title: Improved survival of ischemic cutaneous and musculocutaneous flaps after vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfer using adeno-associated virus vectors.
abstract: A major challenge in reconstructive surgery is flap ischemia, which might benefit from induction of therapeutic angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate the effect of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector delivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)165 in two widely recognized in vivo flap models. For the epigastric flap model, animals were injected subcutaneously with 1.5 x 10(11) particles of AAV-VEGF at day 0, 7, or 14 before flap dissection. In the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap model, AAV-VEGF was injected intramuscularly. The delivery of AAV-VEGF significantly improved flap survival in both models, reducing necrosis in all treatment groups compared to controls. The most notable results were obtained by administering the vector 14 days before flap dissection. In the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap model, AAV-VEGF reduced the necrotic area by >50% at 1 week after surgery, with a highly significant improvement in the healing process throughout the following 2 weeks. The therapeutic effect of AAV-VEGF on flap survival was confirmed by histological evidence of neoangiogenesis in the formation of large numbers of CD31-positive capillaries and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive arteriolae, particularly evident at the border between viable and necrotic tissue. These results underscore the efficacy of VEGF-induced neovascularization for the prevention of tissue ischemia and the improvement of flap survival in reconstructive surgery.
authors.affiliation: ICGEB Trieste, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy.
authors.forename: Serena
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zacchigna
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Papa
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Antonini
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Novati
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moimas
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Carrer
authors.forename: Nikola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arsic
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zentilin
authors.forename: Valentina
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Visintini
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pascone
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giacca
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001160:Arterioles / Q000378:metabolism; D002196:Capillaries / Q000378:metabolism; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D006085:Graft Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007511:Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply*; D013997:Time Factors; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D019408:Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; C498862:Acta2 protein, rat