title: Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs.
abstract: Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicate efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Dubovi
authors.forename: William L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Castleman
authors.forename: Iain
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stephenson
authors.forename: E P J
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Gibbs
authors.forename: Limei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Richard C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ferro
authors.forename: Justine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pompey
authors.forename: Rick A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bright
authors.forename: Marie-Jo
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Calvin M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Christopher W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Nancy J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: Alexander I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Klimov
authors.forename: Jacqueline M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Ruben O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Donis
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019943:Amino Acid Substitution; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002460:Cell Line; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000635:transmission* / Q000821:virology*; D004285:Dogs; D005431:Florida / Q000453:epidemiology; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000635:transmission / Q000821:virology*; D006736:Horses; D053123:Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary* / Q000821:virology; D010802:Phylogeny; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000473:pathology; D017423:Sequence Analysis, RNA; D013045:Species Specificity; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D017201:Virus Shedding
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D019267:Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus