title: Patients' reports of traumatic or harmful experiences within the psychiatric setting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study examined the frequency and associated distress of potentially traumatic or harmful experiences occurring within psychiatric settings among persons with severe mental illness who were served by a public-sector mental health system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 142 randomly selected adult psychiatric patients who were recruited through a day hospital program. Participants completed a battery of self-report measures to assess traumatic and harmful events that occurred during the course of their mental health care, lifetime trauma exposure, and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data revealed high rates of reported lifetime trauma that occurred within psychiatric settings, including physical assault (31 percent), sexual assault (8 percent), and witnessing traumatic events (63 percent). The reported rates of potentially harmful experiences, such as being around frightening or violent patients (54 percent), were also high. Finally, reported rates of institutional measures of last resort, such as seclusion (59 percent), restraint (34 percent), takedowns (29 percent), and handcuffed transport (65 percent), were also high. Having medications used as a threat or punishment, unwanted sexual advances in a psychiatric setting, inadequate privacy, and sexual assault by a staff member were associated with a history of exposure to sexual assault as an adult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Findings suggest that traumatic and harmful experiences within psychiatric settings warrant increased attention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, 29425, USA. fruehbc@musc.edu
authors.forename: B Christopher
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Frueh
authors.forename: Rebecca G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Karen J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Cusack
authors.forename: Anouk L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Grubaugh
authors.forename: Julie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sauvageot
authors.forename: Victoria C
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Cousins
authors.forename: Eunsil
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Cynthia S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Robins
authors.forename: Jeannine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Monnier
authors.forename: Thomas G
authors.initials: TG
authors.lastname: Hiers
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003631:Day Care, Medical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010344:Patient Advocacy; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D012449:Safety; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013022:South Carolina; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014754:Violence / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*