Preservative-free nasal drug-delivery systems.
Unpreserved nasal sprays are the latest trend in nasal drug delivery. Different technologies are discussed here in the context of mechanically protected systems, which may provide additional benefits. New test protocols are suggested to evaluate the improved microbiological protection that can be achieved.
Bommer
René
R
Ing.Erich Pfeiffer GmHbH, Pharma Division, Radolfzell, Germany. rene_bommer@pfeiffer.de
Kern
Jochen
J
Hennes
Kilian
K
Zwisler
Walter
W
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000336:Aerosols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004209:Disposable Equipment; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004866:Equipment Contamination / Q000517:prevention & control; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical
D000336:Aerosols; D011310:Preservatives, Pharmaceutical