title: Supported arm training in patients recently weaned from mechanical ventilation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effects of early exercise training in patients recovering from acute respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation (MV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective, randomized, and controlled study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three respiratory intermediate ICUs (RIICUs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Of 228 patients admitted to an RIICU, 66 patients weaned from MV from > 48 to < 96 h were considered eligible and enrolled in the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-six patients were randomized to either supported arm exercise training plus general physiotherapy (gPT) [group 1, 32 patients] or to gPT alone (group 2, 34 patients).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-five patients in each group completed the protocol. Group 1 showed a greater improvement in exercise capacity, as assessed by an arm incremental test (IT) [p = 0.003] and an endurance test (ET) [p = 0.021], compared to group 2. Posttraining maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) significantly improved in both groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003 in groups 1 and 2 respectively; not significant). IT isoworkload dyspnea improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.005 and p = 0.009 in groups 1 and 2, respectively; not significant between groups), whereas IT isoworkload peripheral muscle fatigue (p < 0.001), ET isotime dyspnea (p < 0.01), and ET isotime muscular fatigue (p < 0.005) improved significantly in group 1 but not in group 2. IT improvers (chi2 = 0.004) and ET improvers (chi2 = 0.047) were more frequently observed in group 1 than in group 2. Baseline MIP could discriminate for IT (p = 0.013; odds ratio [OR], 1.116) and ET improvers (p = 0.022; OR, 1.067).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Early upper-limb exercise training is feasible in RIICU patients recently weaned from MV and can enhance the effects of gPT. Baseline inspiratory muscle function is related to exercise capacity improvement.
authors.affiliation: Pulmonary Division, Scientific Institute of Gussago, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation IRCSS, Italy.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vitacca
authors.forename: Lucia Sonia
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Gilè
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Clini
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: Ercole
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zanotti
authors.forename: Nicolino
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ambrosino
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D008297:Male; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000628:therapy; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015300:Ventilator Weaning / Q000379:methods*; D014797:Vital Capacity