title: Yoga for depression: the research evidence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Yoga-based interventions may prove to be an attractive option for the treatment of depression. The aim of this study is to systematically review the research evidence on the effectiveness of yoga for this indication.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches of the major biomedical databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClNAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Library were conducted. Specialist complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and the IndMED databases were also searched and efforts made to identify unpublished and ongoing research. Searches were conducted between January and June 2004. Relevant research was categorised by study type and appraised. Clinical commentaries were obtained for studies reporting clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five randomised controlled trials were located, each of which utilised different forms of yoga interventions and in which the severity of the condition ranged from mild to severe. All trials reported positive findings but methodological details such as method of randomisation, compliance and attrition rates were missing. No adverse effects were reported with the exception of fatigue and breathlessness in participants in one study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No language restrictions were imposed on the searches conducted but no searches of databases in languages other than English were included.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, the initial indications are of potentially beneficial effects of yoga interventions on depressive disorders. Variation in interventions, severity and reporting of trial methodology suggests that the findings must be interpreted with caution. Several of the interventions may not be feasible in those with reduced or impaired mobility. Nevertheless, further investigation of yoga as a therapeutic intervention is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Research Council for Complementary Medicine, London, UK. k.pilkington@westminster.ac.uk
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pilkington
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kirkwood
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rampes
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Richardson
mesh_terms: D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015013:Yoga