title: A novel subgroup of rhadinoviruses in ruminants.
abstract: In the course of investigating the malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) subgroup of rhadinoviruses, seven novel rhadinoviruses were identified in a variety of ruminants, including domestic sheep, bighorn sheep, bison, black-tailed deer, mule deer, fallow deer, elk and addax. Based on the DNA polymerase gene sequences, these newly recognized viruses clustered into a second distinct subgroup in ruminants with three members identified previously in cattle, goats and oryx. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the currently known ruminant rhadinoviruses appear to comprise three distinct genetic lineages: (i) the MCF subgroup, defined by sequence identity and the presence of the 15A antigenic epitope; (ii) a second distinct subgroup, devoid of the 15A epitope, which contains the previously reported bovine lymphotropic herpesvirus and related viruses; and (iii) a third distinct subgroup represented by Bovine herpesvirus 4. Comparison of phylogenetic trees between the rhadinoviruses and their corresponding hosts further supports the gammaherpesvirus and host co-evolution theory.
authors.affiliation: Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA.
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Li
authors.affiliation: Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA.
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gailbreath
authors.affiliation: Zoological Society of London, Whipsnade Wild Animal Park, Dunstable, Bedfordshire LU6 2LF, UK.
authors.forename: Edmund J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Flach
authors.affiliation: Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA.
authors.forename: Naomi S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Taus
authors.affiliation: North Carolina Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, Rollins Laboratory, Raleigh, NC 27699, USA.
authors.forename: Jim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooley
authors.affiliation: Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA.
authors.forename: Janice
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: George C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Russell
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.|Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA.
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Knowles
authors.affiliation: Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, UK.
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Haig
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: J Lindsay
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Oaks
authors.affiliation: Animal Diseases Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3003 ADBF, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6630, USA.
authors.forename: Donald L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Traul
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
authors.forename: Timothy B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Crawford
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D018144:Rhadinovirus / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D012418:Ruminants / Q000821:virology*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA