title: Beyond apoptosis: nonapoptotic cell death in physiology and disease.
abstract: Apoptosis is a morphologically defined form of programmed cell death (PCD) that is mediated by the activation of members of the caspase family. Analysis of death-receptor signaling in lymphocytes has revealed that caspase-dependent signaling pathways are also linked to cell death by nonapoptotic mechanisms, indicating that apoptosis is not the only form of PCD. Under physiological and pathological conditions, cells demonstrate a high degree of flexibility in cell-death responses, as is reflected in the existence of a variety of mechanisms, including necrosis-like PCD, autophagy (or type II PCD), and accidental necrosis. In this review, we discuss recent data suggesting that canonical apoptotic pathways, including death-receptor signaling, control caspase-dependent and -independent cell-death pathways.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
authors.forename: Claudio A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Hetz
authors.forename: Vicente
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: Andrew F G
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Quest
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001343:Autophagy; D020169:Caspases / Q000502:physiology; D002518:Ceramides / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002518:Ceramides; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D019014:fas Receptor; D020169:Caspases