title: Interpretation of approximate entropy: analysis of intracranial pressure approximate entropy during acute intracranial hypertension.
abstract: We studied changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) complexity, estimated by the approximate entropy (ApEn) of the ICP signal, as subjects progressed from a state of normal ICP (< 20-25 mmHg) to acutely elevated ICP (an ICP "spike" defined as ICP > 25 mmHg for < or = 5 min). We hypothesized that the measures of intracranial pressure (ICP) complexity and irregularity would decrease during acute elevations in ICP. To test this hypothesis we studied ICP spikes in pediatric subjects with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We conclude that decreased complexity of ICP coincides with episodes of intracranial hypertension (ICH) in TBI. This suggests that the complex regulatory mechanisms that govern intracranial pressure are disrupted during acute rises in ICP. Furthermore, we carried out a series of experiments where ApEn was used to analyze synthetic signals of different characteristics with the objective of gaining a better understanding of ApEn itself, especially its interpretation in biomedical signal analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Signal Theory and Communications, ETSIT, University of Valladolid 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hornero
authors.forename: Mateo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aboy
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Abásolo
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McNames
authors.forename: Brahm
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Goldstein
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D019277:Entropy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019586:Intracranial Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007427:Intracranial Pressure; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity