title: A case-control pilot study on n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid as a negative risk factor for myocardial infarction.
abstract: The relation between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and nonfatal myocardial infarction is still controversial. A multicenter case-control pilot study on n-3 PUFA as a negative risk factor for myocardial infarction was performed in Niigata prefecture. Seventy-three patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and age and gender matched controls (n = 84) were recruited. Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in patients with AMI than the controls (8.1 +/- 6.7 ng/mL versus 5.8 +/- 3.7 ng/mL, P < 0.01), and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) levels were significantly lower in patients with AMI than the controls (46 +/- 10.5 mg/dL versus 60 +/- 15 mg/dL, P < 0.00001). Statistically significant differences were preserved in leptin and HDLc when the data were analyzed separately by gender. Serum levels (%weight) of linolenic acid (C18:3:n3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5:n3), docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5:n3), and total n-3 PUFA were significantly lower in patients with AMI than the control group (P < 0.000001, < 0.05, < 0.05, < 0.05, respectively). The serum n-3 PUFA/saturated fatty acid (SF) ratio and n-3 PUFA/n-9 monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) ratio were significantly lower in patients with AMI than the controls (P < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). When the subjects were separated into two categories according to an n-3/n-6 PUFA ratio below 0.3 or above 0.3, patients with AMI were more frequently in the former while the controls were more frequently in the latter (P < 0.05). N-3 PUFA may be a negative risk factor for AMI. The results suggest leptin is a risk factor for AMI irrespective of ethnicity and gender.
authors.affiliation: Niigata Prefectural Yoshida Hospital, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Nishikanbara, Niigata 959-0242, Japan.
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Katsuharu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hatada
authors.forename: Kiminori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Katoh
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshifusa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid / Q000097:blood; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D020738:Leptin; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D002784:Cholesterol; D015118:Eicosapentaenoic Acid