title: Targeted disruption of Smad4 in mouse epidermis results in failure of hair follicle cycling and formation of skin tumors.
abstract: Smad4 is the common mediator of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily signaling, which functions in diverse developmental processes in mammals. To study the role of Smad4 in skin development, a keratinocyte-specific null mutant of Smad4 (Smad4(co/co);K5-Cre) was generated in mice using the Cre-loxP system. The Smad4-mutant mice exhibited progressive alopecia as a result of the mutant hair follicles failing to undergo programmed regression. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) was only detected in Smad4-mutant hair follicles at the catagen stage. Seventy percent of Smad4(co/co); K5-Cre mice developed spontaneous tumors within 12 months of birth. c-Myc and cyclin D1 were up-regulated whereas p21 and p27 expressions were decreased, which correlated with the epidermal hyperplasia in Smad4 mutants. Interestingly, coordinated deletion of the Smad4 and PTEN genes resulted in accelerated hair loss and skin tumor formation, suggesting that Smad4 and PTEN act synergistically to regulate epidermal proliferation and differentiation. All of our data indicate that Smad4 is essential for catagen induction and acts as a critical suppressor in skin tumorigenesis.
authors.affiliation: Genetic Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Institute of Biotechnology, Shanghai, P.R.China.
authors.forename: Leilei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Chunming
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mao
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Wenlong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jishuai
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xuan
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Xiaobing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xinghai
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Zhaofan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Hongkui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D004817:Epidermis / Q000502:physiology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D018859:Hair Follicle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase / Q000235:genetics; D012867:Skin / Q000196:embryology / Q000254:growth & development; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D051901:Smad4 Protein; C490810:Smad4 protein, mouse; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D051059:PTEN Phosphohydrolase; C487757:Pten protein, mouse