title: Correlations between mean echogenicity and material properties of normal and diseased equine superficial digital flexor tendons: an in vitro segmental approach.
abstract: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that tendon echogenicity is associated with the material properties of the corresponding tendon site, especially in case of lesions, due to local changes in tendon matrix composition. Four normal and nine spontaneously injured equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT) were isolated then ultrasonographically examined under tension, in a special device placed in a water bath. Ultrasonographic transversal images (7.5MHz linear transducer) of five segments along each tendon were digitized, and analyzed in order to measure the mean cross-sectional area (MCSA) and mean echogenicity (ME) of each segment. The tendons were then tested in traction until rupture in a testing machine. For each segment, stress and strain were determined throughout the test, and the elastic modulus (EM) was evaluated. The tendon lesions were also documented by histology. No correlation was found between ME and the material properties of normal tendon segments. At the rupture sites of the nine diseased tendons, ME was positively correlated with maximal stress and EM, whereas no correlation was demonstrated with maximal strain. Besides, a positive correlation was demonstrated between ME and both MCSA and EM, when the three metacarpal segments of the diseased tendons were considered. Although ME gives only rough information about tendon matrix structure, it does show, under these in vitro conditions, significant correlations with material properties of pathological tendon segments, which may improve the functional significance and therefore the prognostic value of the ultrasonographic examination of tendon lesions.
authors.affiliation: UMR INRA-ENVA Biomécanique et Pathologie Locomotrice du Cheval, Ecole vétérinaire d'Alfort, 7 Av. du Général de Gaulle, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Crevier-Denoix
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ruel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dardillat
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jerbi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sanaa
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Collobert-Laugier
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ribot
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Denoix
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pourcelot
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006736:Horses; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D013708:Tendon Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013710:Tendons / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013718:Tensile Strength; D014463:Ultrasonography