title: Profile of trauma-related residual periorbital deformities in Indian children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the profile of periorbital trauma in Indian children less than 10 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty two children with periorbital injuries were evaluated, over a period of 1 year. Demographic features, mechanism and type of injury were noted. Detailed ophthalmic examination and investigations, including X-ray, ultrasonography, and CT scan were done as needed. Patients requiring secondary intervention were followed-up up to 6 months after surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 32 children seen, 20 (63%) were males, 25 of 32 (78%) were between 4 and 7 years of age. Fall was the cause of injury in 31% (10/32) and assault in 28% (9/32). Medial canthal injury was the commonest of all periorbital injuries manifesting as lacrimal drainage obstruction and telecanthus. Associated fractures of the naso-orbital bones were present in 7 patients (22%) and ocular injuries were seen in 18 patients (56%). Secondary intervention was performed in 20 patients and lacrimal drainage procedure was the commonest surgery, performed in 15 out of 20 (75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periorbital injuries in children not only lead to midfacial deformities and lacrimal drainage obstruction but are associated with significant ocular damage also.
authors.affiliation: Oculoplastic and Paediatric Ophthalmology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
authors.forename: Neelam
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pushker
authors.forename: Mandeep S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Bajaj
authors.forename: Vidushi
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Balasubramanya
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003906:Developing Countries; D005143:Eyelids / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008297:Male; D009915:Orbit / Q000293:injuries*; D014754:Violence; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology*