Chemoreflex function in heart failure.
Peripheral and central chemoreflexes are the dominant autonomic mechanisms regulating ventilatory patterns in response to changes in partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood and exert powerful effects on neural circulatory control. Both reflex pathways are capable of eliciting increases in sympathetic nerve traffic and consequent increases in blood pressure. Chronic heart failure is accompanied by a sustained elevation in sympathetic nerve traffic, which is thought to be an important component in the pathophysiology and progression of the disease. The role of chemoreflex mechanisms in the control of sympathetic function during heart failure is an important topic for which there are many questions and few answers. This review summarizes available evidence documenting peripheral and central chemoreflex function in heart failure, possible mechanisms for their alteration, and their possible contribution to ventilatory, and circulatory abnormalities that occur in heart failure.
Schultz
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Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, 984575 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4575, USA. hschultz@unmc.edu
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D000818:Animals; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002303:Cardiac Output, Low / Q000503:physiopathology; D002344:Carotid Body / Q000473:pathology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002628:Chemoreceptor Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D018450:Disease Progression; D015444:Exercise; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
D009569:Nitric Oxide