title: Ventilation-induced neutrophil infiltration and apoptosis depend on apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Positive pressure ventilation with large tidal volumes has been shown to cause release of cytokines, including macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2, a functional equivalent of human interleukin-8, neutrophil infiltration, and apoptosis. The mechanisms regulating ventilation-induced cytokine production and lung cell death are unclear. Based on our previous in vitro and in vivo models of lung cell stretch, we hypothesized that high tidal volume ventilation-induced MIP-2 production, neutrophil infiltration, and apoptosis are dependent on the activation of apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1), the upstream activator of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).
  
  
  METHODS
  : Prospective, controlled animal experiment.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male C57BL/6 mice, weighting 20-25 g.
  
  
  METHODS
  C57BL/6 mice were exposed to high tidal volume (30 mL/kg) or low tidal volume (6 mL/kg) mechanical ventilation for 15 mins to 5 hrs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  High tidal volume ventilation induced MIP-2 messenger RNA expression, MIP-2 protein production, neutrophil migration into the lung, airway epithelial cell apoptosis, and activation of ASK1, JNK, and activator protein (AP)-1 DNA binding in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. ASK1 inhibition with thioredoxin attenuated high tidal volume ventilation-induced MIP-2 messenger RNA expression, MIP-2 protein production, neutrophil migration into the lung, airway epithelial cell apoptosis, activation of JNK, and AP-1 DNA binding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data showed that high tidal volume ventilation-induced MIP-2 production, neutrophil sequestration, and apoptotic cell death were dependent, in part, on activation of the ASK1/JNK/AP-1 pathway.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Li-Fu
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shuen-Kuei
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Cheng-Huei
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Ying-Huang
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Chung-Chi
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology*; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D054426:Chemokine CXCL2; D018925:Chemokines; C404915:Cxcl2 protein, mouse; D013879:Thioredoxins; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5