title: Analysis of the chloroacetanilide herbicides in water using SPME with CAR/PDMS and GC/ECD.
abstract: The solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technique using a 75 mm film of carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane was applied to the analysis of chloroacetanilide herbicides (acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, metolachlor, and propachlor) residues. The feasibility of SPME with gas chromatography electron capture detection analysis has been evaluated. The effects of experimental parameters such as magnetic stirring, salt addition, humic acid addition, pH value, and extraction time, as well as desorption temperature and time, were investigated. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and limit of detection were also evaluated. The inhibition of humic acid to the extraction of chloroacetanilide herbicides was observed. A standard addition method for calibration was recommended to reduce deviations caused by matrix interferences. The proposed method provided a simple and rapid analytical procedure for chloroacetanilide herbicides in water with limits of detection 0.002-0.065 microg/L for deionized water, and 0.005-0.22 microg/L for farm water. The relative standard deviations (n = 5) for analyses of farm water were 7-20% for 5 [corrected] microg/L chloroacetanilide herbicides. This application was illustrated by the analysis of sample collected from farm water in the Chung-hwa area, Taiwan.
authors.affiliation: National Chung Hsing University, Department of Chemistry, 250 Kuokuang Rd, Taichung 402, Taiwan, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Ying-Ming
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Yih-Gang
authors.initials: YG
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Wu-Hsiung
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Ho
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis*; D002623:Chemistry Techniques, Analytical / Q000379:methods; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods*; D004583:Electrons; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006540:Herbicides / Q000032:analysis*; D006812:Humic Substances / Q000032:analysis; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008280:Magnetics; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000032:analysis; D012997:Solvents; D013624:Taiwan; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000032:analysis; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D006540:Herbicides; D006812:Humic Substances; D012997:Solvents; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride; C078188:2-chloro-N-(ethoxymethyl)-N-(2-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)acetamide