title: Population pharmacokinetic analysis for nelfinavir and its metabolite M8 in virologically controlled HIV-infected patients on HAART.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the pharmacokinetics of nelfinavir and its main metabolite M8 in HIV-infected patients with a sustained virological response, to characterize the effect of covariates and to estimate inter- and intra-individual variability in the pharmacokinetics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three hundred and twenty concentrations of both nelfinavir and M8 were measured in 46 patients enrolled in the COPHAR 1-ANRS 102 study. Blood samples were taken at a first visit (one sample before drug administration and four samples at fixed times after) and at a second visit 1 to 3 months later (one before and one 3 h after drug administration). The data from both visits on nelfinavir and M8 were modelled jointly in all patients using a population approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination best described nelfinavir data, with an additional compartment incorporating a first order rate-constant describing the metabolism of the drug to M8. For nelfinavir, the apparent volume of distribution (V/F ) (95% confidence interval for the mean), was 309 l (185, 516), the absorption rate constant (k(a)) was 0.4 h(-1) (0.2, 0.8), and the apparent clearance (CL/F ) was 37.3 l h(-1) (32, 44). For M8, V(m) /(Fk(m)) and CL(m)/(Fk(m)) were 866 l h(-1) (351, 2161) and 1670 l (965, 2894), respectively. The interindividual variabilities were 34.9%, 34.3% and 62.2% for V/F, CL/F and CL(m)/(Fk(m)), respectively. The interoccasion variability was 27.8% for CL/F. The mean half-lives were 05.38 h and 00.44 h for nelfinavir and M8, respectively. Significant but opposite effects of comedication with zidovudine were found on nelfinavir CL/F and M8 CL(m)/(Fk(m)), but they were not considered to be clinically relevant.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A joint model was found to describe adequately nelfinavir and M8 concentrations and was used to estimate pharmacokinetic parameters for M8. The model can be used to build reference pharmacokinetic profiles for therapeutic drug monitoring of the drug.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U738, Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Clinical research, AP-HP, Bichat University Hospital, Paris, France. xaviere.panhard@bch.aphp.fr
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Panhard
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Goujard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Legrand
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taburet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diquet
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mentré
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019888:Nelfinavir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; C495123:hydroxy-t-butylamidenelfinavir; D019888:Nelfinavir