title: The area under the concentration-time curve versus trough and peak blood level monitoring in renal transplant recipients on cyclosporine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The area under the concentration-time curve of cyclosporine microemulsion is the best measure of the absorption and beneficial effects in renal transplant recipients. We sought to determine the best method of monitoring cyclosporine levels in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective evaluation of peak cyclosporine blood levels and area under the curve monitoring were performed for 1 year in 65 renal transplant recipients (study group). Cyclosporine trough levels and peak cyclosporine blood levels were correlated with the calculated area under the curve. Cyclosporine trough levels were monitored in equal numbers of matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no significant differences in the incidence of acute rejection, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, proteinuria, serum creatinine levels, or graft and patient outcomes between the groups (P = .1). Peak cyclosporine blood levels guided by calculating the area under the curve were found to be 27% to 32% lower than previously reported. The correlation coefficient was <70% for cyclosporine trough levels (P < .02) and >90% for peak cyclosporine blood levels (P < .001) when related to the calculated area under the curve. The calculated area under the curve was approximately 6000 ng/mL/h following transplantation, gradually decreasing to approximately 3000 ng/mL/h at 1 year. Both appeared to the acceptable therapeutic values.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Calculating the area under the curve using trough and peak blood levels versus using isolated readings for either of these levels alone is the most effective method of monitoring cyclosporine in recipients undergoing renal transplant.
authors.affiliation: Hamed Al-Essa Organ Transplantation Centre, Safat, Kuwait. medhatmohamed2000@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Halim
authors.forename: M R N
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Nampoory
authors.forename: K V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Johny
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Donia
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hamid
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Said
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mansour
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Muzairai
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Samhan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Mousawi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine