Developmental history of the Glover-Nilsson smoking behavioral questionnaire.
OBJECTIVE
To develop a simple, easily administered pencil-and-paper questionnaire to determine the degree to which behavioral patterns play a role in smoking dependence.


METHODS
A modified Delphi technique was used to identify initial questions and to eliminate obvious duplications. Phase 2 utilized multiple statistical methods (principal components analysis, cluster analysis, stepwise multiple linear regression, cross tables, Mantel-Haenzel c2-test, and a Gamma test) to evaluate and reduce the number of questions from 18.


RESULTS
These analyses yielded an 11-item questionnaire that can potentially assess behavioral dependence.


CONCLUSIONS
It is hoped that the GN-SBQ will assist physicians, health care providers, and tobacco interventionists in identifying aspects of smoking addiction that are behavioral in nature. The need for future research is discussed.
Glover
Elbert D
ED
Public and Community Health, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. eglover1@umd.edu
Nilsson
Fredrik
F
Westin
Ake
A
Glover
Penny N
PN
Laflin
Molly T
MT
Persson
Birger
B
D001294:Attitude to Health; D006801:Humans; D012907:Smoking / Q000523:psychology*; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States