title: Insights into genome plasticity and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria revealed by the complete genome sequence.
abstract: The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causative agent of bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato plants, which leads to economically important yield losses. This pathosystem has become a well-established model for studying bacterial infection strategies. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of the pepper-pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain 85-10, which comprises a 5.17-Mb circular chromosome and four plasmids. The genome has a high G+C content (64.75%) and signatures of extensive genome plasticity. Whole-genome comparisons revealed a gene order similar to both Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and a structure completely different from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total of 548 coding sequences (12.2%) are unique to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. In addition to a type III secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity, the genome of strain 85-10 encodes all other types of protein secretion systems described so far in gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, one of the putative type IV secretion systems encoded on the largest plasmid is similar to the Icm/Dot systems of the human pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. Comparisons with other completely sequenced plant pathogens predicted six novel type III effector proteins and several other virulence factors, including adhesins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and extracellular polysaccharides.
authors.affiliation: Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Genetik, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Thieme
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Koebnik
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bekel
authors.forename: Carolin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Berger
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boch
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Büttner
authors.forename: Camila
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Caldana
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaigalat
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goesmann
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kirchner
authors.forename: Christa
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lanz
authors.forename: Burkhard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Linke
authors.forename: Alice C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: McHardy
authors.forename: Folker
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Meyer
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mittenhuber
authors.forename: Dietrich H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Nies
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Niesbach-Klösgen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Patschkowski
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rückert
authors.forename: Oliver
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schneiker
authors.forename: Stephan C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Frank-Jörg
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Vorhölter
authors.forename: Ernst
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pühler
authors.forename: Ulla
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bonas
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bartels
authors.forename: Olaf
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001482:Base Composition; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016997:Coxiella burnetii / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D023061:Gene Order; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors