title: A prospective, randomized double-blind study in children comparing two doses of nebulized L-epinephrine in postintubation croup.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the effectiveness and side effects of nebulized l-epinephrine (NLE) at a dose of 0.05 mL/kg versus 0.5 mL/kg in the treatment of postintubation croup in children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-nine children, who developed signs and symptoms of upper airway obstruction (UAO) after extubation, were randomized to receive either 0.05 mL/kg or 0.5 mL/kg of NLE. UAO scores, vital signs (VS) and possible side effects were recorded before and at 20 and 40 minutes after the treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-one and 18 patients were allocated to the 0.05 and 0.5 mL/kg groups, respectively. Both groups showed improvements in UAO scores over time. There were no significant differences in UAO scores and VS between the groups at all time points. Side effects of epinephrine were not observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In children with postintubation croup, the administration of NLE at the dose of 0.05 mL/kg results in similar improvements in the UAO scores, compared with the dose of 0.5 mL/kg. No complications were seen in either dose.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Bangkok, Thailand.
authors.forename: Aroonwan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Preutthipan
authors.forename: Preamrudee
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poomthavorn
authors.forename: Apinya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sumanapisan
authors.forename: Benchaporn
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chinrat
authors.forename: Sriwanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thasuntia
authors.forename: Adisak
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Plitponkarnpim
authors.forename: Teerachai
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chantarojanasiri
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003440:Croup / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004837:Epinephrine