title: Decreased contractile and metabolic reserve in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-null hearts can be rescued by increasing glucose transport and utilization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) in hypertrophied and failing hearts leads to the reappearance of the fetal metabolic pattern, ie, decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased reliance on carbohydrates. Here, we sought to elucidate the functional significance of this shift in substrate preference.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We assessed contractile function and substrate utilization using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-energy phosphate metabolism using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in perfused hearts isolated from genetically modified mice (PPARalpha(-/-)) that mimic the metabolic profile in myocardial hypertrophy. We found that the substrate switch from fatty acid to glucose (3-fold down) and lactate (3-fold up) in PPARalpha(-/-) hearts was sufficient for sustaining normal energy metabolism and contractile function at baseline but depleted the metabolic reserve for supporting high workload. Decreased ATP synthesis (measured by 31P magnetization transfer) during high workload challenge resulted in progressive depletion of high-energy phosphate content and failure to sustain high contractile performance. Interestingly, the metabolic and functional defects in PPARalpha(-/-) hearts could be corrected by overexpressing the insulin-independent glucose transporter GLUT1, which increased the capacity for glucose utilization beyond the intrinsic response to PPARalpha deficiency.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings demonstrate that metabolic remodeling in hearts deficient in PPARalpha increases the susceptibility to functional deterioration during hemodynamic overload. Moreover, our results suggest that normalization of myocardial energetics by further enhancing myocardial glucose utilization is an effective strategy for preventing the progression of cardiac dysfunction in hearts with impaired PPARalpha activity such as hearts with pathological hypertrophy.
authors.affiliation: NMR Laboratory for Physiological Chemistry, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Luptak
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Balschi
authors.forename: Yanqiu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: Teresa C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Rong
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D047493:PPAR alpha