title: Blueberry flavonoids inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activity in DU145 human prostate cancer cells.
abstract: Regulation of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the major mediators of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, is crucial to regulate ECM proteolysis, which is important in metastasis. This study examined the effects of 3 flavonoid-enriched fractions (a crude fraction, an anthocyanin-enriched fraction, and a proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction), which were prepared from lowbush blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium), on MMP activity in DU145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Using gelatin gel electrophoresis, MMP activity was evaluated from cells after 24-hr exposure to blueberry fractions. All fractions elicited an ability to decrease the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Of the fractions tested, the proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction was found to be the most effective at inhibiting MMP activity in these cells. No induction of either necrotic or apoptotic cell death was noted in these cells in response to treatment with the blueberry fractions. These findings indicate that flavonoids from blueberry possess the ability to effectively decrease MMP activity, which may decrease overall ECM degradation. This ability may be important in controlling tumor metastasis formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 UniversityAve., Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Matchett
authors.forename: Shawna L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: MacKinnon
authors.forename: Marva I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Katherine T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Gottschall-Pass
authors.forename: Robert A R
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hurta
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D029798:Blueberry Plants / Q000737:chemistry*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase