title: Guidelines for brain imaging in vascular dementia clinical trials.
abstract: Imaging should be included in the workup of dementia patients and is mandatory for the diagnosis of vascular dementia (VaD). MRI is the preferred imaging modality and should include axial T2 and FLAIR, preferably accompanied by a 3D T1-weighted sequence in clinical trials to determine white-matter lesions, infarcts, lacunes, and atrophy. Gradient echo images are needed for microbleeds. Diagnostic criteria should be operationalized and validated visual rating scales are available. In clinical trials, standardized acquisition protocols and central data analysis are mandatory. More work is needed to determine the natural progression in VaD and the possible use of MRI-based outcome measures.
authors.affiliation: Image Analysis Centre, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. f.barkhof@vumc.nl
authors.forename: Frederik
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barkhof
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D015140:Dementia, Vascular / Q000175:diagnosis*; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed