title: Protein kinase C-theta is an early survival factor required for differentiation of effector CD8+ T cells.
abstract: CD8(+) T cells are crucial for host defense against invading pathogens and malignancies. However, relatively little is known about intracellular signaling events that control the genetic program of their activation and differentiation. Using CD8(+) T cells from TCR-transgenic mice crossed to protein kinase C-theta (PKCtheta)-deficient mice, we report that PKCtheta is not required for Ag-induced CD8(+) T cell proliferation, but is important for T cell survival and differentiation into functional, cytokine-producing CTLs. Ag-stimulated PKCtheta(-/-) T cells underwent accelerated apoptosis associated with deregulated expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and displayed reduced activation of ERKs and JNKs. Some defects in the function of PKCtheta(-/-) T cells (poor survival and reduced Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) expression, CTL activity, and IFN-gamma expression) were partially or fully restored by coculture with wild-type T cells or by addition of exogenous IL-2, whereas others (increased Bim(EL) expression and TNF-alpha production) were not. These findings indicate that PKCtheta, although not essential for initial Ag-induced proliferation, nevertheless plays an important role in promoting and extending T cell survival, thereby enabling the complete genetic program of effector CD8(+) differentiation. The requirement for PKCtheta in different types of T cell-dependent responses may, therefore, depend on the overall strength of signaling by the TCR and costimulatory receptors and may reflect, in addition to its previously established role in activation, an important, hitherto unappreciated, role in T cell survival.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
authors.forename: Rina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Barouch-Bentov
authors.forename: Edward E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Lemmens
authors.forename: Junru
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Edith M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Nathalie M
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Droin
authors.forename: Jianxun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Stephen P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Schoenberger
authors.forename: Amnon
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Altman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000502:physiology*; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D014161:Transduction, Genetic; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C489593:Prkcq protein, mouse; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000074121:Protein Kinase C-theta; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases