title: Carvedilol improves myocardial contractility compared with metoprolol in patients with chronic hibernating myocardium after revascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We tested the hypothesis of whether carvedilol delays morphologic degeneration and improves functional outcome compared with metoprolol tartrate in patients with hibernating myocardium undergoing surgical revascularization. We have previously shown that patients with chronic hibernating myocardium undergo progressive cellular degeneration and fibrosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients with multivessel coronary artery disease revascularization and hibernating myocardium as assessed by technetium-99m perfusion scintigraphy and fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were randomized to receive either carvedilol or metoprolol tartrate for at least 2 months before surgery, and this was continued for 7 months postoperatively. Left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormalities were assessed by left ventriculography at baseline and 7 months postoperatively. Intraoperative transmural needle biopsy samples were obtained for microscopic analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Postoperatively, the ejection fraction increased from 31% +/- 5% to 44% +/- 4% (P < .005) in the carvedilol group (n = 10), and from 30% +/- 6% to 40% +/- 6% in the metoprolol tartrate group (P < .05 vs preoperatively and vs carvedilol). Wall motion abnormalities in the carvedilol group improved from -2.1 +/- 0.4 to -0.6 +/- 0.5 (P < .05) and from -2.3 +/- 0.5 to -1.6 +/- 0.6 in the metoprolol tartrate group (P < .05 vs preoperatively and vs carvedilol). Microscopic analysis after 72 +/- 18 days of either treatment showed mild cardiomyocyte degeneration and moderate-to-severe fibrosis (28% +/- 7%) in the carvedilol group compared with moderate cardiomyocyte degeneration and moderate-to-severe fibrosis (33% +/- 6%) in the metoprolol tartrate group. Apoptosis, as assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end labeling method, was observed in only 1 patient in each group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Carvedilol treatment of hibernating myocardium results in improved functional recovery after revascularization compared with metoprolol tartrate, and this might partially be related to reduced cardiomyocyte degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0553, USA. erschwar@utmb.edu
authors.forename: Ernst R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Rajiv
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Tu Phuong
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Diep
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Sawa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kostin
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Grohmann
authors.forename: Barry F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Uretsky
authors.forename: Jutta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schaper
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D002908:Chronic Disease; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008790:Metoprolol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D017682:Myocardial Stunning / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D000077261:Carvedilol; D008790:Metoprolol