title: A detailed behavioral analysis of the acute motor effects of caffeine in the rat: involvement of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is no consensus on the contribution of adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptor blockade to motor-activating effects of caffeine.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Our aim was to use a detailed and continuous observational method to compare the motor effects induced by caffeine with those induced by selective A(1) and A(2A) receptor antagonists.
  
  
  METHODS
  The behavioral repertoire induced by systemic administration of caffeine (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), A(1) receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (CPT; 1.2, 4.8 and 7.2 mg/kg), and A(2A) receptor antagonist 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-8-(m-methoxystyryl)-7-methyl-1-propargylxanthine phosphate disodium salt (MSX-3; 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg) was analyzed. The effects of pretreatment with the selective A(1) receptor agonist N (6)-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA; 0.1 mg/g) and the selective A(2A) receptor agonist 2-p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino-5'-N-ethylcarboxyamidoadenosine (CGS 21680; 0.2 mg/kg) on the pattern of motor activation induced by caffeine, CPT, or MSX-3 were also examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pattern of behavioral activation induced by caffeine was better mimicked by CPT than by MSX-3. Coadministration of CPT and MSX-3 gave different results depending on the dose and the type of behavioral response. CPA was more effective at decreasing the activating effects of caffeine and CPT than those of CGS 21680. On the other hand, CGS 21680 was more effective at decreasing the activating effects of MSX-3 than those of caffeine or CPT. Factor analysis revealed a complex three-dimensional behavioral profile for caffeine that was similar to the profile for CPT and was different from the profile for MSX-3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate a predominant role for A(1) receptors in the motor-activating effects of acutely administered caffeine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Greece.
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Antoniou
authors.forename: Zeta
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Papadopoulou-Daifoti
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyphantis
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papathanasiou
authors.forename: Efstathios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bekris
authors.forename: Marios
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marselos
authors.forename: Leigh
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Panlilio
authors.forename: Christa E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Sergi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ferré
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D058907:Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000502:physiology*; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2 / Q000502:physiology*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D058907:Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists; D058916:Adenosine A1 Receptor Antagonists; D058908:Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists; D058917:Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; C113602:MSX 3 compound; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2; D014970:Xanthines; D002110:Caffeine; C048599:N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine; D000241:Adenosine