title: Socioeconomic position in childhood and adult cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and function: cardiovascular risk in young Finns study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association of childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) with adult cardiovascular risk factors, vascular structure, and vascular function in a contemporary population of young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population based prospective cohort study with baseline assessment in 1980.
  
  
  METHODS
  Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  856 men and 1066 women whose childhood SEP was determined by parental occupational status (manual, lower non-manual, upper non-manual) at age 3-18 years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cardiovascular risk factors, carotid artery intima-media thickness, and brachial artery flow mediated vasodilatation, assessed at age 24-39 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age and adult SEP, systolic pressure was 2.3 mm Hg higher (p = 0.0002), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 0.03 mmol/l lower (p = 0.02), and insulin resistance score (homeostasis model assessment index) 0.12 units greater (p = 0.05) among men; and systolic pressure was 1.3 mm Hg higher (p = 0.02), diastolic pressure 1.1 mm Hg higher (p = 0.01), and height 1.1 cm lower (p < 0.0001) among women for each step down the childhood SEP hierarchy. Lower childhood SEP was associated with a 20% increase in the odds of having a waist circumference > 102 cm in men and > 88 cm in women (overall p = 0.05). Childhood SEP was not associated with intima-media thickness, flow mediated vasodilatation, the metabolic syndrome, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index, alcohol consumption, or smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among adults under 40, low childhood SEP predicted higher blood pressure and central obesity and, among men, unfavourable HDL cholesterol and insulin resistance, independent of current SEP. No independent effects were found on adult vascular structure, vascular function, or health related behaviours at this life stage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. mika.kivimaki@ttl.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivimäki
authors.forename: G Davey
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Juonala
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Ferrie
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Keltikangas-Järvinen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Elovainio
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pulkki-Råback
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vahtera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leino
authors.forename: J S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012923:Social Class; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000033:anatomy & histology