title: Transfection of SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 inhibits Panc-1 cell proliferation and renders Panc-1 cells responsive to somatostatin analogue.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Somatostatin inhibits cell proliferation through interaction with its cellular receptor, somatostatin receptors (SSTRs). We have previously demonstrated that overexpression of individual SSTR-1 or SSTR-2 genes in receptor-negative pancreatic cancer cells inhibited cell proliferation. We hypothesize that reintroduction of SSTR genes back into pancreatic cancer cells might be an effective gene therapy strategy for pancreatic cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  We transfected human pancreatic cancer cell line (Panc-1) with human SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 genes and examined the expression by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Panc-1 cell proliferation was determined by [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation assay. Activation of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and cytokine secretion after SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 transfection were detected by Bio-Plex 4-plex phosphoprotein assay and cytokine assay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Panc-1 cells did not express SSTR-1 or SSTR-2, although Panc-1 cells transfected with SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 genes showed a significant amount of SSTR expression. Cell growth rate in Panc-1 cells transfected with SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 was inhibited about 41%, and the cell proliferation of Panc-1 expressing SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 was further reduced about 12% on treatment with somatostatin analogue as compared with the control group. SSTR-1 and SSTR-2 cotransfected Panc-1 cells activated phosphorylation of JNK and increased secretion of interferon-gamma and interleukin-5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest, for the first time, a synergistic inhibitory effect of multiple SSTRs in response to a somatostatin analogue in Panc-1 cells. These studies may improve our understanding of the mechanism by which SSTR inhibits cell growth and lead to novel gene therapies for pancreatic cancer.
authors.affiliation: Elkins Pancreas Center, Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Rongxin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hee Joon
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Lauren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Becnel
authors.forename: Qizhi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Changyi
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Fisher
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation; D017931:DNA Primers; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D014162:Transfection; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C101130:somatostatin receptor type 1; D013004:Somatostatin; C093733:somatostatin receptor 2; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048670:MAP Kinase Kinase 4; D020929:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases