title: Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic macular edema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide has been advocated to treat exudative diabetic macular edema. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of an intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide as treatment for diffuse diabetic macular edema.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a retrospective, interventional, clinical case series examining 210 eyes of 174 patients who received an intravitreal injection of 1 or 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide for treatment of diffuse diabetic macular edema. Inclusion criteria were clinically significant macular edema, visual acuity loss, and leakage shown by fluorescein angiography. Main outcome measures were visual acuity and intraocular pressure. Mean follow-up time +/- SD was 6.6 +/- 3.1 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the study group, visual acuity improved significantly (P < 0.001) from a median of 20/200 (mean logMAR, 0.92) at baseline to 20/80 (mean logMAR, 0.82) at 6 months. Mean intraocular pressure +/- SD increased from 15.4 +/- 3.4 mmHg (median, 16 mmHg; range, 6-26 mmHg) to a maximal value of 20.4 +/- 6.2 mmHg (median, 19 mmHg; range, 12-51 mmHg) during the follow-up period. Complications included culture-negative sterile endophthalmitis in six cases and cataract extraction in five eyes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal injection of 1 to 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide may benefit patients by improving visual acuity in eyes with clinically significant diabetic macular edema. This study did not provide significant evidence to justify its routine use in clinical practice for all patients with diabetic macular edema. A randomized clinical trial on this issue would provide more conclusive evidence and help identify those patients most likely to benefit from intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
authors.affiliation: Retina-Vitreous Center, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey--Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA.
authors.forename: Janet J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Chieh
authors.forename: Daniel B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: Mimi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belmont
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Regillo
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Martidis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008269:Macular Edema / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide