title: Case management for the treatment of patients with major depression in general practices--rationale, design and conduct of a cluster randomized controlled trial--PRoMPT (PRimary care Monitoring for depressive Patient's Trial) [ISRCTN66386086]--study protocol.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Depression is a disorder with high prevalence in primary health care and a significant burden of illness. The delivery of health care for depression, as well as other chronic illnesses, has been criticized for several reasons and new strategies to address the needs of these illnesses have been advocated. Case management is a patient-centered approach which has shown efficacy in the treatment of depression in highly organized Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) settings and which might also be effective in other, less structured settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  PRoMPT (PRimary care Monitoring for depressive Patients Trial) is a cluster randomised controlled trial with General Practice (GP) as the unit of randomisation. The aim of the study is to evaluate a GP applied case-management for patients with major depressive disorder. 70 GPs were randomised either to intervention group or to control group with the control group delivering usual care. Each GP will include 10 patients suffering from major depressive disorder according to the DSM-IV criteria. The intervention group will receive treatment based on standardized guidelines and monthly telephone monitoring from a trained practice nurse. The nurse investigates the patient's status concerning the MDD criteria, his adherence to GPs prescriptions, possible side effects of medication, and treatment goal attainment. The control group receives usual care--including recommended guidelines. Main outcome measure is the cumulative score of the section depressive disorders (PHQ-9) from the German version of the Prime MD Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D). Secondary outcome measures are the Beck-Depression-Inventory, self-reported adherence (adapted from Moriskey) and the SF-36. In addition, data are collected about patients' satisfaction (EUROPEP-tool), medication, health care utilization, comorbidity, suicide attempts and days out of work. The study comprises three assessment times: baseline (T0) , follow-up after 6 months (T1) and follow-up after 12 months (T2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Depression is now recognized as a disorder with a high prevalence in primary care but with insufficient treatment response. Case management seems to be a promising intervention which has the potential to bridge the gap of the usually time-limited and fragmented provision of care. Case management has been proven to be effective in several studies but its application in the private general medical practice setting remains unclear.
authors.affiliation: Institute for General Practice, Chronic Care and Health Services Research, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt a. M., Germany. gensichen@allgemeinmedizin.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gensichen
authors.forename: Marion
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Torge
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peitz
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wendt-Hermainski
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beyer
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rosemann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Krauth
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Raspe
authors.forename: Josef B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Aldenhoff
authors.forename: Ferdinand M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019090:Case Management; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D005194:Family Practice / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome