title: Vertical rectus muscle transposition for bilateral Duane syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Augmented transposition of the superior and inferior rectus muscles to the lateral rectus muscle is effective surgical treatment for esotropia in unilateral Duane syndrome. Medial rectus muscle recession in bilateral Duane syndrome may increase the risk of consecutive exotropia and cause limitation to adduction postoperatively. Vertical rectus muscle transposition may be useful in bilateral Duane syndrome with esotropia.
  
  
  METHODS
  We undertook a retrospective review of 11 patients with bilateral Duane syndrome and esotropia in primary position. All patients had vertical rectus muscle transpositions. Six patients had unilateral vertical rectus transpositions (2 eyes with and 4 without suture augmentation). Twelve eyes from 7 children (2 unilateral and 5 bilateral) had transpositions augmented with posterior fixation sutures. Posterior fixation suture were added to large deviations in patients without prior medial rectus recessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The preoperative esotropia at distance was 22.8 +/- 6.3 prism diopters (PD). It reduced to 2.0 +/- 6.7 PD postoperatively. (P < 0.001) Esotropia at near changed from 21.0 +/- 5.8 PD preoperatively to 1.2 +/- 8.1 PD postoperatively. (P < 0.001) One patient with a 10-degree face turn had complete resolution postoperatively. One patient had a small undercorrection and developed a vertical deviation requiring additional surgery. All patients had improvement in abduction. Nine of 11 patients did not develop any limitation to adduction. One patient developed a -1 adduction deficit 5 years later. Three patients achieved fusion with a mean stereovision of 67 seconds of arc (range, 80-40 seconds.). Follow-up averaged 22.2 months (range, 1-100 months).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vertical rectus muscle transposition in patients with bilateral Duane syndrome and esotropia is an effective procedure to improve ocular alignment and motility while preserving adduction.
authors.affiliation: Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Britt
authors.forename: Federico G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Velez
authors.forename: Arthur L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Rosenbaum
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004948:Esotropia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000637:transplantation*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome