title: Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate SIN-1/ glucose deprivation-induced death in rat primary astrocytes.
abstract: Peroxynitrite is a potent neurotoxic molecule produced from a reaction between NO and superoxide and induces NO-mediated inflammation under neuropathological conditions. Previously, we reported that glucose deprivation induced ATP depletion and cell death in immunostimulated astrocytes, which was mainly due to peroxynitrite. In this study, the role of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK1SAPK) signal pathway in the SIN-1/glucose deprivation-induced death of astrocytes was examined. A combined treatment with glucose deprivation and 50 microM SIN-1, an endogenous peroxynitrite generator, rapidly and markedly increased the death in rat primary astrocytes. Also, SIN-1/glucose deprivation resulted in the activation of MAPKs, which was significantly blocked by the treatment with 20 microM MAPKs inhibitors (ERK1/2, PD98059; p38MAPK, SB203580; JNK/SAPK, SP600125). Interestingly, SIN-1/glucose deprivation caused the loss of intracellular ATP level, which was significantly reversed by MAPKs inhibitors. These results suggest that the activation of MAPKs plays an important role in SIN-1/glucose deprivation-induced cell death by regulating the intracellular ATP level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shinlim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: oung Kwon
authors.initials: oK
authors.lastname: Yoo
authors.forename: Ji Woong
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Min Sik
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Mi Kyoung
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ryu
authors.forename: Gyu Hwan
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Mi Jin
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Jeon
authors.forename: Kwang Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ko
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000873:Anthracenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000172:deficiency; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D008981:Molsidomine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000873:Anthracenes; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D011725:Pyridines; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; C432165:pyrazolanthrone; C002385:linsidomine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008981:Molsidomine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005947:Glucose; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one