title: Breast cancer metastasis to the central nervous system.
abstract: Clinically symptomatic metastases to the central nervous system (CNS) occur in approximately 10 to 15% of patients with metastatic beast cancer. CNS metastases are traditionally viewed as a late complication of systemic disease, for which few effective treatment options exist. Recently, patients with Her-2-positive breast tumors who were treated with trastuzumab have been reported to develop CNS metastases at higher rates, often while responding favorably to treatment. The blood:brain barrier and the unique brain microenvironment are hypothesized to promote distinct molecular features in CNS metastases that may require tailored therapeutic approaches. New research approaches using cell lines that reliably and preferentially metastasize in vivo to the brain have been reported. Using such model systems, as well as in vitro analogs of blood-brain barrier penetration and tissue-based studies, new molecular leads into this disease are unfolding.
authors.affiliation: Brain Tumor Institute, ND4-40 Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA. weilr@ccf.org
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Weil
authors.forename: Diane C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Palmieri
authors.forename: Julie L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Bronder
authors.forename: Andreas M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Patricia S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Steeg
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016543:Central Nervous System Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology* / Q000556:secondary*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D000068878:Trastuzumab
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D000068878:Trastuzumab