title: Sexual concerns and educational needs after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) describe anxiety, fears, and other psychosocial issues, although sexual concerns are not well understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this descriptive study was to explore the experiences of patients and partners with return to sexual activity post-ICD implantation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 12 patients with an ICD (10 men, 2 women) and 4 partners (1 man, 3 women). Most patients with an ICD and partners were age 55 years or older, with a mean age of 62 years for patients and 47 years for partners.
  
  
  METHODS
  A semistructured interview was used to explore the meaning and influence of the ICD on the sexual relationship. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Themes identified were (1) anxiety and apprehension, with subthemes of partner overprotectiveness and fear of ICD discharge with sexual activity; (2) varying interest and pattern of sexual activity; (3) powerfulness of ICD discharge; and (4) a need for information and sexual counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Additional research is needed to further understand the experience of ICD discharge with sexual activity and to develop educational strategies.
authors.affiliation: Wichita State University, School of Nursing, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA.
authors.forename: Elaine E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Steinke
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gill-Hopple
authors.forename: Dara
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Valdez
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wooster
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000523:psychology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011788:Quality of Life; D012731:Sex Counseling; D012725:Sexual Behavior / Q000523:psychology*; D012747:Sexual Partners; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D016896:Treatment Outcome