title: Hydrogen peroxide stimulates proliferation and migration of human prostate cancer cells through activation of activator protein-1 and up-regulation of the heparin affin regulatory peptide gene.
abstract: It is becoming increasingly recognized that hydrogen peroxide (HP) plays a role in cell proliferation and migration. In the present study we found that exogenous HP significantly induced human prostate cancer LNCaP cell proliferation and migration. Heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP) seems to be involved in the stimulatory effect of HP, because the latter had no effect on stably transfected LNCaP cells that did not express HARP. Moreover, HP significantly increased HARP mRNA and protein amounts in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Curcumin and activator protein-1 (AP-1) decoy oligonucleotides abrogated both HP-induced HARP expression and LNCaP cell proliferation and migration. HP increased luciferase activity of the 5'-flanking region of the HARP gene introduced in a reporter gene vector, an effect that was abolished when even one of the two putative AP-1 binding sites of the HARP promoter was mutated. The effect of HP seems to be due to the binding of Fra-1, JunD, and phospho-c-Jun to the HARP promoter. These results support the notion that HARP is important for human prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, establish the role of AP-1 in the up-regulation of HARP expression by low concentrations of HP, and characterize the AP-1 dimers involved.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras, GR26504 Patras, Greece.
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Polytarchou
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hatziapostolou
authors.forename: Evangelia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D003474:Curcumin / Q000494:pharmacology; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000235:genetics; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D021122:Protein Subunits / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D016207:Cytokines; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D021122:Protein Subunits; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; C066845:pleiotrophin; D004247:DNA; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D008156:Luciferases; D003474:Curcumin