title: Thermophilic treatment by anaerobic granular sludge as an effective approach to accelerate the electron transfer and improve the reductive decolorization of azo dyes in bioreactors.
abstract: The effects of temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT), and the redox mediator, anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS), on electron transfer and subsequent reductive decolorization of dyes from textile wastewater was assessed in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic bioreactors. The results clearly show that compared to mesophilic anaerobic treatment, thermophilic treatment at 55 degrees C is an effective approach for increasing the electron transfer capacity in bioreactors, and thus improving the decolorization rates. At an HRT of 2.5 h and in the absence of AQDS, the color removal was 5.3-fold higher at 55 degrees C compared to 30 degrees C. Furthermore, similar decolorizations were found at 55 degrees C between the AQDS-free and AQDS-supplemented reactors, whereas a significant difference (up to 3.6-fold) on dye reduction occurred at 30 degrees C.
authors.affiliation: Sub-department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Andre.dos.Santos@wur.nl
authors.forename: A B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: dos Santos
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Traverse
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Cervantes
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: van Lier
mesh_terms: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001391:Azo Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism; D019149:Bioreactors; D003116:Color; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D012722:Sewage / Q000382:microbiology; D013783:Textile Industry; D014227:Triazines / Q000378:metabolism; D014865:Waste Disposal, Fluid; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000880:Anthraquinones; D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009282:Naphthalenesulfonates; D012722:Sewage; D014227:Triazines; C408124:anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate; C098610:reactive red 2