title: Brachial plexus injury during open heart surgery--controlled prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Postoperative brachial plexus injury is often reported because the brachial plexus is stretched by sternotomy and the use of sternal retractors during open heart surgery. In many studies, brachial plexus injuries have been demonstrated by postoperative electrophysiological studies in susceptible patients. In this study, we estimated the incidence, severity, and type of brachial plexus injuries by routine preoperative and postoperative electrophysiological studies of patients undergoing open heart surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery (Group 1), heart valve surgery (Group 2), or peripheral vascular surgery (Group 3) were included in the investigation. Electrophysiological studies of both upper extremities were performed five days before and three weeks after the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Peripheral nerve problems were found preoperatively in 23 of the 112 patients (21 %). These problems persisted, but similar findings were obtained postoperatively from the left upper extremities of six of the 42 CABG (14 %) and two of the 24 heart valve (8 %) patients who had had normal preoperative evaluations. The patients with injured nerves were older and had undergone longer operation times. There were no differences between the patients with injured nerves and the others with respect to mammary artery harvesting or other operative variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are no reports in the literature of routine preoperative and postoperative electrophysiological studies in large patient groups to evaluate brachial plexus injury during open heart surgery. It is known that heart surgery sometimes causes partial brachial plexus injury, especially in the lower trunk. However, these peripheral nerve problems are usually not considered clinically important and are not investigated. Patients undergoing open heart surgery must be closely followed up for peripheral nerve injury during the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Medical Faculty, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey. scanbaz2001@yahoo.com
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Canbaz
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Turgut
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Halici
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sunar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Duran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001917:Brachial Plexus / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D020516:Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000145:classification / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D034941:Upper Extremity / Q000294:innervation / Q000503:physiopathology