title: Intrapallidal lipopolysaccharide injection increases iron and ferritin levels in glia of the rat substantia nigra and induces locomotor deficits.
abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal iron handling may be involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The present study investigates the role of iron and the iron-storage protein ferritin in inflammation-induced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. Injection of lipopolysaccharide into the globus pallidus of young and middle-aged rats substantially decreased tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining in substantia nigra pars compacta four weeks after injection. Loss of tyrosine hydroxylase expression was accompanied by increased iron and ferritin levels in glial cells of the substantia nigra pars reticulata. Despite greater increases in nigral iron levels, ferritin induction was less pronounced in older rats, suggesting the regulation of ferritin was compromised with age. Automated movement tracking analyses showed that young rats recovered from LPS-induced locomotor deficits within four weeks, yet older rats failed to improve on measures of speed and total distance moved. Intrapallidal lipopolysaccharide injection also increased expression of alpha-synuclein and ubiquitin in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. These results suggest that pallidal inflammation significantly increases stress on dopamine-containing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Alterations in nigral iron levels and protein handing may increase the vulnerability of nigral neurons to degenerative processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, 310 Whitney Hendrickson Building, University of Kentucky, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0098, USA.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Stanton
authors.forename: X V
authors.initials: XV
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gash
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bing
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004298:Dopamine / Q000502:physiology; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology; D005293:Ferritins / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000502:physiology*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008124:Locomotion / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000378:metabolism; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D025801:Ubiquitin; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine