title: Postcataract endophthalmitis in South India incidence and outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the incidence of acute-onset postcataract endophthalmitis, identify risk factors, and determine clinical outcomes in a tertiary eye care center in South India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective, interventional, observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who underwent cataract extraction from January 2002 to December 2003 at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of patients with acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery were reviewed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute-onset postcataract endophthalmitis, incidence rates, risk factors, organisms cultured, and visual acuity outcomes after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period, 36072 cataract surgeries were performed; these included 22294 cases of phacoemulsification and 9503 cases of extracapsular cataract extraction. A total of 19 eyes developed acute endophthalmitis after cataract surgery (average 2-year incidence, 0.05%). Ten cases were culture positive (average 2-year incidence, 0.03%). In multivariate analysis, increased risk of endophthalmitis was associated with intraoperative complications, such as posterior capsular rent and vitreous loss (relative risk [RR], 6.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-28.5; P = 0.05) for all endophthalmitis cases, age >60 years for culture-positive endophthalmitis cases (RR, 6; 95% CI, 0.7-47.8; P = 0.04), and an extracapsular cataract extraction technique for culture-positive endophthalmitis cases (RR, 4.9; 95% CI, 1.2-19.3; P = 0.001). After follow-up of 37 days, 5 (29.41%) of the 17 patients achieved a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/40, and the remaining 7 (32.3%) had a BCVA better than 20/200. Of the culture-positive cases, Nocardia species was the most common organism isolated, accounting for more than half of these cases (6/10 [60%]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study found the incidence of acute postoperative endophthalmitis after cataract surgery to be 0.05%. Extracapsular cataract extraction technique and the occurrence of intraoperative complications are major risk factors for developing endophthalmitis. Visual outcome after endophthalmitis was generally poor. Nocardia is a lesser-known but virulent organism causing endophthalmitis, the management of which still poses a therapeutic dilemma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ocular Microbiology, Aravind Eye Hospital and PG Institute of Ophthalmology, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India. lalitha@aravind.org
authors.forename: Prajna
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lalitha
authors.forename: Jyothsna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rajagopalan
authors.forename: Karthik
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Prakash
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ramasamy
authors.forename: Namperumalsamy Venkatesh
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Prajna
authors.forename: Muthaiah
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Srinivasan
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002387:Cataract Extraction; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology