title: Delay in time to receipt of thrombolytic medication among Medicare patients with kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patients with kidney disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) receive standard therapy, including thrombolytic medication, less frequently than patients with normal kidney function. Our goal is to identify potential differences in thrombolytic medication delays and thrombolytic-associated bleeding events by severity of kidney disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective cohort analysis of Cooperative Cardiovascular Project data for all Medicare patients with AMI from 4,601 hospitals. Outcome measures included time to administration of thrombolytic medication censored at 6 hours and bleeding events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 109,169 patients (mean age, 77.4 years; 50.6% women), 13.9% received thrombolysis therapy. Average time to thrombolytic therapy was longer in patients with worse kidney function. Adjusted hazard ratios for minutes to thrombolytic therapy were 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 to 0.87) for patients with a serum creatinine level of 1.6 to 2.0 mg/dL (141 to 177 micromol/L) and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.53 to 0.63) for patients with a creatinine level greater than 2.0 mg/dL (>177 micromol/L) or on dialysis therapy compared with those with normal kidney function. Odds ratios for bleeding events in patients administered thrombolytics versus those who were not decreased with worse kidney function: adjusted odds ratios, 2.28 (95% CI, 2.16 to 2.42) in patients with normal kidney function and 1.84 (95% CI, 1.09 to 3.10) in dialysis patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients with worse kidney function experienced treatment delays, but were not at greater risk for thrombolysis-associated excess bleeding events. Physician concerns of thrombolytic-associated bleeding may not be sufficient reason to delay the administration of thrombolytic medication.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA. bnewsome@uab.edu
authors.forename: Britt B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Warnock
authors.forename: Catarina I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Kiefe
authors.forename: Norman W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Houston
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Centor
authors.forename: Sharina D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Person
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: McClellan
authors.forename: Jeroan J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Allison
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D015897:Comorbidity; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016208:Databases, Factual; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D015993:Life Tables; D008297:Male; D006278:Medicare / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000453:epidemiology; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012494:Sampling Studies; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D003404:Creatinine