title: [Doctors belonging to the Senegalese Association of Sport Medicine and doping in sports: survey on knowledge and attitudes].
abstract: Doping in sports is as old as sports, but it grew considerably during the 20th century with the arrival in stadiums during the 1990s of amphetamines and anabolic steroids as well as such peptide hormones as erythropoietin. The international fight against doping took a giant step forward in 1999 with the creation of the world antidoping agency (WADA). This study is part of that fight. It follows an earlier survey of retail pharmacists in Senegal and aims to evaluate the knowledge about doping of doctors belonging to the Senegalese Association of Sports Medicine and to assess their attitude towards this phenomenon. Its goal is to determine how best to involve them in preventive actions. We conducted a survey in 2001 and randomly selected and interviewed 60 of the 92 doctors in the association. The questionnaire focused on three areas: their knowledge of doping, their attitudes to it, and the means of prevention that they proposed. The results showed that only 11 of the 60 doctors knew the definition of doping and 15% of doctors could not cite any family of doping products. They were aware mainly of testosterone and other anabolic steroids (84.3%), then amphetamines and other stimulants (64.7%), and finally peptide hormones (58.8%). The subjects mentioned blood doping and pharmacological manipulations as forbidden methods. They considered that the four groups of drugs most often used by athletes for doping were, in descending order, anabolic steroids, stimulants, peptide hormones and corticoids. Eighty per cent of doctors think that Senegalese athletes use doping products and that the sports most involved are football, wrestling, track and field and basketball. They also think that doping is a form of drug addiction and a public health problem. Eleven doctors (18%) said they had been contacted for information on use of doping products. The interviewees consider that the three best methods of prevention include information about side effects, unannounced urine and blood tests, and sanctions. This work shows that Senegalese athletes may use doping; it contains no direct proofs but many indirect indicators. Success against doping requires preventive activities that should be conducted jointly for trainers, sports federations and doctors of the Senegalese Association of Sports Medicine and then by all of them for athletes, who are the primary targets of any prevention campaign.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de pharmacologie et de physiologie, Faculté de médecine, de pharmacie et d'odonto-stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar, Sénégal. ctdieye@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: Amadou Moctar
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Dièye
authors.forename: Boubacar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Diallo
authors.forename: Assane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fall
authors.forename: Mamadou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ndiaye
authors.forename: Fallou
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cissè
authors.forename: Babacar
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Faye
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000662:Amphetamines; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001490:Basketball; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D004300:Doping in Sports / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000517:prevention & control; D004921:Erythropoietin; D005538:Football; D006266:Health Education; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D012675:Senegal; D013178:Sports Medicine / Q000193:education; D015813:Substance Abuse Detection / Q000379:methods; D013739:Testosterone; D014142:Track and Field; D014952:Wrestling
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000662:Amphetamines; D045930:Anabolic Agents; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D004921:Erythropoietin; D013739:Testosterone