title: Inhibition of estrogen biosynthesis with a potent aromatase inhibitor increases predicted adult height in boys with idiopathic short stature: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In males as well as in females, estrogen is an essential regulator of bone maturation, growth plate fusion, and cessation of longitudinal growth. Therefore, an increase in predicted adult height (PAH) may be achieved in short boys by blocking estrogen biosynthesis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that a decrease in the rate of bone maturation and an increase in PAH can be achieved in boys with idiopathic short stature (ISS) by the method of blocking estrogen biosynthesis with an aromatase inhibitor. Secondarily, we investigated the effects of aromatase inhibition on bone mineralization.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo (Pl)-controlled clinical study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was performed at a university hospital out-patient clinic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one boys, aged 9.0-14.5 yr, with ISS were studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The boys were treated with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (Lz; 2.5 mg/d) or Pl for 2 yr.
  
  
  METHODS
  The main outcome measure was the change in PAH after 24 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PAH increased by 5.9 cm (P < 0.0001), and height SD score for bone age increased by 0.7 SD score (P < 0.0001) in the Lz-treated boys, whereas no changes occurred in the respective measures in Pl-treated boys. Areal bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and femoral neck, assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, increased in a similar fashion in both groups during the treatment, whereas bone mineral apparent density increased only in those taking Lz (median increase, 4.3%; P = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with the aromatase inhibitor Lz delays bone maturation and improves PAH in boys with ISS. No adverse effects on bone mineralization were evident after 2 yr of treatment.
authors.affiliation: Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hero
authors.forename: Ensio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Norjavaara
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Dunkel
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001827:Body Height / Q000187:drug effects*; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects; D002648:Child; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006128:Growth / Q000187:drug effects; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D000077289:Letrozole; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009570:Nitriles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011379:Prognosis; D011627:Puberty; D014230:Triazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D047072:Aromatase Inhibitors; D004965:Estrogen Antagonists; D006728:Hormones; D009570:Nitriles; D014230:Triazoles; D000077289:Letrozole