title: Evaluated fate and effects of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in vegetated and unvegetated microcosms.
abstract: Contaminants such as nutrients, metals, and pesticides can interact with constructed wetlands and existing drainage ditches used as agricultural best-management practices. Our research has shown that the presence of macrophytes and a hydrologic regime aid in the transfer and transformation of pesticides associated with agricultural runoff. This study consisted of application of both atrazine (triazine herbicide) and lambda-cyhalothrin (pyrethroid insecticide) to vegetated and unvegetated microcosms in order to measure the fate and effects of pesticides applied at suggested field application rates. Exposures focused on monocultures of Ludwigia peploides (water primrose) and Juncus effusus (soft rush). Pesticide sorption was evident through concentrations of atrazine and lambda-cyhalothrin in plant tissue as high as 2461.4 and 86.50 microg/kg, respectively. Toxicity was measured in water from unvegetated microcosms for 28 days and in Chironomus tentans (midge larvae) exposed to sediment collected from 3 h to 56 days in microcosms receiving the pesticide combination. The comparative survival of test organisms in this study suggests that effective mitigation of pesticides from runoff can depend on the macrophyte contact and vegetative attributes associated with ditches.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas State University, Environmental Sciences Program, Jonesboro, Arkansas, USA. jbouldin@astate.edu
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bouldin
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Farris
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Moore
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000818:Animals; D001280:Atrazine / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D002683:Chironomidae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D033361:Cladocera / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003530:Cyprinidae / Q000502:physiology; D017753:Ecosystem; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D008922:Mississippi; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D029594:Onagraceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010316:Particle Size; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D013997:Time Factors; D018675:Toxicity Tests; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D006540:Herbicides; D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D001280:Atrazine; C037304:cyhalothrin