title: Effectiveness of comprehensive disease management programmes in improving clinical outcomes in heart failure patients. A meta-analysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Disease management programmes (DMP) have been advocated to improve long term outcomes of heart failure (HF) patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To summarise the evidence supporting DMP effectiveness in improving HF clinical outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eligible studies were located through a systematic literature search. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs), enrolling HF patients, and allocating them to DMP or usual care (UC), were included. Information on study setting and design, participants' characteristics and interventions tested were collected. A study quality assessment was performed. Main clinical outcomes assessed were: all-cause mortality and (re)hospitalisations, HF-related (re)hospitalisations and mortality. Meta-analysis was performed according to both Yusuf-Peto method and random effects model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thirty-three RCTs were included. Mortality was significantly reduced by DMP compared to UC: OR = 0.80 (CI 0.69-0.93, p = 0.003). All-cause and HF-related hospitalisation rates were also significantly reduced: OR = 0.76 (CI 0.69-0.94, p < 0.00001) and OR = 0.58 (CI 0.50-0.67, p < 0.00001), respectively. Different DMP approaches appeared to be equally effective (sensitivity analyses).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DMP reduce mortality and hospitalisations in HF patients. Because various types of DMP appear to be similarly effective, the choice of a specific programme depends on local health services characteristics, patient population, and resources available.
authors.affiliation: Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, and Hamilton Health Sciences, Ontario, Canada. rosaroccaforte@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roccaforte
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Demers
authors.forename: Fulvia
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baldassarre
authors.forename: Koon K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Teo
authors.forename: Salim
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yusuf
mesh_terms: D003695:Delivery of Health Care / Q000639:trends*; D019468:Disease Management; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D015397:Program Evaluation / Q000639:trends*; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome