title: Clinical impact of conjunctivochalasis on the ocular surface.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the clinical impact of conjunctivochalasis on the ocular surface by evaluating the effect of a new concept of conjunctivochalasis operation on the resolution of patients' symptoms and corneal epithelial damage. Also, the association of inflammation with conjunctivochalasis is examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 168 eyes of 131 conjunctivochalasis patients with (50 eyes) or without (118 eyes) dry eye who received the newly designed conjunctivochalasis operation were enrolled. All patients had prominent conjunctivochalasis at the lower tear meniscus and their ocular symptoms were not sufficiently controlled by the usual eyedrop therapy. Subjective symptoms of patients were assessed before and after the operation by questionnaires. Scores of corneal fluorescein staining were evaluated before and after the operation in patients with dry eye. Four samples of the lower part of conjunctiva from non-dry eye conjunctivochalasis patients were investigated by immunostaining and compared with samples from 4 normal conjunctiva and 3 conjunctiva showing inflammation due to Mooren ulcer, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, and alkali burn.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent chief subjective symptoms before the operation were irritation (51.7%) and lacrimation (31.4%) in conjunctivochalasis patients without dry eye and irritation (80.0%) in those with dry eye. Improvement of the chief symptoms was obtained in 88.2% and 78.0% of these 2 patient groups, respectively. Furthermore, in patients with dry eye, corneal fluorescein staining scores (mean+/-SD) were significantly improved after the operation compared with before the operation: A (area), 0.6+/-0.7 and D (density), 0.8+/-0.9 versus A, 1.3+/-0.5 and D, 1.9+/-0.9; P<0.0001. Based on the immunostaining study, conjunctival samples from eyes with conjunctivochalasis and normal eyes showed negligible inflammation compared with those from inflamed conjunctiva.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that conjunctivochalasis has a great clinical impact on the ocular surface, and the newly developed operation is very effective in resolving patient complaints and also ocular surface damage in conjunctivochalasis with dry eye. It may also be suggested that the conjunctivochalasis has a negligible association with conjunctival inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan. nyokoi@opth.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Norihiko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: Aoi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Komuro
authors.forename: Masakazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishii
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Hidetoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tanioka
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D003229:Conjunctival Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D015352:Dry Eye Syndromes / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D013194:Staining and Labeling; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome