[Polycystic ovarian syndrome and diabetes].
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine condition in women of fertile age. The syndrome is associated with insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and diabetes. This paper reviews the association between polycystic ovary syndrome and diabetes; implications for clinical practice are suggested.


METHODS
The review is based on Medline searches, our own studies, and clinical experience.


RESULTS
Polycystic ovary syndrome is present in one third of women with type 1 diabetes and in almost half of all women with type 2 diabetes. In women with polycystic ovary syndrome, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes is considerably increased and gestational diabetes may occur in as many as 40%. In women with previous gestational diabetes, the risk of type 2 diabetes as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome is increased.


CONCLUSIONS
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes and should be followed up accordingly. Pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome should have an oral glucose tolerance test as soon as the pregnancy has been confirmed. The procedure should be repeated at gestational weeks 20 and 32. Treatment with metformin should be initiated in women with type 2 diabetes who want to conceive. For the same reason metformin may also be initiated in women with type 1 diabetes.
Carlsen
Sven M
SM
Institutt for samfunnsmedisin, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Medisinsk teknisk forskningssenter, 7489 Trondheim. sven.carlsen@ntnu.no
Salvesen
Kjell A
KA
Vanky
Eszter
E
Fougner
Kristian J
KJ
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000150:complications*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology*; D016640:Diabetes, Gestational / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors