title: Effect of agricultural antibiotics on the persistence and transformation of 17beta-estradiol in a Sequatchie loam.
abstract: A laboratory incubation study was conducted to investigate the effect of agricultural antibiotics (sulfamethazine, tylosin, and chlortetracycline) on the persistence and transformation of 17beta-estradiol in Sequatchie loam. We measured concentrations of 17beta-estradiol and its primary metabolite (estrone) in soils spiked with antibiotics and 17beta-estradiol. Dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was also measured as an indicator of the total microbial activity of the soils. The presence of antibiotics significantly decreased transformation of 17beta-estradiol to estrone. There was a positive correlation between the DHA and the concentrations of estrone in soil spiked with 17beta-estradiol only, implying that the reaction is mainly catalyzed by dehydrogenases. However, the positive correlation was weakened in soil spiked with 17beta-estradiol and antibiotics together. We recommend that any study evaluating the fate and transport of estrogenic hormones in soil should include the effect of agricultural antibiotics because antibiotics and estrogenic hormones are commonly excreted together in environmental samples.
authors.affiliation: Biosystems Engineering and Environmental Science Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA. schun@utk.edu
authors.forename: Soul
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chun
authors.forename: Jaehoon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Geyer
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: D Raj
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Raman
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000378:metabolism; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D002751:Chlortetracycline / Q000737:chemistry; D004958:Estradiol / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000737:chemistry; D015645:Tylosin / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D012987:Soil; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D013418:Sulfamethazine; D004958:Estradiol; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D002751:Chlortetracycline; D015645:Tylosin