title: Physical and mental health shortly after a disaster: first results from the Enschede firework disaster study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two to three weeks after the explosion of a fireworks storage facility in a residential area (May 2000, Enschede, The Netherlands) we assessed the self-reported physical and mental health among those affected by the disaster.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3792 residents, passers-by, and rescue workers, who were involved in and/or affected by the disaster and were > or =18 years of age.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At least 30% of those affected by the disaster reported serious physical and mental health problems 2-3 weeks after the explosion. Compared with reference values in the general Dutch population, high scores were found for somatic symptoms, sleeping problems, and restrictions in daily functioning due to physical and mental problems, such as anxiety, depression, and feelings of insufficiency. The strength of these differences varied between groups, based on the level of involvement and the level of being affected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results indicate that the fireworks disaster had a substantial impact on the health of those affected by the disaster. The health impact was most pronounced for residents and passers-by and also for rescue workers living in the affected area, but to a lesser degree. Physical and mental health problems were strongly associated with the shocking experiences during and shortly after the disaster.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Environmental Health Research (MGO), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. irene.van.kamp@rivm.nl
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: van Kamp
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: van der Velden
authors.forename: Rebecca K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Stellato
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roorda
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van Loon
authors.forename: Rolf J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kleber
authors.forename: Bertold B R
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Gersons
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lebret
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004190:Disasters; D005107:Explosions; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008603:Mental Health; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands; D015995:Prevalence; D012016:Reference Values; D018635:Rescue Work; D012737:Sex Factors; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires