title: Aberrant methylation of H-cadherin (CDH13) promoter is associated with tumor progression in primary nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Abnormalities in the H-cadherin gene have been reported in several human malignancies, including nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Aberrant methylation of the H-cadherin promoter also has been reported in NSCLC, but its clinical significance remains to be elucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors studied H-cadherin methylation in 305 patients with NSCLC to gain a further understanding of the clinicopathologic and prognostic significance of H-cadherin methylation in patients with NSCLC. The methylation status of the H-cadherin gene was investigated by using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis in paraffin blocks from 305 patients with NSCLC. Ki-67 expression was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. All statistical analyses were 2-sided with a 5% Type I error rate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H-cadherin methylation was observed in 130 of 305 tumor samples (43%). The prevalence of H-cadherin methylation was associated significantly with pathologic stage and was observed in 44% of patients with Stage I disease, in 23% of patients with Stage II disease, in 59% of patients with Stage III, and in 88% of patients with Stage IV disease (P = 0.001). H-cadherin methylation occurred with a 2.71 times greater prevalence (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.21-6.09; P = 0.01) T2 tumors than in T1 tumors and with a 3.78-fold greater prevalence (95% CI, 1.05-13.59; P = 0.04) in T3 tumors than in T1 tumors. However, lymph node metastasis was related inversely with H-cadherin methylation (odds ratio = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28-0.95; P = 0.03), and H-cadherin methylation was not associated with the Ki-67 labeling index (P = 0.53) or with tumor size (P = 0.89). No relation was found between H-cadherin methylation and survival in patients with Stage I NSCLC (P = 0.51) or in patients with Stage II NSCLC (P = 0.46).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current findings suggested an association between H-cadherin methylation and tumor progression in NSCLC but had no prognostic significance in patients with early-stage NSCLC. In addition, H-cadherin methylation may be a valuable candidate molecular marker for the early detection of NSCLC.
authors.affiliation: Center for Genome Research, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-Ku, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Seuk
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joungho
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Young Mog
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Joobae
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Duk-Hwan
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics*; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018307:Neoplasms, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D015820:Cadherins; C099972:H-cadherin; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen