title: Fast and slow metabolizers of Hoasca.
abstract: Harmine, a major alkaloid in ayahuasca (hoasca), is a selective and reversible inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). It is also a selective inhibitor of the human cytochrome P450 isozyme 2D6 (CYP 2D6), which metabolizes harmine to a more hydrophilic derivative for eventual excretion. CYP 2D6 exhibits a wide range of polymorphisms in human populations, and variations in this enzymatic activity could account for differences in effects between individuals who use hoasca. This report broadly describes two subgroups of CYP 2D6 phenotypes--i.e., fast and slow metabolizers of harmine-in 14 experienced male members of the União do Vegetal (UDV) who received a standardized dosage of hoasca. To compensate for metabolic variations in their normal religious practice, the administered dose of hoasca is always determined by the presiding mestre, who is responsible for deciding the actual amount for each individual. This age-old method compensates for metabolic variations between individuals and variations in both the alkaloid profile and strength of the hoasca.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kuopio, PL 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. callaway@uku.fi
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Callaway
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D031581:Banisteriopsis / Q000737:chemistry*; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006246:Harmaline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006247:Harmine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010641:Phenotype; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010944:Plants; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; C023426:tetrahydroharmane; D006247:Harmine; D006246:Harmaline; D019389:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; D004130:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine