title: Thoracoscopic esophagectomy for intrathoracic esophageal cancer.
abstract: Thoracoscopic approaches for esophageal cancer are still disparate. Complete scopic technique is feasible for esophagectomy. Mini-thoracotomy is effective for excellent exposure of the mediastinum for lymph node dissection. The magnifying effect of a video, by keeping the camera in close proximity to the dissection is essential to perform the same quality of dissection as open surgery. The benefit, for respiratory morbidity, remains to be studied in a large number of patients. Minimizing the chest wall injury contributed, to the reduction of constrictive pulmonary damage. Survival after the thoracoscopic approach was favorably compared with open surgery, when extensive lymphadenectomy was performed. Because the efficacy improves with the surgeon's experience, satisfactory outcome will only be obtained in a center performing a sufficient volume of esophageal surgery to provide the surgeon with opportunities to refine his necessary skills. Improvements in technique and instrumentation should make the procedure more accessible and steepen the learning curve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: Harushi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osugi
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Sigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishikawa
authors.forename: Kennichirou
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higashino
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008197:Lymph Node Excision / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013906:Thoracoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome