title: Peer relationships in adolescent competitive soccer: associations to perceived motivational climate, achievement goals and perfectionism.
abstract: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the perceived motivational climate, achievement goals, perfectionism and indices of peer relationships in a sample of young male and female Norwegian soccer players. The sample consisted of 1719 experienced soccer players (1231 males, 488 females) aged 12-19 years (mean = 14.9 years) participating in the Norway Cup international youth soccer competition. The players responded to a questionnaire measuring perceived peer acceptance and quality of friendship in soccer, perceived motivational climate, achievement goals and perfectionism in soccer. Canonical correlation analyses revealed that young female players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly mastery oriented, and who were moderately task oriented and scored negatively on maladaptive perfectionism, reported better relations with their peers in soccer. Constructive peer relations were evident in that they scored positively on companionship with their best friend in soccer; they perceived this friend as being loyal and allowing of free discussion, and they reported being socially accepted by their peers in soccer. Mirroring these findings, young male players who perceived the motivational climate as predominantly performance oriented, who had a moderately negative score on task orientation but a quite strong positive score on maladaptive perfectionism, reported negative relationships with peers in terms of these aspects. They also reported being in conflict with their best soccer friend. The findings suggest that the qualities of motivation have a systematic relationship with peer acceptance and the quality of friendship in male and female youth soccer.
authors.affiliation: Norwegian Academy of Sport and Physical Education, PO Box 4014, N-0806 Oslo, Norway. yngvar.ommundsen@nih.no
authors.forename: Yngvar
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ommundsen
authors.forename: Glyn C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: Pierre-Nicolas
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Lemyre
authors.forename: Blake W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003163:Competitive Behavior; D005260:Female; D033062:Friends / Q000523:psychology; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D009664:Norway; D015279:Organizational Culture; D010379:Peer Group; D010551:Personality; D010806:Physical Education and Training / Q000379:methods; D012737:Sex Factors; D012916:Soccer / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data