title: Hypoxia induces epithelial amphiregulin gene expression in a CREB-dependent manner.
abstract: Hypoxia occurs during a number of conditions in which altered epithelial proliferation is critical, including tumor development. Microarray analysis of colon-derived epithelial cells revealed a hypoxia-dependent increase in the expression of amphiregulin, an EGF receptor (EGFR) ligand that activates epithelial proliferation and has been associated with the development of colonic tumors. Amphiregulin expression was also induced in tissues from mice exposed to whole animal hypoxia. The hypoxic upregulation of amphiregulin was independent of the classic transcriptional response mediated via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha. Transfection of HeLa cells with truncated amphiregulin promoter reporter constructs revealed that a 37-bp segment upstream from the TATA box retained hypoxic sensitivity. This sequence contains an evolutionarily conserved cAMP response element (CRE) that constitutively binds the CRE binding protein (CREB). Deletion of the CRE abolished sensitivity to hypoxia. Thus hypoxia promotes intestinal epithelial amphiregulin expression in a CRE-dependent manner, an event that may contribute to increased proliferation. These data also further support a role for CREB as an HIF-independent hypoxia-responsive transcription factor in the regulation of intestinal epithelial gene expression.
authors.affiliation: UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
authors.forename: Susan M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: O'Reilly
authors.forename: Martin O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Niamh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kieran
authors.forename: Katrina M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Comerford
authors.forename: Eoin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cummins
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pouliot
authors.forename: Sean B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Cormac T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D066258:Amphiregulin; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D000860:Hypoxia; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: C587848:AREG protein, human; D066258:Amphiregulin; C587849:Areg protein, mouse; D017362:Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; D066255:EGF Family of Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; C497442:HIF1A protein, human; D051795:Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins