Stable isotope dilution techniques for assessing vitamin A status and bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in humans.
Vitamin A deficiency is a major global public health problem. Among the variety of techniques that are available for assessing human vitamin A status, evaluating the provitamin A nutritional values of foodstuffs and estimating human vitamin A requirements, isotope dilution provides the most accurate estimates. Although the relative expense of isotope dilution restricts its applications, it has an important function as the standard of reference for other techniques. Mathematical modelling plays an indispensable role in the interpretation of isotope dilution data. This review summarises recent applications of stable isotope methodology to determine human vitamin A status, estimate human vitamin A requirements, and calculate the bioconversion and bioefficacy of food carotenoids.
Furr
Harold C
HC
Craft Technologies, 4344 Frank Price Church Road, Wilson, NC 27893, USA. jfurr@crafttechnologies.com
Green
Michael H
MH
Haskell
Marjorie
M
Mokhtar
Najat
N
Nestel
Penelope
P
Newton
Sam
S
Ribaya-Mercado
Judy D
JD
Tang
Guangwen
G
Tanumihardjo
Sherry
S
Wasantwisut
Emorn
E
D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001682:Biological Availability; D002338:Carotenoids / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D006801:Humans; D007201:Indicator Dilution Techniques; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007553:Isotope Labeling / Q000379:methods; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009752:Nutritional Status; D009753:Nutritive Value; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control
D000975:Antioxidants; D014801:Vitamin A; D002338:Carotenoids