title: Azoxymethane is a genetic background-dependent colorectal tumor initiator and promoter in mice: effects of dose, route, and diet.
abstract: The azoxymethane (AOM) model has been widely used to investigate the pathology and genetics of colorectal cancer in rodents. However, there has been wide variation in treatment regimes, making it difficult to compare across studies. Consequently, standardizing AOM treatment and identifying sources of experimental variation would allow better comparisons across studies. In order to establish an optimal dosing regime for detecting experiment-dependent differences in tumorigenesis, we performed a dose curve analysis using AKR/J, SWR/J, and A/J mouse strains previously reported to vary widely in susceptibility to AOM. Although intraperitoneal or subcutaneous administration, but not in utero exposure, resulted in similar levels of tumor induction, significant dose- and strain-dependent effects of AOM were observed. No sex-dependent differences were observed. Increasing the number of treatments uncovered a significant strain-dependent effect on tumor promotion, independent of susceptibility to tumor initiation. Similarly, we used C57BL/6J and DBA/2J intercrosses to demonstrate that small diet modifications can significantly alter AOM-induced tumorigenesis in a background-dependent manner. These results provide experimental support for a standardized AOM treatment and for the importance of controlling both genetic and non-genetic factors when using this model.
authors.affiliation: Curriculum in Toxicology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
authors.forename: Anika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bissahoyo
authors.forename: R Scott
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Pearsall
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hanlon
authors.forename: Vicky
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hicks
authors.forename: Virginia L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Godfrey
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Threadgill
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000818:Animals; D001397:Azoxymethane / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000633:toxicity*; D003106:Colon / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D003433:Crosses, Genetic; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D011247:Pregnancy; D012107:Research Design / Q000592:standards*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D001397:Azoxymethane