title: Improvement of table grapes quality and safety by the combination of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and eugenol, menthol, or thymol.
abstract: Table grape is a nonclimacteric fruit that shows a rapid loss of quality during storage and is very susceptible to colonization by fungi, especially Botrytis cinerea, which is considered the most important disease of this commodity. To solve this problem, synthetic fungicides have been used, although legal restrictions and consumer's concern demand the search of other safe means. In the present paper, and as an alternative of synthetic fungicides, an active packaging to improve MAP effectiveness on preserving table grape (cv. Crimson Seedless) quality and safety was developed by the addition of 0.5 mL of eugenol, thymol, or menthol inside the packages. Packages were stored at 1 degree C for 35 days. The final gas composition inside the packages was 1.4-2.0 and 10.0-14.5 kPa of CO(2) and O(2), respectively, with no significant slight differences among treatments. Results showed that the addition of eugenol, thymol, or menthol improved the beneficial effect of MAP in terms of delaying weight loss and color changes, retarding degrees Brix/acidity ratio evolution, and maintaining of firmness. Thereafter, these treatments showed additional benefit in terms of delayed rates of rachis deterioration and berry decay. Finally, the total viable counts for both mesophilic aerobics and especially yeast and molds were significantly reduced in the grapes packaged with the natural antimicrobial compounds. All of the above effects led to maintenance of table grape quality and safety for longer storage periods (3 additional weeks as compared to controls under MAP only).
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Valverde
authors.forename: Fabián
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guillén
authors.forename: Domingo
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martínez-Romero
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valero
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D005054:Eugenol; D018857:Food Packaging / Q000379:methods*; D005638:Fruit / Q000382:microbiology; D008610:Menthol; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D011786:Quality Control; D013943:Thymol; D027843:Vitis
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D008610:Menthol; D013943:Thymol; D005054:Eugenol; D010100:Oxygen