title: Imbalance between soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors type 1 and 2 in chronic periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soluble types of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptors type 1 and 2 modulate the TNF-alpha-mediated inflammatory responses in chronic periodontitis (CP).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated the levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptor type 1 and 2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum of healthy subjects and CP patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-eight sera and 73 GCF samples were collected from 16 healthy subjects and 22 CP patients. GCF was collected from probing pocket depth (PPD)< or =3 mm sites of healthy subjects, PPD< or =3, 4-6 and > or =7 mm sites of CP patients. The levels of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptor type 1 and 2 in the serum and GCF were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total amounts of TNF-alpha, soluble TNF receptor type 1 and 2 in GCF significantly elevated with increasing PPD in both site-based (p<0.05) and subject-based (p<0.05) analyses. However, their levels progressively diverged as the pocket depths increased, with the soluble TNF receptor type 2 level being comparatively lower than type 1. On the other hand, soluble TNF receptor type 2/type 1 ratios in GCF decreased as the severity of periodontitis increased (p<0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The imbalance between soluble TNF receptor type 1 and 2 levels in GCF could be related to CP severity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.
authors.forename: Ikuyo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikezawa
authors.forename: Hideaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tai
authors.forename: Yasuko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Yasutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Johnah C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Galicia
authors.forename: Hiromasa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshie
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005883:Gingival Crevicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2 / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D047990:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 1; D047992:TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 2; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha