title: Activation of Rac-1 and Cdc42 stabilizes the microvascular endothelial barrier.
abstract: We have demonstrated previously that the Rho family GTPase Rac-1 is required for maintenance of endothelial barrier functions in mouse microvascular myocardial endothelial (MyEnd) cells in vitro as well as in rat mesenteric microvessels in vivo. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that specific activation of Rac-1 would stabilize microvascular endothelial barrier functions. For this purpose we used Escherichia coli Cytotoxic necrotizing factor (CNF-1) under conditions (300 ng/ml, 120 min) where it strongly activated Rac-1 and Cdc42 but not Rho A in MyEnd cells. Under these conditions, CNF-1 induced translocation of the actin-binding proteins cortactin and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) to cell junctions, increased the junction-associated actin filament belt, and reduced monolayer permeability. We also tested the effect of CNF-1 on endothelial barrier properties in vivo using single-perfused mesenteric microvessels. In contrast to cultured microvascular monolayers, CNF-1 did not reduce baseline barrier functions assayed as hydraulic conductivity (Lp). However, following 120 min pretreatment, CNF-1 significantly attenuated the peak Lp increase in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF, 10 nM) to 12.6+/-4 x 10(-7) cm/(s cmH(2)O) compared to 46.2+/-10 x 10(-7) cm/(s cmH(2)O) in experiments using PAF alone. These experiments indicate that activation of Rac-1 and Cdc42 stabilizes microvascular endothelial barrier functions in vitro and in vivo, likely by increasing the junction-associated actin cytoskeleton.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Julius-Maximilians-University, Koellikerstr. 6, 97070, Wurzburg, Germany. jens.waschke@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Waschke
authors.forename: Sabrina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Burger
authors.forename: Fitz-Roy E
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Curry
authors.forename: Detlev
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Drenckhahn
authors.forename: Roger H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Adamson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D015820:Cadherins / Q000378:metabolism; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D051356:Cortactin / Q000378:metabolism; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008643:Mesentery / Q000098:blood supply; D051379:Mice; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000166:cytology; D008840:Microfilament Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000166:cytology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D052898:Optical Tweezers; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein; D000099152:Cadherin 5
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015820:Cadherins; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D051356:Cortactin; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009479:Neuropeptides; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D010972:Platelet Activating Factor; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D020830:rac1 GTP-Binding Protein; D020742:rhoA GTP-Binding Protein; D000098662:Vasodilator-Stimulated Phosphoprotein; D000099152:Cadherin 5; C484602:Rac1 protein, mouse; C060296:cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 1; C499134:Rac1 protein, rat