title: A comparison between long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease and their siblings on fatigue level and factors predicting for increased fatigue.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the level of fatigue in survivors of Hodgkin's disease and their siblings, and to explore factors associated with increased fatigue.
  
  
  METHODS
  Survivors of Hodgkin's disease 5 years or more from diagnosis and their siblings completed a questionnaire study. Fatigue level was measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) instrument, with lower scores reflecting increased fatigue. Multiple regression models were used to identify factors associated with fatigue level in the two populations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five hundred and eleven survivors (median age 44 years; range 16-82) and 224 siblings (median age 44 years; range 16-79) returned the completed questionnaire. The response rates were 61% and 58%, respectively. Compared with siblings, survivors were significantly more likely to report the presence of cardiac disease (26% versus 16%; P = 0.001) and hypothyroidism (65% versus 3%; P <0.001), and had a significantly lower mean FACIT-F score (40.7 and 42.2; P = 0.05). On multivariable analysis, factors significantly associated with increased fatigue in survivors were reports of cardiac disease (P <0.001), psychiatric condition (P <0.001), history of tobacco use (P = 0.004) and low exercise frequency (P = 0.03). For siblings, the only independent factor associated with increased fatigue was low exercise frequency (P = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survivors of Hodgkin's disease were more fatigued than their siblings. The difference was modest but statistically significant. The significant association between fatigue and cardiac disease suggests the importance of screening for underlying cardiac dysfunction in survivors with symptoms of fatigue. The association between fatigue and smoking history may be due to exacerbation of late medical complications of Hodgkin's disease by tobacco use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ang@lroc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Recklitis
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Neuberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chakrabarti
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Silver
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Diller
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005221:Fatigue / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006689:Hodgkin Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D035781:Siblings; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D017741:Survivors