title: The occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum, Campylobacter and Salmonella in newborn dairy calves in the Manawatu region of New Zealand.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Campylobacter spp and Salmonella spp in faecal samples taken from newborn dairy calves on 24 dairy farms in the Manawatu region of New Zealand.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study was conducted during the 2002 calving season. Faecal samples were collected from 185 newborn calves from a convenience sample of 24 dairy farms. The samples were tested microscopically for the presence of C. parvum oocysts, and bacteriologically for the presence of Campylobacter spp and Salmonella spp.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Infections with C. parvum were identified in 33/156 (21.2%) calves from 10 farms. More than 10(6) oocysts/g (OPG) faeces were detected in calves from four farms. Campylobacter spp were isolated from 58/161 (36%) calves from 18 farms; in particular, C. jejuni subsp jejuni was isolated from 11/161 (6.8%) calves from seven farms. Salmonellae were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the short and concentrated calving pattern and the long interval between calving seasons characterising most dairy farms in New Zealand, C. parvum is widespread among calves. Campylobacter spp, especially C. jejuni, rapidly colonise the intestinal tract of newborn calves.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provided an estimate of the ecological impact of newborn dairy calves with regard to the potentially zoonotic enteric pathogens most frequently isolated from human gastrointestinal infections in New Zealand.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. A.Grinberg@massey.ac.nz
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grinberg
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Pomroy
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Weston
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ayanegui-Alcerreca
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Knight
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D002167:Campylobacter; D002169:Campylobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003457:Cryptosporidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016785:Cryptosporidium parvum; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology / Q000469:parasitology; D005260:Female; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D009520:New Zealand / Q000453:epidemiology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012475:Salmonella; D012481:Salmonella Infections, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology*