title: Muscle biopsies show that FES of denervated muscles reverses human muscle degeneration from permanent spinal motoneuron lesion.
abstract: This paper presents biopsy analyses in support of the clinical evidence of muscle recovery induced by a new system of life-long functional-electrical-stimulation (FES) training in permanent spinal-motoneuron-denervated human muscle. Not earlier than 1 year after subjects experienced complete conus cauda lesion, their thigh muscles were electrically stimulated at home for several years with large skin surface electrodes and an expressly designed stimulator that delivered much longer impulses than those presently available for clinical use. The poor excitability of long-term denervated muscles was first improved by several months of twitch-contraction training. Then, the muscles were tetanically stimulated against progressively increased loads. Needle biopsies of vastus lateralis from long-term denervated subjects showed severe myofiber atrophy or lipodystrophy beginning 2 years after spinal cord injury (SCI). Muscle biopsies from a group of 3.6- to 13.5-year denervated subjects, who underwent 2.4 to 9.3 years of FES, show that this progressive training almost reverted long-term muscle atrophy/degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrostimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine, Wilhelminenspital. A-1171 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kern
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossini
authors.forename: Ugo
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Carraro
authors.forename: Winfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogelauer
authors.forename: Ursula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hoellwarth
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016472:Motor Neuron Disease / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology*; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000150:complications*