title: Epidemiological assessment of levodopa use in Cuba: 1993-1998.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate the use of levodopa in Cuba in order to provide a basis for intervention aimed at improving pharmacological treatment of individuals presenting with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the amount of levodopa, both plain and combined, distributed by the central laboratory to hospital and community pharmacies in Cuba in the period 1993-1998. An internationally established drug-classification system and a reported method for epidemiological assessment of levodopa sales were applied. Sweden in 1994 served as the reference population.
  
  
  RESULTS
  National crude rates of levodopa use basically remained stable since 1994, and in 1998 stood at 0.11 defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants/day, approximately 15 times lower than the corresponding figure for the reference population. Annual provincial use of levodopa showed considerable geographical variation, with the lowest rates in the eastern provinces and the highest rates in Havana City (Ciudad de La Habana). Adjustment for age reduced such differences by approximately 50%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Levodopa use in Cuba is low and consistent with the reported low prevalence of the diagnosis of PD. Results suggest that the diagnosis and treatment of PD can be improved, with emphasis on better detection of PD.
authors.affiliation: National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Havana, Cuba.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lara
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Cuadrado-Gamarra
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Pedro-Cuesta
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Esteban
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Giménez-Roldán
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luis-González
mesh_terms: D003462:Cuba; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000188:drug therapy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007980:Levodopa