title: Water-generated negative air ions activate NK cell and inhibit carcinogenesis in mice.
abstract: Negative ions are considered to have potential health benefits, but few studies have examined their effects in vivo. We studied water-generated negative ions (WNI) with respect to physical properties as well as immunologic activation and anti-tumor activity (inhibition of carcinogenesis and tumor growth) in mice. Electrically, generated negative ions (ENI) served as control. Water-generated negative ions had a long life, significantly enhanced the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, and significantly decreased the incidence of cancer and inhibited tumor growth. Anti-tumor effects were attributed to enhancement of natural killer cell activity. The mechanisms and applications of negative ions warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Minami-ku, Yokohama-city, Kanagawa 232-0024, Japan. r-yamada@urahp.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Roppei
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Syunsuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yanoma
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsuburaya
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimasa
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemiya
authors.forename: Hisahiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Motohashi
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rino
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imada
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000838:Anions; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology*; D051379:Mice; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D000838:Anions; D014867:Water