title: TNFR1- and TNFR2-mediated signaling pathways in human kidney are cell type-specific and differentially contribute to renal injury.
abstract: In normal kidney, TNFR1 is expressed in glomerular and peritubular capillary EC, and some tubular cells, and colocalizes with inactive apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1) phosphorylated at serine 967. Biopsies of rejecting or ischemic renal allografts, which show both tubular cell injury and proliferation, display down-regulation of TNFR1 and activation of ASK1 as well as up-regulation of TNFR2 on tubular cells, where it colocalizes with phosphorylated endothelial/epithelial tyrosine kinase (Etk). We have exploited receptor-selective muteins and evaluated phosphorylation of receptor-specific kinases to study TNF responses in situ. In organ culture, a TNFR1-specific mutein changes phosphorylation of ASK1 to threonine 845, indicative of kinase activation. A TNFR2-specific mutein down-regulates TNFR1 in glomerular EC, up-regulates TNFR2 and Etk in tubular cells, and induces phosphorylation of Etk. Wild-type TNF induces TNFR2 and Etk and activates both ASK1 and Etk but does not down-regulate TNFR1. Wild-type TNF and TNFR1-specific mutein trigger tubular cell apoptosis whereas wild-type TNF and TNFR2-specific mutein induce tubular cells to express proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Differential activation of ASK1 and Etk by regulated TNFRs in patient-derived materials provides an explanation for diverse and opposing responses to TNF at distinct sites, and an in situ bioassay of TNFR signaling.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
authors.forename: Rafia S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Al-Lamki
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vandenabeele
authors.forename: J Andrew
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bradley
authors.forename: Sathia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thiru
authors.forename: Dianghong
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Wang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Min
authors.forename: Jordan S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pober
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001681:Biological Assay; D001706:Biopsy; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007668:Kidney / Q000293:injuries* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000473:pathology*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008954:Models, Biological; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013912:Threonine / Q000737:chemistry; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D047888:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; D047889:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II; D013912:Threonine; C492367:BMX protein, human; D011505:Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; D048848:MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5