title: Construction and validation of a Bovine Innate Immune Microarray.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microarray transcript profiling has the potential to illuminate the molecular processes that are involved in the responses of cattle to disease challenges. This knowledge may allow the development of strategies that exploit these genes to enhance resistance to disease in an individual or animal population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Bovine Innate Immune Microarray developed in this study consists of 1480 characterised genes identified by literature searches, 31 positive and negative control elements and 5376 cDNAs derived from subtracted and normalised libraries. The cDNA libraries were produced from 'challenged' bovine epithelial and leukocyte cells. The microarray was found to have a limit of detection of 1 pg/microg of total RNA and a mean slide-to-slide correlation co-efficient of 0.88. The profiles of differentially expressed genes from Concanavalin A (ConA) stimulated bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined. Three distinct profiles highlighted 19 genes that were rapidly up-regulated within 30 minutes and returned to basal levels by 24 h; 76 genes that were up-regulated between 2-8 hours and sustained high levels of expression until 24 h and 10 genes that were down-regulated. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR on selected genes was used to confirm the results from the microarray analysis. The results indicate that there is a dynamic process involving gene activation and regulatory mechanisms re-establishing homeostasis in the ConA activated lymphocytes. The Bovine Innate Immune Microarray was also used to determine the cross-species hybridisation capabilities of an ovine PBL sample.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bovine Innate Immune Microarray has been developed which contains a set of well-characterised genes and anonymous cDNAs from a number of different bovine cell types. The microarray can be used to determine the gene expression profiles underlying innate immune responses in cattle and sheep.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, St Lucia 4067, QLD, Australia. laurelea.donaldson@csiro.au
authors.forename: Laurelea
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vuocolo
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: Ylva
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Strandberg
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Reverter
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McWilliam
authors.forename: Yonghong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Keren
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Byrne
authors.forename: Ross
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tellam
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D003208:Concanavalin A / Q000737:chemistry; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D015536:Down-Regulation; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D007107:Immune System / Q000378:metabolism*; D007109:Immunity; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012756:Sheep; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003208:Concanavalin A