title: Cyclophosphamide followed by fludarabine for untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase II SWOG TRIAL 9706.
abstract: B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) accounts for 95% of chronic leukemia cases and 25% of all leukemia. Despite the prevalence of CLL, progress in its treatment has been only modest over the past three decades. Based upon the ability of fludarabine to produce high-grade remissions especially among patients with low initial tumor mass, and the ability of alkylators to reduce tumor mass, we hypothesized that sequential administration of a limited number of cycles of intermediate-dose cyclophosphamide followed by fludarabine could result in a larger percentage of patients with complete remissions (CRs). In all, 27 of the 49 eligible patients achieved overall responses of CR, unconfirmed complete remission (UCR), or PR, for a total response rate of 55% (95% confidence interval (CI) 40-69%). Considering the confounding medical issues of this patient population with advanced aggressive disease, the regimen was generally well tolerated. This study demonstrates that high-dose cyclophosphamide followed by fludarabine was relatively well tolerated in this group of advanced CLL patients. The study's criterion for testing whether the regimen is sufficiently effective to warrant further investigation was met: 14 (32%) of the first 44 eligible patients achieved CR or UCR.
authors.affiliation: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Myeloma Program, Cleveland, OH, USA. pubs@swog.org
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hussein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gundacker
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Head
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Elias
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Foon
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Boldt
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Dobin
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Dakhil
authors.forename: G T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Budd
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Appelbaum
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D015451:Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives
chemical_list: D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D014740:Vidarabine; C024352:fludarabine