title: Absence of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In addition to Kaposi's sarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or HHV-8) has been associated with two other diseases: primary effusion lymphoma and the plasma cell variant of multicentric Castleman's disease. Recently, evidence of KSHV infection was reported in plexiform lesions of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) as well as in adjacent parenchyma and bronchial epithelial cells.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To further investigate a possible association of KSHV and pulmonary arterial hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-six lungs explanted from German patients suffering from IPAH were tested for the presence of KSHV antigen and genomes by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  When stained with a commercial monoclonal antibody directed against the latency-associated nuclear antigen of KSHV, LANA-1, a positive signal reminiscent of the "speckled" nuclear pattern typical of latently KSHV-infected cells was found in 16 (61.5%) cases. Alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells in areas of unremarkable lung tissue, but not cells within the plexiform lesions, were the predominantly stained cell types. Different KSHV-PCR assays (based on orf26, orfK6, and orf72) performed on samples that had tested positively in IHC, however, could not confirm KSHV infection, indicating that the IHC signal was not due to KSHV infection. One IHC-negative patient tested positive by PCR. A PCR based on consensus degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers (CODEHOP) to detect yet unknown gamma-herpesviruses did not reveal any specific sequences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  KSHV is unlikely to play a role in the pathogenesis of IPAH.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Cornelia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Henke-Gendo
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mengel
authors.forename: Marius M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Hoeper
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Alkharsah
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019288:Herpesvirus 8, Human / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C109540:latency-associated nuclear antigen