Noise in gene expression: origins, consequences, and control.
Genetically identical cells and organisms exhibit remarkable diversity even when they have identical histories of environmental exposure. Noise, or variation, in the process of gene expression may contribute to this phenotypic variability. Recent studies suggest that this noise has multiple sources, including the stochastic or inherently random nature of the biochemical reactions of gene expression. In this review, we summarize noise terminology and comment on recent investigations into the sources, consequences, and control of noise in gene expression.
Raser
Jonathan M
JM
Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California-San Francisco, 600 16th Street, GH-S472D, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA.
O'Shea
Erin K
EK
D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D025461:Feedback, Physiological; D018628:Gene Dosage; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010641:Phenotype; D010829:Physiological Phenomena; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013269:Stochastic Processes; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
D011506:Proteins