title: Comparison of two ruminoscopy techniques in calves.
abstract: Two different techniques were tested in nine calves to describe endoscopically the visible structures of the rumen and the reticulum. Ruminoscopy using an orally introduced flexible endoscope proved to be unsatisfactory, but when the endoscope was introduced through a ruminal fistula in the left flank into the dorsal and ventral ruminal sacs, the blind sacs, ruminal pillars, the atrium of the rumen, the reticulum and the reticular groove could all be displayed effectively. Indentations of the ruminal wall caused by the left kidney, the spleen and the abomasum could be seen with the endoscope as could reticulo-ruminal contractions. The technique allowed visual evaluation of the mucosal surfaces and movement of the rumen, reticulum and reticular groove. The advantages and disadvantages of ruminoscopy in bovine medicine are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Ruminants, Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria. sonja.franz@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Sonja
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Arcangelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baumgartner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery; D016145:Endoscopy, Digestive System / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D005402:Fistula; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery