title: Anopheles arabiensis: abundance and insecticide resistance in an irrigated area of eastern Sudan.
abstract: The abundance of Anopheles arabiensis and its susceptibility to insecticides was studied in New Halfa, eastern Sudan, from March 1999 to June 2000. Of 4854 females anophelines collected, 4847 (99.9%) were An. arabiensis and 7 (0.1%) An. pharoensis. Female An. arabiensis were breeding throughout the year, with 2 peak densities, during the rainy (158.4 females/room/day and 84.7 larvae/10 dips) and irrigated seasons (136.8 females/room/day and 44.8 larvae/10 dips). The mean biting activity was 28.8 bites/person/ night, found throughout the night, mainly outdoors. Susceptibility of An. arabiensis to insecticides dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), malathion and fenitrothion was 97.8%, 96.3% and 100% respectively. An. arabiensis is the sole malaria vector in the area and is perennial rather than seasonal.
authors.affiliation: University of Kassala, Kassala, Sudan.
authors.forename: Y El-S
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Himeidan
authors.forename: M Y
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Dukeen
authors.forename: El-A
authors.initials: el-A
authors.lastname: El-Rayah
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Adam
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles / Q000145:classification / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003634:DDT; D003889:Desert Climate; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005278:Fenitrothion; D006801:Humans; D006813:Humidity; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000469:parasitology / Q000502:physiology*; D007305:Insecticide Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D007306:Insecticides; D008288:Malaria / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000635:transmission; D008294:Malathion; D009032:Mosquito Control / Q000379:methods; D011156:Population Density; D011891:Rain; D012621:Seasons; D013397:Sudan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D014867:Water / Q000469:parasitology*
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D014867:Water; D003634:DDT; D008294:Malathion; D005278:Fenitrothion