title: Intrathecal grafting of porcine chromaffin cells reduces formalin-evoked c-Fos expression in the rat spinal cord.
abstract: Chromaffin cells from the adrenal gland secrete a combination of neuroactive compounds including catecholamines, opioid peptides, and growth factors that have strong analgesic effects, especially when administered intrathecally. Preclinical studies of intrathecal implantation with xenogeneic bovine chromaffin cells in rats have provided conflicting data with regard to analgesic effects, and recent concern over risk of prion transmission has precluded their use in human clinical trials. We previously developed a new, safer source of adult adrenal chromaffin cells of porcine origin and demonstrated an in vivo antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, a rodent model of tonic pain. The goal of the present study was to confirm porcine chromaffin cell analgesic effects at the molecular level by evaluating neural activity as reflected by spinal cord c-Fos protein expression. To this end, the expression of c-Fos in response to intraplantar formalin injection was evaluated in animals following intrathecal grafting of 10(6) porcine or bovine chromaffin cells. For the two species, adrenal chromaffin cells significantly reduced the tonic phases of the formalin response. Similarly, c-Fos-like immunoreactive neurons were markedly reduced in the dorsal horns of animals that had received injections of xenogeneic chromaffin cells. This reduction was observed in both the superficial (I-II) and deep (V-VI) lamina of the dorsal horn. The present study demonstrates that both xenogeneic porcine and bovine chromaffin cells transplanted into the spinal subarachnoid space of the rat can suppress formalin-evoked c-Fos expression equally, in parallel with suppression of nociceptive behaviors in the tonic phase of the test. These findings confirm previous reports that adrenal chromaffin cells may produce antinociception by inhibiting activation of nociceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Taken together these results support the concept that porcine chromaffin cells may offer an alternative xenogeneic cell source for transplants delivering pain-reducing neuroactive substances.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pain and Cell Therapy, Rangueil Medical School, University Paul Sabatier, 133 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sol
authors.forename: R Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sallerin
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jozan
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lauwers-Cances
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tortosa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chaynes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mascott
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bastide
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lazorthes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D002417:Cattle; D019439:Chromaffin Cells / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000637:transplantation; D005404:Fixatives / Q000633:toxicity*; D005557:Formaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000378:metabolism*; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D005557:Formaldehyde