Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase is responsible for amidation of retinylamine, a potent inhibitor of the retinoid cycle.
Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) and plays an essential role in the regeneration of visual chromophore as well as in the metabolism of vitamin A. Here we demonstrate that retinylamine (Ret-NH2), a potent and selective inhibitor of 11-cis-retinal biosynthesis (Golczak, M., Kuksa, V., Maeda, T., Moise, A. R., and Palczewski, K. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 102, 8162-8167), is a substrate for LRAT. LRAT catalyzes the transfer of the acyl group onto Ret-NH2 leading to the formation of N-retinylpalmitamide, N-retinylstearamide, and N-retinylmyristamide with a ratio of 15:6:2, respectively. The presence of N-retinylamides was detected in vivo in mice supplemented with Ret-NH2. N-Retinylamides are thus the main metabolites of Ret-NH2 in the liver and the eye and can be mobilized by hydrolysis/deamidation back to Ret-NH2. Using two-photon microscopy and the intrinsic fluorescence of N-retinylamides, we showed that newly formed amides colocalize with the retinyl ester storage particles (retinosomes) in the retinal pigment epithelium. These observations provide new information concerning the substrate specificity of LRAT and explain the prolonged effect of Ret-NH2 on the rate of 11-cis-retinal recovery in vivo.
Golczak
Marcin
M
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington and Acucela Inc., Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Imanishi
Yoshikazu
Y
Kuksa
Vladimir
V
Maeda
Tadao
T
Kubota
Ryo
R
Palczewski
Krzysztof
K
D000217:Acyltransferases / Q000378:metabolism*; D000577:Amides / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D017931:DNA Primers; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D012176:Retinoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism
D000577:Amides; D017931:DNA Primers; D004224:Diterpenes; D012176:Retinoids; C009167:retinylamine; D000217:Acyltransferases; C056942:lecithin-retinol acyltransferase