title: Relationship between gelatinases and bone turnover in the healing bone defect.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this pilot study was to determine the relationship between gelatinase (MMP-9 and MMP-2) markers of soft tissue inflammation/turnover at the bone/soft tissue interface and bone turnover (osteocalcin [OC], pyridinoline cross-linked carboxyl-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen [ICTP], and bone fill) during healing of an alveolar bone defect.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten subjects undergoing oral surgery had a 5 x 5-mm trephine defect created on an edentulous ridge and were sampled at the bone/soft tissue interface at baseline (prior to flap reflection), 2 weeks and 12 weeks postsurgery, using a novel bone wash device. Recovered irrigants were analyzed for MMP-9 and MMP-2 by gelatin zymography, OC and ICTP with radioimmunoassays, and albumin (ALB; to normalize markers for blood content) with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone fill at 12 weeks was analyzed by radiographic absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All markers of enzymatic activity and bone turnover varied significantly across time (P < or = .03), with bone turnover markers OC and ICTP decreasing between baseline and 2 weeks, and MMP-9 and MMP-2 increased. Measures generally returned to near baseline levels after 12 weeks. MMP-9 versus MMP-2 (r = 0.97, P < .0001) and OC versus ICTP (r = 0.38, P = .048) were correlated with each other, while MMP-9 and MMP-2 were negatively correlated with ICTP (r = -0.48, P = .011 and r = -0.62, P = .006, respectively). MMP-9 was negatively correlated with subsequent bone fill (r = -0.63, P = .07).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bone wash sampling showed that gelatinase activity at 2 weeks following creation of an alveolar defect appeared to decrease bone turnover and eventual bone fill, suggesting benefits for anti-MMP therapy during wound healing.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Surgical Specialties and Oral Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Dentistry, 40th and Holdrege Streets, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA. rareinha@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Reinhardt
authors.forename: Hsi-ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Marian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Jeffrey B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: Lorne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Golub
mesh_terms: D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015519:Bone Density; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D003094:Collagen / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D018093:Gelatinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation / Q000295:instrumentation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D024042:Collagen Type I; D010455:Peptides; C052929:collagen type I trimeric cross-linked peptide; D015675:Osteocalcin; D003094:Collagen; D018093:Gelatinases