title: Facelift: measurement of superficial muscular aponeurotic system advancement with and without zygomaticus major muscle release.
abstract: Multiple authors have sought ways to improve nasolabial folds, jowls, and jaw lines with face-lifting procedures. The retaining ligaments of the face support facial soft tissue in the normal anatomic position. However, with age, gravitational changes occur, and fat descends into the plane between the superficial and deep facial fascia. Face-lift procedures are designed to lift these sagging tissues. To date, the authors have not found a study that quantifies the amount of vertical advancement gain when a face-lift operation is performed with elevation of the superficial muscular aponeurotic system (SMAS). The movement was studied in 22 rhytidectomy SMAS flaps, and measurements of the vertical advancement were compared using two different SMAS patterns. Elevation and fixation of the SMAS was accomplished under the same conditions, and by the same surgeon. A high SMAS elevation was performed after skin and retaining ligaments were released. Precise measurements were obtained at the medial and lateral edges of the SMAS and before and after a backcut release from the zygomaticus major muscle. The results demonstrated an average improvement in medial flap shift gain of 14.04 mm after the release. There were no complications from these measurements during a 16-month follow-up period. The authors believe this is a particularly interesting finding because it demonstrates and quantifies an increased medial SMAS advancement shift with this maneuver, and therefore improves the cosmetic appearance of the jowls and the midface. Excellent aesthetic results were obtained with a high level of patient satisfaction.
authors.affiliation: The Aesthetic Center for Plastic Surgery, 12727 Kimberley Lane, Suite 300, Houston, TX 77024, USA.
authors.forename: Henry A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Mentz
authors.forename: Amado
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Razura
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Patronella
authors.forename: German
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Newall
mesh_terms: D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D016707:Tissue Fixation / Q000379:methods*; D015050:Zygoma / Q000601:surgery*