title: Validation of the auscultatory method for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Ankle brachial index (ABI) has been shown to be useful in diagnosing peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Ankle systolic blood pressures are measured by a Doppler device; however, general physicians cannot always use it in daily practice. The ausculutatory method (AUS) is an alternative method and quite easy to perform, but has not yet been validated in diagnosing PAD.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To validate AUS for diagnosing PAD based on ABI, compared with Doppler method as gold standard.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study. Study subjects were 119 patients aged 50 years and older, who were consecutively admitted to the division of general internal medicine in two community hospitals in Japan. We measured the systolic blood pressures of the brachial and the posterior tibial arteries by two methods. We calculated the ABI from the systolic blood pressure obtained by these two methods. PAD was considered to be present when ABI </=0.90 by the Doppler method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAD was diagnosed in 22 (18.5%) of 119 patients. Korotkoff sounds of legs were inaudible by AUS in 47 (39.5%) patients. The likelihood ratios for diagnosing PAD patients by AUS were 2.7 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.9) in cases with inaudible Korotkoff sounds, 0.7 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.9) when ABI </=0.9 and 0.09 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.4) when ABI >0.9.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While AUS is not efficient enough to confirm the presence of PAD based on ABI, it could be clinically useful in excluding PAD when ABI >0.90. When measuring ankle blood pressure by AUS in the daily practice, it is important to realise its strengths and weaknesses.
authors.affiliation: St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Mahbubur
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: Rahman
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Musa
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshinaka
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000842:Ankle / Q000098:blood supply*; D001157:Arterial Occlusive Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001314:Auscultation / Q000379:methods*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D001795:Blood Pressure Determination; D001916:Brachial Artery; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016909:Tibial Arteries; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler