Islet neogenesis: a potential therapeutic tool in type 1 diabetes.
Current therapies for type 1 diabetes, including fastidious blood glucose monitoring and multiple daily insulin injections, are not sufficient to prevent complications of the disease. Though pancreas and possibly islet transplantation can prevent the progression of complications, the scarcity of donor organs limits widespread application of these approaches. Understanding the mechanisms of beta-cell mass expansion as well as the means to exploit these pathways has enabled researchers to develop new strategies to expand and maintain islet cell mass. Potential new therapeutic avenues include ex vivo islet expansion and improved viability of islets prior to implantation, as well as the endogenous expansion of beta-cell mass within the diabetic patient. Islet neogenesis, through stem cell activation and/or transdifferentiation of mature fully differentiated cells, has been proposed as a means of beta-cell mass expansion. Finally, any successful new therapy for type 1 diabetes via beta-cell mass expansion will require prevention of beta-cell death and maintenance of long-term endocrine function.
Lipsett
Mark
M
Centre for Pancreatic Diseases at the McGill University Health Centre, Department of Surgery, McGill University, C9-128 Montreal General Hospital, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Montreal, Que., Canada. mark.lipsett@mail.mcgill.ca
Aikin
Reid
R
Castellarin
Mauro
M
Hanley
Stephen
S
Jamal
Al-Maleek
AM
Laganiere
Simon
S
Rosenberg
Lawrence
L
D000818:Animals; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D016923:Cell Death; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000473:pathology / Q000637:transplantation*; D016381:Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; D051379:Mice; D020127:Recovery of Function; D013997:Time Factors; D014019:Tissue Donors / Q000600:supply & distribution
D007328:Insulin