title: Recombinant human activated protein C, heparin and melagatran in umbilical cord versus adult plasma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the anticoagulant effects of recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC), unfractionated heparin (UH) and melagatran (a new direct thrombin inhibitor [DTI]), when administered individually and in combinations of rhAPC with either UH or melagatran, in umbilical cord and adult plasma. rhAPC is a promising candidate treatment to improve the outcome of severe sepsis in neonates and adults; the DTI melagatran represents a potential advance in antithrombotic therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anticoagulant efficacy of these drugs was measured using the standard coagulation assays activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administered individually, rhAPC, UH and melagatran dose-dependently prolonged aPTT to a significantly greater extent in umbilical cord than in adult plasma. Melagatran alone, but not rhAPC or UH alone, dose-dependently prolonged the PT in both umbilical cord and adult plasma. Combining rhAPC with either UH or melagatran significantly augmented aPTT prolongation in both umbilical cord and adult plasma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results, which facilitate estimation of rhAPC and melagatran dose requirements in umbilical cord plasma, may be of benefit in critically sick newborns with severe sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Ludwig Boltzmann Research Institute for Paediatric Haemostasis and Thrombosis, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 30, A-8036 Graz, Austria. koestenbergerm@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koestenberger
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cvirn
authors.forename: Siegfried
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gallistl
authors.forename: Joerg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kutschera
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Muntean
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006493:Heparin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011486:Protein C / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D001384:Azetidines; D001596:Benzylamines; D011486:Protein C; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C109573:melagatran; D006493:Heparin; D005998:Glycine