title: Elemental analysis of urinary calculi by laser induced plasma spectroscopy.
abstract: Laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS) has been applied to analyse and identify elemental constituents of urinary calculi. Measurements on seven different urinary stone samples were conducted and the concentrations of some key elemental species were estimated. The elements detected with the present system were: Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Samarium, Potassium and Lead. Absolute concentrations of the species were derived from pre-calibration of the system for each element. Their concentrations were found to be widely different in different samples. It was observed that the samples containing a significant amount of lead have large proportion of calcium. It has been established that LIPS would allow real time clinic measurements of elemental contents and the concentrations in the biomaterials without sample preparation. The technique has the potential for routine clinic applications in urological disorder diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, RMCS, DEOS, The Defence Academy of the UK, Cranfield University, SN6 8LA Wiltshire, Shrivenham, UK.
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: S Rafi
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: Mike
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Syed
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis; D008673:Metals, Alkaline Earth / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D008673:Metals, Alkaline Earth; D007854:Lead; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium