title: Re-evaluation of antitumor effects of combination chemotherapy with interferon-alpha and 5-fluorouracil for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy of combination chemotherapy with interferon-alpha (IFNalpha) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-eight HCC patients in advanced stage were enrolled in the study. They were treated with IFNalpha/5-FU combination chemotherapy. One cycle of therapy lasted for 4 wk. IFNalpha (3 x 10(6) units) was subcutaneously injected thrice weekly on days 1, 3, and 5 for 3 wk, and 5-FU (500 mg/d) was administered via the proper hepatic artery for 5 consecutive days per week for 3 wk. No drugs were administered during the 4(th) wk. The effect of combination chemotherapy was evaluated in each patient after every cycle based on the reduction of tumor volume.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After the 1(st) cycle of therapy, 16 patients showed a partial response (PR, 57.1%) but none showed a complete response (CR, 0%). At the end of therapy, the number of patients who showed a CR, PR, or no response (NR) was 1, 10, and 17, respectively. The response rate for therapy (CR+PR) was 21.5%. Biochemical tests before therapy were compared between responsive (CR+PR) and non-responsive (NR) patients, but no significant differences were found for any of the parameters examined, indicating that no reasonable predictors could be identified in our analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Attempts should be made to discriminate between responders and non-responders by evaluating tumor size after the first cycle of IFNalpha/5-FU combination chemotherapy. For non-responders, therapy should not proceed to the next cycle, and instead, different combination of anticancer drugs should be explored.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan. enjoji@intmed3.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Munechika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Enjoji
authors.forename: Shusuke
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morizono
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kotoh
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kohjima
authors.forename: Yuzuru
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyagi
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshimoto
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamuta
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D005472:Fluorouracil