title: Pak4 induces premature senescence via a pathway requiring p16INK4/p19ARF and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.
abstract: Exposure of primary cells to mitogenic stimuli or oncogenes often causes them to undergo premature senescence. This is most likely a protective function that prevents uncontrolled proliferation. Pak4 is a target for the Rho GTPase Cdc42. Pak4 is overexpressed in human tumor cell lines, and it is the only member of the Pak family that is highly transforming in immortalized fibroblasts. Here we show that in primary fibroblasts, activated Pak4 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes premature senescence. Furthermore, Pak4 expression levels are upregulated in response to stimuli that promote senescence. Pak4-induced arrest appears to be mediated by a pathway that requires the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase, as well as the cell cycle inhibitors p16(INK4) and p19(ARF). These new results describing a role for Pak4 in senescence are important for understanding why this protein is associated with cancer and how it promotes transformation in immortalized cells.
authors.affiliation: Columbia University, Biological Sciences MC 2460, Sherman Fairchild Center, Room 813, 1212 Amsterdam Ave., New York, NY 10027, USA.
authors.forename: Marta S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Cammarano
authors.forename: Tanya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nekrasova
authors.forename: Beatrice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Noel
authors.forename: Audrey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minden
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016922:Cellular Senescence / Q000502:physiology*; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases
chemical_list: C417743:Cdkn2a protein, mouse; D019941:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; D025803:Tumor Suppressor Protein p14ARF; C492065:Pak4 protein, mouse; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D054462:p21-Activated Kinases; D048049:Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases