title: A new rate index for environmental monitoring of combined reuse/recycle packaging systems.
abstract: It is shown that the conventional recycling rate fails to reflect environmental performance for packaging flows with both recycle and reuse. The reuse rate, the total number of reuse trips and the reuse- lifetime are also shown to be inadequate. A new rate index defined in terms of the total amount of packaging material reaching the consumer is proposed. It reflects immediate improvements in environmental impact according to specific criteria and it reduces to the conventional rate for systems with only recycle. Albeit this shortcut environmental assessment is not entirely comprehensive and does not unveil a full sustainability profile, it may be useful for immediate packaging flow evaluation and policy implementation. For given packaging production technology it reveals a specific maximum level on recycling, below which environmental impacts from processing are limited or reduced, even if production level grows. Cleaner technologies in reprocessing of recycled materials may elevate this maximum level while still limiting or reducing environmental impacts.
authors.affiliation: ANION Environmental Ltd, Athens Greece. anion@otenet.gr
authors.forename: Christos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Tsiliyannis
mesh_terms: D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control; D005062:European Union; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D019064:Product Packaging / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence
chemical_list: D007220:Industrial Waste