title: Erythropoietin stimulates growth and STAT5 phosphorylation in human prostate epithelial and prostate cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Erythropoietin (Epo), the principal regulator of erythroid progenitor survival, growth, and differentiation, initiates its action by binding to its cognate cell surface receptor (EpoR). EpoR have been identified on a variety of non-hematopoietic cells, both normal and malignant, however, little is known about the function of EpoR on malignant cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate that prostate cancer cells express EpoR at both the gene and protein level. Cell proliferation assays and STAT5 phosphorylation were used to demonstrate Epo's mitogenic action and intracellular signaling, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We have demonstrated that transformed prostate epithelial and prostate cancer cell lines, as well as primary prostate tissue, express the EpoR. Importantly, the EpoR on prostate cells are functional, as demonstrated by the observation that each of the cell lines exhibited a dose-dependent proliferative response to Epo, and that Epo triggered STAT5b phosphorylation in the cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Human prostatic epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells express functional EpoR, and Epo serves as a growth factor for these cells. These results have implications for our understanding of normal prostatic growth and development and of the pathobiology of human prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Cell and Molecular Biology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. lfeldman@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Laurie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: Yuxun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Johng S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Rhim
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Bhattacharya
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loda
authors.forename: Arthur J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Sytkowski
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011467:Prostate / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017467:Receptors, Erythropoietin; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D050799:STAT5 Transcription Factor; D004921:Erythropoietin