title: Chemical component mapping of pulverized toner by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy.
abstract: Toners are micron scale polymer particles constructed of several kinds of resin, pigment, wax, etc. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is used for observation of the dispersion of the component materials in toners, but TEM images cannot identify simultaneously all components. Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) not only provides simultaneous observation of spatial distributions of wax, resin and carbon black in toners, but it also provides detailed, quantitative, chemical information about the wax and resin environments through chemical component maps derived from multiple energy image sequences. The capabilities of STXM for toner analysis are illustrated by results of a study of a toner for black/white copy/print applications.
authors.affiliation: Ricoh Co Ltd, 16-1 Shinnei-cho, Tsuzuki-ku, Yokohama 224-0035, Japan.
authors.forename: Noriyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Iwata
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tani
authors.forename: Atsuyuki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Watada
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ikeura-Sekiguchi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Adam P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hitchcock