HIV and liver diseases: recent clinical advances.
Because the life expectancy of patients infected with HIV has been prolonged, liver diseases have assumed far greater importance as a cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Given the shared risks of transmission, patients who have HIV often are coinfected with hepatotrophic viruses such as hepatitis C and hepatitis B. Further, antiretroviral therapy (ART) used by patients who have HIV is often hepatotoxic, contributing to liver damage. With increasing immunosuppression caused by AIDS, patients who have HIV have to deal with these issues and the increased risk of infection with opportunistic viral, fungal, bacterial, and protozoal pathogens. In addition, steatosis and lipodystrophy now are recognized more commonly in patients who have HIV, particularly in the setting of ART. Thus, understanding of liver diseases in the setting of HIV infection becomes an important focus in caring these individuals. There have been numerous advances in the treatment of liver disease in patients who have HIV, particularly in treating viral hepatitis C and B. This article reviews various liver manifestations in patients who have HIV and the recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic options.
Cengiz
Cem
C
Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA.
Park
James S
JS
Saraf
Neeraj
N
Dieterich
Douglas T
DT
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007372:Interferons / Q000009:adverse effects; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000150:complications; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D012254:Ribavirin / Q000009:adverse effects
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D012254:Ribavirin; D007372:Interferons