title: Approach to genetic analysis in the diagnosis of hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes are characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and inflammation. Seven subtypes have been described, caused by mutations in four different genes. Apart from a common phenotype of lifelong recurrent inflammatory attacks, all subtypes have distinct features and specific therapeutic options, which emphasizes the need for a specific diagnosis in each case. Our aim was to examine whether genetic screening would allow classification of previously unclassified patients, and whether individual patients suffering from an autoinflammatory syndrome carry additional mutations in one of the other autoinflammatory genes.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 60 patients with an unclassified autoinflammatory syndrome, 87 patients diagnosed with either hyper-IgD syndrome, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) or tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-receptor-associated periodic syndrome and 50 healthy controls. Deoxyribonucleic acid samples were screened for the most prevalent mutations in the MEFV, TNFRSF1A, MVK and CIAS1 genes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found only one possible diagnosis of FMF in the 60 previously unclassified patients. Two low-penetrance mutations were found in equal numbers in the groups of patients and controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Screening of highly prevalent mutations in known genes involved in these disorders does not yield additional relevant information. Differential diagnosis of hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes can be made by thorough clinical examination followed by targeted genetic analysis of the one or two most likely syndromes. High-prevalence low-penetrant mutations from autoinflammatory genes do not occur more frequently in patients with hereditary autoinflammatory syndromes compared with the general population.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, 541, Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. a.simon@aig.umcn.nl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: J W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vesely
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Myrdal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Duys
authors.forename: J P H
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Drenth
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D010505:Familial Mediterranean Fever / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005820:Genetic Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D013577:Syndrome