title: Description and validation of the apnea risk evaluation system: a novel method to diagnose sleep apnea-hypopnea in the home.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the accuracy and practicality of the Apnea Risk Evaluation System (ARES; Advanced Brain Monitoring; Carlsbad, CA), a limited-channel system for diagnosing sleep apnea/hypopnea in the home.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective randomized study with blinded analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two independent, community-based, sleep-disorders centers and the participants' homes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Two hundred ninety-nine subjects were recruited, including 210 consecutive willing patients referred by community physicians to the centers because of suspected sleep apnea; 36 "general medical" patients recruited from community physicians' offices; and 53 "presumably healthy" subjects recruited from community centers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Manual scoring of attended in-laboratory full-night or split-night polysomnography by trained technologists supervised by physicians board certified in sleep medicine, and automated scoring of the limited-channel system used attended in the laboratory and unattended at home. The definition of the polysomnography apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the ARES respiratory disturbance index was the total number of events divided by the study duration in hours. Two hundred eighty-four valid comparisons of in-laboratory simultaneous polysomnography and ARES and 187 valid comparisons of in-laboratory polysomnography with a separate 2 nights of unattended self-applied ARES Unicorder (Advanced Brain Monitoring) were obtained. A diagnostic AHI cutoff of > 10 was used to establish the accuracy and validity of the ARES. The concurrent in-laboratory comparison yielded a sensitivity of 97.4, a specificity of 85.6, a positive predictive value of 93.6, and a negative predictive value of 93.9; in-home comparison sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 91.5, 85.7, 91.5, and 85.7, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The ARES demonstrated consistently high sensitivity and specificity for both in-laboratory and in-home recordings. In patients at risk for sleep apnea who do not a priori need an attended study, the ARES could provide a low-cost alternative to traditional polysomnography.
authors.affiliation: Advanced Brain Monitoring, Inc., 2850 Pio Pico Dr, Suite A, Carlsbad, CA 92008, usa. prw@b-alert.com
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Westbrook
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Levendowski
authors.forename: Milenko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cvetinovic
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Zavora
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Velimirovic
authors.forename: Delmer
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Henninger
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nicholson
mesh_terms: D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004867:Equipment Design; D019416:Head Movements; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D010821:Physicians, Family; D017286:Polysomnography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*