title: Bone substitutes: an update.
abstract: Autograft is considered ideal for grafting procedures, providing osteoinductive growth factors, osteogenic cells, and an osteoconductive scaffold. Limitations, however, exist regarding donor site morbidity and graft availability. Allograft on the other hand, posses the risk of disease transmission. Synthetic graft substitutes lack osteoinductive or osteogenic properties. Composite grafts combine scaffolding properties with biological elements to stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation and eventually osteogenesis. We present here an overview of bone grafts and graft substitutes available for clinical applications.
authors.affiliation: Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, St. James's University Hospital, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK. pgiannoudi@aol.com
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Giannoudis
authors.forename: Haralambos
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dinopoulos
authors.forename: Eleftherios
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tsiridis
mesh_terms: D001843:Bone Cements / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D002516:Ceramics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003094:Collagen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017886:Durapatite / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements; D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003094:Collagen; D017886:Durapatite