title: Targeted elimination of prostate cancer by genetically directed human T lymphocytes.
abstract: The genetic transfer of antigen receptors is a powerful approach to rapidly generate tumor-specific T lymphocytes. Unlike the physiologic T-cell receptor, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) encompass immunoglobulin variable regions or receptor ligands as their antigen recognition moiety, thus permitting T cells to recognize tumor antigens in the absence of human leukocyte antigen expression. CARs encompassing the CD3zeta chain as their activating domain induce T-cell proliferation in vitro, but limited survival. The requirements for genetically targeted T cells to function in vivo are less well understood. We have, therefore, established animal models to assess the therapeutic efficacy of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an antigen expressed in prostate cancer cells and the neovasculature of various solid tumors. In vivo specificity and antitumor activity were assessed in mice bearing established prostate adenocarcinomas, using serum prostate-secreted antigen, magnetic resonance, computed tomography, and bioluminescence imaging to investigate the response to therapy. In three tumor models, orthotopic, s.c., and pulmonary, we show that PSMA-targeted T cells effectively eliminate prostate cancer. Tumor eradication was directly proportional to the in vivo effector-to-tumor cell ratio. Serial imaging further reveals that the T cells must survive for at least 1 week to induce durable remissions. The eradication of xenogeneic tumors in a murine environment shows that the adoptively transferred T cells do not absolutely require in vivo costimulation to function. These results thus provide a strong rationale for undertaking phase I clinical studies to assess PSMA-targeted T cells in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Terence P F
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Gade
authors.forename: Waleed
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hassen
authors.forename: Elmer
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: Gertrude
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gunset
authors.forename: Aurore
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saudemont
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Renier
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brentjens
authors.forename: Xiao-Song
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stefanski
authors.forename: Clay
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lyddane
authors.forename: Joseph R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Osborne
authors.forename: Ian M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Buchanan
authors.forename: Simon J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Warren D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Heston
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rivière
authors.forename: Steven M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Koutcher
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sadelain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000276:immunology; D016219:Immunotherapy, Adoptive / Q000379:methods*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000556:secondary / Q000628:therapy; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016513:Mice, SCID; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D014161:Transduction, Genetic
chemical_list: D000954:Antigens, Surface; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C054979:antigen T cell receptor, zeta chain; C473848:FOLH1 protein, human; D043425:Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II