title: Limitations and technical considerations of endovascular treatment in neonates with high-flow arteriovenous shunts presenting with congestive heart failure: report of two cases.
abstract: METHODS
  We report two neonatal patients with high-flow intracranial or cervical arteriovenous (AV) shunts who presented with congestive heart failure and were successfully managed with endovascular treatment. One with vein of Galen malformation with body weight of only 2.0 kg is, to our knowledge, the smallest neonate successfully treated with endovascular treatment. The other neonate is, to our knowledge, the first vertebro-vertebral fistula patient presenting with heart failure and treated successfully with endovascular treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Even in neonates, endovascular treatment is the procedure of choice for high-flow AV shunts presenting with progressive congestive heart failure resistant to medical management. We discuss limitations and technical considerations of endovascular treatments in small neonates with high-flow AV shunts and congestive heart failure.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada. snakano@fc.miyazaki-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shinichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakano
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agid
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Klurfan
authors.forename: Marlise Peruzzo
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: dos Santos Souza
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Armstrong
authors.forename: Karel G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Terbrugge
mesh_terms: D001166:Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical; D002533:Cerebral Angiography / Q000379:methods; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods