title: Radiation therapy, bypass operation and celiac plexus block in patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The great majority of pancreatic cancers are unresectable due to local invasion and/or distant metastasis. The treatment options for such patients include bypass operation, celiac plexus block, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy and immunotherapy. RT is divided into intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and external radiation therapy (ERT). Appropriate palliative treatment remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our experience with palliative treatments including bypass operation, celiac plexus block and RT (IORT and ERT) was retrospectively reviewed in 31 Japanese patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. The 31 patients consisted of seven with no RT, six with ERT alone, seven with IORT alone and 11 with both IORT and ERT. Gastrojejunostomy was performed in 25 patients and biliary bypass was done in 29 patients for the therapeutic or prophylactic purpose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patients developed gastroduodenal obstruction or jaundice until death. Imaging findings after the treatment showed a decrease in tumor size in 11 of the 18 patients examined, an increase in four and no change in the other three. Of 19 patients complaining of back pain before the operation, the pain had disappeared in 12 but persisted in the other seven after the operation. No patients developed back pain after the treatment. Of the 12 patients with pain relief, nine had both RT and celiac plexus block, two RT alone and the other neither RT nor celiac block. Cumulative 0.5-year and 1.0-year survival rates in the group with RT(-), ERT alone, IORT alone IORT and ERT and IORT were 42.9%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 0%, 33.3%, 57.1% and 45.5%, respectively. The survival curve of the RT(-) group was significantly worse than that of the ERT alone group (P = 0.0029), IORT alone group (P = 0.0101) and IORT and ERT group (P = 0.0109). The survival curves of the three RT groups were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RT significantly prolonged survival of patients with unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer and combined palliative treatments including bypass operation, celiac plexus block and RT (ERT or IORT) are recommended for such patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. yamaguch@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kiichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogura
authors.forename: Katsumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizumoto
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001340:Autonomic Nerve Block; D002447:Celiac Plexus; D002758:Cholangiography; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D005774:Gastrostomy; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D007582:Jejunostomy; D008297:Male; D010166:Palliative Care; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis