title: Do psychological factors predict occurrence of influenza-like symptoms in vaccinated elderly residents of a sheltered home?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A previously shown relation between psychological factors and the occurrence of flu has not been tested in elderly people, who are at the greatest risk of mortality from flu complications. This study examined whether psychological factors predict the occurrence of influenza-like symptoms (ILS) in elderly residents.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective correlation design was used.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our sample included 70 elderly residents of a sheltered home (mean age 83.0 years) who were vaccinated against influenza and assessed for background, biomedical factors (e.g. number of illnesses) and psychological factors (e.g. hostility, depression, life-events, and social support). The occurrence of ILS during 2 subsequent winter months was evaluated by a nurse blind to patients' psychological data, according to explicit valid criteria and physicians' notes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventeen patients (24.3%) developed ILS. Number of medications, little physical activity, hostility, depression, and little social support significantly predicted ILS. In a multivariate analysis, only number of drugs (relative risk, RR: 1.54; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.06-2.22) and hostility (RR = 1.18; 95% CI: 1.00-1.38) significantly and independently predicted occurrence of ILS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychological factors (particularly hostility) predict occurrence of ILS in an elderly sample. Possible behavioural and immunological mechanisms linking hostility to development of ILS are discussed. These findings add to the literature on psychological factors and flu, and may have implications for the prediction and prevention of flu in elderly people.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. y.gidron@soton.ac.uk
authors.forename: Yori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gidron
authors.forename: Avishag
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hassid
authors.forename: Hemda
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yisrael
authors.forename: Aya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Biderman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003863:Depression; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007252:Influenza Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000523:psychology*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D010552:Personality Assessment; D011602:Psychophysiologic Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D012306:Risk; D012944:Social Support
chemical_list: D007252:Influenza Vaccines