title: Failure of vitamin E in clinical trials: is gamma-tocopherol the answer?
abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation play a crucial role in atherosclerosis. However, prospective clinical trials of dietary antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties, such as alpha-tocopherol (AT), have not yielded positive results. AT supplementation decreases gamma-tocopherol (GT) levels. GT is an antioxidant with potent anti-inflammatory activity, and plasma GT levels are inversely associated with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, studies using pure GT, alone or in conjunction with AT, will elucidate its utility in cardiovascular disease prevention.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, USA.
authors.forename: Sridevi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Devaraj
authors.forename: Ishwarlal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jialal
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D001682:Biological Availability; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000975:Antioxidants; D024504:gamma-Tocopherol; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol