title: Intact growth factors are conserved in the extracellular matrix of ancient human bone and teeth: a storehouse for the study of human evolution in health and disease.
abstract: For the first time we have extracted, solubilized and identified growth factors, such as insulin growth factor II (IGF-II), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), from archaeological compact human bone and tooth dentin dating from the late pre-ceramic pottery Neolithic (late PPNB) and the early Middle Ages. These factors are typical of special physiological or pathological situations in the metabolism of bone. The extracellular matrix proteins from bone and teeth of individuals from the late PPNB and early Middle Ages were separated by 2-D electrophoresis and more than 300 different protein spots were detected by silver staining. The matrix protein patterns of compact bone and tooth from the same individual (early Middle Ages) are very different and only 16% of the protein spots were detected in both compact bone and tooth dentin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Göttingen, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.
authors.forename: Tyede H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Schmidt-Schultz
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schultz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005075:Biological Evolution; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003804:Dentin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005580:Fossils; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006801:Humans; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; D008297:Male; D011506:Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012995:Solubility; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: C525718:BMP2 protein, human; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D006133:Growth Substances; C035170:IGF2 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D007335:Insulin-Like Growth Factor II