title: Posttraumatic anterior-inferior instability of the shoulder: arthroscopic findings and clinical correlations.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The main purpose of our study was to evaluate intra-articular lesions in glenohumeral-instability with arthroscopy and correlate them with clinical findings as well as history of instability.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective multi-centre study, we evaluated arthroscopic findings in 303 patients with posttraumatic anterior-inferior instability of the shoulder. The study cohort was divided into 2 groups: patients with a history of one dislocation (Group 1, n=61, 20.1%) and patients with a history of more than one dislocation (Group 2, n=242, 79.9%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group 1, 37 patients had an IGHL-lesion, 31 a MGHL-lesion and 41 a Hill-Sachs lesion. In Group 2, 182 patients had an IGHL-lesion, 172 a MGHL-lesion and 203 a Hill-Sachs lesion. The percentage of lesions in Group 2 (IGHL-75.2%, MGHL-71.1%, Hill-Sachs-83.9%) was significantly higher than in Group 1 (IGHL-60.7%, MGHL-50.8%, Hill-Sachs-67.2%, P=0.0233, P=0.0026, and P=0.0033, respectively). Within Group 2 we found significantly more Hill-Sachs-lesions with a history of an increasing number of recurrences (P=0.0436). We also found an increase of IGHL- and MGHL-lesions with an increasing number of recurrences, but this difference was not significant. The distribution of lesion types of the anterior labrum-ligament complex showed no significant difference between the two groups, apart from a higher incidence of ALPSA-lesions within Group 2 (34.7% versus 18.0% in Group 1). The results of this study show that recurrences after primary posttraumatic anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation cause increasing ligamental damage as well as increasing Hill-Sachs lesions within the gleno-humeral joint.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thus we conclude that early surgical stabilization after posttraumatic anterior-inferior shoulder dislocation is necessary to prevent increasing damage within the shoulder joint.
authors.affiliation: General Public Hospital of Wiener Neustadt, Corvinusring 3-5, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria. alexander.spatschil@utanet.at
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Spatschil
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Landsiedl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Anderl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Imhoff
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Seiler
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vassilev
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boszotta
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rupp
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001182:Arthroscopy; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D000070599:Shoulder Injuries