title: Nucleophosmin is required for DNA integrity and p19Arf protein stability.
abstract: Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nucleolar phosphoprotein that binds the tumor suppressors p53 and p19(Arf) and is thought to be indispensable for ribogenesis, cell proliferation, and survival after DNA damage. The NPM gene is the most frequent target of genetic alterations in leukemias and lymphomas, though its role in tumorigenesis is unknown. We report here the first characterization of a mouse NPM knockout strain. Lack of NPM expression results in accumulation of DNA damage, activation of p53, widespread apoptosis, and mid-stage embryonic lethality. Fibroblasts explanted from null embryos fail to grow and rapidly acquire a senescent phenotype. Transfer of the NPM mutation into a p53-null background rescued apoptosis in vivo and fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Cells null for both p53 and NPM grow faster than control cells and are more susceptible to transformation by activated oncogenes, such as mutated Ras or overexpressed Myc. In the absence of NPM, Arf protein is excluded from nucleoli and is markedly less stable. Our data demonstrate that NPM regulates DNA integrity and, through Arf, inhibits cell proliferation and are consistent with a putative tumor-suppressive function of NPM.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bonetti
authors.forename: Eros
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lazzerini Denchi
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zamponi
authors.forename: Jean-Christophe
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Marine
authors.forename: Kristian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Helin
authors.forename: Brunangelo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Falini
authors.forename: Pier Giuseppe
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pelicci
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001483:Base Sequence; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004249:DNA Damage; D004355:Drug Stability; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016158:Genes, p53; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D011247:Pregnancy; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D000090243:Nucleophosmin; D004247:DNA