title: Pharmacokinetics of alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate in rats.
abstract: Many naturally occurring and synthetic isothiocyanates can inhibit chemical carcinogenesis in animal models. Recently, we found that alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (1-NITC) inhibited P-glycoprotein- and multidrug resistance associated protein 1-mediated efflux, indicating the potential application of 1-NITC as a chemosensitizing agent for cancer chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of 1-NITC in rats. A single dose of 10, 25, 50, or 75 mg/kg of 1-NITC was administered intravenously or orally to female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 4 for each group). Dose-normalized concentration-time profiles were not superimposable following intravenous or oral dosing, indicating that the disposition of 1-NITC in rats was nonlinear. As doses increased from 10 to 75 mg/kg following iv administration, the total clearance decreased from 2.2 +/- 0.9 to 0.8 +/- 0.3 L/h/kg; oral availability averaged 0.46 for oral doses of 10-75 mg/kg. A nonlinear two-compartment open model with capacity-limited absorption and capacity-limited elimination from the central compartment best fit the data, based on goodness-of-fit criteria. The mechanism underlying the nonlinear elimination of 1-NITC in rats is most likely due to the capacity-limited metabolism of 1-NITC. This study represents the first report of the pharmacokinetics of 1-NITC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Amherst, New York 14260, USA.
authors.forename: Ke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Marilyn E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Morris
mesh_terms: D015058:1-Naphthylisothiocyanate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008954:Models, Biological; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015058:1-Naphthylisothiocyanate