title: Increased rat alveolar macrophage expression of functional iNOS induced by a Dirofilaria immitis immunoglobulin superfamily protein.
abstract: Dirofilaria immitis is a worldwide filarial nematode causing heartworm disease in dogs and cats. Several mosquito species, which are able to feed both on humans and animals, can transmit this parasite. Inflammatory progression of host tissues induced by parasites are mediated by several molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), which usually exerts deleterious effects on parasites and occasionally on the host. We analyze the in vitro effect of total D. immitis adult worm somatic antigens on naïve rat alveolar macrophage NO production and further separation of parasite proteins to define specific D. immitis somatic molecules influencing host cell NO secretion. Additionally, we address the possible influence of Wolbachia spp. on the in vitro production of NO by macrophages. Our results demonstrate that D. immitis adult worm soluble antigens are able to specifically induce NO production from host macrophages. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this effect is due to nematode antigens rather than to defined components (LPS and metabolic molecules) derived from its endosymbiont, Wolbachia spp. In addition, we were able to isolate and identify one of the parasite specific components from the DiSo extract, denominated DiID35.3 and putatively belonging to the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Protein (ISP) group, triggering NO release from macrophages in a dose-dependent and specific manner.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Avda, Campo Charro s/n 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: M Amparo
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Andrade
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Siles-Lucas
authors.forename: José Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Pérez Arellano
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pou Barreto
authors.forename: Basilio
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Valladares
authors.forename: Elsa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Espinoza
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004183:Dirofilaria immitis / Q000276:immunology*; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000145:classification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II