title: Comparison of galantamine and donepezil for effects on nerve growth factor, cholinergic markers, and memory performance in aged rats.
abstract: This study was designed to determine 1) whether repeated exposures to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) galantamine (GAL) or donepezil (DON) resulted in positive effects on nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors, cholinergic proteins, and cognitive function in the aged rat, and 2) whether GAL had any advantages over DON given its allosteric potentiating ligand (APL) activity at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Behavioral tests (i.e., water maze and light/dark box) were conducted in aged Fisher 344 rats during 15 days of repeated (subcutaneous) exposure to either GAL (3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg/day) or DON (0.375 or 0.75 mg/kg/day). Forty-eight hours after the last drug injection, cholinergic receptors were measured by [(125)I]-(+/-)-exo-2-(2-iodo-5-pyridyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane ([(125)I]IPH; epibatidine analog), (125)I-alpha-bungarotoxin ((125)I-BTX), [(3)H]pirenzepine ([(3)H]PRZ), and [(3)H]-5,11-dihydro-11-[((2-(2-((dipropylamino)methyl)-1-piperidinyl)ethyl)amino)carbonyl]-6H-pyrido(2,3-b)(1,4)-benzodiazepin-6-one methanesulfonate ([(3)H]AFDX-384, or [(3)H]AFX) autoradiography. Immunochemical methods were used to measure NGF, high (TrkA and phospho-TrkA)- and low (p75 neurotrophin receptor)-affinity NGF receptors, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) in memory-related brain regions. Depending on dose, both GAL and DON enhanced spatial learning (without affecting anxiety levels) and increased [(125)I]IPH, [(3)H]PRZ, and [(3)H]AFX (but decreased (125)I-BTX) binding in some cortical and hippocampal brain regions. Neither AChEI was associated with marked changes in NGF, NGF receptors, or VAChT, although DON did moderately increase ChAT in the basal forebrain and hippocampus. The results suggest that repeated exposures to either GAL or DON results in positive (and sustained) behavioral and cholinergic effects in the aged mammalian brain but that the APL activity of GAL may not afford any advantage over acetylcholinesterase inhibition alone.
authors.affiliation: Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, 30912, USA.
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Hernandez
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Gearhart
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Parikh
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Hohnadel
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Middlemore
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Warsi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Waller
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Terry
mesh_terms: D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000097:blood; D000375:Aging / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000077265:Donepezil; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005702:Galantamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007189:Indans / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008297:Male; D018782:Maze Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D010880:Piperidines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic / Q000378:metabolism*; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D010880:Piperidines; D011950:Receptors, Cholinergic; D050494:Vesicular Acetylcholine Transport Proteins; D005702:Galantamine; D000077265:Donepezil; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D002795:Choline O-Acetyltransferase; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase