title: Bidi and cigarette smoking and risk of acute myocardial infarction among males in urban India.
abstract: Death from myocardial infarction (MI) in India is exacerbated by smoking of bidis or cigarettes. Smoking among 309 men with incident MI was compared to 618 age matched controls; 56% of the individuals with MI and 26% of controls were current smokers. Current smokers had a relative risk of 4.7 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2 to 6.9) compared to never smokers. Relative risks for smoking more than 10 cigarettes or 10 bidis daily were 9.1 (95% CI 4.7 to 17.7) and 8.1 (95% CI 4.3 to 15.3), respectively. It is estimated that smoking may cause 53% (95% CI 47% to 64%) of MIs among urban males in India.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. TRASTOGI@post.harvard.edu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rastogi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jha
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prabhakaran
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Spiegelman
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Willett
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ascherio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D014030:Tobacco, Smokeless / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014504:Urban Health / Q000706:statistics & numerical data