title: Monocular deprivation in an identical twin.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The scientific literature contains minimal human studies of the effect of monocular deprivation on a single eye of twins. This report examines the effects of early visual deprivation on axial length measurements by comparing the refractive findings and axial length measurements of identical twins' 4 eyes, 1 visually deprived and 3 nondeprived.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective record review was performed on the medical records of identical 6-year-old Hispanic female twins. Both patients had received eye care at the University Optometric Center, State University of New York, for a period of at least 5 years. Subsequently, an Internal Review Board-approved prospective study was undertaken. Each twin received a comprehensive eye examination and an A-scan.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The findings of the 3 nondeprived eyes were compared with those of the 1 deprived eye. The 3 nondeprived eyes had at least 20/20 visual acuity, low hyperopia or astigmatism, low with the rule keratometric findings, 12-mm corneal diameters, and A-scan results ranging from 21.0 to 21.55 mm. The remaining eye, which was visually deprived secondary to congenital cataract from birth to 6 months of age, had an aphakic refractive condition, decreased visual acuity, glaucoma, esotropia, and borderline microcornea. Keratometric findings were comparable with those of the other 3 eyes, whereas the A-scan finding was 25.16 mm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This case presented a unique opportunity to directly examine the effect of visual deprivation on axial elongation. Although other factors, such as glaucoma and borderline microcornea, may influence axial elongation, the findings in this patient indicate that a substantial portion, if not all, of the axial elongation can be attributed to early monocular deprivation.
authors.affiliation: State University of New York, State College of Optometry, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, USA. phooker@sunyopt.edu
authors.forename: Pamela J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hooker
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: FitzGerald
authors.forename: Daniella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rutner
authors.forename: Marilyn
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vricella
mesh_terms: D002386:Cataract / Q000151:congenital; D002648:Child; D003315:Cornea / Q000002:abnormalities; D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005123:Eye / Q000473:pathology*; D005124:Eye Abnormalities / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012683:Sensory Deprivation; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic / Q000235:genetics*; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000235:genetics*; D015349:Vision, Monocular