title: Cost aspects of salt fluoridation.
abstract: The cost of salt fluoridation in a given country depends primarily on the number of salt factories and on the technical level available in the country. Equipment required may cost U.S. dollars 400,000 for large plants producing at least 20,000 tons/year providing salt for populations of several millions. Reliable batch mixers have been built locally for U.S. dollars 3000 to U.S. dollars 10,000, with one such mixer capable of producing 10 batches of one metric ton/day or 2000 to 3000 tons a year for a population of 350,000 to 500,000. Frequently 85-90% of the costs are devoted to infrastructure; in combination with salt iodization, the cost for fluoride equipment is 30-50% less. loIization is promoted by WHO, UNICEF, other international organizations and national aid agencies which can indirectly support salt fluoridation. With respect to running costs, the expense for the fluoride chemical is the major factor in small plants producing for example 6000 tons of salt, i. e U.S. dollars 0.015 to 0.03 per year and capita. The cost for personnel necessary for addition of fluoride and quality control is approximately U.S. dollars 0.008/capita/year in small plants and even less in large ones. With adequate implementation, salt fluoridation affords a cariostatic effectiveness equal to that of water fluoridation. When its cost is compared to that of water fluoridation, there may not be much difference regarding initial cost for equipment except in the case of small salt factories where local production of batch mixers may lower initial expenses substantially. Running costs for salt fluoridation are 10 to 100 times lower because the amount of fluoride chemical needed and its handling are up to 100 times less than with water fluoridation. In practice, the cost of salt fluoridation is often so low that many producers did not raise the price of fluoridated salt; this has been the case in Switzerland since 1955 and also in several countries in the Americas today.
authors.affiliation: Oral Epidemiology, University College, London, England. ggkwt@yahoo.com
authors.forename: George M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Gillespie
authors.forename: Thomas M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Marthaler
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D002201:Capital Expenditures; D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D018153:Czech Republic; D005381:Financing, Organized; D005457:Fluoridation / Q000191:economics; D005459:Fluorides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000191:economics*; D005602:France; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary / Q000191:economics*; D013557:Switzerland
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D017673:Sodium Chloride, Dietary; D005459:Fluorides