title: Somatotopy in human primary somatosensory cortex in pain system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Compared with somatotopical organization (somatotopy) in the postcentral gyrus in the tactile system, somatotopy in the pain system is not well understood. The aim of this study is to elucidate whether there is somatotopy in the human pain system.
  
  
  METHODS
  To elucidate the somatotopy of nociceptive neurons in the postcentral gyrus, the authors recorded pain-evoked cortical responses to noxious intraepidermal electrical stimulation applied to the left hand and left foot in 11 male subjects, using magnetoencephalography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Brief painful stimuli evoked sustained cortical activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) in the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulated side and in the secondary somatosensory cortex in both hemispheres. In SI, representations of the hand and foot were distinctly separated, with a more medial and posterior location for the foot, whereas no significant difference was found in the locations for the secondary somatosensory cortex dipole. The SI arrangement along the central sulcus was compatible with the homunculus revealed by Penfield using direct cortical stimulation during surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The human pain system contains a somatotopical representation in SI but with less somatotopical organization in the secondary somatosensory cortex. The current results provide supporting evidence of SI involvement in human pain perception and suggest that human SI subserves the localization of the stimulated site in nociceptive processing.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan. yogino@med.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ogino
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006801:Humans; D015225:Magnetoencephalography; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013003:Somatosensory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*