title: Annexin A8 is up-regulated during mouse mammary gland involution and predicts poor survival in breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Microarray studies have linked Annexin A8 RNA expression to a "basal cell-like" subset of breast cancers, including BRCA1-related cancers, that are characterized by cytokeratin 5 (CK5) and CK17 expression and show poor prognosis. We assessed Annexin A8's contribution to the overall prognosis and its expression in normal, benign, and cancerous tissue and addressed Annexin A8's physiologic role in the mammary gland.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using microarrays and reverse transcription-PCR, the Annexin A8 expression was studied during mouse mammary gland development and in isolated mammary structures. Reverse transcription-PCR on cultured human luminal and basal cells, along with immunocytochemistry on normal and benign breast tissues, was used for cellular localization. Annexin A8's prognostic relevance and its coexpression with CK5 were assessed on tissue arrays of 1,631 cases of invasive breast cancer. Coexpression was further evaluated on a small cohort of 14 BRCA1-related breast cancers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Annexin A8 was up-regulated during mouse mammary gland involution and in pubertal ductal epithelium. Annexin A8 showed preferred expression in cultured basal cells but predominant luminal expression in normal human breast tissue in vivo. Hyperplasias and in situ carcinomas showed a strong staining of basal cells. Annexin A8 expression was significantly associated with grade (P < 0.0001), CK5 (P < 0.0001), and estrogen receptor status (P < 0.0001); 85.7% BRCA1-related breast tumors coexpressed Annexin A8 and CK5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Annexin A8 is involved in mouse mammary gland involution. In humans, it is a luminally expressed protein with basal expression in cell culture and in hyperplasia/ductal carcinoma in situ. Expression in invasive breast carcinomas has a significant effect on survival (P = 0.03) but is not independent of grade or CK5.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Torsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Karen N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Joanna S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Victoria J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Heath
authors.forename: Roderick K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Ferrier
authors.forename: Alexandra K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: Marie-Anne
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pringle
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Villadsen
authors.forename: Ole W
authors.initials: OW
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sauter
authors.forename: Gareth
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bryson
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mallon
authors.forename: Barry A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Gusterson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017302:Annexins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D017209:Apoptosis; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000401:mortality*; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D019398:Genes, BRCA1; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009841:Oligonucleotides / Q000737:chemistry; D010641:Phenotype; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011379:Prognosis; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D017302:Annexins; D009841:Oligonucleotides; D012313:RNA; D007633:Keratins