title: Effect of a second-generation venous catheter impregnated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine on central catheter-related infections: a randomized, controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Central venous catheter-related infections are a significant medical problem. Improved preventive measures are needed.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To ascertain 1) effectiveness of a second-generation antiseptic-coated catheter in the prevention of microbial colonization and infection; 2) safety and tolerability of this device; 3) microbiology of infected catheters; and 4) propensity for the development of antiseptic resistance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  9 university-affiliated medical centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  780 patients in intensive care units who required central venous catheterization.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients received either a standard catheter or a catheter coated with chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors assessed catheter colonization and catheter-related infection, characterized microbes by molecular typing, and determined their susceptibility to antiseptics. Patient tolerance of the catheter was monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with the 2 types of catheters had similar demographic features, clinical interventions, laboratory values, and risk factors for infection. Antiseptic catheters were less likely to be colonized at the time of removal compared with control catheters (13.3 vs. 24.1 colonized catheters per 1000 catheter-days; P < 0.01). The center-stratified Cox regression hazard ratio for colonization controlling for sampling design and potentially confounding variables was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.78). The rate of definitive catheter-related bloodstream infection was 1.24 per 1000 catheter-days (CI, 0.26 to 3.62 per 1000 catheter-days) for the control group versus 0.42 per 1000 catheter-days (CI, 0.01 to 2.34 per 1000 catheter-days) for the antiseptic catheter group (P = 0.6). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and other gram-positive organisms were the most frequent microbes to colonize catheters. Noninfectious adverse events were similar in both groups. Antiseptic susceptibility was similar for microbes recovered from either group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antiseptic catheter was not compared with an antibiotic-coated catheter, and no conclusion can be made regarding its effect on bloodstream infection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The second-generation chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine catheter is well tolerated. Antiseptic coating appears to reduce microbial colonization of the catheter compared with an uncoated catheter.
authors.affiliation: University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA. merupp@unmc.edu
authors.forename: Mark E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Rupp
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lisco
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Lipsett
authors.forename: Trish M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Perl
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Civetta
authors.forename: Leonard A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Mermel
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: E Patchen
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Dellinger
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Donahoe
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Giles
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Pfaller
authors.forename: Dennis G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Maki
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sherertz
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002405:Catheterization, Central Venous / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002710:Chlorhexidine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004866:Equipment Contamination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D012867:Skin / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000891:Anti-Infective Agents, Local; D002710:Chlorhexidine; D012837:Silver Sulfadiazine