title: Caregiver self-efficacy, ethnicity, and kinship differences in dementia caregivers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors sought to determine the effect of kinship status (daughters versus wives) and ethnicity (Hispanic/Latino versus Caucasian) on self-efficacy to perform tasks relevant to caregiving in a sample of family caregivers for people with memory problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data were collected from 238 female caregivers who participated in an intervention program. Ethnic and kin relationship groups were compared on measures of caregiver self-efficacy, acculturation within the Hispanic/Latino sample, and the relationship of self-efficacy to key outcome variables.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hispanics/Latinos reported higher self-efficacy on two of three self-efficacy subscales (Responding to Disruptive Behaviors and Controlling Negative Thoughts About Caregiving). Daughters reported higher self-efficacy on all three self-efficacy scales. Among Hispanics/Latinos, acculturation did not relate strongly to self-efficacy. Caucasian and spousal caregivers appeared to make more generalized appraisals about caregiving.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher self-efficacy among Hispanic/Latino caregivers may relate to cultural values about caregiving and/or ethnic differences in appraisal. Wives may be more at risk for low self-efficacy, which may relate to greater role frustration and distress. This study highlights the heterogeneity among caregivers in their experience of caregiving.
authors.affiliation: Older Adult and Family Center, VA Medical Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Mail Code 182C/MP, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Depp
authors.forename: Kristen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sorocco
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kasl-Godley
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rabinowitz
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gallagher-Thompson
mesh_terms: D000069:Acculturation; D000203:Activities of Daily Living / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D008609:Mental Status Schedule; D008875:Middle Aged; D009679:Nuclear Family / Q000523:psychology*; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D012945:Social Values; D018454:Spouses / Q000523:psychology*; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*