title: Differential pattern of CCR1 internalization in human eosinophils: prolonged internalization by CCL5 in contrast to CCL3.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Whereas recent studies underlie the fundamental importance of the CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) for the recruitment of eosinophils in allergic diseases, controversial data exist about the relevance of CCR1 on eosinophils. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and regulation of CCR1 on eosinophils.
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow cytometric analysis of whole blood eosinophils and CD16-negative selected eosinophils from healthy nonatopic donors and from patients with atopic disorders was performed and CCR1 receptor internalization and re-expression were studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Flow cytometric analysis of whole blood eosinophils revealed that 17.8% of the donors expressed high levels of CCR1 (CCR1high) and 82.2% low levels of CCR1 (CCR1low). A significant down-regulation of CCR1 was induced by 24 h preincubation of isolated eosinophils from CCR1high donors either with IL-3, CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL5, CCL7, or CCL13. Internalization experiments using eosinophils from CCR1high donors revealed that CCL5 is more effective to induce CCR1 internalization than CCL3. Whereas CCR1 re-expression after stimulation with CCL3 reached prestimulation levels (120 min: 81.3% relative CCR1 surface expression) CCL5 induced a prolonged CCR1 internalization (120 min: 15.7%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrates a distinct pattern of CCR1 internalization and re-expression in human eosinophils between CCL3 and CCL5, as CCL5 induces a prolonged CCR1 internalization and the basic value is not reached after 24 h. Since prolonged receptor internalization plays a central role in chemokine-mediated inhibition of receptor function, CCR1 seems to be an attractive target on human eosinophils for chemokine receptor blockade besides CCR3.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Elsner
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Dulkys
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Escher
authors.forename: W-G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Forssmann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kapp
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Forssmann
mesh_terms: D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006969:Hypersensitivity, Immediate; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: C492767:CCL3L1 protein, human; C483024:CCL5 protein, human; C515300:CCR1 protein, human; D018946:Chemokine CCL5; D019742:Chemokines, CC; D054389:Receptors, CCR1; D019707:Receptors, Chemokine; D011994:Recombinant Proteins