title: Predominance of three NF-kappaB binding sites in the long terminal repeat region of HIV Type 1 subtype C isolates from Zambia.
abstract: Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world, with almost 46 million people infected globally. HIV-1 subtype C accounts for 55% of these infections. In Zambia, the majority of HIV-1 infections are subtype C. However, to its north most countries have non-subtype C as the most predominant HIV-1 subtype while to its south most of them are predominantly subtype C. The aim of this study was to determine the subtype distribution and to analyze the long terminal repeat (LTR) region of HIV-1 isolates from the northern part of Zambia. We amplified as well as directly sequenced the LTR, gag, and env regions of 78 HIV-1 peripheral blood samples from adult Zambians. Our results show 95% (74/78) of our isolates were HIV-1 subtype C. Furthermore, of the subtype C samples analyzed across the LTR, 61% (25/41) carried 3 NF-kappaB signature binding site sequences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
authors.forename: Mwansa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Munkanta
authors.forename: Ray
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Handema
authors.forename: Hirotake
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Clement
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gondwe
authors.forename: Xuewen
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Deng
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Tsukasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asagi
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kasolo
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terunuma
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D015752:Genes, env; D015750:Genes, gag; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000821:virology*; D016325:HIV Long Terminal Repeat; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000145:classification / Q000378:metabolism*; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D015024:Zambia
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B