title: Complications of acute infective rhinosinusitis: experience from a developing country.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Complications of acute infective sinusitis are a therapeutic emergency. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical presentation, microbiological pattern, treatment modalities and outcome of patients diagnosed to have acute rhinogenic orbital, intra- and extra-cranial complications from a developing country in Asia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review from October 1999 to January 2004 was conducted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 247 ENT surgical emergencies documented, 13 patients (5.3 percent) were diagnosed to have acute sinusitis with various complications either as in solitary or multiple forms. Orbital complications were the most common (61.5 percent) followed by acute subdural empyema (23.1 percent) and meningitis (15.2 percent). Subdural empyema was the most common intracranial complication. Staphylococcus was reported to be the most common offending organism (45.5 percent). Majority of the patients (84.6 percent) had surgical drainage of the affected sinuses, 38.5 percent being endoscopic drainage while external approach was done for those with coexisting osteomyelitis (30.8 percent). Two patients had combined approach, and one patient had post-operative facial paresis. There was no mortality in our series.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early detection, aggressive medical and prompt surgical treatment by multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmological, neurosurgical and rhinological procedures, can successfully treat the complications with a significant reduction in the morbidity and no mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of ENT, Speech and Hearing, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kurien
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Mathews
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mathew
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012220:Rhinitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D012852:Sinusitis / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed