title: [Changes in serum and urine ceruloplasmin concentrations in type 2 diabetes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the changes in serum and urine ceruloplasmin (Cp) concentrations in type 2 diabetes, and to explore its clinical significance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cp concentrations of 57 serum samples were measured by radioimmunoassay and ratenephelometry. In the meantime, the serum and urine Cp concentrations in 110 healthy individuals and 104 type 2 diabetic patients were determined by ratenephelometry. For analysis and comparison, 104 type 2 diabetic patients were divided into imperfect glycemic control subgroup (n = 54) and perfect glycemic control subgroup (n = 50), diabetic nephropathy subgroup (n = 47) and non-diabetic nephropathy subgroup (n = 57).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum Cp concentrations obtained with the radioimmunoassay and ratenephelometry methods were highly correlated and essentially indistinguishable. The cut-off point of the serum Cp concentrations was 542 mg/L and that of the ratio of Cp and creatinine was 0. 892 ng/mmol, which was determined according to the upper limit of 97.5% credit intervals or 97.5% percentile in 110 healthy individuals. Cp concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy individuals (P <0.001). Of the type 2 diabetic patients, the imperfect glycemic subgroup had higher serum Cp concentrations than those of the perfect glycemic subgroup (P <0.01). The urine ratio of Cp and creatinine in diabetic nephropathy subgroup was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic nephropathy subgroup (P < 0.001). Urine ratio of Cp and creatinine in diagnosing diabetic nephropathy had 91.4% of sensitivity, 61.4% of specificity, and 75.0% of concordance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Detection of serum Cp levels has some reference value in understanding the state of diabetes. Combined determination of urine ratio of Cp and creatinine and ratio of albumin and creatinine is significant in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
authors.forename: Li-Xin
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Gan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D002570:Ceruloplasmin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D002570:Ceruloplasmin