title: A common nonsense mutation in EphB2 is associated with prostate cancer risk in African American men with a positive family history.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The EphB2 gene was recently implicated as a prostate cancer (PC) tumour suppressor gene, with somatic inactivating mutations occurring in approximately 10% of sporadic tumours. We evaluated the contribution of EphB2 to inherited PC susceptibility in African Americans (AA) by screening the gene for germline polymorphisms.
  
  
  METHODS
  Direct sequencing of the coding region of EphB2 was performed on 72 probands from the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC). A case-control association analysis was then carried out using the AAHPC probands and an additional 183 cases of sporadic PC compared with 329 healthy AA male controls. In addition, we performed an ancestry adjusted association study where we adjusted for individual ancestry among all subjects, in order to rule out a spurious association due to population stratification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ten coding sequence variants were identified, including the K1019X (3055A-->T) nonsense mutation which was present in 15.3% of the AAHPC probands but only 1.7% of 231 European American (EA) control samples. We observed that the 3055A-->T mutation significantly increased risk for prostate cancer over twofold (Fisher's two sided test, p = 0.003). The T allele was significantly more common among AAHPC probands (15.3%) than among healthy AA male controls (5.2%) (odds ratio 3.31; 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 7.4; p = 0.008). The ancestry adjusted analyses confirmed the association.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data show that the K1019X mutation in the EphB2 gene differs in frequency between AA and EA, is associated with increased risk for PC in AA men with a positive family history, and may be an important genetic risk factor for prostate cancer in AA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. pkittles.2@osu.edu
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kittles
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Baffoe-Bonnie
authors.forename: T Y
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Moses
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ahaghotu
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Huusko
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pettaway
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoke
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Weinrich
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Trent
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mousses
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bailey-Wilson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Furbert-Harris
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dunston
authors.forename: I J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Carpten
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D000483:Alleles; D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005820:Genetic Testing; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000235:genetics*; D036183:Receptor, EphB2 / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018389:Codon, Nonsense; D036183:Receptor, EphB2