title: Differential regulation of avian pelvic girdle development by the limb field ectoderm.
abstract: Although limb development has been a subject of intense research over the last decades, development of the girdles has been poorly investigated. Particularly, a detailed analysis of pelvic girdle development including functional data is not available to date. Here, we describe the early steps of the formation of mesenchymal and cartilaginous anlagen of the pelvic elements using alcian blue staining in whole mount embryos and serial histological sections, and the expression pattern of several marker genes to provide an operative basis for further research in pelvis development. Moreover, we describe pelvis development after unilateral hindlimb bud amputation and somatopleural ectoderm extirpation. We show for the first time, that ectodermal signals at pre-limb bud stages are required for pelvis formation. We present evidence suggesting that the regulation of ilium development is different from the development of ischium and pubis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vertebrate Zoology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. malashichev@gmail.com
authors.forename: Yegor
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Malashichev
authors.forename: Valentin
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borkhvardt
authors.forename: Bodo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Christ
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scaal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002642:Chick Embryo / Q000196:embryology*; D004475:Ectoderm / Q000378:metabolism*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000601:surgery; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D018878:Limb Buds / Q000196:embryology / Q000378:metabolism; D009024:Morphogenesis; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000196:embryology* / Q000378:metabolism; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099260:Empty Spiracles Homeobox Proteins
chemical_list: D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D051761:Paired Box Transcription Factors; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000099260:Empty Spiracles Homeobox Proteins; C070835:PAX1 transcription factor