Mad tales from Bollywood: the impact of social, political, and economic climate on the portrayal of mental illness in Hindi films.
OBJECTIVE
To study the portrayal of mental illness (especially psychosis) in Hindi films since 1950 and to study the influence of prevalent social, political and economic factors on each portrayal.


METHODS
Using two encyclopedias and one source book, films that had mental illness affecting one of the protagonists were identified. The social, economic and political factors were identified using history texts.


RESULTS
In the 1960s after India became a Republic, the political climate was one of idealism and as a result the portrayal of mental illness was gentle, more international in its outlook, and used psychoanalytic techniques. In the 1970s and 1980s, as a result of increased political and bureaucratic corruption and an unstable political climate, the portrayals became harder and psychopaths were portrayed more often. In the 1980s, the trend continued with female psychopaths, and avenging women emerged as a major force because the political and judicial systems were seen as impotent in delivering justice. In the 1990s, following economic liberalization, the women were seen and used as possessions in society and the cinema, and portrayals of stalking and morbid jealousy increased.


CONCLUSIONS
Hindi films since the 1950s appear to have been influenced by changing cultural norms which in turn affected the way mental illness is portrayed.
Bhugra
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Health Services Research Department, Section of Cultural Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
D000328:Adult; D003466:Cultural Characteristics; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D018596:Hinduism; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D007578:Jealousy; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000266:history; D009040:Motion Pictures / Q000266:history; D011057:Politics; D012737:Sex Factors; D012923:Social Class; D012924:Social Conditions