title: [Cholesteryl hemisuccinate as liposomal membrane stabilizer and its use in the preparation of saikosaponin-D liposomes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the membrane stabilization effect and mechanism of cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) on dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes; Saikosaponin-D (SSD) liposomes were prepared by using CHEMS as a membrane stabilizer and its encapsulation efficiency and hemolytic activity were evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and calcein release were used to study membrane stabilization effect of CHEMS on DPPC membrane, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to study the interacting mechanism of CHEMS with DPPC, sedimentation experiment was done to study the interaction of CHEMS with SSD and hemolytic study was used to evaluate the hemolytic activity of SSD-liposomes with CHEMS as membrane stabilizer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  DSC analysis showed that CHEMS and cholesterol (CHOL) could all decrease the Tm value slightly and the deltaH value markedly. CHEMS was more effective than CHOL in decreasing the deltaH value of DPPC membrane. It suggested that CHEMS was more effective in increasing DPPC membrane stability. It was also proved by calcein release study carried out both in PBS and 30% plasma. The findings by FT-IR suggested that CHEMS has both hydrogen bond and electrostatic interaction with the polar head of DPPC. CHEMS did not form insoluble complex (INCOM) with SSD by sedimentation experiment. Stable SSD-liposomes were prepared using DPPC and CHEMS and decreased effectively the hemolytic activity of SSD, SSD-liposomes may be given intravenously at a concentration of 15 microg x mL(-1), while free SSD was forbidden to be given intravenously.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CHEMS was more effective than CHOL in increasing DPPC membrane stability, and it could be of great use in the preparation of cholesterol-dependent hemolytic saponins-liposomes. The hemolytic activity of SSD-liposomes was greatly reduced, allowing a possible concentration of 15 microg x mL(-1) to be intravenously administered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.
authors.forename: Wu-Xiao
authors.initials: WX
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Xian-Rong
authors.initials: XR
authors.lastname: Qi
authors.forename: Yu-Wu
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ke-Ming
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000818:Animals; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005452:Fluoresceins / Q000378:metabolism; D006461:Hemolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008081:Liposomes; D009828:Oleanolic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D004337:Drug Carriers; D005452:Fluoresceins; D008081:Liposomes; D012503:Saponins; D015060:1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; D009828:Oleanolic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol; C013440:cholesteryl succinate; C025759:saikosaponin D; C007740:fluorexon