title: Detecting deception using functional magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to accurately detect deception is presently very limited. Detecting deception might be more accurately achieved by measuring the brain correlates of lying in an individual. In addition, a method to investigate the neurocircuitry of deception might provide a unique opportunity to test the neurocircuitry of persons in whom deception is a prominent component (i.e., conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, etc.).
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that specific regions were reproducibly activated when subjects deceived. Subjects participated in a mock crime stealing either a ring or a watch. While undergoing an fMRI, the subjects denied taking either object, thus telling the truth with some responses, and lying with others. A Model-Building Group (MBG, n = 30) was used to develop the analysis methods, and the methods were subsequently applied to an independent Model-Testing Group (MTG, n = 31).
  
  
  RESULTS
  We were able to correctly differentiate truthful from deceptive responses, correctly identifying the object stolen, for 93% of the subjects in the MBG and 90% of the subjects in the MTG.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This is the first study to use fMRI to detect deception at the individual level. Further work is required to determine how well this technology will work in different settings and populations.
authors.affiliation: Center for Advanced Imaging Research (CAIR), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. andrew.kozel@utsouthwestern.edu
authors.forename: F Andrew
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Kozel
authors.forename: Kevin A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Qiwen
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Emily L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Grenesko
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Laken
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: George
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000502:physiology*; D016000:Cluster Analysis; D008192:Deception; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009484:Neuropsychology / Q000379:methods; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen