title: Structure of the CED-4-CED-9 complex provides insights into programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans.
abstract: Interplay among four genes--egl-1, ced-9, ced-4 and ced-3--controls the onset of programmed cell death in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Activation of the cell-killing protease CED-3 requires CED-4. However, CED-4 is constitutively inhibited by CED-9 until its release by EGL-1. Here we report the crystal structure of the CED-4-CED-9 complex at 2.6 A resolution, and a complete reconstitution of the CED-3 activation pathway using homogeneous proteins of CED-4, CED-9 and EGL-1. One molecule of CED-9 binds to an asymmetric dimer of CED-4, but specifically recognizes only one of the two CED-4 molecules. This specific interaction prevents CED-4 from activating CED-3. EGL-1 binding induces pronounced conformational changes in CED-9 that result in the dissociation of the CED-4 dimer from CED-9. The released CED-4 dimer further dimerizes to form a tetramer, which facilitates the autoactivation of CED-3. Together, our studies provide important insights into the regulation of cell death activation in C. elegans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Nieng
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jijie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chai
authors.forename: Eui Seung
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Lichuan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Jiaqing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Jia-Wei
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kokel
authors.forename: Huilin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Quan
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Hao
authors.forename: Ding
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Yigong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001665:Binding Sites; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000166:cytology*; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D008958:Models, Molecular; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D029742:Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; C089224:Ced-4 protein, C elegans; C087233:Ced-9 protein, C elegans; C112486:EGL-1 protein, C elegans; D046912:Multiprotein Complexes; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020169:Caspases; C089223:ced-3 protein, C elegans