title: Partial laser arytenoidectomy in the management of bilateral vocal fold immobility. A modification based on functional anatomical study of the cricoarytenoid joint.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the anatomical relationships of the arytenoid and cricoid cartilages and apply these findings to design an arytenoidectomy based on a sound anatomical basis.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively conducted this study between 1996 and 2002 at the Main University Hospital of Alexandria, Egypt. In 50 patients, we endoscopically measured the length of the vocal process and the distance between the vocal process tip and upper border of the cricoid cartilage. We sagittally and axially sectioned 25 total laryngectomy specimens to verify the position of the arytenoids and their relation to the cricoid. The anatomical findings led to the design of a laser partial arytenoidectomy and cordotomy (L-PAC), which we used in 45 patients with bilateral cord paralysis in adduction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The anatomical findings showed that the cricoarytenoid joint did not contribute to the airway in any of the measured specimens. Using L-PAC, we decannulated 100% of the patients and no patient needed postoperative tracheostomy at any time. Only 3 patients experienced minimal postoperative aspiration to liquids (6.7%). We achieved reasonable phonation as assessed by a speech analysis battery. However, 3 patients (6.7%) needed contralateral L-PAC.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The present extra-articular technique, L-PAC, showed its superiority to previous endoscopic or transcervical complete arytenoidectomy techniques in providing an effective balance between the protective, respiratory, and to a lesser extent the phonatory functions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alexandria, Al-Ibrahemia, Egypt.
authors.forename: Hesham A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Fattah
authors.forename: Ashraf H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hamza
authors.forename: Alaa H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Gaafar
authors.forename: Ahmed A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tantawy
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001193:Arytenoid Cartilage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007828:Laryngoscopy / Q000379:methods; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012044:Regression Analysis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery