title: QuantiFERON-TB predicts tuberculin skin test boosting in U.S. foreign-born.
abstract: METHODS
  Santa Clara County, Northern California.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To characterize agreement of tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) with repeated testing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two subjects participating in an ongoing prospective study of infectious disease transmission were tested by TST and QFT at two home visits 3 months apart. Boosting was defined as reclassification of TST from negative to positive. Agreement and reproducibility of TST and QFT were assessed using kappa and McNemar statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 48 individuals completing all tests, 75% were foreign-born (92% Latin America) and 58% were BCG-vaccinated. Initial TST and QFT were positive in 13 (27%) and 21 (44%), respectively, with an overall agreement of 67% (K = 0.29). Ten (29%) of 35 initial TST-negative reactions boosted, nine of whom were BCG-vaccinated subjects. Boosting occurred in eight (67%) of 12 subjects who were initially QFT-positive/TST-negative. Compared to the second TST, initial QFT had a relative post-test probability of 76% (95% CI 0.58-0.95); boosting accounted for 8/16 (50%) of initial testing discordances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Positive QFT in the setting of negative TST frequently anticipates a TST boost. This finding helps explain discordance between the two tests and may provide an alternative to serial TST testing.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Parsonnet
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004641:Emigration and Immigration; D006801:Humans; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000379:methods*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D007371:Interferon-gamma