title: [Factorial structure, validity, and reliability of the Turkish temperament and character inventory].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the factorial structure, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), a 240-item, self-report, paper-and-pencil test, and true-false format inventory based on Cloninger's psychobiological model of personality. It measures the four higher-order temperament dimensions and three character dimensions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using samples consisting of 470 healthy volunteers and 544 psychiatric patients, psychometric features were explored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The internal consistency of the scales was good (Cronbach alpha coefficients between 0.68 and 0.84), but weak for Reward dependence (0.55) and Persistence (0.56). The factor structures of the temperament and character dimensions, explored separately, were in agreement with the hypothesized constructs, except for the scales NS1 (Novelty Seeking 1 = exploratory excitability) and SD4 (Self-directedness 4 -- self-acceptance). The present study also confirmed that the TCI scales were weakly related among themselves. On the whole, psychiatric patients had higher harm avoidance and lower self-directedness, persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence scores than the normal subjects. Gender differences were also found for different dimensions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study suggest that the TCI can be applied in the investigation of psychiatric and normal populations.
authors.affiliation: Dokuz Eylül U. Psikiyatri, Izmir.
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Arkar
authors.forename: Oya
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sorias
authors.forename: Zeliha
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tunca
authors.forename: Cennet
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Safak
authors.forename: Tunç
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Alkin
authors.forename: Berna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Binnur Akdede
authors.forename: Seda
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sahin
authors.forename: Yildiz
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Akvardar
authors.forename: Ozden
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sari
authors.forename: Ayşegül
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozerdem
authors.forename: Can
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cimilli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory / Q000592:standards*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D013694:Temperament