title: Hemodynamic effects of spontaneous breathing in the post-operative period.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  During mechanical ventilatory support, spontaneous breathing has been linked to improved hemodynamics. These findings may be explained by a decrease in intrathoracic pressure which may improve venous return to the heart. Such a mechanism should result in a dose-response relation between the amount of spontaneous breathing and an increase in the global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) and cardiac output (Q(t)).
  
  
  METHODS
  To test this hypothesis, 15 patients were studied after major elective surgery during weaning from mechanical ventilation using bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP). BIPAP allows unrestricted spontaneous breathing during every phase of the respiratory cycle. Thus, ventilatory support was modified by changing the mechanical respiratory rate only, whereas inspiratory airway pressure and PEEP were kept constant. GEDV and Q(t) were measured by transpulmonary thermodilution.
  
  
  RESULTS
  GEDV (P = 0.055), stroke volume (P = 0.027) and subsequently also Q(t) (P < 0.001) increased when spontaneous breathing increased. In contrast, no difference was observed for central venous pressure (P = 0.19).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The beneficial hemodynamic effects of spontaneous breathing during mechanical ventilatory support can partially be explained by improved venous return to the heart which increases stroke volume and Q(t).
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. pneuman@gwdg.de
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Neumann
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schubert
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Heuer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hinz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Quintel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klockgether-Radke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000502:physiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen