title: Major histocompatibility complex class II (HLA-DRB and -DQB) allele frequencies in Botswana: association with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.
abstract: Southern Africa is facing an unprecedented public health crisis due to the high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Vaccine development and testing efforts, mainly based on elicitation of HIV-specific T cells, are under way. To understand the role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles in HIV pathogenesis and to facilitate HLA-based HIV-1 vaccine design, we analyzed the frequencies of HLA class II alleles within the southern African country of Botswana. Common HLA class II alleles were identified within the Botswana population through the molecular genotyping of DRB and DQB1 loci. The DRB1 allele groups DRB1*01, DRB1*02/15, DRB1*03, DRB1*11, and DRB1*13 were encountered at frequencies above 20%. Within the DQB1 locus, DQB1*06 (47.7%) was the most common allele group, followed by DQB1*03 (39.2%) and DQB1*04 (25.8%). We found that DRB1*01 was more common in HIV-negative than in HIV-positive individuals and that those who expressed DRB1*08 had lower median viral loads. We demonstrate that the frequencies of certain HLA class II alleles in this Botswana population differ substantially from those in North American populations, including African-Americans. Common allele groups within Botswana cover large percentages of other African populations and could be targeted in regional vaccine designs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 651 Huntington Avenue, FXB-402, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Thumbi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ndung'u
authors.forename: Simani
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gaseitsiwe
authors.forename: Enoch
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sepako
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Doualla-Bell
authors.forename: Trevor
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Soyeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ibou
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Thior
authors.forename: Vladimir A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Novitsky
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Essex
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D044383:Black People / Q000235:genetics; D001902:Botswana / Q000453:epidemiology; D005787:Gene Frequency; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000208:ethnology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D015497:HIV-1; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D015995:Prevalence; D019562:Viral Load; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens