title: Oral clonidine advances spermatogenesis in oligozoospermic patients with spermatogenetic maturation arrest.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Growth hormone (GH) plays an important role in the pubertal development of males and females, and influences the male reproductive function after puberty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cause of GH deficiency in infertile men with spermatogenetic maturation arrest using the clonidine loading test (GH stimulation test). Based on the results of the loading test, we tried to con fi rm whether clonidine might be usable as a male infertility remedy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 75 infertile men (55 oligozoospermic and 20 azoospermic men) and 25 normal fertile volunteers. We used the oral clonidine (0.15 mg/m2) loading test to evaluate the GH secretory reserve. Histological diagnoses were performed using testicular biopsy and testicular sperm extraction specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most important finding was that the clonidine loading test caused a good response in 41 out of 55 (74.6%) patients with oligozoospermia. We treated these 41 good-response patients with oral clonidine, and the sperm count improved in 34 (82.9%) cases, increasing to 12-79 million/mL. Spontaneous pregnancy was subsequently achieved by 10 (24.4%) couples.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings also suggest that GH is necessary for spermatogenesis, at least for the process of spermatozoa maturation. Oral clonidine therapy improved the sperm count in patients who showed an excessive response to the clonidine loading test.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. teragi@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terada
authors.forename: Kimio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shinbo
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mugiya
authors.forename: Seiichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ozono
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D003000:Clonidine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013091:Spermatogenesis / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D013006:Growth Hormone; D003000:Clonidine