title: Endoureterotomy by intraluminal invagination for nonmalignant ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures: description of a new surgical technique and long-term followup.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a new surgical endoscopic technique for nonmalignant ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures. This procedure involving endoureterotomy by intraluminal invagination (the Lovaco technique) is performed by adopting a combined percutaneous antegrade and endoscopic retrograde approach. The results obtained by this technique are reviewed with long-term followup.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 25 ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures were subjected to endoureterotomy by intraluminal invagination, including 12 left, 7 right and 3 bilateral cases. Surgical success was defined by radiological improvement and/or the ability to recover normal activity in the absence of flank pain, infection, or the need for ureteral stents or nephrostomy tubes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a median followup of 51 months (range 2 to 145) the success rate for endoureterotomy by intraluminal invagination was 80% (20 of 25 ureterointestinal anastomotic strictures). No complications were recorded in the patients following endoureterotomy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This new endoureterotomy technique for ureterointestinal strictures following urinary diversion can be applied to any type of urinary diversion. It allows direct visualization of the stricture and stricture tissue biopsy. Intraluminal invagination makes it possible to increase the distance between the stricture, and the retroperitoneal vessels and bowels. The technique provides the control required to ensure full-thickness and full-length stricture incision. The success rate is high and it persists after long-term followup.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Ramon y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lovaco
authors.forename: Alvaro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Inmaculada
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fernández
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: González-Peramato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D015653:Cystectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018666:Ureteroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016476:Urinary Reservoirs, Continent / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014567:Urography / Q000379:methods