title: Computer-assisted measurement of the size of ossification in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in patients may lead to serious neurological deterioration. A government-funded study group established a manual method of measurement on plain radiographs to detect progression of the ossified lesion. However, this method did not gain wide acceptance because it was time-consuming and complicated, for which drawings of many lines and points are required. We have applied a computer-assisted measurement system to this task and have evaluated inter- and intraexaminer reliability, showing that it is quicker to use and more accurate than the manual method.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight board-certified spine surgeons, acting as the examiners, measured the sizes of the ossified lesions on nine lateral cervical spine radiographs using the computer-assisted measurement system. Following insertion of digitized radiographic image data into a computer, the corners of the vertebral bodies on the displayed images are marked by the examiners, and the software automatically sets reference lines and points. The examiners identify upper, lower, and posterior margins of the ossified lesions, and the software calculates the dimensions of the ossified lesions. Data obtained from eight examiners for length and thickness underwent rigorous statistical analysis by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine interexaminer reliability and Pearson's correlation coefficients between the two measurements by the same examiner to determine intraexaminer reliability.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.927 and 0.968 with 95% CIs of 0.883-0.955 and 0.956-0.978 for measurements of length and thickness, respectively, of the ossified lesions. The Pearson's correlation coefficients for the two measurements by the same examiners were 0.943-0.985 for length and 0.957-0.991 for thickness.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The inter- and intraexaminer reliability using this measurement system was excellent. The method can detect progression of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) on plain radiographs with high precision and could become a standard method for measuring the size of OPLL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Nobuyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuzuki
authors.forename: Kensei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.forename: Motoki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yonenobu
mesh_terms: D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D006801:Humans; D015588:Observer Variation; D017887:Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D015203:Reproducibility of Results