title: Continuity of axes I and II: toward a unified model of personality, personality disorders, and clinical disorders.
abstract: In the current standard psychiatric nomenclature, the DSM-IV-TR (APA, 2000), mental disorders are divided into two groups: Clinical Disorders (CDs) and Personality Disorders (PDs), and CD and PD diagnoses are recorded on two separate axes (Axes I and II, respectively). This article considers evidence regarding putative bases for distinguishing between CDs and PDs, and finds that these constructs are more similar than distinct. Links between the domains may be better understood by focusing on how personality connects CDs and PDs. This perspective underlines the need to work toward a more unified model of personality, PDs, and CDs in research and in future editions of the DSM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, N414 Elliott Hall, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0344, USA. krueg038@umn.edu
authors.forename: Robert F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Krueger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015897:Comorbidity; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D019317:Evidence-Based Medicine / Q000592:standards; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010551:Personality; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design