title: IL-12 is required for induction but not maintenance of protective, memory responses to Blastomyces dermatitidis: implications for vaccine development in immune-deficient hosts.
abstract: Cellular immunity mediated by T lymphocytes, in particular CD4(+) and CD8(+) type 1 (T1) cells, is the main defense against pathogenic fungi. IL-12 initiates T1 cell development and cell-mediated immunity, but it is unclear whether IL-12 contributes to the maintenance of an antifungal T1 response. In this study, we addressed the role of IL-12 for vaccine-induced memory T cell development against experimental pulmonary blastomycosis. CD4(+) T cells absolutely required IL-12 to control a live genetically engineered attenuated strain of Blastomyces dermatitidis given s.c. as a vaccine, whereas CD8(+) T cells were significantly less dependent on IL-12. Despite differential dependency of T cell subsets on IL-12 during vaccination, neither subset acquired memory immunity in the absence of IL-12. In contrast, adoptive transfer of immune CD4 T cells from wild-type mice into IL-12(-/-) mice showed that CD4(+) T1 memory cells sustained a T1 cytokine profile and remained protective over a period of 6 mo posttransfer. Similarly, memory CD8 cells elicited in IL-12(-/-) mice with killed yeast and transient rIL-12 treatment (during vaccination) remained durable and protective after animals were rested for 3 mo. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that once CD4 and CD8 cells have acquired a protective T1 phenotype they no longer require the presence of IL-12 to maintain antifungal protective memory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin Medical School, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI 53792, USA. mwuethri@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wüthrich
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Warner
authors.forename: Bruce S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001758:Blastomyces / Q000276:immunology*; D001759:Blastomycosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D005657:Fungal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D007153:Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes / Q000276:immunology*; D007156:Immunologic Memory / Q000502:physiology*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D005657:Fungal Vaccines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D018664:Interleukin-12