title: Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sickness presence, that is, going to work despite judging one's current state of health as such that sick leave should be taken, was investigated in relation to different work and background factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group comprised a random sample of 3136 persons who responded to a questionnaire administered in conjunction with Statistics Sweden's labor market survey. Logistic regressions were used in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-three percent reported the presence of sickness (on more than one occasion during the preceding year). Having a health problem is a strong determinant of sickness presenteeism (odds ratio = 3.32). For any given health status, there are certain other factors (personally and work-related demands) that impact on the risk of sickness presence, such as difficulties in staff replacement, time pressure, insufficient resources, and poor personal financial situation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study has identified different types of determinants of sickness presence. Under the assumption that there is a connection between high sickness presence and risk for future ill health, the results may provide assistance in the formulation of preventive measures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Work and Health, National Institute for Working Life, Stockholm, Sweden. gunnar.aronsson@niwl.se
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Aronsson
authors.forename: Klas
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gustafsson
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003625:Data Collection; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D018582:Sick Leave; D017132:Workplace