Myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury: reactive oxygen species and the role of neutrophil.
A growing body of evidence suggests that oxygen radicals can mediate myocardial tissue injury during ischaemia and, in particular, during reperfusion. This review focuses on the role of neutrophil as a mediator of myocardial damage. Upon reperfusion, neutrophils accumulate and produce an inflammatory response in the myocardium that is responsible, in part, for the extension of tissue injury associated with reperfusion. It has shown that the inhibition of neutrophil accumulation and adhesion is associated with decreased infarct size. This strongly suggests that myocardial cells at risk region undergo irreversible changes upon reperfusion and accumulation of neutrophils. Several pharmacological agents (ibuprofen, allopurinol, prostacyclin, and prostaglandin E analogues) protect the myocardium from reperfusion injury. In addition, the mechanisms by which these agents act and directions of research that may lead to therapeutically useful approaches are also discussed in this review.
Saeed
Sheikh Arshad
SA
Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan. arshad.saeed@iccs.edu
Waqar
Muhammad Anwar
MA
Zubairi
Akbar Jaleel
AJ
Bhurgri
Hadi
H
Khan
Abdullah
A
Gowani
Saqib Ali Sikander
SA
Waqar
Saima N
SN
Choudhary
M Iqbal
MI
Jalil
Saima
S
Zaidi
Ali Hyder
AH
Ara
Iffat
I
D000493:Allopurinol / Q000494:pharmacology; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000494:pharmacology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000494:pharmacology; D016285:Iloprost / Q000494:pharmacology; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000502:physiology*; D011459:Prostaglandins E, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000494:pharmacology
D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D011459:Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D000493:Allopurinol; D011464:Epoprostenol; D016285:Iloprost; D007052:Ibuprofen