title: Wasting and body composition of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis in relation to HIV-1 coinfection, socioeconomic status, and severity of tuberculosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the impact of HIV coinfection, socioeconomic status (SES) and severity of tuberculosis (TB) on the body composition and anthropometric status of adults with pulmonary TB.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five TB clinics in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2231 adult men and women diagnosed with pulmonary TB, prior to the initiation of anti-TB therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We compared the distribution of anthropometric characteristics including body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skin-fold (TSF), and arm muscle circumference (AMC) by HIV status, SES characteristics, and indicators of TB severity (bacillary density in sputum and Karnofsky performance score). Similar comparisons were carried out with body composition variables from bioelectrical impedance analysis and albumin concentrations, in a subsample of 731 subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In multivariate analysis, HIV infection was significantly associated with lower MUAC and AMC in both men and women, but not with BMI or TSF. Compared to HIV-uninfected women, those who were HIV infected had lower body cell mass (BCM) (adjusted difference = -0.85 kg, P = 0.04), intracellular water (-0.68 l, P = 0.04), and phase angle (-0.52, P = 0.02). Albumin concentrations were significantly lower in both men and women infected with HIV. Among HIV-infected men, CD4 cell counts <200/mm(3) were related to lower intracellular water, BCM, fat-free mass and phase angle. Independent of HIV infection, BMI and MUAC were positively related to SES indicators and the Karnofsky performance score; and inversely related to bacillary density.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV infection is associated with indicators of low lean body mass in adults with TB; socioeconomic factors and TB severity are important correlates of wasting, independent of HIV.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (UO1 AI 45441-01).
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. evillamo@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Villamor
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saathoff
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mugusi
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Urassa
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Fawzi
mesh_terms: D017088:AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000886:Anthropometry; D001823:Body Composition; D015992:Body Mass Index; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D017097:Electric Impedance; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D019247:HIV Wasting Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D017567:Karnofsky Performance Status; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012923:Social Class; D013636:Tanzania; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D019282:Wasting Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology