title: The costs of caring for erectile dysfunction in a managed care setting: evidence from a large national claims database.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined the direct costs of erectile dysfunction (ED) empirically.
  
  
  METHODS
  A naturalistic cohort study was done in 285,436 patients with ED and 51 health plans that covered 28 million lives nationwide from 1999 through 2001. Based on claims that had an ED related diagnosis code, procedure code or medication code we categorized the cost structure of ED care and calculated the annual costs of ED care per patient with ED, per user and per member monthly for individual and for all categories of ED care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A patient with ED in a health plan spent about an average of 83.91 dollars in 1999, 95.41 dollars in 2000 and 119.26 dollars in 2001 for ED care. In 2001, 37.08% of ED care costs per patient with ED were spent on phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor therapy, 14.36% were spent on physician office visits, 10.19% were spent on diagnosis procedures, 8.45% were spent on testosterone hormone therapy, 3.85% were spent on penile prosthesis implantation, 4.41% were spent on intracavernous injection, 2.68% were spent on alprostadil pellet insertion and 0.81% was spent on vacuum erection devices. Of the 7 commonly used ED treatments PDE-5 inhibitor therapy has the lowest annual cost per user.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In 2001 ED imposed a 122,669 dollars annual burden to a health plan with 100,000 members, that is or 0.108 dollars per member monthly. Each patient with ED spent 119.26 dollars annually for all ED related services or treatments. Of the 7 commonly used treatments PDE-5 inhibitor therapy had the lowest annual cost per user.
authors.affiliation: United States Medical Division, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA. sunpj@lilly.com
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Allen
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seftel
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swindle
authors.forename: Wenyu
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Gerhardt
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pohl
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D017046:Cost Savings; D017281:Cost of Illness; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D005791:Patient Care / Q000191:economics*; D019935:Penile Implantation / Q000191:economics; D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors / Q000191:economics; D012042:Registries; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010726:Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors