title: Long-term follow-up after eradication of Helicobacter pylori with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and tinidazole (OCT regimen) in a Japanese population.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The long-term benefit of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment that includes metronidazole on peptic ulcer disease in Japan is unclear. We investigated the rate of H. pylori re-infection and ulcer relapse after H. pylori eradication.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 266 patients with endoscopically confirmed peptic ulcer disease and H. pylori infection were treated with triple therapy of omeprazole 40 mg (20 mg b.i.d.), clarithromycin 800 mg (400 mg b.i.d.), and tinidazole 1000 mg (500 mg b.i.d.) for 7 days. Endoscopy with gastric biopsy was performed before and 1 month, 6 months, 1.5 years, and 3.5 years after therapy. H. pylori status was determined by H. pylori culture, rapid urease test, and histopathology. 13C-urea breath test was done at 6 months after eradication therapy. Treatment was deemed successful when all tests were negative at 6 months after therapy by endoscopic biopsy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Successful H. pylori eradication was achieved in 262/266 (98.5%) patients with peptic ulcer. Total relapse of peptic ulcer occurred in 8/262 (3%) patients after eradication, with 3/262 (1.1%) occurring within 1.5 years after treatment and 5/262 (1.9%) within 3.5 years. All relapsed patients were found to be H. pylori-positive at the time of relapse. Of the 262 patients who experienced eradication, 20 (7.6%) were subsequently re-infected, six (2.3%) within 1.5 years and 14 (5.3%) within 3.5 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Triple therapy with omeprazole, clarithromycin, and tinidazole (OCT) is useful for H. pylori eradication in Japan, but there is an appreciable re-infection rate in this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan. takafumia-gi@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takafumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ando
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minami
authors.forename: Tomokazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ina
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kusugami
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nobata
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimada
authors.forename: Emad
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El-Omar
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001944:Breath Tests; D017291:Clarithromycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010437:Peptic Ulcer / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D014011:Tinidazole / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D014011:Tinidazole; D017291:Clarithromycin; D009853:Omeprazole