title: Small intestinal submucosa bladder neck slings for incontinence associated with neuropathic bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We assess the results using small intestinal submucosa (SIS) for neuropathic urinary incontinence in a large single institutional experience. Ambulatory status was considered as a possible predictor of success.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients treated with SIS bladder neck sling procedures for neuropathic urinary incontinence with a leak point pressure less than 25 cm H2O and a minimum of 6 months followup. Continence was defined as wet (requiring pads or diapers) or dry (requiring no pads and dry underwear). Patients were classified as ambulatory (able to ambulate without assistance or using braces, crawling at home) or nonambulatory (confined to a wheelchair). Results were analyzed with regard to patient sex, ambulatory status and simultaneous bladder neck repair.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 females and 15 males 3 to 10 years old (mean age 9 years) were treated with SIS bladder neck slings (sling alone 27, bladder neck repair with SIS sling 9). Slings were performed along with reconstructive surgery in all cases (all had creation of urinary catheterizable channels and simultaneous or prior bladder augmentations). Minimum followup was 6 months (mean 15, range 6 to 42). Overall, 27 of the 36 patients (75%) are dry following bladder neck sling. In patients treated with the sling procedure alone 6 of 8 (75%) nonambulatory females and 8 of 10 (80%) ambulatory females were continent, and 3 of 4 (75%) nonambulatory males and 2 of 5 (40%) ambulatory males were dry.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SIS has equivalent rates of continence compared to series using rectus fascia in patients with neuropathic urinary incontinence. The ambulatory status of males should be considered when determining which treatment option is best for the patient with myelodysplasia and neuropathic sphincteric incontinence, as in our series ambulatory males undergoing sling placement alone had a poor outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
authors.forename: Rosalia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Misseri
authors.forename: Mark P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Cain
authors.forename: Anthony J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Casale
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaefer
authors.forename: Kirstan K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Meldrum
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Rink
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000637:transplantation*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000150:complications*; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D016741:Urinary Sphincter, Artificial; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*