title: Increased atherosclerosis in mice lacking apolipoprotein A-I attributable to both impaired reverse cholesterol transport and increased inflammation.
abstract: To test the hypothesis that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) functions specifically to inhibit atherosclerosis independent of the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) by promoting both reverse cholesterol transport and HDL antiinflammatory function in vivo, we established a murine atherosclerosis model of apoA-I deficiency in which the level of HDL-C is well maintained. ApoA-I-/- mice were crossed with atherosclerosis susceptible low-density lipoprotein receptor-/-/apobec-/- (LA) mice to generate LA mice with apoA-I+/+, apoA-I+/-, and apoA-I-/- genotypes. There were no major differences in the amounts of non-HDL-C and HDL-C in the plasma between different apoA-I genotypes. A significant inverse relationship was observed, however, between apoA-I gene dose and atherosclerosis in both female and male mice. Compared with LA-apoA-I+/+ mice, serum from LA-apoA-I-/- mice had a significantly reduced capacity to function as an acceptor of ABCA1- and SR-BI-mediated cellular cholesterol efflux, and also had markedly reduced lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase activity. In addition, LA-apoA-I-/- mice had significantly reduced macrophage-derived cholesterol esterification and reverse cholesterol transport in vivo. There was significantly reduced plasma paraoxonase (PON-1) activity, impaired HDL vascular antiinflammatory function, and increased basal levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in the plasma of LA-apoA-I-/- mice compared with LA-apoA-I+/+ mice. In LA-apoA-I-/- mice, there was also greater induction of some, but not all, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide than in LA-apoA-I+/+ mice. We conclude that apoA-I inhibits atherosclerosis by promoting both macrophage reverse cholesterol transport and HDL antiinflammatory function, and that these anti-atherogenic functions of apoA-I are largely independent of the plasma level of HDL-C in this mouse model.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Ryan E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: Mohamad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navab
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Millar
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zimetti
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hama
authors.forename: George H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Rothblat
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rader
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase / Q000502:physiology; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology*; D001692:Biological Transport; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000150:complications*; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000502:physiology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: C577836:ABCA1 protein, human; D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D016207:Cytokines; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D002784:Cholesterol; D043303:Aryldialkylphosphatase