title: Meat and fish consumption, APC gene mutations and hMLH1 expression in colon and rectal cancer: a prospective cohort study (The Netherlands).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between meat and fish consumption and APC mutation status and hMLH1 expression in colon and rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The associations were investigated in the Netherlands Cohort Study, and included 434 colon and 154 rectal cancer patients on whom case-cohort analyses (subcohort n = 2948) were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total meat consumption was not associated with the endpoints studied. Meat product (i.e. processed meat) consumption showed a positive association with colon tumours harbouring a truncating APC mutation, whereas beef consumption was associated with an increased risk of colon tumours without a truncating APC mutation (incidence rate ratio (RR) highest versus lowest quartile of intake 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96-2.71, p-trend = 0.04 and 1.58, 95% CI 1.10-2.25, p-trend = 0.01, respectively). Consumption of other meat (horsemeat, lamb, mutton, frankfurters and deep-fried meat rolls) was associated with an increased risk of rectal cancer without a truncating APC mutation (RR intake versus no intake 1.79, 95% CI 1.10-2.90). No associations were observed for meat consumption and tumours lacking hMLH1 expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that several types of meat may contribute differently to the aetiology of colon and rectal cancer, depending on APC mutation status but not hMLH1 expression of the tumour.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Nutrition and Toxicology Research Institute Maastricht (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Margreet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lüchtenborg
authors.forename: Matty P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Weijenberg
authors.forename: Anton F P M
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: de Goeij
authors.forename: Petra A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wark
authors.forename: Mirian
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brink
authors.forename: Guido M J M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Roemen
authors.forename: Marjolein H F M
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Lentjes
authors.forename: Adriaan P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: de Bruïne
authors.forename: R Alexandra
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Goldbohm
authors.forename: Pieter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van 't Veer
authors.forename: Piet A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: van den Brandt
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D011125:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein / Q000235:genetics*; D000368:Aged; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D004260:DNA Repair; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes; D015870:Gene Expression; D017491:Genes, APC; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008460:Meat / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000145:classification*; D008875:Middle Aged; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1; D009154:Mutation; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D025601:Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C501486:MLH1 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D000070957:MutL Protein Homolog 1