title: Chronic administration of the delta opioid receptor agonist (+)BW373U86 and antidepressants on behavior in the forced swim test and BDNF mRNA expression in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Selective delta opioid receptor agonists have been shown to produce antidepressant-like behavioral effects and increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression when given acutely, but the chronic effects of delta agonists have been less well characterized.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study examined the effects of chronic exposure to the delta agonist (+)BW373U86 (BW) on antidepressant-like behavior in the forced swim test and on BDNF mRNA expression in comparison to chronic treatment with the antidepressants fluoxetine, desipramine, bupropion, and tranylcypromine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sprague-Dawley rats were treated chronic ally with one of the above treatments and were tested for antidepressant effects in the forced swim test, and assayed for BDNF mRNA expression by in situ hybridization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acute administration of 10 mg/kg BW produced a significant antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test, while chronic (8- or 21-day) BW administration did not produce a significant antidepressant-like effect. When 10 mg/kg BW was administered for 8 days, it produced a significant increase in BDNF mRNA expression in the frontal cortex, while having no effect on BDNF expression when given for 21 days. Chronic bupropion and desipramine significantly decreased BDNF expression in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, while fluoxetine had no effect in any brain region. Chronic tranylcypromine produced a significant increase in BDNF expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Chronic exposure to BW produces tolerance to most effects, although at differential rates. In addition, increased BDNF mRNA expression does not appear to be a common effect of chronic administration of various antidepressants.
authors.affiliation: Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0632, USA.
authors.forename: Mary M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Torregrossa
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Folk
authors.forename: Kenner C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: Stanley J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: James H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Woods
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001549:Benzamides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016642:Bupropion / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002540:Cerebral Cortex / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003891:Desipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005473:Fluoxetine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D010879:Piperazines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000819:agonists*; D013550:Swimming; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D001549:Benzamides; D019208:Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; D010879:Piperazines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D005473:Fluoxetine; D016642:Bupropion; C083877:BW 373U86; D003891:Desipramine