title: Physical workload, work intensification, and prevalence of pain in low wage workers: results from a participatory research project with hotel room cleaners in Las Vegas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Occupational injury rates among hotel workers exceed the national service sector average. This study assesses the prevalence of back and neck pain, and its associations with physical workload, ergonomic problems, and increasing work demands.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine hundred forty-one unionized hotel room cleaners completed a survey about health and working conditions. Associations between job demands and pain were determined by logistic regression models adjusting for individual characteristics, cumulative work demands, care-taking responsibilities at home, and psychosocial job factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 1-month prevalence of severe bodily pain was 47% in general, 43% for neck, 59% for upper back, and 63% for low back pain. Workers in the highest exposure quartiles for physical workload and ergonomic problems were between 3.24 and 5.42 times more likely to report severe pain than workers in the lowest quartile. Adjusted odds ratios for work intensification ranged from 1.74 (upper back) to 2.33 (neck).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Most room cleaners experience severe back or neck pain. Severe pain showed strong associations with physical workload, work intensification, and ergonomic problems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94804, USA. nkrause@berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Niklas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Scherzer
authors.forename: Reiner
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rugulies
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006796:Household Work; D006801:Humans; D007182:Income; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009505:Nevada / Q000453:epidemiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016272:Occupational Health; D015995:Prevalence; D015397:Program Evaluation; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014937:Work / Q000502:physiology*; D016526:Workload