title: Parents' reactions at 24-48 hrs after a preschool child's head injury.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Our objectives were, first, to compare mothers' and fathers' early reactions (stressors, concerns) to the preschool child's head injury, their perceptions of the child's injury severity, and their social support and mental health; second, to compare families with a child in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) vs. general care unit (GCU) on these variables; and third, to describe the relationships between parents' early reactions and perceived and objective injury severity, their social support, and mental health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Analysis of data collected in the hospital 24-48 hrs after the child's admission as part of a longitudinal study of parent and family functioning after a preschool child's head injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven tertiary care centers: three free-standing children's hospitals and four comprehensive hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 182 mothers and 64 fathers of 183 preschool children (ages 3-6) hospitalized for head injury, half in a PICU.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data collection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We measured parents' early reactions (stressors, concerns), influenced by parent mental health, social support, and objective and perceived injury severity. Mothers reported more stress than fathers regarding the child's behavior and emotions, communication with staff, and their parental role. Mothers in the PICU group reported more concern about the child's future and more stress regarding the child's appearance, sights and sounds of the unit, and procedures done to the child than mothers in the GCU group. Fathers in the PICU and GCU groups reported similar levels of stress and concern. Mothers' reactions were influenced by objective and perceived injury severity, social support, and psychological distress. Fathers' reactions were influenced by objective injury severity and psychological distress.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although mother-father couples rated their child's injury severity similarly, mothers experienced more stress than fathers. Social support decreased the stress for mothers but not for fathers. The experience of pediatric head trauma was more stressful for mothers of children in the PICU than mothers of children in the GCU.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Florida International University, USA.
authors.forename: JoAnne M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Youngblut
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brooten
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuluz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006259:Craniocerebral Trauma / Q000523:psychology*; D004644:Emotions; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D015278:Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D010362:Patients' Rooms; D010465:Perception; D011368:Professional-Family Relations; D012944:Social Support; D013997:Time Factors