title: Syphilis partner notification with men who have sex with men: a review and commentary.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Eight US cities experienced large outbreaks of syphilis among men having sex with men (MSM), beginning during 2000-2001. Provider-assisted partner notification via disease intervention specialists has traditionally composed a large part of syphilis control efforts.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Report current effectiveness of syphilis partner notification for MSM and identify related problems and solutions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One thousand five hundred seventeen MSM diagnosed with syphilis claimed 10,254 sex partners. Many claimed anonymous partners (median = 65%), or provided insufficient locating information (median = 42%). Median cases found per index case were 0.09 (total = 116), although an additional 197 partners had been previously treated. Principal impediments to partner notification fell into 3 areas: (1) diagnosis outside health department settings delayed interviews, (2) partners were often anonymous, and (3) mistrust among MSM, public health professionals, and health care providers in private settings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Characteristics of the current outbreaks among MSM make traditional partner notification more difficult than in the past. Some modifications, complements, and even alternatives to partner notification are either planned or in operation.
authors.affiliation: Division of STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. mhogben@cdc.gov
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hogben
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paffel
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Broussard
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kenney
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: George
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Samoff
mesh_terms: D002947:Cities; D016358:Contact Tracing; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D018451:Homosexuality, Male; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012747:Sexual Partners; D013587:Syphilis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States