title: Diffusion-tensor MR imaging of the brain in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is early evidence that diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) is useful in demonstrating subtle white matter alterations in different diseases of brain. We hypothesize that DTI in several brain regions in human immunodeficiency virus-positive (HIV+) patients is useful in the early detection of HIV-related brain injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging and DTI were performed in 60 HIV+ patients and in 30 controls. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC; mm/s(2)) maps were generated and coregistered on T2-weighted images. Regions of interest were placed in the splenium and genu of the callosum, the frontal white matter, and the hippocampus. HIV+ patients were divided into those whose CD4 count were <250 cells/mm(3) or >250 cells/mm(3). According to plasma viral loads, patients were divided into those whose viral loads were <50 copies/mL, 50-100,000 copies/mL, or >100,000 copies/mL.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistically significant decrease of FA was found in the genu of the corpus callosum in HIV+ patients compared with controls. FA was reduced in the frontal white matter and hippocampi in HIV+ patients compared with controls. Differences, however, were not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were found between the HIV+ groups for FA of the splenium or between these groups and the controls. ADC values were significantly increased in the genu of HIV+ patients when compared with controls and were also increased in other locations, but without statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  As used in this study, DTI was not helpful in identifying patients with early HIV infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Neuroradiology Section, University Hospital Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Majda M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Thurnher
authors.forename: Mauricio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Castillo
authors.forename: Alfred
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stadler
authors.forename: Armin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rieger
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Pia C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Sundgren
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016880:Anisotropy; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D003337:Corpus Callosum / Q000473:pathology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006679:HIV Seropositivity / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019562:Viral Load