title: Comparative in vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel quinolone, garenoxacin, against aerobic and anaerobic microbial isolates recovered from general, vascular, cardiothoracic and otolaryngologic surgical patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to analyse the susceptibility of unique and non-duplicate aerobic and anaerobic isolates from surgical patients to a novel des-F(6)-quinolone (garenoxacin) and other selected antimicrobial agents.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven hundred and eighty-five aerobic and anaerobic isolates from general, vascular, cardiothoracic and otolaryngologic surgical patients were tested for susceptibility to garenoxacin and seven other antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, clindamycin and metronidazole) using the referenced microbroth and agar-dilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Garenoxacin exhibited greater antimicrobial activity than comparator quinolones such as ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and other antimicrobials when tested against selected gram-positive organisms. The in vitro aerobic and anaerobic activity of garenoxacin was similar to that of moxifloxacin. All fluoroquinolones tested were effective against most gram-negative facultative anaerobes including Escherichia coli. Garenoxacin and moxifloxacin demonstrated similar in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria such as members of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Overall, the in vitro activity of the advanced spectrum quinolones against anaerobic surgical isolates compared favourably with selected comparator agents, metronidazole, imipenem and piperacillin/tazobactam.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that 82.4% of aerobic surgical isolates were susceptible to a concentration of garenoxacin < or = 1.0 mg/L, whereas 84.5% of the anaerobic isolates were susceptible to a garenoxacin concentration < or = 1.0 mg/L. Garenoxacin may be a valuable surgical anti-infective for treatment of serious head and neck, soft tissue, intra-abdominal and diabetic foot infections.
authors.affiliation: Division of Vascular Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. edmiston@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Edmiston
authors.forename: Candace J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Krepel
authors.forename: Karen S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Kehl
authors.forename: Gary R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Seabrook
authors.forename: Lewis B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Somberg
authors.forename: G Hossein
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Almassi
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Loehrl
authors.forename: Kellie R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Jonathan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Towne
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001372:Aza Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D001420:Bacteria, Aerobic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D015378:Imipenem / Q000494:pharmacology; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; D010397:Penicillanic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D010878:Piperacillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001372:Aza Compounds; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D008795:Metronidazole; D000077725:Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; D015378:Imipenem; D010397:Penicillanic Acid; D000077266:Moxifloxacin; C419689:garenoxacin; D010878:Piperacillin