Innate immune response to adenovirus.
Adenovirus is a common infectious pathogen in both children and adults. It is a significant cause of morbidity in immunocompetent people living in crowded living conditions and of mortality in immunocompromised hosts. It has more recently become a popular vehicle for gene therapy applications. The host response to wild-type infection and gene therapy vector exposure involves both the innate and adaptive immune systems. The initial innate immune response is associated with the severe acute manifestations of adenovirus infection and also plays a significant role in acute toxicity owing to adenovirus vector exposure. This review discusses the innate immune response primarily during wild-type adenovirus infection because this serves as the basis for understanding the response during both natural infection and exposure to adenovirus vectors.
Nazir
Shoab A
SA
Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA. jordan-metcalf@ouhsc.edu
Metcalf
Jordan P
JP
D000258:Adenovirus Infections, Human / Q000276:immunology; D000260:Adenoviruses, Human / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000276:immunology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000276:immunology; D023082:Defensins / Q000276:immunology; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000276:immunology; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants / Q000276:immunology; D054804:Cathelicidins
D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D016207:Cytokines; D023082:Defensins; D011663:Pulmonary Surfactants; D054804:Cathelicidins