title: Acute encephalopathy associated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.
abstract: Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is useful against various immune system disorders and viral infections. It is generally safe, and serious adverse reactions are uncommon. We report a rare case of acute encephalopathy following intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for human herpes virus 6 infection in a child. MR imaging findings suggest that the dominant causative mechanism of acute encephalopathy is cytotoxic edema, and the findings indicate 2 primary mechanisms. Reversibility of the restriction of water diffusion (low apparent diffusion coefficient value) on diffusion-weighted MR imaging suggests intramyelinic edema in the myelin sheath, and an increase of glutamate and glutamine complex peak on MR spectroscopy suggests excitotoxic injury to the neurons and astrocytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Kazushige
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fukuba
authors.forename: Nobue
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitagaki
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D002675:Child, Preschool; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D006801:Humans; D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008582:Meningitis, Aseptic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D016756:Immunoglobulins, Intravenous