title: Hesr, a mediator of the Notch signaling, functions in heart and vessel development.
abstract: Hesr genes are members of the hairy and enhancer of split-related (hesr) gene family of basic helix-loop-helix-type transcriptional repressors. hesr genes have been implicated in cardiovascular development as the primary targets of Notch signaling. Functional analysis of hesr2 knockout mice revealed abnormal cardiac hemodynamics, such as atrioventricular valve regurgitation and reduced left ventricular systolic function, caused by hypoplastic AV valves and abnormal cardiomyocytes. Recent evidence demonstrates that hesr1 and hesr2 function redundantly in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation during atrioventricular valve formation and maintenance of trabecular cells in the heart ventricles, and in arterial-venous differentiation of blood vessels. This review highlights the many functions of the hesr gene family in heart and vessel development.
authors.affiliation: Division of Mammalian Development, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima 411-8540, Japan. hkokubo@lab.nig.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kokubo
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyagawa-Tomita
authors.forename: Randy L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000254:growth & development*; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D006321:Heart / Q000254:growth & development*; D006801:Humans; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051792:Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins