title: Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease in infancy and childhood: progression and outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The natural history of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has not been well described in children and infants.
  
  
  METHODS
  The present study analyzed the characteristics of 46 ADPKD children diagnosed before 18 months of life (VEO) and 153 children diagnosed between 18 months of age and 18 years of age (non-VEO).
  
  
  RESULTS
  VEO children had more cysts and larger renal volumes than non-VEO children when adjusted for age. In both VEO and non-VEO children, the presence of signs or symptoms at the time of diagnosis as well as the presence of hematuria or proteinuria at the study visit were associated with larger renal volumes. Children diagnosed early (VEO) or diagnosed due to signs or symptoms were also more likely to have high blood pressure. Two VEO children and no non-VEO children reached end-stage renal disease during follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to many published case reports suggesting the occurrence of early end-stage renal disease in VEO children, the results of the present study were much more optimistic. Over 90% of the VEO children maintained preserved renal function well into childhood.
authors.affiliation: Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, 80262, USA.
authors.forename: Alireza Abdollah
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Shamshirsaz
authors.forename: Abdollah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shamshirsaz
authors.forename: Mir
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Reza Bekheirnia
authors.forename: Reza M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Bekheirnia
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamgar
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McFann
authors.forename: Melissa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cadnapaphornchai
authors.forename: Niloofar
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nobakhthaghighi
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Haghighi
authors.forename: Robert W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Schrier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D017668:Age of Onset; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006417:Hematuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000503:physiopathology; D007223:Infant; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000652:urine; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000503:physiopathology; D014556:Urine