title: Adverse effects of intradermal allogeneic lymphocyte immunotherapy: acute reactions and role of autoimmunity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunotherapy with allogeneic lymphocytes was introduced as a therapeutic option for selected infertile couples in different centres worldwide 20 years ago. It has been suggested for other indications as well, e.g. for pregnant women at risk of a child with Rhesus-D haemolytic disease, or as a vaccine which might reduce the receptiveness for HIV-1 infection. Here we report on our experience on adverse side-effects of intradermal lymphocyte immunotherapy (LIT) for infertile couples using partner's lymphocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective 4 week follow-up of all couples from 2000 to 2003 for acute reactions (feedback 2687/3246 [corrected] 83%). All couples treated between 1996 and 2002 received questionnaires after 2-3 years (feedback 1914/3041, 63%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Local reactions predominantly consisted of redness and itching for approximately 2 weeks. Systemic reactions could be attributed to LIT in 6-8%. Blisters at the injection sites were characteristic of LIT but not dependent on the HLA class I mismatch status between cell donor and host. The incidence of autoimmune disease was 0.1%. Four patients developed thromboembolism in pregnancy which was not ascribed to antiphospholipid syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute side-effects are comparable to those reported after intradermal vaccination for infectious diseases. Specific risks for anaphylaxis, autoimmune or graft versus host disease were not detected.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstr. 5, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Steinmann
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Westphal
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Magez
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kabelitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015551:Autoimmunity; D001768:Blister / Q000209:etiology; D005076:Exanthema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006086:Graft vs Host Disease / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000628:therapy*; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D017710:Lymphocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous