title: Remote temperature monitoring in ocular tissue using confocal Raman spectroscopy.
abstract: We demonstrated the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy for remote temperature monitoring within the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye in vivo. Using a confocal Raman spectroscopy system, Raman spectra from 2580 to 3800 cm(-1) were recorded in HPLC-grade water and in the aqueous humor of the rabbit eye under in vivo and ex vivo conditions within a temperature range of 14-34 degrees C. The ratio between the integrated Raman intensities of two temperature dependent OH-vibrational regions (OH2/OH1) in the spectra of water showed high linear dependence on temperature both in pure water [0.0049(+/-1.2%)T+0.4522(+/-0.5%), R2=0.99, n=50, p<0.05], as well as in the rabbit aqueous humor [0.0036(+/-2.8%)T+0.4966(+/-0.6%), R2=0.98, n=162, p<0.05] with a high degree of reproducibility and sensitivity ( approximately 0.2-0.7 degrees C). Raman spectroscopy can be used for high resolution and remote monitoring of temperature in the aqueous humor under in vivo conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Academic Hospital Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
authors.forename: Noel J C
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Massoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Motamedi
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hendrikse
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wicksted
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000502:physiology*; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000379:methods*; D009799:Ocular Physiological Phenomena; D011817:Rabbits; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013059:Spectrum Analysis, Raman / Q000379:methods*; D013817:Thermography / Q000379:methods*