title: A bovine protocol for training professionals in preimplantation genetic diagnosis using polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a bovine protocol for training in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) using PCR.
  
  
  METHODS
  Randomized study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human reproduction PCR laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cow ovaries obtained from slaughterhouses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ovaries were punctured and the oocytes were matured and submitted to in vitro fertilization. On the third day after fertilization, the embryos were biopsied and 1-2 blastomeres removed. A blastomere and the rest of the embryo were submitted to PCR for sex determination.
  
  
  METHODS
  Establishment of a possible training protocol.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 50 embryos and 50 biopsied blastomeres were submitted to DNA amplification for sexing. Of the 50 embryos, 41 (82%) achieved successful DNA amplification and 9 (18%) did not. Of the 50 biopsies, 31 (62%) amplified and 19 (38%) did not. In 27 (65.9%) of the 41 embryos with DNA amplification, sex was identified as female and in 14 (34.1%) as male. In 40 cases (80%) amplification and sex determination were successful in both embryos and blastomeres. Sex was identical in all these cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This training model seems to be useful in identifying mistakes and difficulties and improving the professional's performance in the various stages of preimplantation genetic diagnosis.
authors.affiliation: Materbaby--Reprodução Humana e Genética, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. almodin@materbaby.com.br
authors.forename: Carlos Gilberto
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Almodin
authors.forename: Antonio Fernandes
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Moron
authors.forename: Luiz
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kulay
authors.forename: Vânia Cibele
authors.initials: VC
authors.lastname: Minguetti-Câmara
authors.forename: Andréa Cristina
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Moraes
authors.forename: Maria Regina
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Torloni
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004517:Education, Professional / Q000379:methods; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017056:Medical Laboratory Personnel / Q000193:education*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D019836:Preimplantation Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D019849:Sex Determination Processes; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods