title: Extrapancreatic lesions in autoimmune pancreatitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine extrapancreatic lesions associated with autoimmune pancreatitis.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Autoimmune pancreatitis is a unique clinical entity proposed recently, and is reported to occasionally be associated with other autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  METHODS
  Extrapancreatic lesions were examined clinically, radiologically, and histologically in 25 patients with autoimmune pancreatitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Stenosis of the bile duct was observed in 22 patients (lower bile duct [n = 19], upper bile duct [n = 1], intrahepatic bile duct [n = 2]). Marked extrapancreatic bile duct wall thickening not associated with obvious cholangiographic abnormality was seen on ultrasound in 3 patients. Enlargement of the salivary glands and cervical lymph nodes was detected in 4 patients. Abdominal lymphadenopathy was observed in 5 of 8 patients at laparotomy. Retroperitoneal fibrosis was noted in 2 patients. Obliterative phlebitis of the pancreatic and peripancreatic veins was observed histologically in all 6 resected specimens. Marked stenosis of the portal vein and encasement of the peripancreatic arteries was observed in 4 and 8 of 14 patients who underwent abdominal angiography, respectively. Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in 13 patients. All associated extrapancreatic lesions except diabetes mellitus improved after steroid therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extrapancreatic lesions found to be occasionally associated with autoimmune pancreatitis were stenosis of the bile duct, enlargement of the salivary glands, abdominal or cervical lymphadenopathy, retroperitoneal fibrosis, stenosis of the peripancreatic arteries or portal vein, and diabetes mellitus. It is possible that these lesions are induced by the same inflammatory mechanisms as autoimmune pancreatitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Komagome Hospital, 3-18-22 Honkomagome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8677, Japan. kamisawa@cick.jp
authors.forename: Terumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamisawa
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Egawa
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakajima
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuruta
authors.forename: Atsutake
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okamoto
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000175:diagnosis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008206:Lymphatic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000175:diagnosis; D011169:Portal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D012185:Retroperitoneal Fibrosis / Q000175:diagnosis; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional