title: Work-based learning: a leadership development example from an action research study of shared governance implementation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An empowering action research study was undertaken to evaluate and strengthen the implementation of shared governance. One aim was to identify factors that acted as aids or barriers to effective decision-making by clinical leaders. As a work-based learning approach, action research was expected to lead to integration of learning into practice by researcher and participants alike.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Shared governance replaces traditional hierarchies and requires and develops clinical leaders. Strategies are needed to maximize learning from introduction of such initiatives at the individual, group and organizational level.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participant-observations and interviews were undertaken with shared governance council members from one model in north-west England.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Leadership skills and knowledge and shared governance practices were significantly enhanced. Preparation for council roles was considered inadequate. Increased structured time for reflection and action planning was indicated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Implementation of shared governance has succeeded in developing leadership capacity. Evaluation findings have led to improvements in the overall shared governance model. Action research has been found to have great utility at optimizing work-based learning. Nurse Managers need to develop their coaching and facilitating skills and recognize there is no "quick fix" for developing clinical leaders. Implications include the need to support learners in identifying and implementing changes arising from work-based learning activities, the significant resource implications and the need to optimize the organizational climate if work-based learning approaches to leadership and management development are to succeed.
authors.affiliation: Salford Centre for Nursing, Midwifery and Collaborative Research, University of Salford, Frederick Road, Salford, Manchester M6 9PU, UK. t.williamson@salford.ac.uk
authors.forename: Tracey
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Williamson
mesh_terms: D003659:Decision Making, Organizational; D006302:Health Services Research; D006801:Humans; D007857:Leadership; D007858:Learning; D017146:Models, Organizational; D009718:Nurse Administrators; D015401:Nursing Administration Research; D009741:Nursing Staff, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D017132:Workplace