title: [The transformation of fibroblast-like cells originating from different tissue into osteoblasts].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To discuss whether fibroblast-like cells can transform into osteoblasts under specific condition during distraction osteogenesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fibroblast-like cells were cultured in vitro. BMP-2, TGF-beta(1), BMP-2 and TGF-beta(1) were added into the medium, and the cellular change were observed by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry methods. The distraction was given on the membrane of fibroblast-like cells, and the cellular change were observed under the distraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  fibroblast-like cells from the joint could transform into osteoblasts under the effect of BMP-2 or BMP-2 with TGF-beta(1). Fibroblast-like cells from other regions could not transform into osteoblasts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The osteoblasts during distraction osteogenesis are multi-origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China.
authors.forename: Quan-feng
authors.initials: QF
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xing
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Biao
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Zi-li
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Xiao-xia
authors.initials: XX
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cheng
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Liang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction; D011817:Rabbits; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1 / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1