title: Persistence and efficacy of three diatomaceous earth formulations against Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on wheat and barley.
abstract: The insecticidal and residual efficacy of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, Insecto, PyriSec, and SilicoSec, against Sitophilus oryzae (L.) on barley and wheat was assessed. For this purpose, 4-kg lots of barley and wheat were treated with the above-mentioned DE formulations, in three dose rates (0.75, 1, and 1.5 g/kg grain) and stored at 26 degrees C. Samples of these lots were taken at the day of storage, and every 45 d, until the completion of a 450-d period of storage. Bioassays were conducted by exposing S. oryzae adults to these samples, at 26 degrees C and 57% RH. In these bioassays, the DE efficacy was evaluated by recording adult mortality after 24 h, 48 h, 7 d, and 14 d of exposure on the treated grains. After the 14-d count, all adults were removed, and the samples were left at the same conditions for an additional 45 d, to evaluate the capacity for progeny production in the treated grains. Adult mortality after 14 d of exposure was exponentially decreased with time. During the first 270 d of storage, mortality was > 90%, and progeny production was < 1 adult per sample, whereas after 270 d a gradual decrease in adult mortality occurred, with a resulting increase in progeny production. Generally, the three DE formulations tested were equally effective against S. onyzae adults. During the first 270 d of storage, the DE formulations were equally effective on both grains tested, but from 315 d of storage and on, S. oryzae mortality was higher on barley than on wheat. At this interval, progeny production was gradually increased, especially on grains treated with the lowest DE dose rate. However, even this rate caused a satisfactory level of mortality (> 90% after 14 d of exposure) during the first 270 d of storage.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Agricultural Zoology and Entomology, Agricultural University of Athens, 75 Iera Odos, 11855 Athens, Attica, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Athanassiou
authors.forename: Nickolas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Kavallieratos
authors.forename: Leonidas P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Economou
authors.forename: Constantin B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Dimizas
authors.forename: Basileios J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Vayias
authors.forename: Snezana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tomanović
authors.forename: Marija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Milutinović
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007692:Diatomaceous Earth; D001467:Hordeum / Q000469:parasitology*; D007300:Insect Control / Q000379:methods*; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology; D014908:Triticum / Q000469:parasitology*; D048889:Weevils / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007692:Diatomaceous Earth