title: Endometriosis may contribute to oocyte retrieval-induced pelvic inflammatory disease: report of eight cases.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pelvic inflammatory disease is a rare complication of transvaginal oocyte retrieval. It results in failure of assisted reproductive procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  During a 6-year period, 5958 transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrievals resulted in 10 cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (0.12%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight of the 10 patients were diagnosed infertile because of endometriosis. Two patients had mild ovarian, three had stage III, and two had stage IV endometriosis. One patient had a 3-4 cm ovarian endometrioma. After treatment, no mortality was encountered among the 10 patients, although none of them conceived.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This observation supports the previous reports that endometriosis can raise the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease after oocyte retrieval. More vigorous antibiotic prophylaxis and better vaginal preparation are recommended when oocyte pickup is performed in patients with endometriosis.
authors.affiliation: Royan Institute of Fertility, Tehran, Iran. info@royainstitute.org
authors.forename: Ashraf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Moini
authors.forename: Kiarash
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Riazi
authors.forename: Vida
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Amid
authors.forename: Mahnaz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ashrafi
authors.forename: Ensieh
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tehraninejad
authors.forename: Tahereh
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Madani
authors.forename: Monir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Owj
mesh_terms: D004715:Endometriosis / Q000150:complications*; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D000292:Pelvic Inflammatory Disease / Q000209:etiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors