title: Serum S-100 beta protein during coronary artery bypass graft surgery with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Brain damage is a serious complication of cardiac anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to detect brain damage at different surgical stages during coronary artery bypass graft with or without cardiopulmonary bypass.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study to evaluate serum S-100 beta protein, an early marker of brain injury, in patients electively undergoing off-pump (n = 30) or traditional coronary artery bypass graft (n = 60). Blood was sampled immediately before anesthesia, before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, and on the day after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum S-100 beta protein was lowest immediately before induction of anesthesia and significantly increased before and after cardiopulmonary bypass, then declined by the first postoperative day in both groups. Peak values were highest in the traditional group directly after coronary artery bypass graft. On the day after surgery, S-100 beta protein levels were similar between groups, but were higher than baseline within each group. Significant increase in serum S-100 beta protein was also observed even before cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiopulmonary bypass patients, or before manipulation of the heart and aorta in off-pump patients. These reflect the possibility that brain damage may occur before major manipulation (cardiopulmonary bypass or manipulating heart and aorta). Moreover, S-100 beta levels did not return to normal on the day after the operation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This prospective study has shown that serum S-100 beta protein was not only higher than baseline both after cardiopulmonary bypass and on the day after surgery in both groups of patients but it was also significantly increased before cardiopulmonary bypass or manipulation of the heart or aorta. These findings may have implications for anesthesiologic care during the total course of cardiac surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kuan-Jen
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hsiang-Hua
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Shih-Yuan
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: Yu-Ren
authors.initials: YR
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: A Chia-Chih
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Tseng
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D020925:Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007902:Length of Stay; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins