title: Cerebral blood flow thresholds for mRNA synthesis after focal ischemia and the effect of MK-801.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  MK-801 is a noncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype glutamate receptors with protective efficacy in experimental stroke. This study examined the impact of MK-801 on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and its relationship to gene expression changes during focal ischemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  Spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to surgical occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and ipsilateral common carotid artery after 30 minutes pretreatment with 5 mg/kg MK-801 or saline vehicle. After 2.5 hours of ischemia, regional CBF was evaluated by [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography and compared with distributions of gene expression changes evaluated by in situ hybridization detection of mRNAs encoding several immediate-early genes and the stress protein, hsp72.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MK-801 increased CBF in contralateral cortex from 93+/-15 to 187+/-37 mL/100 g per minute and produced a significant 25% reduction in the volume of ischemic cortex ipsilateral to occlusion. The extent of cortex failing to express inducible mRNAs correspondingly decreased, but the CBF threshold for mRNA synthesis remained unchanged (25 to 30 mL/100 g per minute). Widespread immediate-early gene expression in the neocortex became restricted to periinfarct regions after MK-801 treatment, and hybridization patterns in the striatum and hippocampus reflected the altered topography of cortical activation after drug treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MK-801 alters ischemia-induced gene expression by 2 distinct mechanisms. Generalized increases in CBF reduce the volume of cortex falling below ischemic injury thresholds, protecting tissue and facilitating transcription of inducible genes proximal to the ischemic focus. In addition, MK-801 attenuates the signals that induce expression of immediate-early genes in cortical and subcortical regions remote from the middle cerebral artery territory.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
authors.forename: Tatsushi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jacewicz
authors.forename: Thaddeus S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Pulsinelli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001776:Blood Circulation Time; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D017781:Genes, Immediate-Early; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism; D017403:In Situ Hybridization; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient; D020768:Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000473:pathology; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016194:Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; D016291:Dizocilpine Maleate