title: The rise of oxygen over the past 205 million years and the evolution of large placental mammals.
abstract: On the basis of a carbon isotopic record of both marine carbonates and organic matter from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary to the present, we modeled oxygen concentrations over the past 205 million years. Our analysis indicates that atmospheric oxygen approximately doubled over this period, with relatively rapid increases in the early Jurassic and the Eocene. We suggest that the overall increase in oxygen, mediated by the formation of passive continental margins along the Atlantic Ocean during the opening phase of the current Wilson cycle, was a critical factor in the evolution, radiation, and subsequent increase in average size of placental mammals.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA. falko@imcs.rutgers.edu
authors.forename: Paul G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Falkowski
authors.forename: Miriam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Allen J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Milligan
authors.forename: Katja
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fennel
authors.forename: Benjamin S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Cramer
authors.forename: Marie Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Aubry
authors.forename: Robert A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Berner
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Novacek
authors.forename: Warren M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Zapol
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001272:Atmosphere; D005075:Biological Evolution; D018533:Biomass; D049628:Body Size; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D002254:Carbonates; D005580:Fossils; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry; D008322:Mammals / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010788:Photosynthesis; D010839:Phytoplankton / Q000502:physiology; D010920:Placenta / Q000502:physiology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012098:Reproduction; D013460:Sulfur Isotopes / Q000032:analysis; D013696:Temperature; D013995:Time
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D002254:Carbonates; D013460:Sulfur Isotopes; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D002244:Carbon; D010100:Oxygen