title: Ultrasonographic diagnosis of glossoptosis in fetuses with Pierre Robin sequence in early and mid pregnancy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was undertaken to describe the sonographic features of fetal glossoptosis in the Pierre Robin sequence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fetal sonography was prospectively performed in 8000 consecutive pregnancies at 14 to 24 weeks' gestation. In addition we retrospectively reevaluated ultrasound recordings of 4 fetuses from other hospitals, in which the diagnosis of Pierre Robin sequence was overlooked at 22 weeks' gestation. Glossoptosis was defined as a posteriorly displaced tongue that never reached the anterior mandibular alveolar ridge while watching the fetal profile. Micrognathia, which is a component of the sequence, was subjectively defined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glossoptosis with micrognathia was detected in 2 fetuses in the prospective group at 14 and 15 weeks' gestation. Both pregnancies were terminated; the diagnosis was confirmed in 1 case where postmortem examination was performed. There were no false-negative diagnoses in the other 7.998 fetuses. Glossoptosis and micrognathia were observed in the 4 retrospective cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sonographic identification of glossoptosis with fetal micrognathia suggests the possibility of Pierre Robin sequence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rambam Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Moshe
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bronshtein
authors.forename: Shraga
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Blazer
authors.forename: Yaron
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zalel
authors.forename: Etan Z
authors.initials: EZ
authors.lastname: Zimmer
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D010855:Pierre Robin Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014059:Tongue / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal