title: Role of mitochondria and mitochondrial cytochrome c in tubeimoside I-mediated apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tubeimoside I (TBMS1), a triterpenoid saponin, isolated from the tubers of Bolbostemma paniculatum, showed potent antitumor and antitumor-promoting effects. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of mitochondria and mitochondria cytochrome c in TBMS1-mediated apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  Viability of HeLa cells was measured by MTT assay. Apoptotic induction by TBMS1 was determined by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry and gel electrophoresis of fragmented DNA. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Deltapsim) was assayed by flow cytometry. Cytochrome c (Cyt c) was detected by Western blotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The results showed that Cyclosporin A (CsA) partly protected HeLa cells from growth inhibitory effect of TBMS1, and partly countered the ability of TBMS1 to rapidly induce apoptosis in HeLa cells, and that TBMS1 decreased Deltapsim and induced Cyt c release by a mechanism inhibited by CsA, and that TBMS1 induced apoptosis of HeLa cells dose-dependently in accordance with increase of cytosolic Cyt c.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TBMS1 opens the permeability transition (PT) pore, thereby decreasing Deltapsim, releasing Cyt c from mitochondria, and further causing a series of events consistent with established mechanistic models of apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Zhanjiang Ocean University, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Rundi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lijian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000165:Acridine Orange; D017304:Annexin A5; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D042002:Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly / Q000187:drug effects; D019662:Cucurbitaceae / Q000737:chemistry; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D053938:DNA Fragmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D004996:Ethidium; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011419:Propidium; D012503:Saponins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014315:Triterpenes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017304:Annexin A5; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D012503:Saponins; D014315:Triterpenes; C051084:tubeimoside I; D011419:Propidium; D016572:Cyclosporine; D045304:Cytochromes c; D004996:Ethidium; D000165:Acridine Orange