title: Increased concentrations of L-lactate in the rectal lumen in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gut ischaemia may contribute to morbidity in patients after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), but little is known about the metabolic state of the large bowel in such patients. Therefore we estimated the concentrations of L-lactate and Pco(2) in rectal mucosa in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with or without the use of CPB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=12) or off-pump CABG (n=10) were subjected to equilibrium dialysis of the rectal lumen during the procedure and in the first 4 h afterwards. Dialysate concentrations of L-lactate and Pco(2) were measured using an auto-analyser and compared with values obtained in healthy subjects (n=10).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During CPB, a 2- to 3-fold increase in luminal concentrations of L-lactate was observed (CABG vs off-pump CABG, P=0.05; CABG vs healthy subjects, P<0.01). The dialysate concentrations of L-lactate were higher than the mean systemic values (luminal-arterial gradient mean (sd) 0.9 (1.0) mmol litre(-1), P<0.05), and the two values were positively correlated (P<0.05). Luminal L-lactate concentrations remained elevated 4 h after the operation. In contrast, dialysate Pco(2) was equally high in patient and control groups and substantially higher than values observed in arterial blood.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Uncomplicated CPB is associated with moderate but sustained increases in luminal concentrations of L-lactate in the rectum, indicating metabolic dysfunction of the mucosa in the large bowel.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark. ap@dadlnet.net
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perner
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Poulsen
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Steinbrüchel
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D047549:Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016343:Monitoring, Intraoperative / Q000379:methods; D010313:Partial Pressure; D012007:Rectum / Q000098:blood supply / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid