title: Inhibition of mTOR with sirolimus slows disease progression in Han:SPRD rats with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by dysregulated tubular epithelial cell growth, resulting in the formation of multiple renal cysts and progressive renal failure. To date, there is no effective treatment for ADPKD. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an atypical protein kinase and a central controller of cell growth and proliferation. We examined the effect of the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus (rapamycin) on renal functional loss and cyst progression in the Han:SPRD rat model of ADPKD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five-week-old male heterozygous cystic (Cy/+) and wild-type normal (+/+) rats were administered sirolimus (2 mg/kg/day) orally through the drinking water for 3 months. The renal function was monitored throughout the treatment phase, and rats were sacrificed thereafter. Kidneys were analysed histomorphometrically, and for the expression and phosphorylation of S6K, a well-characterized target of mTOR in the regulation of cell growth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The steady increase in BUN and creatinine in Cy/+ rats was reduced by 39 and 34%, respectively with sirolimus after 3 months treatment. Kidney weight and 2-kidney/total body weight (2K/TBW) ratios were reduced by 34 and 26% in sirolimus-treated Cy/+ rats. Cyst volume density was also reduced by 18%. Of importance, Cy/+ rats displayed enhanced levels of total and phosphorylated S6K. Sirolimus effectively reduced total and phosphorylated levels of S6K.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that oral sirolimus markedly delays the loss of renal function and retards cyst development in Han:SPRD rats with ADPKD. Our data also suggest that activation of the S6K signalling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PKD. Sirolimus could be a useful drug to retard progressive renal failure in patients with ADPKD.
authors.affiliation: Physiological Institute, University Zürich-Irchel, Zürich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Patricia R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Wahl
authors.forename: Andreas L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Serra
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Le Hir
authors.forename: Klaus D
authors.initials: KD
authors.lastname: Molle
authors.forename: Michael N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Rudolf P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Wüthrich
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D001806:Blood Urea Nitrogen; D003404:Creatinine / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D016891:Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003404:Creatinine; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546845:mTOR protein, rat; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; C448959:ribosomal protein S6 kinase, 70kD, polypeptide 2; D020123:Sirolimus