title: Reversible electrochemical detection of nonelectroactive polyions.
abstract: Selective extraction principles for the recognition of nonelectroactive polyions such as heparin and protamine exist, but the high ionic valency renders the extraction process irreversible. A response principle for the reversible detection of such polyions is proposed here. The extraction of the polyionic analyte to the membrane and its subsequent back-extraction is now controlled electrochemically. The principle is established with a protamine electrode, and excellent stability and reproducibility are demonstrated. This method has important implications for the design of chemical recognition principles for polyionic analytes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
authors.forename: Alexey
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shvarev
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bakker
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004563:Electrochemistry; D004566:Electrodes; D006493:Heparin / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011479:Protamines / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D017186:Titrimetry
chemical_list: D011479:Protamines; D006493:Heparin