title: Role of Blink Reflex in diagnosis of subclinical cranial neuropathy in Diabetic Mellitus type II.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) is one of the late complications of Diabetes Mellitus. Cranial nerves III, VII and V are among the most commonly affected in diabetic patients. Traditional Electrodiagnosis (Edx) studies are useful method for diagnosis of PN and symptomatic cranial neuropathy, and may not be useful for detecting subclinical involvement of cranial nerves. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the role of Blink Reflex (BR) for early diagnosis of cranial neuropathy in diabetic patients with PN.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective study was performed on NIDDM patients with a PN. 188 subjects were included in our study in which 142 acted as healthy subjects and 46 as diabetic patients. Patients were excluded with prior history of cranial nerve lesions, stroke, and other disease with polyneuropathy or drug-induced neuropathy. Routine nerve conduction studies were performed and only patients with PN were included in this study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Abnormalities were found in 54.4% of patients. R1, IR2 and CR2 were prolonged relative to healthy group. Statistically there was no significant difference in R/D ratio of patients (P = 0.201). Also there was a positive correlation between R1, IR2 and CR2 latencies with duration of diabetes and severity of polyneuropathy, but not for R/D. The greatest correlation was shown in R1 latency (69.9% abnormality).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  BR is a non-invasive and very useful method for evaluation and diagnosis of subclinical cranial nerve involvement in diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Shohada Hospital, Tabriz, IR of IRAN.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kazem
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Behzad
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D001767:Blinking / Q000502:physiology*; D003389:Cranial Nerve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003929:Diabetic Neuropathies / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009431:Neural Conduction / Q000502:physiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies