title: [Infantile esotropia: comparison of surgery results when the intervention takes place before or after 30 months of age].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Present and compare surgery results of children with congenital or infantile esotropia, who had surgery before or after 30 months of age, in the Rouen Department of Ophthalmology between 1996 and 2000.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study included 37 patients, 23 females and 14 males, 19 in the first group who had surgery before 30 months at an average age of 24 months (15-30) and 18 in the second group who had surgery after 30 months at an average age of 56 months (38-81). Hypermetropia was found up to 2 diopters for 14 of 19 patients in the first group and 13 of 18 in the second. We noted the surgical procedure. We compared pre- and postoperative amblyopia as well as pre- and postoperative objective deviations at near and distance ranges. The exclusion criteria were follow-up for less than 3 months, esotropia emergence after 12 months of age, children aged more than 7 years at the first surgery, and children with central nervous system disorders. Finally, esthetic aspect, postoperative distance and near sensory results were evaluated. Success was defined by orthotropic position, esotropia less than 15 prism diopters, or consecutive exotropia less than 10 prism diopters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean follow-up after surgery was 30 months (3-56) for the first group and 28 months (3-67) for the second. Motor results were similar between the two groups: we found 10 out of 19 successes (esotropia (E(T)) less than 15 diopters (D) or exotropia (X(T)) less than 10 D) in the first group, and 15 out of 18 successes in the second group. There were 3 out of 19 failures (E(T) more than 20 D or X(T) more than 15 D) in the first group and 3 out of 18 in the second. Hypermetropia and preoperative deviation were not significantly different for good or bad motor results (p<0.05). A second-step surgery was performed for two children in the first group and three in the second group, and one of the three children of the second group had a third step. Sensory results were very similar with 6 of 19 cases achieving binocular union in the first group and 7 of 18 in the second one. Finally, one patient from each group presented amblyopia after surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study, as in the literature, infantile esotropia surgery can result in excellent motor alignment, while sensory results are not as good. It appears in our study that there is no significant advantage in performing surgery before 30 months for infantile esotropia. The follow-up of our patients may have been insufficient, and our definition of the semi-early surgery (before 30 months) was already too late in comparison with other studies (less than 24 months).
authors.affiliation: Service d'Ophtalmologie, CHU Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France. vasseneix@hotmail.com
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vasseneix
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Retout
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ducrotte
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brasseur
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004948:Esotropia / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome