title: Even conservation rules are made to be broken: implications for biodiversity.
abstract: Despite efforts to enclose and control conservation zones around the world, direct human impacts in conservation areas continue, often resulting from clandestine violations of conservation rules through outright poaching, strategic agricultural encroachment, or noncompliance. Nevertheless, next to nothing is actually known about the spatially and temporally explicit patterns of anthropogenic disturbance resulting from such noncompliance. This article reviews current understandings of ecological disturbance and conservation noncompliance, concluding that differing forms of noncompliance hold differing implications for diversity. The authors suggest that forms of anthropogenic patchy disturbance resulting from violation may maintain, if not enhance, floral diversity. They therefore argue for extended empirical investigation of such activities and call for conservation biologists to work with social scientists to assess this conservation reality by analyzing how and when incomplete enforcement and rule-breaking drive ecological change.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Arizona, 437B Harvill Building, Tucson, Arizona, 85716, USA. robbins@email.arizona.edu
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robbins
authors.forename: Kendra
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McSweeney
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waite
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rice
mesh_terms: D044822:Biodiversity; D003247:Conservation of Natural Resources; D006801:Humans; D010944:Plants