title: Fresh and cryopreserved arterial homografts: immunological and clinical results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This prospective study defined the immunological and clinical results after fresh and cryopreserved arterial homograft replacement due to graft infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty patients who underwent ABO-compatible homograft transplantation were studied for anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA): antibody production and CD3- and CD4- versus CD8-positive lymphocyte subsets. Nine patients (30%) received immunosuppressive treatment with cyclosporine (1 to 3 mg/kg/d). Immunological studies were performed preoperatively, and early (1, 3, 7 days) and late (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 months) during follow-up. Abdominal computed tomography scans were performed postoperatively at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months of follow-up.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Preoperatively, antibodies were not detected. Postoperatively, a progressive increase in percent panel reactive antibodies was observed in all patients 1 month after the transplant. There were no difference between fresh and cryopreserved homografts. The antibody response among patients treated with cyclosporine was less pronounced and delayed. Recipient antibodies were directed against donor-specific antigens. During the immediate postoperative period (1, 3, 7 days) there was a slight increase in CD3- and CD4-positive T lymphocytes and a concomitant decrease in the CD8 subset. Later, CD3 and CD4 progressively decreased and the CD8 set increased. Clinically, no patients had signs of recurrent infection upon late follow-up. Four patients died (13%), but only one death was homograft-related (rupture of the graft). At 2-year follow-up, two patients showed stenotic lesions due to chronic rejection. Clinically, no differences were noted between fresh and cryopreserved homografts, or between patients treated with or without cyclosporine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fresh and cryopreserved arterial homografts are immunogenic; they induce a strong anti-HLA antibody response, similar to chronic rejection.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department Vascular Surgery Unit, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. mirelli@aosp.bo.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mirelli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buzzi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pasquinelli
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Tazzari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ricchi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Conte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stella
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000368:Aged; D001158:Arteries / Q000637:transplantation*; D001787:Blood Group Incompatibility; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007239:Infections / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous / Q000276:immunology / Q000379:methods*; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents