title: Distribution of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) DNA in organs of a domestic pig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Domestic pig may serve as the most appropriate organ source for human xenotransplantation in the future. However, there is a serious threat of xenogeneic pathogens transmission, especially porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) which are present in genomes of all pigs. The aim of this study was to monitor the prevalence and distribution of PERV DNA in organs of a domestic pig.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a primer set for a highly conserved fragment of PERV gag sequence to monitor a total PERV DNA copy number and genotype-specific primer sets to study PERV subtypes distribution using Real-Time QPCR (SYBR Green I).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Our results showed that PERV DNA was present in all studied pigs, however, most PERV DNA molecules carried numerous mutations thus indicating inability to express functional retroviral particles. The level of PERV DNA in kidney was much higher than in heart (p = 0.007) and in the liver (p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It indicates that kidney is potentially the biggest PERV reservoir which makes it the organ of particular concern in xenotransplantation. We also conclude it is possible to monitor pig herds for individuals with the lowest PERV DNA prevalence, especially lacking PERV-C, and perhaps with only defective PERV proviruses that are unable to express functional RNA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Medical University of Silesia, Sosnowiec, Poland. dsypniewski@slam.katowice.pl
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sypniewski
authors.forename: Grzegorz
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Machnik
authors.forename: Urszula
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Mazurek
authors.forename: Tadeusz
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wilczok
authors.forename: Zdzisław
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Smorag
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jura
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gajda
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020077:Endogenous Retroviruses / Q000235:genetics*; D005838:Genotype; D006321:Heart / Q000821:virology; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000821:virology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D034421:Sus scrofa / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000821:virology*; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D004279:DNA, Viral