title: Demographic and clinical factors associated with in-hospital death among patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine demographic and clinical predictors of in-hospital death of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and determine to what extent apparent racial differences may be attributed to socioeconomic factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained on all hospitalizations in South Carolina for patients who were ever hospitalized between 1996 and 2000 with a diagnosis of SSc. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine predictors of in-hospital death among whites, blacks, and other patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Proportions of in-hospital deaths among blacks (23.0%) and others (27.7%) were higher than among whites (15.6%), a finding that remained after adjustment for other sociodemographic and clinical factors (black/white odds ratio: 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.86; other/white OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.04-4.09). Other factors associated with in-hospital death included transfer status, emergency admission, length of stay, number of hospitalizations during the time period, and presence of congestive heart failure (OR 1.79; 95% CI 1.06-3.03) or hypertension (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.23-0.71).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Black and other non-white patients with SSc appear to experience an elevated risk of death during their hospital stays. Further research is necessary to understand the reasons for these disparities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Epidemiology, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA. nieterpj@musc.edu
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nietert
authors.forename: Richard M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: Holly C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: Stephanie R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Shaftman
authors.forename: Barbara C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Tilley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006297:Health Services Accessibility / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000401:mortality* / Q000473:pathology; D013022:South Carolina / Q000453:epidemiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D001741:Black or African American