title: The pattern of CagA and VacA proteins in Helicobacter pylori seropositive asymptomatic children in western Saudi Arabia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to determine antibody prevalence to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence factors CagA and VacA in asymptomatic H. pylori seropositive children in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The possibility of differences in antibodies response patterns was also investigated in relation to gender, nationality and age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred and twenty-four asymptomatic H. pylori seropositive children (mean age 9.3 +/- 3.9 years; range, 1-14 years) were enrolled in this study from King Abdul-Aziz University and Maternity and Children's Hospitals, Jeddah, KSA, during the periods 2002-2003. The 35 kDa, CagA or VacA H. pylori antibodies were measured in the serum by immunoblot (Helico Blot 2) method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoblot assay yielded positive results in 215/224 seropositive asymptomatic children (96%). In those children, the prevalence of 35 kDa was 63.3%, VacA was 60%, CagA was 56.7% and for combined VacA and CagA antibodies was 45.6%. Prevalence of these bands did not show any difference between Saudi and non-Saudi children. Meanwhile, prevalence of 35 kDa, VacA, CagA, combined VacA and CagA antibodies were significantly elevated in males versus females (p<0.0001) and in children 10 years versus those in age groups 1-5 years and 6-9 years (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study showed high prevalence of H. pylori antibodies among asymptomatic children in Jeddah, KSA. The prevalence of antibodies against 35 kDa, CagA and VacA H. pylori antigens is higher in males and older children. The ELISA and immunoblot are non-invasive methods that were found to have adequate performance in pediatric population.
authors.affiliation: Pediatrics Consultant, Department of Pediatrics, King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, PO Box 17818, Jeddah 21494, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. soad_jaber@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Soad M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Jaber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017677:Age Distribution; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011336:Probability; D012529:Saudi Arabia / Q000453:epidemiology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; C074689:VacA protein, Helicobacter pylori; C080866:cagA protein, Helicobacter pylori