title: Detection and localization of prostate cancer: correlation of (11)C-choline PET/CT with histopathologic step-section analysis.
abstract: This study evaluated the potential usefulness of (11)C-choline PET/CT for detection and localization of tumors within the prostate. We used the results of step-section histopathologic examination as the standard of reference.
  
  
  METHODS
  The results were analyzed on a sextant basis. We reviewed the results of the (11)C-choline PET/CT scans of 36 patients with prostate cancer and of 5 control subjects with bladder cancer. All patients underwent (11)C-choline PET/CT and, subsequently, radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection within 1 mo. (11)C-Choline PET/CT scans were obtained 5-10 min after intravenous injection of 370-555 MBq of (11)C-choline. Images were reviewed visually and semiquantitatively using maximum SUV and tumor-to-background ratio.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On a sextant basis, histopathologic analysis detected cancer foci in 143 of 216 sextants; high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasm foci were detected in 89 of 216 sextants (in 59 sextants in association with carcinoma, in 30 sextants alone), acute prostatitis was detected in 7 of 216 sextants (in 3 sextants in association with carcinoma, in 4 sextants alone), and 39 of 216 sextants were normal. PET/CT demonstrated focal (11)C-choline uptake in 108 sextants (94 of which involved tumor), and 108 sextants showed no abnormal (11)C-choline uptake (49 of which were false negative). The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PET/CT were 66%, 81%, 71%, 87%, and 55%, respectively. In the 5 control subjects, high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasm was detected at histologic examination in 16 of 30 sextants. PET/CT showed increased (11)C-choline uptake in 5 of 16 sextants.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated the feasibility of using (11)C-choline PET/CT to identify cancer foci within the prostate. However, we also found that (11)C-choline PET/CT has a relative high rate of false-negative results on a sextant basis and that prostatic disorders other than cancer may accumulate (11)C-choline. Therefore, our data do not support the routine use of PET/CT with (11)C-choline as a first-line screening procedure for prostate cancer in men at high risk.
authors.affiliation: Nuclear Medicine Department, PET Unit, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: Mohsen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Farsad
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schiavina
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Castellucci
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nanni
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Corti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Martorana
authors.forename: Romeo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Canini
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Grigioni
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Boschi
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marengo
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pettinato
authors.forename: Eugenio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Salizzoni
authors.forename: Nino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Monetti
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Franchi
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fanti
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002794:Choline; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D002794:Choline