title: Association between school performance, breast milk intake and fatty acid profile of serum lipids in ten-year-old cleft children.
abstract: The fatty acid profiles of serum lipids were examined in 53 ten-year-old cleft children. The children presented with different cleft types (cleft lip, cleft lip and palate, isolated cleft palate and submucuous cleft palate) and were recruited from the Finnish Cleft Center. We also studied associations between serum lipid fatty acids and early breast milk intake, cognitive development in terms of preschool language learning and school achievement. The fatty acid profiles of serum lipids did not differ between boys and girls. The proportion of myristic acid in serum cholesteryl esters (CE) was higher and proportion of nervonic acid in phospholipids (PL) lower in children with isolated palatal clefts than in those with submucuous clefts. Out of the present children, 30% and 60% received breast milk less than 1 or 3 months, respectively. The proportions of docosahexaenoic acid in CE and in PL were significantly higher in the children whose breast milk intake was longer than 3 months. The number of children requiring special education was higher among those who received breast milk less than 1 month than among those with longer breast milk intake. In conclusion, the fatty acid profiles of serum lipids seem to be comparable among children with different cleft types. Short breast milk intake was associated with poorer school performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. arja.erkkila@uku.fi
authors.forename: Arja T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Erkkilä
authors.forename: Elina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Isotalo
authors.forename: Joonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pulkkinen
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Haapanen
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002648:Child; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology; D002663:Child Language; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000097:blood; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids / Q000097:blood; D004519:Education, Special; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000097:blood*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019814:Myristic Acid / Q000097:blood; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000097:blood; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002788:Cholesterol Esters; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; D010743:Phospholipids; D019814:Myristic Acid; D004281:Docosahexaenoic Acids; C013147:nervonic acid