title: Mycophenolate mofetil monotherapy in liver transplantation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Calcineurin inhibitors (CI) are associated with significant morbidity in transplant recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) monotherapy in liver transplantation (LT).
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 32 patients (24 males, 8 female, of mean age 55.7 years) who underwent LT between 1994 and 2003. In 29 patients immunosuppressive therapy was cyclosporine; in three patients it was tacrolimus. Eleven patients were submitted for LT due to hepatitis B cirrhosis; eight for hepatitis C cirrhosis, six for alcoholic cirrhosis, and seven for other diseases. In these patients, MMF was added gradually, simultaneously reducing the dosage of CI up to complete withdrawal. We considered the efficacy (decrease in serum creatinine) and the incidence of complications (acute and chronic rejection, leukopenia, diarrhea).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients were converted to MMF after a median of 50 months after LT. MMF monotherapy was started after a median of 9 months in association with CI. Indications for switch to MMF monotherapy were adverse effects of CI (renal disfunction in 30 patients) and de novo tumoral evidence after LT in two patients. Median dosage of MMF was 750 mg twice daily (500-1500 mg). There was a statistically significant decrease in serum creatinine levels (2.02-1.7 mg/dL; P = .0001). Side effects were: leukopenia in five of 32 patients (15.6%), diarrhea in four of 32 patients (12.5%), and one acute rejection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MMF monotherapy improved renal function and was not associated with a significant risk of allograft rejection. Side effects were mild with dose regimens up to 750 mg twice daily.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplantation Centre, Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pierini
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mirabella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Brunati
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricchiuti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Franchello
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salizzoni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000601:surgery; D008104:Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid