title: Localized COSY and DQF-COSY 1H-MRS sequences for investigating human tibial bone marrow in vivo and initial application to patients with acute leukemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop 2D 1H-MRS measurement sequences for the evaluation of bone marrow lipids, and to assess these measurement sequences in healthy and diseased bone marrow.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-voxel localized variants of COSY and DQF-COSY 2D 1H-MRS sequences were developed for use at 1.5 T to investigate the biochemical composition of human bone marrow in vivo. The performance of each sequence was initially tested in vitro using lipid phantoms. An unsaturated lipid proton index was developed to interrogate the degree of unsaturation within the triacylglyceride (TAG) acyl chains. Localized 2D 1H-MRS data were obtained from the bone marrow of healthy controls (N = 6), patients presenting with acute leukemia (N = 6) and patients with acute leukemia in remission (N = 4).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The COSY and DQF-COSY data recorded from all subject cohorts were similar, and the unsaturated lipid proton index did not reveal significant differences between patient groups. Variations in water content and measured relaxation times showed minor differences between the measurement groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No significant differences were observed in the spectra obtained from bone marrow using the 2D 1H-MRS sequences. A novel unsaturated lipid proton index was developed.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Prescot
authors.forename: Andrzej S K
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Dzik-Jurasz
authors.forename: Martin O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leach
authors.forename: Bhawna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sirohi
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Powles
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Collins
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013977:Tibia / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids