title: T lymphocyte co-signaling pathways of the B7-CD28 family.
abstract: The past years have witnessed significant advance in our understanding of critical roles of T cell co-signals in B7-CD28 family molecules in regulating T cell activation and tolerance. New co-signaling molecules have been identified and their functions have been delineated. These co-signaling pathways play overlapping and distinct regulatory roles at various stages of a T cell response. By expressing in appropriate time and location, these pathways have different regulatory functions through independent receptors or on different subsets of lymphocytes. Precise understanding of these pathways will allow the development of novel approaches to treatment of human diseases such as cancer, viral infection, autoimmune diseases and transplantation rejection.
authors.affiliation: The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
authors.forename: Shengdian
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lieping
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000276:immunology; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000276:immunology*; D018106:CD28 Antigens / Q000276:immunology*; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D006801:Humans; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000276:immunology; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; C482586:BTLA protein, human; D018106:CD28 Antigens; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C556692:ICOS protein, human; D060889:Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic