title: An experimental study on the effect of encircling band procedure on silicone oil emulsification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Silicone oil is a useful tamponading material used in complex vitroretinal surgery. However, the use of silicone oil is associated with emulsification which can lead to vision threatening complications. The authors developed an experimental model to study the effect of encircling band on silicone oil emulsification.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two identical artificial eye chambers were constructed with circumferential indentations placed at the sphere's equator (mimicking an encircling band indentation), and filled with varying amounts of Silicone Oil 1000 centistrokes (Adato, Bausch and Lomb, UK) and balanced salt solution. The chambers were then placed on a horizontal rotating shaker, mimicking physiological saccadic eye movements, which spun the chambers at 100 Hz for 5 days at 37 degrees C. Emulsification was then quantified by dark field microscopy, digital photography, and manual counting by a masked observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean (standard deviation (SD)) values of silicone emulsification bubbles were as follows: in the 90% silicone oil filled chamber with no encircling band, 139.1 (SD 313.4); in the 90% silicone oil filled chamber with encircling band, 10.9 (SD 22.2) (p<0.0001); in the 75% silicone oil filled chamber with no encircling band, 103.6 (SD 272.6); in the 75% silicone oil filled chamber with encircling band, 18.5 (SD 32), (p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The emulsification of silicone oil results from friction between the silicone oil and aqueous liquids. The results from this study suggest silicone oil emulsification is reduced by (1) more complete silicone oil fill and (2) indentation from an encircling band. The authors hypothesise that both these measures resulted in reduced emulsification by reducing silicone oil/aqueous movement and resulting shearing forces.
authors.affiliation: Western Eye Hospital, Marylebone Road, London NW1 5YE, UK.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Schulenburg
mesh_terms: D004655:Emulsions; D006801:Humans; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011312:Pressure; D012163:Retinal Detachment / Q000601:surgery*; D012212:Rheology; D012438:Saccades; D012591:Scleral Buckling; D012827:Silicone Oils / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D012827:Silicone Oils