title: Prognostic factors and life expectancy in myelodysplastic syndromes classified according to WHO criteria: a basis for clinical decision making.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the WHO proposal, to assess the role of the main prognostic factors in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) classified into WHO subgroups, and to estimate mortality (standardized mortality ratio [SMR]) and life expectancy in these groups as a basis for clinical decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred sixty-seven patients who were diagnosed as having de novo MDS at the Division of Hematology, University of Pavia (Pavia, Italy), between 1992 and 2002, were evaluated retrospectively for clinical and hematologic features at diagnosis, overall survival (OS), and progression to leukemia (leukemia-free survival).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences in survival were noted between patients with refractory anemia (RA), refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia, RA with excess blasts, type 1 (RAEB-1), and RAEB-2. The effect of demographic factors on OS was observed in MDS patients without excess blasts (age, P = .001; sex, P = .006), as in the general population. The mortality of RA patients 70 years or older did not differ significantly from that of the general population (SMR, 1.62; P = .06). Cytogenetics was the only International Prognostic Scoring System variable showing a prognostic value in MDS classified into WHO subgroups. Transfusion-dependent patients had a significantly shorter survival than patients who did not require transfusions (P < .001). Developing a secondary iron overload significantly affected the survival of transfusion-dependent patients (P = .003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data show that the WHO classification of MDSs has a relevant prognostic value. This classification, along with cytogenetics, might be useful in decisions regarding transplantation. MDS with isolated erythroid lineage dysplasia identifies a subset of truly low-risk patients, for whom a conservative approach is advisable.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology, IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Malcovati
authors.forename: Matteo Giovanni Della
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: Cristiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pascutto
authors.forename: Rosangela
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Invernizzi
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Boni
authors.forename: Erica
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Travaglino
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Passamonti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Arcaini
authors.forename: Margherita
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maffioli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bernasconi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lazzarino
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cazzola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001803:Blood Transfusion; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D003657:Decision Making; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000145:classification* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies