title: Role of hematotoxicity and sex in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma: an analysis from the German Hodgkin Study Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Several scores have described sex as a prognostic factor in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). However, little is known how sex-specific factors influence treatment outcome. We systematically investigated sex differences with regard to pretreatment characteristics and therapy-related variables, and examined their influence on the outcome of HL patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This analysis comprises 4,626 HL patients of all prognostic risk groups who were enrolled onto the multicenter studies HD4 to HD9 of the German Hodgkin Study Group. At 5.5 years, 2,050 female and 2,576 male patients were analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Male and female patients had similar prognostic factors. There was more acute chemotherapy-related hematotoxicity in women, especially more severe leucopenia (WHO grade 3/4, 69.9% female and 55.2% male; P < .0001). Importantly, this did not translate into more infections. Female patients had similar response rates but fewer relapses and deaths, leading to a significantly better freedom from treatment failure (FFTF; at 66 months, 81% female [95% CI, 79% to 82%] and 74% male [95% CI, 72% to 76%]). Severe leucopenia during chemotherapy was strongly associated with better FFTF, both for males and females. In addition, when only those patients who developed severe leucopenia within the first two cycles of chemotherapy were included, the factor maintained its protective role.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The protective role of severe leucopenia suggests the testing of a more individualized therapy. In future trials, this therapy may be tailored in a response-adapted manner depending on the individual toxicity profile within the first cycles.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Germany.
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Klimm
authors.forename: Thorsten
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Reineke
authors.forename: Heinz
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haverkamp
authors.forename: Karolin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Behringer
authors.forename: Hans T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Eich
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Josting
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pfistner
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Diehl
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Engert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012737:Sex Factors