Pharmacogenomics--can genetics help in the care of psychiatric patients?
Psychiatric patients demonstrate varied responses to treatment. Consequently, treatment strategies are trial-and-error, which has a negative effect on prognosis and compliance. The aim of pharmacogenomic research is to enable customised drug treatment by identifying variations within multiple candidate genes (those encoding drug-targeted neurotransmitter receptors, transporters and metabolic enzymes) that are likely to confer the inter-individual differences in drug response and development of drug-induced side effects. Pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic research to date has identified genetic polymorphisms of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes, the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and metabolic enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP] family) as important contributors to the variability in response to psychiatric drugs and the development of drug-induced side effects such as tardive dyskinesia and weight gain. It is anticipated that technological and methodological advances will provide further candidate genes and refine association analyses of existing candidates, enabling pharmacogenomic research to move towards future treatment regimes that are catered to the individual.
Bolonna
A A
AA
Clinical Neuropharmacology, Division of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, KCL, London, UK.
Arranz
M J
MJ
Mancama
D
D
Kerwin
R W
RW
D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005824:Genetics, Behavioral / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics / Q000379:methods*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D000072516:Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase
D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D000072516:Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase