title: The additional value of gadolinium-enhanced MRI to standard assessment for cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether gadolinium-enhanced cardiac MRI (CMR) was of additional diagnostic value to standard assessment in patients with sarcoidosis who underwent evaluation for cardiac involvement.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed the findings in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis who had been assessed with ECG, Doppler echocardiography, 201Tl scintigraphy, and CMR from 2002 to 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 55 evaluated patients, standard evaluation diagnosed cardiac involvement in 13 patients while CMR diagnosed myocardial scarring (mean +/- SD, 2.5 +/- 1.9 segments) [all 6 patients] and impaired systolic left ventricular function (1 patient) in an additional 6 patients. The extent of delayed enhancement correlated with disease duration (p < 0.05), ventricular dimensions and function (p < 0.001), severity of mitral regurgitation (p < 0.05), and the presence of ventricular tachycardias (p < 0.001). Patients in whom cardiac involvement was diagnosed only with CMR had less myocardial scarring and functional impairment (p < 0.05) compared to patients with a diagnosis made by standard assessment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CMR provides an accurate estimation of the extent of cardiac involvement and may reveal signs of early infiltration that are not detected by standard assessment. The extent of late enhancement with gadolinium relates to the severity of cardiac involvement and may therefore have prognostic implications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Dr Debyelaan 25, 6202 AZ Maastricht, Netherlands. jansmedema@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Jan-Peter
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Smedema
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Snoep
authors.forename: Marinus P G
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: van Kroonenburgh
authors.forename: Robert-Jan
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: van Geuns
authors.forename: Emiel C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Cheriex
authors.forename: Anton P M
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Gorgels
authors.forename: Harry J G M
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Crijns
mesh_terms: D003935:Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; D005260:Female; D005682:Gadolinium; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017565:Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D005682:Gadolinium