title: An emotional Stroop functional MRI study of euthymic bipolar disorder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify the brain regions associated with emotional processing in euthymic bipolar patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study examined 12 euthymic bipolar patients using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing an emotional Stroop (eStroop) task. The task comprised emotionally valent and neutral words presented in alternating blocks that was designed to implicitly induce affect. In conjunction with fMRI, galvanic skin responses (GSR) were measured to monitor arousal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Euthymic bipolar patients had diminished activation in response to the affective stimuli in both cortical and subcortical brain regions when compared with healthy subjects. In particular, patients had less activation in the left ventral prefrontal cortex suggesting a potential trait deficit. Patients were slower to react than healthy controls, but did not differ with respect to accuracy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Euthymic bipolar patients are perhaps constrained in their ability to engage affective processing. Diminished ventral prefrontal cortex activation corroborates previous reports of a potential trait deficit, suggesting that 'all is not well in euthymia', although the effects of medication cannot be overlooked.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. g.malhi@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Gin S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Malhi
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lagopoulos
authors.forename: Perminder S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Sachdev
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ivanovski
authors.forename: Ron
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Shnier
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001931:Brain Mapping; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis