title: Validation of the WHO Quality of Life assessment instrument (WHOQOL-100) in a population of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Research concerning the psychometric properties of the WHO Quality of Life Assessment Instrument (WHOQOL-100) in general populations of psychiatric outpatients has not been performed systematically.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the WHOQOL-100 in a general population of Dutch adult psychiatric outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 533 psychiatric outpatients entered the study (438 randomly selected, 85 internally referred). Participants completed self-administered questionnaires for measuring quality of life (WHOQOL-100), psychopathological symptoms (SCL-90), and perceived social support (PSSS). In addition, they underwent two semi-structured interviews in order to obtain Axis-I and Axis-II diagnoses, according to DSM-IV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The drop-out percentage was low (7.1%). Of the 24 facets of the WHOQOL-100, 22 had a good distribution of scores, leaving out the facets physical environment and transport. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure, which was similar to earlier findings in patients with specific somatic diseases and depressive disorders. Various-a priori expected-positive and negative correlations were found between facets and domains of the WHOQOL-100, and dimensions of the SCL-90 and the PSSS-score, indicating good construct validity of the WHOQOL-100. The internal consistency of all facets and the four domains of the WHOQOL-100 was good (Cronbach's alpha's ranging from 0.62 to 0.93 and 0.64 to 0.84, respectively). Sparse and relatively low correlations were found between demographic characteristics (age and sex) and WHOQOL-100 scores.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Content validity, construct validity, and reliability of the WHOQOL-100 in a population of adult Dutch psychiatric outpatients are good. The WHOQOL-100 appears to be a suitable instrument for measuring quality of life in adult psychiatric outpatients.
authors.affiliation: Stichting GGZ Midden Brabant, P.O. Box 770, 5000 AT Tilburg, The Netherlands. e.masthoff@ggzmb.nl
authors.forename: Erik D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Masthoff
authors.forename: Fons J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Trompenaars
authors.forename: Guus L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Van Heck
authors.forename: Paul P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Hodiamont
authors.forename: Jolanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Vries
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000553:Ambulatory Care; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009426:Netherlands; D011788:Quality of Life; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014944:World Health Organization