title: Verrucous carcinoma of the scalp associated with human papillomavirus type 33.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is a low-grade, well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or mucosae, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been considered to be one of the causative factors of VC at three main sites, including the oral cavity, the genitoanal region, and the foot. However, the relationship between cutaneous VC at other sites and HPV infection remains obscure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We describe a rare case of cutaneous VC originating in a burn scar on the scalp and our attempt to find HPV infection in the lesion.
  
  
  METHODS
  We investigated the presence of HPV by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms and immunohistochemical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HPV type 33 was detected in the lesion, and positive stains for HPV were observed in several cell nuclei at the upper stratum malpighi.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since HPV type 33, as well as HPV types 16 and 18, is regarded as a high-risk, mucosal type, HPV type 33 infection likely contributed to the development of the lesion. We suggest that HPV infection should be relevant to a subset of cutaneous VC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, The University of Tokushima Graduate School of Medicine, 15-18-3 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima City, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murao
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubo
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fukumoto
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsumoto
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Arase
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018289:Carcinoma, Verrucous / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012150:Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; D012535:Scalp; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery / Q000821:virology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: C410917:E7 protein, Human papillomavirus type 33; D009856:Oncogene Proteins, Viral