title: Intestinal permeability and bacterial growth of the small bowel in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Animal studies show that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and infusion of bacterial antigens into portal blood cause hepatic histological changes similar to those seen in primary sclerosing cholangitis in man. It has been suggested that aa similar mechanism involving bacterial overgrowth with increased small-bowel permeability may play a pathogenic role in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (13 M, 9 F, median age 37 years, range 21-74 years), 19 of whom (83%) had quiescent inflammatory bowel disease, were included in the study along with 18 healthy volunteers (9 F, ( M, median age 36 years, range 23-80 years). Small-bowel bacterial overgrowth was defined as the presence of colonic flora>10(5) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml from duodenal aspirations. Small-bowel intestinal permeability was assessed as the differential urinary excretion of lactulose/L-rhamnose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Bacterial overgrowth was evident in one patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis (4.5%) (Enterobacter) and in none of the controls. Intestinal permeability in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (0.034 (0.026-0.041) (median, interquartile range (IQR)) did not differ significantly from that of the controls (0.033 (0.025-0.041).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and increased intestinal permeability does not seem to play an important pathogenic role in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden. einar.bjornsson@medic.gu.se
authors.forename: Einar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Björnsson
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cederborg
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Akvist
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Simren
authors.forename: Per-Ove
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Stotzer
authors.forename: Ingvar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bjarnason
mesh_terms: D019325:3-O-Methylglucose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015209:Cholangitis, Sclerosing / Q000378:metabolism*; D004754:Enterobacter / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D007792:Lactulose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010539:Permeability; D014994:Xylose / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D019325:3-O-Methylglucose; D007792:Lactulose; D014994:Xylose; D002237:Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases; C022524:L-rhamnose dehydrogenase