title: Endoscopic antireflux procedures: a good wrap?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is prevalent worldwide. Until recently patients and physicians have had a choice between long-term medical therapy, usually in the form of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), or surgical fundoplication. During the past several years, endoscopic antireflux therapies have been approved for GERD patients to potentially obviate the risks of surgery and avoid long-term medication use. The objective of this review was to critically evaluate existing literature on endoscopic antireflux therapies with regards to efficacy and safety.
  
  
  METHODS
  A review of human studies by using Pub Med was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Injectable LES implants, endoscopically placed gastric plications, and radio frequency energy application to the LES comprise the 3 modes of antireflux therapies. These techniques received approval by the Food and Drug Administration on the basis of symptomatic evidence supplied by numerous uncontrolled trials. As a group, these techniques have demonstrated efficacy less than medical and surgical options, and yet they carry a rare but significant risk of serious complications and even death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The field is still evolving at this stage, and there is a need for more randomized sham and placebo-controlled trials to better define the subjective and objective outcomes of these endoscopic procedures. At this time endoscopic antireflux procedures should be used with caution after discussing risks and benefits with the patient.
authors.affiliation: Section of Gastroenterology, Southern Arizona VA Health Care System and University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, 3601 S. 6th Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85723, USA.
authors.forename: Donald E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Wakelin
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sampliner
mesh_terms: D017115:Catheter Ablation / Q000009:adverse effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000601:surgery; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans