title: Predictors and 1-year outcome of major bleeding in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: insights from the Canadian Acute Coronary Syndrome Registries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bleeding is the major noncardiac adverse consequence of treatment in patients with non-ST-elevation (NSTE) acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The aims were to identify predictors of major bleeding in patients with NSTE ACS and to evaluate in-hospital and 1-year outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated 5842 patients with NSTE-ACS included in the multicenter Canadian ACS Registries.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with in-hospital major bleeding (n = 79, 1.4%) were older (75 vs 66 years, P < .001), with higher baseline creatinine (1.17 vs 1.02 mg/dL, P < .002), more diabetes (36% vs 25%, P = .04), hypertension (73% vs 54%, P < .002), previous stroke (20% vs 9%, P < .002), Killip class > or = II (P < .01), and ST-depression (37% vs 18%, P < .001). Antiplatelet/thrombotic therapies did not differ between patients with and without major bleeding. Crude event rates were significantly higher in patients with major bleeding: in-hospital death 19.2% vs 1.5% (P < .001), myocardial infarction (MI) 15.4% vs 3.8% (P < .001), and death or MI 26.9% vs 4.9% (P < .001). One-year event rates were also higher: death 35.9% vs 7.4% (P < .0001), MI 15.6% vs 6.2% (P = .0021), and death or MI 40.6% vs 12.6% (P < .0001). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors for major bleeding were age (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.03-1.09), hypertension (1.72, 1.0-2.97), previous stroke (1.84, 1.0-3.37), and in-hospital catheterization (1.93, 1.06-3.53) or bypass surgery (2.18, 1.0-4.76). Major bleeding was an independent predictor of 1-year death (OR 3.92, 2.07-7.41) and death or MI (2.51, 1.41-4.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with NSTE-ACS, major bleeding is associated with increased short- and long-term rates of death and MI, and is predicted by simple clinical characteristics.
authors.affiliation: Terrence Donnelly Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segev
authors.forename: Bradley H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Constance
authors.forename: Anatoly
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Langer
authors.forename: Shaun G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Goodman
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000150:complications*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011379:Prognosis; D012042:Registries; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors