title: Redo minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Conventional redo coronary artery bypass grafting is associated with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity as a result of manipulation of patent grafts, mediastinitis, and the presence of pericardial adhesions. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting may be an alternative approach in selected patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1997 to October 2003, 46 patients (mean age, 66 +/- 7.4 years) underwent minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting using the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending artery on the beating heart as a reoperation. Patients after previous cardiac operation by means of median sternotomy without use of the left internal thoracic artery presenting with a significant left anterior descending artery stenosis ("culprit lesion") were included. Predicted mortality was 13.6% (range, 2.4% to 72.8%) as calculated by the logistic Euroscore; ejection fraction was 0.531 (range, 0.14 to 0.81). Surgical results were analyzed for mortality, morbidity, duration of the procedure, hospital stay, and event-free survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean operating time was 103 +/- 34 minutes. There were two in-hospital deaths (4.6%), one for malignant ventricular arrhythmia (Euroscore, 60.9%) and the second as a result of severe gastrointestinal bleeding (Euroscore, 29.2%). One patient (2.3%) was successfully reoperated on because of perianastomotic hematoma using the same approach after 6 days. Patients were discharged after 9.4 +/- 2.6 days. There were no other serious adverse events, no stroke, and no myocardial infarction. During follow-up (37 +/- 21 months, complete in 92.1%), 1 patient experienced angina and 6 patients died. The actuarial 4-year survival is 74.8% (95% confidence interval, 51% to 92%), and the actuarial 4-year event-free survival including freedom from angina, major adverse cardiac events, and reintervention is 81% (95% confidence interval, 54% to 97%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting can be considered as an alternative approach for redo coronary artery bypass grafting in selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heartcenter, University of Leipzig, Germany. stjacobs@aol.com
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holzhey
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walther
authors.forename: Volkmar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Falk
authors.forename: Friedrich W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012086:Reoperation / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome