title: Enamel matrix derivative promotes osteoclast cell formation by RANKL production in mouse marrow cultures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is used clinically to promote periodontal tissue regeneration, however, there are few reports regarding effects of EMD on bone metabolism. We evaluated the influence of EMD on osteoclast formation using in vitro bone marrow culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bioactive fractions were purified from EMD by reverse-phase HPLC on a C18 hydrophobic support, then mouse bone marrow cells were cultured with EMD or its purified fractions for 8 days. Following tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were counted. The expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblastic cells was detected using immunoblotting.
  
  
  RESULTS
  EMD was dissolved in 0.1% (vol/vol) trifluoroacetic acid and applied to a C18 column for HPLC. Two major peaks were obtained of which the second (fraction numbers 21-25) was found to induce the formation of osteoclasts in mouse marrow cultures. Further, osteoprotegerin completely inhibited osteoclast formation in mouse marrow cultures with or without osteoblastic stromal cells, when being cultured with EMD or its purified fractions. In addition, Western blot analysis revealed the presence of RANKL in mouse osteoblastic cells stimulated with EMD or its purified fractions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results indicate that EMD induces the formation of osteoclasts through RANKL expressed by osteoblastic cells, and suggest that EMD may regulate both bone formation and bone resorption during periodontal tissue regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral Microbiology, Kyushu Dental College, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Japan.
authors.forename: Toshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Hironori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Kazunori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tatsuji
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishihara
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001846:Bone Development / Q000187:drug effects; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000187:drug effects; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects; D001862:Bone Resorption / Q000139:chemically induced; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000032:analysis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505687:Tnfrsf11a protein, mouse; C506031:Tnfrsf11b protein, mouse; C505689:Tnfsf11 protein, mouse; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; C000605511:Acp5 protein, mouse; D000071681:Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase