title: Caspase-mediated specific cleavage of BubR1 is a determinant of mitotic progression.
abstract: The fidelity of chromosomal duplication is monitored by cell cycle checkpoints operational during mitosis. One such cell cycle delay is invoked by microtubule-targeting agents such as nocodazole or paclitaxel (Taxol) and is mediated by mitotic checkpoint proteins that include BubR1. Relatively little is known about the regulation of expression and stability of BubR1 (or other checkpoint proteins) and how these factors dictate the durability of the cell cycle delay. We report here that treatment of HeLa cells with spindle-disrupting agents resulted in caspase activation and precipitated the cleavage of BubR1. This mechanism ultimately leads to reduced levels of full-length protein, which are accompanied by abrogation of the mitotic block; the checkpoint abrogation is substantially accelerated by inhibition of de novo protein synthesis. In contrast, inhibition of caspase activity blocked BubR1 degradation and prolonged mitosis. To confirm a direct link between caspase activity and BubR1 protein expression, we identified by site-directed mutagenesis the specific caspase cleavage sites cleaved after exposure to paclitaxel. Surprisingly, BubR1 has two sites of cleavage: primarily at Asp607/Asp610 and secondarily at Asp576/Asp579. BubR1 mutated at both locations (BubR1Delta579Delta610) was resistant to paclitaxel-induced degradation. Expression of BubR1Delta579Delta610 augmented the mitotic delay induced by spindle disruption in transfected cells as well as in clones engineered to inducibly express the mutant protein upon exposure to doxycycline and ultimately led to increased aneuploidy. Underscoring the importance of these caspase cleavage sites, both tetrapeptide motifs are identified in the amino acid sequences of human, mouse, chicken, and Xenopus BubR1. These results are potentially the first to link the control of the stability of a key mitotic checkpoint protein to caspase activation, a regulatory pathway that may be involved in killing defective cells and that has been evolutionarily conserved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, John Morgan Bldg. 180 H, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Mijin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Katie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Sharon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Parker
authors.forename: Melissa L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Dowling
authors.forename: Wesley
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Baff
authors.forename: Gary D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Kao
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D053148:Caspase 3; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002645:Chickens; D017124:Conserved Sequence; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008870:Microtubules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D015739:Nocodazole / Q000494:pharmacology; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: C584278:Bub1b protein, mouse; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; C584277:BUB1 protein, human; C090464:Bub1 spindle checkpoint protein; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505409:Casp3 protein, mouse; D053148:Caspase 3; D020169:Caspases; D004318:Doxycycline; D017239:Paclitaxel; D015739:Nocodazole