title: Pharmacokinetics of glutathione and its metabolites in normal subjects.
abstract: To determine the loading and maintenance dosage of glutathione (GSH) for patients suffering from reactive oxygen species (ROS) injury such as acute paraquat intoxication, a kinetic study of reduced GSH was performed in synchrony with that of cysteine (Cys), cystine (Cys2), and methionine (Met). Human subject's porticipitation was voluntary. The effective dose of Cys, Cys2, and Met against ROS in fibroblast cells generated by paraquat was assessed using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Both Cys and Met suppressed ROS in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations of 1-1,000 microM; the concentration required to suppress ROS by 50% was 10 microM for Cys and 50 microM for Met. Using metabolite kinetics with the assumption that Cys and Met are the metabolites of GSH, expected concentrations of Cys and Met of above 20 and 50 microM were estimated when GSH was administered at 50 mg/kg body weights every 205.4 min for Cys and 427.4 min for Met.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea.
authors.forename: Sae-Yong
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Hyo-Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Gil
authors.forename: Jong-Oh
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Eun-Young
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Hyung-Kee
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soo-Hyun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Young-Ho
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Soo-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Zee-Won
authors.initials: ZW
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005978:Glutathione / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism*; D041701:Swiss 3T3 Cells
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D005978:Glutathione