title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr interacts with antiapoptotic mitochondrial protein HAX-1.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral protein R (Vpr) is required for viral pathogenesis and has been implicated in T-cell apoptosis through its activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9 and perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential. To understand better Vpr-mitochondria interaction, we report here the identification of antiapoptotic mitochondrial protein HAX-1 as a novel Vpr target. We show that Vpr and HAX-1 physically associate with each other. Overexpression of Vpr in cells dislocates HAX-1 from its normal residence in mitochondria and creates mitochondrion instability and cell death. Conversely, overexpression of HAX-1 suppressed the proapoptotic activity of Vpr.
authors.affiliation: Molecular Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Maryland 20892-0460, USA.
authors.forename: Venkat S R K
authors.initials: VS
authors.lastname: Yedavalli
authors.forename: Hsiu-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Yu-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Chiang
authors.forename: Chun-Yi
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Luan-Yin
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Mao-Yuan
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Che-Yen
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chuang
authors.forename: Andrew I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Dayton
authors.forename: Kuan-Teh
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Jeang
authors.forename: Li-Min
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D017209:Apoptosis; D015536:Down-Regulation; D016336:Gene Products, vpr / Q000378:metabolism*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000254:growth & development*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D016336:Gene Products, vpr; C104759:HAX1 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D054325:vpr Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus