title: Patients with extreme obesity: change in mental symptoms three years after gastric banding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Extreme obesity causes grave psychosocial and psychopathological problems in addition to somatic morbidity. One possible treatment is gastric banding, a surgical reduction of stomach volume. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gastric banding leads to lasting change in: 1) the Body Mass Index (BMI); 2) social factors such as work and partnerships, eating behavior, anxiety and depression symptoms; and 3) health related quality of life.
  
  
  METHODS
  We surveyed a sample of 50 adipose women (BMI > 40 kg/m2). Primary outcome measures were self-reported changes on the scales of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D), and the Health Survey (SF-36).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In comparison with the control group, we observed significant changes in BMI (p < 0.01) and the existence of a partnership (p < 0.01), on all three scales of the TFEQ (p < 0.01), on both scales of the HADS-D (anxiety: p < 0.05; depression:p < 0.01), and on all scales of the SF-36 Health Survey (p between < 0.05 and < 0.01 in every case). The most marked changes in all the qualities investigated occurred within the first 12 months of surgery.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Three years after gastric banding, positive changes in BMI reduction, partnership, eating behavior, anxiety, depressive symptomatology, and health related quality of life could be observed. There was also a significant correlation between BMI reduction and reduction firstly on the depression scale (HADS-D) and secondly on the SF-36 scales for physical functioning (PHFU), role physical (ROPH), mental health (PSYC), and vitality (VITA).
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine, Germany.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nickel
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Widermann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harms
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Leiberich
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tritt
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kettler
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lahmann
authors.forename: W K
authors.initials: WK
authors.lastname: Rother
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Loew
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Nickel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009765:Obesity / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires