title: Different strategies for carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) recognition by serine 5-specific CTD phosphatases.
abstract: The phosphorylated carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, consisting of ((1)YSPTSPS(7))(n) heptad repeats, encodes information about the state of the transcriptional apparatus that can be conveyed to factors that regulate mRNA synthesis and processing. Here we describe how the CTD code is read by two classes of protein phosphatases, plant CPLs and yeast Ssu72, that specifically dephosphorylate Ser(5) in vitro. The CPLs and Ssu72 recognize entirely different positional cues in the CTD primary structure. Whereas the CPLs rely on Tyr(1) and Pro(3) located on the upstream side of the Ser(5)-PO(4) target site, Ssu72 recognizes Thr(4) and Pro(6) flanking the target Ser(5)-PO(4) plus the downstream Tyr(1) residue of the adjacent heptad. We surmise that the reading of the CTD code does not obey uniform rules with respect to the location and phasing of specificity determinants. Thus, CTD code, like the CTD structure, is plastic.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hausmann
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koiwa
authors.forename: Shankarling
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Krishnamurthy
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hampsey
authors.forename: Stewart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shuman
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008239:Lysine / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016601:RNA-Binding Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C416934:SSU72 protein, S cerevisiae; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D039221:mRNA Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factors; D012319:RNA Polymerase II; C465438:CPL1 protein, Arabidopsis; C506910:CPL2 protein, Arabidopsis; D010749:Phosphoprotein Phosphatases; D008239:Lysine