title: Surgical management of the recurrence and regrowth of craniopharyngiomas.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors performed a retrospective analysis of a consecutive series of craniopharyngiomas and their recurrences, which were managed with surgery alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the past 20 years, 37 consecutive patients with craniopharyngiomas underwent surgery without adjuvant radiotherapy. During that period there was a consistent strategy that surgical management was the first choice of treatment whenever possible. Of these 37 patients, 11 experienced tumor recurrence (29.7%) during the mean follow-up period of 11.1 years. Of these 11 patients, seven experienced recurrence after neuroimaging-confirmed total removal, and four patients experienced recurrence after partial or incomplete removal. In these 11 patients, surgical removal was performed 17 times. Using a proper surgical approach (mainly a basal interhemispheric approach) and meticulous microsurgical techniques, total removal of the recurrent tumor was achieved in nine surgeries (52.9). The mortality and morbidity rates associated with these 17 surgeries were 0% and 9.1%, respectively. In most cases, visual function was preserved or improved and intellectual performance was also preserved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Recurrence of craniopharyngioma can be safely managed by using meticulous contemporary microsurgical techniques without additional radiotherapy. The role of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy for craniopharyngiomas may vary in the future, depending on innovations in treatment and technology. Nevertheless, surgery can be still a major therapeutic option in the management of recurrent craniopharyngiomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University; and Pacific Neurosurgical Consulting, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Minamida
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hashi
authors.forename: Kiyohiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Houkin
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003071:Cognition; D003397:Craniopharyngioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018450:Disease Progression; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009017:Morbidity; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis