Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass: an update.
Biologically mediated processes seem promising for energy conversion, in particular for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels. Although processes featuring a step dedicated to the production of cellulase enzymes have been the focus of most research efforts to date, consolidated bioprocessing (CBP)--featuring cellulase production, cellulose hydrolysis and fermentation in one step--is an alternative approach with outstanding potential. Progress in developing CBP-enabling microorganisms is being made through two strategies: engineering naturally occurring cellulolytic microorganisms to improve product-related properties, such as yield and titer, and engineering non-cellulolytic organisms that exhibit high product yields and titers to express a heterologous cellulase system enabling cellulose utilization. Recent studies of the fundamental principles of microbial cellulose utilization support the feasibility of CBP.
Lynd
Lee R
LR
Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA. lee.lynd@dartmouth.edu
van Zyl
Willem H
WH
McBride
John E
JE
Laser
Mark
M
D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018533:Biomass; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D044602:Cellulases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000191:economics / Q000378:metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005818:Genetic Engineering / Q000379:methods; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008031:Lignin / Q000378:metabolism
C036909:lignocellulose; D000431:Ethanol; D002482:Cellulose; D008031:Lignin; D044602:Cellulases