title: Toxic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: Animal data.
abstract: The present article reviews the main toxic effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in animals. Toxic effects can be separated into acute and chronic classifications. Acute toxicity studies show that it is virtually impossible to die from acute administration of marijuana or tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive component of cannabis. Chronic toxicity involves lesions of airway and lung tissues, as well as problems of neurotoxicity, tolerance and dependence, and dysregulations in the immune and hormonal systems. Animal toxicity data, however, are difficult to extrapolate to humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, CHUM - Hôtel-Dieu, Montréal, Québec. pierre.beaulieu@umontreal.ca
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Beaulieu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000633:toxicity*; D002188:Cannabis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids