title: A randomized blinded trial of combination therapy with cyclophosphamide in patients-with active multiple sclerosis on interferon beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with pulse cyclophosphamide given with methylprednisolone (MP) and interferon beta (IFNbeta)-Ia in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with active disease during IFNbeta monotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-group, multicenter trial in MS patients with a history of active disease during IFNbeta treatment. Patients were randomized to either cyclophosphamide 800 mg/m2 plus methylprednisolone 1 g IV (CY/MP) or methylprednisolone once a month for six months and then followed for an additional 18 months. All patients received three days of methylprednisolone 1 g IV at screening and 30 mcg IFNbeta-Ia IM weekly for the entire 24 months. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in the mean number of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions. Secondary clinical endpoints included time to treatment failure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-nine patients were randomized to treatment: 30 to CY/MP and 29 to MP Change from baseline in the number of Gd+ lesions was significantly different between treatment groups at three (P =0.01), six (P =0.04) and 12 months (P =0.02), with fewer lesions in the CY/MP group. The cumulative rate of treatment failure was significantly lower in the CY/MP group compared with the MP group (rate ratio =0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.12-0.75; P =0.011). CY/MP treatment was well tolerated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Combination therapy with CY/MP and IFNbeta-Ia decreased the number of Gd+ lesions and slowed clinical activity in patients with previously active disease on IFNbeta alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weinstock-Guttman
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gutmann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bakshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Olek
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Greenberg
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Orav
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stuart
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D016899:Interferon-beta / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020529:Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016899:Interferon-beta; D003520:Cyclophosphamide