title: Temporal stability of ambulatory stroke volume and cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography.
abstract: Recently, devices have become available that allow non-invasive measurement of stroke volume and cardiac output through ambulatory thorax impedance recording. If such recordings have adequate temporal stability, they offer great potential to further our understanding of how repeated or chronic cardiovascular activation in response to naturalistic events may contribute to cardiovascular disease. In this study, 24 h ambulatory impedance-derived systolic time intervals, stroke volume and cardiac output were measured in 65 healthy subjects across an average time span of 3 years and 4 months. Stability was computed separately for sleep and daytime recordings. To avoid confounding by differences in posture and physical activity across measurement days, temporal stability was computed using sitting activities only. During the day intraclass correlations were moderate for stroke volume (.29-.46) and cardiac output (.33-.46) and good for systolic time intervals (.55-.81). When test-retest comparison was limited to two comparable days (two work days or two leisure days), correlations for both SV (.42-.46) and CO (.43-.50) improved.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Moderate long-term temporal stability is found for individual differences in ambulatory stroke volume and cardiac output measured by impedance cardiography.
authors.affiliation: Vrije Universiteit, Department of Biological Psychology, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. ad.goedhart@psy.vu.nl
authors.forename: Annebet D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Goedhart
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kupper
authors.forename: Gonneke
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Willemsen
authors.forename: Dorret I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Boomsma
authors.forename: Eco J C
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: de Geus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance / Q000379:methods*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000502:physiology*; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors