title: Peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection of primary, secondary and tertiary treated municipal wastewaters.
abstract: The efficiency of peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection against enteric bacteria and viruses in municipal wastewaters was studied in pilot-scale. Disinfection pilot-plant was fed with the primary or secondary effluent of Kuopio municipal wastewater treatment plant or tertiary effluent from the pilot-scale dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. Disinfectant doses ranged from 2 to 7 mg/l PAA in the secondary and tertiary effluents, and from 5 to 15 mg/l PAA in the primary effluents. Disinfection contact times were 4-27 min. Disinfection of secondary and tertiary effluents with 2-7 mg/l PAA and 27 min contact time achieved around 3 log reductions of total coliforms (TC) and enterococci (EC). PAA disinfection also significantly improved the hygienic quality of the primary effluents: 10-15 mg/l PAA achieved 3-4 log reductions of TC and EC, 5 mg/l PAA resulting in below 2 log reductions. F-RNA coliphages were more resistant against the PAA disinfection and around 1 log reductions of these enteric viruses were typically achieved in the disinfection treatments of the primary, secondary and tertiary effluents. Most of the microbial reductions occurred during the first 4-18 min of contact time, depending on the PAA dose and microorganism. The PAA disinfection efficiency remained relatively constant in the secondary and tertiary effluents, despite of small changes of wastewater quality (COD, SS, turbidity, 253.7 nm transmittance) or temperature. The disinfection efficiency clearly decreased in the primary effluents with substantially higher microbial, organic matter and suspended solids concentrations. The results demonstrated that PAA could be a good alternative disinfection method for elimination of enteric microbes from different wastewaters.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland. jari.koivunen@uku.fi
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koivunen
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Heinonen-Tanski
mesh_terms: D003090:Coliphages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D004202:Disinfectants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004203:Disinfection; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D016983:Enterococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D010463:Peracetic Acid / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014504:Urban Health; D014871:Water Microbiology; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D004202:Disinfectants; D010463:Peracetic Acid