title: Are we giving too much iron? Low-dose iron therapy is effective in octogenarians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elderly patients are vulnerable to the dose-dependent adverse effects of iron replacement therapy. Our study examines whether low-dose iron therapy can efficiently resolve iron-deficiency anemia in patients over the age of 80 years and reduce adverse effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety hospitalized patients with iron-deficiency anemia were randomized to receive elemental iron in daily doses of 15 mg or 50 mg as liquid ferrous gluconate or 150 mg of ferrous calcium citrate tablets for 60 days. Thirty control patients without anemia were given 15 mg of iron for 60 days. A 2-hour iron absorption test was performed after the initial dose. Hemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured on day 1, 30, and 60 after initiating therapy. Each patient completed a weekly questionnaire regarding drug-induced adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum iron rose significantly in the anemic patients beginning 15 minutes after the first dose but not in nonanemic patients. Two months of iron treatment significantly increased hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations similarly in all 3 groups of iron-deficiency anemia patients (for example, hemoglobin levels rose from 10.0 g/dL to 11.3 g/dL with 15 mg/d of iron therapy and from 10.2 g/dL to 11.6 g/dL with 150 mg/d). Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, changes in bowel movements, and black stools were significantly more common at higher iron doses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low-dose iron treatment is effective in elderly patients with iron-deficiency anemia. It can replace the commonly used higher doses and can significantly reduce adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Geriatrifc Department, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, and the Hebrew University and Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel. efraim_r@clalit.org.il
authors.forename: Ephraim
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rimon
authors.forename: Nadya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kagansky
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kagansky
authors.forename: Lora
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mechnick
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mashiah
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Namir
authors.forename: Shmuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019355:Calcium Citrate / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005293:Ferritins / Q000097:blood; D005296:Ferrous Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D017701:Reticulocyte Count
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005296:Ferrous Compounds; D006454:Hemoglobins; D005293:Ferritins; D007501:Iron; D019355:Calcium Citrate; C011819:ferrous gluconate