title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic head cancer: PPPD versus Whipple procedure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Resectable carcinoma of the head of the pancreas can be treated with either standard (the Whipple) or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD). Only a few reports compared the differences between these two procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1994 to Oct 2002, a prospective randomized comparison between the Whipple procedure and PPPD done by the same surgeon for the patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas was conducted. Thirty-six patients diagnosed as pancreatic head adenocarcinoma were randomized to receive either the Whipple procedure or a PPPD. Three patients initially randomized to have a PPPD were converted to the Whipple procedure due to gross duodenal involvement. Finally, 19 patients received the Whipple procedure, 14 patients underwent PPPD and three patients had conversion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two perioperative deaths in the Whipple group and one perioperative death in PPPD resulted in an 8 percent mortality rate in the 36 patients. Median duration of the Whipple operation was 265 (range 203-475) min with a median blood loss of 570 (50-8540) mL. In the patients who had PPPD, median operating time was 232 (range 165-270) min, and median blood loss was 375 (range 100-1300) mL. There was one minor leak from the pancreaticojejunostomy in each group, resulting in a 5.5 percent minor leak in 36 patients. These outcomes were not significantly different. Delayed gastric emptying was observed more frequently after PPPD (six of 14 patients) than after the Whipple procedure (none of 19 patients) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the Whipple procedure and PPPD in terms of median survival and 5-year survival rate. The median survival time was 16.0 months and 5-year survival rate was 9.4 percent in the 36 patients. Blood loss during operation influenced the prognosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was no significant difference between the Whipple procedure and PPPD for the treatment of pancreatic head cancer in terms of operating time, blood loss, operative mortality and long-term survival. But delayed gastric emptying was more frequently encountered in PPPD than in the Whipple procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan. pinwen@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Pin-Wen
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yan-Shen
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Shan
authors.forename: Yih-Jyh
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chung-Jye
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D016577:Pancreaticoduodenectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis