title: Anti-oxidative effects of pomegranate juice (PJ) consumption by diabetic patients on serum and on macrophages.
abstract: Diabetes is associated with increased oxidative stress and atherosclerosis development. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pomegranate juice (PJ; which contains sugars and potent anti-oxidants) consumption by diabetic patients on blood diabetic parameters, and on oxidative stress in their serum and macrophages. Ten healthy subjects (controls) and 10 non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients who consumed PJ (50ml per day for 3 months) participated in the study. In the patients versus controls serum levels of lipid peroxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were both increased, by 350% and 51%, respectively, whereas serum SH groups content and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity, were both decreased (by 23%). PJ consumption did not affect serum glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but it resulted in a significant reduction in serum lipid peroxides and TBARS levels by 56% and 28%, whereas serum SH groups and PON1 activity significantly increased by 12% and 24%, respectively. In the patients versus controls monocytes-derived macrophages (HMDM), we observed increased level of cellular peroxides (by 36%), and decreased glutathione content (by 64%). PJ consumption significantly reduced cellular peroxides (by 71%), and increased glutathione levels (by 141%) in the patients' HMDM. The patients' versus control HMDM took up oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) at enhanced rate (by 37%) and PJ consumption significantly decreased the extent of Ox-LDL cellular uptake (by 39%). We thus conclude that PJ consumption by diabetic patients did not worsen the diabetic parameters, but rather resulted in anti-oxidative effects on serum and macrophages, which could contribute to attenuation of atherosclerosis development in these patients.
authors.affiliation: The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Rambam Medical Center, 31096 Haifa, Israel.
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rosenblat
authors.forename: Tony
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayek
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aviram
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D002096:C-Peptide / Q000097:blood; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D029561:Lythraceae; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D059808:Polyphenols; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D002096:C-Peptide; D002241:Carbohydrates; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D005419:Flavonoids; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D059808:Polyphenols; D014280:Triglycerides; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein