title: The effect of individual liveweight and use of teaser rams prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewe hoggets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of liveweight (LW) and use of teaser rams prior to mating on both the mating performance and pregnancy rate of ewe hoggets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Romney hoggets (n=841) were weighed and randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups; either exposed to seven harnessed, vasectomised (teaser) rams for 17 days prior to the breeding period (n=283); or not exposed to teaser rams (unteased, n=558). Harnessed Perendale rams were then introduced for two oestrous cycles. Using crayon marks, hoggets were identified as having been mated during the first 17 days only, during the second 17 days only, during both periods, or not mated. All mated hoggets were then scanned for pregnancy using ultrasound, 48 days after the end of the breeding period, and identified as being either non-pregnant, or as single-, twin or triplet-bearing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hoggets mated in either the first 17 days only or in both the first and second 17-day periods were heavier than those mated in the second period only (p<0.001). Those mated in the first or second 17-day period only, and those mated in both periods were all heavier prior to mating than those not mated at all (p<0.001). Twin-bearing hoggets were heavier than both their single-bearing and non-pregnant counterparts (p<0.001). A greater proportion of the teased hoggets were mated in the first 17 days only compared with unteased hoggets (62.6 vs 32.1%; p<0.001). In contrast, more of the unteased hoggets were marked in the second 17-day period only (p<0.001). A greater proportion of mated, unteased hoggets were found to be non-pregnant in comparison to their teased counterparts (17.8 vs 11.2%; p=0.02).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Heavier hoggets at breeding were more likely to be mated in the first 17 days of the breeding period and more likely to be twin-bearing. Use of teaser rams for 17 days prior to the breeding period increased the proportion of hoggets mated in the first 17 days, increased conception rates, and thus increased the proportion of pregnant hoggets. These results indicate that farmers should utilise teasers for 17 days prior to commencement of the breeding period and avoid mating hoggets that weigh below 36 kg.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. p.r.kenyon@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Kenyon
authors.forename: P C H
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Morel
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: West
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000502:physiology*; D001947:Breeding / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D008098:Litter Size; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011897:Random Allocation; D012098:Reproduction / Q000502:physiology*; D012726:Sexual Behavior, Animal; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*