title: [Renal and urinary calculi in children].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The incidence of nephrourolithiasis amongst children in Denmark has not previously been recorded. This article reports that incidence, investigations and the treatment prescribed.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the period 1994-2003, 32 cases were admitted, diagnosed and treated in two Danish paediatric departments. All cases were reviewed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients underwent radiological examination, such as ultrasound or renography. All the children underwent different degrees of metabolic evaluation. Kidney stone analysis was performed in 14 of the 32 cases (44%). In 21 children (66%) there were one or more predisposing factors to stone formation, the most common being urinary tract malformation, found in 40% of the cases, of which 42% presented with hypercalciuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The various causes of nephrolithiasis in children are discussed, especially the need for clarifying the underlying metabolic causes. The article concludes by recommending an examination programme for children with nephrourolithiasis.
authors.affiliation: Hillerød Sygehus, Børneafdelingen, Hillerød. malgorzatawason@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Malgorzata Pulczynska
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Wason
authors.forename: Anita
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008661:Metabolism, Inborn Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000002:abnormalities