title: Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibits programmed cell death of endothelial cells induced by clinorotation.
abstract: The principal aim of this study was to investigate short- and long-term effects of clinorotation on human endothelial cells (EA hy 926 cell line) using a three-dimensional random positioning machine. Moreover, the impact of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was addressed. Immediately, within one hour and after four and twenty-four hours an increase of apoptotic cells was detected. VEGF significantly inhibited the amount of apoptotic endothelial cells (EC). VEGF reduced the amount of fas-positive EC. Moreover, after 24 hours, proliferating EC grew in form of three-dimensional multicellular spheroids and also as monolayers. The initially formed spheroids (maximum diameter 3 mm) remained stable up to the 15th day of clinorotation. Some spheroids revealed tubular structures. In addition, a clear increase of extracellular matrix proteins such as osteopontin and fibronectin was measured. The three-dimensional clinostat represents an important tool for cell biological experiments. VEGF significantly attenuated the changes of endothelial cells induced by simulated weightlessness in a cell protective manner.
authors.affiliation: Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Charité Unviersity Medicine Berlin, Germany. Manfred.Infanger@charite.de
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Infanger
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kossmehl
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shakibaei
authors.forename: Augusto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cogoli
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Witzing
authors.forename: Shideh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faramarzi
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Wittfoht
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grimm
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D012399:Rotation; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018474:Weightlessness Simulation
chemical_list: D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A