title: Small facial haemangioma and supraumbilical raphe--a forme fruste of PHACES syndrome?
abstract: We report two female infants with congenital midline supraumbilical raphes who subsequently developed haemangiomas on the lower lip and gingiva within the first 2 months of life. One was found to have a subglottic haemangioma during laryngoscopy. The infants were otherwise well and had normal chest X-ray, echocardiogram, cranial ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging/angiography (head, neck, chest) and ophthalmological examination. Both received oral prednisolone 1-2 mg kg(-1) daily and four sessions of flashlamp pulsed-dye laser therapy to the lip lesions, with significant improvement. The initial presentation of these two infants with supraumbilical raphes, who were otherwise healthy and without other cutaneous stigmata, suggested the diagnosis of isolated congenital sternal malformation. However, lower lip and gingival haemangiomas developed 4-6 weeks later, consistent with the diagnosis of PHACES syndrome. Children with sternal malformation and haemangioma may also have intracranial and/or cardiovascular anomalies. All previously reported patients were females who had either craniofacial and/or multiple haemangiomas. We propose guidelines for the evaluation and management of a neonate presenting with a sternal fusion defect at birth.
authors.affiliation: National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205. ycchan@nsc.gov.sg
authors.forename: Y-C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Eichenfield
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Malchiodi
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Friedlander
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple / Q000175:diagnosis; D005153:Facial Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005887:Gingival Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D006391:Hemangioma / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D013249:Sternum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013577:Syndrome; D014472:Umbilicus