title: Influence of low-frequency massage device on transdermal absorption of ionic materials.
abstract: The influence of a low-frequency massage device on transdermal absorption of sodium benzoate, ketoprofen and diclofenac sodium was investigated in rats. Electrode pads spread with a hydroxypropyl cellulose gel containing the drug model were placed on excised skin in vitro. The transdermal permeation studies were carried out in the treatment group with the pulse applied through electrode pads spread with the gel, the pretreatment group with the gel applied after the application of the pulse and in the control group in which the gel was applied without the pulse. In vivo, transdermal absorption of ketoprofen was examined in the same groups used for the in vitro study. The pharmacokinetics of ketoprofen in plasma after intravenous injection was also studied. The treatment group showed higher cumulative permeated amounts of the drug models than the control in vitro. However, the enhancing effect was not observed in the pretreatment group. In vivo, the plasma ketoprofen level increased temporarily after the pulse was applied and then increased gradually as compared with the control. Since the distribution of ketoprofen from the central to the peripheral compartment was enhanced by the pulse in the injection study, enhancement of the biodistribution of ketoprofen by the low-frequency pulse was suggested.
authors.affiliation: Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan. taka-y@hoshi.ac.jp
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sakurai
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Machida
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007660:Ketoprofen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008405:Massage / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000442:Octanols; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012869:Skin Absorption; D020160:Sodium Benzoate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D000442:Octanols; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations; D004008:Diclofenac; D002482:Cellulose; D007660:Ketoprofen; C008079:hydroxypropylcellulose; D020160:Sodium Benzoate