title: Blockade of nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway and anti-inflammatory activity of cardamomin, a chalcone analog from Alpinia conchigera.
abstract: Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the signaling pathways that regulate its activity have become a focal point for intense drug discovery and development efforts. NF-kappaB regulates the transcription of a large number of genes, particularly those involved in immune, inflammatory, and antiapoptotic responses. In our search for NF-kappaB inhibitors from natural resources, we identified cardamomin, 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxychalcone, as an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation from Alpinia conchigera Griff (Zingiberaceae). In present study, we demonstrated the effect of cardamomin on NF-kappaB activation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and LPS-induced mortality. This compound significantly inhibited the induced expression of NF-kappaB reporter gene by LPS or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in a dose-dependent manner. LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and NO as well as expression of inducible nitric-oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 was significantly suppressed by the treatment of cardamomin in RAW264.7 cells. Also, cardamomin inhibited not only LPS-induced degradation and phosphorylation of inhibitor kappaBalpha (IkappaBalpha) but also activation of inhibitor kappaB (IkappaB) kinases and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Further analyses revealed that cardamomin did not directly inhibit IkappaB kinases, but it significantly suppressed LPS-induced activation of Akt. Moreover, cardamomin suppressed transcriptional activity and phosphorylation of Ser536 of RelA/p65 subunit of NF-kappaB. However, this compound did not inhibit LPS-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase, but significantly impaired activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. We also demonstrated that pretreatment of cardamomin rescued C57BL/6 mice from LPS-induced mortality in conjunction with decreased serum level of TNF-alpha. Together, cardamomin could be valuable candidate for the intervention of NF-kappaB-dependent pathological condition such as inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Anticancer Research Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 115, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-600, Korea. jjlee@kribb.re.kr
authors.forename: Jeong-Hyung
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Haeng Sun
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: Phan Minh
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Giang
authors.forename: Xuejun
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Sangku
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Phan Tong
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Dongho
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Young-Soo
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Kyeong
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Joon
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D032429:Alpinia / Q000737:chemistry*; D000818:Animals; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D047188:Chalcones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016759:Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun) / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D047188:Chalcones; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D020672:I-kappa B Proteins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016759:Oncogene Protein p65(gag-jun); D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D008156:Luciferases; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; C436747:cardamonin