title: A highly immunogenic trivalent T cell receptor peptide vaccine for multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  T cell receptor (TCR) peptide vaccination is a novel approach to treating multiple sclerosis (MS). The low immunogenicity of previous vaccines has hindered the development of TCR peptide vaccination for MS.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the immunogenicity of intramuscular injections of TCR BV5S2, BV6S5 and BV13S1 CDR2 peptides in incomplete Freunds adjuvant (IFA) with intradermal injections of the same peptides without IFA.
  
  
  METHODS
  MS subjects were randomized to receive TCR peptides/IFA, TCR peptides/saline or IFA alone. Subjects were on study for 24 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The TCR peptides/IFA vaccine induced vigorous T cell responses in 100% of subjects completing the 24-week study (9/9) compared with only 20% (2/10) of those receiving the TCR peptides/saline vaccine (P =0.001). IFA alone induced a weak response in only one of five subjects. Aside from injection site reactions, there were no significant adverse events attributable to the treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The trivalent TCR peptide in IFA vaccine represents a significant improvement in immunogenicity over previous TCR peptide vaccines and warrants investigation of its ability to treat MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology L226, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA. bourdett@ohsu.edu
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Bourdette
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bowen
authors.forename: C R G
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Guttmann
authors.forename: Z P
authors.initials: ZP
authors.lastname: Nagy
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Whitham
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lovera
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mass
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spencer
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Culbertson
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bartholomew
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Theofan
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Milano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Offner
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Vandenbark
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D022223:Vaccines, Subunit