title: Reducing the risk of sexually transmitted infections in genitourinary medicine clinic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of behavioural interventions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Are behavioural interventions effective in reducing the rate of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic patients?
  
  
  METHODS
  Systematic review and meta-analysis of published articles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychINFO, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Cochrane Library Controlled Clinical Trials Register, National Research Register (1966 to January 2004).
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomised controlled trials of behavioural interventions in sexual health clinic patients were included if they reported change to STI rates or self reported sexual behaviour. Trial quality was assessed using the Jadad score and results pooled using random effects meta-analyses where outcomes were consistent across studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  14 trials were included; 12 based in the United States. Experimental interventions were heterogeneous and most control interventions were more structured than typical UK care. Eight trials reported data on laboratory confirmed infections, of which four observed a greater reduction in their intervention groups (in two cases this result was statistically significant, p < 0.05). Seven trials reported consistent condom use, of which six observed a greater increase among their intervention subjects. Results for other measures of sexual behaviour were inconsistent. Success in reducing STIs was related to trial quality, use of social cognition models, and formative research in the target population. However, effectiveness was not related to intervention format or length.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  While results were heterogeneous, several trials observed reductions in STI rates. The most effective interventions were developed through extensive formative research. These findings should encourage further research in the United Kingdom where new approaches to preventing STIs are urgently required.
authors.affiliation: Public Health, South Worcestershire PrimaryCare Trust, Worcester, UK. derek.ward@hobtpct.nhs.uk
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Pattison
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Radcliffe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D017280:Condoms / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012747:Sexual Partners; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*