title: Ultrastructural changes of the articular cartilage in some arthropathies with special reference to chondrocyte cell death.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine in situ using TEM the balance of apoptosis and necrosis in the articular cartilage of patients with inflammatory (rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative spondyloarthritis) and degenerative (osteoarthritis) joint diseases and to establish possible correlation between the cell death rate and the matrix vesicles formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cartilage samples of the knee joint were obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA, 18 cases), osteoarthritis (OA, 22 cases), Reiter's disease (RD, 9 cases), peripheral form of the ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS, 6 cases) and psoriatic arthritis (PA, 6 cases) during arthroscopy or knee surgery. Normal samples taken from autopsy cases without a history of joint diseases were used as control. Samples were processed for TEM with subsequent semi-quantitative estimation of the cell death rate in the superficial, middle and deep zone of non-calcified articular cartilage, and computer-aided ultramorphometric evaluation of the matrix vesicles of different types.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both apoptotic and necrotic cell death could be identified in the cartilage of patients with inflammatory joint diseases, including seronegative spondyloarthritides and degenerative arthropathies. Apoptosis dominated over necrosis in all examined arthritides, including RA patients in which necrosis of the chondrocyte was the most frequent among arthropathies, while the highest apoptotic cell death rate was discovered in OA in which it correlated with the volume and numeric density of the matrix vesicles. These data provide evidence that apoptosis may contribute to the cartilage breakdown not only in RA and OA but also in the seronegative spondyloarthritides, which had a significantly higher apoptotic rate than the normal cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department ofAnatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. marina@kb.usm.my
authors.forename: M Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Kapitonova
authors.forename: Othman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mansor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016923:Cell Death / Q000502:physiology*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D007717:Knee / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D046529:Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; D008875:Middle Aged