title: Correlates of oxidative stress and free-radical activity in serum from asymptomatic shipyard welders.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in the development of welding-induced disease.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the effects of welding fume exposure on correlates of oxidative stress in the serum of asymptomatic shipyard welders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Blood samples from 197 male welders and 150 unexposed male office workers were analyzed for manganese and lead. Serum was assayed for protein, albumin, total antioxidant status (TAS), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), aconitase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), heat shock protein 70, isoprostane, and reactive oxygen species, using electron spin resonance and chemiluminescence. Comparisons between welders and control subjects on biomarkers of oxidative stress were made, and evaluated for the effects of age and smoking. Associations between blood levels of manganese and lead and biomarkers were also explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Welding was associated with increases in serum protein, GPx, aconitase, TAS, and isoprostane levels compared with control subjects. These group differences were not altered by age or smoking. In welders and control subjects, age was significantly associated with changes in albumin, TAS, chemiluminescence, GPx, and Mn-SOD. In welders and control subjects, smoking resulted in a decrease in GPx, and in a significant interaction between smoking and chemiluminescence. There were significant correlations between manganese levels in welders' blood and chemiluminescence, GPx, and Mn-SOD, and between lead levels and albumin, TAS, GPx, and Mn-SOD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results document that exposure to welding can cause changes in serum biomarkers of oxidative stress that may be valuable in clinical monitoring of disease development and in assessing whether further reduction of worker exposures is needed.
authors.affiliation: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, NIOSH/CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
authors.forename: Sung Gu
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Yangho
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Michael L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Kashon
authors.forename: Donna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pack
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Castranova
authors.forename: Val
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vallyathan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000097:blood; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000097:blood*; D013997:Time Factors; D014896:Welding
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D015415:Biomarkers; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D007854:Lead; D008345:Manganese