title: Effects of tributyltin maternal and/or waterborne exposure on the embryonic development of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum.
abstract: We examined the effect of tributyltin (TBT) on embryonic development of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. In a maternal exposure test, 100 clams were exposed to TBT at measured concentrations of <0.01 (control), 0.061, 0.310, or 0.350 microg/l at 20-22 degrees C for 3 weeks, and the embryo developmental success (the ratio of normal D-larvae to all larvae) was measured. There was a significant negative correlation between embryo developmental success and TBT concentration in the female Manila clams (p < 0.001). These results indicated that TBT accumulated in the female clam decreased embryo developmental success. In a waterborne exposure test, fertilized eggs (4 h after fertilization) were exposed to TBT at measured concentrations of <0.01 (control), 0.062, 0.140, 0.320, or 0.640 microg/l for 23 h. Embryo developmental success was also significantly decreased in all TBT treatment groups compared with that in the control group. TBT accumulated in female adults and waterborne TBT clearly inhibit reproductive success of the clam.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Fisheries Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Suguru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Oshima
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Usuki
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hamaguchi
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hanamura
authors.forename: Norihisa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kai
authors.forename: Yohei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimasaki
authors.forename: Tsuneo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Honjo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049872:Bivalvia; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014220:Trialkyltin Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C011559:tributyltin