title: Sonographic assessment of the normal limits and percentile curves of liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions in healthy school-aged children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the normal standards of liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions and the relationship of each with sex, age, body weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area in healthy school-aged children.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven hundred twelve healthy school-aged children (7-15 years) in 2 neighboring cities, including rural areas and city centers, were evaluated prospectively. Sex, age, weight, height, body mass index, and body surface area were determined for each case. Organ dimensions were measured 3 times, and the mean values were recorded. All measured organs had a normal position, shape, and echo texture. The children were separated into 5 groups according to body weight.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in organ dimensions with respect to sex (P > .05). The mean right kidney length was shorter than the left kidney length, and the difference was significant (P = .009). Body weight showed the best correlation with liver, spleen, and kidney dimensions. The results were also supported by the variance and covariance of the correlation coefficients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The normal limits of the liver, spleen, and kidneys are important parameters during a sonographic examination. This study revealed that organ dimensions showed the best correlation with body weight. To our knowledge, in clinical practice there are no pediatric organ dimension percentile graphs for interpretation of sonographic examinations. We hope this study contributes to daily practice in radiology clinics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Duzce School of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Konuralp 81620, Duzce, Turkey. alpalpersafak@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Alp Alper
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Safak
authors.forename: Enver
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Simsek
authors.forename: Talat
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bahcebasi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000375:Aging; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001827:Body Height; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001830:Body Surface Area; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D013154:Spleen / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014463:Ultrasonography