title: CCL5-CCR5 interaction provides antiapoptotic signals for macrophage survival during viral infection.
abstract: Host defense against viruses probably depends on targeted death of infected host cells and then clearance of cellular corpses by macrophages. For this process to be effective, the macrophage must presumably avoid its own virus-induced death. Here we identify one such mechanism. We show that mice lacking the chemokine Ccl5 are immune compromised to the point of delayed viral clearance, excessive airway inflammation and respiratory death after mouse parainfluenza or human influenza virus infection. Virus-inducible levels of Ccl5 are required to prevent apoptosis of virus-infected mouse macrophages in vivo and mouse and human macrophages ex vivo. The protective effect of Ccl5 requires activation of the Ccr5 chemokine receptor and consequent bilateral activation of G(alphai)-PI3K-AKT and G(alphai)-MEK-ERK signaling pathways. The antiapoptotic action of chemokine signaling may therefore allow scavengers to finally stop the host cell-to-cell infectious process.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Tyner
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kajiwara
authors.forename: Edy Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Anand C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Mary P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Walter
authors.forename: Reto A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Schwendener
authors.forename: Donald N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Theodore M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Danoff
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Holtzman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000378:metabolism; D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D016676:Macrophages, Alveolar / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019713:Receptors, CCR5 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010253:Respirovirus Infections; D029082:Sendai virus; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; C503460:Ccl5 protein, mouse; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019713:Receptors, CCR5; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate