title: Expression of CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 in benign and malignant breast lesions: correlation and colocalization with hyaluronan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the expression of CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 in breast lesions, and to correlate it with the expression of hyaluronan (HA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD 44 expression was studied in 75 breast tissue samples, consisting of benign, premalignant and malignant breast lesions, using immunohistochemistry. CD 44 s, but not CD 44 v 3 or CD 44 v 6, was found in the stromal cells, and it was similar in benign and malignant tumours. In benign lesions CD 4 v 6 was detected in 20-30% of the ductal epithelial cells, while C 44 v 3 and CD 44 s were not expressed. CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 were all up-regulated in the in situ carcinomas and invasive carcinomas. The level of CD 44 expression in carcinoma cells did not correlate with the type or differentiation of the tumours. CD 44 and HA expression levels were not closely linked in the benign or malignant breast lesions, because HA was overexpressed later in breast cancer progression than CD 44. However, in breast carcinomas CD 44 and HA positivity was often found in the same areas of the sections, and the dual staining confirmed actual colocalization of CD 44 s and HA in the same cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CD 44 s, CD 44 v 3 and CD 44 v 6 are up-regulated earlier than HA in breast carcinoma progression, and in later stages they often colocalize with cell surface HA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Auvinen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tammi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tammi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: V-M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Kosma
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors / Q000378:metabolism*; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D007150:Immunohistochemistry
chemical_list: D018960:Hyaluronan Receptors; D006820:Hyaluronic Acid