title: Low concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) induced cell death in PC12 cells through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) but not via extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) or c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK).
abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), a highly reactive gaseous molecule, has been previously reported to induce apoptosis-like cell death even at a low concentration in PC12 cells. In this study, we examined NO-induced activation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, i.e., p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK). Following the exposure of PC12 cells to an NO donor, (+)-(E)-4-ethyl-2-[hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexenamide (NOR3; 100 muM), the phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK increased time dependently from 2 to 6 h, but that of both ERK1/2 and JNK did not. Treatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 partially blocked the NOR3-induced cell death. Neither PD98059, U0126 (inhibitors of ERK1/2) nor SP600125 (a specific inhibitor of JNK) treatments had any significant effect on the NOR3-induced cell death. These findings suggest that the activation of a p38 MAPK pathway, but not that of ERK1/2 or JNK, plays an essential role in the apoptosis-like cell death induced by low concentrations of NO.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Recognition, Graduate School of Integrated Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Japan. yamamoto@yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshifumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yuyama
authors.forename: Hideko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000379:methods; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects*; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D016716:PC12 Cells; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013997:Time Factors; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D007093:Imidazoles; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D009574:Nitro Compounds; D011725:Pyridines; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C061872:FK 409; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C093642:SB 203580; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one