title: Kidney transplantation combined with other organs: experience of Bologna s. Orsola hospital.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a series of patients who underwent combined heart-kidney transplantation (CHKT) and combines liver-kidney transplantation (CLKT) at a single center.
  
  
  METHODS
  From January 1997 to October 2004, 13 CLKT and 2 CHKT were performed. The CLKT indications were as follows: polycystic disease (2), kidney polycystic disease associated with Caroli (1) and cirrhosis-hepatitis C virus (HCVs) (1), chronic glomerulonephritis with cirrhosis-HCV (4), and other diseases (5). From December 2003 to October 2004, 2 patients underwent CHKT for idiopathic cardiomyopathy plus glomerulonephritis and ischemic cardiomyopathy associated with vascular nephritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the CLKT group, 1 patient had acute rejection involving both liver and kidney grafts, whereas 1 patient had liver rejection and another 1 had kidney rejection alone. Of the 13 patients, 10 are alive with a mean survival of 583 days (range, 36-2688 days); 2 patients died within 1 month of transplantation (both with polycystic disease) due to ARDS and MOF. Another patient died 6 years and 9 months after CLKT of metastasis from a de novo tumor. In the CHKT group, no patient suffered heart-kidney rejection. They are all alive at 333 and 116 days, with heart and kidney allografts functioning well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the CLKT group, the worst results were for patients with polycystic disease, in whom a more rigorous selection is necessary because of greater technical difficulties. For the remaining patients we had acceptable complications and excellent long-term results. In selected cases, CHKT can provide long-term graft function and patient survival. Our experience indicates that end-stage kidney failure combined with liver or heart failure does not necessarily preclude dual-organ transplantation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Intensive Care Unit and Transplantations, S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. nardo@aosp.bo.it
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nardo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beltempo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Montalti
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bertelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ercolani
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lauro
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Grazi
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Mikus
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pilato
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mikus
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Arpesella
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pinna
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stefoni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cavallari
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faenza
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005921:Glomerulonephritis / Q000601:surgery; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000401:mortality / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D007690:Polycystic Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000601:surgery