title: Mild to moderate cystic fibrosis is not associated with increased fracture risk in children and adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF), pancreatic insufficiency (PI), and mild-to-moderate lung disease have an increased risk of fracture compared with concurrent healthy control subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A lifetime fracture history questionnaire was administered to 186 subjects (ages 6 to 25 years) with CF, PI and mild-to-moderate lung disease and 427 healthy white control subjects (ages 4 to 25 years).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A fracture was reported by 24% of subjects with CF and 23% of healthy control subjects. Average age of first fracture was similar between the groups (8.3 years for subjects and 8.8 years for controls). The radius/ulna was the most common fracture site in both groups. Risk of fracture, adjusted for sex and age, was not greater in the CF group compared with the control group (hazard ratio: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.30, P = .82).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children and adolescents with CF, PI, and mild-to-moderate lung disease were not at an increased risk of fracture.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Alisha J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Rovner
authors.forename: Babette S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Zemel
authors.forename: Mary B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: Joan I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Schall
authors.forename: Virginia A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stallings
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications*; D010188:Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index