title: Identifying good prognosis group of breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive axillary nodes for adjuvant cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) chemotherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We conducted a retrospective analysis of prognosis factors for survival in breast cancer patients with 1-3 axillary lymph node metastases and tried to identify a subset of patients with good prognosis suitable for cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil (CMF) adjuvant chemotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 446 breast cancer patients received definite surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy with CMF at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 1990 to 1998. They were enrolled in the study. The median follow-up time was 69 months. Prognostic factors including age, tumor size, number of involved nodes, steroid receptor status, tumor ploidy, synthetic-phase fraction, histologic grade and administration of tamoxifen were analysed for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) by Cox regression model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The estimated 5 year OS and DFS for all patients were 85.4 and 71.5%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that tumor size, age and estrogen receptor (ER) status were independent prognostic factors for OS, and tumor size, age, ER status and number of involved nodes were independent prognostic factors for DFS. The 5 year OS rates of the low-risk group (age >40, tumor < or =3 cm and positive ER) and average-risk group (either age < or =40, tumor >3 cm or negative ER) were 98.8 and 82.4%, respectively (P = 0.0001). The 5 year DFS of the low-risk and high-risk group were 88.2 and 67.7%, respectively (P = 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among breast cancer patients with 1-3 positive lymph nodes excellent survival rate was found in those who had favorable prognostic factors, including age >40, tumor size < or =3 cm and positive ER. Adjuvant chemotherapy with CMF regimen is optimal for these low-risk patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yung-Chang
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Shin-Cheh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Hsien-Kun
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Swei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hsueh
authors.forename: Chien-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Tsai
authors.forename: Yung-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Tsann-Long
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Miin-Fu
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001365:Axilla; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D018299:Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D005472:Fluorouracil; D008727:Methotrexate