Genotoxicity and oxidative stress of the mutagenic compounds formed in fumes of heated soybean oil, sunflower oil and lard.
This study was to investigate the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the oil fumes formed from heating three common commercial cooking oils (soybean oil, sunflower oil, and lard) on human lung carcinoma pulmonary type II-like epithelium cell (A-549 cell). The major alkenal mutagenic compounds (trans-trans-2,4-decadienal, t-t-2,4-DDE; trans-trans-2,4-nonadienal, t-t-2,4-NDE; trans-2-decenal, t-2-DCA and trans-2-undecenal, t-2-UDA) contained in three oil fumes and their effects on the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also studied. It was found that the most potent mutagenic compound (t-t-2,4-DDE) of oil fumes was 66.4, 35.9 and 40.3 microg/g in soybean oil, sunflower oil and lard, respectively. The results indicated that the methanolic extracts of oil fumes could apparently lead to cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage. Glutathione (GSH) contents and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as GSH reductase, and GSH S-transferase were adversely reduced by the methanolic extracts of oil fumes. When human A-549 cells were exposed to the methanolic extracts of oil fumes for 30 min, there was an increase in the formation of intracellular ROS, which was determined by dichlorofluorescein assay. Moreover, the methanolic extracts of oil fumes caused significant (p<0.05) oxidative damage through the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine formation in A-549 cells at the concentrations from 50 to 200 microg/ml. These results demonstrated that the DNA damage in A-549 cells, induced by cooking oil fumes, was related to the ROS formation. It is inferred that women exposed to emitted fumes from cooking oil were at higher risk of contracting lung cancer.
Dung
Cheng-Huang
CH
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuokuang Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
Wu
She-Ching
SC
Yen
Gow-Chin
GC
D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D020552:Comet Assay; D003296:Cooking; D004249:DNA Damage; D003849:Deoxyguanosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012906:Smoke / Q000032:analysis; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D000074242:Sunflower Oil
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004041:Dietary Fats; D009153:Mutagens; D010938:Plant Oils; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012906:Smoke; D000074242:Sunflower Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil; D000080242:8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; D003849:Deoxyguanosine; C029310:lard