title: Meretrix lusoria--a natural biocomposite material: in situ analysis of hierarchical fabrication and micro-hardness.
abstract: The ultrastructure of clam (Meretrix lusoria) was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD) combining with in situ texture decalcified technique and the micro-hardness of clam was determined, in order to understand the spatial relationship between the mineral phase and organic matrix and further explain the correlation between the property and structure. The results showed that hierarchical fabrication is the major structure character of this mollusc shell. There is specific braided structure forming from domains composed of needle-like structure made up of the single crystal of aragonite. High magnification TEM image of clam indicates the intracrystal region of the aragonite single crystal is made up of subgrain phase and some amorphous substance. There are various crystal grain growth preferential orientations in the different growth direction of the shell. An amount of organic microtubule distribute evenly in the base of calcium carbonate as reinforcement phase. The mechanical property of this natural biological composite is better than other aragonite layer of mollusc shells and pearls according to the data of micro-hardness testing. The braided structure and organic microtubule reinforcement phase are responsible for its high mechanical performance. The stereo hierarchical fabrication of clam was elucidated for the first time.
authors.affiliation: College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhihong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tong
authors.forename: Yaoyao
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ren
authors.forename: Jiming
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
mesh_terms: D049872:Bivalvia / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry; D003460:Crystallization; D006244:Hardness; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000379:methods; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D002119:Calcium Carbonate