[Molecular mechanisms of action and health benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids].
Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid n6 (LA) and linolenic acid (ALA) n3 obtained from the diet are precursors of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (Lc-PUFAs) arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) respectively. Consumption of PUFAs is related with a better neurological and cognitive development in newborns. It has been demonstrated that consumption of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs decreases blood triglycerides by increasing fatty acid oxidation through activation of PPARalpha or by reducing the activation of SREBP-1 inhibiting lipogenesis. Dietary PUFAs activate PPARalpha and PPARgamma increasing lipid oxidation, and decreasing insulin resistance leading in a reduction of hepatic steatosis. Beneficial effects of PUFAs have been observed in humans and in animals models of diabetes, obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. It is important to promote the consumption of PUFAs. Main food sources of PUFAs n-6 are corn, soy and safflower oil, and for PUFAs n-3 are fish, soy, canola oil and, flaxseed. Finally FAO/WHO recommends an optimal daily intake of n6/n3 of 5-10:1.
Rodríguez-Cruz
Maricela
M
Uniddad de Investigación Médica en Nutrición, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS.
Tovar
Armando R
AR
del Prado
Martha
M
Torres
Nimbe
N
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000818:Animals; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D003876:Dermatitis, Atopic / Q000188:drug therapy; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000188:drug therapy; D005260:Female; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015228:Hypertriglyceridemia / Q000188:drug therapy; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology
D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D022762:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D043371:Fatty Acids, Omega-6; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D047493:PPAR alpha; D047495:PPAR gamma; D010938:Plant Oils; C497387:SREBF1 protein, human; C497388:Srebf1 protein, mouse; C497389:Srebf1 protein, rat; D051780:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; D014157:Transcription Factors