title: Multiple sclerosis and neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations.
abstract: The authors report clinical features of ocular manifestations in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), those that affect the visual sensory system and those that affect the ocular motor system. Disturbances of visual sensory function may precede, manifest coincidentally or follow the neurologic manifestations. Visual disturbances are common in MS and often a result of acute demyelinating optic neuropathy. Careful examination of MS patients, who have never suffered optic neuritis, may also reveal asymptomatic visual loss. Asymptomatic visual loss seems to be a universal feature of MS. Patients with multiple sclerosis may develop disorders of fixation, ocular motility and ocular alignment. Disorders of ocular motor system are frequently the initial sign of multiple sclerosis and occur as its presenting sign weeks, month, or years before other neurologic symptoms and signs develop.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Hospital Center, Rebro, Zagreb, Croatia.
authors.forename: Branimir
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cerovski
authors.forename: Tomislav
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vidović
authors.forename: Igor
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petricek
authors.forename: Smiljka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Popović-Suić
authors.forename: Rajko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kordić
authors.forename: Lovro
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bojić
authors.forename: Jasenka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cerovski
authors.forename: Suzana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kovacević
mesh_terms: D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000150:complications*; D015835:Ocular Motility Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009901:Optic Nerve Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D014603:Uveal Diseases / Q000209:etiology