title: Activity-based intervention in motor skill development.
abstract: This study assessed the effectiveness of an activity-based intervention program and a direct instruction program for preschool children with disabilities. Two groups of preschool students (average age=4.1 yr.), classified as having developmental delays or at risk for such delays, were selected. They were provided 15 weeks of physical education through activity-based intervention and 15 weeks of physical education by direct instruction. Instruction was provided three times a week for 30-min. each session. In the fall semester the morning group received physical education through activity-based intervention, while the afternoon group received physical education through direct instruction. In the spring semester delivery of instruction was reversed for each group. The curriculum and activities provided to each group were identical with only the instructional delivery format altered. Two sets of pre- and post-tests using the Test of Gross Motor Development were administered before and after each 15-wk. instructional period. Group improvement in skills was compared between instructional methods. Significant improvement in both locomotor and object control skills through the activity-based intervention was found compared to direct instruction. Activity-based intervention was shown to be easily adapted to a naturalistic educational setting befitting that of preschool education.
authors.affiliation: Department of Sports Education Leadership, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, Box 453031, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA. rr.apache@ccmail.nevada.edu
authors.forename: R R Goyakla
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Apache
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000534:rehabilitation; D018479:Early Intervention, Educational; D004519:Education, Special; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010806:Physical Education and Training