title: Projection-based needle segmentation in 3D ultrasound images.
abstract: Needles are used extensively in interventional procedures such as biopsy and brachytherapy. To deliver radioactive seeds to pre-planned positions or sample lesions from the region that may contain cancer cells, the 3D position of the needle must be determined accurately and quickly. Three-dimensional ultrasound (US) image guidance is an efficient technique used to perform this task. In this paper, we describe the development of a projection-based needle segmentation method comprising three steps. First, the 3D image is projected along an initial direction perpendicular to the approximate needle direction determined from the 3D imaging system. The needle is then segmented in a projected 2D image. Using the projection direction and the detected 2D needle direction, a plane containing the needle--called the needle plane--is determined. Secondly, the 3D image is re-projected in the direction perpendicular to the normal of the needle plane and step 1 is repeated. If the needle direction in the projected 2D image is horizontal, the needle plane is correct; otherwise, steps 1 and 2 are repeated until a correct needle plane is found. Thirdly, the 3D image is projected along the normal direction of the needle plane and the needle endpoints in the projected 2D image are determined. Using the relationship between the 3D projection and the 3D volume coordinate systems, the coordinates of the endpoints of the needle in the 3D US coordinate system are determined. Experiments with agar and turkey phantom 3D US images demonstrated that our method could segment the needle from 3D US images with an average accuracy of 0.7 mm in position and 1.2 degrees in orientation with a speed of 13 fps on a 1.3-GHz PC. In addition, experiments illustrated that our method is robust to variations in the initial estimated needle direction, the size of the cropped volume, and the ray-casting transfer function parameters used in pre-processing.
authors.affiliation: Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada. mding@imaging.robarts.ca
authors.forename: Mingyue
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Aaron
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fenster
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D009339:Needles; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*