title: Distribution and determinants of serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein in a population of young adults: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) is a suggested risk marker for cardiovascular disease. We aimed at investigating the distribution and determinants of CRP levels in young adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 2,120 participants aged 24-39 years. Main outcome measures. Distribution of CRP, and the relationship between CRP and risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CRP concentration (mean+/-SD) was 1.43+/-3.26 mg L(-1) in men, 1.36+/-2.36 mg L(-1) in women who did not use oral contraceptives (OC) and 3.69+/-6.01 mg L(-1) in women who used OCs. In total, 8.8% of men, 10.3% of non-OC user women and 35.3% of OC user women had CRP concentration >3 mg L(-1) (recommended cut-off point of high risk for cardiovascular disease). In univariate analysis, CRP was associated with obesity indices and physical activity amongst both sexes. In men, the multivariate correlates of CRP included waist circumference (P<0.0001), smoking (<0.0001) and HDL cholesterol (P=0.024) (inverse association). These three variables explained 21.9% (model R(2)) of the total variation in CRP, waist circumference having the greatest influence (partial R(2)=19.6%). In women, the multivariate correlates of CRP included OC use (P<0.0001), body mass index (BMI) (P<0.0001), triglycerides (<0.0001) and physical activity (P=0.025) (inverse association). These four variables explained 38.2% (model R(2)) of the total variation in CRP, with OC use (partial R(2)=18.4%) and BMI (partial R(2)=18.0%) having the greatest influence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The determinants of CRP level include obesity and smoking in men, and obesity, OC use and physical activity in women. About one in three of healthy women who use OCs have CRP concentration exceeding 3 mg L(-1).
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Chemistry, Satakunta District Hospital, Pori, Finland.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Raitakari
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mansikkaniemi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marniemi
authors.forename: J S A
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Viikari
authors.forename: O T
authors.initials: OT
authors.lastname: Raitakari
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size / Q000502:physiology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011159:Population Surveillance / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D014280:Triglycerides; D002097:C-Reactive Protein