title: Amniotic mesenchymal cells autotransplanted in a porcine model of cardiac ischemia do not differentiate to cardiogenic phenotypes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Transplantation of stem cells in the acute ischemic myocardium (AMI) may play a role in the recovery of cardiac function. Here, we investigated the ability of amniotic fluid-derived mesenchymal cells (AFC) for phenotypic conversion to vascular cells and cardiomyocytes (CM) when autotransplanted in a porcine model of AMI.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single AFC preparations were taken from 12 fetuses 3 days before normal delivery. AFC were expanded in vitro and stored separately until animals of the original litter weighed 22-25 kg. A new model of AMI, i.e. 45-min circumflex coronary occlusion followed by wall dissection, was used to assess AFC differentiation potential. CMFDA-labeled AFC were autogenically transplanted in the ischemic area 1 week after AMI induction. Thirty days later, pigs were sacrificed and the phenotypic profile of transplanted AFC was assessed and compared to the corresponding pre-injection pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AFC showed in vitro to be of mesenchymal type also expressing markers of 'embryonic stem' cells (SSEA4 and Oct-4), as well as endothelial (von Willebrand factor, VE-cadherin) and smooth muscle (SM alpha-actin, SM22) cells. Thirty days after transplantation, in the survived AFC (5+/-1%) 'embryonic stem' cell markers disappeared and mesenchymal cell markers were down regulated with the exception of smooth muscle and endothelial antigens. No evidence for expression of cardiac troponin I was found.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the conditions used in this study, AFC were able to transdifferentiate to cells of vascular cell lineages but not to CM. Thus, porcine AFC may require further ex vivo re-programming to be suitable for therapeutic use in AMI.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35121 Padua, Italy. sartore@mail.bio.unipd.it
authors.forename: Saverio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sartore
authors.forename: Maddalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lenzi
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angelini
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chiavegato
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gasparotto
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: De Coppi
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gerosa
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology*; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016130:Immunophenotyping; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000166:cytology; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers