Dietitian involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit: more is better.
OBJECTIVE
Describe the level of registered dietitian (RD) involvement in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and associations with NICU nutrition practices.


METHODS
Questionnaires were mailed to 820 NICUs in the United States with two follow-up mailings to nonresponders. Abbreviated phone surveys were conducted with a random sample of 10% of nonresponders. A nutrition care score was devised based on a sum of 10 survey questions (range 0 to 10) to summarize the intensity of reported practices.


METHODS
Directors of NICUs in the United States and RDs associated with them.


METHODS
Chi2, analysis of variance, Bonferroni and Duncan multiple range tests, regression.


RESULTS
Respondents from 417 (54%) of the 772 NICUs eligible for the study provided completed questionnaires. Among NICUs responding, 76% involved RDs in care (41% employed full- or part-time RDs, 35% employed consult RDs), and 24% had no RD. NICUs with full- or part-time RDs provided fewer kilocalories and more protein parenterally, and more kilocalories and protein enterally. NICUs with less RD involvement were more likely to provide full-term infant feedings (eg, unfortified breast milk, full-term formula) to very-low-birth-weight infants. Mean nutrition care score varied with RD involvement from 4.6+/-1.7 (mean+/-standard deviation) for NICUs with a consult RD and 4.7+/-1.4 for NICUs employing no RD to 5.6+/-1.7 for NICUs with a full- or part-time RD (overall P<.001).


CONCLUSIONS
More involvement of RDs in NICUs increased the intensity of important aspects of nutrition care that may improve outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants in NICUs. These findings highlight the importance of RDs as NICU team members.
Olsen
Irene E
IE
Department of Nutrition, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. ieolsen@yahoo.com
Richardson
Douglas K
DK
Schmid
Christopher H
CH
Ausman
Lynne M
LM
Dwyer
Johanna T
JT
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004046:Dietetics; D006801:Humans; D007225:Infant Food / Q000592:standards*; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000592:standards*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight / Q000254:growth & development*; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal / Q000592:standards / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D018529:Nutritional Support; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States