title: Involvement of c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase and p38MAPK in rapamycin-mediated inhibition of neointimal formation in rat carotid arteries.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Rapamycin-coated stents in coronary artery lesions have recently been shown to be effective in inhibiting neointimal formation. However, little is known about the effects of rapamycin on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which is an important signal for neointimal formation. Therefore, we examined the effects of rapamycin on MAPK and transcriptional factors in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC) and in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activation of ERK, JNK, p38MAPK, AP-1, and NF-kB in coronary artery smooth muscle cells was increased by 2% fetal bovine serum. Ten nmol/L of rapamycin prevented the activation of JNK, p38MAPK, AP-1, and NF-kB (65%, 65%, 67%, and 26% respectively, P<0.01). In an in vivo study, remarkable neointimal formation was observed 14 days after injury. Coating Pluronic gel with 20 and 50 mug rapamycin around the injured artery significantly decreased the intimal area/medial area ratio, compared with vehicle (0.75 vs. 1.2, P<0.01). Rapamycin prevented the increase in activation of JNK, p38MAPK, AP-1, and NF-kB in injured artery (42%, 70%, 75%, and 60% respectively, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neointimal formation after balloon injury is inhibited by rapamycin, which is partially mediated by inhibition of JNK and p38MAPK, followed by AP-1 and NF-kB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka, Japan. omura@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshiyama
authors.forename: Yasukatsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: Shokei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Ryo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enomoto
authors.forename: Takanori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kusuyama
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nishiya
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kaname
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akioka
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Iwao
authors.forename: Kazuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takeuchi
authors.forename: Junichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020212:Carotid Artery Injuries / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus