title: Radiation exposure to personnel performing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) relies on the use of ionising radiation but risks to operator and patient associated with radiation exposure are unclear. The aim of this prospective study was to estimate the radiation dose received by personnel performing fluoroscopic endoscopic procedures, mainly ERCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive procedures over a two month period were included. The use of thermoluminescent dosimeters to measure radiation exposure to the abdomen, thyroid gland, and hands of the operator permitted an estimation of the annual whole body effective dose equivalent.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During the study period 66 procedures (61 ERCP) were performed and the estimated annual whole body effective dose equivalent received by consultant operators ranged between 3.35 and 5.87 mSv. These values are similar to those received by patients undergoing barium studies and equate to an estimated additional lifetime fatal cancer risk between 1 in 7000 and 1 in 3500. While within legal safety limits for radiation exposure to personnel, these doses are higher than values deemed acceptable for the general public.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It is suggested that personnel as well as patients may be exposed to significant values of radiation during ERCP. The study emphasises the need to carefully assess the indication for, and to use measures that minimise radiation exposure during any fluoroscopic procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, UK. srinaidu@hotmail.com
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Naidu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Singhal
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Preece
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vohrah
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Loft
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors