title: Web-based vs. traditional classroom instruction in gerontology: a pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Numerous studies have documented comparable outcomes from Web-based and traditional classroom instruction. However, there is a paucity of literature comparing these two delivery formats for gerontology courses in dental hygiene curricula. This study examines the effectiveness of alternative methods of course delivery by comparing student profiles and instructional outcomes from a dental hygiene gerontology course offered both on the Web and in a traditional classroom setting.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were sent to both groups of students completing the course. The instrument was designed to establish profiles of the participating students. The data collected included familiarity with Web-based instruction, extent of prior computer training, previous interaction with the elderly, and student evaluations of course effectiveness. Traditional instructional outcomes from evaluated course work were compared, as were post-course exam outcomes that assessed retention of course information six months after course completion. The statistical significance of these data was determined using Statistical Package for Social Scientists software (SPSS, Inc., version 12.0, Chicago, IL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A comparison of student characteristics enrolled in the two course formats revealed marked differences. The Web-based group (n=12) included dental hygiene students (67%) and other health care providers (25%). All participants in the traditional classroom format (n=32) were dental hygiene students. Half of the Web-based respondents were over 25 years of age, and the majority (n=8) had previously taken an online course. The majority of traditional classroom students were 25 years of age or younger (n=21) and had never taken a Web-based course (n=20). Statistically significant differences in instructional outcomes were observed between students enrolled in these two formats. Student retention of course material six months after completion of the course was greater in the Web-based format.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Students selecting a Web-based course format demonstrated greater motivation and learning success based on final course grades, completion of assignments, and knowledge retention over time. Age, previous experience with online courses, and selection of teaching mode are factors that may confound course delivery method to influence instructional outcomes in a gerontology course within a dental hygiene curriculum.
authors.affiliation: Dental Hygiene Program, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. jeg13@dental.pitt.edu
authors.forename: Judith E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Gallagher
authors.forename: Kathleen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dobrosielski-Vergona
authors.forename: Robin G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Wingard
authors.forename: Theresa M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Williams
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003197:Computer Literacy; D003194:Computer-Assisted Instruction; D003756:Dental Hygienists / Q000193:education*; D004493:Education; D020375:Education, Distance; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005853:Geriatrics / Q000193:education*; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010414:Pennsylvania; D010865:Pilot Projects; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013336:Students, Health Occupations / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires