title: Block observations of neighbourhood physical disorder are associated with neighbourhood crime, firearm injuries and deaths, and teen births.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To provide reliability information for a brief observational measure of physical disorder and determine its relation with neighbourhood level crime and health variables after controlling for census based measures of concentrated poverty and minority concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychometric analysis of block observation data comprising a brief measure of neighbourhood physical disorder, and cross sectional analysis of neighbourhood physical disorder, neighbourhood crime and birth statistics, and neighbourhood level poverty and minority concentration.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, US (2000 population=334 563).
  
  
  METHODS
  Pittsburgh neighbourhoods (n=82) and their residents (as reflected in neighbourhood level statistics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The physical disorder index showed adequate reliability and validity and was associated significantly with rates of crime, firearm injuries and homicides, and teen births, while controlling for concentrated poverty and minority population.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This brief measure of neighbourhood physical disorder may help increase our understanding of how community level factors reflect health and crime outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hipwell
authors.forename: Dustin
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pardini
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Beyers
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loeber
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003415:Crime / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006708:Homicide / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010414:Pennsylvania / Q000453:epidemiology; D011203:Poverty / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011594:Psychometrics; D012111:Residence Characteristics / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014754:Violence / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology