title: Distinct molecular signature of inflammatory breast cancer by cDNA microarray analysis.
abstract: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a clinically distinct and aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer with largely unknown genetic determinants. Overexpression of the RhoC GTPase and of HER2, and decreased ER-expression are involved in IBC. Multimodality treatment has increased survival but prognosis is still poor. Novel molecular targets for improved neoadjuvant treatment are necessary. Using cDNA microarrays, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of pre-treatment tumour samples of 16 patients with IBC and 18 patients with non-stage-matched non-IBC. Rigid clinical diagnostic criteria according to the TNM classification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer were adopted. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering accurately distinguished IBC and non-IBC samples. A set of 50 discriminator genes was identified in a learning group of tumour samples and was successful in diagnosing IBC in a validation group of samples (accuracy of 88%). Exclusion of ER-related or HER2-related genes did not alter this discriminatory accuracy, indicating that the expression of other genes in addition to ER and HER2 characterize the IBC phenotype. The molecular signature of IBC revealed the overexpression of a large number of NF-kappaB target genes, explaining at least part of the aggressive nature of IBC. Successful validation of some of the overexpressed genes by immunohistochemistry or real-time quantitative PCR demonstrated the robustness of the cDNA microarray experiments. The results of our study provide potential targets for the treatment of patients with IBC.
authors.affiliation: Translational Cancer Research Group, Lab Pathology, University of Antwerp/University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem and General Hospital, Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Van Laere
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Van der Auwera
authors.forename: Gert G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Van den Eynden
authors.forename: Stephen B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Adrian L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Dam
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Van Marck
authors.forename: Peter B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: Luc Y
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Dirix
mesh_terms: D001530:Belgium; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D016328:NF-kappa B