title: Role of nitric oxide in the impairment of circular muscle contractility of distended, uninflamed mid-colon in TNBS-induced acute distal colitis in rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the motor disorders of the dilated uninflamed mid-colon (DUMC) from trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute distal colitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Colitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a single intracolonic administration of TNBS. Control rats received an enema of 0.9% saline. The rats were killed 48 h after TNBS or saline administration. Macroscopic and histologic lesions of the colon were evaluated. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity were measured on the colonic tissue. In TNBS rats, we evaluated spontaneous and evoked contractile activity in circular muscle strips derived from DUMC in comparison to the same colonic segment of control rats, both in the presence and in the absence of a non-selective NOS isoforms inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). Pharmacological characterization of electric field stimulation (EFS)-evoked contractile responses was also performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In TNBS rats, the distal colon showed severe histological lesions and a high MPO activity, while the DUMC exhibited normal histology and MPO activity. Constitutive NOS activity was similar in TNBS and control rats, whereas inducible NOS activity was significantly increased only in the injured distal colon of TNBS rats. Isometrically recorded mechanical activity of circular muscle strips from DUMC of TNBS rats showed a marked reduction of the force and frequency of spontaneous contractions compared to controls, as well as of the contractile responses to a contracting stimulus. In the presence of L-NNA, the contractile activity and responses displayed a significantly greater enhancement compared to controls. The pharmacological characterization of EFS contractile responses showed that a cooperative-like interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and tachykinergic neurokinin 1 and 2 receptors mediated transmission in DUMC of TNBS rats vs a simple additive interaction in controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study show that, during TNBS-induced acute distal colitis, circular muscle intrinsic contractile mechanisms and possible enteric neural excitatory activity are inhibited in the distended uninflamed mid-colon. Suppression of NO synthesis markedly improves spontaneous and evokes muscle contractions, in spite of any evident change in local NO activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L' Aquila, Italy.
authors.forename: Luciano
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Onori
authors.forename: Annalisa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aggio
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Alo'
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Muzi
authors.forename: Maria Grazia
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Cifone
authors.forename: Gabriella
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mellillo
authors.forename: Rachele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ciccocioppo
authors.forename: Gennaro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taddei
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Frieri
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latella
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003092:Colitis / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007249:Inflammation; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D019335:Nitroarginine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D014302:Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase