title: Associations between short-term changes in nitrogen dioxide and mortality in Canadian cities.
abstract: The association between daily variations in ambient concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and mortality was examined in 12 of Canada's largest cities, using a 19-yr time-series analysis (from 1981-1999). The authors employed parametric statistical methods that are not subject to the recently discovered convergence and error estimation problems of generalized additive models. An increase in the 3-d moving average of NO2 concentrations equivalent to the population-weighted study mean of 22.4 ppb was associated with a 2.25% (t = 4.45) increase in the daily nonaccidental mortality rate and was insensitive to adjustment for ozone, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, coefficient of haze, size-fractionated particulate mass, and the sulfate ion measured on an every-6th-day sampling schedule. The 3-d moving average of NO2 was sensitive to adjustment for fine particulate matter measured daily during the 1998-2000 time period.
authors.affiliation: Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, Safe Environments Directorate, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada. rick_burnett@hc-sc.gc.ca
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Dave
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stieb
authors.forename: Jeffrey R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Brook
authors.forename: Sabit
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cakmak
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dales
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raizenne
authors.forename: Renaud
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vincent
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dann
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D009026:Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis*; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D009585:Nitrogen Dioxide