title: Bronze baby syndrome and the risk of kernicterus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The problem of kernicterus in infants with bronze baby syndrome (BBS) has been reviewed on the basis of cases reported in the literature. In addition, a new case concerning an infant with severe Rh haemolytic disease, who presented with BBS and who has developed neurological manifestations of kernicterus with magnetic resonance images showing basal ganglia abnormalities, is presented. In this patient, the total serum bilirubin (TSB) concentration ranged from 18.0 to 22.8 mg/dl (306 to 388 micromol/l) and the bilirubin/albumin (B/A) ratio was 6.0 (mg/g) (6.8 is the value at which an exchange transfusion should be considered). The case presented is important due to the fact that kernicterus appeared after an exchange transfusion was performed when the TSB level reached 22.8 mg/dl (388 micromol/l) on 6th day of life while the haematocrit was 30%. From this case and from other cases reported in the literature, we must stress that, even if the level at which hyperbilirubinemia poses a threat remains undefined, BBS may constitute an additional risk of developing kernicterus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The possible strategies for implementing an approach to the management of hyperbilirubinemia (especially the haemolytic kind) in the presence of BBS may include an exchange transfusion carried out at lower TSB concentration than previously recommended or an early administration of Sn-mesoporphyrin.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, University of Florence School of Medicine, Careggi University Hospital, Viale Morgagni 85, 50134 Florence, Italy. giovanna.bertini@unifi.it
authors.forename: Giovanna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bertini
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dani
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fonda
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Zorzi
authors.forename: Firmino F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Rubaltelli
mesh_terms: D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000473:pathology; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007647:Kernicterus / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D010789:Phototherapy