title: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of the effect of theophylline in prevention of vasomotor nephropathy in very preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Vasomotor nephropathy is a common renal dysfunction in very preterm neonates.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether theophylline could prevent vasomotor nephropathy in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial of 50 preterm infants of gestational age < or = 32 weeks needing assisted ventilation. Infants received an intravenous dose of theophylline (1 mg/kg) or placebo for three days. The 24 hour urine volume was measured daily. On days 2, 5, and 11, blood samples and 12 hour urine collections were analysed for electrolytes, creatinine, and urea.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On day 1, urine output was significantly higher in the theophylline (2.4 (0.9) ml/kg/h) than the placebo (1.6 (1.0) ml/kg/h; p = 0.023) group (values are mean (SD)). The incidence of oligoanuria was significantly lower in the theophylline treated (5%) than the placebo (33%) group. Twenty four hours after the first administration of theophylline/placebo, serum creatinine concentration was significantly lower in the theophylline (0.76 (0.23) mg/dl) than the placebo (1.0 (0.41) mg/dl; p = 0.025) group. On day 5 an increase in serum creatinine was observed in both groups. On day 11 a significant reduction in serum creatinine was observed, compared with day 5, with no difference between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that, in very preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome, early theophylline administration improves renal function during the first two days of life.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cattarelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Spandrio
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gasparoni
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bottino
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Offer
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chirico
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000150:complications*; D013806:Theophylline / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014554:Urination / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014666:Vasomotor System / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D013806:Theophylline