title: Effects of dried full-fat corn germ and vitamin E on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle.
abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dried full-fat corn germ (GERM) as a supplemental fat source in cattle finishing diets. In Exp. 1, 24 pens totaling 358 crossbred beef steers with an initial BW of 319 kg were allowed ad libitum access to diets containing dry-rolled corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, and 0, 5, 10, or 15% GERM on a DM basis. Increasing GERM decreased (linear; P < 0.02) DMI and increased (quadratic; P < 0.02) ADG. Steers fed 10% GERM had the greatest ADG (quadratic; P < 0.02) and G:F (quadratic; P < 0.05). The addition of GERM increased (linear; P < 0.05) fat thickness, KPH, and the percentage of USDA Yield Grade 4 carcasses (quadratic; P < 0.03), with steers fed 15% GERM having the greatest percentage of USDA Yield Grade 4 carcasses. In Exp. 2, 48 pens totaling 888 crossbred beef heifers with an initial BW of 380 kg were allowed ad libitum access to diets containing steam-flaked corn, 35% wet corn gluten feed, and either no added fat (control), 4% tallow (TALLOW), or 10 or 15% GERM on a DM basis, with or without 224 IU of added vitamin E/kg of diet DM. No fat x vitamin E (P > or = 0.08) interactions were detected. Fat addition, regardless of source, decreased (P < 0.01) DMI, marbling score, and the number of carcasses grading USDA Choice. Among heifers fed finishing diets containing TALLOW or 10% GERM, supplemental fat source did not affect DMI (P = 0.76), ADG (P = 0.54), G:F (P = 0.62), or carcass characteristics (P > or = 0.06). Increasing GERM decreased DMI (linear; P < 0.01) and ADG (quadratic; P < 0.02), with ADG by heifers fed 10% GERM slightly greater than those fed control but least for heifers fed 15% GERM. Increasing GERM improved (quadratic; P < 0.03) G:F of heifers, with heifers fed 10% GERM having the greatest G:F. Increasing GERM decreased HCW (linear; P < 0.02), marbling score (linear; P < 0.01), and the percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice (linear; P < 0.01). The addition of vitamin E increased (P < 0.04) the percentage of carcasses grading USDA Select and decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of carcasses grading USDA Standard. These data suggest that GERM can serve as a supplemental fat source in cattle finishing diets, and that the effect of vitamin E did not depend on source or concentration of supplemental fat.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, 66506-1600, USA.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Drouillard
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Sindt
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Greenquist
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Depenbusch
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Loe
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Sulpizio
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Kessen
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Ethington
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis; D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D001823:Body Composition / Q000187:drug effects*; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005223:Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards; D011897:Random Allocation; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014815:Vitamins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003313:Zea mays / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D005223:Fats; D014815:Vitamins; D014810:Vitamin E; C013698:tallow