title: Perceptions of supportive communication in Chinese patients with cancer: experiences and expectations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports the findings of a study exploring the experiences and expectations of patients with cancer of supportive communication in the context of Chinese culture.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Patients with cancer experience psychological distress, particularly in the initial period after diagnosis. Supportive communication can positively affect their psychological adjustment. Previous studies have reported the functions, contents, types and sources of informational support for patients with cancer in Western studies, but patients from different cultural backgrounds who have cancer might have different preferences in seeking support.
  
  
  METHODS
  Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a convenience sample of 20 Chinese patients with cancer during 2002. Content analysis was used to identify themes within the data.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Chinese patients with cancer have a substantial need to receive informational and emotional support during the period of their hospitalization. Their support networks include doctors, nurses, family members, relatives and fellow patients. The expectations of support from different sources varied according to the nature of the relationship between patients with cancer and providers of support. Patients were active in seeking information and they perceived communication with doctors, nurses and fellow patients as beneficial. Most would only express emotional needs to their close family members and did not expect healthcare professionals to provide emotional support. However, interviewees perceived the caring behaviours of nurses and the emotional support of fellow patients as two important sources of support.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For Chinese patients, coping with illness and misfortune is largely a private and family affair, and most of them did not expect nurses to meet their emotional needs. Nurses should be aware of the type, timing and source of supportive communication that Chinese patients find valuable. This will help them to provide the appropriate support to meet patients' needs.
authors.affiliation: School of Nursing, Capital University of Medical Sciences, You An Men, Beijing, PR China. Liujune66@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Jun-E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002681:China; D003142:Communication; D003469:Culture; D004644:Emotions; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology*; D009723:Nurse-Patient Relations; D010348:Patient Care Team; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000379:methods; D012944:Social Support; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000451:nursing / Q000523:psychology