title: Genetic variation in UCP2 (uncoupling protein-2) is associated with energy metabolism in Pima Indians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is thought to play a role in insulin secretion and the development of obesity. In this study, we investigated the effects of genetic variation in UCP2 on type 2 diabetes and obesity, as well as on metabolic phenotypes related to these diseases, in Pima Indians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The coding and untranslated regions of UCP2, and approximately 1 kb of the 5' upstream region, were sequenced in DNA samples taken from 83 extremely obese Pima Indians who were not first-degree relatives.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five variants were identified: (1) a -866G/A in the 5' upstream region; (2) a G/A in exon 2; (3) a C/T resulting in an Ala55Val substitution in exon 4; and (4, 5) two insertion/deletions (ins/del; 45-bp and 3-bp) in the 3' untranslated region. Among the 83 subjects whose DNA was sequenced, the -866G/A was in complete genotypic concordance with the Ala55Val and the 3-bp ins/del polymorphism. The G/A polymorphism in exon 2 was extremely rare. To capture the common variation in this gene for association analyses, the -866G/A variant (as a representative of Ala55Val and the 3-bp ins/del polymorphism) and the 45-bp ins/del were also genotyped for 864 full-blooded Pima Indians. Neither of these variants was associated with type 2 diabetes or body mass index. However, in a subgroup of 185 subjects who had undergone detailed metabolic measurements, these variants were associated with 24-h energy expenditure as measured in a human metabolic chamber (p=0.007 for the 45-bp ins/del and p=0.03 for the -866G/A after adjusting for age, sex, family membership, fat-free mass and fat mass).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that variation in UCP2 may play a role in energy metabolism, but this gene does not contribute significantly to the aetiology of type 2 diabetes and/or obesity in Pima Indians.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department III, University of Leipzig, Germany. Peter.Kovacs@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kovacs
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Hanson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Franks
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stumvoll
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bogardus
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Baier
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D000328:Adult; D001130:Arizona; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American / Q000235:genetics*; D007473:Ion Channels; D008297:Male; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2