title: Standardized volume-rendering of contrast-enhanced renal magnetic resonance angiography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To propose a technique for standardizing volume-rendering technique (VRT) protocols and to compare this with maximum intensity projection (MIP) in regard to image quality and diagnostic confidence in stenosis diagnosis with magnetic resonance angiography (MRA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty patients were examined with MRA under suspicion of renal artery stenosis. Using the histogram function in the volume-rendering software, the 95th and 99th percentiles of the 3D data set were identified and used to define the VRT transfer function. Two radiologists assessed the stenosis pathology and image quality from rotational sequences of MIP and VRT images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Good overall agreement (mean kappa=0.72) was found between MIP and VRT diagnoses. The agreement between MIP and VRT was considerably better than that between observers (mean kappa=0.43). One of the observers judged VRT images as having higher image quality than MIP images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Presenting renal MRA images with VRT gave results in good agreement with MIP. With VRT protocols defined from the histogram of the image, the lack of an absolute gray scale in MRI need not be a major problem.
authors.affiliation: Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Department of Radiology, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden. orjan.smedby@imv.liu.se
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Smedby
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Asberg
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stenström
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Eriksson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012078:Renal Artery Obstruction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA