title: Wheezing illness and re-hospitalization in the first two years of life after neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on wheezing illnesses and re-hospitalizations in children as old as 2 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  We observed 2 geographically defined cohorts of children with RDS born after 26 weeks of gestation during 1990 to 1995 and 1996 to 1999 and gestationally paired control subjects. Recurrent wheezing illness and the re-hospitalizations caused by a respiratory condition were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the first year of life, 47 of 224 infants with RDS and 18 of 224 control subjects born in 1990 to 1995 had recurrent wheezing illness (P <.005) compared with 21 of 109 infants with RDS and 14 of 109 control subjects in the latter cohort (P=.27). A higher number of infants with RDS were readmitted to the hospital (25% versus 13%, P=.002) in the former period, and they spent more days in hospital during both periods. The frequencies of wheezing remained constant in the second year of life, but hospital admissions decreased. Siblings at home, male sex, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were additional risk factors of wheezing illnesses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RDS increases the incidence of wheezing illnesses during the first 2 years of life. Changes in the management of RDS during the 1990s was associated with a decreased incidence of subsequent RDS-associated respiratory morbidity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Maila
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koivisto
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marttila
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saarela
authors.forename: Marja-Leena
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Pokela
authors.forename: A Marita
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Valkama
authors.forename: Mikko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hallman
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D012120:Respiration Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D012135:Respiratory Sounds / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome