title: An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone over 12 months in patients with chronic primary insomnia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A double-blind placebo-controlled study of eszopiclone found significant, sustained improvement in sleep and daytime function. The 6-month open-label extension phase is described herein.
  
  
  METHODS
  Adults (21-64) with primary insomnia who reported sleep duration <6.5 h/night or sleep latency >30 min/night were included. Patient-reported endpoints included sleep and daytime function. Safety and compliance were assessed at monthly clinic visits. The final double-blind month was used as the baseline for efficacy analyses of the open-label period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who were initially randomized to double-blind placebo and then switched to open-label eszopiclone (n=111) significantly reported the following: (1) decreased sleep latency, wake time after sleep onset, and number of awakenings; (2) increased total sleep time and sleep quality; and (3) improved ratings of daytime ability to function, alertness and sense of physical well-being compared to baseline (P<or=0.0001 all monthly endpoints). There was no evidence of tolerance on any measure in either group. These subjects (n=360) sustained the double-blind treatment gains for all sleep and daytime parameters, with further significant improvement in a number of measures. Eszopiclone was well tolerated in both groups; unpleasant taste was the only undesirable effect reported by >5% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The significant improvements in sleep and daytime function were evident in those switched from double-blind placebo to 6 months of open-label eszopiclone therapy and were sustained during the 6 months of open-label treatment for those receiving prior double-blind eszopiclone. During 12 months of nightly treatment, eszopiclone 3mg was well tolerated; tolerance was not observed.
authors.affiliation: Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Center, 2799 West Grand Blvd, CFP-3, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. troth1@hfhs.org
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Roth
authors.forename: James K
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Walsh
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krystal
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wessel
authors.forename: Timothy A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Roehrs
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053961:Azabicyclo Compounds; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010879:Piperazines; C515050:zopiclone