title: Human leukocyte antigen class II haplotypes that protect against or predispose to streptococcal toxic shock.
abstract: In the United States, 1.5-5.2/100,000 persons develop invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections each year, and approximately 10%-20% of these patients go on to develop streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Patients who develop STSS usually present with generalized erythema, conjunctivitis, and confusion. Fulminant cardiovascular shock develops over a period of a few hours, accompanied by multiorgan failure. Between 20% and 40% of patients with STSS die, compared with approximately 10% of patients with invasive streptococcal disease without STSS.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Sussex, United Kingdom. m.j.llewelyn@bsms.ac.uk
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Llewelyn
mesh_terms: D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006239:Haplotypes / Q000235:genetics*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000276:immunology; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology*; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000276:immunology*; D018089:Superantigens
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D018089:Superantigens