title: Diabetes mellitus: clinical presentation and outcome in men and women with acute coronary syndromes. Data from the Euro Heart Survey ACS.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study clinical presentation, in-hospital course and short-term prognosis in men and women with diabetes mellitus and acute coronary syndromes (ACS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Men (n = 6488, 21.2% with diabetes) and 2809 women (28.7% with diabetes) < or = 80 years old, with a discharge diagnosis of ACS were prospectively enrolled in the Euro Heart Survey of ACS.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with diabetes were more likely to present with ST elevation than non-diabetic women, a difference that became more marked after adjustment for differences in smoking, hypertension, obesity, medication and prior disease [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.46 (1.20, 1.78)], whereas there was little difference between diabetic and non-diabetic men [adjusted OR 0.99 (0.86, 1.14)]. In addition, women with diabetes were more likely to develop Q-wave myocardial infarction (MI) than non-diabetic women [adjusted OR 1.61 (1.30, 1.99)], while there was no difference between men with and without diabetes [adjusted OR 0.99 (0.85, 1.15)]. There were significant interactions between sex, diabetes and presenting with ST-elevation ACS (P < 0.001), and Q-wave MI (P < 0.001), respectively. Of the women with diabetes, 7.4% died in hospital, compared with 3.6% of non-diabetic women [adjusted OR 2.13 (1.39, 3.26)], whereas corresponding mortality rates in men with and without diabetes were 4.1% and 3.3%, respectively [OR 1.13 (0.76, 1.67)] (P for diabetes-sex interaction 0.021).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In women with ACS, diabetes is associated with higher risk of presenting with ST-elevation ACS, developing Q-wave MI, and of in-hospital mortality, whereas in men with ACS diabetes is not significantly associated with increased risk of either. These findings suggest a differential effect of diabetes on the pathophysiology of ACS based on the patient's sex.
authors.affiliation: Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Ostra, SE-416 85 Göteborg, Sweden. annika.dotevall@vgregion.se
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dotevall
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hasdai
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wallentin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Battler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosengren
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors