title: Evidence for TGF-beta1 and bleomycin intracellular signaling through autocrine regulation of Smad 3 binding to the proximal promoter of the Smad 7 gene.
abstract: Both Bleomycin and TGF-beta1 increase the transcription of the COL1A1 gene. Bleomycin acts through TGF-beta1. Bleomycin stimulates the COL1A1 promoter through the distal TGF-beta response element by intracellular and extracellular signaling. As demonstrated in this manuscript, Bleomycin's intracellular signaling can be explained by a decrease of Smad 3 transcription factor binding to the SBE located in the proximal promoter of the inhibitory Smad 7 gene. This would result in TGF-beta1-induced activated SMADS, which would result in more collagen. Bleomycin's extracellular signaling results from the secretion of more latent TGF-beta produced by lung fibroblasts and cleaved to active TGF-beta extracellularly. Since the TGF-beta genes are auto-induced in human embryonic IMR-90 lung fibroblasts, this study indicates an autocrine mechanism to maintain homeostasis in vivo for fibroblasts and other cell types, which produce TGF-beta1 to limit the fibrogenic response to TGF-beta1 and Bleomycin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA. kenneth.cutroneo@wm.edu
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Cutroneo
mesh_terms: D024506:5' Flanking Region; D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D001761:Bleomycin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D015398:Signal Transduction; D051900:Smad3 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D051906:Smad7 Protein / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D051900:Smad3 Protein; D051906:Smad7 Protein; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D001761:Bleomycin