title: Dysfunctional elimination symptoms in childhood and adulthood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The dysfunctional elimination syndrome (DES) is rare in adulthood. We evaluate the natural history of DES to identify aspects of the disorder that may be carried into adulthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-part questionnaire was devised and self-administered to 191 consecutive women attending a urogynecological clinic (UG) and to 251 normal women. The first section asked for recall of childhood symptoms known to be associated with DES, while the lat-ter section explored current bladder and bowel problems. Data sets from the normal cohort (55) reporting current bladder problems were excluded. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used to compare variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  UG patients had significantly higher childhood DES scores than normal women. Overall 41.7% of UG patients could be labeled as having dysfunctional elimination as an adult. Symptoms reported significantly more often in childhood by UG patients than by control women were frequent urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, frequency, urge incontinence, slow and intermittent urine flow, small volume high urge voids, hospitalization for constipation, frequent fecal soiling and nocturnal enuresis. Higher DES scores correlated significantly with current adult urgency, urge leak, stress incontinence, incomplete emptying, post-void leak, hesitancy, nocturia and nocturnal enuresis. Constipation and fecal incontinence in adulthood also showed a significant association with high DES scores. Logistic regression revealed childhood urgency to be associated with adult DES.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood lower urinary tract dysfunction may have a negative impact on bladder and bowel function later life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. wendyb@surgery.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Bower
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D019960:Elimination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires