title: Screening for postnatal depression in routine primary care: properties of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in an Australian sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  First, to explore the utility of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in routine primary care through a large community screening program. Next, to compare administration of a second EPDS versus the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in identifying postnatal depression in the prescreened population.
  
  
  METHODS
  Screening with the EPDS through Maternal and Child Health Centres at 4 months post-partum. Women scoring > or = 12 were assessed against DSM-IV criteria and completed a BDI and a second EPDS. These data were subjected to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 4148 screened, 533 (12.8%) scored > or = 12. Of these, 344 were assessed against DSM-IV criteria: 193 (56%) - major depressive disorder; 67 (20%) - other diagnoses that incorporated depression. Positive predictive value at screening was therefore 76%. Another 45 (13%) had non-depressive disorders and 39 (11%) were psychiatric non-cases. The BDI was the better diagnostic instrument in the prescreened population, having a significantly higher efficiency as quantified by ROC curve analysis, though the absolute difference in efficiency was small (approximately 6%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening with the EPDS integrated well into routine primary care. Two-step screening offers one way of achieving acceptable balances of operational simplicity and diagnostic accuracy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, School of Behavioural Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. jeannette.milgrom@austin.org.au
authors.forename: Jeannette
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milgrom
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ericksen
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Negri
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Gemmill
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D019052:Depression, Postpartum / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011320:Primary Health Care; D011594:Psychometrics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D014739:Victoria