title: Diagnostic utility of serum and pleural fluid carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and cytokeratin 19 fragments in patients with effusions from primary lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the diagnostic values of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and cytokeratin 19 fragments (CYFRA 21-1) as markers of pleurisy in primary lung cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tertiary university hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-four patients with lung cancer and 16 patients with tuberculous pleurisy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Levels of CEA, NSE, and CYFRA 21-1 were measured by immunoassay in the serum and pleural fluid of patients with lung cancer and of patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Patients with lung cancer were found to have significantly higher serum and pleural fluid levels of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 than patients with tuberculous pleurisy. Using cutoff values of 5 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, and 3.3 ng/mL for serum CEA, NSE, and CYFRA 21-1, respectively, the sensitivities and specificities of these tumor markers were as follows for differentiating malignant effusion from benign: CEA, 68% and 93%; NSE, 34% and 93%; and CYFRA 21-1, 45% and 100%. Using cutoff values of 5 ng/mL, 20 ng/mL, and 45 ng/mL for pleural fluid, the sensitivities and specificities were as follows: CEA, 82% and 94%; NSE, 36% and 94%; and CYFRA 21-1, 61% and 81%. A combination of pleural fluid CEA and NSE increased sensitivity and specificity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In the diagnosis of malignant effusion associated with lung cancer, the determinations of CEA and NSE in pleural fluid could enhance diagnostic yield better than those of all three tumor markers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Ewha Medical Research Institute, 911-1 Mokdong, YangCheon-Ku, Seoul, South Korea.
authors.forename: Jin Hwa
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung Hyun
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000097:blood; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D006801:Humans; D053539:Keratin-19; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase / Q000032:analysis*; D010996:Pleural Effusion; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D002272:Carcinoembryonic Antigen; D053539:Keratin-19; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C102012:antigen CYFRA21.1; D007633:Keratins; D010751:Phosphopyruvate Hydratase