title: 18F-FDG PET for staging breast cancer in patients with inner-quadrant versus outer-quadrant tumors: comparison with long-term clinical outcome.
abstract: Extraaxillary metastases (i.e., in the absence of axillary involvement) are more likely to develop in patients with inner-quadrant (IQ) breast cancer than in patients with outer-quadrant (OQ) primary tumors. The relative difficulty of identifying extraaxillary metastases may lead to understaging of cancer in these patients. This study examined whether (18)F-FDG PET findings were differentially associated with the location of primary tumors, and with long-term prognosis, in IQ and OQ patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Follow-up data were obtained for 141 patients whose breast cancer was staged by PET and who were documented to have IQ (n = 42) or OQ (n = 99) primaries. Results were stratified according to PET findings consistent with different metastatic patterns. Data were further analyzed with respect to disease outcome after a mean 3-y follow-up period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among IQ patients, progressive disease was identified in 26.1%, compared with 13.1% of OQ patients, for a relative risk (RR) of 2.0. Of patients with PET findings of isolated extraaxillary metastases, 36.1% had progressive disease, compared with 10.7% of other patients (RR = 3.4), and 61.9% of IQ patients had isolated extraaxillary metastases identified on PET, compared with 10.1% of OQ patients (RR = 6.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IQ patients demonstrated a 6-fold greater frequency of PET findings of isolated extraaxillary metastasis, and such findings were associated with triple the risk for disease progression. Patients with IQ tumors could be vulnerable to understaging with conventional staging approaches and may particularly benefit from PET during the staging process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: Betty S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Pio
authors.forename: Bahareh
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Khatibi
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czernin
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Phelps
authors.forename: Daniel H S
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Silverman
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18