title: Proposals for wastewater treatment by applying flocculating activity of cross-linked poly-gamma-glutamic acid.
abstract: Cross-linked poly-gamma-glutamic acid (C-L gamma-PGA) markedly purified polluted water collected from rivers and ponds by flocculation and precipitation. This effect of C-L gamma-PGA occasionally required pretreatment with polyaluminum chloride (PAC). Components of polluted water in rivers or ponds are generally thought to be clay minerals, microorganisms and chemical compounds. In this study, the flocculating activities of C-L gamma-PGA against suspensions of bentonite, diatomaceous earth, Escherichia coli and Mycrocystis aeruginosa, and against solutions of crystal violet and bisphenol A were investigated. The mode of action of C-L gamma-PGA is thought to be based on electrostatic interaction between flocculants, C-L gamma-PGA and PAC, and the surface of polluted water components, which may lead to neutralization of the zeta-potential of those components.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan. makoto@sci.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Kouji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimauchi
authors.forename: Xu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Ping
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakayama
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tarui
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hirasawa
mesh_terms: D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D014877:Water Pollution, Chemical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D007220:Industrial Waste; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid