title: Pairing between gypsy insulators facilitates the enhancer action in trans throughout the Drosophila genome.
abstract: The Suppressor of the Hairy wing [Su(Hw)] binding region within the gypsy retrotransposon is the best known chromatin insulator in Drosophila melanogaster. According to previous data, two copies of the gypsy insulator inserted between an enhancer and a promoter neutralize each other's actions, which is indicative of an interaction between the protein complexes bound to the insulators. We have investigated the role of pairing between the gypsy insulators located on homologous chromosomes in trans interaction between yellow enhancers and a promoter. It has been shown that trans activation of the yellow promoter strongly depends on the site of the transposon insertion, which is evidence for a role of surrounding chromatin in homologous pairing. The presence of the gypsy insulators in both homologous chromosomes even at a distance of 9 kb downstream from the promoter dramatically improves the trans activation of yellow. Moreover, the gypsy insulators have proved to stabilize trans activation between distantly located enhancers and a promoter. These data suggest that gypsy insulator pairing is involved in communication between loci in the Drosophila genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of the Control of Genetic Processes, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov St., 119334 Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kravchenko
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Savitskaya
authors.forename: Oksana
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kravchuk
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Parshikov
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgiev
authors.forename: Mikhail
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Savitsky
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002843:Chromatin / Q000235:genetics; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster / Q000235:genetics*; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D049750:Genome, Insect; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D018626:Retroelements / Q000235:genetics; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D018626:Retroelements; C050680:y protein, Drosophila