title: Hypercalcemia and local production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by a perisellar rhabdomyosarcoma after remote pituitary irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe a case of metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma originating from the sphenoid sinus in a patient previously treated with conventional irradiation for a prolactinoma, presenting as hypercalcemia in the setting of a normal level of serum parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP).
  
  
  METHODS
  We report the case of a patient who underwent remote pituitary irradiation for a prolactinoma and then presented decades later with hypercalcemia of unknown cause. His clinical course, the initial biochemical and radiologic investigations, and the results of examination of pathology specimens are reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patient was found to have a mass in the sphenoid sinus. The pathologic features were consistent with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. Although he had a normal serum PTHrP level, staining of his tumor with an antibody against PTHrP revealed local production of PTHrP at the tumor margins. His bone marrow biopsy specimen showed 100% involvement with rhabdomyosarcoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PTHrP staining of pathology specimens might explain hypercalcemia of undetermined cause in patients with a known malignant lesion, in whom elevated serum PTHrP levels cannot be demonstrated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
authors.forename: Jose C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Florez
authors.forename: Doug W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Burton
authors.forename: Paula M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Arnell
authors.forename: Leonard J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Deftos
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Klibanski
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D019046:Bone Marrow Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary*; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017809:Fatal Outcome; D006801:Humans; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D000077268:Pamidronate; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary*; D013101:Sphenoid Sinus; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid
chemical_list: D004164:Diphosphonates; D007093:Imidazoles; D044162:Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein; D000077211:Zoledronic Acid; D000077268:Pamidronate