title: Involvement of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors in viral hepatic diseases.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in tumor cells, but not in most normal cells. The role of TRAIL in hepatic cell death and hepatic diseases is not well understood. The present study investigated the expression of TRAIL and TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-Rs) in patients with hepatitis C virus infection using immunohistochemistry and examined physiological roles under viral infection in the HepG2 cell line. Staining of TRAIL or TRAIL-Rs was prominent in the cytoplasm and membrane of hepatocytes in the periportal area. Some liver-infiltrating lymphocytes also displayed positive staining for TRAIL. Staining intensity was significantly increased with disease progression, particularly in the periportal area. AdCMVLacZ (Q-BIOgene, Carisbad, Calif) infection was also found to induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells and significantly augment TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Anti-TRAIL antibody significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by AdCMVLacZ infection. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that both TRAIL-R2 and TRAIL were up-regulated on the cell surface of HepG2 cells with AdCMVLacZ infection. Transforming growth factor-beta1 also enhanced TRAIL expression in HepG2 cells. These results indicate that TRAIL/TRAIL-R apoptotic pathways play important roles in the hepatic cell death during viral infection.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Mie University School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukiko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Saitou
authors.forename: Katsuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shiraki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fuke
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inoue
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Yumi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Norihik
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Kazushi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakano
mesh_terms: D000257:Adenoviridae Infections; D017209:Apoptosis; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism; D022781:Hepatocytes / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology / Q000821:virology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007211:Indoles; D008024:Ligands; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D007211:Indoles; D008024:Ligands; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C007293:DAPI