title: Variable interpretation of ultrasonograms may contribute to variation in the reported incidence of white matter damage between newborn intensive care units in New Zealand.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of cerebral white matter damage reported to the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network (ANZNN) varies between neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Differences in the capture, storage, and interpretation of the cerebral ultrasound scans could account for some of this variation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 255 infants of birth weight <1500 g and gestation <32 weeks born between 1997 and 2002 and drawn equally from each of the six NICUs in New Zealand were randomly selected from the ANZNN database. Half had early cerebral ultrasound scans previously reported to ANZNN as normal, and half had scans reported as abnormal. The original scans were copied, anonymised, and independently read by a panel of three experts using a standardised method of reviewing and reporting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was considerable variation between NICUs in methods of image capture, quality, and completeness of the scans. There was only moderate agreement between the reviewers' reports and the original reports to the ANZNN (kappa 0.45-0.51) and between the reviewers (kappa 0.54-0.64). The reviewers reported three to six times more white matter damage than had been reported to the ANZNN.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some of the reported variation in white matter damage between NICUs may be due to differences in capture and interpretation of cerebral ultrasound scans.
authors.affiliation: Newborn Intensive Care Unit, Health Waikato, Private Bag 3200, Hamilton, New Zealand.
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Bloomfield
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Teele
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Harding
mesh_terms: D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004453:Echoencephalography / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000592:standards*; D007969:Leukomalacia, Periventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D009520:New Zealand; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results