title: Ketamine-induced changes in metabolic and endocrine parameters of normal and 2-kidney 1-clip rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ketamine on the endocrine and lipid metabolic status of the renal-banded animals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty male rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group A served as control, Group B animals received ketamine intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 mg kg(-1), Group C was submitted to 2-kidney 1-clip experimental hypertension and Group D received ketamine as above, as well as being submitted to renal artery clipping. Atrial natriuretic peptide, angiotensin II and free fatty acid concentrations were measured in serum. In addition, adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity and angiotensin II content were determined, while the left ventricular weight relative to body weight was used as a cardiac hypertrophy index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In renal-banded rats (Groups C and D) serum atrial natriuretic peptide, free fatty acid and angiotensin II concentrations as well as ventricular weight were increased, while adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was lower than in control animals (Groups A and B). Ketamine administration did not influence angiotensin II concentrations either in normal (Group B) or banded rats (Group D). Ketamine increased serum atrial natriuretic peptide and free fatty acid concentrations only in normal animals (Group B). It had no influence on adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity either in normal (Group B) or banded animals (Group D). Adipose angiotensin II content did not differ between the four groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ketamine increased the atrial natriuretic peptide and free fatty acid concentration in normal rats. In 2-kidney 1-clip animals, ketamine did not elicit an additional response of serum atrial natriuretic peptide or free fatty acids levels. Its contribution to these factors was not significant.
authors.affiliation: University of Athens, Medical School, Department of Pharmacology, Athens, Greece. saranteas@ath.forthnet.gr
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saranteas
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zotos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chantzi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mourouzis
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rallis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anagnostopoulou
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tesseromatis
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D006978:Hypertension, Renovascular / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply*; D050356:Lipid Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000601:surgery; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000778:Anesthetics, Dissociative; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D000804:Angiotensin II; D007649:Ketamine; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase