title: Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans.
abstract: Vitamin A deficiency is a major global public health problem. Among the variety of techniques that are available for assessing human vitamin A status, evaluating the provitamin A nutritional values of foodstuffs and estimating human vitamin A requirements, isotope dilution provides the most accurate estimates. Although the relative expense of isotope dilution restricts its applications, it has an important function as the standard of reference for other techniques. Mathematical modelling plays an indispensable role in the interpretation of isotope dilution data. This review summarises recent applications of stable isotope methodology to determine human vitamin A status, estimate human vitamin A requirements, and calculate the bioconversion and bioefficacy of food carotenoids.
authors.affiliation: Craft Technologies, 4344 Frank Price Church Road, Wilson, NC 27893, USA. jfurr@crafttechnologies.com
authors.forename: Harold C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Furr
authors.forename: Michael H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Green
authors.forename: Marjorie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Haskell
authors.forename: Najat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mokhtar
authors.forename: Penelope
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nestel
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Newton
authors.forename: Judy D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Ribaya-Mercado
authors.forename: Guangwen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Sherry
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tanumihardjo
authors.forename: Emorn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wasantwisut
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids