title: [A follow-up study on transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus with Amplatzer duct occluder in children].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To document the five-year follow-up results of transcatheter Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in children and to assess the safety and effectiveness of this method for PDA closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective cohort study was completed in patients with PDA underwent transcatheter closure by the ADO in Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute from April 1998 to December 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transcatheter closure of PDA with ADO was attempted in 250 children patients. The median age was 5.3 years and median weight was 15.1 kg. The PDAs were from 1.8 mm to 11.0 mm (median 4.2 mm) in the narrowest diameter, of which 52 were larger than 5 mm (20.0%). All PDAs were occluded with 4 approximately 14 mm ADO through 6F (n = 205) or 7F (n = 45) sheaths. Devices were successfully implanted in 245 patients (98.0%). The Qp/Qs decreased from 1.90 +/- 0.60 to 1.03 +/- 0.21 (P < 0.05). All shapes of the PDA could be closed. Late complication occurred in five patients, including hemolysis in three patients and the los of the pulse of femoral artery in two patients. Follow-up after device implantation was accomplished in 205 patients (82.0%). The incidence of residual shunt at follow-up periods of 1 d, 1 m, 6 m, 12 m, 24 m, 36 m, 48m and 60 m after device occlusion was 9.2%, 2.8%, 1.2%, 0.8%, 0, 0, 0 and 0, respectively. Five patients (2.0%) required re-intervention to treat residual shunt with or without hemolysis. Event-free rates were 98.0% at one year and five years.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This long-term follow-up result confirmed the safety and effectiveness of ADO closure of PDAs in children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou 510100, China.
authors.forename: Jun-jie
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yu-fen
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Zhi-wei
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ming-yang
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Qian
authors.forename: Hui-shen
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D021721:Balloon Occlusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006461:Hemolysis; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome