title: Attenuation of pain perception after transposition of the greater omentum to the cauda equina region of rats--a preliminary observation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This paper addresses a specific experimental design to suggest the possible role of the greater omentum in the modulation of pain in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 275 and 325 g were selected. The animals were randomized and then anesthetized with pentobarbital (35 mg/kg) and divided into three groups: (1) sham: laparotomy followed by laminectomy with exposure of the spinal epidural space (n=5); (2) transposition of pedicled omentum (n=5) to the cauda equina epidural space; and (3) transposition of pedicled omentum (n=5) to the cauda equina intradural space. The animals were operated upon and once more randomized by an independent investigator, so that the groups were thought to be similar during post-operative testing. The latency of paw withdrawal to noxious heat stimulation was tested and the values (seconds) plotted for 1, 3, 6, 11, 14 and 30 days after surgery. Randomization codes were open after the animals were euthanized. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) without replication was applied for each of the dataset and comparisons established among the different study groups involved. The omenta were removed and standard immunohistochemistry was performed for gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), serotonin, calcitonin-gene related protein (CGRP), vascular intestinal peptide (VIP) and Met-enkephalin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The response to high heating rates of stimulation favored intradural versus sham and epidural omental transpositions. High and low noxious heat stimulation suggested an increased threshold to noxious stimulation after the 3 and 30 days of omental transposition. In the low heat stimulation series, responses were comparatively higher than in the sham animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The suggested increased threshold of response to noxious stimulation after transposition of the greater omentum onto the spinal cord of rats suggested a novel role of the omentum and a potential future application in the clinical arena.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY12209, USA. cagner@nycap.rr.com
authors.forename: Celso
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Agner
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dujovny
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Yeomans
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D002420:Cauda Equina / Q000601:surgery*; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007796:Laminectomy / Q000379:methods; D007813:Laparotomy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D019370:Observation / Q000379:methods*; D009852:Omentum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000637:transplantation*; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000378:metabolism; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D012701:Serotonin; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; D005680:gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; D004744:Enkephalin, Methionine; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide