title: Upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in faster-healing chronic leg ulcers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic leg ulcers represent a growing clinical problem in the light of today's ageing population. Nitric oxide (NO), which is mostly produced by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in healing wounds, exerts beneficial effects on many processes of healing, including bactericidal effects, angiogenesis, epithelialisation and ECM formation. This study sought to investigate whether iNOS expression in chronic leg ulcers can be correlated with the healing process.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients with chronic leg ulcers were recruited and attempts were made to take punch biopsies at two separate time points (however, a second biopsy could not be obtained on seven patients). A linear healing rate was derived using the obtained ulcer area and perimeter. The iNOS levels in the biopsy samples were assessed using immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean linear healing rate of patients with high iNOS levels was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of patients with low iNOS levels. An incidental finding was that the linear healing rate was significantly higher (p < 0.05) post-biopsy than before biopsy in the same patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study therefore shows for the first time that high iNOS levels are associated with higher healing rates and have the potential to be used in prognostication. This also opens the possibility of augmentation of ulcer healing through the manipulation of wound NO levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania Australia.
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Sinha
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lord
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D006801:Humans; D007871:Leg Ulcer / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D016014:Linear Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015854:Up-Regulation; D014945:Wound Healing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: C496319:NOS2 protein, human; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II