title: Health-related quality of life, health risk behaviors, and disability among adults with pain-related activity difficulty.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the association between pain-related activity difficulty (PRAD) in the past 30 days and health-related quality of life, health behaviors, disability indices, and major health impairments in the general US population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We obtained data from 18 states in the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, cross-sectional, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nearly one quarter of people in the 18 states and the District of Columbia reported at least 1 day of PRAD in the past 30 days. PRAD was associated with obesity, smoking, physical inactivity, impaired general health, infrequent vitality, and frequent occurrences of physical distress, mental distress, depressive symptoms, sleep insufficiency, and anxiety symptoms. Moreover, a general dose-response relationship was noted between increased days of PRAD and increased prevalence of impaired health-related quality of life, disability indices, and health risk behaviors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pain negatively influences various domains of health, not only among clinical populations, but also in the general community, suggesting a critical need for the dissemination of targeted interventions to enhance recognition and treatment of pain among adult community-dwellers.
authors.affiliation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Adult and Community Health, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. tws2@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Tara W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Strine
authors.forename: Jennifer M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hootman
authors.forename: Daniel P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: Catherine A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Okoro
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Balluz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity; D010146:Pain / Q000150:complications* / Q000208:ethnology; D011788:Quality of Life; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology