title: Anesthesia for port-access cardiac surgery in a pediatric population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A less invasive approach to cardiac surgical procedures has become widely accepted. The Port-Access (Heartport Inc, Redwood City, CA) technique for correction of acquired and congenital heart defects in adults produces superior cosmetic results without increasing perioperative morbidity. This study evaluated the feasibility of the Port-Access approach for repairs of various congenital heart defects in children and describes the anesthetic management for this procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective observational study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten 3- to 15-year-old patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients underwent repairs of congenital heart defects via minimal right thoracotomy. The induction and maintenance of anesthesia were tailored to achieve early extubation. Endotracheal intubation with a double-lumen tube was performed in 3 patients with body weight more than 25 kg. In other patients, lung separation was achieved with the use of a bronchial blocker. Arterial and venous cannulation were done under transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance. A small surgical incision was performed in the fifth right intercostal space. In most patients, operations were performed on a fibrillating heart in normothermic condition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TEE-guided cannulation posed no technical difficulties. Flow rates, calculated for patients' body surface area, were easily achieved. No inotropic support was necessary for the separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. All patients but 1 were extubated in the operating room. Despite longer times of operation and cardiopulmonary bypass, intensive care unit stay and postoperative hospital length of stay were not different from the historic matched control group and were 2.7 +/- 1.1 days and 5.0 +/- 1.6 days, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Port-Access method for the correction of selected congenital cardiac defects is feasible in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. preisman@netvision.et.il
authors.forename: Sergey
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Preisman
authors.forename: Ilan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Keidan
authors.forename: Azriel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mishaly
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000777:Anesthetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000295:instrumentation; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006345:Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007902:Length of Stay; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D013908:Thoracotomy / Q000295:instrumentation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000777:Anesthetics