title: Three-dimensional hindfoot motion in adolescents with surgically treated unilateral clubfoot.
abstract: Advances in imaging and computerized analyses have enabled three-dimensional bone motion in the treated clubfoot to be measured precisely. Three-dimensional translations and rotations of the talus, calcaneus, navicular, and cuboid of surgically treated clubfeet were less in magnitude and sometimes different in direction (or without motion in a specific plane) compared with the contralateral normal feet. Surgical techniques used for clubfoot treatment do not restore normal hindfoot bone motion when examined with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, computer reconstruction, and image analysis techniques. These data advance the knowledge of hindfoot bone motion and establish a new and quantitative objective.
authors.affiliation: Exactech, Inc, Gainesville, FL, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roche
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mattingly
authors.forename: Vishwas Talwalkar
authors.initials: VT
authors.lastname: Md
authors.forename: Chester
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tylkowski
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Peter A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pienkowski
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D003025:Clubfoot / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D006365:Heel / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D011403:Pronation; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D013484:Supination