title: Root morphology of mandibular premolars in 40 patients with Turner syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyse root morphology of mandibular premolars in 40 females with Turner syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients aged 18-50 years (mean+/-SD: 26.2+/-6.22) were clinically and cytogenetically diagnosed and divided into three groups according to karyotype: I-with 45,X (n=19); II-with 46,X,i(Xq) and other structural changes of this chromosome (n=8); III-with mos45,X/46,XX and other mosaic karyotype (n=13). The control group consisted of 30 healthy women aged 20-50 years (mean+/-SD: 31.52+/-5.21) who underwent dental treatment at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland. The root morphology of mandibular premolars was studied based on orthopantomogram X-ray images. The results were analysed using chi-square test with Yates's adjustment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Separate mesial and distal root canals and separate root apices were noted on orthopantomograms in patients with Turner syndrome. Two-rooted mandibular first premolars were observed in 34% of cases in group 45,X (group I), in 31% of cases in the group with structural aberrations of chromosome X (group II) and in 31% of cases with mosaic karyotypes (group III). Two-rooted mandibular second premolars were observed in 39% cases in group 45,X and in 31% of cases in the group with structural aberrations of chromosome X and in 35% of cases with mosaic karyotypes. This type of root morphology was not observed in the control group. No significant difference was found between the three groups of Turner syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Highly significant differences in root morphology of mandibular premolars between patients with Turner syndrome and a population control group were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland. akusiak@amg.gda.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kusiak
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sadlak-Nowicka
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Limon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kochańska
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000848:Anodontia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D001641:Bicuspid / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D041321:Chromosomes, Human, X / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D018404:Isochromosomes / Q000235:genetics; D007621:Karyotyping; D008334:Mandible / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009030:Mosaicism; D011862:Radiography, Panoramic; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000235:genetics