4-Aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adducts and risk of smoking-related disease in never smokers and former smokers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition prospective study.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure [i.e., 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin (4-ABP-Hb) adducts] were predictive of the risk of tobacco-related cancers and diseases. We did a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, involving 190 controls and 149 cases (incident cancer of the lung, bladder, pharynx, larynx, oral cavity, leukemias, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema deaths). All individuals were never smokers or ex smokers for >10 years. 4-ABP-Hb adducts were analyzed in peripheral blood collected before the onset of the disease (median, 7 years). Overall, 4-ABP-Hb adducts were higher, although not statistically significantly so, in cases (as a whole) than controls. In the control population, high fruit and vegetable consumption significantly lowered the frequency of detectable adducts (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.025). Restricting the analysis to women, 4-ABP-Hb adducts were higher in cases than controls (Mann-Whitney P = 0.036) and the odds ratio (OR) for the presence/absence of adducts was 2.42 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.18-4.98]. Moreover, the association of adducts with the individual cancer types was stronger in women than in the whole study population, although statistically significant only for leukemias (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.06-7.20). The results provide some evidence that women may be more susceptible to environmental tobacco smoke, as suggested by their higher adduct levels. The most important finding of this prospective study is that, at least in women, 4-ABP-Hb adducts may help identify subjects at high risk of cancers related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
Airoldi
Luisa
L
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. airoldi@marionegri.it
Vineis
Paolo
P
Colombi
Alessandro
A
Olgiati
Luca
L
Dell'Osta
Carlo
C
Fanelli
Roberto
R
Manzi
Luca
L
Veglia
Fabrizio
F
Autrup
Herman
H
Dunning
Alison
A
Garte
Seymour
S
Hainaut
Pierre
P
Hoek
Gerard
G
Krzyzanowski
Michal
M
Malaveille
Christian
C
Matullo
Giuseppe
G
Overvad
Kim
K
Tjonneland
Anne
A
Clavel-Chapelon
Francoise
F
Linseisen
Jakob
J
Boeing
Heiner
H
Trichopoulou
Antonia
A
Palli
Domenico
D
Peluso
Marco
M
Krogh
Vittorio
V
Tumino
Rosario
R
Panico
Salvatore
S
Bueno-De-Mesquita
Hendrik B
HB
Peeters
Petra H
PH
Lund
Eiliv
E
Agudo
Antonio
A
Martinez
Carmen
C
Dorronsoro
Miren
M
Barricarte
Aurelio
A
Chirlaque
M Dolores
MD
Quiros
Josè R
JR
Berglund
Goran
G
Järvholm
Bengt
B
Hallmans
Goran
G
Day
Nicholas E
NE
Allen
Naomi
N
Saracci
Rodolfo
R
Kaaks
Rudolf
R
Riboli
Elio
E
D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C062091:hemoglobin, 4-aminobiphenyl-