title: Age-related alterations in the biochemical and functional properties of the bladder in type 2 diabetic GK rats.
abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that experimental type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin causes alterations in the biochemical and functional properties of several receptor systems in the rat bladder. However, the exact mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of voiding dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients is unknown. Because the GK rat is a widely accepted genetically determined rodent model for human type 2 diabetes, we investigated diabetes-induced changes in the bladder smooth muscle of the GK rats at several time points. Male GK rats and age-matched Wistar rats, as controls, were maintained for 4, 8, 16, and 32 weeks. Contractile responses to KCl, carbachol, ATP, and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were measured by using the isolated muscle bath techniques. Acetylcholine (ACh) release induced by EFS from bladder muscle strips was measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a microdialysis procedure. Maximum contractile responses to carbachol and ATP, the release of ACh, and tissue sorbitol levels were similar in bladders from GK and control rats until 8 weeks of age. At 16 weeks of age, however, the contractile responses to carbachol and ATP, and tissue sorbitol levels were increased, and the EFS-induced ACh release was decreased in GK rats compared with controls. Although the maximum contractile responses to EFS were unchanged until 16 weeks of age, they were decreased in 32-week-old GK rats, compared with controls. Our data indicate the presence of age-related alterations in the biochemical and functional properties of the bladder in type 2 diabetic GK rats.
authors.affiliation: Section of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. makoto.yomo@yale.edu
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yono
authors.forename: Jamshid
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Latifpour
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ueda
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000473:pathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000473:pathology; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000378:metabolism; D013311:Streptozocin / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D013012:Sorbitol; D013311:Streptozocin; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D005947:Glucose; D000109:Acetylcholine