title: Immediate and delayed effects of E-cadherin inhibition on gene regulation and cell motility in human epidermoid carcinoma cells.
abstract: The invasion suppressor protein, E-cadherin, plays a central role in epithelial cell-cell adhesion. Loss of E-cadherin expression or function in various tumors of epithelial origin is associated with a more invasive phenotype. In this study, by expressing a dominant-negative mutant of E-cadherin (Ec1WVM) in A431 cells, we demonstrated that specific inhibition of E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesion led to the genetic reprogramming of tumor cells. In particular, prolonged inhibition of cell-cell adhesion activated expression of vimentin and repressed cytokeratins, suggesting that the effects of Ec1WVM can be classified as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Both short-term and prolonged expression of Ec1WVM resulted in morphological transformation and increased cell migration though to different extents. Short-term expression of Ec1WVM up-regulated two AP-1 family members, c-jun and fra-1, but was insufficient to induce complete mesenchymal transition. AP-1 activity induced by the short-term expression of Ec1WVM was required for transcriptional up-regulation of AP-1 family members and down-regulation of two other Ec1WVM-responsive genes, S100A4 and igfbp-3. Using a dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun (TAM67) and RNA interference-mediated silencing of c-Jun and Fra-1, we demonstrated that AP-1 was required for cell motility stimulated by the expression of Ec1WVM. In contrast, Ec1WVM-mediated changes in cell morphology were AP-1-independent. Our data suggest that mesenchymal transition induced by prolonged functional inhibition of E-cadherin is a slow and gradual process. At the initial step of this process, Ec1WVM triggers a positive autoregulatory mechanism that increases AP-1 activity. Activated AP-1 in turn contributes to Ec1WVM-mediated effects on gene expression and tumor cell motility. These data provide novel insight into the tumor suppressor function of E-cadherin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mejlvang
authors.forename: Shaukat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mahmood
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gromova
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gromov
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lukanidin
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kriajevska
authors.forename: J Kilian
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Mellon
authors.forename: Eugene
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tulchinsky
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D015820:Cadherins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D009154:Mutation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D034622:RNA Interference; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D015820:Cadherins; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D066246:ErbB Receptors