title: Exclusive brachytherapy for T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinomas of the velotonsillar area: results in 44 patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of interstitial brachytherapy as an exclusive radiotherapy modality for primary T1-T2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the velotonsillar area.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1992 and 2000, 44 patients with T1-T2 SCC of the tonsil (n = 36) and soft palate (n = 8) were treated to the primary with brachytherapy alone (37 patients) or after a limited resection (7 patients). Eight patients had prior external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) for previous head-and-neck carcinoma. Nineteen patients had initial neck dissection. The mean brachytherapy dose was 58.7 Gy, and the mean reference dose rate and Ir-192 linear activity were 58.2 cGy/h and 1.51 mCi/cm respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With a 75-month median follow-up, 1 patient recurred locally. Isolated nodal relapses occurred in 4 patients, none of whom had initial neck dissection, and salvage therapy was successful in 2. Five-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 76% and 68%, respectively. Full-course radiation therapy was possible in 7 of 12 patients who developed a second primary head-and-neck carcinoma. Late toxicity was limited to 6 mild soft-tissue necroses, and was significantly associated with previous surgery to the primary and high linear activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Exclusive brachytherapy for T1-T2 velotonsillar carcinomas is safe and effective, and permits definitive reirradiation for a second head-and-neck cancer. Initial neck dissection should be performed for optimal selection for exclusive brachytherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, 28 rue Laennec, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France.
authors.forename: Romuald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Le Scodan
authors.forename: Pascal
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pommier
authors.forename: Jean Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ardiet
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Montbarbon
authors.forename: Claude
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malet
authors.forename: Véronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Favrel
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Zrounba
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Poupart
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Céruse
authors.forename: Céline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferlay
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Clippe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D010160:Palate, Soft; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D014067:Tonsillar Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*