title: Glucose determination in human aqueous humor with Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: It has been suggested that spectroscopic analysis of the aqueous humor of the eye could be used to indirectly predict blood glucose levels in diabetics noninvasively. We have been investigating this potential using Raman spectroscopy in combination with partial least squares (PLS) analysis. We have determined that glucose at clinically relevant concentrations can be accurately predicted in human aqueous humor in vitro using a PLS model based on artificial aqueous humor. We have further determined that with proper instrument design, the light energy necessary to achieve clinically acceptable prediction of glucose does not damage the retinas of rabbits and can be delivered at powers below internationally acceptable safety limits. Herein we summarize our current results and address our strategies to improve instrument design.
authors.affiliation: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA. James.L.Lambert@jpl.nasa.gov
authors.forename: James L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Christine C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Pelletier
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Borchert
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D016018:Least-Squares Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013223:Statistics as Topic
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005947:Glucose