title: Historical limitations of determinant based exposure groupings in the rubber manufacturing industry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the validity of using a cross-sectional industry-wide exposure survey to develop exposure groupings for epidemiological purposes that extend beyond the time period in which the exposure data were collected.
  
  
  METHODS
  Exposure determinants were used to group workers into high, medium, and low exposure groups. The contrast of this grouping and other commonly used grouping schemes based on plant and department within this exposure survey and a previously conducted survey within the same industry (and factories) were estimated and compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Grouping of inhalable and dermal exposure based on exposure determinants resulted in the highest, but still modest, contrast (epsilon approximately 0.3). Classifying subjects based on a combination of plant and department resulted in a slightly lower contrast (epsilon approximately 0.2). If the determinant based grouping derived from the 1997 exposure survey was used to classify workers in the 1988 survey the average contrast decreased significantly for both exposures (epsilon approximately 0.1). On the contrary, the exposure classification based on plant and department increased in contrast (from epsilon approximately 0.2 to epsilon approximately 0.3) and retained its relative ranking overtime.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although determinant based groupings seem to result in more efficient groupings within a cross-sectional survey, they have to be used with caution as they might result in significant less contrast beyond the studied population or time period. It is concluded that a classification based on plant and department might be more desirable for retrospective studies in the rubber manufacturing industry, as they seem to have more historical relevance and are most likely more accurately recorded historically than information on exposure determinants in a particular industry.
authors.affiliation: Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20892, USA. vermeulr@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vermeulen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kromhout
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis; D004391:Dust; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D006801:Humans; D007221:Industry; D019570:Inhalation Exposure / Q000032:analysis; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D012408:Rubber; D012869:Skin Absorption
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D004391:Dust; D012408:Rubber