title: High serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with systemic sclerosis are associated with pulmonary involvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  YKL-40, a growth factor of connective tissue cells, is elevated in sera from patients with diseases characterized by inflammation, tissue remodelling, or fibrosis. The aim of the study was to determine serum YKL-40 levels in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to explore any possible clinical and prognostic associations.
  
  
  METHODS
  YKL-40 was measured in sera from 88 patients with SSc (26 with diffuse and 62 with limited skin involvement) and in sera from 88 matched healthy controls. Immunohistochemical staining for YKL-40 antigen was performed in a biopsy from a patient with pulmonary SSc.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum YKL-40 levels of the SSc patients were significantly higher than those of the controls (p<0.00001). Patients with pulmonary fibrosis by chest X-ray, obstructive ventilatory pattern, reduced diffusing capacity (DLco), and digital joint deformity due to skin retraction had significantly higher serum YKL-40 compared with patients without these findings. Patients with elevated serum YKL-40 had shorter survival times than patients with normal serum YKL-40 (p = 0.0005), although this was not independent of age and pulmonary function. YKL-40 protein expression was found in inflammatory cells in fibrosing pulmonary tissue from a patient with SSc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serum YKL-40 is elevated in patients with SSc with pulmonary involvement.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, Hvidovre Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nordenbaek
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Johansen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Halberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wiik
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Garbarsch
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ullman
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
mesh_terms: D054392:Adipokines; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D037102:Lectins; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011336:Probability; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D012016:Reference Values; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D054392:Adipokines; D015415:Biomarkers; C084533:CHI3L1 protein, human; D000071451:Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; D006023:Glycoproteins; D037102:Lectins