title: Influence of nanomechanical crystal properties on the comminution process of particulate solids in spiral jet mills.
abstract: Elastic-plastic properties of single crystals are supposed to influence the size reduction process of bulk materials during jet milling. According to Pahl [M.H. Pahl, Zerkleinerungstechnik 2. Auflage. Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig (1993)] and H. Rumpf: [Prinzipien der Prallzerkleinerung und ihre Anwendung bei der Strahlmahlung. Chem. Ing. Tech., 3(1960) 129-135.] fracture toughness, maximum strain or work of fracture for example are strongly dependent on mechanical parameters like hardness (H) and young's modulus of elasticity (E). In addition the dwell time of particles in a spiral jet mill proved to correlate with the hardness of the feed material [F. Rief: Ph. D. Thesis, University of Würzburg (2001)]. Therefore 'near-surface' properties have a direct influence on the effectiveness of the comminution process. The mean particle diameter as well as the size distribution of the ground product may vary significantly with the nanomechanical response of the material. Thus accurate measurement of crystals' hardness and modulus is essential to determine the ideal operational micronisation conditions of the spiral jet mill. The recently developed nanoindentation technique is applied to examine subsurface properties of pharmaceutical bulk materials, namely calcite, sodium ascorbate, lactose and sodium chloride. Pressing a small sized tip into the material while continuously recording load and displacement, characteristic diagrams are derived. The mathematical evaluation of the force-displacement-data allows for calculation of the hardness and the elastic modulus of the investigated material at penetration depths between 50-300 nm. Grinding experiments performed with a modified spiral jet mill (Type Fryma JMRS 80) indicate the strong impact of the elastic-plastic properties of a given substance on its breaking behaviour. The fineness of milled products produced at constant grinding conditions but with different crystalline powders varies significantly as it is dependent on the nanohardness and the elasticity of the feed material. The analysis of this correlation gives new insights into the size reduction process.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Wurzburg, Wurzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Sascha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zügner
authors.forename: Karin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Marquardt
authors.forename: Ingfried
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
mesh_terms: D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000737:chemistry*; D003461:Crystallography; D004304:Dosage Forms; D004548:Elasticity; D006244:Hardness; D007785:Lactose / Q000737:chemistry*; D008433:Mathematics; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D011208:Powders; D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D007785:Lactose; D001205:Ascorbic Acid