title: The AP-2gamma transcription factor is upregulated in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the expression of the AP-2gamma transcription factor in ovarian borderline tumors, early-stage ovarian carcinoma and advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma, and to evaluate its prognostic role in advanced-stage tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sections from 14 normal ovaries, 75 borderline tumors, 22 FIGO stage I invasive ovarian carcinomas, and 306 advanced-stage (FIGO stages II-IV) ovarian carcinomas (42 primary tumors, 62 solid metastases, 202 effusions) were evaluated for expression of the transcription factor AP-2gamma using immunohistochemistry. Sixty-three effusions and two cell lines (SKOV-3 and OVCAR-3) were additionally studied using immunoblotting. The prognostic role of AP-2gamma in advanced-stage carcinomas was analyzed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AP-2gamma was detected in the nucleus of tumor cells in 28/75 (37%) borderline tumors, 13/22 (59%) FIGO stage I carcinomas, and 255/306 (83%) advanced-stage carcinomas (P < 0.001, Chi-square test). Benign ovaries were uniformly negative. Expression was largely limited to carcinoma cells in effusions. Solid lesions and effusions from advanced-stage carcinomas showed comparable expression. Immunoblotting showed AP-2gamma expression in 59/61 effusions and both cell lines. AP-2gamma expression did not correlate with survival.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  AP-2gamma expression is upregulated in advanced-stage ovarian carcinoma compared to early-stage carcinomas, borderline tumors, and the ovarian surface epithelium, and AP-2gamma is specifically localized to cancer cells in effusions, suggesting a role in tumor progression. The lack of predictive value for this transcription factor in advanced-stage disease may be related to its frequent expression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology, Ulleval University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway.
authors.forename: Elin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ødegaard
authors.forename: Anne Cathrine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Staff
authors.forename: Janne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kaern
authors.forename: Vivi Ann
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Flørenes
authors.forename: Juri
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kopolovic
authors.forename: Claes G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Tropé
authors.forename: Vera M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Abeler
authors.forename: Reuven
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reich
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Davidson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / Q000378:metabolism; D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D050656:Transcription Factor AP-2; D019009:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit