title: Testicular microlithiasis and antisperm antibodies following testicular biopsy in boys with cryptorchidism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Testicular biopsy (TBx) performed during orchiopexy in boys with cryptorchidism can help to predict future semen analyses and possibly identify patients at risk for testicular cancer. It has been theorized that TBx can be detrimental to the long-term health of the testis. We examined testicular microlithiasis (TM) and antisperm antibody (ASA) production in cryptorchid TBx.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 112 males underwent fertility evaluation. These patients had previously undergone orchiopexy and bilateral TBx (mean age 8.6 years) for unilateral or bilateral undescended testis. At a mean age of 19.6 years all patients underwent physical examination and scrotal ultrasound for evaluation of testis size, echotexture and abnormalities. Of 112 patients 57 also underwent direct Immunobead(R) assay with positive controls. Moving sperm free and/or bound to IgG bead complex were counted in the preparation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 29 patients had bilateral and 83 had unilateral undescended testis. Of the 112 patients 26 were black and 86 were white. Four black patients (15.4%) and 4 white patients (4.7%) had testicular microlithiasis. Three patients had bilateral and 5 had unilateral diffuse TM. No tunica albuginea scars or testis masses were noted. In the 57 patients who underwent direct Immunobead assay no semen sample demonstrated evidence of forming bead-sperm complex, ie none had direct ASA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No patient exhibited evidence of direct ASA. Prepubertal open TBx does not increase the rate of TM. We found no evidence of additive testicular damage associated with TBx at the time of orchiopexy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19128, USA.
authors.forename: Rakesh P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Thomas F
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Kolon
authors.forename: Dale S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: Michael C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Carr
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Zderic
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Canning
authors.forename: Howard M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Snyder
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003456:Cryptorchidism / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020347:Lithiasis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D013733:Testicular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D013520:Urologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies