title: Age and sex modulate metabolic and cardiovascular risk markers of patients after 1 year of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary aim: To evaluate the modulating effects of age and sex on changes in plasma lipid levels in the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Secondary aim: To study insulin, leptin, adiponectin, E-selectin and P-selectin levels and their relation to demographics.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparative, longitudinal, open cohort-study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary care center at a University Hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-two consecutive HIV-seropositive patients of either sex were enrolled in the study. Subjects were between 19 and 60 years of age and naive to HAART. Patients were treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and protease inhibitor(s) (PIs) or reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs) only. Subjects were evaluated at baseline and after 3, 6 and 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total cholesterol levels increased in all patients. The greatest increase was seen in patients of older age treated with PI. Male gender was another risk factor for higher cholesterol but also for higher triglyceride levels. Therapy with protease inhibitors and/or stavudine had a negative influence on plasma triglyceride levels. Selectins, adipokines and insulin were less influenced by HAART.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Based on the results of this study selection of therapy regimen according to the demographic risk factors sex and age can offer an easy strategy to help to minimize lipid elevations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Immunohaematology, Universitätsklinik für Klinische Pharmakologie, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Judith Maria
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Leitner
authors.forename: Heidemarie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pernerstorfer-Schoen
authors.forename: Alina
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Weiss
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schindler
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jilma
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D012306:Risk; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D019040:E-Selectin; D007328:Insulin; D020738:Leptin; D019007:P-Selectin