title: The relationship of the histologic grade at the deep invasive front and the expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many histopathologic characteristics of oral squamous cell carcinoma (O-SCC) have been identified as prognostic factors, accurate, and unequivocal factors have not been clearly identified. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential association between the histologic grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front and the expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 protein in O-SCC.
  
  
  METHODS
  The expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 at the invasive tumor front area of O-SCC was examined by immunohistochemistry of archived tissue from 62 cases. The mean age of patients was 60.7 years (range: 37-89) and the male-female ratio was 1.6:1 (38 men, 24 women). There were 20, 17, 14, and 11 cases classified as stage I to stage IV, respectively. The correlation between the intensity of immunostaining for Ki-67 antigen and p53 and the histologic grade of malignancy at the deep invasive front (invasive front grade, IFG) was analyzed. The expression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 in normal oral epithelia (10 cases) was also investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean Ki-67 labeling index (LI) in the O-SCC samples was 32.8 +/- 12.0% (n = 62). The mean total score of IFG (IFG score) was 9.1 +/- 2.7 points (n = 62). There was a significant linear correlation between the IFG score and the Ki-67 antigen (gamma = 0.651, R2 = 0.596, P < 0.0001). Of 50 tumors examined, 27 (54.0%) exhibited p53-positive nuclear immunostaining. The staining patterns for Ki-67 antigen and p53 were similar. Both Ki-67-LI and p53-positive status were significantly correlated with the IFG scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings of this study demonstrate that overexpression of Ki-67 antigen and p53 at the deep tumor invasive front of O-SCC is associated with histologic grade of malignancy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Miyazaki Medical College, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan. kurohide@fc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Min
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Shinobu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Taiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tomoyose
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takano
authors.forename: Katsuyuki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Funaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuyama
authors.forename: Tetsu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Sumio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakoda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53