title: Combination therapy of intravenous maxacalcitol and percutaneous ethanol injection therapy lowers serum parathyroid hormone level and calcium x phosphorus product in secondary hyperparathyroidism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Percutaneous ethanol injection therapy (PEIT) is an alternative treatment for secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Although maxacalcitol has been recently developed as a new vitamin D3 and its efficacy is anticipated in SHPT, there are only few reports on the usefulness of combination therapy of intravenous maxacalcitol and selective PEIT.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study population comprised 10 hemodialysis patients (6 males and 4 females, mean age; 51.5 +/- 13.5 years, mean HD period 13.7 +/- 3.5 years), with high intact-PTH level (>400 pg/ml) and 1 or 2 enlarged parathyroid glands detected by power Doppler ultrasonography. Intravenous maxacalcitol therapy commenced one week after PEIT at 15 microg/week. The effect of combination therapy was monitored by measuring intact-PTH, serum Ca and P, bone metabolic markers, parathyroid gland volume and bone mineral density, prior to and at 6 and 12 months after PEIT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful control of intact-PTH, bone metabolic markers and parathyroid gland volume was achieved using the combination therapy. Serum P and CaxP product were significantly decreased 12 months after PEIT. The mean values of serum intact-PTH, P and CaxP product fulfilled all of the K/DOQI guidelines at 12 months after PEIT. None of the patients developed complications related to PEIT-maxacalcitol therapy during 12 months following PEIT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy of intravenous maxacalcitol therapy and selective PEIT is safe and effective for the treatment of refractory SHPT. This combination therapy results in suppression of PTH secretion, regression of parathyroid hyperplasia and the control of CaxP product, which may prevent calcific uremic arteriolopathy in dialysis patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Akebono Clinic, Shirafuji, Kumamoto, Japan. tanaka@matusita-kai.or.jp
authors.forename: Motoko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Kazuko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Kazutaka
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsushita
authors.forename: Masafumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukagawa
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015519:Bone Density; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D015897:Comorbidity; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D010758:Phosphorus; D000431:Ethanol; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D002117:Calcitriol; C051883:maxacalcitol; D002118:Calcium