title: Improving resilience against natural gastrointestinal nematode infections in browsing kids during the dry season in tropical Mexico.
abstract: The objective was to determine the effect of supplementary feeding on the resilience and resistance of Criollo kids against natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infections, when browsing native vegetation during the dry season in tropical Mexico. Thirty-three two-month-old Criollo kids, raised nematode free, were included at weaning in a 20-week trial. The kids were placed into four groups. Two groups of eight kids were offered 100g/day soybean and sorghum meal (26%:74% respectively fresh basis) (treated/supplemented (T-S) and infected/supplemented (I-S)). Two groups remained with no supplement for the duration of the trial (infected/non-supplemented (I-NS) (n=9) and treated/non-supplemented (T-NS) (n=8)). Kids in groups T-S and T-NS were drenched with 0.2mg of moxidectin/kg body weight orally (Cydectin, Fort Dodge) every 28 days. Groups I-S and I-NS were naturally infected with GIN. The animals browsed native vegetation for an average of 7h/day together with a herd of 120 naturally infected adult goats. Cumulative live weight gain (CLWG), packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total plasma protein and plasma albumin were recorded every 14 days as measurements of resilience. Resistance parameters (faecal egg counts (FEC) and peripheral eosinophil counts (PEC)) were also measured. Bulk faecal cultures were made for each group every 28 days. Every month a new pair of initially worm-free tracer kids assessed the infectivity of the vegetation browsed by the animals. Tracer kids and faecal cultures showed that kids faced low mixed infections (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Oesophagostomum columbianum). Under conditions of scarce vegetation, such as those in the present study, supplemented groups (I-S and T-S) had higher growth rates compared to the non-supplemented groups independently of the control of GIN infection with anthelmintic (AH) treatment (P<0.001). Supplementary feeding did not affect FEC or PEC. In the absence of supplementation, lack of AH treatment may lead to outbreaks of clinical nematodosis. The supplementary feeding was economically feasible.
authors.affiliation: Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán. Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. tacosta@tunku.uady.mx
authors.forename: J F J
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Torres-Acosta
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Aguilar-Caballero
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sandoval-Castro
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cob-Galera
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: May-Martínez
mesh_terms: D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D000969:Antinematodal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004032:Diet / Q000191:economics / Q000662:veterinary*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006041:Goats; D006400:Hematocrit / Q000662:veterinary; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006790:Host-Parasite Interactions; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000662:veterinary; D018942:Macrolides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008800:Mexico; D009348:Nematoda / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012621:Seasons; D017206:Strongylida Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000969:Antinematodal Agents; D006454:Hemoglobins; D018942:Macrolides; C027837:moxidectin