title: Comparison of the urethral properties of the female guinea pig and rat.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The main focus of this study was to profile and compare urethral function in the female guinea pig and rat, and to characterize urodynamically distinctive patterns in the micturition cycle of the two species. This exercise aimed to investigate potential species-related differences and determine a suitable animal model for the human urethra.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (400-500 g) and Sprague-Dawley rats (200-300 g) were used throughout the study. For in vitro experiments urethral rings were suspended vertically for isometric tension recording in 5 ml organ baths and drugs (phenylephrine 10(-4) M and carbachol 10(-4) M) were applied directly to the bathing solution. In vivo urethral pull-through and urodynamic studies were performed under urethane anesthesia, and phenylephrine (200 microg/kg) was administered during urethral pull-through experiments via the intravenous (i.v.) route. Urethral, bladder and arterial pressures, and external urethral sphincter electromyographic (EMG) spike activity were recorded simultaneously throughout.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Organ bath studies coupled with in vivo pull-through experiments produced urethral profiles with distinct regional variations for both species. Urodynamic studies with the urethral probe fixed in the high pressure zones of the proximal urethra produced similar recordings in both species during bladder filling and marked differences during micturition. The guinea pig showed complete sphincteric inhibition immediately prior and during micturition as also seen in the human, whereas the rat exhibited high frequency bursts in EMG activity at this stage in the cycle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The EMG activity seen in the rat during micturition is presumably necessary for efficient voiding, thus the guinea pig is a more suitable comparative model for the human in relation to urethral properties during micturition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Mansfield Road, Oxford, United Kingdom. rich.walters@scientist.com
authors.forename: Richard David
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McMurray
authors.forename: Alison Frances
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Brading
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013045:Species Specificity; D014521:Urethra / Q000502:physiology*; D014554:Urination / Q000502:physiology; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D010656:Phenylephrine; D002217:Carbachol