title: Modality pairing effects and the response selection bottleneck.
abstract: The present experiment examined the effects of input/output modality pairings on dual-task performance using the psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure. Four groups of participants performed two tasks composed of the same sets of inputs (visual and auditory) and the same sets of outputs (manual and vocal), but with different input/output modality pairings. Whereas modality pairings had only small effects on single-task reaction times, they had large effects on dual-task reaction times. The modality pairing effect cannot stem from differences in the difficulty of stimulus classification or response execution, because these task demands were the same across groups. The effect also does not appear to result from changes in stimulus-response compatibility. The present findings suggest dual-task interference arises not only from postponement of central operations (due to a central bottleneck), but also from a slowing of central operations whose magnitude is sensitive to the input/output modality pairings.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, 11 Seashore Hall E, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407, USA. eliot-hazeltine@uiowa.edu
authors.forename: Eliot
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hazeltine
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ruthruff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001245:Association Learning; D001288:Attention; D004193:Discrimination Learning; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual; D010897:Pitch Discrimination; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D011930:Reaction Time; D012033:Refractory Period, Psychological; D012193:Reversal Learning; D014705:Verbal Behavior