title: Attitude of the canine in secondary bone-grafted and nongrafted patients with cleft lip and palate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the eruption pattern of the cleft-side canine regarding its pre-eruption position relative to the cleft in bone-grafted (BG) and nongrafted (NonBG) patients with cleft lip and palate.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with cleft lip and palate (21 BG, 32 NonBG) were examined by panoramic radiography and posteroanterior cephalography taken before and after canine eruption. Subjects were categorized into BG, NonBG, and control groups. Canines at the pre-eruption stage were categorized as close to (group 1) or distant from (group 2) the cleft area. The canine angle and its change between the two stages were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were noted between the initial canine angle of the BG and NonBG groups. Although canines in the BG group erupted without a significant change in angle, the canine angle increased significantly (p < .0001) in the NonBG and control groups. In group 1, a greater change in canine angle was noted in the NonBG (p < .05) and control (p < .01) groups than in the BG group. In group 2, no significant difference was noted among the three groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In BG patients, a canine located near the cleft appears to erupt at the same angle as it had before grafting. However, in NonBG patients, it erupts more vertically, guided by cortical bone. For canines distant from the cleft area, there is no significant difference in the change in angulation between NonBG and BG patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Maxillofacial/Neck Reconstruction, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Enkhtuvshin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gereltzul
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Kimie
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohyama
mesh_terms: D000539:Alveolar Process / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002971:Cleft Lip / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D003481:Cuspid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014078:Tooth Eruption