title: Intravitreal triamcinolone treatment for macular edema associated with central retinal vein occlusion and hemiretinal vein occlusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone treatment for macular edema from central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and hemiretinal vein occlusion (HRVO).
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective medical records review of 24 eyes of 24 patients (mean age, 71 years) that were injected with 4 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of macular edema due to CRVO (n = 21) and HRVO (n = 3). Of the 24 eyes, 14 were injected once, 6 were injected twice, 3 were injected 3 times, and 1 received 4 injections. Mean follow-up time was 10 months (range, 3-24 months). The average time between onset of symptoms and first injection was 5.4 months (range, 2-48 months). Available documents on pre- and postinjection optical coherence tomography central foveal thickness in 23 of 39 total injections were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All injections resulted in reduction in central foveal thickness as determined by optical coherence tomography. The mean central foveal thickness decreased to 55% of preinjection values ([n = 23] 635 vs. 352 mum, respectively; P < 0.001). The average gain in visual acuity was 1.3 Snellen lines (range, -3-7) over the course of the study period. Ten eyes gained > or =2 lines of visual acuity, 3 eyes improved 1 line, 7 eyes remained the same, and 4 eyes worsened. There was no correlation between improvement in foveal thickness and corresponding visual gain (P = 0.24). None of the eyes of diabetic patients (n = 6) or patients with ischemic CRVO (n = 2) improved in visual acuity. The difference in mean baseline (20/167) and mean final visual acuity (20/91) was statistically significant (P = 0.015). The mean best postinjection visual acuity (20/67) was also significantly higher than the mean final visual acuity (P = 0.019). When diabetic and ischemic CRVO patients were excluded, the difference between mean baseline visual acuity and mean final visual acuity was found to be highly significant ([n = 16] 20/133 vs. 20/67, respectively; P < 0.001), while mean final and best postinjection visual acuities (20/50) did not differ (P = 0.085). Eight of 16 phakic eyes showed progression of cataract, 2 of which underwent cataract extraction. Nine of 18 patients without a history of glaucoma developed ocular hypertension and required glaucoma medication during postinjection follow-up. Trabeculectomy was performed on two eyes with glaucoma. Two other eyes developed epiretinal membranes, one of which underwent vitrectomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal triamcinolone may be effective in treating macular edema from CRVO and HRVO. Subjects with concurrent diabetes or ischemic central retinal vein were less likely to have visual improvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, College of Surgeons and Physicians of Columbia University, Harkness Eye Institute, New York, New York 10032, USA. ocekic@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Osman
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Cekiç
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Gaetano R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Barile
authors.forename: Harold
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weissman
authors.forename: Lucian V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Del Priore
authors.forename: William M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Schiff
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: James M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Klancnik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012160:Retina / Q000473:pathology; D012170:Retinal Vein Occlusion / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000502:physiology; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide