title: Selective identification of secreted and transmembrane breast cancer markers using Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap.
abstract: Secreted and cell surface proteins play important roles in cancer and are potential drug targets and tumor markers. Here, we describe a large-scale analysis of the genes encoding secreted and cell surface proteins in breast cancer. To identify these genes, we developed a novel signal sequence trap method called Escherichia coli ampicillin secretion trap (CAST). For CAST, we constructed a plasmid in which the signal sequence of beta-lactamase was deleted such that it does not confer ampicillin resistance. Eukaryotic cDNA libraries cloned into pCAST produced tens of thousands of ampicillin-resistant clones, 80% of which contained cDNA fragments encoding secreted and membrane spanning proteins. We identified 2,708 unique sequences from cDNA libraries made from surgical breast cancer specimens. We analyzed the expression of 1,287 of the 2,708 genes and found that 166 were overexpressed in breast cancers relative to normal breast tissues. Eighty-five percent of these genes had not been previously identified as markers of breast cancer. Twenty-three of the 166 genes (14%) were relatively tissue restricted, suggesting use as cancer-specific targets. We also identified several new markers of ovarian cancer. Our results indicate that CAST is a robust, rapid, and low cost method to identify cell surface and secreted proteins and is applicable to a variety of relevant biological questions.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390-9039, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Muenster
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zang
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: Jeoffrey J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Schageman
authors.forename: Yun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lian
authors.forename: Harold R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: Richard B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Gaynor
authors.forename: J Warren
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pertsemlidis
authors.forename: Raheela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ashfaq
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schorge
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Becerra
authors.forename: Noelle S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Graff
mesh_terms: D000668:Ampicillin Resistance / Q000235:genetics; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D001618:beta-Lactamases