title: Evaluation of a diet containing probiotics and zinc for the treatment of mild diarrheal illness in children younger than one year of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Supplementation of probiotics and supplementation of zinc during acute gastroenteritis in children have been shown to exert positive effects on diarrhea duration and severity. Our aim was to evaluate a new diet enriched with zinc and probiotic bacteria in the treatment of acute gastroenteritis in young children.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double blind prospective study, 65 children aged 6-12 months were randomized to receive 6 x 10(9) colony forming units of Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus (2 x 10(9) of each strain), 10 mg of zinc/day, and 0.3 grams of fructo-oligosaccharides in the supplemented group (n = 33) or placebo (n = 32), given in a soy protein based rice cereal. For each child, age, sex, weight, degree of dehydration, the presence of fever or vomiting, stool frequency and consistency were recorded daily until diarrhea resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Diarrhea resolution occurred after 1.43 +/- 0.71 days in the supplemented group vs. 1.96 +/- 1.24 in the control group (p = 0.017). In the subset of children who presented with vomiting, time to vomiting resolution was 0.27 +/- 0.59 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.91 days in the supplemented and control groups, respectively (p = 0.06). On day 3, there was only 1 child with watery stools in the supplemented group versus 10 children in the control group (p = 0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our series, the feeding of a cereal containing Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus and zinc, reduced the severity and duration of acute gastroenteritis in young children. However, whether this combination is better than either the addition of probiotics or zinc alone is yet to be determined.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Meyer Children's Hospital of Haifa, Israel. shamirr@netvision.net.il
authors.forename: Raanan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shamir
authors.forename: Imad R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Makhoul
authors.forename: Amos
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Etzioni
authors.forename: Naim
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Shehadeh
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001644:Bifidobacterium / Q000254:growth & development; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005759:Gastroenteritis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007779:Lactobacillus acidophilus / Q000254:growth & development; D008297:Male; D019936:Probiotics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D048249:Streptococcus thermophilus / Q000254:growth & development; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015032:Zinc / Q000172:deficiency* / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D015032:Zinc