title: A Mediterranean dietary style influences TNF-alpha and VCAM-1 coronary blood levels in unstable angina patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A Mediterranean dietary pattern has been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, as well as a reduction of oxidative stress, but studies indicating possible interactions between food intake and inflammatory mediators production at specific sites are lacking.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the relationship between Mediterranean diet consumption and inflammatory related molecules production in coronary vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A previously reported Mediterranean-diet score was computed summing-up the quintiles of eight dietary components from a validated food frequency questionnaire in 24 patients with unstable angina. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) concentrations were measured in coronary sinus blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both biomarkers showed an inverse association with the Mediterraneandiet score. The association between VCAM-1 and the Mediterranean-diet score had an adjusted beta coefficient of -35.1 ng/ml (95% coefficient interval, CI: -63.5 to -6.7). The adjusted beta coefficient using TNF-alpha as the dependent variable was -41.6 pg/ml (95 % CI: -76.2 to -7.1). The consumption of olive oil as a single item showed a significant inverse association, and a Mediterranean-diet score excluding olive oil was also inversely associated with TNF-alpha and VCAM-1 serum levels in coronary venous blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern may protect against coronary artery wall production of inflammatory mediators. This finding could provide a novel mechanistic explanation for the recognized lower coronary risk associated with a Mediterranean diet.
authors.affiliation: Depto. de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31080, Pamplona, Spain. mserranm@nacom.es
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano-Martinez
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palacios
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martinez-Losa
authors.forename: Roman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lezaun
authors.forename: Cesar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Maravi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prado
authors.forename: Jose Alfredo
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Miguel Angel
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martinez-Gonzalez
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000097:blood*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D038441:Diet, Mediterranean; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D000069463:Olive Oil; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010938:Plant Oils; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1