Patients and computers as reminders to screen for diabetes in family practice. Randomized-controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
In New Zealand, more than 5% of people aged 50 years and older have undiagnosed diabetes; most of them attend family practitioners (FPs) at least once a year.


OBJECTIVE
To test the effectiveness of patients or computers as reminders to screen for diabetes in patients attending FPs.


METHODS
A randomized-controlled trial compared screening rates in 4 intervention arms: patient reminders, computer reminders, both reminders, and usual care. The trial lasted 2 months. The patient reminder was a diabetes risk self-assessment sheet filled in by patients and given to the FP during the consultation. The computer reminder was an icon that flashed only for patients considered eligible for screening.


METHODS
One hundred and seven FPs.


METHODS
The primary outcome was whether each eligible patient, who attended during the trial, was or was not tested for blood glucose. Analysis was by intention to treat and allowed for clustering by FP.


RESULTS
Patient reminders (odds ratio [OR] 1.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21, 2.43), computer reminders (OR 2.55, 1.68, 3.88), and both reminders (OR 1.69, 1.11, 2.59) were all effective compared with usual care. Computer reminders were more effective than patient reminders (OR 1.49, 1.07, 2.07). Patients were more likely to be screened if they visited the FP repeatedly, if patients were non-European, if they were "regular" patients of the practice, and if their FP had a higher screening rate prior to the study.


CONCLUSIONS
Patient and computer reminders were effective methods to increase screening for diabetes. However, the effects were not additive.
Kenealy
Tim
T
Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Auckland, Aukland, New Zealand. t.kenealy@auckland.ac.nz
Arroll
Bruce
B
Petrie
Keith J
KJ
D000368:Aged; D003201:Computers; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005194:Family Practice; D006801:Humans; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D017010:Reminder Systems; D016896:Treatment Outcome