title: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma arising in a background of focal nodular hyperplasia: a report of 2 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fibrolamellar carcinoma, a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, and focal nodular hyperplasia, a benign lesion, are rare hepatic lesions that are known to occur in young women with noncirrhotic livers. Some have suggested that fibrolamellar carcinoma might be the malignant counterpart of focal nodular hyperplasia. The coexistence of the 2 lesions is very rare.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two cases of fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma arising in a background of focal nodular hyperplasia followed long-term oral contraception, and 1 of the 2 occurred during pregnancy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Distinguishing fibrolamellar carcinoma from focal nodular hyperplasia has important implications for treatment and prognosis. One should be aware of such conditions, especially in patients with a long history of oral contraception.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City 66160, USA.
authors.forename: Marwa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imkie
authors.forename: Stephen A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Fang
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Bennett
authors.forename: Jameson
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Forster
authors.forename: Ossama
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Tawfik
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D011247:Pregnancy; D011252:Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral