title: Prenatal methylmercury exposure affects spatial vision in adult monkeys.
abstract: Decades of research have demonstrated that exposure to methylmercury (MeHg), a ubiquitous environmental pollutant, can have both early and long-term neurobehavioral consequences in exposed offspring. The present study assessed visual functioning in adult macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) exposed in utero to 0, 50, 70, or 90 microg/kg/day of MeHg hydroxide. Twenty-one full-term, normal birth weight offspring (9 controls, 12 exposed) were tested at approximately 11-14.5 years of age on a visual contrast sensitivity task. A forced-choice tracking procedure was utilized with spatial frequencies of 1, 4, 10, and 20 cycles per degree of visual angle. On each test session, a single spatial frequency was presented across five levels of contrast, each differing by 3 dB. Methylmercury-exposed monkeys exhibited reduced contrast sensitivity thresholds, particularly at the higher spatial frequencies. The degree of visual impairment was not related to MeHg body burden or clearance and almost half of the exposed animals were unimpaired. The results from this study demonstrate that chronic in utero MeHg exposure, at subclinical levels, is associated with permanent adverse effects on spatial vision in adult monkeys.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Box 357234, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. tmb@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Burbacher
authors.forename: Kimberly S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Mayfield
authors.forename: Steven G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Deborah C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015350:Contrast Sensitivity / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D008767:Methylmercury Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D013028:Space Perception / Q000187:drug effects*; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D008767:Methylmercury Compounds