title: Regulated expression of putative membrane progestin receptor homologues in human endometrium and gestational tissues.
abstract: Rapid non-genomic actions of progesterone are implicated in many aspects of female reproduction. Recently, three human homologues of the fish membrane progestin receptor (mPR) have been identified. We combined bioinformatic analysis with expression profiling to define further the role of these mPRs in human reproductive tissues. Sequence analysis confirmed that the mPRs belong to a larger, highly conserved family of proteins, termed 'progestin and adiponectin receptors' (PAQRs). A comparison of the expression of mPR transcripts with that of two related PAQR family members, PAQRIII and PAQRIX, in cycling endometrium and pregnancy tissues revealed markedly divergent expression levels and profiles. For instance, endometrial expression of mPRalpha and gamma and PAQRIX was cycle-dependent whereas the onset of parturition was associated with a marked reduction in myometrial mPRalpha and beta transcripts. Interestingly, mPRalpha and PAQRIX were most highly expressed in the placenta, and the tissue expression levels of both genes correlated inversely with that of the nuclear PR. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that PAQRIX belongs to the mPR subgroup of proteins. We also validated a polyclonal antibody raised against the carboxy-terminus of human mPRalpha. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated more intense immunoreactivity in placental syncytiotrophoblasts than in endometrial glands or stroma. The data suggest important functional roles for mPRalpha, and possibly PAQRIX, in specific reproductive tissues, particularly those that express low levels of nuclear PR.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Wolfson & Weston Research Centre for Family Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Pierron
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Michalovich
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Astle
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thornton
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peltoketo
authors.forename: E W-F
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gellersen
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Huhtaniemi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Brosens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001483:Base Sequence; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D019295:Computational Biology; D017931:DNA Primers; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005321:Extraembryonic Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007743:Labor, Obstetric / Q000378:metabolism*; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000378:metabolism; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009215:Myometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010920:Placenta / Q000378:metabolism*; D011247:Pregnancy; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017931:DNA Primers; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone