title: Stabilization and improved in vivo performance of amorphous etoricoxib using Gelucire 50/13.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Amorphous drugs have gained importance because of their advantageous biopharmaceutical properties; however, their stabilization remains a challenge. The purpose of this work was to stabilize the amorphous form of etoricoxib (ET) by using a low excipient/drug ratio to improve drug dissolution and thus bioavailability.
  
  
  METHODS
  The effect of Gelucire and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on stabilization and bioavailability of amorphous etoricoxib (AET) was studied. X-ray powder diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the physical state of the drug. Dissolution studies were performed for melt granules of AET with Gelucire 50/13 (MG-AET) and solid dispersion with PVP (SDP) to differentiate dissolution performance. A stability study on samples was conducted for 3 months to evaluate the physical state of the drug and its dissolution in the formulation. The in vivo performance of the optimized and stable formulation of ET was evaluated in rat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dissolution of MG-AET was significantly improved as compared to AET and SDP. Both factors, amorphization of drug and melt granulation with lipid, seemed to be important for improving dissolution. Stability data revealed that MG-AET was significantly advantageous for AET stabilization, whereas PVP was not. The amount of Gelucire required for the stabilization of one part of AET was 0.5 part (by weight), whereas even 1.5 part (by weight) of PVP failed to elicit the same result. The superior in vivo performance of MG-AET has been attributed to the altered physiochemical properties of AET and the presence of lipid in the system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Gelucire can stabilize AET and improve its biopharmaceutical performance at a low excipient/drug ratio and may provide a better alternative to conventional stabilizers such as PVP.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutics, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane Pune, 411 038, Maharashtra, India.
authors.forename: Shamkant L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Shimpi
authors.forename: Bhaskar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chauhan
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Mahadik
authors.forename: Anant
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paradkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004355:Drug Stability; D000077613:Etoricoxib; D005223:Fats / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009821:Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011725:Pyridines / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D051381:Rats; D013450:Sulfones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D005223:Fats; D009821:Oils; D011725:Pyridines; D013450:Sulfones; C071184:Gelucire 50-13; D000077613:Etoricoxib