title: Fine-scale processes regulate the response of extreme events to global climate change.
abstract: We find that extreme temperature and precipitation events are likely to respond substantially to anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse forcing and that fine-scale climate system modifiers are likely to play a critical role in the net response. At present, such events impact a wide variety of natural and human systems, and future changes in their frequency and/or magnitude could have dramatic ecological, economic, and sociological consequences. Our results indicate that fine-scale snow albedo effects influence the response of both hot and cold events and that peak increases in extreme hot events are amplified by surface moisture feedbacks. Likewise, we find that extreme precipitation is enhanced on the lee side of rain shadows and over coastal areas dominated by convective precipitation. We project substantial, spatially heterogeneous increases in both hot and wet events over the contiguous United States by the end of the next century, suggesting that consideration of fine-scale processes is critical for accurate assessment of local- and regional-scale vulnerability to climate change.
authors.affiliation: Purdue Climate Change Research Center and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-5201, USA. diffenbaugh@purdue.edu
authors.forename: Noah S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Diffenbaugh
authors.forename: Jeremy S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Pal
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Trapp
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giorgi
mesh_terms: D002980:Climate; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005843:Geography; D006358:Hot Temperature; D011891:Rain; D012914:Snow; D013696:Temperature; D014481:United States