title: Anthocyanin-flavanol condensation products from black currant (Ribes nigrum L.).
abstract: Putative flavanol-anthocyanin condensation products were detected in a polyphenol-rich concentrate from black currant (Ribes nigrum L.). These compounds had UV-vis spectra similar to those of delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, but eluted before all previously described anthocyanins on reversed phase HPLC. Mass spectrometric data indicated that they were rutinoside derivatives of novel aglycons 304 amu greater than delphinidin and cyanidin, respectively. The compounds were partly purified by semipreparative HPLC and gave MS and MS2 spectra consistent with anthocyanin rutinosides covalently linked to epigallocatechin or gallocatechin. These compounds are similar in structure to compounds thought to influence color and quality in red wines and strawberry juice products. There was also evidence for the presence of a range of other flavanol-anthocyanin condensation products. The compounds were present at differing levels in juices of 10 black currant varieties, which were roughly correlated to the content of the parent anthocyanins. The flavanol-anthocyanin products were present in polyphenol-enriched concentrates obtained by solid phase extraction, in commercially produced concentrates, and in fresh extracts of black currants. This suggests that the compounds were not artifacts formed during concentration or purification. However, differences in their comparative contents may be related to the lability of the parent anthocyanins during processing. Although present at low levels, the flavanol-anthocyanin products may influence color or quality parameters of black currant juices, and they may confer enhanced stability to the biological activities reported for their anthocyanin parents.
authors.affiliation: Quality, Health and Nutrition Programme, Genes to Products Theme, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, United Kingdom. gmcdou@scri.sari.ac.uk
authors.forename: Gordon J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gordon
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Derek
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000872:Anthocyanins / Q000032:analysis*; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D044948:Flavonols / Q000032:analysis*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D031965:Ribes / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000872:Anthocyanins; D044948:Flavonols