title: Measured visual field extent varies with peripheral stimulus flicker rate in very young children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this article is to describe measured visual field extent in very young children in response to variation in peripheral stimulus flicker rate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Binocular visual field extent was measured using a black, double-arc perimeter and an LED static perimetry procedure in 120 11-month-old, 120 17-month-old, and 120 30-month-old children and 40 adults. Each subject was tested with one of four flicker rates: 1 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz, or 40 Hz. An interpolated estimate of the eccentricity at which 50% of subjects detected the peripheral stimulus and the mean of the farthest eccentricity at which subjects detected the peripheral stimulus were calculated for each flicker rate for each age group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 11-, 17-, and 30-month-old children, but not in adults, measured visual field extent (eccentricity at which the stimulus was detected) varied significantly with rate of stimulus flicker. The largest measured visual field extent was produced by a 10-Hz stimulus and the smallest was produced by 1-Hz and 40-Hz stimuli. Measured visual field extent in children was similar to that of adults for 10-Hz flicker, but smaller than that of adults for 1-Hz, 20-Hz, and 40-Hz flicker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results underscore the importance of standardizing stimulus parameters when developing tests for clinical assessment of visual fields in children. Furthermore, for longitudinal assessment of young patients, use of a 10-Hz flicker rate, in combination with the other parameters used in the present study, would help to avoid difficulties in interpretation that could arise from an interaction between age-related and disease-related changes that might occur if other stimulus flicker rates were used.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, 655 North Alvernon Way, Tucson, AZ 85711, USA. delaney@u.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Suzanne M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Delaney
authors.forename: Velma
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dobson
authors.forename: Kathleen M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Mohan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005425:Flicker Fusion / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012684:Sensory Thresholds; D015348:Vision, Binocular / Q000502:physiology; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods; D014794:Visual Fields / Q000502:physiology*