title: The influence of extent of surgical margin positivity on prostate specific antigen recurrence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Positive surgical margins are an adverse prognostic factor in patients undergoing prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The extent of margin positivity varies and its influence on clinical outcome is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the linear extent of margin positivity and the number and location of positive sites as prognostic indicators in a series of prostatectomy specimens evaluated with the whole mount technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty six consecutive margin positive prostatectomy specimens were evaluated, and all pathology data were collected prospectively. The linear extent of margin positivity was measured with an ocular micrometer and the total extent of all positive sites was summed. The total number of sites with positive margins and anatomical sites of the positive margins were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The linear extent of margin positivity ranged from 0.01 to 68 mm (mean, 6.8; median, 3.0) and was associated with prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in univariate logistic regression (p = 0.031). In addition, the extent of margin positivity weakly correlated with preoperative PSA (p = 0.017) and tumour volume (p = 0.013), but not with age, prostate weight, Gleason score, pathological stage, or perineural invasion. The total number of positive sites was significantly higher in patients with PSA recurrence (p = 0.037). The location of the positive margin site was not associated with PSA recurrence. The extent of margin positivity correlated with PSA recurrence in univariate analysis, although it had only marginal predictive value when adjusted for Gleason score (p = 0.076).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The extent of margin positivity correlates with PSA recurrence in univariate analysis, although it has no predictive value independent of Gleason score.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, IN 46202, USA.
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Emerson
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: J K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Daggy
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Juliar
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018365:Neoplasm, Residual; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen