title: Determination of TNT and its metabolites in water samples by voltammetric techniques.
abstract: Square-wave voltammetry with the hanging drop mercury electrode as the working electrode was used for the determination of ultratraces of explosives in aqueous solution. It was shown that the strong pressure dependence of the pneumatically controlled multimode electrode system of a conventional Metrohm apparatus could be compensated by an additional pressure regulation, through which the pressure variations could be decreased when switching from deaeration to the static measurements. By using square-wave voltammetry with this electrode system after this modification the limits of detection for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and other TNT-metabolites could be decreased down to 0.2 microg L(-1) when using a measurement time of 6 min. Also a simultaneous determination of TNT and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) was shown to be possible over a wide linear range and the detection limits then were 2.2 microg L(-1) for TNT and 25 microg L(-1) for RDX. By applying the highly stable and adjustable pressure as mentioned before, the calibrations could be kept stable over a period of up to 1 week.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
authors.forename: York
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zimmermann
authors.forename: J A C
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Broekaert
mesh_terms: D002138:Calibration; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005858:Germany; D009574:Nitro Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D010851:Picrates / Q000032:analysis; D011312:Pressure; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014227:Triazines / Q000032:analysis; D014303:Trinitrotoluene / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009574:Nitro Compounds; D010851:Picrates; D014227:Triazines; D014867:Water; D014303:Trinitrotoluene; C005858:picric acid; C009160:cyclonite