title: A clinical evaluation of titanium miniplates as anchors for orthodontic treatment.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the stability of titanium miniplates used as anchorage for orthodontic treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventeen patients with a total of 68 miniplates were enrolled. The miniplate placement sites were evenly divided between the maxilla and mandible. The patients underwent distal movements of the molars with miniplate anchorage to correct anterior crossbite or crowding without extracting the premolars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The posttreatment clinical examination showed that 5 miniplates, all in the mandible, failed before the end of treatment-a 7% failure rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further studies, perhaps with titanium miniplates of a different design, might be necessary to identify important factors for decreasing the incidence of complications when miniplates are used for orthodontic anchorage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University (Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences), Seoul, South Korea. choibh@wonju.yonsei.ac.kr
authors.forename: Byung-Ho
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Shi-Jiang
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yeon-Hwan
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001863:Bone Screws; D003722:Dental Alloys; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible; D008904:Miniaturization; D008963:Molar; D009532:Nickel; D016382:Orthodontic Appliance Design; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium