title: Superoxide generation from mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase induces self-inactivation with specific protein radical formation.
abstract: Mitochondrial superoxide (O(2)(.)) production is an important mediator of oxidative cellular injury. While NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) is a critical site of this O(2)(.) production; its mechanism of O(2)(.) generation is not known. Therefore, the catalytic function of NDH in the mediation of O(2)(.) generation was investigated by EPR spin-trapping. In the presence of NADH, O(2)(.) generation from NDH was observed and was inhibited by diphenyleneiodinium chloride (DPI), indicating involvement of the FMN-binding site of NDH. Addition of FMN increased O(2)(.) production. Destruction of the cysteine ligands of iron-sulfur clusters decreased O(2)(.) generation, suggesting a secondary role of this site. This inhibitory effect was reversed by addition of FMN. However, FMN addition could not reverse the inhibition of NDH by either DPI or heat denaturation, demonstrating involvement of both FMN and its FMN-binding protein moiety in the catalysis of O(2)(.) generation. O(2)(.) production by NDH also induced self-inactivation. Immunospin-trapping with anti-DMPO antibody and subsequent mass spectrometry was used to define the sites of oxidative damage of NDH. A DMPO adduct was detected on the 51-kDa subunit and was O(2)(.)-dependent. Alkylation of the cysteine residues of NDH significantly inhibited NDH-DMPO spin adduct formation, indicating involvement of protein thiyl radicals. LC/MS/MS analysis of a tryptic digest of the 51-kDa polypeptide revealed that cysteine (Cys(206)) and tyrosine (Tyr(177)) were specific sites of NDH-derived protein radical formation. Thus, two domains of the 51-kDa subunit, Gly(200)-Ala-Gly-Ala-Tyr-Ile-Cys(206)-Gly-Glu-Glu-Thr-Ala-Leu-Ile-Glu-Ser-Ile-Glu-Gly-Lys(219) and Ala(176)-Tyr(177)-Glu-Ala-Gly-Leu-Ile-Gly-Lys(184), were demonstrated to be susceptible to oxidative attack, and their oxidative modification results in decreased electron transfer activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Yeong-Renn
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chwen-Lih
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Liwen
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kari B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Green-Church
authors.forename: Jay L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Zweier
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide / Q000378:metabolism; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000201:enzymology*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism*; D021122:Protein Subunits; D019097:Spin Trapping; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D021122:Protein Subunits; D013481:Superoxides; C017245:5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide; D005486:Flavin Mononucleotide; D009245:NADH Dehydrogenase