title: Effects of the nasal muscles on the nasal airway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The nasal muscles and their function are not clearly defined. The nasal muscles generally are thought to act synergistically to produce mimetic motion and affect the nasal airway. We proposed direct examination of the effects of the nasal muscles on the nasal airway.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rhinomanometry was performed on volunteers. After paralysis of the nasal muscles with lidocaine, rhinomanometry was performed again to measure nasal airway function with the patient at rest and attempting to flare his/her nostrils. Each patient's rhinomanometric results (at rest and attempting to flare the nostrils) taken before injection of lidocaine served as the control for comparison of his/her results postinjection. The structural tension of the ala at rest and with active flaring of the nostril was measured also, and the results pre- and postparalysis with lidocaine were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data from both the stiffness (structural tension) and the airflow portions, taken together, support the following conclusions. First, the paralysis was significant, although not complete. Clinical and stiffness data supported complete paralysis. Airflow data, which we think most sensitive, support a statistically significant affect of the injection, although incomplete paralysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  All of the evidence supports an important role for the nasal muscles when actively used to increase nasal airflow. Second, the majority of the evidence supports an important resting nasal muscle tension that opens the nasal airway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of South Florida, Tampa 33612, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kienstra
authors.forename: Holger G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Gassner
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Sherris
authors.forename: Eugene B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kern
mesh_terms: D000392:Air Movements; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology*; D009296:Nasal Cavity / Q000502:physiology; D009666:Nose / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D025363:Rhinomanometry
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine