title: Positive selection of a pre-expansion CAG repeat of the human SCA2 gene.
abstract: A region of approximately one megabase of human Chromosome 12 shows extensive linkage disequilibrium in Utah residents with ancestry from northern and western Europe. This strikingly large linkage disequilibrium block was analyzed with statistical and experimental methods to determine whether natural selection could be implicated in shaping the current genome structure. Extended Haplotype Homozygosity and Relative Extended Haplotype Homozygosity analyses on this region mapped a core region of the strongest conserved haplotype to the exon 1 of the Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 gene (SCA2). Direct DNA sequencing of this region of the SCA2 gene revealed a significant association between a pre-expanded allele [(CAG)8CAA(CAG)4CAA(CAG)8] of CAG repeats within exon 1 and the selected haplotype of the SCA2 gene. A significantly negative Tajima's D value (-2.20, p < 0.01) on this site consistently suggested selection on the CAG repeat. This region was also investigated in the three other populations, none of which showed signs of selection. These results suggest that a recent positive selection of the pre-expansion SCA2 CAG repeat has occurred in Utah residents with European ancestry.
authors.affiliation: Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
authors.forename: Fuli
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Pardis C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sabeti
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hardenbol
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Xiuhua
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Sy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ghose
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vega
authors.forename: Ag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perez
authors.forename: Shiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pasternak
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Leal
authors.forename: Thomas D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Willis
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belmont
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Gibbs
mesh_terms: D000067528:Ataxins; D001483:Base Sequence; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002881:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; D005060:Europe / Q000208:ethnology; D005091:Exons; D005787:Gene Frequency; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D012641:Selection, Genetic; D013132:Spinocerebellar Degenerations / Q000235:genetics*; D018911:Trinucleotide Repeats; D014589:Utah; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000067528:Ataxins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins