title: The use of ultra filtration in trace metal speciation studies in sea water.
abstract: During this work, size fractionation technique "ultra filtration" is used in speciation studies of trace elements in the coastal sea water. Filtration is the most commonly used method to fractionate trace metal species, but often only "dissolved" and "particulate" fraction. The purpose of the present study is to determine colloidal and suspended particulate concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Mn in sea water. Suspended particulate matter were separated in three different size groups namely (>2.7 microm, <2.7->0.45 microm and <0.45->0.22 microm) by suction filtration using cellulose acetate and nitrate filter membranes. Thereafter to concentrate the solution with colloidal particle <0.22 microm-1.1 nm (0.5 k Nominal Molecular Weight cut-off Limit {NMWL}), the solution obtained from filtration through <0.22 microm, is sequentially passed through the ultra-filtration membranes having pore diameters of 14 nm (300 k NMWL), 3.1 nm (50 k NMWL), 2.2 nm (30 k NMWL), 1.6 nm (10 k NMWL) and 1.1 nm (0.5 k NMWL) by using Stirred Ultra-filtration Cells, operating in concentration mode. The concentration of Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Mn were measured in suspended and dissolved fraction by ion chromatography, ICP-AES and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. The salinity of the solution in various dissolved fractions of sequential filtration varies between 30.89-34.22 parts per thousand. The maximum concentrations of colloidal Zn, Cu, Ni and Mn in dissolved fraction were in <2.2->1.6 nm fraction. In case of Fe, colloidal fractions <2.2->1.6 nm and <1.6-<1.1 nm shows higher concentration. The concentration of Zn, Cu, Ni and Mn increase with decrease in size in suspended particulate matter, while the reverse is observed in case of Fe. This size separation data that specifies the partitioning of metals between dissolved and suspended solid phases is necessary for developing physically based models of metal transport in aquatic system.
authors.affiliation: Environmental Studies Section/Health Physics Division, Mod-Labs, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai-400085, India. rsinghal@apsara.barc.ernet.in
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Preetha
authors.forename: Rupali
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karpe
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tirumalesh
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Hegde
mesh_terms: D001578:Benzopyrans; D003102:Colloids / Q000032:analysis / Q000145:classification; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D006812:Humic Substances; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D010316:Particle Size; D012623:Seawater; D014462:Ultrafiltration; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D003102:Colloids; D006812:Humic Substances; D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C005023:fulvic acid