title: Pain response of neonates to venipuncture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the physiological and behavioral response to pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  80 healthy neonates requiring bilirubin estimation, blood sugar etc, were randomly assigned to receive a venous puncture. All parameters were recorded 10 minutes prior, during and 10 minutes after the procedure. Evaluated NIPS score and RR. HR, NIBP and O2 saturation observed on Datex-Ohmeda multimonitor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the venepuncture, heart rate (p<0.001) and blood pressure (p<0.001) were significantly increased in both the groups but more significant increase was present in Group I (>2.5 kg) as compared to Group II (>2.5 kg). Respiratory rate was also increased but more significant in Group II (p<0.001) whereas oxygen saturation was decreased in both the groups but more significant in Group I (p<0.001). Median Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score was higher in both the Groups (p<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The outcome measures appear to be reliable indices of term neonates responses to painful stimulation. NIPS are suitable instruments for neonatal pain evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sevagram, Wardha, Maharashtra, India. amar_bharti2000@yahoo.co.uk
authors.forename: Amar M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Taksande
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Vilhekar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chitre
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D018730:Infant Behavior; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010146:Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods*; D018962:Phlebotomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012119:Respiration
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen