Bidi and cigarette smoking and risk of acute myocardial infarction among males in urban India.
Death from myocardial infarction (MI) in India is exacerbated by smoking of bidis or cigarettes. Smoking among 309 men with incident MI was compared to 618 age matched controls; 56% of the individuals with MI and 26% of controls were current smokers. Current smokers had a relative risk of 4.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2 to 6.9) compared to never smokers. Relative risks for smoking more than 10 cigarettes or 10 bidis daily were 9.1 (95% CI 4.7 to 17.7) and 8.1 (95% CI 4.3 to 15.3), respectively. It is estimated that smoking may cause 53% (95% CI 47% to 64%) of MIs among urban males in India.
Rastogi
T
T
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. TRASTOGI@post.harvard.edu
Jha
P
P
Reddy
K S
KS
Prabhakaran
D
D
Spiegelman
D
D
Stampfer
M J
MJ
Willett
W C
WC
Ascherio
A
A
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data