title: STRAD in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and sporadic cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  LKB1 is a tumour suppressor gene that is associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), a rare autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndrome. However, germline mutations in the LKB1 gene are found in only about 60% of patients with PJS, suggesting the existence of a second PJS gene. The STRAD gene, encoding an LKB1 interacting protein that activates LKB1, which subsequently leads to polarisation of cells, is an interesting candidate for a second PJS gene and a potential tumour suppressor gene in sporadic carcinomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  The involvement of STRAD in 42 PJS associated tumours (sporadic lung, colon, gastric, and ovarian adenocarcinomas) was studied using loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of eight microsatellite markers on chromosome 17, including TP53, BRCA1, and STRAD markers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Loss of the marker near the STRAD locus was seen in 13 of 29 informative cases, including all gastric adenocarcinomas. Specific LOH of the STRAD marker was found in four of 29 informative cases. For these patients all exons and exon-intron boundaries of the STRAD gene were sequenced, but no somatic mutations were identified. Furthermore, no germline STRAD mutations were found in 10 patients with PJS and family members without LKB1 germline mutation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the frequent occurrence of LOH in the STRAD region, these results indicate that inactivation of the STRAD gene is not essential in the sporadic adenocarcinomas studied, although it is possible that STRAD may be inactivated in different ways. In addition, no evidence was found for the hypothesis that STRAD is a second PJS susceptibility gene.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. w.w.deleng@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: W W J
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: de Leng
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Luiten
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Musler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jansen
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Baas
authors.forename: F W M
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: de Rooij
authors.forename: J J P
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Gille
authors.forename: F H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Menko
authors.forename: G J A
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Offerhaus
authors.forename: M A J
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Weterman
mesh_terms: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17 / Q000235:genetics; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018095:Germ-Line Mutation; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D009154:Mutation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010580:Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D033942:Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; C476400:STRADA protein, human