title: Telemedicine and robotics: paving the way to the globalization of surgery.
abstract: The concept of delivering health services at a distance, or telemedicine is becoming an emerging tool for the field of surgery. For the surgical services, telepresence surgery through robotics is gradually being incorporated into health care practices. This article will provide a brief overview of the principles surrounding telemedicine and telepresence surgery as they specifically relate to robotics. Where limitations have been reached in laparoscopy, robotics has allowed further steps forward. The development of robotics in medicine has been a progression from passive to immersive technology. In gynecology, the utilization of robotics has evolved from the use of Aesop, a robotic arm for camera manipulation, to full robotic systems such as Zeus, and the daVinci surgical system. These systems have not only been used directly for a variety of procedures but have also become a useful tool for conferencing and the mentoring of surgeons from afar. As this mode of technology becomes assimilated into the culture of surgery and medicine globally, caution must be taken to carefully navigate the economic, legal and ethical implications of telemedicine. Despite the challenges faced, telepresence surgery holds promise for more widespread applications.
authors.affiliation: Minimally Invasive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Senapati
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Advincula
mesh_terms: D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000941:ethics / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D012371:Robotics; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*