Maternal antibodies against cytomegalovirus in pregnancy and the risk of fetal death and low birth weight.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of maternal cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody status in pregnancy on the risk of fetal death and of low birth weight.


METHODS
The study of fetal death risk was a nested case-control study. Cases were all women within a cohort of 35,940 pregnant women in Norway 1992--94, who experienced fetal death after 16th week of gestation (n=281). Controls were 957 randomly selected women with live born children. Both groups were identified through linkage to the Norwegian Medical Birth Registry. The risk of low birth weight was studied in the live born children.


RESULTS
Seventy-two percent (203/281) of the cases and 69% (662/957) of the controls had CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the first trimester (P=0.3). 0.4% (1/281) of the cases and 0.7% (7/957) had CMV IgM antibodies in the first trimester (P=0.7). Among 322 initially CMV antibody-negative women, 11% (6/55) of the cases and 9% (24/267) of the controls had occurrence of CMV IgG and/or IgM antibodies (P=0.7) during pregnancy. Also, after control for maternal age, parity, and follow-up time, no association between CMV antibodies and fetal death was found. CMV antibody status was not associated with low birth weight.


CONCLUSIONS
This study does not support a causal relation between CMV infection in pregnancy and fetal death or low birth weight.
Eskild
Anne
A
Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Nydalen, Norway. anne.eskild@fhi.no
Jenum
Pål A
PA
Bruu
Anne-Lise
AL
D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D001724:Birth Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000097:blood; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000821:virology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M