title: Role of skeletal muscle-fibre type in regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged subjects with impaired glucose tolerance during a long-term exercise and dietary intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle fibre type in the regulation of glucose metabolism in middle-aged obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) during a 2-year exercise and dietary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Muscle biopsies (musculus vastus lateralis) were taken from 22 subjects belonging to the intervention group of the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study [1]. According to their myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile at the baseline, the subjects were divided into two groups: IGT(slow) (n=10) with a high proportion of MHC I isoforms and IGT(fast) (n=12) with a high proportion of MHC II isoforms in the vastus lateralis muscle. The intervention consisted of dietary counselling, strength and power training and/or aerobic exercise. The amount of exercise was the same in both groups; the exercise frequency was 5.1+/-2.7 h/week in the IGT(slow) and 5.1+/-2.8 h/week in the IGT(fast) group.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fasting glucose (p<0.05), 2-h glucose (p<0.05), fasting insulin (p<0.05), haemoglobin A1c (HbA(1c)) (p<0.01) and insulin resistance (p<0.05) [homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] decreased in the IGT(fast) group, whereas only the 2-h glucose and HbA(1c) concentrations decreased in the IGT(slow) group. The amount of the glycogen synthase kinase-3-alphabeta (GSK-3-alphabeta) decreased in the IGT(fast) group (p<0.05). Exercise training increased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p<0.01), LDH-1 (p<0.05) and citrate synthase (CS) (p<0.05) activities in the vastus lateralis muscle in the IGT(slow) group, but only the CS activity (p<0.05) in the IGT(fast) group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The glucose metabolism improved both in the IGT(slow) and IGT(fast) group during the 2-year exercise and dietary intervention. The change was more prominent in the IGT(fast) group than in the IGT(slow) group, associated with the decrease of the GSK-alphabeta protein expression in skeletal muscle. The exercise training improved both glycolytic and oxidative capacity in the vastus lateralis muscle. The glycolytic capacity improved in the IGT(slow) group and the oxidative capacity in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland. mika.venojarvi@btk.fi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Venojärvi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Puhke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hämäläinen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marniemi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rastas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rusko
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nuutila
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Hänninen
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aunola
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004038:Diet, Reducing; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D018149:Glucose Intolerance; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains