title: Vibrionaceae as a possible source of Qnr-like quinolone resistance determinants.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To gain insight into the functionality of qnr-like genes of several bacterial species of Vibrionaceae that may encode quinolone resistance determinants.
  
  
  METHODS
  A PCR-based strategy was used to obtain qnr-like genes of reference strains of Vibrio vulnificus CIP103196, Vibrio parahaemolyticus CIP71.2 and Photobacterium profundum CIP106289 that were sequenced, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. MICs of quinolones were determined for these reference strains and an E. coli reference strain harbouring recombinant plasmids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The Qnr-like proteins of these Vibrionaceae bacterial species shared 40-67% amino acid identity with the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants QnrA, QnrB and QnrS with a series of highly conserved residues. Once cloned in E. coli they conferred reduced susceptibility to quinolones.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work provides further evidence that water-borne Vibrionaceae may constitute a reservoir for Qnr-like quinolone resistance determinants.
authors.affiliation: Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Assistance Publique/Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, 94275 K.-Bicêtre Cedex, France.
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Poirel
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Liard
authors.forename: Jose-Manuel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rodriguez-Martinez
authors.forename: Patrice
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nordmann
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D022761:Gene Transfer, Horizontal; D005798:Genes, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010776:Photobacterium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015363:Quinolones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D014736:Vibrio parahaemolyticus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D041261:Vibrio vulnificus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D014737:Vibrionaceae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D015363:Quinolones