Sex steroid regulation of angiogenesis in breast tissue.
Angiogenesis is essential for normal function in the female reproductive tract and a prerequisite for growth and metastasis of solid tumors. Several factors, both inducers and inhibitors, play essential roles in the regulation of the angiogenic process. Exposure to sex steroids increases the risk of breast cancer but the mechanisms are poorly understood and the importance of angiogenesis in breast carcinogenesis is undefined. In the female reproductive tract ovarian hormones tightly regulate angiogenesis. The breast is also a target organ for sex steroids but very little is known about sex steroid effects on angiogenesis in normal breast tissue and breast cancer. In this review several regulators of angiogenesis, and their relation to sex steroids, in breast tissue are discussed. Increased knowledge in this area is of utmost importance for future therapeutic treatment options and for breast cancer prevention.
Dabrosin
Charlotta
C
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping, Sweden. chada@ibk.liu.se
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001940:Breast / Q000098:blood supply*; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000502:physiology*; D015843:Serpins / Q000378:metabolism; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism
D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; C114753:CXCL10 protein, human; D054357:Chemokine CXCL10; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D016209:Interleukin-8; C085344:SERPIN-B5; D015843:Serpins; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D005346:Fibroblast Growth Factors