title: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and human leucocyte antigen-G inhibit the T-cell alloproliferative response through two independent pathways.
abstract: Both human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-G and indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) are key molecules involved in immune tolerance. HLA-G is a non-classical HLA class I molecule that can be expressed in both membrane-bound (HLA-G1) and soluble (HLA-G5) forms, both of which exhibit tolerogenic properties via interaction with inhibitory receptors present on natural killer (NK) cells, T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC). IDO is an enzyme that acts by depleting the surrounding microenvironment of the essential amino acid, tryptophan, thereby inhibiting T-cell proliferation. Our present study was aimed at analysing the potential link that may exist between IDO and HLA-G. Our results showed that during allogeneic reactions, soluble HLA-G expression was not regulated by the addition of IDO substrate (i.e. tryptophan), metabolite (i.e. kynurenine) or inhibitor (i.e. 1-methyl-tryptophan), that IDO activity was not altered by HLA-G5 treatment, and that HLA-G5-mediated inhibition of the T-cell alloproliferative response was neither affected by the presence of tryptophan and kynurenine nor reversed after IDO activity blockage, demonstrating that HLA-G5 can exert its function in the absence of functional IDO. Similarly, inhibition of the T-cell alloresponse, induced by HLA-G1-expressing antigen-presenting cells, was not altered by IDO metabolites or inhibitor. Taken together, these findings show that the function and expression of IDO and HLA-G5 are not mutually influenced, but rather inhibit the T-cell alloproliferative response through two independent pathways. IDO and HLA-G are thus complementary for inducing and maintaining immune tolerance in physiological (pregnancy) and pathological (tumour and allograft) situations.
authors.affiliation: Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, CEA-DSV-DRM, Hôpital Saint-Louis, IUH, Paris, France. lerond@dsvidf.cea.fr
authors.forename: Solène
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Le Rond
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Ana S L
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Edgardo D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Carosella
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rouas-Freiss
mesh_terms: D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000276:immunology*; D007737:Kynurenine / Q000494:pharmacology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D059951:HLA-G Antigens; D015395:Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D007737:Kynurenine