title: Carboxylesterase isoform 2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is a predictive marker of the irinotecan to SN38 activation step in colorectal cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Irinotecan (CPT11) is a prodrug activated in humans mainly by carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) generating the SN38 metabolite responsible for the drug efficacy and toxicity. The interpatients variability in CPT11 activation step could cause unpredictable toxicity. To identify a predictive molecular marker for CPT11 activation in cancer patients, we investigated the CES2 mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and correlated it to CPT11 activation rate, toxic effects, and response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-five colorectal cancer patients were treated with a CPT11-including regimen (FOLFIRI). CES2 mRNA expression in PBMC was quantified by reverse transcription-PCR in real time. Plasma concentrations of CPT11, SN38, and SN38-glucuronide were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and the pharmacokinetic variables calculated adopting the noncompartmental model. Toxicity was evaluated by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria scale and response by the WHO criteria.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A high interindividual variability in CES2 mRNA relative expression was observed (median, 1.45; range, 0.01-28.21). CES2 mRNA expression level was significantly associated with CPT11 activation ratio [(AUC(SN38) + AUC(SN38G))/AUC(CPT11)]. Patients with CES2 mRNA expression above the median cutoff value presented an activation ratio higher (median, 0.25; range, 0.15-0.42) than those with CES2 mRNA below the median (median, 0.20; range, 0.10-0.40; P = 0.013). This was associated with a nonsignificant trend of 1.34-fold increase of SN38 AUC in the group of patients with high CES2 mRNA expression (mean, 1.03 +/- 0.62 versus 0.77 +/- 0.32 micromol/L hour). Eight of 23 high CES2 mRNA-expressing patients (34.8%) developed grade 3 to 4 neutropenia or diarrhea compared with 2 of 22 (9.1%) in the low CES2-expressing group (P = 0.071).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support a predictive power of CES2 mRNA expression in PBMC for the activation rate of CPT11.
authors.affiliation: Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cecchin
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Corona
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Masier
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Biason
authors.forename: Giulio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cattarossi
authors.forename: Sergio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Frustaci
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buonadonna
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colussi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toffoli
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002166:Camptothecin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D043182:Carboxylesterase / Q000737:chemistry*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D000077146:Irinotecan; D007700:Kinetics; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000077146:Irinotecan; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D004264:DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D002166:Camptothecin