title: Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics in the European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single i.v. injection and bath administration.
abstract: Enrofloxacin pharmacokinetics were studied in European cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, after a single 5 mg/kg i.v. injection or a 2.5 mg/L 5 h bath. A pilot study with two animals was also performed following a 10 mg/kg p.o. administration. The concentration of enrofloxacin in hemolymph was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived from compartmental methods. In the i.v. study, the terminal half-life (t(1/2)), apparent volume of distribution, and systemic clearance were respectively 1.81 h, 385 mL/kg, and 4.71 mL/min/kg. Following bath administration the t(1/2), peak hemolymph concentration (C(max)), and area under the curve to infinity (AUC(0-infinity)) were 1.01 h, 0.5 +/- 0.12 mug/mL, and 0.98 microg.h/mL, respectively. After oral administration, the t(1/2), C(max), and AUC(0-infinity) were 1.01 h, 10.95 microg/mL, 26.71 mug.h/mL, respectively. The active metabolite of enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, was not detected in any samples tested. The hemolymph concentration was still above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for shrimp and fish bacterial isolates at 6 h after i.v. administration, therefore, a dose of 5 mg/kg i.v. every 8-12 h is suggested for additional studies of efficacy. The C(max) value for the water bath was lower than for the i.v. study, but a bath of 2.5 mg/L for 5 h once to twice daily is suggested for additional studies to test efficacy against highly susceptible organisms. Although only two animals were used for the oral study, a dose of 10 mg/kg produced hemolymph concentrations of enrofloxacin that were in a range consistent with therapeutic efficacy in other species.
authors.affiliation: College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Gore
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kukanich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forsythe
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Lewbart
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Papich
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects; D049832:Decapodiformes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000382:microbiology; D000077422:Enrofloxacin; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007101:Immersion; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests
chemical_list: D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D000077422:Enrofloxacin