title: Increased transcriptional response to mechanical strain in keloid fibroblasts due to increased focal adhesion complex formation.
abstract: Clinicians have observed that keloids preferentially form in body areas subject to increased skin tension. We hypothesized a difference exists in the transcriptional response of keloid fibroblasts to mechanical strain compared with normal fibroblasts. Normal and keloid fibroblasts were seeded in a device calibrated to deliver a known level of equibiaxial strain. We examined the transcriptional response of TGF-beta isoforms and collagen Ialpha, genes differentially expressed in keloids. Keloid fibroblasts produced more mRNA for TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and collagen Ialpha after mechanical strain compared to normals, and this was correlated with protein production. Inhibiting the major mechanical signal transduction pathway with the ERK inhibitor, U0126, blocked upregulation of gene expression. In addition, keloid fibroblasts formed more focal adhesion complexes as measured by immunofluorescence for focal adhesion kinase, integrin beta1, and vinculin. Finally, there is increased activation of focal adhesion kinase when we detected the phosphorylated form of focal adhesion kinase with immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. In summary, keloid fibroblasts have an exaggerated response to mechanical strain compared to normal fibroblasts leading to increased production of pro-fibrotic growth factors. This may be one molecular mechanism for the development of keloids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford 94305, and Palo Alto VA Health Care System, California, USA.
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Kenton D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Toan-Thang
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Phan
authors.forename: Ivor J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Michael T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Longaker
authors.forename: George P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D022001:Focal Adhesions; D006801:Humans; D039641:Integrin beta Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D007627:Keloid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D016596:Vinculin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039641:Integrin beta Chains; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016596:Vinculin; D051417:Focal Adhesion Kinase 1; C496050:PTK2 protein, human; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases