title: Clinical outcomes of a phase I/II study of 48 Gy of stereotactic body radiotherapy in 4 fractions for primary lung cancer using a stereotactic body frame.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the clinical outcomes of 48 Gy of three-dimensional stereotactic radiotherapy in four fractions for treating Stage I lung cancer using a stereotactic body frame.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five patients who were treated between September 1998 and February 2004 were included in this study. Thirty-two patients had Stage IA lung cancer, and the other 13 had Stage IB lung cancer where tumor size was less than 4 cm in diameter. Three-dimensional treatment planning using 6-10 noncoplanar beams was performed to maintain the target dose homogeneity and to decrease the irradiated lung volume >20 Gy. All patients were irradiated using a stereotactic body frame and received four single 12 Gy high doses of radiation at the isocenter over 5-13 (median = 12) days.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven tumors (16%) completely disappeared after treatment (CR) and 38 tumors (84%) decreased in size by 30% or more (PR). Therefore, all tumors showed local response. During the follow-up of 6-71 (median = 30) months, no pulmonary complications greater than an National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria of Grade 3 were noted. No other vascular, cardiac, esophageal, or neurologic toxicities were encountered. Forty-four (98%) of 45 tumors were locally controlled during the follow-up period. However, regional recurrences and distant metastases occurred in 3 and 5 of T1 patients and zero and 4 of T2 patients, respectively. For Stage IA lung cancer, the disease-free survival and overall survival rates after 1 and 3 years were 80% and 72%, and 92% and 83%, respectively, whereas for Stage IB lung cancer, the disease-free survival and overall survival rates were 92% and 71%, and 82% and 72%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forty-eight Gy of 3D stereotactic radiotherapy in 4 fractions using a stereotactic body frame is useful for the treatment of Stage I lung tumors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Kyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan. nag@kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takayama
authors.forename: Yukinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Norihisa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizowaki
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Michihide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mitsumori
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibuya
authors.forename: Norio
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Shinsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hiraoka
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013238:Stereotaxic Techniques; D015996:Survival Rate