title: An interstitial deletion-insertion involving chromosomes 2p25.3 and Xq27.1, near SOX3, causes X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism.
abstract: X-linked recessive hypoparathyroidism, due to parathyroid agenesis, has been mapped to a 906-kb region on Xq27 that contains 3 genes (ATP11C, U7snRNA, and SOX3), and analyses have not revealed mutations. We therefore characterized this region by combined analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms and sequence-tagged sites. This identified a 23- to 25-kb deletion, which did not contain genes. However, DNA fiber-FISH and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed an approximately 340-kb insertion that replaced the deleted fragment. Use of flow-sorted X chromosome-specific libraries and DNA sequence analyses revealed that the telomeric and centromeric breakpoints on X were, respectively, approximately 67 kb downstream of SOX3 and within a repetitive sequence. Use of a monochromosomal somatic cell hybrid panel and metaphase-FISH mapping demonstrated that the insertion originated from 2p25 and contained a segment of the SNTG2 gene that lacked an open reading frame. However, the deletion-insertion [del(X)(q27.1) inv ins (X;2)(q27.1;p25.3)], which represents a novel abnormality causing hypoparathyroidism, could result in a position effect on SOX3 expression. Indeed, SOX3 expression was demonstrated, by in situ hybridization, in the developing parathyroid tissue of mouse embryos between 10.5 and 15.5 days post coitum. Thus, our results indicate a likely new role for SOX3 in the embryonic development of the parathyroid glands.
authors.affiliation: Academic Endocrine Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bowl
authors.forename: M Andrew
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Nesbit
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jefferson
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Volpi
authors.forename: Karine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rizzoti
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lovell-Badge
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schlessinger
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Whyte
authors.forename: Rajesh V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Thakker
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence / Q000235:genetics*; D007446:Chromosome Inversion / Q000235:genetics; D002889:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 / Q000235:genetics*; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis / Q000379:methods; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000235:genetics; D005808:Genes, Recessive / Q000235:genetics; D040181:Genetic Diseases, X-Linked / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007011:Hypoparathyroidism / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional / Q000235:genetics*; D016366:Open Reading Frames / Q000235:genetics; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000196:embryology / Q000473:pathology; D010375:Pedigree; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; D017384:Sequence Deletion / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; C527785:SOX3 protein, human; D055748:SOXB1 Transcription Factors; C527786:Sox3 protein, mouse; D014157:Transcription Factors