title: Relationship between cytokines gene polymorphism and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The influences of genomic background are confirmed in more diseases. Immunologic tolerance after intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus is considered to occur in T cells. Cytokines work effectively in eliminating virus by immune system after hepatitis B virus infection. To explore the relationship between cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10), which expressed abnormal quantity in the peripheral blood to intrauterine hepatitis B virus infectious children, gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and susceptibility to hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a cross sectional study of molecular clinical epidemiology. The subjects in this study were selected from outpatients of hepatitis B vaccine follow-up special clinics of our hospital in the period. According to intrant criteria, the high risk children of hepatitis B virus (HBV) intrauterine infection were divided into immune failure group (group I); and immune effective group (group II) and non high risk children belonged to the control group. Four gene SNP sites of TNF-alpha -238, IFN-gamma +874, IL-4 -590 and IL-10 -1082 were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The significant differences of TNF-alpha -238 A allele frequency were found between group I and group II (chi(2) = 6.797, P < 0.05) and between group I and the control group (chi(2) = 9.513, P < 0.05). No evident differences of TNF-alpha -238 A were found between group II and control group (chi(2) = 0.047, P > 0.05); the significant differences of IFN-gamma +874 A allele frequency were found between group I and group II (chi(2) = 7.238, P < 0.05), and between group I and the control group (chi(2) = 5.199, P < 0.05). No evident differences were found between group II and the control group (chi(2) = 0.602, P > 0.05); the significant differences of IL-4 -590 C/T allele frequency were not found between group I and group II (chi(2) = 0.632, P > 0.05), also group I and the control group (chi(2) = 0.584, P > 0.05), and the group II and the control group (chi(2) = 0.004, P > 0.05) respectively; The significant differences of IL-10 -1082 G allele frequency were found between group II and group I (chi(2) = 10.359, P < 0.001), and between group II and the controls (chi(2) = 35.418, P < 0.001), but the significant differences were not found between group I and the control group (chi(2) = 1.759, P > 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggested the possibility that the TNF-alpha -238 A allele and IFN-gamma +874 A allele were associated with HBV intrauterine infection. There was no evident relationship between IL-4 -590 C/T allele SNP and susceptibility to HBV intrauterine infection, but the IL-10 -1082 G allele was associated with preventive efficacy to HBV intrauterine infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infection Disease, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China. qrzhu@shmu.edu.cn
authors.forename: Qi-rong
authors.initials: QR
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Yan-ling
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Ge
authors.forename: Shao-qing
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Hui
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jian-she
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Xin-huan
authors.initials: XH
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Lin-e
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Zuo-quan
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000235:genetics; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma