title: Beta2-adrenergic receptor genotype and survival among patients receiving beta-blocker therapy after an acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous data support an association between polymorphisms of the beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors (ADRB1 and ADRB2) and surrogate end points of response to beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. However, no associations between these polymorphisms and mortality have been demonstrated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effect of ADRB1 Arg389Gly (1165 CG), Ser49Gly (145 AG), and ADRB2 Gly16Arg (46 GA), Gln27Glu (79 CG) genotypes on survival among patients discharged with prescribed beta-blockers after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective cohort study of 735 ACS patients admitted to 2 Kansas City, Mo, medical centers between March 2001 and October 2002; 597 patients were discharged with beta-blocker therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multivariable-adjusted time to all-cause 3-year mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 84 deaths during follow-up. There was a significant association between ADRB2 genotype and 3-year mortality among patients prescribed beta-blocker therapy. For the 79 CG polymorphism, Kaplan-Meier 3-year mortality rates were 16% (35 deaths), 11% (27 deaths), and 6% (4 deaths) for the CC, CG, and GG genotypes, respectively (P = .03; adjusted hazard ratios [AHRs], 0.51 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.30-0.87] for CG vs CC and 0.24 (95% CI, 0.09-0.68) for GG vs CC, P = .004). For the ADRB2 46 GA polymorphism, 3-year Kaplan-Meier mortality estimates were 10% (17 deaths), 10% (28 deaths), and 20% (20 deaths) for the GG, GA, and AA genotypes, respectively (P = .005; AHRs, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.27-0.86] for GA vs AA and 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22-0.85] for GG vs AA, P = .02). No mortality difference between genotypes was found among patients not discharged with beta-blocker therapy for either the 79 CG or 46 GA polymorphisms (P = .98 and P = .49, respectively). The ADRB2 diplotype and compound genotypes were predictive of survival in patients treated with beta-blockers (P = .04 and P = .002; AHRs, 5.36 [95% CI, 1.83-15.69] and 2.41 [95% CI, 0.86-6.74] for 46 A homozygous and composite heterozygous vs 79 G homozygous, respectively). No association of the ADRB1 variants with mortality was observed in either the beta-blocker or no beta-blocker groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients prescribed beta-blocker therapy after an ACS have differential survival associated with their ADRB2 genotypes. Further assessment of the benefits of beta-blocker therapy in high-risk genotype groups may be warranted.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Medicine, Genetics, and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo;
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Lanfear
authors.forename: Philip G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cresci
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McLeod
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Spertus
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1 / Q000235:genetics; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D018342:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; D018343:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2