title: The value of serum antilipoarabinomannan antibody detection in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk for tuberculosis (TB) reactivation in hemodialysis (HD) patients is increased, and screening for latent TB is recommended. The tuberculin skin test (TST) is inaccurate because of the high incidence of anergy in skin testing in HD patients and its inability to differentiate latent from eradicated TB infection. In this study, use of serum antilipoarabinomannan (anti-LAM) antibody detection for the diagnosis of latent TB in a dialysis population was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy-four HD patients never treated for TB composed the first group. Forty-eight healthy volunteers never treated for TB served as controls. Twenty-one TST-positive renal transplant candidates on dialysis therapy who had completed preventive anti-TB treatment formed a third group. The TST (using the Mantoux method) and anti-LAM test (using an immunochromatographic assay) were performed in all subjects participating in the study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first group, a strong association was detected between results of the TST and anti-LAM test (P < 0.0001, chi-square test). A similar association was found in the second group. In the group of HD patients treated for TB, a positive TST result and negative anti-LAM test result was a constant finding.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between the TST and anti-LAM test in HD patients suggests that the anti-LAM test could be a useful tool for diagnosing latent TB. The absence of anti-LAM antibodies in anti-TB-treated HD patients suggests that immune response to lipoarabinomannan lacks long-lasting memory. A negative anti-LAM test result might reflect the absence of latent TB, even in patients with a positive TST result.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Serres, Serres, Greece. elefthe@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Theodoros
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eleftheriadis
authors.forename: Pashalia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tsiaga
authors.forename: Georgia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Antoniadi
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Liakopoulos
authors.forename: Alexandros
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kortsaris
authors.forename: Evagelos
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Giannatos
authors.forename: Konstantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barbutis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Stefanidis
authors.forename: Vassilis
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Vargemezis
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood* / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014374:Tuberculin Test; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; C050016:lipoarabinomannan