title: A cowpea mosaic virus nanoscaffold for multiplexed antibody conjugation: application as an immunoassay tracer.
abstract: Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), an icosahedral 30 nm virus, offers a uniquely programmable biological nanoscaffold. This study reports initial optimization of the simultaneous modification of two CPMV mutants with AlexaFluor 647 fluorescent dyes and either IgG proteins or antibodies at specific sites on the virus scaffold. The capacity of CPMV as a simultaneous carrier for different types of molecules was demonstrated, specifically, when applied as a tracer in direct and sandwich immunoassays. The ability to label the virus capsid with antibody and up to 60 fluorescent dyes resulted in an improved limit of detection in SEB sandwich immunoassays, when used as a tracer, relative to a mole equivalent of dye-labeled antibody.
authors.affiliation: George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA. ksap@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil
authors.forename: Kim E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Sapsford
authors.forename: Carissa M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: Amy Szuchmacher
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Blum
authors.forename: Anju
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chatterji
authors.forename: Tianwei
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Frances S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Ligler
authors.forename: Banahalli R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Ratna
mesh_terms: D000941:Antigens / Q000032:analysis* / Q000276:immunology; D001681:Biological Assay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D017798:Comovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D007118:Immunoassay / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D046228:Microarray Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D036103:Nanotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens