title: Quaternized agricultural by-products as anion exchange resins.
abstract: The objectives of this study were the chemical modification of readily available, low-cost agricultural by-products to anion exchange resins and the selection of the best modified by-product for further use in anion removal. Resins were prepared through the quaternization of a series of 12 agricultural by-products with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHMAC). Phosphate ion adsorption assays were conducted at pH 7 in order to compare adsorption properties among the by-products. Quaternized corn stover showed the highest phosphorus adsorption at 0.66 mmole/g. Since corn stover exhibited the best uptake of phosphate ion, it was compared to a commercially available, cellulose-based anion exchange resin. Additionally, adsorption capacities of quaternized corn stover for arsenate, chromate, and selenate were evaluated and adsorption efficiencies were determined in simulated wastewater samples. Our results indicate that modified corn stover demonstrates good adsorption uptake for arsenate and selenate and especially for chromate.
authors.affiliation: USDA-ARS, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179-0687, USA. wartelle@srrc.ars.usda.gov
authors.forename: Lynda H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Wartelle
authors.forename: Wayne E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000383:Agriculture; D000837:Anion Exchange Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001151:Arsenic / Q000737:chemistry; D002482:Cellulose; D002857:Chromium / Q000737:chemistry; D018556:Crops, Agricultural; D008031:Lignin / Q000032:analysis; D010710:Phosphates / Q000737:chemistry; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D012643:Selenium / Q000737:chemistry; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000837:Anion Exchange Resins; D010710:Phosphates; D011506:Proteins; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014866:Waste Products; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C419307:n-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium; D002857:Chromium; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D012643:Selenium; D001151:Arsenic