title: Magnetic resonance angiography evaluation of external carotid artery tributaries in moyamoya disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  High-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) image has been introduced to diagnose and follow-up moyamoya disease and visualized moyamoya vessels and internal carotid artery stenosis. This study was performed to assess the utility of MR angiography (MRA) for the evaluation of anastomotic channels through the external carotid artery (ECA) in moyamoya disease patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with moyamoya disease were reviewed. The cortical anastomosis and superficial temporal artery (STA), middle meningeal artery, and deep temporal artery by MRA were evaluated and were compared with those by digital subtraction angiography if obtained. Fifteen patients (24 hemispheres) underwent bypass surgery, including encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis in 14 hemispheres and STA-middle cerebral artery anastomosis with encephalomyosinangiosis in 10 hemispheres. Five patients did not undergo any surgery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MRA could show these vessels and the patency of anastomosis formed by the surgery and also showed naturally formed anastomosis and ECA tributaries in the patients who did not undergo any surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MRA provides useful information for follow-up evaluation on the development of the ECA system in moyamoya disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan. mhonda@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Honda
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
authors.forename: Keisuke
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Makio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaminogo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015901:Angiography, Digital Subtraction / Q000592:standards; D002342:Carotid Artery, External / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002536:Cerebral Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002548:Cerebral Revascularization / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D008297:Male; D008576:Meningeal Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D009072:Moyamoya Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D013699:Temporal Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome