title: Treatment effects of bonded RME and vertical-pull chincup followed by fixed appliance in patients with increased vertical dimension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of vertical-pull chincup (VPCC) therapy during an initial rapid maxillary expansion (RME) phase, followed by a second phase of comprehensive orthodontic therapy in growing subjects with mild-to-severe hyperdivergent facial patterns.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 29 subjects treated with bonded RME combined with VPCC followed by a fixed-appliance phase with continued use of VPCC were compared with a group of 29 well-matched patients treated with bonded RME only. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed before the start of treatment (T1), before the second phase of treatment (T2), and after the second phase of treatment (T3). Mean age at T1 was approximately 9 years for both groups. Total treatment period (phase 1, interim phase, and phase 2) was 5.7 years for the VPCC group and 6.2 years for the bonded RME-only group. Statistical comparison between the 2 groups was performed by means of independent sample t tests on the T2-T1, T3-T2, and T3-T1 changes. Cervical vertebral maturation stages were assessed at T1, T2, and T3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The VPCC induced significantly smaller increases in mandibular plane angle of about 2 degrees , lower anterior facial height of about 2.5 mm, and total anterior facial height of about 3.5 mm, compared with the RME-only subjects. These outcomes reflect the therapeutic changes that occurred during phase 1 treatment; phase 2 treatment was not associated with any significant difference in treatment response. No statistically significant differences in vertical dentoalveolar changes were concurrent with the vertical skeletal changes in the subjects treated with the VPCC compared with the RME-only group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical significance of VPCC wear over 2 phases of treatment (5.7 years) appears to be limited. The VPCC was most effective during the initial (RME) phase of treatment and of little benefit during the fixed appliance phase.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Scott O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: Tiziano
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baccetti
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Franchi
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D002680:Chin; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014716:Vertical Dimension