title: Methylphenidate ('Ritalin') can ameliorate abnormal risk-taking behavior in the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia.
abstract: The frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia is a significant neurological condition worldwide. There exist few treatments available for the cognitive and behavioural sequelae of fvFTD. Previous research has shown that these patients display risky decision-making, and numerous studies have now demonstrated pathology affecting the orbitofrontal cortex. The present study uses a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo-controlled procedure to investigate the effects of a single dose of methylphenidate (40 mg) upon a range of different cognitive processes including those assessing prefrontal cortex integrity. Methylphenidate was effective in 'normalizing' the decision-making behavior of patients, such that they became less risk taking on medication, although there were no significant effects on other aspects of cognitive function, including working memory, attentional set shifting, and reversal learning. Moreover, there was an absence of the normal subjective and autonomic responses to methylphenidate seen in elderly subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the 'somatic marker' hypothesis of impaired decision-making following orbitofrontal dysfunction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Shibley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Trevor W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Hodges
authors.forename: Mitul A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nestor
authors.forename: Luke
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Barbara J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Sahakian
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003071:Cognition / Q000187:drug effects; D003704:Dementia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005715:Gambling / Q000523:psychology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000187:drug effects; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology; D012201:Reward; D012309:Risk-Taking
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate