title: Macrolides and airway inflammation in children.
abstract: For more than 20 years macrolide antibiotics have been used to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases based on their immunomodulatory activity. Macrolide antibiotics down-regulate damaging prolonged inflammation as well as increase mucus clearance, decrease bacterial virulence and prevent biofilm formation. Initially shown to decrease morbidity and mortality in diffuse panbronchiolitis and in steroid-dependent asthma, long-term macrolide therapy has now been shown to significantly reduce exacerbations and improve lung function and quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis. They have also proven beneficial in Japanese children and adults with chronic sinobronchitis especially when there is nasal polyposis. Long-term macrolides have also proven clinically beneficial in some patients with plastic bronchitis. Adverse reactions are few and generally self-limited when used at the recommended dosage for immunomodulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1081 USA.
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.forename: Bruce K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rubin
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000188:drug therapy; D017963:Azithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001991:Bronchitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D002648:Child; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D004351:Drug Resistance; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000188:drug therapy; D018942:Macrolides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D018942:Macrolides; D017963:Azithromycin; D017291:Clarithromycin