title: Up-regulation of advanced glycated products receptors in the brain of diabetic rats is prevented by antioxidant treatment.
abstract: Diabetics have at least twice the risk of stroke and may show performance deficit in a wide range of cognitive domains. The mechanisms underlying this gradually developing end-organ damage may involve both vascular changes and direct damage to neuronal cells as a result of overproduction of superoxide by the respiratory chain and consequent oxidative stress. The study aimed to assess the role of oxidative stress on the aldose reductase-polyol pathway, on advanced glycated end-product (AGE)/AGE-receptor interaction, and on downstream signaling in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-treated rats. Data show that, in diabetic rats, levels of prooxidant compounds increase, whereas levels of antioxidant compounds fall. Receptor for AGE and galectin-3 content and polyol flux increase, whereas glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity is impaired. Moreover, nuclear factor kappaB (p65) transcription factor levels and S-100 protein are increased in the hippocampus cytosol, suggesting that oxidative stress triggers the cascade of events that finally leads to neuronal damage. Dehydroepiandrosterone, the most abundant hormonal steroid in the blood, has been reported to possess antioxidant properties. When dehydroepiandrosterone was administered to diabetic rats, the improved oxidative imbalance and the marked reduction of AGE receptors paralleled the reduced activation of nuclear factor kappaB and the reduction of S-100 levels, reinforcing the suggestion that oxidative stress plays a role in diabetes-related neuronal damage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Medicine and Oncology, General Pathology Section, University of Turin, Italy. manuela.aragno@unito.it
authors.forename: Manuela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aragno
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mastrocola
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Medana
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Restivo
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Catalano
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Oliviero
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Danni
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Boccuzzi
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced / Q000378:metabolism; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000378:metabolism*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D017127:Glycation End Products, Advanced; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D000067759:Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase