title: Urocortin 2 acts centrally to delay gastric emptying through sympathetic pathways while CRF and urocortin 1 inhibitory actions are vagal dependent in rats.
abstract: We characterized the influence of the selective corticotropin-releasing factor 2 (CRF(2)) receptor agonist human urocortin 2 (Ucn 2), injected intracisternally, on gastric emptying and its mechanism of action compared with intracisternal CRF or urocortin (Ucn 1) in conscious rats. The methylcellulose phenol red solution was gavaged 20 min after peptide injection, and gastric emptying was measured 20 min later. The intracisternal injection of Ucn 2 (0.1 and 1 microg) and Ucn 1 (1 microg) decreased gastric emptying to 37.8 +/- 6.9%, 23.1 +/- 8.6%, and 21.6 +/- 5.9%, respectively, compared with 58.4 +/- 3.8% after intracisternal vehicle. At lower doses, Ucn 2 (0.03 microg) and Ucn 1 (0.1 microg) had no effect. The CRF(2) antagonist astressin(2)-B (3 microg ic) antagonized intracisternal Ucn 2 (0.1 microg) and CRF (0.3 microg)-induced inhibition of gastric emptying. Vagotomy enhanced intracisternal Ucn 2 (0.1 or 1 microg)-induced inhibition of gastric emptying compared with sham-operated group, whereas it blocked intracisternal CRF (1 microg) inhibitory action (45.5 +/- 8.4% vs. 9.7 +/- 9.7%). Sympathetic blockade by bretylium prevented intracisternal and intracerebroventricular Ucn 2-induced delayed gastric emptying, whereas it did not influence intravenous Ucn 2-, intracisternal CRF-, and intracisternal Ucn 1-induced inhibition of gastric emptying. Prazosin abolished the intracisternal Ucn 2 inhibitory effect, whereas yohimbine and propranolol did not. None of the pretreatments modified basal gastric emptying. These data indicate that intracisternal Ucn 2 induced a central CRF(2)-mediated inhibition of gastric emptying involving sympathetic alpha(1)-adrenergic mechanisms independent from the vagus contrasting with the vagal-dependent inhibitory actions of CRF and Ucn 1.
authors.affiliation: CURE/Digestive Diseases Research Center and Center for Neurovisceral Sciences and Women's Health, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
authors.forename: József
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Czimmer
authors.forename: Mulugeta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Million
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taché
mesh_terms: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001949:Bretylium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D005746:Gastric Emptying / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000494:pharmacology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology*; D054832:Urocortins; D014628:Vagotomy; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D001949:Bretylium Compounds; D010446:Peptide Fragments; C426705:UCN2 protein, human; D054832:Urocortins; C120841:astressin B; D015016:Yohimbine; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; C045166:bretylium; D011224:Prazosin