title: Effects of chlorpromazine on mechanical properties of the outer hair cell plasma membrane.
abstract: An optical tweezers system was used to characterize the effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the mechanical properties of the mammalian outer hair cell (OHC) through the formation of plasma membrane tethers. Such tethers exhibited force relaxation when held at a constant length for several minutes. We used a second-order generalized Kelvin body to model tether-force behavior from which several mechanical parameters were then calculated including stiffness, viscosity-associated measures, and force relaxation time constants. The results of the analysis portray a two-part relaxation process characterized by significantly different rates of force decay, which we propose is due to the local reorganization of lipids within the tether and the flow of external lipid into the tether. We found that CPZ's effect was limited to the latter phenomenon since only the second phase of relaxation was significantly affected by the drug. This finding coupled with an observed large reduction in overall tether forces implies a common basis for the drug's effects, the plasma membrane-cytoskeleton interaction. The CPZ-induced changes in tether viscoelastic behavior suggest that alterations in the mechanical properties of the OHC lateral wall could play a role in the modulation of OHC electromotility by CPZ.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892, USA.
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Murdock
authors.forename: Sergey A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Ermilov
authors.forename: Alexander A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Spector
authors.forename: Aleksander S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Popel
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Brownell
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Anvari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D017276:Friction; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D018072:Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical