title: Hodgkin's disease in Indian children: outcome with chemotherapy alone.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To assess the efficacy of chemotherapy alone, using four cycles of COPP alternating with four cycles of ABVD in all stages of childhood Hodgkin's disease (HD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between January 1991 and February 2001, 148 previously untreated patients were investigated, treated, and analyzed for remission and survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 134 boys and 14 girls with a median age of 8 years, 75% were less than 10 years old. 63.5% had advanced stage disease (IIB-IV). B symptoms were present in 54.4% of cases; bulky mediastinal mass in 18 cases (12.2%); spleen and bone marrow involvement in 22 (14.9%) and four cases (2.7%), respectively. Mixed cellularity (MC) subtype was found in 86.0%. Response to treatment was evaluated in 133 patients: complete remission (CR) was achieved in 121 patients (91.0%), partial remission (PR) in seven (5.3%), progression occurred in two (1.5%), and three (2.3%) died on therapy. Four patients with mediastinal residual disease were given additional involved field radiotherapy. Out of 111 patients analyzable, five (4.5%) have relapsed 6-30 months after completing chemotherapy, and were treated with additional cycles of ABVD and low-dose involved field radiotherapy. The 5-year actuarial overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) are 91.5 and 87.9%, respectively. Advanced stage, B symptoms, anemia, spleen, and marrow involvement were adverse prognostic factors for survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chemotherapy alone with alternating COPP/ABVD, without additional radiotherapy, provides high rates of durable remission and is an effective therapy in childhood HD, even in case of large mediastinal mass and peripheral or abdominal bulky disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. lsarya@rediffmail.com
authors.forename: Laxman S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Veronique
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dinand
authors.forename: Vasantha
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Thavaraj
authors.forename: Sameer
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bakhshi
authors.forename: Ramesh
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dawar
authors.forename: Goura K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Rath
authors.forename: Rajvir
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Tribhuvan S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vats
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011344:Procarbazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate; D014747:Vinblastine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014750:Vincristine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D001761:Bleomycin; D011344:Procarbazine; D014750:Vincristine; D014747:Vinblastine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D011241:Prednisone