title: Flow-mediated vasodilation predicts outcome in patients with chronic heart failure: comparison with B-type natriuretic peptide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to assess the predictive potency of impaired endothelium-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Chronic heart failure is associated with reduced FMD; the prognostic impact of this observation is unknown.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-five ambulatory CHF patients (United Network of Organ Sharing [UNOS] status 2) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < or =30%, despite optimized medical therapy (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, 100%; beta-blocker, 81%), were evaluated. Using high-resolution ultrasound, FMD of the brachial artery was assessed in addition to other neurohormonal, clinical, and hemodynamic variables. Age, gender, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, LVEF, hemodynamic variables, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, medical therapy, cardiovascular risk factors, and FMD were analyzed for prediction of the combined end point conversion to UNOS status 1 or death in a multivariate Cox model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Up to three years, 21 patients (28%) converted to UNOS status 1, and 6 patients (8%) died. Univariate risk factors for the combined end point were log BNP (p = 0.0032), FMD (p = 0.0033), NYHA functional class (p = 0.0132), beta-blocker therapy (p = 0.0367), and mean blood pressure (p = 0.0406). In the multivariate analysis, only FMD (p = 0.0007), log BNP (p = 0.0032), and mean blood pressure (p = 0.0475) were independently related to the combined end point. In the Kaplan-Meier plot, significantly more patients with FMD <6.8% (median) reached the combined end point, as compared with patients with FMD >6.8% (p = 0.004).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In CHF, impaired FMD is a strong, independent predictor of conversion to UNOS status 1 or death.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Deddo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mörtl
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Strecker
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hülsmann
authors.forename: Vanessa
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kulemann
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Neunteufl
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pacher
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain / Q000097:blood*; D011379:Prognosis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D020097:Natriuretic Peptide, Brain