title: Promoter hypermethylation of the potential tumor suppressor DAL-1/4.1B gene in renal clear cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal clear cell carcinoma (RCCC) is a malignant tumor with poor prognosis caused by the high incidence of metastasis to distal organs. Although metastatic RCCC cells frequently show aberrant cytoskeletal organization, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated. DAL-1/4.1B is an actin-binding protein implicated in the cytoskeleton-associated processes, while its inactivation is frequently observed in lung and breast cancers and meningiomas, suggesting that 4.1B is a potential tumor suppressor. We studied a possible involvement of 4.1B in RCCCs and evaluated it as a clinical indicator. 4.1B protein was detected in the proximal convoluted tubules of human kidney, the presumed cell of origin of RCCC. On the other hand, loss or marked reduction of its expression was observed in 10 of 19 (53%) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and 12 of 19 (63%) surgically resected RCCC by reverse transcription-PCR. Bisulfite sequencing or bisulfite SSCP analyses revealed that the 4.1B promoter was methylated in 9 of 19 (47%) RCC cells and 25 of 55 (45%) surgically resected RCCC, and inversely correlated with 4.1B expression (p < 0.0001). Aberrant methylation appeared to be a relatively early event because more than 40% of the tumors with pT1a showed hypermethylation. Furthermore, 4.1B methylation correlated with a nuclear grade (p = 0.017) and a recurrence-free survival (p = 0.0036) and provided an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.038, relative risk 10.5). These results indicate that the promoter methylation of the 4.1B is one of the most frequent epigenetic alterations in RCCC and could predict the metastatic recurrence of the surgically resected RCCC.
authors.affiliation: Tumor Suppression and Functional Genomics Project, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Shinji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kikuchi
authors.forename: Yuko N
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakurai-Yageta
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Kyoichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tomita
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakizoe
authors.forename: Tadaichi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitamura
authors.forename: Yae
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Murakami
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D019175:DNA Methylation; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D044127:Epigenesis, Genetic; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011379:Prognosis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C116887:EPB41L3 protein, human; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins