title: Transdermal HRT and Doppler findings in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma viscosity, serum levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and vascular impedance in the uterine, bladder wall, internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty postmenopausal patients underwent continuous estradiol transdermal supplementation at a dose of 50 microg/day and 12-day courses of medroxyprogesterone acetate 10 mg/day every 2 months. The women were divided into two groups according to their blood pressure: normotensive women (Group 1, n=14) and hypertensive subjects (Group 2, n=16). Before starting HRT and after 6 months of therapy, the patients underwent: transvaginal ultrasonographic examination of the pelvic organs; Doppler examination of the blood flow velocities in the uterine, bladder wall, internal carotid and ophthalmic arteries; and analysis of plasma viscosity and plasma TXB2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 6 months of HRT plasma viscosity had decreased in both groups (mean reduction in Group 1, (14+/-1)%, P=0.005; mean reduction in Group 2, (10+/-1)%, P=0.005) as had the TXB2 levels (mean reduction in Group 1, (93+/-2)%, P<0.001; mean reduction in Group 2, (92+/-3)%, P<0.001). The mean percentage reduction in plasma viscosity was smaller in hypertensive women than in normotensive women (P<0.05). There was also a significant reduction in vascular impedance in the uterine artery (mean reduction in Group 1, (16+/-1)%, P=0.005; mean reduction in Group 2, (19+/-1)%, P=0.005), the bladder wall arteries (mean reduction in Group 1, (23+/-2)%, P=0.005; mean reduction in Group 2, (18+/-1)%, P=0.005), the internal carotid artery (mean reduction in Group 1, (25+/-1)%, P=0.005; mean reduction in Group 2, (26+/-1)%, P=0.005) and the ophthalmic artery (mean reduction in Group 1, (24+/-2)%, P=0.005; mean reduction in Group 2, (16+/-1)%, P=0.005). The percentage reduction in vascular impedance did not differ significantly between the two groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that transdermal HRT is effective in reducing plasma viscosity, TXB2 levels and vascular impedance in the peripheral and central vessels both in normotensive and hypertensive postmenopausal patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Persico
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mancini
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Artini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: de Iaco
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Volpe
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: de Aloysio
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Battaglia
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001158:Arteries; D001809:Blood Viscosity / Q000187:drug effects; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000503:physiopathology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy; D016014:Linear Models; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D017698:Postmenopause / Q000097:blood*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000098:blood supply; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004958:Estradiol; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D017258:Medroxyprogesterone Acetate