title: Patient- and bed partner-reported symptoms, smoking, and nasal resistance in sleep-disordered breathing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nocturnal and daytime symptoms are important determinants in clinical decision making in patients suspected of having sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). We compared patients' and bed partners' reporting of symptoms associated with SDB in a clinical sample of snoring men. The bed partners' view on snoring disturbance was assessed. The relationship between sleep parameters, anthropometric data, and selected subjective symptoms was assessed. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between smoking, nasal resistance, and habitual snoring.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional, prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University teaching hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven consecutive snoring men referred to ENT Hospital because of a snoring problem or suspicion of sleep apnea, and scheduled for surgical treatment of nasal obstruction.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients completed a sleep questionnaire, a questionnaire on nasal history, and the Epworth sleepiness scale. The bed partners were asked to complete a separate sleep questionnaire of the patient's daytime and nocturnal symptoms. Both patients and bed partners evaluated the intensity of snoring on a visual analog scale. The patients underwent polysomnography and anterior rhinomanometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Agreement of patients' and bed partners' reports on symptoms related to SDB was good in this material. One half of the bed partners were disturbed by snoring every night or almost every night, and one third of the bed partners reported disharmony in the relationship from time to time or repeatedly due to snoring. The combination of current smoking and total nasal resistance in a supine position higher than the median value in this patient sample was associated with history of habitual snoring.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Male patients and their bed partners seem to give congruent reports of snoring and symptoms related to SDB in a clinical population with mild SDB. One half of the bed partners found their sleep constantly disturbed. The combination of current smoking and high nasal resistance was related with habitual snoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Peijas Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. paula.virkkula@hus.fi
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Virkkula
authors.forename: Adel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bachour
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hytönen
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: Tapani
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maasilta
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D017533:Marital Status; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D017286:Polysomnography; D012119:Respiration; D012890:Sleep / Q000502:physiology*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012913:Snoring / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen