title: Differential detection of Hammondia hammondi from Toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: Hammondia hammondi and Toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. It is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. In the present study, primers were designed to specifically amplify the ITS-1 region of H. hammondi to differentiate it from T. gondii. Attempts were made to detect the presence of H. hammondi DNA in the tissues of mice infected with H. hammondi alone, as well as from mixed infections with T. gondii, using the newly designed primers. The de novo primers effectively amplified the H. hammondi-specific target fragment from all samples containing H. hammondi, including those with concomitant T. gondii infection. Further, the primers did not amplify any fragment from the related parasites like T. gondii, Neospora caninum and Hammondia heydorni. The new primers provide simple and efficient means to differentially diagnose H. hammondi from T. gondii even in samples containing both parasites, thus obviating the need for other labourious techniques like mouse bioassay and in vitro cultivation.
authors.affiliation: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sreekumar
authors.forename: M C B
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Vianna
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: K B
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Miska
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lindquist
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Dubey
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology; D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan / Q000032:analysis; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000032:analysis; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D051379:Mice; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D021745:Sarcocystidae / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D016054:DNA, Protozoan; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer