title: Trail induces cell migration and invasion in apoptosis-resistant cholangiocarcinoma cells.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising agent for cancer therapy; however, many cholangiocarcinoma cells are resistant to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. Resistance to apoptosis may unmask TRAIL signaling cascades favoring tumor biology. Thus our aim was to examine whether TRAIL is expressed by human cholangiocarcinomas, and if so, to determine whether it promotes a malignant phenotype. To address this objective, TRAIL expression in human liver specimens was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The effect of TRAIL on tumor cell migration, invasion, and proliferation was examined in three human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. TRAIL expression was upregulated by cholangiocytes in preneoplastic disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and human cholangiocarcinoma specimens. TRAIL promoted tumor cell migration and invasion but did not induce cell proliferation. TRAIL-mediated cell migration and invasion was NF-kappaB dependent. These data demonstrate that TRAIL promotes cell migration and invasion via a NF-kappaB-dependent pathway in human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, an observation that has a potential negative implication for TRAIL in cancer therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishimura
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Isomoto
authors.forename: Steven F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Bronk
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Gores
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha