title: Role of protein kinase C in expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor in lung cancer cells.
abstract: We examine the role of protein kinase C (PKC) pathways in the constitutive expression of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in lung cancer cells. Two cell lines, OKa-C-1 and MI-4, constitutively produce an abundant dose of G-CSF and GM-CSF. The PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) stimulated the production of GM-CSF in a dose-dependent manner and reduced G-CSF in the cell lines. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine had effects opposite to those of PMA in the cell lines. Another PKC activator (4beta-phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate) and six specific PKC inhibitors (bisindolylmaleimide I, calphostin C, chelerythrine chloride, Gö 6976, PKC inhibitor 19-27, and Ro-32-0432) also worked as well as PMA and staurosporine, respectively. The induction of GM-CSF expression via PKC activation was mediated by the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. The induction of G-CSF expression via PKC inhibition was mediated by p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway signaling. GM-CSF may accelerate cell growth and inhibit cell death via PKC activation in the cell lines. G-CSF also seems to reverse growth suppression and cell death induced by PKC inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan. uemuray@med.kochi-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hideshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakata
authors.forename: Tetsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Tsuyako
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bandobashi
authors.forename: Hirokuni
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Taguchi
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019311:Staurosporine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007527:Isoenzymes; D016328:NF-kappa B; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor; C016658:phorbolol myristate acetate; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D019311:Staurosporine; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate