title: Biliary complications in living donor liver transplantation: imaging findings and the roles of interventional procedures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the incidence, types, and findings of biliary complications in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and to determine the roles of interventional procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four biliary complications among 161 LDLT patients (24/161, 14.9%) were identified. These complications were divided into two groups according to the initial manifestation time, i.e., "early" (<60 days) or "late". The CT and cholangiographic findings were reviewed regarding the presence of a stricture or leak and the location, and length, shape, and degree of the stricture. Both groups were categorized into three subgroups: leak, stricture, and both. The type of interventional procedures used and their roles were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Early complications were identified in 14 of the 24 patients (58%) and late complications in 11 (46%). One patient showed both early and late complications. Biliary stricture was detected in 10 patients, leak in 10, and both in 5. By cholangiography, all strictures were irregular and short (mean length 15 +/- 6 mm) at the anastomotic site and complete obstruction was observed in 2 patients with late stricture. Twenty-three of the 24 patients were treated using percutaneous and/or endoscopic drainage procedures with or without balloon dilatation. Seventeen (74%) showed a good response, but reoperations were inevitable in 6 (26%). All patients except those with complete obstruction showed a favorable outcome after interventional management.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biliary leaks and strictures are predominant complications in LDLT. Most show good responses to interventional treatment. However, complete obstruction needs additional operative management.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea.
authors.forename: Jung Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Jeong Min
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kyung Suk
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Nam Joon
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Yong Tae
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Hyung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Joon Koo
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Byung Ihn
authors.initials: BI
authors.lastname: Choi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001652:Bile Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000379:methods; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019520:Living Donors; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography