title: Safety assessment of paper and board food packaging: chemical analysis and genotoxicity of possible contaminants in packaging.
abstract: In order to identify potential genotoxicant(s) in recycled paperboard, samples were fractionated using multiple liquid/liquid extraction, and gel permeation chromatography, and analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The rec-assay was used as an indicator of genotoxicity. Genotoxicants in the recycled paperboard were identified as dehydroabietic acid (DHA) and abietic acid (AA). DHA and AA were detected in two out of five virgin products, and in all seven recycled products for food-contact use. Total amounts of DHA and AA were 240 and 990 microg/g in the virgin products and 200-990 microg/g in the recycled products. A good correlation was observed in the total amount of DHA and AA content determined in paper products and DNA-damaging activity. Moreover, genotoxic effects in paper products showed a good match with standard compounds, indicating that the genotoxic effects of these paper products was mostly attributable to DHA and AA.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan. a.ozaki@iphes.city.osaka.jp
authors.forename: Asako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ozaki
authors.forename: Yukihiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Tadao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroda
authors.forename: Ginji
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D045784:Abietanes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D002850:Chromatography, Gel / Q000379:methods; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D005506:Food Contamination; D018857:Food Packaging; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016296:Mutagenesis / Q000235:genetics*; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D010209:Paper; D010616:Phenanthrenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D045784:Abietanes; D009153:Mutagens; D010616:Phenanthrenes; C013913:dehydroabietic acid; C023710:abietic acid