Homeostatic signature of anabolic steroids in cattle using 1H-13C HMBC NMR metabonomics.
We used metabonomics to discriminate the urinary signature of different anabolic steroid treatments in cattle having different physiological backgrounds (age, sex, and race). (1)H-(13)C heteronuclear multiple bonding connectivity NMR spectroscopy and multivariate statistical methods reveal that metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, dimethylamine, hippurate, creatine, creatinine, and citrate characterize the biological fingerprint of anabolic treatment. These urinary biomarkers suggest an overall homeostatic adaptation in nitrogen and energy metabolism. From results obtained in this study, it is now possible to consider metabonomics as a complementary method usable to improve doping control strategies to detect fraudulent anabolic treatment in cattle since the oriented global metabolic response provides helpful discrimination.
Dumas
Marc-Emmanuel
ME
Biological Chemistry Section, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom. m.dumas@imperial.ac.uk
Canlet
Cécile
C
Vercauteren
Joseph
J
André
François
F
Paris
Alain
A
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D002417:Cattle; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D003401:Creatine / Q000737:chemistry; D003404:Creatinine / Q000737:chemistry; D004123:Dimethylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D004300:Doping in Sports; D005260:Female; D006626:Hippurates / Q000737:chemistry; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008744:Methylamines / Q000737:chemistry; D008954:Models, Biological; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D020543:Proteome; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D011522:Protons; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D012737:Sex Factors; D013256:Steroids / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
D004123:Dimethylamines; D006626:Hippurates; D008744:Methylamines; D020543:Proteome; D011522:Protons; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013256:Steroids; D019343:Citric Acid; D002244:Carbon; C034516:dimethylamine; D003404:Creatinine; C005855:trimethyloxamine; D003401:Creatine; D009584:Nitrogen; C030514:hippuric acid