title: Cyclooxygenase-2 is over-expressed in Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and correlated with NF-kappaB: an immunohistochemical study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the inducible isoform of the key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins, has been found to be over-expressed in several human cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate immunohistochemical expression of COX-2 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and relationship with clinicopathological parameters and NF-kappaB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Expression of COX-2 and NF-kappaB was investigated in 69 cases of esophageal SCC by immunohistochemistry and the correlation of COX-2 expression with clinicopathological features and NF-kappaB staining was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-one esophageal SCC (31/69, 44.9%) had positive expression of COX-2. COX-2 was expressed significantly higher in well-differentiated tumors (16/23, 69.6%) than that in moderate (13/34, 38.2%) and poor (2/12, 16.7%) differentiation (P = 0.034). COX-2 expression was increasingly progressive with the advance of the clinical stages significantly (P = 0.045). The correlation between COX-2 (47/99, 47.5%) and NF-kappaB/p50 (54/99, 54.5%) immunostaining was statistically significant (P = 0.030).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  COX-2 is over-expressed in esophageal SCC, especially in a well differentiation, correlated with tumor progression, and possibly regulated by NF-kappaB.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The General Hospital of Beijing Military Command, Beijing 100700, People's Republic of China. guangzhiyang@gmail.com
authors.forename: Guang-Zhi
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hua-Ye
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Jin-Song
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D002681:China; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human