title: Persistence of lipoatrophy after a four-year long interruption of antiretroviral therapy for HIV1 infection: case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  HIV-infected patients on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy often present peculiar patterns of fat redistribution, referred to as lipodystrophy. In spite of recent investigations, it is not known whether and to what extent the main features of lipodystrophy--that is lipoatrophy of peripheral fat at face, limbs and buttocks, as well as fat accumulation at breasts, abdomen and the dorso-cervical region--can be reversible once clinically manifest.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 35 year old Caucasian HIV infected female developed severe diffuse lipodystrophy while on highly active antiretroviral therapy. A remarkable increase of breast size, fat accumulation at waist, and a fat pad on her lumbar spine were paralleled by progressive and disfiguring lipoatrophy of face, limbs and buttocks. The patient decided to interrupt her therapy after 20 months, with a stably suppressed viremia and a CD4 lymphocyte count > 500/microL. She could carry on a safe treatment interruption for longer than 4 years. Most sites of fat accumulation switched to nearly normal appearance, whereas lipoatrophy was substantially unchanged at all affected sites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  our observation provides pictorial evidence that lipoatrophy may not be reversible even under ideal circumstances. Therefore, strategies to prevent lipoatrophy should be considered when defining therapeutic regimens for HIV infected patients, especially those at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Infectious Diseases, Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo, Via Fonte Romana 8, 65126 Pescara, Italy. parruti@tin.it
authors.forename: Giustino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Parruti
authors.forename: Giuseppe Marani
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Toro
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D039682:HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents