title: Value of APACHE II, SOFA and CPIS scores in predicting prognosis in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent infection with high mortality rates in intensive care units (ICUs) and the prediction of outcome is important in the decision-making process.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) in the prediction of mortality during VAP episodes in pulmonary patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was a prospective observational cohort study. Sixty-three patients who were admitted to the ICU and developed VAP were included in the study consecutively. Clinical and laboratory data conforming to the APACHE II and SOFA scores were recorded on admission and APACHE II, SOFA and CPIS scores on the day of the diagnosis of VAP. The outcome measure was the ICU mortality. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to estimate the predictive ability of the scoring systems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mortality rate was 54%. The mean APACHE II (21 +/- 6, 14 +/- 5; p = 0.001), SOFA (7 +/- 3, 4 +/- 2; p = 0.002) and CPIS (8 +/- 2, 7 +/- 3; p = 0.025) scores determined at the time of VAP diagnosis were significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors. Discrimination was excellent for APACHE II (ROC AUC: 0.81; p = 0.001) and acceptable for SOFA (ROC AUC: 0.71; p = 0.005) scores. Of the three scores only APACHE II >16 was an independent predictor of the mortality (OR: 5; 95% CI: 1.3-18; p = 0.019) in the logistic regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that APACHE II determined at the time of VAP diagnosis may be useful in predicting mortality in the pulmonary ICU patient population who develops VAP.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Diseases Department, Intensive Care Unit, Gazi University School of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara, Turkey. ggursel@gazi.edu.tr
authors.forename: Gul
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gursel
authors.forename: Senay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Demirtas
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001419:Bacteria / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D003422:Critical Care; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D012122:Ventilators, Mechanical / Q000009:adverse effects*