title: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and antiangiogenic activity of farnesyltransferase inhibitor SCH66336 in human aerodigestive tract cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The farnesyltransferase inhibitor SCH66336, in combination with other receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibits the growth of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We examined whether SCH66336 inhibits angiogenesis of aerodigestive tract cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antiangiogenic activities of SCH66336 against NSCLC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and endothelial cells were examined with cell proliferation, capillary tube formation, and chick aorta (under hypoxic, normoxic, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF)-stimulated, and unstimulated conditions); reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; and western blot analyses. The specific roles of the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome machinery, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt pathways, and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in the SCH66336-mediated degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) were assessed with ubiquitin inhibitors and adenoviral vectors that express constitutively active MAP kinase kinase (MEK)1, constitutively active Akt, or Hsp90.
  
  
  RESULTS
  SCH66336 showed antiangiogenic activities and decreased the expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) and HIF-1alpha in hypoxic, IGF-stimulated, and unstimulated aerodigestive tract cancer and endothelial cells. SCH66336 reduced the half-life of the HIF-1alpha protein, and ubiquitin inhibitors protected the hypoxia- or IGF-stimulated HIF-1alpha protein from SCH66336-mediated degradation. SCH66336 inhibited the interaction between HIF-1alpha and Hsp90. The overexpression of Hsp90, but not constitutive Akt or constitutive MEK, restored HIF-1alpha expression in IGF-stimulated or hypoxic cells but not in unstimulated cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  SCH66336 appears to inhibit angiogenic activities of NSCLC and HNSCC cells by decreasing hypoxia- or IGF-stimulated HIF-1alpha expression and to inhibit VEGF production by inhibiting the interaction between HIF-1alpha and Hsp90, resulting in the proteasomal degradation of HIF-1alpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Ji-Youn
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Seung Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Floriana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Morgillo
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Waun Ki
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Ho-Young
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D015687:Cell Hypoxia; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes
chemical_list: D019883:Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D051231:Farnesyltranstransferase; D018841:HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010880:Piperidines; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D011725:Pyridines; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025801:Ubiquitin; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; C494918:AKT1 protein, human; C115354:lonafarnib; D003986:Dibenzocycloheptenes