title: Transcriptional activators of helper T cell fate are required for establishment but not maintenance of signature cytokine expression.
abstract: The stability of helper T cell fates is not well understood. Using conditional introduction of dominant-negative factors, we now show that T-bet and GATA-3 are far more critical in establishment than maintenance of IFN-gamma and IL-4 activity during Th1 and Th2 maturation, respectively. We also show that a genetic interaction between T-bet and its target Hlx seems to be required for Th1 maturation, but that Hlx may also be dispensable for maintenance of a transcriptionally permissive ifng gene. In parallel to progressive activator independence in the permissive lineage, the ifng gene becomes more recalcitrant to switching as the forbidden lineage matures. T-bet plus Hlx can disrupt ifng silencing when introduced into developing Th2 cells, but they fail to perturb ifng silencing in mature Th2 cells. In contrast, a hypermorphic allele of T-bet can reverse silencing of the ifng gene in mature Th2 cells. These results suggest that signature gene activity of helper T cells is initially plastic but later becomes epigenetically fixed and offer an initial strategy for inducing mature cells to switch their fate.
authors.affiliation: Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
authors.forename: Gislâine A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Anne S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hutchins
authors.forename: Steven L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Reiner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor
chemical_list: D050990:GATA3 Transcription Factor; C494748:Gata3 protein, mouse; C489999:Hlx protein, mouse; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D020825:T-Box Domain Proteins; D000098815:T-bet Transcription Factor; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma