Beyond apoptosis: nonapoptotic cell death in physiology and disease.
Apoptosis is a morphologically defined form of programmed cell death (PCD) that is mediated by the activation of members of the caspase family. Analysis of death-receptor signaling in lymphocytes has revealed that caspase-dependent signaling pathways are also linked to cell death by nonapoptotic mechanisms, indicating that apoptosis is not the only form of PCD. Under physiological and pathological conditions, cells demonstrate a high degree of flexibility in cell-death responses, as is reflected in the existence of a variety of mechanisms, including necrosis-like PCD, autophagy (or type II PCD), and accidental necrosis. In this review, we discuss recent data suggesting that canonical apoptotic pathways, including death-receptor signaling, control caspase-dependent and -independent cell-death pathways.
Hetz
Claudio A
CA
Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Torres
Vicente
V
Quest
Andrew F G
AF
D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology
D002518:Ceramides; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D019014:fas Receptor; D020169:Caspases