title: The Schwarzschild effect of the dosimetry film Kodak EDR 2.
abstract: The magnitude of the Schwarzschild effect or failure of the reciprocity law has been experimentally investigated for the dosimetry film EDR 2 from Kodak. When the dose rate applied to achieve a given dose was reduced by a factor of 12, the net optical density was reduced by up to 5%. The clinical importance of this effect is negligible as long as the films are calibrated at a value of the dose rate approximately representative of the dose rates occurring in the target volume, but in target regions of strongly reduced dose rate the Schwarzschild effect should be allowed for by a correction of the net optical density.
authors.affiliation: Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Medical Radiation Physics Working Group and University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Djouguela
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kollhoff
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rubach
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harder
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Poppe
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D003720:Densitometry; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005373:Film Dosimetry / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007477:Ions; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D017785:Photons; D011874:Radiometry / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D011880:Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal / Q000379:methods; D011882:Radiotherapy, High-Energy; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007477:Ions