title: Adaptation of a PAM-fluorometer for remote sensing of chlorophyll fluorescence.
abstract: The Laser-PAM described in this paper is an adaptation of the PAM 101 fluorometer (Heinz Walz, Effeltrich, Germany) designed for remote sensing and non-invasive laboratory measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence. It is based on a 5 mW laser diode, emitting at 638 nm, and a Fresnel lens coupled to the ED-101 detection unit. Due to these modifications, measurements can be performed at a distance ranging from 0.3 to 2 m. The ED-101 detection unit has been modified to perform simultaneous measurements of both modulated fluorescence and light reflected by the leaf. Reflected light showed a good estimation of the photosynthetically active radiation measured exactly at the same area as the fluorescence. A particular advantage of the Laser-PAM fluorometer is its suitability for remote measurements under field conditions. Simultaneous fluorescence and gas-exchange measurements, performed on grapevine leaves, are reported as an example of an application for the Laser-PAM.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation du Rayonnement Electromagnétique/CNRS, Bât 203, Centre Universitaire Paris-Sud, B.P. 34, 91898, Orsay cedex, France, ounis@lure.u-psud.fr.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ounis
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Evain
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Flexas
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tosti
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Moya