title: Prognostic significance of ploidy, MIB-1 proliferation marker, and p53 in renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pathologic stage is currently the best prognostic factor for predicting outcomes in renal cell carcinoma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of DNA ploidy, p53, and Ki-67 (MIB-1) as individual and combined prognostic factors for survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1995 to 2004, 117 patients (78 men and 39 women; mean age 57.34 years), undergoing partial (n = 22) or radical (n = 95) nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Analysis of MIB-1, p53, and DNA ploidy was performed. Disease-free and overall survival was calculated using Cox proportional hazard models. A combined score was given to incorporate p53, MIB-1, and ploidy as a single variable.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On univariate analysis, tumor size, nuclear grade, MIB-1 <10% (p = 0.0059), ploidy (p = 0.0124), pathologic stage group, metastasis at time of operation, and combined score (p = 0.0024) were markedly associated with disease-free survival. On multivariate analysis, only metastasis and pathologic stage were pronounced. For overall survival, size, nuclear grade, MIB-1 <10% (p = 0.0167), pathologic stage group, metastasis, and combined score (p = 0.0456) were pronounced on univariate analysis. Only metastasis was pronounced on multivariate analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We incorporated a combined score to evaluate MIB-1, ploidy, and p53 as a single variable. A combined score is able to give a stronger predictive value of the cellular characteristics of each tumor. Individually and combined with p53, MIB-1, and ploidy were of prognostic significance on univariate analysis. Pathologic stage and presence of metastasis remain the best predictors of disease-free survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Brandon A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Matt
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holzbeierlein
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tawfik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000378:metabolism*; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009392:Nephrectomy; D011003:Ploidies; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53