Sourcing Brazilian marijuana by applying IRMS analysis to seized samples.
The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios were measured in marijuana samples (Cannabis sativa L.) seized by the law enforcement officers in the three Brazilian production sites: Pernambuco and Bahia (the country's Northeast known as Marijuana Polygon), Pará (North or Amazon region) and Mato Grosso do Sul (Midwest). These regions are regarded as different with respect to climate and water availability, factors which impact upon the isotope fractionations of these elements within plants. It was possible to differentiate samples from the dry regions (Marijuana Polygon) from those from Mato Grosso do Sul and Pará, that present heavier rainfall. The results were in agreement with the climatic conditions of the suspected regions of origin and this demonstrates that seized samples can be used to identify the isotopic signatures of marijuana from the main producing regions in Brazil.
Shibuya
Elisa K
EK
Laboratório de Caracterização Química e Isotópica, Centro de Química e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, IPEN/CNEN-SP, Av. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil. eshibuya@usp.br
Souza Sarkis
Jorge E
JE
Neto
Osvaldo Negrini
ON
Moreira
Marcelo Z
MZ
Victoria
Reynaldo L
RL