title: Nerve supply to the soft palate muscles with special reference to the distribution of the lesser palatine nerve.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Descriptions of the innervation of the soft palate muscles in previous studies have varied according to the author. In the present study, distribution of the lesser palatine nerve, through which motor fibers of the facial nerve are considered to reach soft palate muscles, and that of the pharyngeal plexus in the soft palate were investigated in order to reexamine the innervation of the soft palate muscles according to anatomical evidence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Observations suggested that the levator veli palatini and palatopharyngeus were doubly innervated by branches of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus, and that the musculus uvulae was innervated by only the lesser palatine nerve.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The soft palate is considered to be located in the border region between the areas of distribution of the lesser palatine nerve and pharyngeal plexus. This may be why controversies exist in previous studies about the innervation of the soft palate muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Neuroembryology, Kanazawa University, Japan. simoort1@med.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimokawa
authors.forename: Shuangquin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Shigenori
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010156:Palatal Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D010159:Palate / Q000294:innervation*; D010160:Palate, Soft / Q000294:innervation*; D010609:Pharyngeal Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D010614:Pharynx / Q000294:innervation; D014609:Uvula / Q000294:innervation; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000033:anatomy & histology