title: Fetal exposure to phytoestrogens--the difference in phytoestrogen status between mother and fetus.
abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate fetal exposure to phytoestrogens, estrogenic compounds derived from plants, by measuring serum concentrations of phytoestrogens in maternal and cord blood. This study included 51 mothers scheduled for cesarean section (C-section), to obtain the serum of mother and fetus at almost the same time. Serum concentrations of phytoestrogens, including genistein (Gen), daidzein (Dai), coumestrol (Cou), equol (Equ; a metabolite of Dai), and sulfate-conjugated Gen, were measured in maternal and cord blood samples by LC-MS/MS and HPLC. It was found that phytoestrogens were transferred from mother to fetus. The detection rates of Gen, Dai, Equ, and Cou in cord serum were 100%, 80%, 35%, and 0%, respectively. Levels of Gen and Dai were higher in cord than in maternal serum (mean=19.4 ng/ml vs.7.2 ng/ml and 4.3 ng/ml vs.1.8 ng/ml for Gen and Dai, respectively). However, a reverse pattern was seen for Equ (cord mean=0.9 ng/ml, maternal mean=2.0 ng/ml). The correlations were significant between the concentration levels of Gen and Dai, Gen and Equ, and Gen and Dai plus Equ in cord serum. However, in maternal serum, the correlations were weak. Also, in 8 of 10 cord serum samples, sulfate-conjugated Gen was detected (mean=5.2 ng/ml, standard deviation=4.7), but it was detected from only one maternal serum (8.7 ng/ml). This study demonstrates placental transfer of phytoestrogens from mother to fetus. It is suggested that the metabolic and/or excretion rates of phytoestrogens are different between mother and fetus and once phytoestrogens are transferred to the fetus, they tend to stay in the fetal side longer than in the maternal side. While the implications for the health and development of the newborn are not known, these data suggest that the effects of fetal exposure to phytoestrogens should be studied further.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: Emiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Todaka
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukata
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uzuki
authors.forename: Mariko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Omori
authors.forename: Hisao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Osada
authors.forename: Yumiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ikezuki
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Taisen
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Iguchi
authors.forename: Chisato
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000097:blood*; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D008875:Middle Aged; D048789:Phytoestrogens / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D007529:Isoflavones; D048789:Phytoestrogens