title: Glucose production in response to glucagon is comparable in preterm AGA and SGA infants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Low plasma glucose concentrations are more often detected in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) than in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. This is ascribed to impaired glucose production due to presumed lower liver glycogen stores in SGA infants. The change in glucose production induced by glucagon is considered to be an indicator of liver glycogen content. We compared the effect of glucagon on glucose kinetics in preterm AGA and SGA infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 5 AGA and 5 SGA preterm infants (postnatal age: 3-6 days) glucose production and gluconeogenesis were measured using stable isotopes immediately before and for 1 h after a bolus of glucagon.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After glucagon the plasma glucose concentration and glucose production increased significantly over time (P<0.05 and P<0.0001, respectively). The changes were comparable between AGA and SGA infants. Glycogenolysis contributed 75-80% to the increase in glucose production.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in glucose production after glucagon was similar in preterm AGA and SGA infants, and mainly due to an increase in glycogenolysis. Based on the assumption that glycogenolysis is an indicator of liver glycogen content, our data do not support the hypothesis that liver glycogen content is lower in preterm SGA compared to AGA infants after the first postnatal day.
authors.affiliation: Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Netherlands. a.vanKempen@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Anne A M W
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: van Kempen
authors.forename: Mariëtte T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Ackermans
authors.forename: Erik
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Endert
authors.forename: Johanna H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: Hans P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Sauerwein
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005943:Gluconeogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D050261:Glycogenolysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000378:metabolism*; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age / Q000378:metabolism*; D008112:Liver Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008112:Liver Glycogen; D005934:Glucagon; D005947:Glucose