title: Antinociceptive effect of spinally administered cannabinergic and 2-adrenoceptor drugs on the formalin test in rat: possible interactions.
abstract: The current experiments were designed to study the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal (i.t.) administration of cannabinoid CB1 receptor and 2-adrenoceptor drugs in the nociceptive processing and also their receptor interactions. Different doses of a cannabinoid receptor agonist, CP 55,940, and an 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine induced a dose-dependent antinociception in both phases of the formalin test.CP 55,940-induced antinociception was reduced by pretreatment of a selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, SR 141716A, but not by pretreatment with an 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine in both phases of the test. However, yohimbine and SR 141716A attenuated the antinociception induced by clonidine in the early phase but not in the late phase of the test. While SR 141716A by itself did not influence pain behaviour, the reversal effect of clonidine by SR 141716A indicate that clonidine stimulate the release of endocannabinoid(s). In conclusion, our findings may suggest that: (1) spinal cannabinoid and 2-adrenoceptor systems are able to induce antinociception in both phases of formalin test, and (2) the cannabinoid system may be involved in the antinociception induced by adrenoceptors in the early phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mohammad Javad
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Khodayar
authors.forename: Bijan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shafaghi
authors.forename: Nima
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Naderi
authors.forename: Mohammad-Reza
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zarrindast
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D000700:Analgesics; D000818:Animals; D003511:Cyclohexanols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D005557:Formaldehyde; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D008297:Male; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000187:drug effects*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 / Q000187:drug effects*; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077285:Rimonabant; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000700:Analgesics; D003511:Cyclohexanols; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; D043884:Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; D018341:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; D043882:Receptors, Cannabinoid; D005557:Formaldehyde; D015016:Yohimbine; C054649:3-(2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl)-4-(3-hydroxypropyl)cyclohexanol; D000077285:Rimonabant