title: Public health nursing practice change and recommendations for improvement.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper reports the characteristics of recent public health nursing (PHN) practice change experienced by staff-level public health nurses. Recommendations for improving PHN practice offered by study participants are reported and discussed.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional written survey was used to collect data from 424 public health nurses in 76 local health departments (LHDs) in Wisconsin (68% response rate) in 2003. Characteristics of practice change were identified using a 15-item-scaled response set. Recommendations on improving practice were made through responses to an open-ended survey question. Content analysis was conducted to identify major themes among the responses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  PHN practice has become more population focused. Major themes emerging from the recommendations for practice improvement included increasing system and organizational resources, expanding visibility of public health, and strengthening collaboration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implications for practice include the need for continuing education in concepts and skills required for population-focused PHN practice, advocacy for more public health resources, and collaboration with academic partners for education and research.
authors.affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Nursing, H6/246 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-2455, USA. sjzahner@wisc.edu
authors.forename: Susan J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Zahner
authors.forename: Quynh-Nga B
authors.initials: QN
authors.lastname: Gredig
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011637:Public Health Nursing / Q000458:organization & administration / Q000592:standards*; D011786:Quality Control; D017749:Total Quality Management / Q000379:methods*; D014922:Wisconsin