title: Modifications of orientational dependence of microscopic magnetic resonance imaging T(2) anisotropy in compressed articular cartilage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the compression-induced changes in the orientational characteristics in T(2) anisotropy of articular cartilage using microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (microMRI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Six beagle specimens were subjected to various levels of strain (0% to 27%) and were imaged at a minimum of two orientations (0 degrees and 55 degrees ). Two specimens at 14% and 27% strain were imaged at every 5 degrees increment over the first quadrant of the angular space. Quantitative two-dimensional T(2) images and three-dimensional T(2) anisotropy maps of cartilage were constructed at a 19.8-microm in-depth resolution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The load-induced laminar appearance of cartilage at the magic angle became more distinct as the strain level increased. T(2) anisotropy maps of cartilage at 14% and 27% strain exhibited load-induced modifications in the collagen fibril ultrastructure, with a new peak toward the cartilage-bone interface and alterations to orientational dependence of T(2) anisotropy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinct alternations in the orientational dependence of microMRI T(2) anisotropy reflect the organizational modification of the collagen matrix due to external loading. This approach could become useful in detecting changes in cartilage's macromolecular structure due to injury or diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA.
authors.forename: Hisham A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Alhadlaq
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Xia
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D016880:Anisotropy; D016477:Artifacts; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D019245:Compressive Strength / Q000502:physiology; D004285:Dogs; D004548:Elasticity; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013312:Stress, Physiological; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology*