title: Guidelines for standardization of radiostereometry (RSA) of implants.
abstract: There is a need for standardization of radiostereometric (RSA) investigations to facilitate comparison of outcome reported from different research groups. In this document, 6 research centers have agreed upon standards for terminology, description and use of RSA arrangement including radiographic set-up and techniques. Consensus regarding minimum requirements for marker stability and scatter, choice of coordinate systems, and preferred way of describing prosthetic micromotion is of special interest. Some notes on data interpretation are also presented. Validation of RSA should be standardized by preparation of protocols for assessment of accuracy and precision. Practical issues related to loading of the joint by weight bearing or other conditions, follow-up intervals, length of follow-up, radiation dose, and the exclusion of patients due to technical errors are considered. Finally, we present a checklist of standardized output that should be included in any clinical RSA paper.This document will form the basis of a detailed standardization protocol under supervision of ISO and the European Standards Working Group on Joint Replacement Implants (CEN/TC 285/WG4). This protocol will facilitate inclusion of RSA in a standard protocol for implant testing before it is released for general use. Such a protocol-also including other recognized clinical outcome parameters-will reduce the risk of implanting potentially inferior prostheses on a large scale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands. E.R.Valstar@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Edward R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Valstar
authors.forename: Richie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: Leif
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ryd
authors.forename: Gunnar
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Flivik
authors.forename: Niclas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Börlin
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kärrholm
mesh_terms: D019644:Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip / Q000592:standards*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006622:Hip Prosthesis / Q000592:standards*; D006801:Humans; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000592:standards*; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D016059:Range of Motion, Articular; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016474:Weight-Bearing