title: Expression of keratinocyte transglutaminase in cornea of vitamin A-deficient rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role played by keratinocyte transglutaminase (TG1, TG(K)) in the abnormal keratinization of the cornea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Vitamin A-deficient rats were produced as a model of severe dry eyes, and the expression of the mRNA and the enzyme activity of TG1 were examined in the corneas. The envelope proteins and keratins of cornified cells were also examined immunohistochemically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression and enzyme activity of TG1 mRNA on the ocular surface were significantly upregulated as the vitamin A deficiency developed. As the TG1 expression was upregulated, involucrin, loricrin, and keratin 10 began to be expressed on the epithelial cells of the cornea.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Upregulation of TG1 expression followed by the appearance of the envelope proteins and keratin10 in cornified cells indicated that TG1 is involved in the abnormal keratinization of the cornea.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan.
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Toshino
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shiraishi
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kodama
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ohashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D003315:Cornea / Q000201:enzymology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic / Q000502:physiology*; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D053550:Keratin-10; D007633:Keratins / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012172:Retinaldehyde / Q000097:blood; D011503:Transglutaminases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011498:Protein Precursors; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C064554:loricrin; D014801:Vitamin A; D053550:Keratin-10; C032253:involucrin; D007633:Keratins; D011503:Transglutaminases; C105804:transglutaminase 1; D012172:Retinaldehyde