title: Cyclodextrin polysulphates repress IL-1 and promote the accumulation of chondrocyte extracellular matrix.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the influence of cyclodextrin polysulphate (CDPS) on the extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism of human articular cartilage chondrocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Isolated chondrocytes from femoral condyle cartilage of human knee joints were cultured in gelled alginate to maintain their differentiated phenotype. During 1 week of culture, the cells were exposed to different concentrations of CDPS. Synthesis of aggrecans was investigated in these cultures after using Na(2)(35)SO(4) as a radioactive precursor during the last 24h of culture. The artificial matrix was then solubilised with Na-citrate and newly synthesised aggrecan aggregates, accumulated during culture, were liberated and assayed. The isolated chondrocytes were labelled with antibodies against aggrecan and type II collagen to analyse the ECM molecules in the cell-associated matrix (CAM). Plasma membrane levels of receptors for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1RI) and for interleukin-1 (IL-1RI and IL-1RII), as well as levels of IGF-1, IL-1alpha and -beta were determined after the cells had been permeabilized and stained with the appropriate antibodies. The release of IL-6 in the culture media was used as a variable reflecting auto/paracrine IL-1 activity of the cells in different experimental conditions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CDPS significantly increased total (35)S-incorporation rates in ECM aggrecan. When compared with controls, CDPS-treated chondrocytes expressed significantly higher CAM aggrecan and type II collagen levels. As plasma membrane-bound IGFR1 and intracellular IGF-1 levels remained unchanged, this increase in accumulated CAM compounds may have resulted from suppressed catabolic activities by the chondrocytes in culture. CDPS-treated cells expressed significantly lower amounts of intracellular IL-1alpha and -beta levels. Plasma membrane-bound IL-1RI and decoy IL-1RII remained unchanged. beta-cyclodextrin-treated chondrocytes released significantly less IL-6 in the supernatant culture media.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CDPS is a novel polysulfated polysaccharide showing cartilage structure modifying effects in vitro as it improves the synthesis of aggrecan and the accumulation of CAM macromolecules. This effect probably resulted in part from the downregulation of IL-1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verdonk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Groeneboer
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Broddelez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Elewaut
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Veys
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Verbruggen
mesh_terms: D053674:Aggrecans; D019898:Autocrine Communication / Q000276:immunology; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D024043:Collagen Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D003505:Cyclodextrins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000096:biosynthesis; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D053674:Aggrecans; D024043:Collagen Type II; D003505:Cyclodextrins; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D015850:Interleukin-6; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D011509:Proteoglycans; D017526:Receptor, IGF Type 1