title: Segmented hippocampal volume in children and adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although many studies of adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have reported smaller hippocampal volume compared with control subjects, comparable studies of children and adolescents have failed to replicate these findings or have noted opposite trends suggesting a larger hippocampus. We therefore performed a secondary analysis combining data from prior studies to examine the hypothesis that hippocampus would be larger in pediatric subjects with PTSD compared with non-maltreated control subjects. We also hypothesized that differences in PTSD subjects would be observed between boys and girls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-one subjects (31 boys, 30 girls) with maltreatment-related PTSD and 122 control subjects matched on age and gender underwent magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  As hypothesized, we observed a significantly larger hippocampus controlling for cerebral volume in PTSD subjects compared with control subjects. Segmented hippocampal white-matter volume was greater in PTSD subjects but not gray-matter volume. Hippocampal volume was positively related to age of trauma onset and level of psychopathology, particularly externalizing behavior. No interactions with group were observed for age or gender.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Future longitudinal studies with trauma control subjects and neuropsychological measures are indicated to further elucidate the relationship between hippocampus and behavioral abnormalities in young PTSD subjects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tupler
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: De Bellis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000367:Age Factors; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology