title: Expression of p53 in esophageal carcinoma with multiple areas unstained by iodine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is occasionally associated with multiple areas in the surrounding mucosa unstained with iodine.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 21 male patients with superficial esophageal carcinoma. Group 1 consisted of 4 cases of superficial esophageal carcinoma associated with multiple lesions that did not stain with iodine. Group 2 comprised 17 cases of a solitary tumor without major additional lesions in the mucosa. We assessed the correlation between clinicopathological factors, a history of tobacco and alcohol consumption, and p53 expression in the two groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found four cases (group 1) of superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma where there were a total of 10 satellite tumors in addition to the main tumor. These patients tended to have a higher daily consumption of tobacco and alcohol than those in group 2. Moreover in all these group 1 cases there was intraepithelial spread of the tumors and p53 overexpression in all of the main and additional tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have found that higher tobacco and alcohol consumption are closely related to multiple lesions unstained by iodine and abnormal expression of the p53 gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery I, Gunma University Faculty of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
authors.forename: Minako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoshikawa
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Youichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kamiyama
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fukai
authors.forename: Kouhei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima
authors.forename: Norihiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Masuda
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ojima
authors.forename: Katsuhiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuwano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000378:metabolism*; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004947:Esophagus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007454:Iodides; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000473:pathology; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D007454:Iodides; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; C010389:Lugol's solution