title: A framework for integrating NANDA, NIC, and NOC terminology in electronic patient records.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the methods used in design of a framework that (a) encompasses nursing knowledge, (b) functions as a cognitive map for clinicians, and (c) increases the efficiency of using the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) terminologies together in the electronic patient record.
  
  
  METHODS
  The taxonomies of the NANDA, NIC, and NOC terminologies were integrated to form a preliminary structure of domains and classes. New concepts and collocations of concepts were constructed using Walker and Avant's (1983, 1988) method for concept synthesis. The framework was validated using an expert group and clinical testing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A framework organized as a taxonomy with eight domains (Physiological, Functional, Psychocognitive, Safety, Existential, Lifestyle, Family, and Environment) and 29 classes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The framework has the potential to enhance the quality of nursing documentation, contribute to nursing research and education, and reduce job stress.
authors.affiliation: Oslo University College, Faculty of Nursing, Oslo, Norway. Gunnvon.Krogh@su.hio.no
authors.forename: Gunn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: von Krogh
authors.forename: Cecilie
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dale
authors.forename: Dagfinn
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nåden
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health; D004282:Documentation / Q000592:standards; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D004645:Empathy; D005086:Existentialism; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016294:Models, Nursing; D009664:Norway; D024802:Nurse's Role; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D009736:Nursing Process / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D009737:Nursing Records / Q000592:standards*; D009742:Nursing Theory; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011340:Problem Solving; D011785:Quality Assurance, Health Care; D017751:Safety Management; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D018875:Vocabulary, Controlled