title: Survival, growth and persistence under farm conditions of a Lactobacillus plantarum strain inoculated into liquid pig feed.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the survival and persistence of Lactobacillus plantarum REB1 in the fermentation process of liquid pig feed on a working farm in standard production conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two feed types, a control diet [nonfermented liquid feed (NFLF)] and a fermented diet [fermented liquid feed (FLF)], were compared. A rifampicin-resistant mutant L. plantarum REB1-Rif was used to initiate the fermentation of the feed. Inoculation with the experimental strain was repeated one or two times per week throughout the three month growing period. Four microbial groups were followed using standard microbiological techniques, as well as pH. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were high already at the beginning in FLF, while it took nine days to reach the corresponding LAB levels in NFLF. Yeasts were stable in FLF, whereas in NFLF there were occasional high counts during the first week. The numbers of Enterobacteriaceae were low, although in NFLF they were variable. The average pH in NFLF was 4.5 and 4 in FLF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inoculation of L. plantarum REB1-Rif provided a LAB population of log 9 colony forming units (CFU) ml(-1) from the first feeding day, stable numbers of yeast and pH, and a drastic reduction of Enterobacteriaceae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inoculation by L. plantarum REB1-Rif offered a FLF microbiologically stable from the first week in actual production conditions.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition and Food Biotechnology, Institute of Applied Biotechnology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. carme.plumed@uku.fi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Plumed-Ferrer
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kivelä
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hyvönen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wright
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000382:microbiology*; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media; D016521:Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field / Q000379:methods; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005285:Fermentation; D005516:Food Microbiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D048191:Lactiplantibacillus plantarum / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013552:Swine; D013696:Temperature; D015003:Yeasts / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media