title: In vivo phosphorescence imaging of pO2 using planar oxygen sensors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxygen-dependent quenching of luminescence of metal porphyrin complexes has been used to image the pO(2) distribution over tumor and normal tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  An experimental setup is described using a platinum(II)-octaethyl-porphyrin immobilized in a polystyrene matrix as transparent planar sensor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sensitivity over a broad range is high at low pO(2) values (+/- 0.2 mm Hg at 0 mm Hg; +/- 1.5 mm Hg at 160 mm Hg pO(2)). Due to intrinsically referencing via lifetime encoding there was no modification of the sensor response in vivo in the dorsal skinfold chamber model with amelanotic melanoma (A-MEL-3) in awake hamsters when compared to the in vitro calibration. pO(2) measurements over normal tissue (25.8 +/- 5.1 mm Hg) and tumor tissue (9.2 +/- 5.1 mm Hg) were in excellent agreement with previous results obtained in this model using a surface multiwire electrode.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using the presented method the surface pO(2) distribution can be mapped with a high temporal resolution of approximately 100 ms and a spatial resolution of at least 25 mu m. Moreover, the transparent sensor allows the simultaneous visualization of the underlying microvasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, University of Regensburg, Germany. philipp.babilas@klinik.uni-regensburg.de
authors.forename: Philipp
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Babilas
authors.forename: Gregor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liebsch
authors.forename: Vivien
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schacht
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Klimant
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Wolfbeis
authors.forename: Rolf-Markus
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Szeimies
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Abels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006224:Cricetinae; D008163:Luminescent Measurements / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*; D008647:Mesocricetus; D008665:Metalloporphyrins / Q000032:analysis*; D010092:Oximetry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D011137:Polystyrenes
chemical_list: D008665:Metalloporphyrins; D011137:Polystyrenes