title: Microarray based comparative genomic hybridization testing in deletion bearing patients with Angelman syndrome: genotype-phenotype correlations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by severe mental retardation, dysmorphic features, ataxia, seizures, and typical behavioural characteristics, including a happy sociable disposition. AS is caused by maternal deficiency of UBE3A (E6 associated protein ubiquitin protein ligase 3A gene), located in an imprinted region on chromosome 15q11-q13. Although there are four different molecular types of AS, deletions of the 15q11-q13 region account for approximately 70% of the AS patients. These deletions are usually detected by fluorescence in situ hybridisation studies. The deletions can also be subclassified based on their size into class I and class II, with the former being larger and encompassing the latter.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 22 patients with AS due to microdeletions using a microarray based comparative genomic hybridisation (array CGH) assay to define the deletions and analysed their phenotypic severity, especially expression of the autism phenotype, in order to establish clinical correlations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, children with larger, class I deletions were significantly more likely to meet criteria for autism, had lower cognitive scores, and lower expressive language scores compared with children with smaller, class II deletions. Children with class I deletions also required more medications to control their seizures than did those in the class II group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are four known genes (NIPA1, NIPA2, CYFIP1, & GCP5) that are affected by class I but not class II deletions, thus raising the possibility of a role for these genes in autism as well as the development of expressive language skills.
authors.affiliation: Associate Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sahoo
authors.forename: S U
authors.initials: SU
authors.lastname: Peters
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Madduri
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Glaze
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: German
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bird
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barbieri-Welge
authors.forename: T J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Bichell
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Beaudet
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Bacino
mesh_terms: D017204:Angelman Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002884:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D010641:Phenotype; D012640:Seizures / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D017384:Sequence Deletion