title: p63 correlates with both BRCA1 and cytokeratin 5 in invasive breast carcinomas: further evidence for the pathogenesis of the basal phenotype of breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the expression of p63, cytokeratin (CK) 5 and CK8/18 in invasive ductal carcinomas and their relationship with BRCA1 and other pathological and immunohistochemical features of clinical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunohistochemistry with the antibodies p63, CK5, CK8/18, BRCA1, oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, p53, c-erbB-2 and Ki67 was performed in 102 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of invasive ductal carcinomas. The CK5+ cases were submitted to a double-immunolabelling study with p63. There was a strong relationship between CK5 and p63 expression and both markers were associated with hormonal receptor-negative high-grade carcinomas with high proliferative rate. Furthermore, there was coexpression of CK5 and p63 in neoplastic cells, indicating that p63, like CK5, is a marker of the basal phenotype of breast cancer. There was a strong relationship between reduced expression of BRCA1 with both p63 and CK5 expression as well as an inverse correlation between p63 and CK8/18 expression, suggesting that loss of p63 expression is required for the transition between a basal to a luminal phenotype of breast carcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since p63 is thought to be a marker of stem cells and may act as an oncogene, our data support the idea that BRCA1 acts as stem cell regulator.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil. arsilva@fmrp.usp.br
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ribeiro-Silva
authors.forename: L N Z
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Ramalho
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Brandão
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chahud
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zucoloto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019313:BRCA1 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018270:Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005260:Female; D016147:Genes, Tumor Suppressor; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007633:Keratins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins
chemical_list: D019313:BRCA1 Protein; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C115051:TP63 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D007633:Keratins