title: Anti-inflammatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in THP-1 cells.
abstract: The effects of linoleic acid (LA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were compared to that of palmitic acid (PA), on inflammatory responses in human monocytic THP-1 cells. When cells were pre-incubated with fatty acids for 2-h and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide for 24-h in the presence of fatty acids, secretion of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) was significantly decreased after treatment with LA, ALA, and DHA versus PA (P < 0.01 for all); ALA and DHA elicited more favorable effects. These effects were comparable to those for 15-deoxy-delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and were dose-dependent. In addition, LA, ALA, and DHA decreased IL-6, IL-1beta, and TNFalpha gene expression (P < 0.05 for all) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB DNA-binding activity, whereas peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) DNA-binding activity was increased. The results indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids may be, in part, due to the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation via activation of PPARgamma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Guixiang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Terry D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Etherton
authors.forename: Keith R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Vanden Heuvel
authors.forename: Peter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: Sheila G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: Penny M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Kris-Etherton
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047495:PPAR gamma; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D019787:Linoleic Acid