title: Management of close-range, high-energy shotgun and rifle wounds to the face.
abstract: Close-range, high-energy shotgun wounds of the face are life-threatening and devastating traumas of the face. Suicidal attempts are the main reason in the great majority of the patients in civilian life. There is no consensus on the timing of reconstruction for bone and soft tissue defects resulting from high-energy shotgun wounds. The conventional method is primary repair as soon as possible and serial debridements and definitive reconstruction in the delayed stage. An alternative to this approach is the immediate definitive surgical reconstruction of the patient during the first operation for acute management of trauma. We had 15 patients with close-range, high-energy shotgun wounds in 10 years. Six of 15 patients referred to our center for definitive reconstruction after the acute management of the patients were performed in another center and the rest were all admitted in the acute period. Either conventional approach with delayed reconstruction for 10 patients or immediate definitive surgical reconstruction for 5 patients was used. Immediate reconstruction eliminated disadvantages of the conventional method such as high infection and scarring rate and deformities resulting from contraction of tissues. The emotional conditions of the patients were evaluated and major depression signs were determined. Functional evaluation showed that there was great correlation between facial appearance after reconstruction and social activity level.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey. vayvada@ipras.net
authors.forename: Haluk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Vayvada
authors.forename: Adnan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Menderes
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Fahri
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mola
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kzlkaya
authors.forename: Atay
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Atabey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002921:Cicatrix / Q000601:surgery; D003646:Debridement; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004644:Emotions; D004954:Esthetics; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005389:Firearms / Q000145:classification; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D022125:Lacerations / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012919:Social Behavior; D013406:Suicide, Attempted; D013997:Time Factors; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000145:classification / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*