title: Colors of the daytime overcast sky.
abstract: Time-series measurements of daylight (skylight plus direct sunlight) spectra beneath overcast skies reveal an unexpectedly wide gamut of pastel colors. Analyses of these spectra indicate that at visible wavelengths, overcasts are far from spectrally neutral transmitters of the daylight incident on their tops. Colorimetric analyses show that overcasts make daylight bluer and that the amount of bluing increases with cloud optical depth. Simulations using the radiative-transfer model MODTRAN4 help explain the observed bluing: multiple scattering within optically thick clouds greatly enhances spectrally selective absorption by water droplets. However, other factors affecting overcast colors seen from below range from minimal (cloud-top heights) to moot (surface colors).
authors.affiliation: Mathematics and Science Division, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402, USA. raylee@usna.edu
authors.forename: Raymond L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hernández-Andrés