title: Complications of renal transplantation.
abstract: Continued improvements in graft survival have led to widespread acceptance of renal transplantation as the preferred treatment for the majority of patients with end-stage renal disease. The long-term care of these patients is often provided away from transplantation centers. This article presents both the clinical and imaging features of renal transplantation complications and their interventional management. Urologic and vascular complications may occur. Vascular complications include renal artery stenosis and renal artery and renal vein thrombosis. Ultrasound can accurately depict and characterize many of the potential complications of renal transplantation and increasingly magnetic resonance imaging also facilitates this role. In addition, interventional radiologic techniques allow nonsurgical treatment.
authors.affiliation: Division of Abdominal Imaging and Intervention, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass., USA. s.a.akbar@netzero.net
authors.forename: Syed A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Akbar
authors.forename: S Zafar H
authors.initials: SZ
authors.lastname: Jafri
authors.forename: Marco A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Amendola
authors.forename: Beatrice L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Madrazo
authors.forename: Riad
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Kostaki G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Bis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology