title: Urinary storage symptoms and comorbidities: a prospective population cohort study in middle-aged and older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  to identify predictive morbidities for urinary storage syndromes including indicators for neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immune, lower bowel and psychological systems. This is the first study to test prior hypotheses, based on a literature review.
  
  
  METHODS
  this was a prospective cohort study involving 12,570 female respondents aged 40 or more registered with general practitioners and living at home in Leicestershire. Postal questionnaires were used at baseline and 1-year follow-up (response rates 65 and 79%, respectively).
  
  
  METHODS
  pure stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) were defined using standardised symptom indicators. Specific morbidities included reported medical diagnoses, standardised symptoms and general health indicators. Associations were identified using logistic regression, adjusting for age and physical impairment, with separate models for general and specific morbidities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  multivariate morbidities consistently associated (i.e. both longitudinally and cross-sectionally) were SUI-cystitis and obesity; and OAB-bowel urgency, osteoporosis, imbalance, ankle swelling, cystitis, poor health and old age. Other independent predictors were SUI-multiple sclerosis and joint pain; and OAB-deep vein thrombosis and diabetes. Consistent univariate indicators supported neurological, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immunological and psychological connections with both types of storage disorder plus an association with lower bowel problems for OAB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  abnormal urinary storage symptoms were predicted by obesity and poor general health, involving a range of systems of the body. OAB showed more extensive links than SUI with specific morbidities, including more medically diagnosed as opposed to symptom-based conditions. These findings were independent of problems with physical impairment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, 22-28 Princess Road West, Leicester LE1 6TP, UK. cm45@le.ac.uk
authors.forename: Catherine W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: McGrother
authors.forename: Madeleine M K
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayward
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Matthews
authors.forename: Helen M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Dallosso
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hyde
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D015995:Prevalence; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*