title: Amelioration of experimental arthritis by a calpain-inhibitory compound: regulation of cytokine production by E-64-d in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Calpain, a calcium-dependent cysteine proteinase, has been reported to participate in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study is to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of calpain-inhibitory compounds in an animal model of RA and to clarify the underlying mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Arthritis was induced in BALB/c mice with anti-type II collagen mAbs and LPS, and the mice were treated intra-peritoneally with a high dose (9 mg kg(-1) per day) or low dose (3 mg kg(-1) per day) of E-64-d (a membrane-permeable cysteine proteinase inhibitor) or control diluent. As a result, a high dose of E-64-d significantly alleviated the clinical arthritis and the histopathological findings, compared with the control diluent, although a low dose of E-64-d did not have a significant effect. Next, we evaluated the effects of E-64-d on cytokine mRNA expression at the inflamed joints by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. High dose of E-64-d significantly decreased IL-6 and IL-1beta mRNA levels at the inflamed joints. The regulatory effects of E-64-d on cytokine production were also confirmed in vitro, using a synovial cell line (E11) and crude synoviocytes derived from RA patients. These results suggest the key roles of calpain in the pathophysiology of arthritis and that calpain-inhibitory compounds might be applicable to the treatment of arthritic diseases such as RA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. yoshifuj@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshifuji
authors.forename: Hisanori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Umehara
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maruyama
authors.forename: Mari
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawabata
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Tsuneyo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mimori
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001169:Arthritis, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002154:Calpain / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D007930:Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D002154:Calpain; D007930:Leucine; C108192:aloxistatin