Insights into genome plasticity and pathogenicity of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria revealed by the complete genome sequence.
The gram-negative plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causative agent of bacterial spot disease in pepper and tomato plants, which leads to economically important yield losses. This pathosystem has become a well-established model for studying bacterial infection strategies. Here, we present the whole-genome sequence of the pepper-pathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strain 85-10, which comprises a 5.17-Mb circular chromosome and four plasmids. The genome has a high G+C content (64.75%) and signatures of extensive genome plasticity. Whole-genome comparisons revealed a gene order similar to both Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris and a structure completely different from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. A total of 548 coding sequences (12.2%) are unique to X. campestris pv. vesicatoria. In addition to a type III secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity, the genome of strain 85-10 encodes all other types of protein secretion systems described so far in gram-negative bacteria. Remarkably, one of the putative type IV secretion systems encoded on the largest plasmid is similar to the Icm/Dot systems of the human pathogens Legionella pneumophila and Coxiella burnetii. Comparisons with other completely sequenced plant pathogens predicted six novel type III effector proteins and several other virulence factors, including adhesins, cell wall-degrading enzymes, and extracellular polysaccharides.
Thieme
Frank
F
Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Genetik, Weinbergweg 10, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Koebnik
Ralf
R
Bekel
Thomas
T
Berger
Carolin
C
Boch
Jens
J
Büttner
Daniela
D
Caldana
Camila
C
Gaigalat
Lars
L
Goesmann
Alexander
A
Kay
Sabine
S
Kirchner
Oliver
O
Lanz
Christa
C
Linke
Burkhard
B
McHardy
Alice C
AC
Meyer
Folker
F
Mittenhuber
Gerhard
G
Nies
Dietrich H
DH
Niesbach-Klösgen
Ulla
U
Patschkowski
Thomas
T
Rückert
Christian
C
Rupp
Oliver
O
Schneiker
Susanne
S
Schuster
Stephan C
SC
Vorhölter
Frank-Jörg
FJ
Weber
Ernst
E
Pühler
Alfred
A
Bonas
Ulla
U
Bartels
Daniela
D
Kaiser
Olaf
O
D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D001482:Base Composition; D002876:Chromosomes, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D016997:Coxiella burnetii / Q000235:genetics; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics*; D023061:Gene Order; D016680:Genome, Bacterial; D016952:Legionella pneumophila / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D021381:Protein Transport / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D026801:Synteny; D014774:Virulence / Q000235:genetics; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics; D016959:Xanthomonas campestris / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology
D018829:Adhesins, Bacterial; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D037521:Virulence Factors