title: Identification and characterization of two polyhydroxyalkanoate biosynthesis loci in Pseudomonas sp. strain 3Y2.
abstract: A Pseudomonas strain, 3Y2, that produced polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers consisting of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HB) and medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoate (mcl-HA) units, with up to 30% 3HB, was isolated. Two PHA biosynthesis loci (pha ( Ps-1) and pha ( Ps-2)) from 3Y2 were cloned by polymerase chain reaction amplification techniques. The pha ( Ps-2) locus was similar to the PHA biosynthesis loci of other PHA-producing Pseudomonas strains, with five tandem open reading frames (ORFs) located in the order ORF1( Ps-2)-phaC1 ( Ps-2)-phaZ ( Ps-2)-phaC2 ( Ps-2)-phaD ( Ps-2). The pha ( Ps-1) locus that contains phaC1 ( Ps-1)-phaZ ( Ps-1) appears to have arisen by a duplication event that placed it downstream of a gene (ORF1( Ps-1)), encoding a putative glucose-methanol-choline flavoprotein oxidoreductase. The PHA synthases 1 encoded by phaC1 ( Ps-1) and phaC1 ( Ps-2) were investigated by heterologous expression in Wautersia eutropha PHB(-)4. Both synthases displayed similar substrate specificities for incorporating 3HB and mcl-HA units into PHA. The ability of PhaC1( Ps-1) to confer PHA synthesis, however, appeared reduced compared to that of PhaC1( Ps-2), since cells harboring PhaC1( Ps-1) accumulated 2.5 to 4.6 times less PHA than cells expressing PhaC1( Ps-2). Primary sequence analysis revealed that PhaC1( Ps-1) had markedly diverged from the other PHA synthases with a relatively high substitution rate (14.9 vs 2% within PhaC1( Ps-2)). The mutations affected a highly conserved C-terminal region and the surroundings of the essential active site cysteine (Cys296) with a loss of hydrophobicity. This led us to predict that if phaC1 ( Ps-1) produces a protein product in the native strain, it is likely that PhaC1( Ps-1) may be destined for elimination by the accumulation of inactivating mutations, although its specialization to accommodate different substrates cannot be eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science, Stocking Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Soazig C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Delamarre
authors.forename: Hyun-Joo
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Carl A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Batt
mesh_terms: D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000235:genetics*; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011549:Pseudomonas / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D000217:Acyltransferases; C077225:poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) synthase