title: Low-level expression of proapoptotic Bcl-2-interacting mediator in leukemic cells in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: role of BCR/ABL, characterization of underlying signaling pathways, and reexpression by novel pharmacologic compounds.
abstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative disease in which BCR/ABL enhances survival of leukemic cells through modulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic molecules. Recent data suggest that proapoptotic Bcl-2-interacting mediator (Bim) plays a role as a tumor suppressor in myeloid cells, and that leukemic cells express only low amounts of this cell death activator. We here show that primary CML cells express significantly lower amounts of bim mRNA and Bim protein compared with normal cells. The BCR/ABL inhibitors imatinib and AMN107 were found to promote expression of Bim in CML cells. To provide direct evidence for the role of BCR/ABL in Bim modulation, we employed Ba/F3 cells with doxycycline-inducible expression of BCR/ABL and found that BCR/ABL decreases expression of bim mRNA and Bim protein in these cells. The BCR/ABL-induced decrease in expression of Bim was found to be a posttranscriptional event that depended on signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and was abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Interestingly, MG132 up-regulated the expression of bim mRNA and Bim protein and suppressed the growth of Ba/F3 cells containing wild-type BCR/ABL or imatinib-resistant mutants of BCR/ABL. To show functional significance of "Bim reexpression," a Bim-specific small interfering RNA was applied and found to rescue BCR/ABL-transformed leukemic cells from imatinib-induced cell death. In summary, our data identify BCR/ABL as a Bim suppressor in CML cells and suggest that reexpression of Bim by novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors, proteasome inhibition, or by targeting signaling pathways downstream of BCR/ABL may be an attractive therapeutic approach in imatinib-resistant CML.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology- the Center of Excellence in Clinical and Experimental Oncology.
authors.forename: Karl J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Aichberger
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayerhofer
authors.forename: Maria-Theresa
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Krauth
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vales
authors.forename: Rudin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kondo
authors.forename: Sophia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Derdak
authors.forename: Winfried F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Pickl
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Selzer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deininger
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Druker
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sillaber
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Esterbauer
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Valent
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D001549:Benzamides; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D048708:Cell Growth Processes / Q000187:drug effects; D015536:Down-Regulation; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D020014:K562 Cells; D015464:Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000187:drug effects; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex / Q000378:metabolism; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000235:genetics; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C000606775:BCL2L11 protein, human; D000072224:Bcl-2-Like Protein 11; D001549:Benzamides; D007976:Leupeptins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010879:Piperazines; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D000068877:Imatinib Mesylate; D016044:Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; D046988:Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex; C498826:nilotinib; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde