title: Personality dimensions across cultures.
abstract: In order to generalize the dimensional structure of personality-relatively independent groups of covarying traits-across languages and cultures, a large number of cultures must be studied. Until recently only a few worldwide personality datasets have been available. The first large-scale studies indicate that the pattern of covariation between personality traits is universal and is relatively easily generalizable across languages and cultures. In contrast to the structure of personality, the comparison of the mean trait scores across cultures is much more problematic because cross-cultural differences turned out to be very small in their magnitude, about one-third of the magnitude of individual differences within culture. More integral (e.g., the similarity between personality profiles) or subtle (e.g., the disparity between positively and negatively worded items) measures can reveal more systematic relationships with relevant socioeconomic and geographic variables than the mean scores themselves. Relatively modest sizes of cross-cultural differences in the mean values may imply that a reasonable scalar equivalence can be achieved, and all individuals, irrespective of their language and culture, can be represented in a common metric.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tiigi 78, Tartu 50410, Estonia. juri.allik@ut.se
authors.forename: Jüri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allik
mesh_terms: D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D014943:Global Health; D006801:Humans; D007802:Language; D010551:Personality; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000592:standards*; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000592:standards; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012107:Research Design; D014175:Translating