title: Pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms and signs related to extraesophageal reflux in patients with heartburn in gastroenterology practice: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms and findings in correlation to extraesophageal reflux (EER) in patients with heartburn.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients referred to Department of Gastroenterology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-three patients with chronic heartburn as the primary symptom, subdivided on the basis of oesophageal manometry to have gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) (n = 25) or not (n = 18).
  
  
  METHODS
  Laryngeal video recordings of 43 patients were examined off-line. The occurrence of symptoms and laryngeal pathology were correlated to the results of 24-h double-probe pH monitoring.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Pharyngeal or laryngeal symptoms occurred often or quite often in 72% (18 of 25) of the GORD patients and 61% (11 of 18) of the patients without GORD. EER occurred in 73% (16 of 22) of the GORD patients with laryngeal symptoms and in 38% (6 of 16) of those without GORD but with laryngeal symptoms (P = 0.047). In the multivariate analysis the odds for hoarseness was 17 times higher if the patient had heartburn more than five times a day, compared with patients with heartburn less than once a day (OR 17.8, CI 1.7-405.9; P = 0.01). Cohen's kappa for intrarater reliability was 0.851 (P = 0.001). Laryngeal pathology was found in 56% of the GORD patients and 44% patients without GORD. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of any specific symptom or finding between the patients with and without GORD, nor with and without EER.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although GORD together with laryngeal symptoms seem to be predictive of EER, there are no specific pharyngeal and laryngeal symptoms or findings that would help distinguishing patients with EER from those without. However, the more frequent the heartburn to the more frequent is hoarseness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Logopedics and Phoniatrics B 69, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden. riitta.h.ylitalo@klinvet.ki.se
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ylitalo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindestad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hertegård
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006356:Heartburn / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006685:Hoarseness / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007830:Larynx / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014743:Videotape Recording