title: Knee and hip angle and moment adaptations during cutting tasks in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament deficiency classified as noncopers.
abstract: METHODS
  Two-factor mixed-design study, with factors including group (control and noncoper) and task (sidestep, crossover, and straight).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the knee and hip joint angles and moments of control subjects and subjects with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) deficient knee classified as noncopers, during a sidestep, crossover, and straight-ahead task.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Subjects with ACL deficiency primarily note difficulty with cutting tasks as opposed to straight-ahead tasks. Yet, previous studies have primarily focused on straight-ahead tasks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifteen subjects with ACL deficiency classified as noncopers, based on the number of giving-way episodes (>1) and global question of knee function (<60%), were included in this study. These subjects (10 male, 5 female; age range, 18-49 years) were compared to a healthy control group (7 male, 7 female; age range, 19-47 years). Position data collected at 60 Hz were combined with anthropometric and ground reaction force data collected at 420 Hz to estimate 3-dimensional knee and hip joint angles and moments. All subjects performed 3 tasks including a step and 45 degrees sidestep cut, step and 45 degrees crossover cut, and step and proceed straight. Two-way mixed-model ANOVAs were used to compare peak angle and moment variables between 10% to 30% of stance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The ACL-deficient noncoper group had 1.8 degrees to 5.7 degrees less knee flexion angle compared to the control group across tasks (P<.043). The ACL-deficient noncoper group used 22% to 27% lower knee extensor moment during weight acceptance compared to the control group (P<.001). The sagittal plane hip extensor moments were 34% to 39% higher in the ACL-deficient noncoper group compared to the control group (P<.025). Hip frontal (P<.037) and transverse plane (P<.04) moments also distinguished the ACL-deficient noncoper from the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that individuals who do not cope well after ACL injury rely on a hip control strategy during cutting tasks.
authors.affiliation: Ithaca College, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA. jhouck@ithaca.edu
authors.forename: Jeff R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Houck
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Kenneth E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: De Haven
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006615:Hip / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007717:Knee / Q000502:physiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007718:Knee Injuries / Q000145:classification / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis