Cytokines in the induction and resolution of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is the prototypic T cell-mediated autoimmune disease model. Classically, this disease was viewed in terms of type 1 versus type 2 immunity: the type 1 cytokines IFNgamma and TNFalpha promoting disease, whereas an IL-4-dominated, type 2 response was protective. However, studies in knockout mice do not support this paradigm. More recent data point to important roles for IL-23 and IL-17 (rather than IL-12 and IFNgamma) in the establishment and persistence of the inflammatory lesion. IL-10 appears to be the dominant cytokine mediating recovery. The source of IL-10 includes B cells (most probably in the peripheral lymphoid organs). However, the key IL-10-producing cell within the central nervous system is a CD4+CD25+ T cell population that has regulatory function and is critical to resolution of the disease.
McGeachy
Mandy J
MJ
Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK.
Anderton
Stephen M
SM
D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology*; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology
D016207:Cytokines; D016753:Interleukin-10