title: Trends in food intakes in Swedish adults 1986-1999: findings from the Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine changes in reported food frequency in adults between 1986 and 1999.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four consecutive cross-sectional surveys.
  
  
  METHODS
  Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Northern Sweden MONICA (Monitoring of Trends and Determinants in Cardiovascular Disease) population, four independent cross-sectional surveys in 1986, 1990, 1994 and 1999. Randomly selected age-stratified samples of the population aged 25-64 years. Analysis is based on 2982 males and 3087 females who completed an 84-item food-frequency questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Between 1986 and 1999, average reported consumption of 3%-fat milk decreased from 42 to 7 intakes month(-1) in men and from 28 to 4 intakes month(-1) in women. Reported use of 1.5%-fat milk increased from 6 to 27 intakes month(-1) in men and from 6 to 24 in women. Monthly intakes of potatoes and root vegetables decreased from 38 to 27 in men and from 39 to 32 in women. Consumption of pasta increased from 4 to 7 intakes month(-1) in both sexes. Intakes of solid fats with 80% fat content dropped from 92 to 62 per month in men and from 78 to 52 per month in women, whereas use of 40%-fat spread increased from 12 to 22 intakes month(-1) in men and from 5 to 26 in women. Monthly intakes of vegetable oil increased from 3 to 12 in men and from 3 to 15 in women. The percentage of overweight or obese individuals (body mass index >25 kg m(-2)) increased from 52 to 65% in men and from 41 to 52% in women (P for linear trend in all these changes, <0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate reduced consumption of foods with a high content of saturated fats. In spite of that, there is an unbroken trend towards increased obesity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kalix Hospital, Skolgatan 1, S-952 82 Kalix, Sweden. benno.krachler@medicin.umu.se
authors.forename: Benno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Krachler
authors.forename: Mats C E
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Eliasson
authors.forename: Ingegerd
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Bernt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindahl
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003611:Dairy Products; D004032:Diet / Q000639:trends*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated