Calorie restriction promotes mitochondrial biogenesis by inducing the expression of eNOS.
Calorie restriction extends life span in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Here, we report that calorie restriction for either 3 or 12 months induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate formation in various tissues of male mice. This was accompanied by mitochondrial biogenesis, with increased oxygen consumption and adenosine triphosphate production, and an enhanced expression of sirtuin 1. These effects were strongly attenuated in eNOS null-mutant mice. Thus, nitric oxide plays a fundamental role in the processes induced by calorie restriction and may be involved in the extension of life span in mammals.
Nisoli
Enzo
E
Integrated Laboratories Network, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milan University, 20157 Milan, Italy. enzo.nisoli@unimi.it
Tonello
Cristina
C
Cardile
Annalisa
A
Cozzi
Valeria
V
Bracale
Renata
R
Tedesco
Laura
L
Falcone
Sestina
S
Valerio
Alessandra
A
Cantoni
Orazio
O
Clementi
Emilio
E
Moncada
Salvador
S
Carruba
Michele O
MO
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D031204:Caloric Restriction; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008017:Life Expectancy; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000502:physiology*; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins / Q000096:biosynthesis
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; C496315:Nos3 protein, mouse; C470545:Sirt1 protein, mouse; D056564:Sirtuin 1; D037761:Sirtuins; D020558:GTP Phosphohydrolases; C488750:Mfn1 protein, mouse; C488751:Mfn2 protein, mouse