title: Compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and insecticides for eradication of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.
abstract: The compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and chemical insecticides used to control the second instar stages of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, was investigated. The effect on spore germination of direct exposure for 24 h to the insecticides imidacloprid, buprofezin, teflubenzuron and nicotine was determined. Only exposure to buprofezin was followed by acceptable spore germination. However, all chemicals significantly reduced spore germination when compared to a water control. Infectivity of L. muscarium in the presence of dry residues of buprofezin, teflubenzuron and nicotine (imidacloprid is a systemic pesticide) on foliage were also investigated. No significant detrimental effects on the level of control of B. tabaci was recorded when compared with fungi applied to residue free foliage on either tomato or verbena plants. Fungi in combination with imidacloprid gave higher B. tabaci mortality on verbena foliage compared to either teflubenzuron or nicotine and fungi combinations. Use of these chemical insecticides with L. muscarium in integrated control programmes for B. tabaci is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK. a.cuthbertson@csl.gov.uk
authors.forename: Andrew G S
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Cuthbertson
authors.forename: Keith F A
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Carola
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Deppe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D005658:Fungi / Q000187:drug effects; D006430:Hemiptera / Q000254:growth & development / Q000382:microbiology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D027723:Ipomoea batatas / Q000469:parasitology*; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010572:Pest Control, Biological / Q000379:methods*; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects; D013829:Thiadiazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007093:Imidazoles; D007306:Insecticides; D000073943:Neonicotinoids; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D013829:Thiadiazines; C083997:buprofezin; C082359:imidacloprid; D009538:Nicotine; C052595:teflubenzuron