title: Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori among children in Sana'a, Yemen.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Helicobacter pylori infection is primarily acquired in early childhood. Its transmission routes are debated. The aims of this study were to determine the seroprevalence of anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) in Yemeni children under 10 years of age, the potential risk factors for contracting H. pylori infection and co-infection of H. pylori with intestinal parasites.
  
  
  METHODS
  Enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay was used to determine the H. pylori prevalence rate among 572 healthy volunteers aged less than 10 years. Formalin ether concentration methods were used to test the prevalence of intestinal parasites (intestinal roundworms and tapeworms). In addition, we interviewed participants regarding potential risk factors for contracting H. pylori infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The seroprevalence of H. pylori antibodies was 9%. The prevalence according to age varied from 0% in children under 2 years to 12.5% in age group 9-10 years. There was a correlation between the amounts of positive antibodies and increasing age. The prevalence rate of H. pylori antibodies was also significantly associated with the practice of drinking water from reused plastic jerry cans, with poor mouth hygiene and with co-infection by intestinal parasites.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of H. pylori antibodies in Yemen among children under 10 years of age is higher than that reported from other regions for the same age groups. Yemen shares some but not all potential risk factors for H. pylori infection with countries in which similar socioeconomic conditions are found. A possible way of eliminating H. pylori from the population would be via public health measures, i.e. preventing the reuse of plastic jerry cans, and improving sanitation and the standard of living.
authors.affiliation: University of Sana'a, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a, Yemen. shmahe@yemen.net.ye
authors.forename: Hassan A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Al-Shamahy
mesh_terms: D020807:Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology*; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D015006:Yemen / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007074:Immunoglobulin G