Sources of variability in determining malaria parasite density by microscopy.
Enumeration of parasites by microscopic examination of blood smears is the only method available for quantifying parasitemia in infected blood. However, the sources and scale of error inherent in this technique have not been systematically investigated. Here we use data collected in outpatient clinics in Peru and Thailand to elucidate important sources of variation in parasite density measurements. We show that discrepancies between readings from two independent microscopists and multiple readings from a single microscopist are inversely related to the density of the infection. We present an example of how differences in reader technique, specifically the number of white blood cells counted, can contribute to the differences between readings. We discuss the implications of this analysis for field studies and clinical trials.
O'Meara
Wendy Prudhomme
WP
Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. prudhomw@mail.nih.gov
McKenzie
F Ellis
FE
Magill
Alan J
AJ
Forney
J Russ
JR
Permpanich
Barnyen
B
Lucas
Carmen
C
Gasser
Robert A
RA
Wongsrichanalai
Chansuda
C
D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000469:parasitology; D016778:Malaria, Falciparum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008853:Microscopy / Q000379:methods*; D015588:Observer Variation; D010568:Peru; D013785:Thailand