title: Family members p53 and p73 act together in chromatin modification and direct repression of alpha-fetoprotein transcription.
abstract: Aberrant expression of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene is a diagnostic tumor marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. We find that AFP gene expression is repressed by the TP53 family member p73 during normal hepatic development and when p73alpha or p73beta is introduced into cultured hepatoma cells that express AFP. Transient co-transfection of p53 family members showed that p53 and transactivating (TA)-p73, but not TA-p63, repress endogenous AFP transcription additively or independently. p53-independent functions of p73 are further supported by delayed, p73-associated compensation of AFP repression during development of the p53-null mouse. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays of normal and p53-null mouse liver tissue showed that TA-p73 binds at a previously identified p53 repressor site (-860/-830) within the distal promoter of AFP at a level equivalent to p53 in wild type liver, with increased binding of TA-p73 to chromatin in the absence of p53. Sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that TA-p73 and p53 bind simultaneously to their shared regulatory site in wild type liver. Like the founding family member p53, TA-p73 represses AFP expression by chromatin structure alteration, targeting reduction of acetylated histone H3 lysine 9 and increased dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9 levels. However, chromatin-bound TA-p73 is associated with elevated di- and tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 4 levels in p53-null liver and hepatoma cells, concomitant with a reduced ability to repress transcription compared with p53.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Program in Genes and Development, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Rutao
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Thi T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Joseph H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Taube
authors.forename: Sabrina A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Stratton
authors.forename: Miriam H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Feuerman
authors.forename: Michelle Craig
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Barton
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics*; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014162:Transfection; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C000606460:TP73 protein, human; C000606368:Trp73 protein, mouse; D000072160:Tumor Protein p73; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000509:alpha-Fetoproteins