title: Androstadienetrione, a boldenone-like component, detected in cattle faeces with GC-MS(n) and LC-MS(n).
abstract: Boldenone (1,4-androstadiene-17-ol-3-one, Bol) has been the subject of a heated debate because of ongoing confusion about its endogenous or exogenous origin when detected in one of its forms in faecal or urine samples from cattle. An expert report was recently written on the presence and metabolism of Bol in various animal species. Androstadienedione (ADD) is a direct precursor of 17beta-boldenone (betaBol). It is a 3,17-dione; ssBol is a 17-ol-3-one. Not much is published on 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-diol, which is a 3,17-diol (ADL). If animals were exposed for a longer period to one of these analytes, a metabolic pathway would be initiated to eliminate these compounds. Similar to recent testosterone metabolism studies in the aquatic invertebrate Neomysis integer, ADD, ssBol and ADL could also be eliminated as hydroxymetabolites after exposure. The presence of 11-keto-steroids or 11-hydroxy-metabolites in faecal samples can interfere with a confirmation method by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS), after oxidation of corticosteroids with a double bond in the A-ring (e.g. prednisolone or its metabolite prednisone). The presence of androstadienetrione (ADT) in faecal samples of cattle has never been reported. The origin of its presence can be explained through different pathways, which are presented in this paper.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Research Group of Veterinary Public Health and Zoonoses, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Poelmans
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Wasch
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noppe
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Van Hoof
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Van de Wiele
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Courtheyn
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vanthemsche
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: De Brabander
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005243:Feces / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; C006573:1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione