title: A multi-biomarker analysis of DNA damage in automobile painters.
abstract: The genotoxic effects associated with automobile painting were analyzed using a panel of biomarkers. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), and micronuclei were evaluated in 25 car painters (12 smokers, 13 nonsmokers) working in different automobile paint-shops in Italy and in 37 control subjects. The controls were healthy blood donors (14 smokers, 23 non-smokers) that were matched with the experimental population for gender and age. Air samples were analyzed regularly at the work places, and elevated concentrations of benzene and toluene were detected consistently. The exposed group had higher frequencies of CAs (both chromosome- and chromatid-type), micronuclei, and SCE (P < 0.5 - P < 0.001). Furthermore, exposed and control subjects were also genotyped for GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphism. No significant associations were detected between the biomarker responses and either the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotype of the subjects, but the small sample size does not allow definite conclusions on the relationship between the genetic polymorphism and the biomarkers. The results indicate that automobile painters have increased levels of clastogenic and possible aneugenic damage and that smoking may be a confounding factor for the responses.
authors.affiliation: Section of Toxicology and Biomedical Sciences, ENEA CR Casaccia, Rome, Italy. antonella.testa@casaccia.enea.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Testa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Festa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ranaldi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giachelia
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tirindelli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Marco
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owczarek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Guidotti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cozzi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001336:Automobiles; D001554:Benzene / Q000737:chemistry; D015415:Biomarkers; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000187:drug effects*; D004247:DNA / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006720:Homozygote; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D007558:Italy; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D015162:Micronucleus Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000737:chemistry; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange; D012907:Smoking; D014050:Toluene / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001554:Benzene; D015415:Biomarkers; D004247:DNA; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D009153:Mutagens; D014050:Toluene; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1