title: Polymorphic variations in GSTM1, GSTT1, PgP, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, and dopamine D2 and D3 receptors and their association with tardive dyskinesia in severe mental illness.
abstract: This study tested the association between tardive dyskinesia (TD) and polymorphic variations in (a) 2 cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes (CYP2D6 or CYP3A5), (b) 2 DRD2 variants (Ser311Cys and -141C Ins/del) and the Ser9Gly DRD3 variants, (c) 2 glutathione S-transferases (GSTT1 and GSTM1), and (d) variations in the PgP gene, MDR1. The study sample included 516 severely mentally ill patients from Central Kentucky facilities. Logistic regression models that included clinical variables associated with TD were developed. Gene variants were added to these clinical models. The total sample included 31% (162/516) with TD where 30% (49/162) of those had severe TD. Polymorphisms in DRD2, MDR1, and GSTT1 were never significant. Two gene variants appeared to be significant after adding them to the clinical regression models: (1) Ser9Gly DRD3 polymorphism was associated with severe TD (odds ratio for patients with 1 mutant allele when compared with individuals with 2 wild types was 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.1-5.6, whereas the odds ratio for patients with 2 mutant alleles when compared with individuals with 1 mutant was 2.8, 95% confidence interval 1.0-7.4), and (2) GSTM1 absence was associated with TD (odds ratio 1.7, 95% confidence interval 1.2-2.4) particularly in white women. The CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 absence showed potential for significant associations in larger samples, particularly in white men. New studies need to replicate whether these or other genes could be used conjointly with clinical variables to identify subjects at risk for TD in clinical settings.
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky Mental Health Research Center at Eastern State Hospital, Lexington, KY 40508, USA. jdeleon@uky.edu
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Leon
authors.forename: Margaret T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Susce
authors.forename: Run-Mei
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Pan
authors.forename: Walter H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wedlund
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics*; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D018967:Risperidone; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1