title: Plasma adiponectin level is associated with insulin-stimulated nonoxidative glucose disposal.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Impaired nonoxidative glucose disposal and decrease in mitochondrial glucose oxidation both contribute to insulin resistance in diabetic subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  In the present study, we investigated whether plasma adiponectin is associated with glucose oxidation and nonoxidative glucose disposal in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp was performed in 42 type 2 diabetic (T2DM) and 13 nondiabetic (non-DM) subjects. The whole-body glucose disposal rate (GDR) was evaluated as the mean of the glucose infusion rate during steady state of the clamp. Glucose and fat oxidation rates were assessed by indirect calorimetry, and nonoxidative glucose disposal rate was calculated by subtracting glucose oxidation rate from GDR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Plasma adiponectin level was significantly lower in T2DM than non-DM (2.87 +/- 1.40 vs. 3.96 +/- 2.39 microg/ml, P = 0.045). GDR (3.39 +/- 1.53 vs. 4.83 +/- 1.70 mg/kg x min, P = 0.006) and nonoxidative glucose disposal rate (1.89 +/- 1.39 vs. 3.11 +/- 1.76 mg/kg x min, P = 0.012) were significantly lower in T2DM, compared with non-DM, although no difference was found in glucose oxidation rate between the two groups. In all subjects, plasma adiponectin level was positively correlated with GDR (r = 0.351, P = 0.009) and nonoxidative glucose disposal rate (r = 0.324, P = 0.016) but not glucose oxidation rate. There was no significant correlation between plasma adiponectin level and fat oxidation, either before or during the clamp.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In conclusion, plasma adiponectin level is associated with nonoxidative glucose disposal, which is reduced in type 2 diabetic subjects. Our results suggest that adiponectin controls insulin sensitivity by modulating the glycogen synthetic process in human skeletal muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan. yock@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hisayo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Emoto
authors.forename: Katsuhito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Araki
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Teramura
authors.forename: Hidenori
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: Masaaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Inaba
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishizawa
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D002151:Calorimetry; D002153:Calorimetry, Indirect; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D015309:Glucose Clamp Technique; D006801:Humans; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000097:blood; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D001786:Blood Glucose; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin