title: High-resolution endoscopy plus chromoendoscopy or narrow-band imaging in Barrett's esophagus: a prospective randomized crossover study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-resolution endoscopy (HRE) may improve the detection of early neoplasia in Barrett's esophagus. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy (ICC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI) may be useful techniques to complement HRE. The aim of this study was to compare HRE-ICC with HRE-NBI for the detection of high-grade dysplasia or early cancer (HGD/EC) in patients with Barrett's esophagus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight patients with Barrett's esophagus underwent HRE-ICC and HRE-NBI (separated by 6 - 8 weeks) in a randomized sequence. The two procedures were performed by two different endoscopists, who were blinded to the findings of the other examination. Targeted biopsies were taken from all detected lesions, followed by four-quadrant biopsies at 2-cm intervals. Biopsy evaluation was supervised by a single expert pathologist, who was blinded to the imaging technique used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fourteen patients were diagnosed with HGD/EC. The sensitivity for HGD/EC was 93 % and 86 % for HRE-ICC and HRE-NBI, respectively. Targeted biopsies had a sensitivity of 79 % with HRE alone. HGD was diagnosed from random biopsies alone in only one patient. ICC and NBI detected a limited number of additional lesions occult to HRE, but these lesions did not alter the sensitivity for identifying patients with HGD/EC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In most patients with high-grade dysplasia or early cancer in Barrett's esophagus, subtle lesions can be identified with high-resolution endoscopy. Indigo carmine chromoendoscopy and narrow-band imaging are comparable as adjuncts to high-resolution endoscopy.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kara
authors.forename: F P
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Rosmolen
authors.forename: K K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Krishnadath
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: ten Kate
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fockens
authors.forename: J J G H
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bergman
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D000368:Aged; D001471:Barrett Esophagus / Q000473:pathology*; D001706:Biopsy; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007203:Indigo Carmine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000473:pathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007203:Indigo Carmine