title: Distinct modes of ruminative self-focus: impact of abstract versus concrete rumination on problem solving in depression.
abstract: One account for the negative effects of rumination on social problem solving (SPS) is the symptom-focus hypothesis, which proposes that focus on symptoms amplifies the vicious cycle between depressed mood and negative cognition. The authors tested a contrasting account, the reduced concreteness hypothesis, which postulates that the abstract thinking typical of rumination impairs SPS. In 40 depressed patients and 40 never-depressed controls, SPS was assessed before and after versions of symptom-focused rumination known to differentially induce abstract versus concrete self-focus (E. Watkins & J. D. Teasdale, 2001). As predicted by reduced concreteness theory, relative to abstract self-focus, concrete self-focus improved SPS in depressed patients, suggesting that the particular mode of symptom-focus, rather than symptom-focus per se, determines the effects of rumination on problem solving.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom. e.r.watkins@exeter.ac.uk
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Moulds
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003071:Cognition; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011340:Problem Solving; D019455:Self Psychology