title: Temporal bone encephaloceles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reviews the latest literature relating to the diagnosis and treatment of temporal bone encephaloceles, defined as the herniation of meninges or brain tissue into areas of the temporal bone, for example, the petrous apex, tegmen tympani or mastoid cavity.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The diagnosis of temporal bone encephaloceles can be challenging. The condition is commonly presented as cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea or rhinorrhea in addition to a variety of symptoms such as conductive hearing loss. Imaging is also important in the diagnosis stage. Management of the condition is surgical, and this review outlines the surgical options.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Encephaloceles of the temporal bone are encountered rarely in otologic medicine. Given the possibility of cerebrospinal fluid leaks and meningitis, however, the otolaryngologist or otologist must have a working knowledge of the correct diagnostics and treatments.
authors.affiliation: University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Sdano
authors.forename: Myles L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pensak
mesh_terms: D004677:Encephalocele / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D013701:Temporal Bone