title: [Management strategies in the first operative phase after long-bone injury of the lower extremity in multiple-injured patients. A systematic literature review].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Lower extremity injuries make up a substantial proportion of the injuries in multiply injured patients. The aim of this systematic literature analysis was to give an overview of the levels of evidence for different management strategies in the first operative phase after long-bone injuries of the lower extremity in multiply injured patients to enable, in the presence of adequate evidence, the development of clinical management corridors or, if the evidence was found to be inadequate, to document the necessity for scientific proof.
  
  
  METHODS
  Clinical trials were systematically collected (Medline, Cochrane and hand searches) and classified into evidence levels (EL 1 to 5 according to the Oxford system).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The necessity for primary or secondary definitive osteosynthesis of femur/tibia shaft fractures is still a matter of discussion. Intramedullary nailing is the preferred operative procedure for definitive treatment of femur shaft fractures. Stabilization of proximal and distal femur and tibia fractures is predominantly based on expert opinion. According to the literature, perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is essential in fracture treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Numerous comparative studies (EL 2) dealing with management strategies in the first operative phase after long-bone injuries of the lower extremity in multiply injured patients are available, but there are only a few randomized studies. Based on the available data, it is possible to develop a rational therapy for this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Lehrstuhl der Universität Witten/Herdecke, Klinikum Köln-Merheim. dieter.rixen@uni-wh.de
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rixen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sauerland
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Oestern
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouillon
mesh_terms: D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003422:Critical Care / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D017102:Fracture Healing; D006801:Humans; D035002:Lower Extremity / Q000293:injuries / Q000601:surgery; D009104:Multiple Trauma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000639:trends; D011379:Prognosis; D013978:Tibial Fractures / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome