title: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: an update.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is considered the gold standard for renal donation. In the hands of experienced laparoscopists it provides a safe and equally effective alternative to open nephrectomy, and recipient graft function has been shown to be equivalent regardless of the procurement method utilized. Complication rates and postoperative donor renal function are equivalent to that of open nephrectomy, whereas recovery time is significantly shorter and surgical scars more cosmetic with the laparoscopic approach.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Advances in preoperative imaging and laparoscopic technique have enabled surgeons to broaden the patient population considered for donor nephrectomy. Improved three-dimensional imaging facilitates operative planning and intraoperative dissection, and the retroperitoneoscopic approach has decreased operative time. Acquisition of laparoscopic skills has also enabled surgeons to perform donor nephrectomies on kidneys that previously would have been considered less desirable for donation (e.g. right-sided or with anomalous vasculature).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  End-stage renal disease and the need for renal transplantation continue to be major medical concerns in the United States and worldwide. Advances in donor nephrectomy have reduced the demand for organs by increasing the potential organ pool while limiting risk to donors. As imaging and laparoscopic techniques continue to advance, it is anticipated that minimally invasive donor nephrectomy will continue to evolve. This review summarizes the developments to date.
authors.affiliation: University of Michigan Urology Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. kkieran@med.umich.edu
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kieran
authors.forename: William W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Roberts
mesh_terms: D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D046148:Donor Selection; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D014019:Tissue Donors; D009927:Tissue and Organ Procurement; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous