title: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus fails to activate cytokine-mediated innate immune responses in cultured human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.
abstract: Activation of host innate immune responses was studied in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCV)-infected human A549 lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). In all cell types, SCV-specific subgenomic mRNAs were seen, whereas no expression of SCV proteins was found. No induction of cytokine genes (alpha interferon [IFN-alpha], IFN-beta, interleukin-28A/B [IL-28A/B], IL-29, tumor necrosis factor alpha, CCL5, or CXCL10) or IFN-alpha/beta-induced MxA gene was seen in SCV-infected A549 cells, macrophages, or DCs. SCV also failed to induce DC maturation (CD86 expression) or enhance major histocompatibility complex class II expression. Our data strongly suggest that SCV fails to activate host cell cytokine gene expression in human macrophages and DCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. thedi.ziegler@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Thedi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: Sampsa
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matikainen
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rönkkö
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Osterlund
authors.forename: Maarit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sillanpää
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sirén
authors.forename: Riku
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fagerlund
authors.forename: Milla
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Immonen
authors.forename: Krister
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Melén
authors.forename: Ilkka
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Julkunen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015152:Blotting, Northern; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000235:genetics; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014764:Viral Proteins