title: Ischemia and reperfusion in skin flaps: effects of mannitol and vitamin C in reducing necrosis area in a rat experimental model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was to develop an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat skin flap and to verify the effect of mannitol and vitamin C on reducing necrosis area.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 6- x 3-cm groin skin flap was raised and submitted to 8 hours of ischemia by clamping the vascular pedicle and to 7 days of reperfusion. The animals were divided in four groups: S1 and S2 (10 animals each) and C and T (14 animals each). In groups S1 and S2 skin flaps were not submitted to ischemia and animals received lactated Ringer's solution (S1) and antioxidant solution (S2). In groups C and T, flaps were subjected to 8 hours of warm ischemia and animals received Lactated Ringer's solution (Group C) and antioxidant solution immediately before reperfusion, (Group T). Flap survival was evaluated on the seventh day using a paper template technique and computer-assistant imaging analysis of necrotic and normal areas.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis showed no area differences between groups C and T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The experimental model provided consistent necrotic area in control groups and drugs used were not effective in improving skin flap survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Medical School, UNESP, Botucato, São Paulo, Brazil. winston@fmb.unesp.br
authors.forename: Winston Bonetti
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Eloísa Bueno Pires de
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Campos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009336:Necrosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D008353:Mannitol; D000077331:Ringer's Solution; D001205:Ascorbic Acid