title: Syncope following cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with spontaneous syncopal monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to determine the incidence, mechanisms, and time to syncope recurrence in patients with spontaneous syncopal monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SyMVT) treated with an implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Incidence and causes of syncope following ICD implantation in consecutive patients (n=26) with spontaneous SyMVT were compared with those found in consecutive patients (n=50) with spontaneous non-syncopal monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (NSyMVT). Patients with SyMVT had a higher incidence of syncope (46% patients) than those with NSyMVT (2% patients) at 31+/-21 and 34+/-23 months follow-up, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.04-0.42; P=0.0001). Among the former, four patients (15%) had non-arrhythmic syncope and eight patients had arrhythmic syncope (31%), which was associated with either ICD proarrhythmia (seven episodes of VT acceleration or VF degeneration by ATP or low/high-energy shocks in three patients) or spontaneous VT and VF (five episodes in five patients). Median time to the first arrhythmic syncope was 376 days. Arrhythmic syncope presented after a first non-syncopal VT recurrence in six patients (75%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Syncope following ICD implantation is common in patients with SyMVT in contrast to patients with NSyMVT. Late syncope presentation supports reassessment of driving restrictions in this setting.
authors.affiliation: Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Cardiology Division, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain.
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abello
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Merino
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Peinado
authors.forename: Mariana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gnoatto
authors.forename: Miguel A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Arias
authors.forename: Mar
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Vasserot
authors.forename: José A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Sobrino
mesh_terms: D015331:Cohort Studies; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D013575:Syncope / Q000209:etiology*; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors