title: The survival advantage of patients with cystic fibrosis diagnosed through neonatal screening: evidence from the United States Cystic Fibrosis Foundation registry data.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of age and condition at the time of diagnosis on survival of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF).
  
  
  METHODS
  By mode of diagnosis, 27,692 patients documented in the 1986-2000 CF Foundation Registry were segregated into meconium ileus (MI), prenatal or neonatal screening (SCREEN), positive family history only (FH), and symptoms other than MI (SYMPTOM). Patients in the MI, SCREEN, and SYMPTOM groups were further categorized by initial presenting symptoms into combined respiratory symptoms and malnutrition (RESP + NUTR), RESP, NUTR, other less common symptoms (OTHER), and OTHER + RESP/NUTR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-five percent of patients in the SCREEN group and 59% of patients in the MI group were diagnosed within age 1 month, as contrasted with 5% in patients in the SYMPTOM group (P < .001). Compared with patients in the SCREEN group, patients in the MI and SYMPTOM groups had significantly greater risks of shortened survival. Patients in the SYMPTOM group presenting with RESP + NUTR had significantly greater risk of shortened survival than the SCREEN group (P < .05). Survival of patients in the SYMPTOM group diagnosed "early," that is, within 1 month of age, did not differ from patients in the SCREEN group but was significantly better than patients in the SYMPTOM group diagnosed beyond age 1 month to 10 years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early diagnosis through screening is associated with better survival compared with delayed diagnosis through non-MI symptoms beyond the age of 1 month.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706-1562, USA. lai@nutrisci.wisc.edu
authors.forename: Huichuan J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Philip M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Farrell
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015988:Cohort Effect; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000628:therapy; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012042:Registries; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology