title: Tissue characterization using high wave number Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: Raman spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool, enabling tissue identification and classification. Mostly, the so-called fingerprint (approximately 400-1800 cm(-1)) spectral region is used. In vivo application often requires small flexible fiber-optic probes, and is hindered by the intense Raman signal that is generated in the fused silica core of the fiber. This necessitates filtering of laser light, which is guided to the tissue, and of the scattered light collected from the tissue, leading to complex and expensive designs. Fused silica has no Raman signal in the high wave number region (2400-3800 cm(-1)). This enables the use of a single unfiltered fiber to guide laser light to the tissue and to collect scattered light in this spectral region. We show, by means of a comparison of in vitro Raman microspectroscopic maps of thin tissue sections (brain tumors, bladder), measured both in the high wave number region and in the fingerprint region, that essentially the same diagnostic information is obtained in the two wave number regions. This suggests that for many clinical applications the technological hurdle of designing and constructing suitable fiber-optic probes may be eliminated by using the high wave number region and a simple piece of standard optical fiber.
authors.affiliation: Erasmus Medical Center, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Koljenović
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Bakker Schut
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolthuis
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Caspers
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kros
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Puppels
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D055100:Optical Fibers; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013552:Swine; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins