title: The beneficial effects of group-based exercises on fall risk profile and physical activity persist 1 year postintervention in older women with low bone mass: follow-up after withdrawal of exercise.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether exercise-induced reductions in fall risk are maintained in older women 1 year after the cessation of three types of interventions--resistance training, agility training, and general stretching.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-year observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-eight women aged 75 to 85 with low bone mass.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary outcome measure was fall risk, measured using the Physiological Profile Assessment tool. Secondary outcome measures were current physical activity level, assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, and formal exercise participation, assessed using an interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the end of the follow-up, the fall risk of former participants of all three exercise programs was maintained (i.e., still reduced) from trial completion. Mean fall risk value at the end of follow-up was 43.3% lower than mean baseline value in former participants of the resistance-training group, 40.1% lower in the agility-training group, and 37.4% lower in the general stretching group. Physical activity levels were also maintained from trial completion. Specifically, there was a 3.8% increase in physical activity from baseline for the resistance-training group, a 29.2% increase for the agility-training group, and a 37.7% increase for the general stretching group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  After three types of group-based exercise programs, benefits are sustained for at least 12 months without further formal exercise intervention. Thus, these 6-month exercise interventions appeared to act as a catalyst for increasing physical activity with resultant reductions in fall risk profile that were maintained for at least 18 months in older women with low bone mass.
authors.affiliation: UBC Bone Health Research Group: Center for Hip Health, BC Women's Hospital and Health Center Osteoporosis Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
authors.forename: Teresa Y L
authors.initials: TY
authors.lastname: Liu-Ambrose
authors.forename: Karim M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Janice J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Eng
authors.forename: Graham L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: Stephen R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Lord
authors.forename: Heather A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015519:Bone Density; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D009043:Motor Activity; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D010809:Physical Fitness; D012306:Risk