title: Acute effects of ethanol on hippocampal long-term potentiation and long-term depression are mediated by different mechanisms.
abstract: To determine potential mechanisms contributing to ethanol-induced cognitive impairment, we examined acute effects of ethanol on hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and forms of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory processing. In the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices, ethanol partially inhibited N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-mediated synaptic responses at concentrations up to 180 mM. The block of synaptic N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors by 60mM ethanol occluded the effects of 10 microM ifenprodil, an agent that has relative selectivity for N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressing NR1 and NR2B subunits. Ethanol did not occlude the effects of a low concentration of 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, an antagonist with less N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtype selectivity. Recent studies indicate that ifenprodil and other NR2B-selective antagonists inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term depression but not long-term potentiation. We found that ethanol reversibly inhibited long-term depression in a manner consistent with its effects on synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Ethanol also inhibited the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent long-term potentiation, but the actions on long-term potentiation were complex and largely irreversible over the time course of our experiments. Furthermore, ethanol inhibited a form of long-term potentiation induced by very high frequency stimulation that does not depend on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. The effects of ethanol on both forms of long-term potentiation, but not on long-term depression, were at least partially reversed by block of GABA type A receptors with picrotoxin. These results indicate that pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol exert preferential effects on a subtype of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in the CA1 hippocampal region. Inhibition of synaptic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors appears to contribute strongly to ethanol-mediated long-term depression inhibition, but effects on long-term potentiation are complex, involving, at least partially, changes in GABAergic transmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Izumi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagashima
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murayama
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Zorumski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D000431:Ethanol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018756:GABA Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D017774:Long-Term Potentiation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010852:Picrotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D000431:Ethanol; D018756:GABA Antagonists; D010852:Picrotoxin; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate