title: Certain background factors exhibit an association with an increased risk for pancreatic calcification among Japanese male alcoholics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This was a cross-sectional study conducted from April 2003 through March 2004 to investigate the background factors related to pancreatic calcification (PC) in male Japanese alcoholics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Helical computed tomography examination revealed PC in 44 of 263 alcoholics, and this group was further divisible into 3 subgroups: "scant" (n = 24), "moderate" (n = 6), and "extensive" PC subgroups (n = 14). The extensive subgroup was associated with larger daily ethanol consumption (P = 0.05) and high-alcohol beverages, such as whisky (P = 0.02). The moderate subgroup was associated with a longer duration of habitual drinking (P = 0.04), whereas the scant PC group was associated with never having smoked (P = 0.05) and with low-alcohol beverages, such as beer (P = 0.09). None of the 40 subjects with inactive mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2*2 allele) exhibited PC (P = 0.004). Heterozygous alcohol dehydrogenase 2 genotype (ADH2*1/2*2) exhibited an association with the scant subgroup (P = 0.02). The TG12 repeats in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene tended to have a weak association with PC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Drinking behavior, smoking status, and genetic backgrounds are associated with PC and are likely to increase the risk for alcoholic chronic pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kurihama Alcoholism Center, Kanagawa, Japan. yuji-nakamura@mtg.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Maruyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D002114:Calcinosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator / Q000235:genetics*; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019512:Pancreatitis, Alcoholic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D050500:Pancreatitis, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C505032:CFTR protein, human; D019005:Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial