title: Arteriovenous fistula as a complication of renal biopsy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We evaluated the incidence and history of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) after kidney biopsy and assessed the use of superselective embolisation for treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report of a 10-year-old boy with nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy (RB) in this patient was complicated with AVF. Immediately after RB was undertaken, microscopic haematuria was observed, within 48 hours after the biopsy life-threatening haematuria due to pseudoaneurysm started. Renal angiography was carried out, which demonstrated a hyperthrophic aberrant artery in the region of the bottom pole of the left kidney, from which blood was instantaneously flowing through a high-flow arteriovenous fistula (AVF).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Embolization was carried out using small platinum coils (MWCE-18S-3/2, -18S-4/2, -18S-5/2TORNADO Embolization Microcoil) and the tissue adhesive Histoacryl.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The technique of superselective embolisation using coaxial catheter is a safe method in the treatment of post biopsy AVFs and pseudoaneurysm (Fig. 3, Ref. 6).
authors.affiliation: 1st Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Masarykiensis University, Brno, Czech Republic. lkopecna@med.muni.cz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kopecna
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mach
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Prochazka
mesh_terms: D017541:Aneurysm, False / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002648:Child; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000002:abnormalities; D012082:Renal Veins