title: Self-managed learning groups in higher education: students' perceptions of process and outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-managed learning groups are increasingly used in higher education. There is a need for more systematic investigation of university students' perceptions of the processes and outcomes of this learning method.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to identify the domains of process issues that students perceive as relevant to their participation in self-managed learning groups, and how these processes are perceived to influence group outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were undergraduate psychology students who were members of self-managed learning groups.
  
  
  METHODS
  The first study employed qualitative methods (namely, students' written accounts, interviews, and observation) to study learning groups (N = 180 students) and identify the process domains. In the second study, first and second year students (N = 207) used a questionnaire (based on the domains identified in Study 1) to evaluate the processes and outcomes of their learning groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Analysis of qualitative data (Study 1) identified seven process domains: task focus, staff support, process learning, environmental fit, managing differences, equity and responsibility, and collaboration and cooperation. Factor analysis of students' responses (Study 2) identified an underlying structure of two process factors: personal responsibility and collaborative climate, and staff support and environmental fit. Both process factors were associated with the self-reported satisfaction and productivity of this group of students.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  University students' perceptions of the processes of self-managed learning groups have a clear structure. These process factors are associated with perceived group outcomes in systematic and theoretically consistent ways.
authors.affiliation: School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. A.Lizzio@griffith.edu.au
authors.forename: Alf
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lizzio
authors.forename: Keithia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wilson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D004521:Educational Measurement / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D012938:Social Perception; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods; D014495:Universities