title: Hypovitaminosis D among healthy adolescent girls attending an inner city school.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among healthy adolescent schoolgirls attending an inner city multiethnic girls' school.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty one (28%) of 182 girls (14 white, 37 non-white; median age 15.3 years, range 14.7-16.6) took part in the study. Biochemical parameters, dietary vitamin D intake, muscle function parameters, duration of daily sunlight exposure (SE), and percentage of body surface area exposed (%BSA) were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty seven (73%) girls were vitamin D deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) <30 nmol/l) and 9 (17%) were severely deficient (25OHD <12.5 nmol/l). The median (range) 25OHD concentration of white girls (37.3 nmol/l (18.3-73.3)) was higher than that of non-white girls (14.8 nmol/l (5.8-42.8)). The median (range) concentration of parathyroid hormone in white girls (2.8 pmol/l (1.0-3.7)) was lower than that of non-white girls (3.4 pmol/l (1.7-34.2)). Serum Ca, inorganic phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were not different in white and non-white girls. For the whole group, 25OHD concentration was related to the estimated SE and %BSA, but not to estimated intake of vitamin D. In white girls, the estimated SE and %BSA were significantly higher than that of non-white girls. The median times taken to complete the Gower's manoeuvre and grip strength were not different in the two groups; these variables were not related to serum 25OHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hypovitaminosis D is common among healthy adolescent girls; non-white girls are more severely deficient. Reduced sunshine exposure rather than diet explains the difference in vitamin D status of white and non-white girls.
authors.affiliation: Central Manchester Primary Care Trust, Manchester, UK.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Das
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Crocombe
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McGrath
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Berry
authors.forename: M Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Mughal
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001208:Asia / Q000208:ethnology; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000172:deficiency*; D015995:Prevalence; D013472:Sunlight; D014504:Urban Health; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology*; D044465:White People / Q000208:ethnology
chemical_list: D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D014807:Vitamin D