title: Increased plasma transforming growth factor-beta1 in migraine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Migraine is characterized by the peripheral and central sensitization of pain perceptive neural systems, and neurogenic inflammation is a key step in the development of migraine headache. We focused on transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), which is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine. To address the possibility of TGF-beta1 involvement in migraine, we investigated the plasma level of TGF-beta1 in patients with migraine headache during headache-free periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-eight subjects with migraine participated: 23 with migraine with aura (MWA) and 45 without aura (MWoA). We recruited 58 healthy subjects without headache as controls. In addition, we examined 12 subjects with episodic tension-type headache. Platelet poor plasma (PPP) was obtained from subjects during headache free-periods. TGF-beta1 levels in PPP were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TGF-beta1 level in PPP was 2.62*+/- 0.23 (mean +/- SE) ng/mL in migraine, 2.08 +/- 0.20 ng/mL in tension-type headache, and 1.80 +/- 0.09 ng/mL in controls (P= .007, ANOVA; *P < .01, post hoc tests vs. the controls).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TGF-beta1 in PPP was significantly increased in patients with migraine during headache-free periods. TGF-beta1 may play some role in the development of migraine headache.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
authors.forename: Kumiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishizaki
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeshima
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukuhara
authors.forename: Haruko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakaso
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusumi
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000097:blood*; D020325:Migraine with Aura / Q000097:blood; D020326:Migraine without Aura / Q000097:blood; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000097:blood; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000097:blood*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1