title: A prospective, randomized clinical study of adjunctive peripheral parenteral nutrition in adult subacute care patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A number of frail, older, undernourished patients cannot maintain adequate oral intake to meet protein-calorie needs after an illness, even when high-density nutritional supplements are added. Tolerance to enteral nutrition by gastric tube is poor in this group of patients. Peripheral parenteral nutrition is an effective method of administering nutritional support to patients with mild to moderate nutritional deficiencies who are unable to receive enteral nutrition or for whom enteral nutrition alone cannot meet energy needs. However, no data exists for the use of peripheral parenteral nutrition longer than two weeks and overall there are remarkably few studies on the efficacy of peripheral parenteral nutrition.
  
  
  METHODS
  A Phase 4, single center, prospective, randomized, parallel group design clinical trial was conducted to evaluate long-term safety of peripheral parenteral nutrition in post-acute patients receiving inadequate enteral nutrition. Nutritional status was measured by the Mini-Nutritional Assessment and functional status by the Functional Inventory Measure. Subjects received a mean duration for peripheral parenteral nutrition of 15.8 +/- 6.7 days (range 8-23).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peripheral parenteral nutrition group demonstrated several trends towards improvement in prealbumin, CD4 cell count, and functional status compared to the untreated control group. Two patients in the peripheral parenteral nutrition group developed low-grade phlebitis; however, this did not result in discontinuing intravenous therapy. No other adverse events occurred. This study demonstrates that peripheral parenteral nutrition is feasible and safe in postacute care.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that peripheral parenteral nutrition can be safely administered in post-acute settings with a low rate of complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Geriatric Medicine and The GRECC, Jefferson Barracks VA Medical Center, Saint Louis, MO 63104, USA.
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Zdrodowski
authors.forename: M-M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: K C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Conright
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diebold
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Morley
mesh_terms: D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009748:Nutrition Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012449:Safety; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome