title: Anti-HIV-1 constituents from Clausena excavata: Part II. Carbazoles and a pyranocoumarin.
abstract: Three carbazole derivatives, O-methylmukonal (1), 3-formyl-2,7-dimethoxycarbazole (2) and clauszoline J (3), and a pyranocoumarin, clausenidin (4), were isolated from the rhizomes and roots of Clausena excavata. Compound 1, isolated from this plant for the first time, has not been reported previously as having anti-HIV-1 activity. Compounds 1-4 displayed anti-HIV-1 activity in a syncytial assay with EC(50) values of 12, 29.1, 34.2 and 5.3 microm, respectively, and thus exhibited potential therapeutic index (PTI) values of 56.7, 8.0, 1.6 and 7.0, respectively. All isolated compounds demonstrated a lack of cytotoxicity against the KB and BC-1 cancer cell lines.
authors.affiliation: The Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit (NPOS), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand. fscibsk@ku.ac.th
authors.forename: Boonsong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kongkathip
authors.forename: Ngampong
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kongkathip
authors.forename: Arunrat
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sunthitikawinsakul
authors.forename: Chanita
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Napaswat
authors.forename: Chalobon
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yoosook
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015394:Molecular Structure; D008517:Phytotherapy; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D039681:Pyranocoumarins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D027343:Rhizome / Q000737:chemistry; D027821:Rutaceae / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D002227:Carbazoles; D010936:Plant Extracts; D039681:Pyranocoumarins