title: Transition of Homer isoforms during skeletal muscle regeneration.
abstract: Homer represents a new and diversified family of proteins that includes several isoforms, Homer 1, 2, and 3; some of these isoforms have been reported to be present in striated muscles. In this study, the presence of Homer isoforms 1a, 1b/c/d, 2b, and 3 was thoroughly investigated in rat skeletal muscles under resting conditions. Transition in Homer isoforms compositon was studied under experimental conditions of short-term and long-term adaptation, e.g., fatigue and regeneration, respectively. First, we show that Homer 1a was constitutively expressed and was transiently upregulated during regeneration. In C(2)C(12) cell cultures, Homer 1a was also upregulated during formation of myotubes. No change of Homer 1a was observed in fatigue. Second, Homer 1b/c/d and Homer 2b were positively and linearly related to muscle mass change during regeneration, and third, Homer 3 was not detectable under resting conditions but was transiently expressed during regeneration although with a temporal pattern distinct from that of Homer 1a. Thus a switch in Homer isoforms is associated to muscle differentiation and regeneration. Homers may play a role not only in signal transduction of skeletal muscle, in particular regulation of Ca(2+) release from sarcoplasmic reticulum, but also in adaptation.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali, Università degli Studi di Padova, viale G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bortoloso
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pilati
authors.forename: Aram
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Megighian
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Tibaldo
authors.forename: Dorianna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sandonà
authors.forename: Pompeo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Volpe
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D008297:Male; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism; D018657:Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012038:Regeneration / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000072233:Homer Scaffolding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains