title: Regional structural characterization of the brain of schizophrenia patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We study morphologic characteristics and age-related changes in patients with schizophrenia to investigate whether abnormal neurodevelopment and brain structure have a role in the pathophysiological course of this disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our data consist of a set of cranial magnetic resonance images of 46 patients with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. We deformed a template brain image to our set of subject images. Jacobian fields of these deformations were reduced to sets of 52 normalized region volumes for each subject by using a neuroanatomic atlas. Normalized regional volumes of the control and patient groups were compared by using Student t-test, and age correlation of each region volume was calculated for the two groups. All results were corrected for multiple comparisons by using permutation testing. We used a classifier based on support vector machines and a feature selection method to determine our ability to discriminate brains of controls from those of patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of normalized region volumes shows enlargement of the third ventricle in patients. The age-correlation study showed a significant positive correlation in the third ventricle and right thalamus of controls, but not patients. Using an average of 6.5 features, our classifier was able to correctly identify 72% of patients and 70% of controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to enlargement of the third ventricle, brains of patients with schizophrenia show a different pattern of age-related changes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, 3600 Market Street, Suite 370, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. pauly2@grasp.upenn.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yushkevich
authors.forename: Abraham
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dubb
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Ruben
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: Raquel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gur
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000473:pathology*; D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013382:Subtraction Technique