title: Polycyclic musk compounds in higher trophic level aquatic organisms and humans from the United States.
abstract: Polycyclic musks, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran (HHCB) and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (AHTN), are used as fragrance ingredients in numerous consumer products such as cleaning agents and personal care products. Studies have reported the widespread occurrence of these musks in surface waters and fish from western European countries. Nevertheless, little is known about their accumulation in humans and wildlife in the United States. In this study, we measured concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in human adipose fat collected from New York City. Furthermore, tissues from marine mammals, water birds, and fish collected from US waters were analyzed to determine the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in human adipose fat samples ranged from 12 to 798 and from <5 to 134 ng/g, on a lipid weight basis, respectively. A significant correlation existed between the concentrations of HHCB and AHTN in human adipose fat. Concentrations of HHCB and AHTN were not positively correlated with age or gender of the donors. HHCB was found in tissues of several wildlife species, but not in the livers of polar bear from the Alaskan Arctic. Among wildlife species analyzed, spinner and bottlenose dolphins collected from Florida coastal waters contained measurable concentrations of HHCB.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA. kkannan@wadsworth.org
authors.forename: Kurunthachalam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Jessica L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Reiner
authors.forename: Se Hun
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Yun
authors.forename: Emily E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Perrotta
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnson-Restrepo
authors.forename: Bruce D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Rodan
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D001578:Benzopyrans / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D020387:Food Chain; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D008322:Mammals / Q000378:metabolism; D010476:Perfume; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D014481:United States; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001578:Benzopyrans; D010476:Perfume; D013764:Tetrahydronaphthalenes; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; C033119:galaxolide; C033116:acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin