title: First-trimester screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancy: does the addition of biochemistry make an improvement?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of the addition of first-trimester biochemistry to fetal nuchal translucency (NT) measurement in the Combined Test when screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A were determined at 8 to 12 weeks and fetal NT was measured at 11 to 14 weeks. The individual risks were estimated for each of the fetuses using both NT screening alone and the Combined Test. An invasive diagnostic procedure was offered when the risk was 1:250 or over in either one of the fetuses. In the first period, only the results of NT screening were clinically applied. After previous analysis, the Combined Test was introduced into clinical practice.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the two-and-a-half-year study period, a complete follow-up was obtained in 100 twin pregnancies. Three fetuses (two pregnancies) with trisomy 21 were detected by both methods. The false-positive rate achieved by NT screening (14.3% of pregnancies and 8.6% of fetuses) was substantially reduced when first-trimester biochemistry was added in the Combined Test (5.1% of pregnancies and 3.6% of fetuses).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Combined Test appears to maintain the detection rate achieved by NT screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies, but false-positive rates and invasive diagnostic procedures are reduced.
authors.affiliation: Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Institute of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona Medical School, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 23446agm@comb.es
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goncé
authors.forename: Antoni
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borrell
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fortuny
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Casals
authors.forename: M Angels
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: Imma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mercadé
authors.forename: Vicenç
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Cararach
authors.forename: Joan Antoni
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vanrell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000649:Amniocentesis; D000782:Aneuploidy; D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human / Q000032:analysis; D015193:Chorionic Villi Sampling; D004200:Diseases in Twins / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000196:embryology; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D048208:Nuchal Translucency Measurement; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / Q000032:analysis; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D018997:Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human; D011266:Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A