title: Regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, neurotrophic factors, and APP processing in the neurorescue activity of propargylamine.
abstract: The anti-Parkinson drug, rasagiline (N-propargyl-(1R)-aminoindan) promotes neuronal survival, via neuroprotective activity related to its propargyl moiety (propargylamine). We have investigated the neurorescue effects of propargylamine, in a progressive neuronal death model, induced by long-term serum deprivation in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Propargylamine (0.1-10 microM) dose-dependently reduced the levels of the early apoptosis-associated phosphorylated protein, H2A-X (ser 139), as well as decreased the cleavage of caspase-3 and its substrate poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP). In addition, the compound markedly reversed the apoptotic effects induced by long-term serum withdrawal, including down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, as well as up-regulation of the proapoptotic proteins, Bax, Bad, and Bim. Real-time RT-PCR demonstrated that propargylamine elevated gene expression levels of Bcl-2, and the neurotrophic factors glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and reduced Bax gene expression. Serum deprivation increased mRNA and protein levels of holo-amyloid precursor protein (APP), which was markedly decreased by propargylamine. This was accompanied by inducing the release of the nonamyloidogenic alpha-secretase form of soluble APP (sAPPalpha) into the medium. Similar effects on cell survival and APP regulation/processing were demonstrated for rasagiline. These results indicate that both rasagiline and propargylamine possess neurorescue activity, associated with regulation of Bcl-2 family proteins, neurotrophic factors, and APP metabolism.
authors.affiliation: Eve Topf and USA National Parkinson Foundation Centers of Excellence for Neurodegenerative Diseases Research, and Department of Pharmacology, Rappaport Family Research Institute, Technion-Faculty of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Orit
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bar-Am
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Weinreb
authors.forename: Tamar
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Amit
authors.forename: Moussa B H
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Youdim
mesh_terms: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor / Q000737:chemistry*; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D007526:Isoelectric Point; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D010293:Pargyline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D011437:Propylamines / Q000737:chemistry*; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000502:physiology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016564:Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D017931:DNA Primers; D051100:Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D007189:Indans; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011437:Propylamines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D051025:bcl-Associated Death Protein; C031967:rasagiline; C009054:propargylamine; D010293:Pargyline; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases