title: Routine transesophageal echocardiography for the evaluation of cerebral emboli in elderly patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Approximately 20% of cerebral infarctions are cardioembolic in nature. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is widely regarded as the initial study of choice for evaluating cardiac source of embolism. Although the majority of cerebrovascular accidents occur in elderly patients, the value of TEE in this population is poorly defined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared 491 patients older than 65 years with suspected embolic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) who had undergone TEE evaluation between April 2000 and February 2004 to an age-, sex-, and time-matched control group that consisted of 252 patients. Studies were reviewed for abnormalities associated with thromboembolic disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of stroke risk factors was significantly higher in the study than in the control group. However, the four patients with left atrial thrombi had a history of atrial fibrillation. Although ascending and aortic arch sessile atheromata were observed more frequently in the study than control group, there were no significant differences in the incidence of either complex or mobile aortic atheromata. The incidence of atrial septal aneurysm was higher in the stroke/TIA group, but not in association with patent foramen ovale. Finally, there were also no differences in the incidence of spontaneous echocontrast, and/or patent foramen ovale between study and control groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude: (1) There is a higher incidence of abnormalities implicated as sources of thromboembolic disease on TEE in elderly patients with cerebral infarctions, but (2) this incidence is driven by the presence of sessile aortic atheroma and atrial septal aneurysm. Until the benefits of specific therapies for these conditions are known, routine TEE in elderly patients with suspected embolic neurological events appears to be unwarranted.
authors.affiliation: University Hospitals of Cleveland and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-5038, USA.
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vitebskiy
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox
authors.forename: Brian D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Hoit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001013:Aorta, Thoracic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001018:Aortic Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000150:complications; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D005260:Female; D006322:Heart Aneurysm / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D020766:Intracranial Embolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*