title: [Questionable basis for 'hopeless and unbearable suffering' as the criterion for the active termination of life in newborns with spina bifida].
abstract: Is 'hopeless and unbearable suffering' a just criterion for the deliberate termination of life of newborns with spina bifida? Hopeless suffering, with no means of alleviation, is not applicable in the acute phase of spina bifida in newborns, but to the chronic suffering that comes later on as the result of pain and discomfort experienced by the patient. There is a need for a nationwide discussion on (a) how can we determine when acute or chronic suffering become hopeless and unbearable, and on what basis should a given situation be regarded as an 'emergency situation'?; (b) what qualifies as a very severe form of spina bifida?; (c) what kind of care should be provided after the decision to withhold active care?
authors.affiliation: Erasmus MC, Postbus 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam. e.j.o.kompanje@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: E J O
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Kompanje
authors.forename: T H R
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: W F M
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Arts
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Rotteveel
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D028601:Euthanasia, Active / Q000941:ethics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D016135:Spinal Dysraphism / Q000150:complications*; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000941:ethics*