title: Ethnic differences in expression of the dysregulated proteins in uterine leiomyomata.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Black ethnicity is one of the risk factors for uterine leiomyomata (ULM). Little is known about the ethnic differences in leiomyoma-associated gene products in women with uterine leiomyomata.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 120 hysterectomies with ULM were collected from black, Asian, Hispanic and white women (30 cases from each group). Twenty-two gene products were selected for the study. The expressions of the selected dysregulated gene products were measured by the semiquantification and the immunoscores were normalized by matched myometrium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative expressions of progesterone receptor A (PR-A) (up-regulation), retinoid acid receptor alpha (down-regulation), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) (no change) in leiomyomata compared to normal myometrium in black women were significantly different compared to other ethnic groups (P < 0.05). About one-third of ULM from black women subclustered together in association with a group of up-regulated gene products. Many other gene products, including local growth factors, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-signalling proteins, and cell proliferation markers, were dysregulated in ULM but showed non-significant differences between the ethnic groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are substantial differences of the sex steroid receptors and other nuclear receptors between black women and other ethnic groups. Based on tissue microarray data, there are at least two broad groups of leiomyomata presented by the dysregulation of different groups of gene products. One is dominated by up-regulation of amplified in breast cancer 1, CD24, hamartin, human mobility group gene 2, IGF2, PR-A and RXR, and the other is characterized by up-regulation of epithelial growth factor receptor, down-regulation of hamartin, PR-A and tuberin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, bellevue Hospital, 560 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA. weij03@med.nyu.edu
authors.forename: Jian-Jun
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiriboga
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Arslan
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melamed
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yee
authors.forename: Khush
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mittal
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007120:Immunochemistry; D007889:Leiomyoma / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013002:Somatomedins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C000607071:RARA protein, human; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; D000072482:Retinoic Acid Receptor alpha; D047490:Retinoid X Receptor alpha; D013002:Somatomedins; C101118:progesterone receptor A