title: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system presenting with subacute and fatal course of disease: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Primary angiitis of the central nervous system is an idiopathic disorder characterized by vasculitis within the dural confines. The clinical presentation shows a wide variation and the course and the duration of disease are heterogeneous. This rare but treatable disease provides a diagnostic challenge owing to the lack of pathognomonic tests and the necessity of a histological confirmation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 28-year-old patient presenting with headache and fluctuating signs of encephalopathy was treated on the assumption of viral meningoencephalitis. The course of the disease led to his death 10 days after hospital admission. Postmortem examination revealed primary angiitis of the central nervous system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary angiitis of the central nervous system should always be taken into consideration when suspected infectious inflammation of the central nervous system does not respond to treatment adequately. In order to confirm the diagnosis with the consequence of a modified therapy angiography and combined leptomeningeal and brain biopsy should be considered immediately.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Gudrunstr. 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany. Carsten.Lukas@rub.de
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lukas
authors.forename: Kathy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keyvani
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Börnke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000473:pathology*