title: [A questionnaire study of the relationship between gender and chronic pain].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between gender role orientation and the prevalence of chronic pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  The individual gender role orientation in a sample of 45 chronic pain patients (ICD 10 diagnosis, F 45.4) was compared to gender role orientation in a matched, pain-free control group. Gender role orientation was assessed by questionnaires on the self-attribution of stereotypic gender traits (GEPAQ) and on the extent of agreement with traditional feminine and masculine role norms (MRNS, FRNS). Group differences were compared by multivariate analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In accordance with the hypothesis, results confirmed that pain patients showed stronger feminine and weaker masculine role orientations than healthy controls. Pain patients additionally ascribed to themselves more 'feminine' (e.g. worried, nervous) and less 'masculine' (e.g. aggressive, cynical) traits.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sociopsychological variables of gender role orientation were related to chronic pain in the groups observed. An integrated model consisting of psychodynamic, sociological, and sociopsychological factors is proposed.
authors.affiliation: Sigmund-Freud-Institut Frankfurt am Main. nadineteuber@gmx.net
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Teuber
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thiele
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eberhardt
mesh_terms: D000374:Aggression; D001007:Anxiety; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires