title: Effect of bicycle racing saddle design on transcutaneous penile oxygen pressure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the reliability of monitoring penile transcutaneous oxygen (tpO2) during cycling, and to assess the influence of seat design and cycling position on tpO2.
  
  
  METHODS
  
  
  
  METHODS
  repeated measures analysis of the effects of seat design and riding position on tpO2 values.
  
  
  METHODS
  31 male cyclists between the ages of 20 and 50 years participated. Subject inclusion criteria were: averaged=or>80 miles of road bicycling per week during the 2 months prior to enrollment in this study; no history of vascular disease, diabetes, or sexual dysfunction; and had an erection within 15 days prior to study.
  
  
  METHODS
  mean tpO2 values were calculated for seated and standing positions using 3 current bicycle seat designs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Test-retest reliability for seated cycling tpO2 values had an ICC (3,1) of 0.76 and mean absolute difference of 5.1 mmHg. Test-retest reliability for standing cycling tpO2 values had an ICC(3,1) of 0.88 and mean absolute difference of 7.23 mmHg. No interaction effect occurred between seat design and position. Seat design had no significant effect on tpO2 values. Seated cycling significantly reduced tpO2 levels compared with standing cycling (P<0.05). Mean percent decreases in tpO2 from standing to seated cycling were; Vetta 76%, Terry 73%, and Specialized 62%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The data suggest that penile tpO2 monitoring is reliable for use during cycling studies. None of the seats exhibited any significant ability to spare penile tpO2. The implications of decreased penile tpO2 over different time intervals on penile physiology remain to be investigated.
authors.affiliation: Program in Human Movement Science, Department of Allied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA.
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001642:Bicycling / Q000502:physiology*; D001785:Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design / Q000009:adverse effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D018783:Impotence, Vasculogenic / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000503:physiopathology; D011187:Posture / Q000502:physiology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen