title: PD-1/PD-L pathway and autoimmunity.
abstract: Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) was isolated in 1992 by subtractive-hybridization technique, as a molecule whose expression is enhanced by apoptotic stimuli. Since then we have been analyzing the function of PD-1 in the regulation of immune responses. Generation of PD-1 deficient mice, pathophysiological analyses of autoimmune diseases in PD-1 deficient mice, identification of two ligands, and analyses of downstream events of PD-1 revealed that PD-1 prevents autoimmunity by inhibiting activation of self-reactive lymphocytes. These findings were further applied on human autoimmune diseases and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on human PD-1 gene have been reported to link with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and type I diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Department of Medical Chemistry, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Taku
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okazaki
authors.forename: Jian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000502:physiology*; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D010455:Peptides / Q000502:physiology*; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D060890:B7-H1 Antigen; C423236:CD274 protein, human; C498919:Cd274 protein, mouse; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; C105992:PDCD1 protein, human; C556977:PDCD1LG2 protein, human; C491383:Pdcd1 protein, mouse; C556978:Pdcd1lg2 protein, mouse; D010455:Peptides; D061027:Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein; D061026:Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor