Retinoic acid signaling affects cortical synchrony during sleep.
Delta oscillations, characteristic of the electroencephalogram (EEG) of slow wave sleep, estimate sleep depth and need and are thought to be closely linked to the recovery function of sleep. The cellular mechanisms underlying the generation of delta waves at the cortical and thalamic levels are well documented, but the molecular regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here we demonstrate in the mouse that the gene encoding the retinoic acid receptor beta determines the contribution of delta oscillations to the sleep EEG. Thus, retinoic acid signaling, which is involved in the patterning of the brain and dopaminergic pathways, regulates cortical synchrony in the adult.
Maret
Stéphanie
S
Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Génopode, 1015 Lausanne-Dorigny, Switzerland.
Franken
Paul
P
Dauvilliers
Yves
Y
Ghyselinck
Norbert B
NB
Chambon
Pierre
P
Tafti
Mehdi
M
D000818:Animals; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D003700:Delta Rhythm; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015870:Gene Expression; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000378:metabolism*
D018168:Receptors, Retinoic Acid; C082925:retinoic acid receptor beta; D014212:Tretinoin