Prenatal alcohol and drug exposures in adoption.
Prenatal alcohol and drug exposures are a significant concern in many domestic and international adoptions. This article addresses the following substance exposures for children: alcohol, opiates, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamines. For each substance, we review the teratogenicity of the exposure and identify the spectrum of neurodevelopmental issues that can present in children exposed to this substance. Diagnosis of the spectrum of fetal alcohol outcomes is also discussed. When possible, we provide country-specific statistics on exposure risks for adopted children.
Davies
Julian K
JK
Division of General Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA. joolian@u.washington.edu
Bledsoe
Julia M
JM
D000300:Adoption; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002669:Child Welfare; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D002189:Marijuana Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis; D008694:Methamphetamine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014029:Tobacco Use Disorder / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States
D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D008694:Methamphetamine