title: CPU 86017, p-chlorobenzyltetrahydroberberine chloride, attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension by suppressing endothelin pathway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the involvement of the endothelin (ET) pathway in the pathogenesis of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the therapeutic effect of CPU 86017 (p-chlorobenzyltetrahydroberberine chloride) in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Rats were injected with a single dose (60 mg/kg, sc) of MCT and given CPU 86017 (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg-1/d-1, po) or saline for 28 d. The hemodynamics, mRNA expression, and vascular activity were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Right ventricular systolic pressure and central venous pressures were elevated markedly in the PAH model and decreased by CPU 86017. In the PAH group, the endothelin-1 (ET-1) in serum and lungs was dramatically increased by 54% (79.9 pg/mL, P<0.01) and 93% (166.2 pg/mL, P<0.01), and mRNA levels of preproET-1, eNOS, and iNOS also increased dramatically compared with control. Compared with PAH group, CPU 86017 decreased the content of ET-1 to the normal level in lung tissue, but was less effective in serum. The level of NO was significantly increased in CPU 86017 at 80 and 40 mg/kg-1/d-1 groups in tissue, whereas the difference in serum was not significant. A significant reduction in MDA production and an increase in the SOD activity in the serum and lungs was observed in all three CPU 86017 groups. CPU 86017 80 mg/kg-1/d-1 po increased the activity of cNOS by 33% (P<0.01). The up-regulation of eNOS and iNOS mRNA levels induced by MCT was significantly reversed in 3 CPU 86017 groups, and preproET-1 mRNA abundance was also reduced notably in CPU 86017 80 mg/kg-1/d-1 group vs the PAH group. The KCl-induced vasoconstrictions in the calcium-free medium decreased markedly in PAH group but recovered partially after CPU 86017 intervention. The constrictions in the presence of Ca(2+) was not improved by CPU 86017. The phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictions in the calcium-free medium decreased markedly in PAH group but not recovered after CPU 86017 intervention. The constrictions in the presence of Ca(2+) completely returned to the normal after CPU 86017 intervention.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CPU 86017 suppressed MCT-induced PAH mainly through an indirect suppression of the ET-1 system, which was involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
authors.forename: Tian-tai
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: De-zai
authors.initials: DZ
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Su
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019332:Endothelin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D016686:Monocrotaline; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C400084:4-chlorobenzyltetrahydroberberine; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D019332:Endothelin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D001599:Berberine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016686:Monocrotaline; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D052250:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III