title: Cortical allograft as a vehicle for antibiotic delivery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Infection can be a devastating complication after implantation of a cortical bone allograft. The allograft could act as a vehicle for local antibiotic prophylaxis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the release of antibiotics in vitro from cortical bone allografts impregnated with antibiotics for different periods of time. We also studied whether cortical allografts impregnated with antibiotics could eradicate Staphylococcus aureus from an experimentally infected graft in vivo. In the in vitro study, pieces of cortical bone were impregnated with netilmicin, vancomycin, ciprofloxacin and rifampicin for 1 h, 10 h and 100 h. The antibiotics were eluted into phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for 7 days, with daily transfer of the bone into fresh PBS. In the in vivo study, cortical allografts impregnated with antibiotics were placed in rats intramuscularly. 10 microL of an S. aureus suspension (0.6 x 10(5) CFU) was placed in the intramedullary cavity. After 15 days, the allografts were removed and examined for bacterial growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The amount of antibiotics released in vitro was influenced by the time used for antibiotic impregnation of the bone. Allografts impregnated with netilmicin, vancomycin and rifampicin effectively eradicated perioperative contamination with S. aureus in vivo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that a cortical bone allograft would be an effective vehicle for local antibiotic delivery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. eivind.witso@stolav.no
authors.forename: Eivind
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Witsø
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Persen
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Benum
authors.forename: Kåre
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bergh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D016025:Bone Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D005269:Femur / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology / Q000637:transplantation; D009428:Netilmicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012293:Rifampin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D014640:Vancomycin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009428:Netilmicin; D014640:Vancomycin; D012293:Rifampin