title: Reciprocal role of cyclins and cyclin kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 on lymphocyte proliferation, allo-immune activation and inflammation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immune activation that results due to the aberrant proliferation of lymphocytes leads to inflammation and graft rejection in organ transplant recipients. We hypothesize that the cell cycle control and inflammation are parallel events, inhibition of cellular proliferation by cyclin kinase inhibitor specifically p21 will limit inflammation and prevent allograft rejection.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed in vitro and in vivo studies using lymphocytes, and rat heart transplant model to understand the role of cyclins and p21 on mitogen and allo-induced lymphocyte activation and inflammation. Lymphocyte proliferation was studied by 3H-thymidine uptake assay and mRNA expression was studied RT-PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Activation of allo- and mitogen stimulated lymphocytes resulted in increased expression of cyclins, IL-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which was inhibited by cyclosporine. The over-expression of p21 prolonged graft survival in a completely mismatched rat heart transplant model resulted by inhibiting circulating and intra-graft expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclins play a significant role in transplant-induced immune activation and p21 over-expression has potential to inhibit T cell activation and inflammation. The results from this study will permit the design of alternate strategies by controlling cell cycle progression to achieve immunosuppression in transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine (Nephrology), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. akkhanna@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Ashwani K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Khanna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D016213:Cyclins / Q000502:physiology*; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D016027:Heart Transplantation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D007249:Inflammation / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019169:Jurkat Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011920:Rats, Inbred WF; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D016042:Transplantation, Heterotopic / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D016213:Cyclins; D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D007376:Interleukin-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D016572:Cyclosporine