title: Experimental studies on artificial blood usage for hemodilution during cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although hemodilution is usually utilized during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), hemodilution can cause adverse effects such as hypotension and hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel perfluoro-octyl bromide (PFOB) emulsion, one of perfluorochemicals (PFCs) emulsions, administered during hemodilution CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen dogs were subjected to CPB for 2 hours under mild hypothermia. Animals were divided into three groups; control group, hemodilution group and PFOB group. During the experiment, hemodynamics, complete blood count and blood chemistry were monitored. In addition, serum complement titer (CH50), bradykinin and histamine concentrations were also measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Heart rate (HR) was markedly elevated in the hemodilution groups (p<0.05). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not change in the three groups. White blood cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) count did not significantly differ among the three groups. Plasma lactate concentration was markedly elevated only in hemodilution group during late phase of CPB (p<0.05). In the hemodilution group, CH50, bradykinin and histamine, were markedly elevated during the CPB and just after CPB (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present study demonstrated possible benefits of the new PFC emulsion during cardiac surgery by counteracting the adverse effects of hemodilution during CPB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isaka
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakuma
authors.forename: Michiaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imamura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Makino
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shiiya
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kenmotsu
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kitabatake
authors.forename: Keishu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasuda
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001802:Blood Substitutes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001920:Bradykinin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006438:Hemodilution / Q000379:methods*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology*; D006632:Histamine / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011336:Probability; D011897:Random Allocation; D012016:Reference Values; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D001802:Blood Substitutes; D006632:Histamine; D001920:Bradykinin