title: Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in Sweden 1997-2003: epidemiological trends and patterns in the post-vaccine era.
abstract: The introduction of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) in the Swedish childhood vaccination programme in 1992 resulted in a rapid 90% decline in meningitis cases. A recent rise in incidence in the UK underlines the need for continuing surveillance also in Sweden. Descriptive analysis of surveillance data for all invasive Hib infection cases notified in 1997-2003 was performed, with respect to age, gender, seasonality, geography and death; 185 cases (children 0-4 y: 37 cases) of invasive Hib disease were reported for an average incidence rate of 0.3 per 100,000 (children 0-4 y; 1.1). One fifth of the cases were children below 5 y of age, but two- thirds were over 30 y; median age was 49.5 y of age. 61% were female and 39% male (p = 0.0026). The sharp downward trend in incidence seen in the period 1993-1998 appears to have halted. During 2002 and 2003 there was a slight increase for children aged 0-4 y. There was also a highly significant female dominance, which has not been described before. Together with a shift in age distribution towards adults this points to women aged +30 y as a potential new risk group. This may reflect an increased risk owing to women being the primary carers of young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden. daniel.farhoudi.137@student.ki.se
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Farhoudi
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Löfdahl
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giesecke
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019741:Haemophilus influenzae type b / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008583:Meningitis, Haemophilus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D008875:Middle Aged; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines