title: Flavor characterization of top-blade, top-sirloin, and tenderloin steaks as affected by pH, maturity, and marbling.
abstract: Little information is available in the literature on the interrelationships and interactions among pH, aging time, marbling, and maturity on the flavor profile of some beef muscles commonly used for steaks. To investigate these effects on beef flavor, the infraspinatus (top-blade steak) from the chuck clod, the gluteus medius (top-sirloin steak) from the sirloin, and the psoas major (tenderloin steak) from the loin were obtained from A- (n = 80) and B-maturity (n = 60) carcasses with either Slight (n = 68) or Small (n = 72) marbling, and with either normal (< or = 5.7; n = 80) or high (> or = 6.0; n = 60) pH. Muscles were selected from two commercial processing plants at six different sampling times to evaluate factors that affect the flavor profile of cooked beef steaks. Muscles were vacuum-aged for 7, 14, 21, or 35 d, and a highly trained, flavor-profile sensory panel evaluated charbroiled steaks from these muscles. Numerous statistical interactions (P < 0.05) were detected for flavor attributes of the different muscles. In general, muscles from high pH (dark cutting) carcasses had less typical beef flavor identity and less brown-roasted flavor than those from carcasses with normal pH. Aging longer than 21 d generally decreased beef flavor identity. Top-blade steaks generally had less intense beef flavor identity and more intense bloody/serumy flavor than did top-sirloin and tenderloin steaks. Tenderloin and top-sirloin steaks of normal pH generally had the most brown-roasted flavor, especially when aged 21 d or less. Small degree of marbling generally resulted in a more rancid flavor compared with Slight marbling, but marbling had no other appreciable effects on the flavor profile. Aging steaks for 35 d increased (P < 0.05) the metallic flavor compared with aging for only 7 or 14 d. Top-sirloin steaks had a more intense (P < 0.05) sour flavor than did top-blade steaks, and steaks from carcasses with a high pH were more rancid (P < 0.05) than steaks from carcasses with normal pH. Vacuum-aging top-blade, top-sirloin, and tenderloin steaks to 21 or 35 d postmortem generally increased metallic and rancid flavors and increased sour flavor in top-sirloin steaks that were high in pH.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhatta, 66506, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Yancey
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Dikeman
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Hachmeister
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chambers
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Milliken
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005511:Food Handling; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008460:Meat / Q000592:standards*; D013649:Taste; D013997:Time Factors