title: High sensitivity C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease activity, clinical presentation and implications for cardiovascular risk.
abstract: Measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), has been used in the assessment of disease activity in numerous rheumatic conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the utility of hs-CRP measurement in patients with lupus is uncertain. This study examined if hs-CRP can be used to assess disease activity, severity and cardiovascular risk in SLE. Serum samples from 601 visits of 213 SLE patients and 134 controls were analysed for hs-CRP by nephelometry. Detailed demographic data were obtained from all subjects and medication history and key laboratory parameters were collected. Disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI. High sensitivity CRP was not associated with disease activity (SLEDAI), number of ACR SLE criteria or presence of any particular organ involvement. hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with standard cardiovascular risk factors including body weight (P = 0.0002), hypertension (P = 0.001), and apolipoprotein A-I (P < 0.0001). Interestingly an inverse correlation was seen between hs-CRP levels and antimalarial use (P = 0.0018). Our results suggest that measurement of hs-CRP, though not valuable as marker of disease activity in SLE may be of some use in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. We speculate that antimalarials may help to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with SLE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA.
authors.forename: E V
authors.initials: EV
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narain
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Naranjo
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shuster
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Segal
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Sobel
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Santiago
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Reeves
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003165:Complement System Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D008074:Lipoproteins; D003165:Complement System Proteins; D002097:C-Reactive Protein