title: Carpals and epiphyses of radius and ulna as age indicators.
abstract: Estimation of skeletal age using radiographic images is widely used for assessing biological growth in clinical and auxological studies. The most frequent areas used for age estimation in children and adolescents are tooth and wrist/hand, both giving good results with only a low level of radiation. In particular, ossification of the carpals shows good agreement with chronological age. This study of a sample of 150 Italian children and adolescents aged between 5 and 17 years focused on analyzing the possible applications of the proportion of carpal area (Ca) mineralization as a criterion of age estimation. The ratio between the total area of carpal bones and epiphyses of the ulna and radius (Bo) and Ca was calculated. This ratio (Bo/Ca) was used for linear regression analysis. The regression model, describing age as a linear function of the ratio Bo/Ca, yielded the following equation: Age=-3.253+0.719 g+20.610 Bo/Ca, and explained 83% of the total variance (R (2)=0.83). The median of the absolute values of residuals (observed age minus predicted age) was 0.08 years, with a quartile deviation of 1.59 years, and a standard error of estimate of 1.19 years.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy. r.cameriere@unimc.it
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cameriere
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ferrante
authors.forename: Dora
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mirtella
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cingolani
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000365:Age Determination by Skeleton / Q000379:methods*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004838:Epiphyses / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D018732:Forensic Anthropology / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D011884:Radius / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014457:Ulna / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging