title: Orthogonal array design in optimizing the extraction efficiency of active constituents from roots of Panax notoginseng.
abstract: The root of Panax notoginseng (Radix Notoginseng, Sanqi) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly cultivated in Wenshan of Yunnan China. The identified active constituents in Radix Notoginseng include saponin, ssavonoid and polysaccharide; however, the levels of these active constituents vary greatly with different extraction processes. This variation causes a serious problem in standardizing the herbal extract. By using HPLC and spectrophotometry, the contents of notoginsenoside R(1), ginsenoside R(g1), R(b1), R(d), and ssavonoids were determined in the extracts of Radix Notoginseng that were derived from different processes of extraction according to an orthogonal array experimental design having three variable parameters: nature of extraction solvent, extraction volume and extraction time. The nature of extraction solvent and extraction volume were two distinct factors in obtaining those active constituents, while the time of extraction was a subordinate factor. The optimized condition of extraction therefore is considered to be 20 volumes of water and extracted for 24 h. In good agreement with the amount of active constituents, the activity of anti-platelet aggregation was found to be the highest in the extract that contained a better yield of the active constituents. The current results provide an optimized extraction method for the quality control of Radix Notoginseng.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
authors.forename: T T X
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: K W K
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Tsim
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation / Q000187:drug effects; D011786:Quality Control; D011794:Quercetin / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; C442759:ginsenoside Rb1; D011794:Quercetin; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1; C049863:ginsenoside Rd; C072936:notoginsenoside R1