Resetting the functional capacity of regulatory T cells: a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to promote immune tolerance.
Over the last few years, there has been a re-emergence of the concept of suppressor/regulatory T cells among the central players of immune mechanisms controlling a wide variety of immune responses from physiological autoreactivity (i.e., response to self-antigens) to responses to transplants, tumours and infectious antigens. Regulatory T cells are diverse in their phenotypes, antigen specificity, mode of action and immunopathological relevance. This review briefly summarises studies from the authors' group showing that specialised subsets of regulatory T cells are instrumental in the control of autoimmune diseases and more specifically of Type 1 diabetes. In addition, this review will provide evidence supporting the notion that CD3-specific monoclonal antibodies are representatives of a new category of immunotherapeutic agents that possess the unique capacity to promote immunological tolerance (an antigen-specific unresponsiveness in the absence of long-term generalised immunosuppression) through their ability to induce immunoregulatory T cells.
Chatenoud
Lucienne
L
Faculté René Descartes Paris 5, INSERM U580, Hôpital Necker, 161 Rue de Sèvres, 75015 Paris, France. chatenoud@necker.fr
Bach
Jean-François
JF
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016853:Muromonab-CD3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D017252:CD3 Complex; C452842:CD3 antigen, gamma chain; D016853:Muromonab-CD3; C502540:teplizumab