title: Nebulin regulates the assembly and lengths of the thin filaments in striated muscle.
abstract: In many tissues, actin monomers polymerize into actin (thin) filaments of precise lengths. Although the exact mechanisms involved remain unresolved, it is proposed that "molecular rulers" dictate the lengths of the actin filaments. The giant nebulin molecule is a prime candidate for specifying thin filament lengths in striated muscle, but this idea has never been proven. To test this hypothesis, we used RNA interference technology in rat cardiac myocytes. Live cell imaging and triple staining revealed a dramatic elongation of the preexisting thin filaments from their pointed ends upon nebulin knockdown, demonstrating its role in length maintenance; the barbed ends were unaffected. When the thin filaments were depolymerized with latrunculin B, myocytes with decreased nebulin levels reassembled them to unrestricted lengths, demonstrating its importance in length specification. Finally, knockdown of nebulin in skeletal myotubes revealed its involvement in myofibrillogenesis. These data are consistent with nebulin functioning as a thin filament ruler and provide insight into mechanisms dictating macromolecular assembly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
authors.forename: Abigail S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: McElhinny
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwach
authors.forename: Melinda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valichnac
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mount-Patrick
authors.forename: Carol C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Gregorio
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates; D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D015153:Blotting, Western; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002867:Chromones; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D024510:Muscle Development; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000196:embryology; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000737:chemistry*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D053778:Thiazolidines; D014162:Transfection; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D000199:Actins; C400304:Alexa 350; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D019086:Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; D002867:Chromones; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D009124:Muscle Proteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D013844:Thiazoles; D053778:Thiazolidines; D014966:Xanthenes; C035620:nebulin; C034657:Texas red; C037068:latrunculin B