title: Effect of stress on the voluntary intake of a sweetened ethanol solution in pair-housed adolescent and adult rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Data regarding the effects of stressors on ethanol intake are mixed. Previous experiments reporting greater voluntary intake of ethanol in adolescent than adult rats have examined intake in isolate-housed animals. Given that the stress of isolate housing may differ ontogenetically as well as confound interpretation of other stressor effects, the present study examined stressor/ethanol interactions among pair-housed adolescent and adult rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley male rats were implanted with identification tags that allowed individual monitoring of home cage intake of water and either a 10% (v/v) ethanol solution containing 0.1% (w/v) saccharin or saccharin alone over a 14-day access period. Animals were given zero, one, or eight daily 15-min footshock sessions, with shock-induced freezing and pre-, post-, and recovery corticosterone levels determined on the first and last footshock exposure days. After the access period, withdrawal was assessed with a plus maze, and tolerance to ethanol-induced loss of righting reflex was examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonstressed adolescents drank considerably more sweetened ethanol than did adults, with chronic stress suppressing this adolescent consumption. Ethanol access in adolescents disrupted within-session adaptation to footshock in terms of freezing behavior, although no such disruption was evident at either age when indexed hormonally. Despite relatively high ethanol intakes (up to 6 g/kg/day in the adolescents), no evidence for withdrawal-associated anxiogenesis emerged. Evidence for tolerance was mixed and, to the extent that it was present, was metabolic in nature.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Previous reports of heightened voluntary ethanol intake among adolescent rats are not a function of isolate stress but are evident in pair-housed animals. Adolescents were more sensitive to ethanol/stress interactions than were adults, with the elevated ethanol intake of pair-housed adolescents selectively disrupted by chronic stress, a stress-induced disruption not evident in adults. Likewise, ethanol disrupted behavioral adaptation to the footshock stressor among adolescents but not adults.
authors.affiliation: Center for Developmental Psychobiology, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902-6000, USA.
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Brunell
authors.forename: Linda P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Spear
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology*; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood; D005615:Freezing; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012439:Saccharin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000523:psychology*
chemical_list: D012439:Saccharin; D003345:Corticosterone