title: Optimal end-tidal sevoflurane concentration for the removal of the laryngeal mask airway in anesthetized adults.
abstract: Sevoflurane provides smooth and rapid emergence from anesthesia and can be used when the removal of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is required in anesthetized patients. We sought to determine the optimal end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane required for the removal of LMA in anesthetized adults. We studied 35 adults, aged 22-64 years old with an ASA physical status I or II, who were undergoing perineal surgery. General anesthesia was induced with thiopental, and the LMA was then inserted. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane, oxygen, and air. After the surgery, the target concentration was maintained for at least 10 min, and then the LMA was removed. Each target concentration at the time of removal was predetermined by the Dixon up-down method (with 0.1% as a step size) starting at 1.7% end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane. The LMA removal was considered successful when there was no coughing, clenching of teeth, or gross purposeful movements during or within 1 min after removal and also if there was no breath holding, laryngospasm, or desaturation after removal. The end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane to achieve successful LMA removal in 50% of adults was 0.99% +/- 0.09% (mean +/- SD) and in 95% of adults was 1.18% (95% confidence limits, 1.07%-1.79%). In conclusion, we have determined that LMA removal in 50% and 95% of anesthetized adults can be safely accomplished without coughing, moving, or any other airway complications at 0.99% and 1.18% end-tidal concentrations of sevoflurane.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the removal of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in the anesthetized state is required in some clinical situations, we sought to determine the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane to safely remove the LMA in anesthetized adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Yon Hee
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Cheung Soo
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Chul Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yang-Sik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli / Q000378:metabolism*; D000077149:Sevoflurane
chemical_list: D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D000077149:Sevoflurane