title: Prediction and validation of total and regional skeletal muscle mass by ultrasound in Japanese adults.
abstract: The present study was performed to develop regression-based prediction equations for skeletal muscle (SM) mass by ultrasound and to investigate the validity of these equations in Japanese adults. Seventy-two Japanese men (n=38) and women (n=34) aged 18-61 years participated in this study and were randomly separated into two groups: the model development group (n=48) and the validation group (n=24). The total and regional SM mass were measured using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1.5 T-scanners with spin-echo sequence. Contiguous transverse images (about 150 slices) with a slice thickness of 1 cm were obtained from the first cervical vertebra to the ankle joints. The volume of SM was calculated from the summation of digitized cross-sectional area. The SM volume was converted into mass units (kg) by an assumed SM density of 1.04 kg l(-1). The muscle thickness (MTH) was measured by B-mode ultrasound (5 MHz scanning head) at nine sites on the anatomical SM belly. Strong correlations were observed between the site-matched SM mass (total, arm, trunk body, thigh, and lower leg) by MRI measurement and the MTH x height (in m) in the model development group (r=0.83-0.96 in men, r=0.53-0.91 in women, P<0.05). When the SM mass prediction equations were applied to the validation group, significant correlations were also observed between the MRI-measured and predicted SM mass (P<0.05). The predicted total SM mass for the validation group was 19.6 (6.5) kg and was not significantly different from the MRI-measured SM mass of 20.2 (6.5) kg. Bland-Altman analysis did not indicate a bias in prediction of the total SM mass for the validation group (r=0.00, NS). These results suggested that ultrasound-derived prediction equations are a valid method to predict SM mass and an alternative to MRI measurement in healthy Japanese adults.
authors.affiliation: Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan. sanada@waseda.jp
authors.forename: Kiyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sanada
authors.forename: Charles F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Kearns
authors.forename: Taishi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Midorikawa
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abe
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001837:Body Weights and Measures; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*