title: High rate of recurrence in renal transplant recipients after a first episode of venous thromboembolism.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  No data are available about the optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) after an episode of venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurring in renal transplant (RT) recipients. Our study was undertaken to evaluate the risk of VTE recurrence in patients developing a first episode of VTE after RT.
  
  
  METHODS
  Among 484 RT patients, 34 (7%) developed a first VTE: 28/34 VTE patients (Group 1) were prospectively studied, after stopping OAT. Group 1 was compared with a group of 84 patients without history of renal disease who had suffered from a first episode of VTE matched for age, sex and type of thrombotic event (Group 2) and with a matched group of 84 RT recipients with no history of VTE (Group 3). After OAT withdrawal, blood samples were obtained for thrombophilia and clotting activation markers (prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2) and D-dimer plasma levels).
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 14/28 patients of Group 1 and 8/84 patients of Group 2 experienced VTE recurrence (P < 0.0005). Homocysteine, F1+2 and D-dimer plasma levels were significantly higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 and 3 (P < 0.0001 and <0.05 respectively) for all the three parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data outline the high risk of VTE recurrence in RT recipients. Strategies for VTE recurrence prevention are needed; Prolonged OAT, in spite of the high bleeding risk of RT patients, should be considered in this respect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Centro di Riferimento Regionale per la Trombosi, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy.polida@ao-careggi.toscana.it
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poli
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zanazzi
authors.forename: Emilia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Antonucci
authors.forename: Rossella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marcucci
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosati
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bertoni
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Salvadori
authors.forename: Agatina Alessandrello
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Liotta
authors.forename: Rasanna
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Abbate
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prisco
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012008:Recurrence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers