title: Carbon dioxide-enhanced sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for sonographically undetectable hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: A 73-year-old man was diagnosed as having hepatitis C virus-related liver cirrhosis 11 years ago. Two years ago, he developed hepatocellular carcinoma in segment 6 of the right lobe and received radiofrequency ablation. This time, he was admitted to our hospital with a local recurrence in segment 6 of the liver. Standard sonography could not visualize the lesion clearly. However, carbon dioxide-enhanced sonogram clearly showed the whole lesion, so a needle electrode could be inserted precisely, allowing safe and accurate radiofrequency ablation. By combining radiofrequency ablation with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, complete tumor necrosis was achieved without the need to perform additional ablation. In conclusion, carbon dioxide-enhanced sonographically guided radiofrequency ablation combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is useful for complete cure of localized tumors, such as recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, which cannot be detected clearly by conventional sonography.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan. ohmotok@med.kawasaki-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohmoto
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomiyama
authors.forename: Norikuni
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawase
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuboki
authors.forename: Shinichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D017115:Catheter Ablation; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide