title: Geniposide activates GSH S-transferase by the induction of GST M1 and GST M2 subunits involving the transcription and phosphorylation of MEK-1 signaling in rat hepatocytes.
abstract: Geniposide, an iridoid glycoside isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, has biological capabilities of detoxication, antioxidation, and anticarcinogenesis. We have recently found that geniposide possesses a potential for detoxication by inducing GST activity and the expression of GST M1 and GST M2 subunits. In this study, the signaling pathway of geniposide leading to the activation of GSH S-transferase (GST) was investigated. Primary cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with geniposide in the presence or absence of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors and examined for GST activity, expression of GST M1 and M2 subunits, and protein levels of MAPK signaling proteins. Western blotting data demonstrated that geniposide induced increased protein levels of GST M1 and GST M2 (approximately 1.76- and 1.50-fold of control, respectively). The effect of geniposide on the increased protein levels of GST M1 and GST M2 was inhibited by the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059, but not by other MAPK inhibitors. The GST M1 and GST M2 transcripts as determined by RT-PCR and GST activity were also inhibited concurrently by the MEK-1 inhibitor PD98059. The protein levels of up- and down-stream effectors of the MEK-1, including Ras, Raf, and Erk1/2, and the phosphorylation state of Erk1/2 were found to be induced by geniposide, indicating a two-phase influence of geniposide. The results suggest that geniposide induced GST activity and the expression of GST M1 and GST M2 acting through MEK-1 pathway by activating and increasing expression of Ras/Raf/MEK-1 signaling mediators.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Taichung General Hospital, ROC, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Wu-Hsien
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Fen-Pi
authors.initials: FP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: Shun-Chieh
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Young
authors.forename: Yun-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Chau-Jong
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D039823:Iridoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011714:Pyrans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; D039823:Iridoids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D048369:MAP Kinase Kinase 1; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D011714:Pyrans; C007835:geniposide; C412602:glutathione S-transferase Mu 2