title: Comparison of measurement methods for quantifying hand force.
abstract: Hand force is a known risk factor for upper extremity disorders. The objective of the present study was to determine the characteristics of, and the relationships between, exposure assessment methods to quantify hand force. Five methods, used in the laboratory or the field, were used to quantify hand force at three force magnitudes: two direct (or technical) measurement methods, force transducers and electromyography; an observational method; and two self-report approaches, force matching and a visual analogue scale. Five tasks, simulating manual work activities, were performed by 20 participants. The coefficients of variation of measures within and between participants were moderate. All approaches clearly distinguished between the three force levels tested. The reliability of the methods ranged from poor (observation method without information) to good (force transducers method and observation method with information). The measurement methods correlated moderately over all five tasks. Predictions of grip force across all five tasks were poor and even for single tasks the predictions were not much better. The tasks in this study were still simplified; in the field tasks are even more complex and the measurement characteristics might be expected to be less good. A hand force exposure assessment method should therefore be calibrated and tested for each type of hand activity before use.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. e.koppelaar@xs4all.nl
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Koppelaar
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wells
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000032:analysis; D010465:Perception; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D017132:Workplace