title: Increased high risk sexual behavior after September 11 in men who have sex with men: an Internet survey.
abstract: Numerous studies on the mental health effects of terrorist attacks have been published, with some reporting increases in smoking and drug and alcohol use. None have reported on changes in sexual behavior. To investigate the impact of the September 11 attacks on sexual and drug- and alcohol-using behaviors of men who have sex with men (MSM), an anonymous Internet survey was conducted to obtain information retrospectively on behavior during three month periods before and after the attacks. A total of 2,915 MSM from all 50 U.S. states completed the survey. Men who were exposed to the attacks were not differentially targeted for the survey since the online banner ad used to recruit did not mention September 11. Exposure to the attacks varied: 11.4% lost a friend or relative; 5% witnessed the attacks in person; and nearly all saw the attacks on television within one hour of their occurrence. Nearly equal proportions of men reported increases and decreases in the number of sex partners following September 11. Small, statistically significant increases in unprotected anal intercourse and alcohol use, but not illicit drug use, were found when behavior after September 11 was compared to that before the attacks. Men who lost a friend or relative in the attacks were significantly more likely to report unprotected anal intercourse, an increased number of sex partners, and increased alcohol use after September 11 than those who did not. Counseling about substance abuse and risky sexual behavior should be incorporated into trauma-related programs for adolescents and adults.
authors.affiliation: Medical and Health Research Association of New York City, Inc., NY 10013, USA. machiasson@mhra.org
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Chiasson
authors.forename: Sabina
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hirshfield
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Humberstone
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Difilippi
authors.forename: Beryl A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Koblin
authors.forename: Robert H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Remien
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003376:Counseling / Q000592:standards; D018451:Homosexuality, Male / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D020407:Internet; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012309:Risk-Taking; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology; D020018:Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*