title: Costing the components of pain management: analysis of Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial (TROG 96.05): one versus five fractions for neuropathic bone pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Bone metastases causing neuropathic pain (NBP) have traditionally been treated with fractionated radiotherapy (RT). A recently reported randomised Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial (TROG 96.05) supports this approach in many cases [Roos DE, Turner SL, O'Brien PC et al. Randomised trial of 8 Gy in 1 versus 20 Gy in 5 fractions of radiotherapy for neuropathic pain due to bone metastases (Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group, TROG 96.05). Radiother Oncol 2005;75:54-63]. This study sought to compare costs to the Australian health-care system for patients receiving 1 versus 5 fractions for NBP.
  
  
  METHODS
  The RT and medication costs for 245 patients treated on TROG 96.05 were determined from trial data out to 3 months from RT. Admission costs and causes were derived from hospital records.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RT costs (including re-treatments) were calculated to be 222 and 724 Australian dollars (A dollars) per patient for the 8 Gy/1 and 20 Gy/5 arms, respectively. This difference increased when analgesics (A dollars 192 versus A dollars 229) and related hospital admissions (A dollars 1,411 versus A dollars 1,893) were considered. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated an incremental cost saving of between A dollars 795 and A dollars 1,468 for single fraction RT. Admission rates had the strongest potential to distort cost differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Clinical outcomes are paramount in choice of fractionation scheme but are optimally considered in the light of economic implications. Overall cost differences between fractionation schedules may vary greatly from those incurred by the RT treatment centre alone. Ideally, such economic evaluations should be planned at the outset of a trial.
authors.affiliation: NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Sydney University, Australia.
authors.forename: Christine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Pollicino
authors.forename: Sandra L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Daniel E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Roos
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: O'Brien
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000191:economics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001315:Australia; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000150:complications*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D016527:Drug Costs; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000191:economics* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000191:economics
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics