title: Analysis of interaction between etoricoxib and tramadol against mechanical hyperalgesia of spinal cord injury in rats.
abstract: Drug combinations have the potential advantage of greater analgesia over monotherapy. The present study was aimed to assess any possible interaction (additive or potentiation) in the antinociceptive effects of etoricoxib; a novel cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, and tramadol; a typical opioid agonist when administered in combination against mechanical hyperalgesia induced by spinal cord injury in rats. The nature of interaction was analyzed using surface of synergistic interaction (SSI) analysis and an isobolographic analysis. Etoricoxib or tramadol when administered alone to rats, exhibited different antihyperalgesic potencies (ED50 etoricoxib: 0.58+/-0.19 mg/kg, po; ED50 tramadol: 9.85+/-0.57 mg/kg, po). However, both the drugs were found to be long acting against this model of hyperalgesia. Further, etoricoxib and tramadol were co-administered in fixed ratios of ED50 fractions. One combination (0.29/4.79 mg/kg, po: etoricoxib/tramadol) exhibited additivity and other three combinations (0.15/2.39, 0.08/1.19, and 0.04/0.59 mg/kg, po: etoricoxib/tramadol) resulted in potentiation when analyzed by SSI. The SSI was calculated from the total antihyperalgesic effect produced by the combination after the subtraction of the antihyperalgesic effect produced by each of the individual drug. In the isobolographic analysis, the experimental ED50 was found to be far below the line of additivity also indicating a significant (P < 0.05) synergistic antihyperalgesic effect when etoricoxib and tramadol was co-administered to rats. The synergistic antihyperalgesic effect of etoricoxib and tramadol combination suggests that these combinations may have clinical utility in mechanical hyperalgesia associated with spinal injury.
authors.affiliation: Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India.
authors.forename: Vijay Pal
authors.initials: VP
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Chandrashekhar S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: Shrinivas K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kulkarni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D000077613:Etoricoxib; D005260:Female; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013450:Sulfones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014147:Tramadol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D011725:Pyridines; D013450:Sulfones; D014147:Tramadol; D000077613:Etoricoxib