title: Components of the short nostril.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The short nostril, best visualized on the basilar view, is a multifaceted dysmorphology that requires evaluation beyond that of alar/columellar deformities. While the soft triangle is the key component in short nostril disharmony, the alar rim and cartilaginous structures that border the nostrils play a salient role as well.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of 200 consecutive rhinoplasties (primary and secondary) examined the specific role of soft triangle excision and other components in the short nostril deformity. Twenty-seven patients underwent soft triangle excision with or without alteration of the other structures influential on nostril length. Of these 27 patients, only three patients required soft triangle excision alone.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The distance from the nostril apex to the caudal border of the alar dome was found to be the crucial element in defining the treatment approach for creating nostril length. When this distance was long, excision of the soft triangle lining and approximation of the alar rim to the lining under the dome elevated the nostril apex and elongated the nostril. When the distance between the nostril apex and overlying dome was ideal or short, soft triangle lining removal was not required, and an optimal nostril length was established by repositioning the other components. Raising the dome using transdomal sutures redirected the wide domal arch vertically, narrowing and lengthening the nostril, provided there was no redundancy in the soft triangle. In a similar fashion, interdomal sutures improved both nostril length and inclination. Placement of a columellar strut also elongated the nostril. An alar rim graft, used primarily to correct alar rim retraction and concavity, also elongated the short nostril.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The most important factor in analysis and treatment of the short nostril is the extent of the soft triangle tissue present. Soft triangle lining removal is indicated when the distance from the nostril apex to the caudal dome is excessive. This allows the nostril apex to be pulled anteriorly, thus elongating the nostril. The short nostril often coexists with multiple other abnormalities of the nasal base and tip, mandating a comprehensive approach to address all the deformities encountered. Correction of alar retraction also effectively increases nostril length. Further improvement of asymmetric tips and nostrils can be achieved through unilateral soft triangle lining excision with dome equalization through tip suturing and a subdomal graft.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. bguyuron@aol.com
authors.forename: Bahman
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Guyuron
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghavami
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wishnek
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D009300:Nasal Septum / Q000601:surgery; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012225:Rhinoplasty / Q000379:methods