title: Abnormalities in the bone mineral metabolism in HIV-infected patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate bone mineral metabolism in HIV infected and asymptomatic patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) containing protease inhibitors (PI) and naïve patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied 30 asymptomatic HIV infected male patients, 13 in the naive group and 17 in the IP group, both without differences in demographics characteristics. We excluded women and patients with any known factor associated to osteopenia. We did a nutritional questionnaire, a DEXA scan in lumbar spine and femur, a study of CD4 lymphocytes, viral load and an analysis of bone formation and resorption markers in all patients. We compared vitamin D and PTH levels with a control group of healthy male volunteers age-pareated. For the statistical analysis we used the SPSS program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Osteopenia was present in 17/30 (57%), 8/13 (61.5%) in the naïve group and 9/17 (53%) in the PI group (not significant differences). We found a vitamin D deficiency in 86% of patients, with mean serum levels that was found to be significantly lower than those from a healthy control group (p=0.04). Testosterone level was significantly related to bone mineral density in lumbar spine (p</=0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV may be an individual risk factor in bone disorders, requiring calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Virgen de la Salud, Avenida Barber, 30, Toledo, 45004, Spain. angel_apa@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: García Aparicio
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muñoz Fernández
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Arribas
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Vázquez
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Coya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Martín Mola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015519:Bone Density; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000097:blood; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017320:HIV Protease Inhibitors; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D013739:Testosterone