title: Improving day and night sleep problems in infants by changing day time sleep rhythm: a single group before and after study.
abstract: This study explores the duration and timing of day time waking periods required for sleep disturbed infants to improve day and night sleep. Seventy-nine sleep disturbed outpatients with day and night sleep problems were investigated before and two weeks after a brief sleep intervention. Data were collected by interviewing parents on their infants' day and night sleep patterns. Besides instructing the parents on night sleep regulation, they were advised to regulate day sleep. After the intervention, duration of day and night sleep increased and frequency of night waking decreased. The mean duration of the first waking period in the morning did not change, but the range decreased. The mean duration of the last waking period in the evening increased. The frequency of short and irregular day naps and the need for assistance in falling asleep decreased after the intervention. It is recommended that the last waking before night sleep is lengthened to reduce day and night sleep problems.
authors.affiliation: Outpatient Clinic for Sleep Disturbed Infants, Landspitali-University Hospital, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. arnasku@landspitali.is
authors.forename: Arna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skuladottir
authors.forename: Marga
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Thome
authors.forename: Alfons
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ramel
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001010:Anxiety, Separation / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007055:Iceland; D007223:Infant; D007224:Infant Care / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D010287:Parent-Child Relations; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education* / Q000523:psychology; D002666:Psychology, Child; D020178:Sleep Disorders, Circadian Rhythm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013694:Temperament; D013997:Time Factors; D035502:Trust; D014851:Wakefulness