title: A strategic approach to transcatheter closure of patent ductus: Gianturco coils for small-to-moderate ductus and Amplatzer duct occluder for large ductus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effectiveness of the strategy of transcatheter occlusion with the Gianturco coil for small-to-moderate sized ductus and with Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) for large ductus.
  
  
  METHODS
  For ductus closure, the following strategy was applied: ADO was used in large ductus: infants and young children weighing < 15 kg with a ductus diameter > or = 3 mm and in older children or adults with a ductus diameter > or = 4 mm and coils were employed in patients with small-to-moderate sized ductus. During a 3-year period, this strategy was applied in 136 patients. The results were compared between 214 patients (group I) undergoing ductus closure using only coil before application of this strategy and strategic closure in 136 patients (group II). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup A with large ductus and subgroup B with small-to-moderate ductus. There were 54 patients in subgroup IA, 160 in subgroup IB, 33 in subgroup IIA and 103 in subgroup IIB, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In group I, PDA occlusion was successful in 207 (96.7%) and failed in 7 (6 of group IA and 1 of group IB). In group II, ductus closure was successful in 134 patients (98.5%) (32/33 with ADO and 102/103 with coils). There was no significant difference in success rate between group I and II. Distal embolization occurred in 19 patients of group I and in 2 of group II, respectively (19/214 vs. 2/136, P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in success rate between group IA and IIA but the distal embolization rate was higher in group IA than IIA (13/54 vs. 1/33, P=0.014). Left pulmonary artery stenosis was found exclusively in 9 patients of group I at the 6-month follow-up (P < 0.05). Nine patients in group I required second intervention to achieve complete occlusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The strategy of ductus closure worked well by reducing embolization rate, incidence of left pulmonary artery stenosis and the need of second intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, School of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. jkw@ha.mc.ntu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Jou-Kou
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Juey-Jen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Fu-Tien
authors.initials: FT
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Mei-Hwan
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ming-Tai
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Wen-Leeh
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hung-Chi
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lue
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004452:Echocardiography; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D016896:Treatment Outcome