title: Gastric pH, sevelamer hydrochloride and omeprazole.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Sevelamer hydrochloride is a polymer containing multiple amines (40% amine hydrochloride) separated by one carbon from the polymer backbone, and it is not absorbed by the intestine. These amines are partially protonated and interact with phosphate molecules through ionic and hydrogen bonding, therefore reducing phosphate absorption and lowering serum phosphate concentration. Alterations of gastric pH, in particular excessive alkalinization, could interfere with sevelamer phosphate binding capacity.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 30-year-old dialysis patient affected by secondary hyperparathyroidism started sevelamer treatment, 4.8 g/day, with a basal serum phosphate of 6.9 mg/dl. The patient was also treated with omeprazole (20 mg/day) because of chronic gastritis. Phosphate levels normalized (4.2 mg/dl), but after four months of follow-up serum phosphate unexpectedly increased to 7.2 mg/dl. We found out that in the same period she had autonomously increased the dosage of omeprazole to 80 mg/day, due to worsening of dyspepsia. Gastric pH measurement showed a median level of 4.1, rather than the normal values of 1 - 2, indicating excessive pharmacological alkalinization. When omeprazole was reduced to the correct dose of 20 mg/day, we observed a rapid decrease of phosphate levels.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case report highlights the influence of gastric pH on sevelamer phosphate binding capacity. The high dose of omeprazole and the consequent excessive increase in gastric pH was probably responsible for a decreased phosphate binding capacity of sevelamer. When patients taking appropriate doses of sevelamer do not respond to treatment, a potential interaction with drugs determining an increase of gastric pH should be considered.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, Civil Hospital of Pescia, 51017 Pescia, Pistoia, Italy. drcapitanini@excite.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Capitanini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Osteri
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petrone
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Del Corso
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Straniti
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gallieni
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005744:Gastric Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration / Q000187:drug effects; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D011073:Polyamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069603:Sevelamer
chemical_list: D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D010710:Phosphates; D011073:Polyamines; D000069603:Sevelamer; D009853:Omeprazole