title: EMS provider findings and interventions with a statewide EMS spine-assessment protocol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the utilization and findings with a statewide, prehospital spine-assessment protocol for emergency medical services (EMS) providers in a rural state.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a prospective sample of EMS patients evaluated by prehospital providers for trauma-related injury during a one-year investigation period. Prehospital providers prospectively completed supplementary spine data-collection forms that reported patient demographics and EMS provider findings with the spine-assessment protocol. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 207,545 EMS encounters during the study period, including 31,885 transports for acute trauma-related illness. Prehospital providers provided spine-assessment forms for 2,220 patient encounters. Providers reported a decision to immobilize 1,301 (59%) patients. For these immobilized patients, spine protocol findings included 416 (32%) patients deemed as unreliable, 358 (28%) with distracting injury, 80 (6%) with an abnormal neurologic examination, and 709 (54%) with spine pain or tenderness. Linkage of EMS and hospital data revealed seven acute spine fracture patients among the 2,220 reported encounters, all of whom were immobilized by EMS providers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of this prehospital spine-assessment protocol resulted in an EMS provider decision not to immobilize approximately 40% of EMS trauma patients. Few spine fracture patients were encountered during the investigational period, though all were immobilized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Maine Medical Center, Portland 04102, USA. burtoj@mmc.org
authors.forename: John H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Nathan R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Harmon
authors.forename: Matthew G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: Jay R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bradshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003657:Decision Making; D004632:Emergency Medical Services / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008281:Maine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000592:standards* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016103:Spinal Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*