title: Influence of alcohol and tobacco habits on peri-implant marginal bone loss: a prospective study.
abstract: A prospective clinical study was conducted to explore the possible link between peri-implant bone loss and the widespread habits of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. One hundred and eighty-five patients who received 514 implants were followed up for 3 years. Peri-implant marginal bone loss was evaluated by digital panoramic radiography and image analysis techniques. Multivariate analysis showed that peri-implant marginal bone loss was significantly related to a daily consumption of >10 g of alcohol, tobacco use and increased plaque levels and gingival inflammation. The present results indicate that daily alcohol consumption and tobacco use may have a negative influence on predictable long-term implant treatment outcomes, producing peri-implant bone loss and compromising restorative treatment with implant-supported prostheses.
authors.affiliation: Oral Surgery Department, School of Dentistry, Cartuja University Campus, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. pgalindo@ugr.es
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galindo-Moreno
authors.forename: Mounir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fauri
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Avila-Ortiz
authors.forename: Juan Emilio
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Fernández-Barbero
authors.forename: Andrés
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cabrera-León
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Fernández
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000209:etiology*; D015921:Dental Implants; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008439:Maxillary Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants