title: Differences between sprint tests under laboratory and actual cycling conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to compare the maximal power output (POpeak) and force-velocity relationships in sprint cycling obtained from a laboratory protocol and from a field test during actual cycling locomotion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven male competitive cyclists performed 6 sprints (3 in the seated position and 3 in the standing position) on an ergo-trainer (Tacx, Netherlands) and 6 sprints during actual cycling locomotion in a gymnasium. The bicycle was equipped with the SRM Training System (Schoberer Rad Messtechnik, Germany) to measure (200 Hz) the power output (PO, W), the pedalling cadence (rpm), and the velocity (kmxh-1). From these measurements, the maximal force on the pedal (Fmax), the theoretical maximal force (Fo, N) and the theoretical maximal pedalling cadence (V0, rpm) were determined. During each sprint test the lateral bicycle oscillations were measured from a video analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During standing and seated sprints in the gymnasium, Fo and Fmax were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with sprints on the ergo-trainer (+12% and +32%, respectively). The POpeak during sprints in seated and standing positions in the gymnasium was significantly (p<0.05) lower (-4%) and higher (+6%) respectively, compared with the ergo-trainer. For standing position in the gymnasium the kinematics analysis indicated a 24 degrees mean lateral bicycle oscillation compared with 0 degrees on the ergo trainer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study indicate that POpeak, Fo, and time to obtain POpeak were different between laboratory and actual cycling conditions. To obtain a valid estimation of the maximal power output, it is necessary to perform sprint tests during actual cycling locomotion. Thus, in the laboratory, it is advisable to use a cycle ergometer that enables natural lateral oscillations.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Mécanique Appliquée, U.M.R. C.N.R.S. 6604) UFR STAPS, Université de Franche Comté, Besançon, France. william.bertucci@univ-reims.fr
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Bertucci
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Taiar
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grappe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D019411:Clinical Laboratory Techniques; D016552:Ergometry / Q000379:methods*; D005080:Exercise Test; D006801:Humans; D008124:Locomotion / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology