title: Diagnosing erectile dysfunction: the penile dynamic colour duplex ultrasound revisited.
abstract: A number of disease processes of the penis including Peyronie's disease, priapism, penile fractures and tumors are clearly visualized with ultrasound. Diagnostic evaluation of erectile dysfunction (ED) by penile dynamic colour-duplex Doppler ultrasonography (D-CDDU) is actually considered a second level approach to ED patients because of the fact that intracavernous injections test IV with prostaglandin-E(1) may provide important information about the patients' erectile capacity. However, no direct vascular imaging and a high percentage of false negative diagnoses of vasculogenic ED are its major pitfalls and subsequent treatment decisions remain quite limited. The occurrence of ED and its sentinel relationship to cardiovascular disease has prompted more accurate vascular screening in all patients even in the absence of cardiovascular risk factors. The sonographic evaluation of the intima-media thickness of the carotid arteries may sometimes represent an early manifestation of diffuse atherosclerotic disease and endothelial damage. This latter finding is often the cause of failure to oral agents, i.e. phosphodiesterase inhibitors, because of inability of the dysfunctional endothelium to release nitric oxide. D-CDDU represents an accurate tool to investigate cavernous artery inflow and venous leakage when compared with more invasive diagnostic techniques i.e. selective arteriography and dynamic infusion cavernosometry along with cavernosography.
authors.affiliation: Chair of Internal Medicine, Department of Medical Pathophysiology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. antonio.aversa@uniroma1.it
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aversa
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruzziches
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spera
mesh_terms: D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology; D007172:Erectile Dysfunction / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010413:Penis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D017540:Tunica Media / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D018615:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex