title: Organ-sparing treatment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Organ-sparing treatment of bladder cancer by a trimodality approach is feasible and effective. In this study, the results of a series of patients are reported, who were, in the majority, not suitable for major surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the period from June 1995 through December 2003, 68 patients (64 males, four females) with urothelial bladder cancer were treated with curative intent. The median age was 68 years (range 42-82 years). Clinical T-category was 32x T2, 20x T3, and 16x T4. Transurethral resection was performed in all cases, and a complete TUR-BT (transurethral resection of bladder tumor) was attempted, if possible. Radiotherapy was administered in conventional fractionation (five fractions of 1.8 Gy per week) up to 50.4 Gy to bladder, and regional nodes and the whole bladder received a boost up to 54-59.4 Gy. 34 patients received concurrent cisplatin-based chemotherapy (25 mg/m(2) on days 1-5 and 29-33), and patients with impaired renal function were either treated with irradiation alone (n = 7) or received paclitaxel as alternative to cisplatin in a phase II protocol or on an individual decision (n = 27). The median follow-up was 34 months (range 2-104 months).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A histologically confirmed complete remission (CR) on restaging cystoscopy was observed in 40/46 patients (87%) who underwent restaging cystoscopy. CR rates were not significantly correlated to T-category (CR: 24/32 T2, 9/19 T3, and 9/16 T4 tumors) or clinical nodal status. Patients with non-radical resection and macroscopic residual tumor (R2 resection) achieved a CR in only 39% (12/31); this figure was significantly lower as compared to patients with radical R0 TUR-BT (CR: 15/16, 94%, p = 0.013) Furthermore, age and preexisting anemia had no impact on response. The overall survival of the whole group was 45% after 5 years, and survival according to clinical T-category was 62% for T2, 43% for T3, and 19% for T4 (p = 0.015). In eleven patients, local disease progression or relapse was observed. So far, only one salvage cystectomy has been performed, due to contraindications to surgery in the majority of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data obtained in this study confirm the high efficacy of TUR and radiochemotherapy for locally advanced bladder cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiotherapy, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. juergen.dunst@strahlentherapie.uni-luebeck.de
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dunst
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Diestelhorst
authors.forename: Reinhard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Arndt-Christian
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Hans-Jörg
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Scholz
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fornara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D019583:Dose Fractionation, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000473:pathology; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*