title: Severe lactic acidosis complicating metformin overdose successfully treated with high-volume venovenous hemofiltration and aggressive alkalinization.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this report of a near-fatal metformin ingestion successfully treated with alkalinization and high-volume hemofiltration, we discuss the management of severe lactic acidosis and demonstrate that early aggressive intervention resulted in a positive outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary pediatric intensive care unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient was a healthy 14-yr-old female found by a sibling following a seizure of unknown duration, thought to be secondary to hypoglycemia as a consequence of a self-ingestion of metformin, atenolol, and diclofenac. She responded well to advanced resuscitation but progressively developed severe lactic acidosis, bradycardia, and hypotension in addition to persistent hypoglycemia. The peak lactate level was 37.5 mmol/L with an albumin corrected anion gap of 65 mmol/L.
  
  
  METHODS
  She was treated with high-volume venovenous hemofiltration and aggressive alkalinization therapy. The latter facilitated control of severe acidosis, whereas the hemofiltration removed the ingested drugs in addition to endogenously produced lactate precipitated by metformin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this case, early and aggressive treatment of the acidosis and cardiovascular compromise with inotropes, venovenous hemofiltration, and large doses of sodium bicarbonate in metformin overdose resulted in a successful outcome even in the presence of severe acidosis and very high lactate levels.
authors.affiliation: Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Western Bank, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: Ceri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hickman
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hinson
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ralph
authors.forename: Anton
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mayer
mesh_terms: D000140:Acidosis, Lactic / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000628:therapy*; D000293:Adolescent; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006440:Hemofiltration; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000506:poisoning*; D008687:Metformin / Q000506:poisoning*; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D008687:Metformin