title: Smoking as a risk factor for erectile dysfunction: data from the Andrology Prevention Weeks 2001-2002 a study of the Italian Society of Andrology (s.I.a.).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse the relationship between smoking and erectile dysfunction (ED).
  
  
  METHODS
  To provide further data on this issue, we analysed information gathered from men attending a free andrologic consultation in 234 Italian medical centres, in the setting of a project focused on andrologic prevention. Men were asked about "their ability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance". If they were dissatisfied, they were defined as having ED.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of 16724 subjects, ED was diagnosed in 4081 men (24.4%). After adjustment for age, marital status, education, alcohol consumption, physical activity and concomitant pathologies, in comparison with never smokers, men who currently smoked more than 10 cigarettes/day and former smokers showed significantly higher odds ratio (ORs 1.4 and 1.3, respectively) for ED. These results were confirmed performing analysis in strata of diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and hypercolesterolemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This transversal observational study shows that the risk of ED is influenced by smoking. A dose- and duration-response effect is present; changes in smoking habits do not seem to significantly affect the risk to develop ED.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Urologia, San Giuseppe Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Università di Milano, Italy.
authors.forename: Edoardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Austoni
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mirone
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Parazzini
authors.forename: Ciro Basile
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Fasolo
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Turchi
authors.forename: Edoardo S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Pescatori
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: Vincenzo
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gentile
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D033441:Andrology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires