title: Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina in the setting of true hermaphroditism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary vaginal cancer constitutes less than 2% of all malignancies of the female genital tract and is even rarer in true hermaphrodites. A unique case report of the occurrence of both of these developments in the same patient is presented.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 31-year-old 46,XX hermaphrodite presented with a history of vague abdominal symptoms and weight loss. Surgery was performed, and pathology revealed invasive squamous cell cancer arising in an epithelial-lined tissue consistent with vagina. The patient subsequently completed whole pelvic external-beam radiation therapy with cisplatin chemosensitization.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is a case of primary vaginal cancer in a patient with true hermaphroditism, which is exceedingly rare. It is a reminder that malignant changes in residual mullerian tissue should be considered in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
authors.forename: Padmashree
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaudhury
authors.forename: Bhagirath
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Majmudar
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Moller
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D050090:Ovotesticular Disorders of Sex Development / Q000150:complications*; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy