title: Embolization-driven occlusion of the abdominal aortic aneurysmal sac as the basis of prevention of endoleaks in a new swine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of a new polymer in embolization of endoleaks using an animal model.
  
  
  METHODS
  A modified aortic stent-graft was placed in 20 pigs. Embolization was performed at the time of graft insertion with non-cytotoxic n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate-metacryloxysulpholane and lipiodol (0.2:0.8ratio, 2 ml). Angiography, scanning electron microscopy and immuno-histochemistry were obtained at day 0, 1 week and 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In control animals both type I and II endoleaks were demonstrated. In treated animals, neither type-I nor type-II endoleaks were observed and a fibro-proliferative response was demonstrated within the aneurysm thrombus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Host vascular responses govern the fate of the excluded aneurysm. Embolization of the sac and feeding arteries with non-cytotoxic glue sealed all occlusions by stimulating a massive restenosis-like process.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Hemodynamics and Cardiovascular Mechanics, School of Medicine, La Timone Hospital for Adults, Mediterranean See University and Department of Radiology, Marseilles, France. ph.rolland@medecine.univ-mrs.fr
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Rolland
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vidal
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mekkaoui
authors.forename: M-F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Bertrand
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Levrier
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bartoli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017544:Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D001027:Aortography; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D007459:Iodized Oil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D019106:Postoperative Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D004338:Drug Combinations; C421461:glubran 2; D007459:Iodized Oil