title: Relative and absolute risks of cigarette smoking on major histologic types of lung cancer in Korean men.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most prospective cohort studies of lung cancer focus on the relative risk rather than the absolute risk of smoking.
  
  
  METHODS
  This prospective study included 437,976 Korean men (cohort for the National Health Insurance Cooperation Study), > or = 40 years old, who were free of cancer and smoking-related chronic disease at the time of enrollment. Based on new incidence cases, relative risk and excess risk, and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), were estimated with the standard Poisson regression model after adjustment for age or other demographic factors and other confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the 6-year follow-up period of 3,142,451 person-years, 1,357 new lung cancer cases were identified. Based on the multivariate-adjusted relative risk for current smokers, the strongest association with smoking was shown for small-cell lung cancer (relative risk, 21.7; 95% CI, 8.0-58.5) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (relative risk, 11.7; 95% CI, 7.1-19.4) and then adenocarcinoma (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.7). In current smokers with > or = 40 pack-years of exposure, excess risk was highest for squamous cell carcinoma (excess risk, 33.8; 95% CI, 10.2-109.8) followed by adenocarcinoma (excess risk, 26.7; 95% CI, 10.3-64.4), and then small-cell carcinoma (excess risk, 16.3; 95% CI, 1.8-144.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In Korean men, cigarette smoking was as important a risk factor for adenocarcinoma as it was for squamous cell and small-cell lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. lawyun@ncc.re.kr
authors.forename: Young Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Min Kyung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kyu Won
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Jong-Myon
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bae
authors.forename: Sang Min
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Soon Ae
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Jin Soo
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jae-Gahb
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Park
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007723:Korea / Q000453:epidemiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*