title: Colorectal cancer in Asians: a demographic and anatomic survey in Malaysian patients undergoing colonoscopy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Colorectal cancer is one of the most common forms of gastrointestinal cancer in the world today. In the Asia-Pacific area, it is the fastest emerging gastrointestinal cancer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the basic demographic features of patients with colorectal cancer and the anatomic distribution and characteristics of the tumour in a local Asian population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a review of consecutive patients who had undergone colonoscopy from 1999 to 2003 at the University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis was carried out on 3404 patients who underwent colonoscopy. A total of 228 patients (7%) were diagnosed with carcinoma. The mean age of diagnosis (+/-s.d.) was 64.4 +/- 13.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1.15. Polyps were noted in 470 patients (14%). Polyps detected concomitantly with a colorectal cancer were noted in 55 patients (2%). Four patients (0.1%) were diagnosed to have familial adenomatous polyposis coli. Of the 228 patients 209 (92%) had tumours at only one site whereas 19 (8%) had synchronous lesions. Tumours were mainly left sided [198 of 248 patients (80%)] with the majority located in the recto-sigmoid region. Detailed records of treatment were available only in 176 patients. A total of 147 of 176 patients (84%) underwent surgery and 50 (28%) also received adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy (28%). Seven of 154 patients (5%) were diagnosed to have stage A cancers, 64 (42%), stage B, 23 (15%), stage C and 60 (39%), stage D. Multivariate analysis using multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age > or =65 years (OR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.35- 2.36) and Malay (OR = 2.09; 95% CI: 1.30-3.35) and Chinese (OR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.77-2.69) race were significant independent predictive factors for colorectal cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The demography of colorectal cancer is different from western patients. Tumours were mainly left sided in our patients. However, no differences in anatomic location were found between races, men and women and younger and older age groups. Colorectal cancer presented in an advanced stage in the majority of patients.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. gohkl@um.edu
authors.forename: K-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Goh
authors.forename: K-F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Quek
authors.forename: G T S
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Yeo
authors.forename: I N
authors.initials: IN
authors.lastname: Hilmi
authors.forename: C-K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hasnida
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aznan
authors.forename: K-L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: K-T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Ong
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002430:Cecal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D003111:Colonic Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D003113:Colonoscopy / Q000379:methods; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000208:ethnology; D008296:Malaysia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012811:Sigmoid Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000628:therapy