title: Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their enantiomeric signatures, and concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the Adélie penguin food web, Antarctica.
abstract: Concentrations and enantiomeric signatures of organochlorine pesticides were determined in Antarctic krill, emerald rockcod and Adélie penguin from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. HCB and DDTs were prevalent contaminants in penguin eggs. The highest concentrations of SigmaHCHs (1.35 +/- 0.72 ng/g) were found in the rockcod muscle, where gamma-HCH (1.23 +/- 0.67 ng/g) was the principal isomer. The ratio gamma-HCH/alpha-HCH was evaluated. Enantioselective gas chromatography was used for the evaluation of enantiomeric fractions (EFs) for alpha-HCH and oxychlordane. An increase of 14% in the (+)alpha-HCH enantiomer was found from krill through penguin, suggesting the enantioselective biotransformation increased proportionately with trophic level. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured and their concentrations were 5.6 +/- 1.12, 5.81 +/- 2.32, 4.57 +/- 0.17 and 3.06 +/- 3.27 ng/g lipids in krill, rockcod muscle, rockcod homogenate and penguin eggs, respectively. The detection of BDE28, BDE47, BDE99 and BDE100 in Antarctic organisms confirmed their global transport and distribution; the detection of lower brominated congeners suggested a potential long-range transport.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Science G. Sarfatti, University of Siena, via P.A. Mattioli, 4, I-53100 Siena, Italy. corsolini@unisi.it
authors.forename: Simonetta
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Corsolini
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Covaci
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ademollo
authors.forename: Silvano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Focardi
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schepens
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000864:Antarctic Regions; D001711:Biotransformation; D002706:Chlordan / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D003634:DDT / Q000032:analysis; D004531:Eggs / Q000032:analysis; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D033201:Euphausiacea / Q000737:chemistry; D020387:Food Chain; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000032:analysis; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene / Q000032:analysis; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000032:analysis; D010473:Perciformes; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis*; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis*; D046429:Spheniscidae / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D010575:Pesticides; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D002706:Chlordan; C008743:oxychlordane; D006581:Hexachlorobenzene; D001556:Hexachlorocyclohexane; D003634:DDT