[Update on contraception].
Since the introduction of hormonal contraceptives in the 1960s, great advances have been achieved in contraception. Biological effects of sexual steroids as well as risks and benefits of oral contraception are better estimated. After the development of a new hormone-containing intra-uterine system, new hormone delivery systems offer women safe and effective contraceptive options. These new options that combine high efficacy and ease of use should allow better acceptance and compliance than daily pill ingestion and should then reduce the high rate of unintended pregnancies terminated by elective abortion. Transdermal contraceptive system and vaginal ring offer a promising innovative approach in pregnancy prevention. Subdermal implants give women the choice of a highly effective contraceptive system in spite of significant side effects. New hormonal delivery systems such as injectables are under development. Hysteroscopic tubal sterilization is now also available and is a very effective procedure. This wide variety of new contraceptive methods offers a marked improvement from previous medications for users by providing better efficacy and tolerability.
Graesslin
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O
Institut Mère-Enfant Alix-de-Champagne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 45, rue Cognacq-Jay, 51092 Reims Cedex. ograesslin@chu-reims.fr
Quereux
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C
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003267:Contraception / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D044363:Contraception, Postcoital; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D011372:Progestins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects
D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D003277:Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; D004967:Estrogens; D011372:Progestins