title: 4-Aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin adducts and risk of smoking-related disease in never smokers and former smokers in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition prospective study.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether biomarkers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure [i.e., 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin (4-ABP-Hb) adducts] were predictive of the risk of tobacco-related cancers and diseases. We did a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, involving 190 controls and 149 cases (incident cancer of the lung, bladder, pharynx, larynx, oral cavity, leukemias, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or emphysema deaths). All individuals were never smokers or ex smokers for >10 years. 4-ABP-Hb adducts were analyzed in peripheral blood collected before the onset of the disease (median, 7 years). Overall, 4-ABP-Hb adducts were higher, although not statistically significantly so, in cases (as a whole) than controls. In the control population, high fruit and vegetable consumption significantly lowered the frequency of detectable adducts (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.025). Restricting the analysis to women, 4-ABP-Hb adducts were higher in cases than controls (Mann-Whitney P = 0.036) and the odds ratio (OR) for the presence/absence of adducts was 2.42 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.18-4.98]. Moreover, the association of adducts with the individual cancer types was stronger in women than in the whole study population, although statistically significant only for leukemias (OR, 2.77; 95% CI, 1.06-7.20). The results provide some evidence that women may be more susceptible to environmental tobacco smoke, as suggested by their higher adduct levels. The most important finding of this prospective study is that, at least in women, 4-ABP-Hb adducts may help identify subjects at high risk of cancers related to environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. airoldi@marionegri.it
authors.forename: Luisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Airoldi
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colombi
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Olgiati
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dell'Osta
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fanelli
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Manzi
authors.forename: Fabrizio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Veglia
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Autrup
authors.forename: Alison
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dunning
authors.forename: Seymour
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Garte
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hainaut
authors.forename: Gerard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hoek
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krzyzanowski
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Malaveille
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Matullo
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjonneland
authors.forename: Francoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peluso
authors.forename: Vittorio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Krogh
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Salvatore
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Panico
authors.forename: Hendrik B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-De-Mesquita
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agudo
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinez
authors.forename: Miren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dorronsoro
authors.forename: Aurelio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barricarte
authors.forename: M Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Chirlaque
authors.forename: Josè R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quiros
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Järvholm
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Nicholas E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saracci
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; C062091:hemoglobin, 4-aminobiphenyl-