title: Is the questionnaire for the assessment of gastroesophageal reflux useful for diabetic patients?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  It has been suggested that the questionnaire reported by Carlsson et al. has high sensitivity in diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and is considered to be one of the most useful diagnostic tools for GERD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of the questionnaire to identify gastroesophageal reflux (GER) diagnosed by 24-h pH monitoring in diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled in the present study. GER was monitored by means of an antimony electrode. Patients completed the questionnaires immediately before undergoing pH monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diabetic patients were found to have few symptoms, and the average score on the questionnaire was extremely low. No significant difference in scores on the questionnaire was observed between patients with and those without GER.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The questionnaire was shown not to be useful for diagnosing GER as a complication in diabetic patients. We, therefore, should not diagnose GER as a complication in diabetes mellitus on the basis of the questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: Fumihiko
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kinekawa
authors.forename: Fumiyoshi
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: Mitsuyoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Furuta
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamanouchi
authors.forename: Hideyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Hirohide
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurata
authors.forename: Yoshihito
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Shigeki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires