title: Assessment of hemodialysis adequacy by ionic dialysance: comparison to standard method of urea removal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The hemodialysis adequacy is one of the most important issues influencing the survival of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD). Assessment of measuring the delivered dialysis dose using clearance x time/volume (Kt/V) index requires multiple blood sampling. New methods for assessment of dialysis dose based on ionic dialysance (ID) have been suggested. Online conductivity monitoring (using sodium flux as a surrogate for urea) allows the repeated noninvasive measurement of Kt/V on each HD treatment. In this study we have compared this method with the standard method of estimating Kt/V.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 24 established HD patients over a 4 week time period. Patients were dialyzed using Fresenius 4008S dialysis monitors, equipped with modules to measure ID. Data were manually collected and analyzed using the appropriate statistical software. Urea removal (UR) was measured once a week by a two-pool calculation, estimating an eKt/V.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Kt/V measured by ID highly correlated with the one derived from the measurement of the UR (r=0.8959, p< 0.0001). The ID underestimated UR by the mean of 6%. The ID varied greatly within individual patients with a median of 1.29 +/- 0.22. If the eKt/V > or = 1.2 is considered adequate, 33% of the patients would have been inadequately dialyzed. The mean HD duration to achieve an adequate dialysis was 4 hours and 47 minutes with high interpatient variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ID seems to be an easily obtained measure of the delivered dialysis dose, correlating well with standard UR method. Substantial individual variations imply that repeated measures (ideally for all treatments) are necessary to obtain a real answer to the mean treatment dose being delivered to the patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Rijeka,T Strizića 3, Rijeka 51000, Croatia. sanjin.racki@ri.t-com.hr
authors.forename: Sanjin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Racki
authors.forename: Luka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zaputović
authors.forename: Ivica
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Maleta
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Grzetić
authors.forename: Zarko
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Mavrić
authors.forename: Bosiljka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Devcić
authors.forename: Bozidar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vujicić
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004867:Equipment Design; D004869:Equipment Safety; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014508:Urea / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D014508:Urea