title: Binding and phosphorylation of par-4 by akt is essential for cancer cell survival.
abstract: Activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway by loss of tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) function, increased growth factor signaling, or oncogene expression renders cancer cells resistant to apoptotic signals and promotes tumor growth. Although Akt acts as a global survival signal, the molecular circuits of this pathway have not been completely established. We report that Akt physically binds to the pro-apoptotic protein Par-4 via the Par-4 leucine zipper domain and phosphorylates Par-4 to inhibit apoptosis. Suppression of Akt activation by the PI3K-inhibitor PTEN or LY294002, Akt expression by RNA-interference, or Akt function by dominant-negative Akt caused apoptosis in cancer cells. Apoptosis induced by inhibiting Akt was blocked by inhibition of Par-4 expression, but not by inhibition of other apoptosis agonists that are Akt substrates, suggesting that inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway leads to Par-4-dependent apoptosis. Thus, Par-4 is essential for PTEN-inducible apoptosis, and inactivation of Par-4 by Akt promotes cancer cell survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
authors.forename: Anindya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: Ravshan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Burikhanov
authors.forename: Aurelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Thonel
authors.forename: Naoya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Goswami
authors.forename: Yanming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuruo
authors.forename: Vivek M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Rangnekar
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D016350:Leucine Zippers / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000378:metabolism; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; C101296:prostate apoptosis response-4 protein; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; C494929:PTEN protein, human