title: Testing an intervention to reduce negative thinking, depressive symptoms, and chronic stressors in low-income single mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group intervention in reducing depressive symptoms, negative thinking, and chronic stressors in low-income, single mothers at risk for depression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, controlled prevention trial was conducted with 136 low-income, single mothers with children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Each participant was screened before enrollment and was determined to be at risk for depression. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control or experimental group. The experimental group was invited to participate in a 4- to 6-week cognitive-behavioral group intervention. Data on depressive symptoms, negative thinking, and chronic stressors were collected via self-report questionnaires from control and experimental groups at baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after the intervention to assess the effects of the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared with those in the control group, women who received the intervention had a greater decrease in depressive symptoms, negative thinking, and chronic stressors; these beneficial effects were maintained over a 6-month period.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings indicate the effectiveness of this cognitive-behavioral group intervention and show the beneficial effects of reducing negative thinking via the use of affirmations and thought-stopping techniques.
authors.affiliation: College of Nursing, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0232, USA. arpede01@uky.edu
authors.forename: Ann R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Peden
authors.forename: Mary Kay
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Rayens
authors.forename: Lynne A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Elizabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Grant
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001294:Attitude to Health; D002908:Chronic Disease; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Q000458:organization & administration*; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D007629:Kentucky; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D009035:Mothers / Q000523:psychology*; D009341:Negativism; D011203:Poverty / Q000523:psychology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011615:Psychotherapy, Group / Q000458:organization & administration*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015406:Single Parent / Q000523:psychology*; D013315:Stress, Psychological / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013850:Thinking