title: Reliability and validity of the upper-extremity Motor Activity Log-14 for measuring real-world arm use.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In research on Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) therapy, a structured interview, the Motor Activity Log (MAL), is used to assess how stroke survivors use their more-impaired arm outside the laboratory. This article examines the psychometrics of the 14-item version of this instrument in 2 chronic stroke samples with mild-to-moderate upper-extremity hemiparesis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants (n=41) in the first study completed MALs before and after CI therapy or a placebo control procedure. In addition, caregivers independently completed a MAL on the participants. Participants (n=27) in the second study completed MALs and wore accelerometers that monitored their arm movements for 3 days outside the laboratory before and after an automated form of CI therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Validity of the participant MAL Quality of Movement (QOM) scale was supported. Correlations between pretreatment-to-posttreatment change scores on the participant QOM scale and caregiver MAL QOM scale, caregiver MAL amount of use (AOU) scale, and accelerometer recordings were 0.70, 0.73, and 0.91 (P<0.01), respectively. Internal consistency (alpha>0.81), test-retest reliability (r>0.91), stability, and responsiveness (ratio>3) of the participant QOM scale were also supported. The participant AOU and caregiver QOM and AOU scales were internally consistent, stable, and sensitive, but were not reliable.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The participant MAL QOM scale can be used exclusively to reliably and validly measure real-world, upper-extremity rehabilitation outcome and functional status in chronic stroke patients with mild-to-moderate hemiparesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. guswatte@uab.edu
authors.forename: Gitendra
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Uswatte
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Taub
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morris
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vignolo
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McCulloch
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010291:Paresis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D010919:Placebos; D011594:Psychometrics; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos