title: Clustering protein sequences with a novel metric transformed from sequence similarity scores and sequence alignments with neural networks.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The sequencing of the human genome has enabled us to access a comprehensive list of genes (both experimental and predicted) for further analysis. While a majority of the approximately 30,000 known and predicted human coding genes are characterized and have been assigned at least one function, there remains a fair number of genes (about 12,000) for which no annotation has been made. The recent sequencing of other genomes has provided us with a huge amount of auxiliary sequence data which could help in the characterization of the human genes. Clustering these sequences into families is one of the first steps to perform comparative studies across several genomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Here we report a novel clustering algorithm (CLUGEN) that has been used to cluster sequences of experimentally verified and predicted proteins from all sequenced genomes using a novel distance metric which is a neural network score between a pair of protein sequences. This distance metric is based on the pairwise sequence similarity score and the similarity between their domain structures. The distance metric is the probability that a pair of protein sequences are of the same Interpro family/domain, which facilitates the modelling of transitive homology closure to detect remote homologues. The hierarchical average clustering method is applied with the new distance metric.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Benchmarking studies of our algorithm versus those reported in the literature shows that our algorithm provides clustering results with lower false positive and false negative rates. The clustering algorithm is applied to cluster several eukaryotic genomes and several dozens of prokaryotic genomes.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Computing, Genome and Proteome Sciences, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Qicheng.Ma@novartis.com
authors.forename: Qicheng
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Gung-Wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Chirn
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Szustakowski
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Nirmala
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D019985:Benchmarking; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D016571:Neural Networks, Computer; D012372:ROC Curve; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D020539:Sequence Analysis, Protein / Q000379:methods*; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012986:Software Validation