Genes and susceptibility to leishmaniasis.
Leishmania are digenetic protozoa which inhabit two highly specific hosts, the sandfly where they grow as motile, flagellated promastigotes in the gut, and the mammalian macrophage where they grow intracellularly as non-flagellated amastigotes. Leishmaniasis is the outcome of an evolutionary 'arms race' between the host's immune system and the parasite's evasion mechanisms which ensure survival and transmission in the population. The spectrum of disease manifestations and severity reflects the interaction between the genome of the host and that of the parasite, and the pathology is caused by a combination of host and parasite molecules. This chapter examines the genetic basis of host susceptibility to disease in humans and animal models. It describes the genetic tools used to map and identify susceptibility genes, and the lessons learned from murine and human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
Handman
Emanuela
E
The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Post Office, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria 3050, Australia.
Elso
Colleen
C
Foote
Simon
S
D000818:Animals; D004198:Disease Susceptibility; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007891:Leishmania / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice