title: Lack of CpG island methylator phenotype defines a clinical subtype of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia associated with good prognosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine cancer genes undergoing epigenetic inactivation in a set of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) to obtain the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in the disease and its possible correlation with clinical features and outcome of the patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze methylation of the ADAMTS-1, ADAMTS-5, APAF-1, ASPP-1, CDH1, CDH13, DAPK, DIABLO, DKK-3, LATS-1, LATS-2, NES-1, p14, p15, p16, p57, p73, PARK-2, PTEN, sFRP1/2/4/5, SHP-1, SYK, TMS-1, and WIF-1 genes in samples from 50 consecutive T-ALL patients (19 children and 31 adults). Results were compared with results obtained in 286 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (B-ALLs).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 88% of the T-ALL samples had at least one gene methylated. According to the number of methylated genes observed in each individual sample, 12 patients (24%) were included in the CIMP- group (zero to two methylated genes), and 38 patients (76%) were included in the CIMP+ group (> two methylated genes). Clinical features and remission rate did not differ significantly among both groups of patients. Estimated disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 12 years and overall survival (OS) rate at 13 years were 100% and 91% for the CIMP- group and 20% and 17% for the CIMP+ group, respectively (P = .0006 and P = .003, respectively). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that methylation profile was an independent prognostic factor in predicting DFS (P = .05) and OS (P = .02). A group of five genes (SYK-1, ASPP-1, sFRP-2, sFRP-5, and WIF-1) showed specificity for T-ALL compared with B-ALL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the methylation profile may be a potential new biomarker of risk prediction in T-ALL.
authors.affiliation: Hematology Department, Reina Sofia Hospital, Avda, Menendez Pidal s/n, 14004 Cordoba, Spain. peperosa@teleline.es
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roman-Gomez
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jimenez-Velasco
authors.forename: Xabier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Agirre
authors.forename: Felipe
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Prosper
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heiniger
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000235:genetics*; D019175:DNA Methylation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015459:Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D054198:Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D011379:Prognosis; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor