title: Single daily dose administration of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients: a preliminary report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cyclosporine microemulsion has been the mainstay immunosuppressive agent in renal transplantation for years. Since single daily dosing of cyclosporine is rarely used, the objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of a single daily dose versus twice daily dosing of cyclosporine in renal transplant recipients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective evaluation of single-dose cyclosporine use was conducted for 15 renal transplant recipients for 12 months (study group). Equal numbers of matched renal transplant recipients were selected for age, sex, human leukocyte antigen mismatch, donor type, and immunosuppressive regimen (control group). Cyclosporine trough level and peak cyclosporine blood levels, 12-hour cyclosporine profile, and the area under the concentration-time curve were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a significant difference in cyclosporine peak blood level and calculated area under the curve after shifting to single-dose cyclosporine (P = .001). In the study group, the mean area under the curve was significantly below the average therapeutic range before (3154 ng/mL/ho) versus 5532 ng/mL/h after shifting to the single-dose regimen (which was therapeutic). This value was 5749 ng/mL/h in the control group. Total daily cyclosporine dose was lower in the study group when compared with the control group at 6 and 12 months (P = .01). There were significantly fewer adverse effects in patients in the study group than in patients in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that although cyclosporine dose should be individualized in renal transplant recipients, a single dose of cyclosporine has the added advantage of decreasing dosages and cyclosporine-related adverse effects while maintaining optimal graft function.
authors.affiliation: Hamed Al Essa Organ Transplantation Centre, Safat, Kuwait. medhatmohamed2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: M R N
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nampoory
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Mozairai
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Johny
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mousawi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011241:Prednisone / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid; D011241:Prednisone