title: Effects of Tempol, a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, in a rodent model periodontitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent studies have demonstrated that Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), a cell membrane-permeable radical scavenger, exerts protective effects in various models of inflammation and shock. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a pivotal role in the induction of genes involved in physiological processes as well as in the response to inflammation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We have investigated the effect of Tempol in a rat model of periodontitis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Periodontitis was induced in rats by placing a 2/0 braided silk ligature around the lower left first molar. At day 8, the gingivomucosal tissue encircling the mandibular first molar was removed for evaluation of neutrophils infiltration, tissue permeability, nitrotyrosine formation, poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activation, radiography and histology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Legation significantly induced an increased neutrophil infiltration and a positive staining for nitrotyrosine formation and PARP activation. Ligation significantly increased Evans blue extravasation in gingivomucosal tissue and alveolar bone erosion as evaluated by radiography analysis. Intraperitonial injection of Tempol (10 mg/kg daily for 8 days) significantly decreased all of the parameters of inflammation as described above. This suggests that antioxidant therapies, which interfere with ROS, may be of benefit in the treatment of periodontitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Pharmacology, Torre Biologica, Policlinico Universitario, Messina, Italy.
authors.forename: Rosanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Di Paola
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mazzon
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zito
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maiere
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Britti
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Genovese
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cuzzocrea
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000818:Animals; D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008336:Mandibular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D023421:Models, Animal; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013113:Spin Labels; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D003497:Cyclic N-Oxides; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013113:Spin Labels; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; C001803:tempol