B virus, and 4.9% was co-infected with hepatitis C virus. Patients with hepatitis virus were more likely to use intravenous drugs (52% vs 18%; P < .01) and alcohol (38% vs 5%; P < .01). Co-infected patients were older (28 vs 25.6 years; P=.04), but there were no racial differences. Median baseline CD4 counts in hepatitis B virus co-infected patients were significantly lower (310 cells/mm3) than those in either hepatitis C virus co-infected patients (453 cells/mm3) or patients who were not co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (414 cells/mm3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One of 16 pregnant women who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus was co-infected with hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B co-infections appear to be associated with more compromised immune status in our cohort.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-9032, USA. PSANTI@parknet.pmh.org
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Santiago-Munoz
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sheffield
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McElwee
authors.forename: George D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Wendel
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013781:Texas / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population