title: Molecular analysis of an NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from the zygomycete Mucor circinelloides.
abstract: NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was detected mainly in the cytosol of aerobically cultured mycelium and in anaerobically grown yeast cells of Mucor circinelloides. ADH levels were about 2.5-fold higher in yeast cells than in mycelium; zymogram analysis suggested that the same ADH enzyme is produced in both developmental stages. The enzyme, named ADH1, was purified to homogeneity from yeast cells, using ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. The active ADH1 appears to be a homomeric tetramer of 37,500-kDa subunits. Km values obtained for acetaldehyde, ethanol, NADH and NAD+ indicated that in vivo the enzyme mainly serves to reduce acetaldehyde to ethanol. Amino acid sequences of internal peptides obtained from the purified ADH1 were used to design oligonucleotides that allowed the cloning of the corresponding cDNA by RT-PCR, and the characterization of the genomic DNA sequence. The adh1 ORF is interrupted by two small introns located towards the 5'-end. M. circinelloides adh1 encodes a protein of 348 amino acids, which display moderate to high overall identity to several hypothetical ADH enzymes from the related zygomycete Rhizopus oryzae. adh1 mRNA is expressed at similar levels in aerobic mycelium and anaerobic yeast cells. During exponential growth under aerobic conditions, the level of adh1 transcript was correlated with the glucose concentration in the growth medium.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Investigación en Biología Experimental Facultad de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta s/n Apartado Postal 187, 36000, Guanajuato, México.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Rangel-Porras
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Meza-Carmen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martinez-Cadena
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Torres-Guzmán
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: González-Hernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arnau
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gutiérrez-Corona
mesh_terms: D000079:Acetaldehyde / Q000737:chemistry; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D002474:Cell-Free System; D002846:Chromatography, Affinity; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003470:Culture Media / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000737:chemistry; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D005285:Fermentation; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D015966:Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; D015723:Gene Library; D005800:Genes, Fungal; D007438:Introns; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009089:Mucor / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D009243:NAD / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016366:Open Reading Frames; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D010455:Peptides; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D009243:NAD; D000431:Ethanol; D004247:DNA; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000079:Acetaldehyde