title: Trastuzumab therapy for tamoxifen-stimulated endometrial cancer.
abstract: A novel in vivo model of tamoxifen-stimulated endometrial cancer was developed and the role of HER-2/neu investigated by using trastuzumab. Tamoxifen-stimulated tumors (ECC-1TAM) were growth stimulated by 17beta-estradiol (E2), tamoxifen, or raloxifene. Trastuzumab inhibited growth of E2-stimulated ECC-1E2 tumors by 50% and tamoxifen-stimulated ECC-1TAM tumors by 100%. ECC-1 tumors expressed functional estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha) as measured by induction of pS2 and c-myc mRNAs. E2 induced pS2 and c-myc mRNAs up to 40-fold in ECC-1E2 and ECC-1TAM. Tamoxifen induced pS2 and c-myc mRNAs up to 5-fold in ECC-1E2 tumors and up to 10-fold in ECC-TAM tumors. Trastuzumab blocked E2-induced pS2 mRNA (P < 0.01) in ECC-1E2 by 50% and tamoxifen-induced c-myc mRNA (P < 0.1) in ECC-1TAM tumors by 70%. Trastuzumab decreased phosphorylated and total HER-2/neu protein in ECC-1E2 and ECC-1TAM tumors. However, only phospho-ERK-1/2 and not phospho-Akt protein was decreased by trastuzumab in tamoxifen-treated ECC-1TAM tumors. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) signaling pathway also activates extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-1/2 and could block the efficacy of trastuzumab in ECC-1E2 tumors. The results showed that IGF-I, IGF-IR mRNAs, and phospho-insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) protein were decreased in ECC-1TAM compared with ECC-1E2 tumors. The results show that trastuzumab is an effective therapy for both E2-stimulated and tamoxifen-stimulated endometrial cancer. The data suggest estrogenic activities of E2 and tamoxifen at ER alpha-regulated pS2 and c-myc genes are in part mediated by HER-2/neu. However, trastuzumab is a better growth inhibitor of ECC-1TAM tumors where there is diminished IGF-I signaling allowing for complete blockade of the downstream phospho-ERK-1/2 signal.
authors.affiliation: Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Clodia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Osipo
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Meeke
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Dong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Alyssa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weichel
authors.forename: V Craig
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Jordan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000494:pharmacology; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D053766:Presenilin-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000068878:Trastuzumab; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D004958:Estradiol; D047628:Estrogen Receptor alpha; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D053766:Presenilin-2; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D013629:Tamoxifen; D000068878:Trastuzumab; C489427:MYC protein, human; C508861:PSEN2 protein, human