title: Expression of drug resistance proteins Pgp, MRP1, MRP3, MRP5 and GST-pi in human glioma.
abstract: Chemotherapy in glioma is poorly effective: the blood-brain barrier and intrinsic and/or acquired drug resistance of tumor cells could partly explain this lack of major effect. We investigated expression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 1, MRP3, MRP5 and glutathione-S-transferase pi (GST-pi) in malignant glioma patients. Cytofluorimetric analysis of 48 glioma specimens and 21 primary cultures showed high levels of MRP1, moderate levels of MRP5 and low levels of Pgp, GST-pi and MRP3. Immunohistochemistry (25 glioma specimens) showed expression of GST-pi (66.7% of cases), MRP1 (51.3%), MRP5 (45.8%), Pgp (34.8%) and MRP3 (29.9%) in tumor cells. Moreover, analysis of tumor samples by real time quantitative PCR showed mRNA expression of all investigated genes. Tumor vasculature, analyzed in glioma specimens and in tumor derived endothelial cells, showed expression of all investigated proteins. Non-tumor brain samples (from a patient with arteriovenous malformation and from one with epilepsy), normal human astrocytes and cultured endothelial cells were also analyzed: astrocytes and endothelial cells expressed the highest levels of the investigated proteins, mainly MRP1 and MRP5. No significant differences in proteins expression were detected between primary or recurrent gliomas, suggesting that glioma chemoresistance is mostly intrinsic. Therefore, we detected, for the first time, the presence of MRP3 and MRP5 on glioma specimens--both in tumor and endothelial cells--and we delineated an expression profile of chemoresistance proteins in glioma. The possible association of inhibitors of drug efflux pumps with chemotherapy could be investigated to improve drugs delivery into the tumor and their cytotoxic effects.
authors.affiliation: Istituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calatozzolo
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gelati
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ciusani
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Sciacca
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pollo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cajola
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marras
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Silvani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Vitellaro-Zuccarello
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Croci
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Boiardi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salmaggi
mesh_terms: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D018435:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; D051549:Glutathione S-Transferase pi; D027425:ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family C Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C120809:ABCC5 protein, human; C114462:multidrug resistance-associated protein 3; C421109:multidrug resistance-associated protein 1