title: Left atrial dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation after successful rhythm control for > 3 months.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Large-scale clinical trials have demonstrated that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), when treated with a rhythm-control strategy, are still at risk for embolic events. We hypothesized that left atrial (LA) dysfunction persisted even after successful maintenance of sinus rhythm for > 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 93 patients with AF and satisfactory rhythm control for > 3 months were included. Satisfactory rhythm control was defined as being free of AF based on patient-reported symptoms, monthly ECG follow-up, and ambulatory Holter ECG if needed. Among the 93 patients, 25 patients had sustained AF that was terminated by electrical or pharmacologic cardioversion, while 68 patients had paroxysmal AF under good medical control. Clinical data were obtained, and transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography were performed after satisfactory rhythm control for > 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 93 patients, 34 patients (37%) had LA dysfunction, defined as LA appendage (LAA) peak emptying velocity < 40 cm/s or spontaneous echo contrast and/or thrombus in the LA or LAA. When compared to the other 59 patients without LA dysfunction, they had larger LA dimension (40 +/- 6 mm vs 36 +/- 8 mm [+/- SD], p = 0.018) but did not differ significantly regarding the left ventricular (LV) chamber size, LV ejection fraction, mitral or tricuspid inflow, and ratio of the amplitude of the waves created by early diastolic filling and atrial contraction. We also analyzed the relationship between LA function and clinical risk factors for stroke, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, age > 65 years, and prior cerebral vascular accident. LA dysfunction was found in 10 of 17 patients (59%) with three or more risk factors. The odds ratio for having LA dysfunction was 3.1 (p = 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 9.1) when compared with patients with less than three risk factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LA dysfunction was present in more than one third of AF patients after satisfactory rhythm control for > 3 months. Patients with higher burden (three or more) of clinical risk factors were more likely to have impaired LA function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Yi-Chih
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jiunn-Lee
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Juey-Jen
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Mao-Shin
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chuen-Den
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Tseng
authors.forename: Shoei K Stephen
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Ling-Ping
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Lai
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000145:classification / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016279:Atrial Function, Left / Q000502:physiology*; D017548:Echocardiography, Transesophageal; D004554:Electric Countershock; D004562:Electrocardiography; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents