Smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits in alcoholism.
BACKGROUND
Impaired problem solving, visual-spatial processing, memory, and cognitive proficiency are consequences of severe alcoholism. Smoking is much more prevalent among alcoholics than the general population, yet the possible neurocognitive effects of cigarette smoking in alcoholism have not been studied, despite evidence that long-term smoking is associated with neurocognitive deficits.


OBJECTIVE
Determine whether smoking contributes to neurocognitive deficits associated with alcoholism.


METHODS
Neurocognitive function was examined in a community-recruited (n=172) sample of men. Alcohol problems/alcoholism were measured by the lifetime alcohol problems score (LAPS), DSM-IV diagnosis, and monthly drinking rate. Smoking was measured in pack-years. Neurocognitive function was measured with IQ (short version of WAIS-R), and cognitive proficiency (fast, accurate performance).


RESULTS
Both alcoholism and smoking were negatively correlated with neurocognitive function. When alcoholism and smoking were included in regression models, smoking remained a significant predictor for both measures, but alcoholism remained significant only for IQ.


CONCLUSIONS
Both smoking and alcoholism were related to neurocognitive function. Smoking may explain some of the relationship between alcoholism and neurocognitive function, perhaps especially for measures that focus on proficiency. Future studies are necessary to more fully understand the effects of smoking on neurocognitive function in alcoholism.
Glass
Jennifer M
JM
Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Addiction Research Center, 2025 Traverwood, Suite A, Ann Arbor, 48105-2194, USA. jglass@umich.edu
Adams
Kenneth M
KM
Nigg
Joel T
JT
Wong
Maria M
MM
Puttler
Leon I
LI
Buu
Anne
A
Jester
Jennifer M
JM
Fitzgerald
Hiram E
HE
Zucker
Robert A
RA
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013695:Temperance