title: Imaging diagnosis: acute lung injury following massive bee envenomation in a dog.
abstract: A 5-year-old neutered male mixed breed dog presented for increased respiratory effort after being stung by over 100 bees and developing anaphylactic shock. Given the history, clinical signs and thoracic radiographic findings of a mild bilateral interstitial pattern, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was suspected. Further testing was performed to support this diagnosis. On computed tomographic images, there was a diffuse bilateral opacification of the lungs, with preservation of bronchial and vascular margins. Pulmonary function testing indicated decreased pulmonary compliance, decreased diffusion capacity and decreased functional residual capacity. These results supported the diagnosis of ALI/ARDS secondary to bee sting envenomation and development of anaphylactic shock. After 8 days of treatment with oxygen, steroids, antibiotics, and bronchodilators the dog improved. This case demonstrates the usefulness of computed tomography and pulmonary function testing in the diagnosis of ALI/ARDS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Amy S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tidwell
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Rozanski
authors.forename: Armelle
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: DeLaforcade
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001516:Bees; D001733:Bites and Stings / Q000150:complications / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D008297:Male; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed