title: A novel membrane bioreactor enhanced by effective microorganisms for the treatment of domestic wastewater.
abstract: The activated sludge membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been shown to have some advantages for the processing and reclamation of domestic wastewater. We hypothesized that certain microorganisms, chosen for their abilities to decompose the chemical components of raw sewage, would, when coupled with the MBR, significantly improve the stability and efficiency of this system. We selected environmental bacterial strains which oxidize ammonia and nitrites and produce protease, amylase, and cellulase for the development and testing of a novel biologically enhanced MBR (eMBR). We compared the eMBR with the activated sludge MBR. With the eMBR, the average values of effluent quality were: chemical oxygen demand (COD), 40 mg/l(average efficiency of removal 90.0%); and NH(4) (+)-N, 0.66 mg/l(average efficiency of removal 99.4%). Effluent qualities met the standard and were stable during the entire 90 days of this study. For the activated sludge MBR, the COD removal rate was 91.7%, and the NH(4) (+)-N removal (94.8%) was less than that of the eMBR. Start-up time for the eMBR was only 24-48 h, much shorter than the 7-8 days required to initiate function of the standard MBR. The biomass concentrations of total heterotrophic bacteria and autotrophic bacteria in the eMBR did not fluctuate significantly during the course of the study. Various kinds of microorganisms will establish an ecological balance in the reactor. Compared with the activated sludge MBR, the eMBR not only produced an excellent and stable quality of effluent but also resulted in a shorter time to start-up and significantly improved the efficiency of NH(4) (+)-N removal.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Environment and Health, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. junwenli@eyou.com
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Xin-Wei
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Tai-Shi
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Chang-Qin
authors.initials: CQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Jun-Wen
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000254:growth & development; D018533:Biomass; D019149:Bioreactors; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D012722:Sewage; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen