title: [Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus: the thyroid disorders].
abstract: The prevalence of thyroid disorders has been studied in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by many studies. In general, thyroid dysfunction in chronic C hepatitis may include all forms of thyroid alterations, i.e. hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's disease and isolated increases in antithyroid autoantibodies. The prevalence of various thyroid disorders and serum anti-thyroid autoantibodies is generally higher in chronic hepatitis type C than in hepatitis B or D or control series. The results of most studies in patients with hepatitis C confirm a higher prevalence of autoimmune thyroid involvement and hypothyroidism than in controls. More recently, some epidemiological studies have suggested a possible association between HCV and thyroid cancer. These last data need to be confirmed by other studies, but seem to be sufficient to suggest careful thyroid monitoring during the follow-up of patients with HCV infection.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Pisa. a.antonelli@med.unipi.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonelli
authors.forename: Clodoveo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferri
authors.forename: Poupak
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fallahi
authors.forename: Silvia Martina
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Alessandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghinoi
authors.forename: Maria Teresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mascia
authors.forename: Ele
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ferrannini
mesh_terms: D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D006980:Hyperthyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000150:complications; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology; D013967:Thyroiditis, Autoimmune / Q000150:complications; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology