title: Differential effects of antiepileptic drugs on sexual function and hormones in men with epilepsy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare sexual function and reproductive hormone levels among men with epilepsy who took various antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), untreated men with epilepsy, and normal controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 85 men with localization-related epilepsy (25 on carbamazepine [CBZ], 25 on phenytoin [PHT], 25 on lamotrigine [LTG], and 10 untreated for at least 6 months [no AED]) and 25 controls. Sexual function scores (S-scores), hormone levels (bioactive testosterone, estradiol), hormone ratios (bioactive testosterone/bioactive estradiol), and gonadal efficiency (bioactive testosterone/luteinizing hormone) were compared among the five groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  S-scores, bioactive testosterone levels, bioactive testosterone/bioactive estradiol, and bioactive testosterone/luteinizing hormone were significantly greater in the control and LTG groups than in the CBZ and PHT groups. Sex hormone binding globulin was significantly higher in the CBZ and PHT groups than in all other groups. S-scores were below the control range in 20% of the men with epilepsy, including 32.0% on CBZ, 24% on PHT, 20% on no AEDs, and 4% on LTG (chi2: p = 0.08 for all four groups; chi2: p = 0.02 for the three AED groups). Bioactive testosterone was below the control range in 28.2%, including 48% on CBZ, 28% on PHT, 20% on no AEDs, and 12% on LTG (chi2: p = 0.02). Among men with epilepsy who had low S-scores, 70.6% had bioactive testosterone levels below the control range as compared to 17.6% among men with normal S-scores (chi2: p < 0.0001). Among men with epilepsy who had abnormally low bioactive testosterone, 50.0% had low S-scores; among men with normal bioactive testosterone, 8.2% had low S-scores (chi2: p < 0.0001). Bioactive testosterone decline with age was significantly greater among men with epilepsy than among controls and notably greater in the CBZ and PHT groups than in the LTG and untreated groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sexual function, bioavailable testosterone levels, and gonadal efficiency in men with epilepsy who took lamotrigine were comparable to control and untreated values and significantly greater than with carbamazepine or phenytoin treatment.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Neuroendocrine Unit, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA. aherzog@bidmc.harvard.edu
authors.forename: A G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Herzog
authors.forename: F W
authors.initials: FW
authors.lastname: Drislane
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Schomer
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Pennell
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Bromfield
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dworetzky
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Farina
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Frye
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000009:adverse effects*; D002220:Carbamazepine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010672:Phenytoin / Q000009:adverse effects; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D012735:Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological / Q000097:blood* / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014227:Triazines / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D012739:Gonadal Steroid Hormones; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014227:Triazines; D002220:Carbamazepine; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D010672:Phenytoin; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D000077213:Lamotrigine