title: A small molecule compound inhibits AKT pathway in ovarian cancer cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Overactivation of AKT1 and gene amplification of AKT2 are frequently detected in ovarian cancer. Activated AKT kinases provide a cell survival signal that may confer resistance to apoptosis induced by conventional therapies in cancer cells. Therefore, development of potent inhibitors that block AKT pathway is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating ovarian carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ovarian cancer cell lines, A2780, MDAH2774, OVCAR-8, Caov-3, and normal murine fibroblasts (NIH3T3) were used. Cells were treated with different doses of a non-peptide small molecule compound, 9-methoxy-2-methylellipticinium acetate (termed API-59-OME) that potentially inhibit AKT pathway. Kinase assays and the phosphorylation of AKT, GSK-3alpha/beta, PDK1, ERK1/2, SGK, p38, FAK, EGFR, JAK2, PKC isoforms, and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were examined in treated and untreated cell lines. Further, cells treated with API-59-OME were analyzed for induction of apoptosis using sub-G1 profile with propidium iodide staining.
  
  
  RESULTS
  API-59-OME inhibited AKT kinase activity but did not inhibit ERK or JNK kinase activities in A2780, MDAH2774, and OVCAR-8 cell lines. API-59-OME did not reduce phosphorylation of other protein kinases in these cell lines. API-59-OME induced apoptosis and the cleavage of PARP in A2780, MDAH2774, and OVCAR-8 ovarian cancer cell lines that express elevated levels of phosphorylated AKT. In contrast, in Caov-3 and NIH3T3 cell lines, which lack constitutive AKT activity, API-59-OME only had minimal effect to induce apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that API-59-OME may be a potent agent to target constitutively activated AKT pathway in ovarian cancer cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: Huai-Jing
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiaohong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Shaomeng
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Dajun
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yeyu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Jianyong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Dana R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Gossett
authors.forename: Jiayuh
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004611:Ellipticines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494380:9-methoxy-2-methylellipticinium acetate; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D004611:Ellipticines; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt