title: Ultraviolet A exposure alters adhesive properties of mouse melanoma cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We have examined whether ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation could alter adhesive properties of melanoma cells. As an experimental in vitro model, we have used C57BL/6 mouse-derived B16- F1 and B16-F10 melanoma cell lines and the syngeneic MS-1 endothelial cell line.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The melanoma cells were exposed to different doses of UVA irradiation. We have determined that a single dose of UVA at 8 and 12 J/cm(2) causes an 88% (P<0.001) and a 32% (P<0.05) increase in B16-F1 melanoma cell adhesiveness to the non-irradiated endothelial monolayer, respectively. The peak of the response was 24 h after the irradiation. The UVA dose of 8 J/cm(2) delivered in four doses separated by 1 h intervals (4 x 2 J/cm(2)) had led to a caused 149% (P<0.001) increase of B16-F1 melanoma adhesiveness already at 1 h after the last dose of UVA. Besides the induction of increase in the melanoma-endothelial cell adhesion, UVA exposure has induced a rapid decline (1 h after exposure) in homotypic melanoma-melanoma cell adhesion (clustering). The clustering decline of B16-F1 cells with a single dose of UVA at 8 J/cm(2) was by 61% (P<0.05) and by 35% (P<0.05) with 4 x 2 J/cm(2). Pilot experiments have shown that the changes of the adhesive properties of melanoma cells were accompanied by an increase in N-cadherin expression and a decline in E-cadherin expression. Such a change in cadherin expression profile has been shown to be an indicator of the increased metastatic potential.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that UVA radiation appears to alter the adhesive properties of melanoma cells in vitro, by diminishing the melanoma-melanoma adhesion and by increasing melanoma adhesion to the endothelium. This suggests that UVA exposure might increase the metastatic capability of the melanoma cells.
authors.affiliation: Radiation Biology Laboratory, Department of Research and Environmental Surveillance, STUK-Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority, Helsinki, Finland. riikka.pastila@stuk.fi
authors.forename: Riikka
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pastila
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Leszczynski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015820:Cadherins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000528:radiation effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000528:radiation effects*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; C489083:Cdh2 protein, mouse; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules