title: Enhancement of the cytotoxicity of titanocene dichloride by aging in organic co-solvent.
abstract: Titanocene dichloride exhibits anti-proliferative activity in a wide spectrum of murine and human tumors. Although it is still unclear as to which species are active in biological media, they all readily deliver Ti(IV) to transferrin, the protein that transports iron in the blood. In this article, we report that aging of the complex in alcohols (namely methanol and ethanol) or dimethyl sulfoxide, the co-solvents used to prepare mother solution of the drug, leads to increased cytotoxic activity (i.e. lower IC(50) values) in HCT116 colon cancer cell lines, to a different extent. The TiCp(2)Cl(2) solvolysis was followed by (1)H NMR, ESI-MS, electrochemical and conductivity measurements, and the intracellular Ti(IV) uptake was evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale Amedeo Avogadro, Spalto Marengo 33, 15100 Alessandria, Italy.
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ravera
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cassino
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Monti
authors.forename: Marzia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gariboldi
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Osella
mesh_terms: D000438:Alcohols; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide; D006801:Humans; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012997:Solvents; D014025:Titanium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D000438:Alcohols; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D012997:Solvents; D014025:Titanium; C020528:titanocene dichloride; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide