title: Bacillus anthracis edema toxin inhibits Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B effects in vitro: a potential protein therapeutic?
abstract: Various in vitro effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were mitigated by Bacillus anthracis edema toxin. In particular, levels of some SEB-induced cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha, gamma interferon) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha [MIP-1alpha], MIP-1beta) were significantly diminished or even nonexistent, depending upon the timing of edema toxin administration. Overall, these results suggest a novel use of B. anthracis edema toxin against a bacterial superantigen.
authors.affiliation: Integrated Toxicology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland 21702-5011, USA.
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Krakauer
authors.forename: Stephen F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Little
authors.forename: Bradley G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Stiles
mesh_terms: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018925:Chemokines / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D018925:Chemokines; D016207:Cytokines; D004768:Enterotoxins; C030325:anthrax toxin; C031818:enterotoxin B, staphylococcal