title: One-stage anterior approach for four-vessel occlusion in rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a modified 4-vessel occlusion (4VO) rat model.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 1-stage anterior approach for making bilateral hemispheric ischemia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Modified 4VO method decreased cerebral blood flow to 12% to 14% of baseline levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This modified 4VO method is a minimally invasive, quick, reliable procedure for producing ischemic changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: John W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Calvert
authors.forename: Gen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kusaka
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley