title: A naturalistic evaluation of the relation between dietary restraint, the urge to binge, and actual binge eating: a clarification.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The current study attempted to characterize the natural course of events linking dietary restraint to urges to binge and actual binge episodes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using preprogrammed, hand-held computers, 39 women with bulimia-spectrum eating disorders monitored ongoing eating episodes, dietary restraint, and binge cravings over a 7-29-day interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that restraint was not systematically elevated before binging. However, elevated restraint preceded strong binge cravings.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results suggest that dietary restraint may contribute to binge cravings, but may not be a direct antecedent to binge episodes. Such findings are consistent with restraint theory, which suggests that dietary restraint potentiates binging, but does not necessarily trigger its occurrence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. mengelbe@nygh.on.ca
authors.forename: Marla J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Engelberg
authors.forename: Lise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gauvin
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Steiger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001066:Appetite; D052018:Bulimia Nervosa / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology*; D034201:Computers, Handheld; D015930:Diet Records; D005260:Female; D005508:Food Deprivation; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009042:Motivation; D010552:Personality Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic