title: Pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins and ellagic acid in healthy volunteers fed freeze-dried black raspberries daily for 7 days.
abstract: Eleven subjects completed a clinical trial to determine the safety/tolerability of freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) and to measure, in plasma and urine, specific anthocyanins-cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-sambubioside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside, and cyanidin-3-xylosylrutinoside, as well as ellagic acid. Subjects were fed 45 g of freeze-dried BRB daily for 7 days. Blood samples were collected predose on days 1 and 7 and at 10 time points postdose. Urine was collected for 12 hours predose on days 1 and 7 and at three 4-hour intervals postdose. Maximum concentrations of anthocyanins and ellagic acid in plasma occurred at 1 to 2 hours, and maximum quantities in urine appeared from 0 to 4 hours. Overall, less than 1% of these compounds were absorbed and excreted in urine. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters changed significantly between days 1 and 7. In conclusion, 45 g of freeze-dried BRB daily are well tolerated and result in quantifiable anthocyanins and ellagic acid in plasma and urine.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1148 James CHRI, 300 W 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Stoner
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sardo
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Apseloff
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mullet
authors.forename: Wayne
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wargo
authors.forename: Vickie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pound
authors.forename: Alpana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sanders
authors.forename: Robeena
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Casto
authors.forename: XiaoLi
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D004610:Ellagic Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005638:Fruit / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry*; D005960:Glucosides / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D005960:Glucosides; C462279:cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside; D004610:Ellagic Acid