title: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome did not increase in Mexico City between 1990-1992 and 1997-1999 despite more central obesity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Trends in the metabolic syndrome might follow trends in obesity. We examined this hypothesis in the Mexico City Diabetes Study (MCDS), a study that showed rising trends in obesity, and the effect of the metabolic syndrome on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Designed as a population-based study, the MCDS enrolled subjects in 1990-1992 (n = 2,282). Follow-up visits were held in 1993-1995 (n = 1,764) and 1997-1999 (n = 1,754). We used the revised metabolic syndrome definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program and the Framingham equations to estimate the 10-year CHD risk.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In men, the age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 38.9% in 1990-1992, 43.4% in 1993-1995, and 39.9% in 1997-1999; in women, the prevalences were 65.4, 65.7, and 59.9%, respectively. The prevalence did not change in men (P = 0.349) between 1990-1992 and 1997-1999, but decreased in women (P < 0.001). A prevalence increase was demonstrated for elevated waist circumference (men, P < 0.001; women, P < 0.050), elevated fasting glucose value (men and women, P < 0.001), and low HDL cholesterol level (men, P < 0.050; women, P < 0.010); a prevalence decrease was seen for high blood pressure (men and women, P < 0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (men, P < 0.001; women, P < 0.010). CHD risk decreased marginally in men (P < 0.050) but did not change in women (P = 0.943).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neither the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome nor CHD risk has increased in Mexico City. Lower blood pressure and triglyceride values appear to have counteracted increases in central obesity and fasting glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, Texas 78284-7873, USA. lorenzo@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzo
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Clicerio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gonzalez-Villalpando
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haffner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose; D001794:Blood Pressure; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008800:Mexico / Q000453:epidemiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides