Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in stem cells and cancer.
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and TGF-beta-related proteins, such as the bone morphogenetic proteins, have emerged as key regulators of stem cell renewal and differentiation. These proteins have disparate roles in regulating the biology of embryonic stem cells and tumor suppression, and they help define the selection of cell fate and the progression of differentiation along a lineage. Here we illustrate their roles in embryonic stem cells and in the differentiation of neural, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and gastrointestinal epithelial stem cells.
Mishra
Lopa
L
Cancer Genetics and Digestive Diseases, Medicine & Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA. lm229@georgetown.edu
Derynck
Rik
R
Mishra
Bibhuti
B
D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D004064:Digestive System / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D004067:Digestive System Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*
D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta