title: TGF-beta and TNF-alpha producing effects of losartan and amlodipine on human mononuclear cell culture.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The modulation of cytokine release, which affects adhesion of leucocytes to endothelial cells, and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with antihypertensive drugs was explored.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the present study, mononuclear cells were incubated with losartan and amlodipine at concentrations of 10(-6), 10(-5) and 10(-4) mol/L for 6 h. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were measured. Proliferation of mononuclear cells were assessed at the same concentrations of amlodipine and losartan with the methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Amlodipine was found to induce TGF-beta synthesis from mononuclear cells with increasing concentrations, while it was found to inhibit TNF-alpha secretion with increasing concentrations. In contrast, losartan was found to induce TGF-beta and TNF-alpha secretion with increasing concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anti-atherosclerotic effects of amlodipine and losartan might be through increased secretion of TGF-beta from mononuclear cells. Different results at different concentrations might be due to the pharmocokinetic differences of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kubra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kaynar
authors.forename: Sukru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ulusoy
authors.forename: Ercument
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ovali
authors.forename: Birgul
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vanizor
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dikmen
authors.forename: Semih
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gul
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006801:Humans; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D017311:Amlodipine; D019808:Losartan