title: Cardiovascular response to dopamine and early prediction of outcome in septic shock: a prospective multiple-center study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare mortality rates between dopamine-sensitive (Dopa-S) and dopamine-resistant (Dopa-R) septic shock patients, the latter group defined by a mean arterial pressure <70 mm Hg despite the use of 20 mug/kg/min dopamine.
  
  
  METHODS
  A human, prospective observational, multiple-center, clinical trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten intensive care units from ten hospitals.
  
  
  METHODS
  110 patients with septic shocks.
  
  
  METHODS
  Following volume resuscitation, patients were treated by a rapid increase in dopamine infusion from 10 to 20 mug/kg/min. If mean arterial pressure remained <70 mm Hg, dopamine treatment was promptly switched to norepinephrine or epinephrine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dopamine sensitivity, arterial gas, lactate, and organ system failure scores were measured at admission and after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hrs. The overall 28-day mortality rate was 54% for the entire population under study. In multivariate analysis, independent predictors of death were dopamine resistance (odds ratio, 9.5; 95% confidence interval, 3-25), arterial lactate >3.5 mmol/L (odds ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-2.55), and Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment score >10 (odds ratio, 1.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.12). Of the 110 patients studied, 66 were observed to be resistant to dopamine (60%). In the Dopa-S group, the 28-day mortality rate was 16% (seven of 44 patients) compared with 78% (52 of 66 patients) in the Dopa-R group (p = .0006). The capacity of dopamine resistance to predict death was associated with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 74%. At 24 hrs, the association of dopamine resistance to a lactate level >3.5 mmol/L improved the prognostic value (sensitivity, 90%, specificity, 92%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dopamine sensitivity is associated with decreased mortality rate. Early recognition of dopamine resistant septic shock could allow for better screening of patients with an ominous prognosis.
authors.affiliation: Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Central, Nancy Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Benjamin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dusang
authors.forename: Djillali
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Annane
authors.forename: Sebastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gibot
authors.forename: Pierre-Edouard
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Bollaert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D004298:Dopamine