title: Validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire (CLDQ-I) for the assessment of health-related quality of life.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire is a specific health-related quality of life assessment designed for patients with liver diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this paper is to report on the validity, reliability and sensitivity to change of the Italian version (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I) in subjects with HCV infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I was administered to 350 subjects with HCV infection together with the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, abbreviated version, a generic quality of life assessment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The instrument was translated from English, backtranslated and reviewed in focus groups in the framework of a large multicentre study. Exploratory factor analysis identified five factors accounting for 65% of the variance of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I items and only partially overlapping with those found in the original version.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I proved to discriminate between subjects with and without comorbid diseases at baseline (t-test = 3.59, p < 0.001). Test-retest reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.60). The Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I was sensitive to change in patients who deteriorated after one month of treatment. Change in the overall Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire-I score in deteriorated patients was correlated with changes in World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, abbreviated version scores in the physical, psychological and environment, but not in the social area.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Italian version of Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument to be used in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, Pisa 56100, Italy. prucci@ao-pisa.toscana.it
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rucci
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Taliani
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cirrincione
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartolozzi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caporaso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Colombo
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Coppola
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chiaramonte
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Craxi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Sio
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Floreani
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Gaeta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Persico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Secchi
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Versace
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mele
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008107:Liver Diseases; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires