title: Benefits of sodium hexametaphosphate-containing chewing gum for extrinsic stain inhibition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to examine the ability of sodium hexametaphosphate delivered from a chewing gum to prevent extrinsic tooth stain formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a negative-controlled, randomized, two-period crossover design, with a 10-day washout period between treatments. The two treatments were a chewing gum containing 5.6% sodium hexametaphosphate and a negative control chewing gum. Eleven subjects who met study criteria were enrolled, and 10 completed the study over a two-week period. Each treatment period lasted approximately 48 hours and was separated by a washout period. After a dental prophylaxis, a digital image of the anterior teeth was taken to assess baseline stain. The three-day stain induction phase consisted of the patient using a 10 ml 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse for 60 seconds, followed by chewing two pellets/sticks of their assigned gum for five minutes and rinsing with 10 ml of cold tea solution for 60 seconds. No oral hygiene was permitted other than use of the test products. During both treatment periods, each subject followed the same regimen eight times, once per hour, throughout the day.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On Days 2 and 3, the adjusted mean L* measurement was statistically significantly greater for the sodium hexametaphosphate gum than for the control gum. Moreover, nine of the 10 subjects had whiter teeth while on the experimental gum treatment at both Day 2 and Day 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study support that sodium hexametaphosphate delivered from a chewing gum prevents dental stain formation and leads to a patient-desired whitening benefit.
authors.affiliation: Procter & Gamble Health Care Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA. pa@pg.com
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Aaron R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Biesbrock
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bartizek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002638:Chewing Gum; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000009:adverse effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009067:Mouthwashes / Q000009:adverse effects; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023861:Photography, Dental; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D014075:Tooth Discoloration / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D002638:Chewing Gum; D003802:Dentifrices; D009067:Mouthwashes; D010710:Phosphates; C009285:sodium polymetaphosphate; D002710:Chlorhexidine