title: Electrochemical molecular analysis without nucleic acid amplification.
abstract: Electrochemical biosensors have revolutionized glucose monitoring but have not yet fulfilled their promise of a low cost, direct detection replacement for genetic amplification tests such as PCR [K. Kerman, M. Kobayashi, E. Tamiya, Recent trends in electrochemical DNA biosensor technology, Meas. Sci. Technol. 15 (2004) R1-R11; A. Chaubey, B.D. Malhotra, Mediated biosensors. Biosens. Bioelectron. 17 (6-7) (2002) 441-456]. It has been anticipated that the integration of nanoscale chemical structures such as self-assembled monolayers with electrochemical biosensors would increase sensitivity by decreasing inherent system noise. We have designed a novel biosensing approach incorporating such integration and achieved rapid, ultra-low concentration sensitivities without target amplification. Raw samples are mixed with lysis buffer to allow hybridization of nucleic acid targets with anchor and signal probes before immobilizing a signaling enzyme proximate to the biosensor surface. A bias potential is subsequently applied and the secondary byproduct of a cyclic peroxidase reaction measured. Further studies have demonstrated the application of our approach in protein, clinical chemistry, and ionic assays.
authors.affiliation: GeneFluidics, Inc., 2540 Corporate Place, B101, Monterey Park, CA 91754, USA. vgau@genefluidics.com
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Gau
authors.forename: Shu-Ching
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Joni
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tsukuda
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kibler
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haake
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004563:Electrochemistry; D007118:Immunoassay; D021141:Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
chemical_list: D004247:DNA