title: Prospective evaluation of remote, interactive videoconferencing to enhance urology resident education: the genitourinary teleteaching initiative.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Changes in referral patterns and resource allocation into Centers of Excellence affect the educational experience of urology trainees by altering resident exposure to patients and clinicians, especially at sites where subspecialty deficiencies exist. Access to educators at Centers of Excellence using interactive videoconferencing technology may facilitate residency training objectives and enhance trainees' overall educational experience. We prospectively evaluated the implementation of this technology at tertiary care teaching centers to enhance urology resident education.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using videoconferencing technology, urology residents at the University of Western Ontario (London, Canada) participated in a series of didactic, interactive pediatric urology teleteaching seminars. These were presented by an expert pediatric urologist from the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Using a 5-point Likert scale (1-strongly disagree, 5-strongly agree), participants responded to statements pertaining to seminar content, technology and ease of use at the completion of each session. The results were subsequently tabulated and evaluated to determine the effectiveness and accessibility of the program in providing expert pediatric urological education to residents at a remote urology training program.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The entire urology resident staff from postgraduate year 1 to 5 participated in the seminar program. The overall acceptance of this medium was high (mean score 4.5). The quality of presentation, as well as picture and sound quality, all received mean scores greater than 4. Participants indicated that their ability to interact with the presenter was not inhibited by using this medium. All participants agreed that they would use this technology in the future (mean score 4.5) and that the presentation would not be improved if the presenter were on-site. Due to preexisting technology at both centers, no direct cost was incurred throughout the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our experience suggests that interactive teleteaching using readily available, existing technology, is a cost-effective and accepted method of providing trainees with an appropriate educational experience. In centers where subspecialty deficiencies exist, this medium may provide residents with the necessary education requirements of their respective programs without the need for costly teacher (or student) travel. Continual improvements in technology as well as the addition of multiple sites will increased this medium's impact in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. antcook@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: Joao L Pippi
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Salle
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: Karen Fontana
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kuan
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Razvi
authors.forename: Walid A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Farhat
authors.forename: Darius J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Bagli
authors.forename: Antoine E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Khoury
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002983:Clinical Competence; D020375:Education, Distance / Q000379:methods*; D004503:Education, Medical, Graduate / Q000379:methods*; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D008297:Male; D009864:Ontario; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*; D049269:Videoconferencing