title: A histone code in meiosis: the histone kinase, NHK-1, is required for proper chromosomal architecture in Drosophila oocytes.
abstract: To promote faithful propagation of the genetic material during sexual reproduction, meiotic chromosomes undergo specialized morphological changes that ensure accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes. The molecular mechanisms that establish the meiotic chromosomal structures are largely unknown. We describe a mutation in a recently identified Histone H2A kinase, nhk-1, in Drosophila that leads to female sterility due to defects in the formation of the meiotic chromosomal structures. The metaphase I arrest and the karyosome, a critical prophase I chromosomal structure, require nucleosomal histone kinase-1 (NHK-1) function. The defects are a result of failure to disassemble the synaptonemal complex and to load condensin onto the mutant chromosomes. Embryos laid by nhk-1-/- mutant females arrest with aberrant polar bodies and mitotic spindles, revealing that mitosis is affected as well. We analyzed the role of Histone H2A phosphorylation with respect to the histone code hypothesis and found that it is required for acetylation of Histone H3 and Histone H4 in meiosis. These studies reveal a critical role for histone modifications in chromosome dynamics in meiosis and mitosis.
authors.affiliation: Whitehead Institute and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.
authors.forename: Irena
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ivanovska
authors.forename: Tulasi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Khandan
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Orr-Weaver
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D042421:Histone Code / Q000502:physiology; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008677:Metaphase / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D009865:Oocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D006656:Protamine Kinase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational / Q000502:physiology*; D013573:Synaptonemal Complex / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; C506651:Ball protein, Drosophila; D006656:Protamine Kinase