title: Effects of human milk and spermine on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Oxidative stress is intimately involved in the pathologic processes of serious diseases in the perinatal period. Human milk (HM) contains various bioactive substances, some of which are known as antioxidants, including polyamines such as spermine (SPM). We examined the antioxidative properties of HM and SPM in an intestinal epithelial cell line.
  
  
  METHODS
  Confluent Intestinal Epithelial Cells-6 (IEC-6) cells were preincubated with 100-fold dilutions of defatted HM, bovine milk, or three artificial milks for 24 hours, followed by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) challenge (0.5 mM, 30 min) for oxidative stress. Cells were preincubated with either HM or increasing concentrations (within the range of HM) of SPM for 24 hours followed by an H2O2 challenge (0.25 mM, 30 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  HM-treated cells showed the highest survival rate (50%) compared with no pretreatment (27%), bovine milk-treated (6%), or artificial formula-treated (13-16%) cells. Significantly higher survival rates were observed in the cells treated with HM (44.0%) and in those treated with 0.5, 1, or 5 microM of SPM (12.6, 13.1, or 22.2%, respectively) in comparison with the nontreated cells (7.0%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results demonstrated that HM and SPM alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative damage in IEC-6 cells, whereas bovine milk and artificial formula did not show any antioxidative capacity. These results suggest that HM acts as an antioxidant in the gastrointestinal tract of infants and that SPM plays an important role in the antioxidative properties of HM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Hongo, Tokyo, Japan. hiromachi.shoji@nifty.ne.jp
authors.forename: Hiromichi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oguchi
authors.forename: Shuichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fujinaga
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: Kazunari
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaneko
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashiro
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000633:toxicity; D041943:Infant Formula; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007422:Intestines / Q000166:cytology*; D008892:Milk / Q000378:metabolism; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D013096:Spermine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D013096:Spermine; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase