title: Safety of caspofungin for treating invasive nasal sinus aspergillosis in a kidney transplant recipient.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Invasive fungal sinusitis is a rare but often fatal infection in immunocompromised patients. Aggressive antifungal treatment is mandatory, but is not without risk. Caspofungin, an antifungal agent that is a member of the echinocandin family, an inhibitor of glucan synthesis in the fungal wall, is active against Aspergillus and Candidae infections. Although it works on the fungal wall, it does not affect mammalian cells; hence, its toxicity is minimal.
  
  
  METHODS
  This report describes a case of invasive Aspergillus sinusitis in a kidney transplant recipient with diabetes mellitus. The infection involved the apex of the right orbit causing optic nerve compression. The patient was treated with transnasal endoscopic decompression of the optic nerve and intravenous AmBisome (liposomal amphotericin B) for 2 weeks without clinical improvement. The combination of caspofungin and AmBisome administered for another 2 weeks yielded partial improvement. The AmBisome had to be discontinued due to deterioration of renal and hepatic function, but the patient completed a further 7-week course of caspofungin alone. Retro-orbital biopsy confirmed a complete response to treatment; the patient's renal and hepatic function returned to normal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case indicates that caspofungin is effective to treat invasive Aspergillus sinusitis in kidney transplant recipients. This agent is well tolerated and safe with respect to renal and hepatic function.
authors.affiliation: Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplant Center, Ibn-Sina Hospital, Kuwait. tsaid2000@hotmail.com
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: M R N
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nampoory
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Saleh
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Al-Haj
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Johny
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mousawi
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001228:Aspergillosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000077336:Caspofungin; D054714:Echinocandins; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; D000077336:Caspofungin