title: Differential roles of CD14 and toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in murine Acinetobacter pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is increasingly associated with gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia, but the molecular mechanisms that play a role in innate defenses during A. baumannii infection have not been elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To gain first insight into the role of CD14 and Toll-like receptors 4 and 2 in host response to A. baumannii pneumonia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Respective gene-deficient mice were intranasally infected with A. baumannii, and bacterial outgrowth, lung inflammation, and pulmonary cytokine/chemokine responses were determined. To study the importance of LPS in the inflammatory response, mice were also challenged with A. baumannii LPS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial counts were increased in CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 gene-deficient mice, and only these animals developed bacteremia. The pulmonary cytokine/chemokine response was impaired in Toll-like receptor 4 knockout mice and the onset of lung inflammation was delayed. In contrast, Toll-like receptor 2-deficient animals displayed an earlier cell influx into lungs combined with increased macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 concentrations, which was associated with accelerated elimination of bacteria from the pulmonary compartment. Neither CD14 nor Toll-like receptor 4 gene-deficient mice responded to intranasal administration of LPS, whereas Toll-like receptor 2 knockout mice were indistinguishable from wild-type animals.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that CD14 and Toll-like receptor 4 play a key role in innate sensing of A. baumannii via the LPS moiety, resulting in effective elimination of the bacteria from the lung, whereas Toll-like receptor 2 signaling seems to counteract the robustness of innate responses during acute A. baumannii pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Internal Medicine Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, G2-132, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Sylvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Catharina W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Wieland
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Florquin
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pantophlet
authors.forename: Lenie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dijkshoorn
authors.forename: Ntambua
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tshimbalanga
authors.forename: Shizuo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Akira
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van der Poll
mesh_terms: D000151:Acinetobacter Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D040981:Acinetobacter baumannii; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4