title: Quality of life and functional outcome following anterior or abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aims of the study were (1) to evaluate quality of life (QoL) and functional outcome in patients following anterior resection (AR) or abdominoperineal resection (APR) for rectal cancer, and (2) whether these outcomes were dependent on the level of anastomosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients who were without recurrent or metastatic disease were identified from the Norwegian Rectal Cancer Registry. QoL was assessed by the EORTC questionnaires QLQ-C30 and QLQ-CR38, and rectal function by a short questionnaire. Of 319 patients studied, 229 had undergone AR and 90 APR. The median age was 73 years, and the median time since surgery was 64 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean QoL scores for body image and male sexual problems were better following AR than APR (P<0.01), also in patients with a low (< or = 3 cm) anastomosis. Patients who had undergone AR had higher mean scores for constipation (P<0.001) and more often used anti-diarrhoeal medication (P=0.005), than patients who had undergone APR. Patients with a low anastomosis (< or = 3 cm) had more incontinence for gas and solid stools (P<0.05), and had more incontinence (P=0.006) compared with patients with higher anastomosis, but there was no difference in QoL. Subgroup analysis showed that irradiated patients (n=34) had worse rectal function in terms of frequency, urgency, and incontinence (P<0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rectal function was impaired in patients with low anastomosis, patients who had undergone AR had better QoL than patients who had undergone APR.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Ullevaal University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway. marianne.guren@ulleval.no
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Guren
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Eriksen
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Wiig
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carlsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nesbakken
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Sigurdsson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wibe
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tveit
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D001828:Body Image; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods*; D005242:Fecal Incontinence; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; D016896:Treatment Outcome