title: Local anesthesia for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study reports the results of a prospective continuous cohort of patients treated for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with a unified anesthetic strategy based on the use of local anesthesia (LA) in all patients, while reserving regional (RA) or general anesthesia (GA) only for those with predefined individually or surgically specific indications.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients treated by EVAR for an elective aortic abdominal aneurysm (AAA) between April 1998 and December 2003 were included. The strategy of treatment generated three cohorts of patients (LA, RA, or GA). Primary outcome included all-cause mortality, nonfatal cardiac morbidity, respiratory complications, and renal failure. Secondary outcome measures included conversion to general anesthesia, use of analgesics, and time-related outcomes (operating time, length of stay in intensive care unit and hospital, time required to resume oral intake, and time to ambulation).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 239 patients underwent EVAR: 170 LA, 31 RA, and 38 GA. Overall mortality was one patient (0.4%). LA was associated with a lower incidence of complications compared with GA (P < .001). In the LA group, two patients had to be converted to GA, one because of a dissection and one because of anxiety. In 13% of the patients in the LA group, additional intravenous sedation or analgesia was required. Operating time and length of stay in intensive care was shorter in the LA and RA groups than in the GA group (P < .001). Length of stay in hospital and time to ambulation and regular diet was shorter in the LA group compared with the RA and GA groups (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A strategy based on the preferential use of LA for EVAR restricting RA or GA only to those with predefined contraindications is feasible and appears to be well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University Medical Center, McMaster University. e.l.g.verhoeven@chir.umcg.nl
authors.forename: E L G
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Verhoeven
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Cinà
authors.forename: I F J
authors.initials: IF
authors.lastname: Tielliu
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Zeebregts
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Eindhoven
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Span
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kapma
authors.forename: J J A M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: van den Dungen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D009017:Morbidity; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local