title: Time-dependent effect of nitrate-rich meals on exhaled nitric oxide in healthy subjects.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a convenient noninvasive marker for airway inflammation in several pulmonary diseases. However, external factors such as nitrate-rich nutrition can affect the levels of eNO and thus compromise its diagnostic value.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this investigation was to have a better understanding of the time-dependent effect of nitrate-rich meals on eNO in healthy subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-two healthy, nonsmoking volunteers (age range, 25 to 62 years) were recruited for the study. They had no recent respiratory tract infections and were free of pulmonary history, rhinitis, and atopic disorders. eNO was measured before, and 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 15, and 20 h after the intake of a nitrate-rich meal equivalent to 230 mg of nitrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intake of a nitrate-rich meal increased eNO by 60% 2 h after the meal. Even after 15 h, the mean eNO value was still 22% higher than the baseline value. Only after 20 h did eNO return to the normal baseline level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This finding stresses the importance of advising patients to avoid nitrate-rich nutrition at least 20 h before a scheduled measurement of eNO.
authors.affiliation: Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat, 10, Edegem 2650, Belgium. anne-marie.vints@uza.be
authors.forename: Anne-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Vints
authors.forename: Ellie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Oostveen
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eeckhaut
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smolders
authors.forename: Wilfried A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: De Backer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D001944:Breath Tests; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000032:analysis*; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D009566:Nitrates; D009569:Nitric Oxide