title: Are we doing everything we can to conserve blood during bypass? A national survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Despite major advances in biomaterial research and blood conservation, bleeding is still a common complication after cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac surgery remains a major consumer of blood products. Although the underlying mechanisms for these effects are not fully established, two proposed major etiologies are the hemodilution associated with the use of the heart-lung machine and the impact of reinfusion of shed cardiotomy blood. Therapeutic strategies that primarily encompass the use of devices or technologies to overcome these effects may result in improved clinical outcomes.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent to which 1) lipid/leukocyte filtration and centrifugal processing of cardiotomy blood, and 2) modified ultrafiltration (MUF) are currently applied in adult cardiac surgery in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to the chief perfusionist at all adult cardiac surgical centers in Canada, addressing details regarding the frequency of use of cardiotomy blood processing and MUF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All questionnaires (36, 100%) were completed and returned. With regards to cardiotomy blood management, in 21 centers (58%), no specific processing steps were utilized exclusive of the integrated cardiotomy reservoir filter. Of the remaining centers, two (6%) reported using lipid/leukocyte filtration and 15 (42%) reported washing their cardiotomy blood. Three centers (8%) reported using MUF at the end of CPB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite growing concern about the potential detrimental effects of cardiotomy blood, few centers in Canada routinely manage this blood with additional filtration and/or centrifugal processing prior to reinfusion. Similarly, MUF, demonstrated to be effective in the pediatric population, has not seen popular application in adult cardiac surgical practice.
authors.affiliation: Division of Perfusion Services, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Belway
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Rubens
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wozny
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Henley
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Nathan
mesh_terms: D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001804:Blood Transfusion, Autologous / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002170:Canada; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass / Q000379:methods*; D002498:Centrifugation; D003625:Data Collection; D005374:Filtration; D006801:Humans; D047589:Leukocyte Reduction Procedures