title: Differences in antihypertensive drug persistence associated with drug class and gender: a PHARMO study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is to investigate factors related to treatment persistence among users of antihypertensive (AHT) drugs in daily practice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data for this study were obtained from the PHARMO database including pharmacy records and hospitalizations in the Netherlands (n=950,000). Patients who newly received AHT therapy (n=17,113) between 1997 and 2001 were selected. Of these patients, random samples of 500 patients per drug class were drawn. One-year persistence was defined as (1) the percentage of patients using AHTs at least 270 days and receiving AHT in 3 months after the 1-year follow-up period, and (2) Catalan method (Kaplan-Meier curves). Gender specific persistence rates per drug class were adjusted for significant factors including age, use of antidiabetics and lipid lowering drugs, and prior cardiovascular hospitalizations (OR and 95%CI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Persistence was highest in users of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) (62.0%), progressively lower in users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-inhibitors, 59.7%), betablockers (35.0%), calcium channel blockers (34.7%), and diuretics (33.0%), resulting in the highest OR of 3.4 [95%CI: 2.6-4.5] for ARBs compared to diuretics. The persistence of AHT use in women was substantially lower (40.1% vs. 50.2%, OR 0.7 [95%CI: 0.6-0.8]) and differences between drug classes were larger than in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results demonstrate marked differences in persistence between AHT classes, with the highest persistence for ARBs and lowest for diuretics. Women were less persistent with their AHT compared to men. This low persistence leads to suboptimal treatment with a potential for substantial clinical consequences. Especially in women, more attention paid to AHT persistence patterns could improve their cardiovascular outcome.
authors.affiliation: PHARMO Institute for Drug Outcomes Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Joelle.Erkins@pharmo.nl
authors.forename: Joëlle A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Erkens
authors.forename: Martien M J
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Panneman
authors.forename: Olaf H
authors.initials: OH
authors.lastname: Klungel
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: van den Boom
authors.forename: Margaret F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Prescott
authors.forename: Ron M C
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Herings
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000145:classification / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D016208:Databases, Factual; D017723:Drug Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents