Effects of contrast agent infusion rates on thresholds for tissue damage produced by single exposures of high-intensity ultrasound.
Stabilized microbubble ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) have potential to aid tissue ablation during ultrasound surgery by enhancing both cavitational and thermal damage mechanisms. Previously, we showed UCA infused at a rate of 1 microL/kg/min prior to ultrasound exposure could reduce the total energy required to produce tissue damage by up to two orders of magnitude. In this paper, we evaluate thresholds for macroscopic tissue damage with UCA infusion rates (IR) of 0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, and 10 microL/kg/min to determine IR potentially effective for ultrasound therapy. Canine kidneys were surgically externalized and insonified with single exposures of focused ultrasound. Incident exposures were 1.44 MHz tone bursts, either 250 ms in duration with intensity between 500 W/cm2 and 3200 W/cm2, or 100 micros to 1 s in duration with intensity equal to 3200 W/cm2. Probabilities of tissue damage occurrence were determined for each set of exposure conditions (intensity, duration, and IR). A threshold intensity and threshold duration, defined as the quantities for which tissue damage occurred with probability equal to 0.5, were estimated for each IR. Results show that, as IR increased from 0.1 to 10 microL/kg/min, the threshold intensity decreased by up to a factor of 3, and threshold duration decreased by up to a factor of 200. Microbubble introduction at IR up to 10 microL/kg/min thus may be effective in aiding ultrasound therapy.
Tran
Binh C
BC
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. tranbc@umich.edu
Seo
Jongbum
J
Hall
Timothy L
TL
Fowlkes
J Brian
JB
Cain
Charles A
CA
D000418:Albumins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004285:Dogs; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007261:Infusions, Intra-Arterial; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D014463:Ultrasonography
D000418:Albumins; D003287:Contrast Media; C099458:FS 069; D005466:Fluorocarbons