title: Executive functioning in depressed patients with suicidal ideation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Suicidal thinking has been associated with cognitive rigidity, however, not all depressed patients contemplate suicide. Therefore, we hypothesized that compared with depressed subjects without suicidal ideation, depressed individuals with suicidal ideation would display poorer performance on measures of executive functioning that involve mental flexibility.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-patients with a current major depressive episode who had no current suicidal ideation (n=28) were compared with those who had current suicidal ideation (n=5) on measures of executive functioning and two neurocognitive tests that predominantly assess non-frontal regions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with non-suicidal depressed patients, depressed suicidal patients performed significantly worse on several measures of executive functioning after controlling for age, IQ, severity of depression and prior suicide attempts. The two groups performed similarly on tests that predominantly assess non-frontal regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depressed individuals contemplating suicide have cognitive rigidity, which does not appear to be a global brain dysfunction. Suicidal mental states may result from dysfunctional executive decision-making that is associated with the frontal lobe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA. pmmarzuk2med.cornell.edu
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Marzuk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hartwell
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Portera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013406:Suicide, Attempted / Q000523:psychology*