title: Effects of D-4F on vasodilation and vessel wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor-null and LDL receptor/apolipoprotein A-I double-knockout mice on Western diet.
abstract: Previously we showed L-4F, a novel apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic, improved vasodilation in 2 dissimilar models of vascular disease: hypercholesterolemic LDL receptor-null (Ldlr(-/-)) mice and transgenic sickle cell disease mice. Here we determine the mechanisms by which D-4F improves vasodilation and arterial wall thickness in hypercholesterolemic Ldlr(-/-) mice and Ldlr(-/-)/apoA-I null (apoA-I(-/-)), double-knockout mice. Ldlr(-/-) and Ldlr(-/-)/apoA-I(-/-) mice were fed Western diet (WD) with and without D-4F. Oral D-4F restored endothelium- and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-dependent vasodilation in direct relationship to duration of treatments and reduced wall thickness in as little as 2 weeks in vessels with preexisting disease in Ldlr(-/-) mice. D-4F had no effect on total or HDL cholesterol concentrations but reduced proinflammatory HDL levels. D-4F had no effect on plasma myeloperoxidase concentrations but reduced myeloperoxidase association with apoA-I as well as 3-nitrotyrosine in apoA-I. D-4F increased endothelium- and eNOS-dependent vasodilation in Ldlr(-/-)/apoA-I(-/-) mice but did not reduce wall thickness as it had in Ldlr(-/-) mice. Vascular endothelial cells were treated with 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol with and without L-4F. 22(R)-Hydroxycholesterol decreased NO (*NO) and increased superoxide anion (O2*-) production and increased ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 and collagen expression. L-4F restored *NO and O2*- balance, had little effect on ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 expression, but reduced collagen expression. These data demonstrate that although D-4F restores vascular endothelial cell and eNOS function to increase vasodilation, HDL containing apoA-I, or at least some critical concentration of the antiatherogenic lipoprotein, is required for D-4F to decrease vessel wall thickness.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
authors.forename: Jingsong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Jingli
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hao
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Zhijun
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ou
authors.forename: Mary G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Sorci-Thomas
authors.forename: Deron W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Signorino
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Densmore
authors.forename: Sushma
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Keith T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Oldham
authors.forename: Kirkwood A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pritchard
mesh_terms: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004032:Diet; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000502:physiology; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000097:blood; D011973:Receptors, LDL / Q000502:physiology*; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D064286:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; D018528:ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; C465468:D-4F peptide; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D011973:Receptors, LDL; D009195:Peroxidase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse