title: Pediatric surgeons and pediatric emergency physicians' attitudes towards analgesia and sedation for incarcerated inguinal hernia reduction.
abstract: Inguinal hernias become incarcerated in 10% to -15% of children and reduction of the hernia is an urgent painful procedure. No recommendations exist for analgesia during this procedure. We surveyed pediatric emergency physicians (PEP) and pediatric surgeons (PS) for their analgesia and sedation use during the reduction. The survey was mailed to 19 centers in North America. A total of 56% (185/331) surveys were completed by PEP and 56% (68/122) from PS. A total of 96.7% (245/253) of responders reported giving analgesia or sedation during reduction. PS were more likely to use intravenous drugs, try for a longer time, wait longer between trials, and conduct more trials compared to the PEP. Clinically related variables were more important for PEPs than PS for analgesia and sedation. System-related variables were more important by PS for admission.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This survey shows significant variability between specialties in the drugs, route, and number of attempts during reduction of a painful incarcerated hernia in children. Development of a sedation and analgesia protocol may be useful in order to unify management of pain and discomfort during hernia reduction.
authors.affiliation: The Pediatric Research in Emergency Therapeutics (PRETx) Program, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Population Health Sciences, The Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ran.goldman@sickkids.ca
authors.forename: Ran D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: Sowmya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Balasubramanian
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wales
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Mace
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016292:Procedural Sedation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data* / Q000639:trends; D003663:Decision Trees; D004333:Drug Administration Routes; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations; D017723:Drug Utilization Review; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D019538:Health Care Surveys; D006552:Hernia, Inguinal / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009656:North America; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D059408:Pain Management; D010372:Pediatrics / Q000592:standards / Q000639:trends; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives