title: Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of type 2 diabetes: evidence and implications for clinical practice.
abstract: The major antihypertensive drug classes appear to exert differing effects on glycemic control and diabetes incidence. Thiazide diuretic and beta-blockers are potentially diabetogenic, whereas calcium channel blockers appear neutral. Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system are associated with improvements in glycemic control and may lower diabetes incidence, but it is not clear if this represents a truly preventive effect. Also, it should be noted that previous studies have reported inconsistent results, and the data to date are not definitive. We suggest that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system be used as first-line agents in uncomplicated hypertensive patients who are at high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Thiazides and beta-blockers should not be avoided in patients with compelling indications for these drugs. Many hypertensive patients (particularly those who are obese or have prediabetes) require several agents to achieve target blood pressure levels. Therefore, the choice of initial agent is far less important than ensuring that target blood pressure goals are reached.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, 2E3.22 Walter C. Mackenzie Health Sciences Center, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2B7.
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asfaha
authors.forename: Raj
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Padwal
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors