title: Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in hemodialysis patients receiving long-term hemodialysis therapy in Turkey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Toxoplasma is a globally distributed pathogen for humans and animals. In situations of immunodeficiency, Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) emerges as a life-threatening infection. Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted parenterally, flourish in state immunosuppression and, most toxoplasma infections are asymptomatic. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure. We undertook a prospective study of our maintenance hemodialysis patients to determine whether these sources posed a risk for transmission of T. gondii.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was carried out on patients undergoing regular hemodialysis in the dialysis units (Hemodialysis Center of Antakya State Hospital, Emir Hemodialysis Center and Antakya Hemodialysis Center, Hatay, Turkey) between January 2004 and June 2004. Two hundred and fifty-five hemodialysis patients and 50 healthy controls were studied for the prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) T. gondii antibodies positivity were found to be 195 (76.5%) of the 255 hemodialysis patients and 24 (48%) of the 50 control subjects. The difference between them was statistically significant (p<0.05). In addition, an increase of the seropositivity rate was detected with increasing length of time on hemodialysis treatment, indicating a statistically significant difference between these 2 parameters (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm a high prevalence of toxoplasma infection in hemodialysis patients. These patients are a risk group for toxoplasma infection. Moreover, it is recommended that hemodialysis patients who are susceptible to toxoplasma infections should be identified by T. gondii IgG and IgM specific serological tests. Therefore, patients undergoing hemodialysis should be screened for toxoplasma before dialysis to prevent the dissemination of this infection through the hemodialysis procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Medical Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
authors.forename: Sabahattin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ocak
authors.forename: Nizami
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Ali F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Eskiocak
authors.forename: Hasip
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aytac
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D015994:Incidence; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000628:therapy; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009894:Opportunistic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D018570:Risk Assessment; D014122:Toxoplasma / Q000276:immunology*; D014123:Toxoplasmosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan