title: Thrombin generation profiles in deep venous thrombosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reliable markers and methods to predict risk for thrombosis are essential to clinical management.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Using an integrated approach that defines an individual's comprehensive coagulation phenotype might prove valuable in identifying individuals at risk for experiencing a thrombotic event.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a numerical simulation model, we generated tissue factor (TF) initiated thrombin curves using coagulation factor levels from the Leiden Thrombophilia Study population and evaluated thrombotic risk, by sex, age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI) and oral contraceptive (OC) use. We quantitated the initiation, propagation and termination phases of each individuals' comprehensive TF-initiated thrombin generation curve by the parameters: time to 10 nm of thrombin, maximum time, level and rate (MaxR) of thrombin generated and total thrombin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The greatest risk association was obtained using MaxR; with a 2.6-fold increased risk at MaxR exceeding the 90th percentile. The odds ratio (OR) for MaxR was 3.9 in men, 2.1 in women, and 2.9 in women on OCs. The association of risk with thrombin generation did not differ by age (OR:2.8 <or= 45 years>OR:2.5), BMI (OR:2.9 <or= 26 kg m(-2)>OR:2.3) or alcohol use. In both numerical simulations and empirical synthetic plasma, OC use created extreme shifts in thrombin generation in both control women and women with a prior thrombosis, with a larger shift in thrombin generation in control women. This suggests an interaction of OC use with underlying prothrombotic abnormalities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Thrombin generation based upon the individual's blood composition is associated with the risk for thrombosis and may be useful as a predictive marker for evaluating thrombosis on an individual basis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA.
authors.forename: K E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Brummel-Ziedins
authors.forename: C Y
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Vossen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Butenas
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: F R
authors.initials: FR
authors.lastname: Rosendaal
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000502:physiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D013917:Thrombin