title: Effects of glucose-insulin-potassium infusion on ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy.
abstract: The role of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion in the management of acute myocardial infarction is not well established. This prospective, randomized study comprised 120 patients who had ST-elevation myocardial infarction that was treated within 12 hours from symptom onset with a high dose of GIK (25% glucose, 50 IU of soluble insulin per liter, and 80 mmol of potassium chloride per liter at 1 ml/kg/hour over 24 hours) as adjunct to thrombolytic therapy (1.5 MU of streptokinase/30 to 60 minutes; GIK group) or thrombolytic therapy alone (control group). The primary end point of the study was the rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 1 month, defined as a composite of cardiac death, reinfarction, serious arrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation and/or tachycardia), and severe heart failure. The secondary end points were the rate of MACEs at 1 year and improvement in left ventricular systolic function. The incidence of MACEs at 1 month was significantly lower in the GIK group (10% vs 32.5%, relative risk 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.63, p = 0.0043). Patients in the GIK group had significant decreases in ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation (1.3% vs 15.0%, p = 0.003) and severe heart failure (3% vs 12.5%, p = 0.031). The rate of MACEs at 1 year was also significantly lower in the GIK group (13% vs 40.0%, relative risk 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.09 to 0.55, p = 0.0012). After 1 year, there was a significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction in the GIK group (from 48 +/- 8% to 51 +/- 10%, p <0.01), which was not observed in the control group. In conclusion, high-dose GIK, used as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy, was safe and improved clinical outcome at 1 month. The beneficial effect of GIK infusion was maintained up to 1 year.
authors.affiliation: Medical Faculty, University Institute of Cardiovascular Disease Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro.
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krljanac
authors.forename: Zorana
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Vasiljević
authors.forename: Mina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radovanović
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stanković
authors.forename: Natasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Milić
authors.forename: Branislav
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stefanović
authors.forename: Jasminka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kostić
authors.forename: Predrag
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mitrović
authors.forename: Nebojsa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Radovanović
authors.forename: Mirjana
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dragović
authors.forename: Jelena
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinković
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karadzić
mesh_terms: D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005947:Glucose / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011188:Potassium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013300:Streptokinase / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography
chemical_list: D005343:Fibrinolytic Agents; D007328:Insulin; C030396:glucose-insulin-potassium cardioplegic solution; D013300:Streptokinase; D005947:Glucose; D011188:Potassium