Early effects of salinity on water transport in Arabidopsis roots. Molecular and cellular features of aquaporin expression.
Aquaporins facilitate the uptake of soil water and mediate the regulation of root hydraulic conductivity (Lp(r)) in response to a large variety of environmental stresses. Here, we use Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants to dissect the effects of salt on both Lp(r) and aquaporin expression and investigate possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of aquaporin regulation in plant roots under stress. Treatment of plants by 100 mm NaCl was perceived as an osmotic stimulus and induced a rapid (half-time, 45 min) and significant (70%) decrease in Lp(r), which was maintained for at least 24 h. Macroarray experiments with gene-specific tags were performed to investigate the expression of all 35 genes of the Arabidopsis aquaporin family. Transcripts from 20 individual aquaporin genes, most of which encoded members of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) and tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) subfamilies, were detected in nontreated roots. All PIP and TIP aquaporin transcripts with a strong expression signal showed a 60% to 75% decrease in their abundance between 2 and 4 h following exposure to salt. The use of antipeptide antibodies that cross-reacted with isoforms of specific aquaporin subclasses revealed that the abundance of PIP1s decreased by 40% as early as 30 min after salt exposure, whereas PIP2 and TIP1 homologs showed a 20% to 40% decrease in abundance after 6 h of treatment. Expression in transgenic plants of aquaporins fused to the green fluorescent protein revealed that the subcellular localization of TIP2;1 and PIP1 and PIP2 homologs was unchanged after 45 min of exposure to salt, whereas a TIP1;1-green fluorescent protein fusion was relocalized into intracellular spherical structures tentatively identified as intravacuolar invaginations. The appearance of intracellular structures containing PIP1 and PIP2 homologs was occasionally observed after 2 h of salt treatment. In conclusion, this work shows that exposure of roots to salt induces changes in aquaporin expression at multiple levels. These changes include a coordinated transcriptional down-regulation and subcellular relocalization of both PIPs and TIPs. These mechanisms may act in concert to regulate root water transport, mostly in the long term (> or =6 h).
Boursiac
Yann
Y
Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Agro-Montpellier/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Institut National de la Recheche Agonomique/Université Montpellier 2, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5004, France.
Chen
Sheng
S
Luu
Doan-Trung
DT
Sorieul
Mathias
M
van den Dries
Niels
N
Maurel
Christophe
C
D020346:Aquaporins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D055592:Biophysical Phenomena; D001703:Biophysics; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D017343:Genes, Plant; D006874:Hydrostatic Pressure; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000378:metabolism; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism*
D020346:Aquaporins; D018744:DNA, Plant; D014867:Water; D012965:Sodium Chloride