title: Use of the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway for pressure-controlled ventilation with and without positive end-expiratory pressure in paediatric patients: a randomized, controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tracheal intubation and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) are frequently used in children to avoid airway closure and atelectasis during general anaesthesia. Also, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA(dagger)) is frequently used. However, one of the limitations with its use in children is that its low-pressure seal is often inadequate for positive pressure ventilation with PEEP. The ProSeal LMA (PLMA) has been shown to form a more effective seal than the Classic LMA. The ability to apply PEEP with the PLMA might improve gas exchange during positive pressure ventilation in children when the LMA is used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty anaesthetized, non-paralysed children aged 55 (range 27-89) months, weighing 18 (sd 3) kg, were randomly allocated into two groups. Anaesthesia management and positive pressure ventilation were standardized. Size 2 and 2(1/2) PLMA were used. Artificial ventilation in Group I was with pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) and PEEP=5 cm H(2)O, in Group II with PCV without PEEP. A Fi(o(2)) = 1.0 was used for 20 min during induction of anaesthesia. Sixty minutes after induction of anaesthesia an arterial blood gas sample was taken under a Fi(o(2)) = 0.3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Groups were comparable with respect to demographic data. Pa(o(2)) in Group I [22.1 (1.6) kPa] was significantly (P=0.001) higher than in Group II [19.2 (1.7) kPa].
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The PLMA can be used for PCV with PEEP in paediatric patients. Application of PEEP improves gas exchange.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Therapy, Philipps University Marburg, 35033 Marburg, Germany. kaigoldmann1@aol.com
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goldmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Roettger
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wulf
mesh_terms: D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D017214:Laryngeal Masks; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen