title: The current state of corneal reshaping.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The application of contact lenses to alter the shape of the cornea and temporarily reduce or eliminate myopia is known as orthokeratology, corneal refractive therapy, or corneal reshaping. It was first introduced in the 1960s, but high oxygen permeable materials and more sophisticated designs allow patients to wear contact lenses only during sleep, while dramatically improving the predictability and rate of myopia reduction. Many studies have shown that most corneal reshaping patients achieve uncorrected visual acuity of 20/25 or better that lasts all day long in one to two weeks of nighttime wear. Treatment is primarily effective through central epithelial thinning and midperipheral epithelial and stromal thickening. Much remains to be learned about corneal reshaping contact lenses and their effects on the cornea.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors reviewed existing knowledge and determined what needs to be learned in order to provide patients with appropriate informed consent prior to corneal reshaping contact lens wear.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While corneal reshaping contact lenses are effective at temporarily reducing or eliminating myopia, claims about the progress of myopia being controlled with corneal reshaping contact lenses should not be made until further studies are published in peer-reviewed literature. The incidence and prevalence of microbial keratitis related to corneal reshaping contact lens wear is not known. Any overnight wear of contact lenses increases the risk of infection, but it is not known whether the risks of microbial keratitis are greater for corneal reshaping overnight contact lens wearers than other form of overnight contact lens wear. It is also not known whether the risk of microbial keratitis is greater for children than adults, but we must determine if children are at greater risk than adults because many children are wearing corneal reshaping contact lenses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Finally, it is recommended that ongoing education be provided to practitioners and staff regarding safety, informed consent, and prevention of potential problems, with special emphasis on the critical need to properly and thoroughly disinfect lenses that will be worn overnight.
authors.affiliation: The Ohio State University College of Optometry, The Vision Cooperative Research Centre, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Walline
authors.forename: Brien A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Holden
authors.forename: Mark A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Bullimore
authors.forename: Marjorie J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Rah
authors.forename: Penny A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Asbell
authors.forename: Joseph T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Patrick J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Caroline
authors.forename: H Dwight
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Cavanagh
authors.forename: Nick
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Despotidis
authors.forename: Fonn
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Desmond
authors.forename: Bruce H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Koffler
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Reeder
authors.forename: Helen A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Swarbrick
authors.forename: Lisa G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Wohl
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003261:Contact Lenses / Q000639:trends*; D003315:Cornea / Q000503:physiopathology; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing / Q000639:trends; D004869:Equipment Safety; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000639:trends; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007258:Informed Consent; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D009907:Optometry / Q000193:education / Q000639:trends; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic