title: Prevalence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease in men with vasculogenic erectile dysfunction: a prospective angiographic study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Erectile dysfunction (ED) shares common risk factors with coronary artery disease (CAD). It has been suggested that ED may be considered a clinical manifestation of a generalized vascular disease affecting also the penile arteries. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate angiographically the incidence of asymptomatic CAD in men with ED of vascular origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty consecutive asymptomatic men, aged 41-74 years, with non-psychogenic and non-hormonal ED were comprehensively evaluated using medical history and examination, exercise treadmill test and stress echocardiography. Patients who had positive one or both of the two non-invasive procedures were referred for coronary arteriography in order to document CAD and evaluate the severity of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean time interval between the onset of ED and cardiological assessment was 25 months (range 1-66). Smoking (32 patients/64%), hypertension (31 patients/62%) and hyperlipidemia (26 patients/52%) were the most common risk factors. Moreover, 35 men (70%) had two or more risk factors. Twelve patients (24%) with ED had positive one or both of the two non-invasive procedures and one patient presented with acute myocardial infarction before he completed the non-invasive investigation. Coronary arteriography performed in ten patients (in nine with positive one or both of the two non-invasive procedures [while the other three refused], and in the patient with acute myocardial infarction) demonstrated that one patient had three-vessel disease, two patients had two-vessel disease and six patients had single-vessel disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A considerable proportion (9/47 or 19%) of patients with ED of vascular origin has angiographically documented silent CAD. These findings support the strategy that patients with ED should undergo further cardiovascular evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Diseases and Sexual Health Unit, 1st Department of Cardiology, Athens Medical School, Hippokration Hospital, Greece. cvlachop@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vlachopoulos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rokkas
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ioakeimidis
authors.forename: Constadina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Aggeli
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Michaelides
authors.forename: Georgios
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roussakis
authors.forename: Charalambos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fassoulakis
authors.forename: Athanasios
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Askitis
authors.forename: Christodoulos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefanadis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D015897:Comorbidity; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005080:Exercise Test; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D018783:Impotence, Vasculogenic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index