title: Endoscopic transgastric abdominal exploration and organ resection: initial experience in a porcine model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The evolution of flexible endoscopes and endoscopic devices has recently enabled per-oral transgastric abdominal exploration in animal models. This study was undertaken to assess the ability to systematically identify abdominopelvic organs and to determine the feasibility of organ resection via the transgastric route.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female Yorkshire pigs were used for the study. Under general anesthesia, a gastroscope was used to place a sterile overtube into the esophagus. After antibacterial lavage, the gastric wall was incised, and a sterile dual-channel endoscope was advanced into the peritoneal cavity. Endoscopic abdominal exploration was then methodically performed in 9 animals with oophorectomy and partial hysterectomy in 6 animals. The gastric incision was closed with endoclips. Of the animals that underwent organ resection, 3 were sacrificed immediately after surgery, and the subsequent 3 survived.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The peritoneal cavity was accessed uneventfully, and the stomach, liver, small bowel, colon, urinary bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries were able to be evaluated in all cases. The gallbladder could be visualized in only 5 of the 9 animals, and retroperitoneal structures could not be consistently identified. Oophorectomy with partial hysterectomy was performed in 6 animals. The 3 animals in the survival group did well for 24 hours without sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows the ability of endoscopic transgastric peritoneal exploration to successfully identify most abdominopelvic organs and demonstrates the technical feasibility of transgastric organ resection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Mihir S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wagh
authors.forename: Benjamin F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Merrifield
authors.forename: Christopher C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Thompson
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000818:Animals; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005773:Gastroscopy; D007044:Hysterectomy; D023421:Models, Animal; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010529:Peritoneal Cavity / Q000601:surgery; D013552:Swine