title: Maternal pregnancy loss, birth characteristics, and childhood leukemia (United States).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors evaluated the relation between maternal pregnancy loss, birth characteristics, and childhood leukemia in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Incident cases of childhood leukemia (age 0-14 years) were rapidly ascertained, and controls were randomly selected from birth records and individually matched to cases. A total of 366 cases [313 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 53 acute myeloid leukemia (AML)] and 460 controls were included in this analysis. The biological mothers of all subjects provided detailed reproductive history and birth characteristics of the index children during a personal interview. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression. Data on maternal pregnancy loss and birth characteristics were also available from the birth certificates of 96.3% of all subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  History of miscarriage was associated with a significantly increased risk of AML (OR = 2.94, 95% CI: 1.03, 8.34), but not ALL. Neither birth weight, birth order, or parental ages appeared to be an important predictor of the risk of ALL or AML. A comparison between data from two different sources (interview versus birth certificate) indicated good reproducibility and offered some evidence against recall bias.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Maternal history of miscarriage is associated with an increased risk of childhood AML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College St., New Haven, CT 06520-8034, USA. xiaomei.ma@yale.edu
authors.forename: Xiaomei
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Metayer
authors.forename: Monique B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Does
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Buffler
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D001719:Birth Certificates; D001721:Birth Intervals; D001722:Birth Order; D001724:Birth Weight; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors