title: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) should be less latent.
abstract: 'Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults' (LADA) is the term coined to describe adults who have a slowly progressive form of autoimmune or type 1 diabetes that can be treated initially without insulin injections. The diagnosis of LADA is currently based on three clinical criteria: (1) adult age at onset of diabetes; (2) the presence of circulating islet autoantibodies, which distinguishes LADA from type 2 diabetes; and (3) insulin independence at diagnosis, which distinguishes LADA from classic type 1 diabetes. The prevalence of LADA in adults presenting with non-insulin-requiring diabetes is approximately 10%. Recognition of LADA expands the concept and prevalence of autoimmune diabetes, but LADA remains poorly understood at both a clinical and research level. In this perspective, we review the nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, genetics, pathology and therapy of LADA, to arrive at recommendations that might advance knowledge and management of this form of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fourlanos
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dotta
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Greenbaum
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Palmer
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rolandsson
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Colman
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000276:immunology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000276:immunology; D008019:Life Style; D009626:Terminology as Topic
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents