title: Differential involvement of PU.1 and Id2 downstream of TGF-beta1 during Langerhans-cell commitment.
abstract: Langerhans cells (LCs) are highly abundant dendritic cells (DCs) in epidermal and mucosal tissues. The transcription factors PU.1 and Id2 have been implicated as positive regulators of LC development from hematopoietic progenitor cells. LC differentiation from progenitors is absolutely dependent on transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) in vitro as well as in vivo; however, downstream mechanisms are poorly defined. We found that both PU.1 and Id2 are induced by TGF-beta1 in human CD34+ monocyte/LC (M/LC) progenitor cells, and that neither ectopic PU.1 or Id2 alone, nor both together, could replace TGF-beta1 in its instructive function on LC commitment. However, both factors critically contributed to LC differentiation by acting at 2 distinct intersection points. Ectopic PU.1 strongly enhanced TGF-beta1-dependent LC development. Additionally, Notch-induced generation of interstitial-type DCs was associated with PU.1 up-regulation. Thus, PU.1 is generally increased during myeloid DC development. Ectopic Id2 inhibits the acquisition of early monocytic characteristics by cells generated in the absence of TGF-beta1 and also inhibits monocyte induction by alternative stimuli. Since TGF-beta1 represses a default monocyte pathway of common progenitor cells, PU.1 and Id2 seem to modulate lineage options of M/LC precursors, downstream of TGF-beta1.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Lazarettgasse 19; A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Leonhard X
authors.initials: LX
authors.lastname: Heinz
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Platzer
authors.forename: Peter M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Reisner
authors.forename: Almut
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jörgl
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Taschner
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Göbel
authors.forename: Herbert
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Strobl
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D018952:Antigens, CD34 / Q000276:immunology; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D017931:DNA Primers; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000502:physiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2 / Q000502:physiology*; D007801:Langerhans Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000502:physiology*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018952:Antigens, CD34; D017931:DNA Primers; C497450:ID2 protein, human; D051797:Inhibitor of Differentiation Protein 2; C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1