title: Double-cycle, high-dose ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide followed by peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation for small cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the tolerability and feasibility of double-cycle, high-dose chemotherapy followed by peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (PBSCT) after conventional chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for small cell lung cancer (SCLC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with previously untreated SCLC received two cycles of cisplatin, 80 mg/m2, and etoposide, 300 mg/m2 (cisplatin-etoposide [PE]). Later, they were administered high-dose etoposide, 1,500 mg/m2, followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for collection of peripheral blood stem cells. After two additional cycles of PE, the patients received high-dose ifosfamide, 10 g/m2, carboplatin, 1,200 mg/m2, and etoposide, 1,000 mg/m2 (ifosfamide-carboplatin-etoposide [ICE]) followed by PBSCT twice at 3-month to 4-month intervals. Patients with limited disease (LD) concurrently received 50 Gy of irradiation with the last two cycles of PE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients, including 11 patients with LD, were enrolled. Fifteen patients could receive high-dose ICE followed by PBSCT twice, and 3 patients could receive it once. The median number of CD34+ cells collected was 13.11 x 10(6)/kg. The median numbers of days to neutrophil counts > or = 500/microL and platelet counts > or = 50,000/microL were 10 days and 14.5 days after the first PBSCT, and 10 days and 15 days after the second PBSCT, respectively. Grade 3 diarrhea occurred in one cycle, and grade 3 renal toxicity occurred in two cycles. The overall response rate was 100%, with an 83.3% rate of complete or near-complete response. The 2-year and 5-year survival rates were 72% and 55% in patients with LD and 43% and 0% in patients with extensive disease, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Double-cycle, high-dose ICE therapy followed by PBSCT is tolerable and feasible even after conventional chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy in patients with SCLC.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kawaramachi Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602, Japan. yiwasaki@koto.kpu-m.ac.jp
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Natuhara
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Mikio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Taichiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arimoto
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hara
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016190:Carboplatin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007069:Ifosfamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D005047:Etoposide; D016190:Carboplatin; D007069:Ifosfamide