title: Interleukin-1alpha enhances IL-8 secretion through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and reactive oxygen species signaling in human pancreatic cancer cells.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Interleukin (IL)-1alpha plays an important role in modulating the expression of various growth factors and angiogenic factors in tumor cells. In here, we investigated effect of IL-1alpha on IL-8 secretion in human pancreatic cancer cells and underlying signal transduction pathways.
  
  
  METHODS
  IL-8 expression and secretion by pancreatic cancer cells was measured by Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Activation of extracellular signal regulated kinases-1/2 (ERK-1/2), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-jun aminoterminal kinase, Akt, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) was determined by Western blot. Involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were examined by measuring the H2O2. Activity of activator factor-1 (AP-1) and NF-kappaB was examined by electrophoretic mobility sift assay (EMSA). Proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide dye reduction method and cell count.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-1alpha modulated IL-8 secretion and induced activation of ERK-1/2 and p38 MAPK. Specific inhibitors for MEK-1 and p38 MAPK suppressed IL-8 secretion. IL-1alpha also induced production of ROS. Exogenous H2O2 enhanced IL-8 secretion and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) prevented IL-1alpha-induced ROS production and IL-8 secretion. EMSA confirmed that IL-1alpha increased DNA-binding activity of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Inhibitors and ROS scavenger studies revealed that upstream signalings for AP-1 and NF-kappaB were MAPK and ROS, respectively. Conditioned media from pancreatic cancer cells pretreated with IL-1alpha remarkably stimulated in vitro HUVECs growth.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that MAPK/AP-1 and ROS/NF-kappaB signaling pathways are involved in IL-1alpha-induced IL-8 secretion and that these paracrine signaling pathways enhance endothelial cell proliferation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kawasumi 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan. cb8h-swi@asahi-net.or.jp
authors.forename: Hirozumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sawai
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Funahashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takeyama
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Manabe
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000502:physiology*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases