title: Influence of alcohol consumption and gene polymorphisms of ADH2 and ALDH2 on hepatocellular carcinoma in a Japanese population.
abstract: Although alcohol intake as well as hepatitis viruses has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gene-alcohol interactions on HCC risk remain to be elucidated. We conducted a case-control study to examine whether polymorphisms of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) modified the HCC risk depending on the amount of alcohol intake. ADH2 and ALDH2 genotyping was performed by a duplex polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers in 209 newly diagnosed HCC cases and 2 different controls [275 hospital controls and 381 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD)]. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that heavy drinkers consuming >or=3 "go"s/day of sake (69 g of ethanol/day) showed an increased risk of HCC based on comparison of HCC cases with hospital controls [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 13.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.3-54.3] or CLD patients (adjusted OR = 7.0; 95% CI 2.5-19.2), whereas the overall risk was not elevated among light to moderate drinkers consuming <3 "go"s/day. Interestingly, light to moderate drinking was associated with an increased risk among those with ALDH2*1/*2 (adjusted OR = 4.5 or 2.0), but not among those with ALDH2*1/*1 (adjusted OR = 0.8 or 1.0; p interaction = 0.03 or 0.13). However, this gene-alcohol interaction was not observed for heavy drinking. Among light to moderate drinkers, people with the combination of ALDH2*1/*2 and ADH2*2/*2 revealed the highest risk of HCC. These findings indicate that the ALDH2 polymorphism may modify HCC risk among light to moderate drinkers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan. sakamott@med.saga-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Tatsuhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hara
authors.forename: Yasuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Higaki
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ichiba
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horita
authors.forename: Toshihiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mizuta
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Eguchi
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasutake
authors.forename: Iwata
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Kyosuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Shingo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Onohara
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawazoe
authors.forename: Hirohisa
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shigematsu
authors.forename: Shunzo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koizumi
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D044466:Asian People; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial