title: Immunohistochemical study on gastrointestinal endocrine cells of four reptiles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To clarify the types, regional distributions and distribution densities as well as morphological features of gastrointestinal (GI) endocrine cells in various parts of the gastrointestinal track (GIT) of four reptiles, Gekko japonicus, Eumeces chinensis, Sphenomorphus indicus and Eumeces elegans.
  
  
  METHODS
  Paraffin-embedded sections (5 mum) of seven parts (cardia, fundus, pylorus, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, rectum) of GIT dissected from the four reptiles were prepared. GI endocrine cells were revealed by using immunohistochemical techniques of streptavidin-peroxidase (S-P) method. Seven types of antisera against 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT), somatostatin (SS), gastrin (GAS), glucagon (GLU), substance P (SP), insulin and pancreatic polypeptide were identified and then GI endocrine cells were photomicrographed and counted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GI endocrine system of four reptiles was a complex structure containing many endocrine cell types similar in morphology to those found in higher vertebrates. Five types of GI endocrine cells, namely 5-HT, SS, GAS, SP and GLU immunoreactive (IR) cells were identified in the GIT of G. japonicus, E. chinensis and S. indicus; while in the GIT of E. elegans only the former three types of endocrine cells were observed. No PP- and INS- IR cells were found in all four reptiles. 5-HT-IR cells, which were most commonly found in the pylorus or duodenum, distributed throughout the whole GIT of four reptiles. However, their distribution patterns varied from each other. SS-IR cells, which were mainly found in the stomach especially in the pylorus and/or fundus, were demonstrated in the whole GIT of E. chinensis, only showed restricted distribution in the other three species. GAS-IR cells, with a much restricted distribution, were mainly demonstrated in the pylorus and/or the proximal small intestine of four reptiles. GLU-IR cells exhibited a limited and species-dependent variant distribution in the GIT of four reptiles. SP-IR cells were found throughout the GIT except for jejunum in E. elegans and showed a restricted distribution in the GIT of G. japonicus and S. indicus. In the GIT of four reptiles the region with the highest degree of cell type heterogeneity was pylorus and most types of GI endocrine cells along the GIT showed the peak density in pylorus as well.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Some common and unique features of the distribution and morphology of different types of GI endocrine cells are found in four reptiles. This common trait may reflect the similarity in digestive physiology of various vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Key Laboratories on Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China.
authors.forename: Xu-Gen
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Xiao-Bing
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019858:Enteroendocrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008116:Lizards / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D012104:Reptiles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D005768:Gastrointestinal Hormones; D036361:Peptide Hormones