title: Evaluation of depression and anxiety in patients with systemic sclerosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients receiving follow-up in France for systemic sclerosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively evaluated 42 patients admitted for a follow-up evaluation of systemic sclerosis, including 18 with diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and 24 with limited cutaneous scleroderma. Patients admitted for recent organ involvement were excluded. Mean age was 57 +/- 13 years, mean disease duration was 10.2 +/- 8 years, and the mean functional Health Assessment Questionnaire score was 0.682 +/- 0.649. Only four patients had a history of antidepressive drug therapy. We used the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale to evaluate depression and anxiety, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen (43%) patients met criteria for depression and 11 (26%) had scores above the cutoff usually taken to define moderate-to-severe depression. Twenty-seven (64%) patients met criteria for minor anxiety and eight (19%) for major anxiety. Depression and anxiety were strongly correlated with each other (r = 0.89; P < 0.0001). The MADRS score was significantly higher in the patients with pulmonary restrictive disease (P = 0.009) but was not associated with the extent of skin involvement, organ involvement, or disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Systemic scleroderma is associated with a high prevalence of depression and anxiety. These disorders should be looked for routinely and the need for specific treatment evaluated.
authors.affiliation: Rheumatology Department A, Cochin Teaching Hospital, Paris V University, AP-HP, 27 rue du faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France.
authors.forename: Cécile
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Legendre
authors.forename: Yannick
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Allanore
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ferrand
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kahan
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015981:Epidemiologic Factors; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000150:complications*