title: Automatic detection and notification of "wrong patient-wrong location'' errors in the operating room.
abstract: When procedures and processes to assure patient location based on human performance do not work as expected, patients are brought incrementally closer to a possible "wrong patient-wrong procedure'' error. We developed a system for automated patient location monitoring and management. Real-time data from an active infrared/radio frequency identification tracking system provides patient location data that are robust and can be compared with an "expected process'' model to automatically flag wrong-location events as soon as they occur. The system also generates messages that are automatically sent to process managers via the hospital paging system, thus creating an active alerting function to annunciate errors. We deployed the system to detect and annunciate "patient-in-wrong-OR'' events. The system detected all "wrong-operating room (OR)'' events, and all "wrong-OR'' locations were correctly assigned within 0.50+/-0.28 minutes (mean+/-SD). This corresponded to the measured latency of the tracking system. All wrong-OR events were correctly annunciated via the paging function. This experiment demonstrates that current technology can automatically collect sufficient data to remotely monitor patient flow through a hospital, provide decision support based on predefined rules, and automatically notify stakeholders of errors.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. wsandberg@partners.org
authors.forename: Warren S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Sandberg
authors.forename: Matti
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
authors.forename: Marie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egan
authors.forename: Paige K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Curran
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fairbrother
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Choquette
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daily
authors.forename: Jukka-Pekka
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Sarkka
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rattner
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D003195:Computer Communication Networks; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015274:Interdepartmental Relations; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009873:Operating Rooms; D010355:Patient Identification Systems / Q000379:methods*; D012308:Risk Management / Q000379:methods*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity