A comparison of the aging and apoptotic transcriptome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
In this paper, we present the results of global transcript analysis by the microarray technique of senescent and apoptotic yeast cells. We compared young daughter and old mother cells isolated by elutriation centrifugation, and non-apoptotic and apoptotic cells induced either by a temperature shift of the cdc48(S565G) temperature-sensitive mutant or of the orc2-1 temperature-sensitive mutant. The majority of all genes found to be differentially regulated in these three physiological situations was upregulated, indicating that a cellular death process was initiated rather than an unspecific shut-down of gene expression due to immediate killing. The functional classes of genes upregulated in all three conditions were largely the same, although individual genes were in many cases not identical. The largest group of genes involved were nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial components or functions, which is understandable given the fact that apoptosis can be triggered by mitochondrially generated oxygen radicals and that mitochondria play an important role in the execution of apoptosis. Other functional classes consisted of genes involved in DNA damage response, in cell cycle regulation and checkpoints, in DNA repair, and in membrane lipid and cell wall synthesis. These functional classes represent the response of the cell to the known cellular insults, which occur during aging and apoptosis. As we have shown previously, final-stage senescent yeast mother cells (of the wild-type) are apoptotic.
Laun
Peter
P
Department of Cell Biology, Salzburg University, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, Austria.
Ramachandran
Lakshmi
L
Jarolim
Stefanie
S
Herker
Eva
E
Liang
Ping
P
Wang
Jianxin
J
Weinberger
Martin
M
Burhans
Debra T
DT
Suter
Bernhard
B
Madeo
Frank
F
Burhans
William C
WC
Breitenbach
Michael
M
D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000235:genetics; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000235:genetics; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000235:genetics*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair / Q000235:genetics; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000235:genetics; D008563:Membrane Lipids / Q000235:genetics; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D012331:RNA, Fungal / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D013729:Terpenes / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D008563:Membrane Lipids; D012331:RNA, Fungal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013729:Terpenes