title: Anatomical study of the obturator foramen and dorsal nerve of the clitoris and their relationship to minimally invasive slings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study is to clarify potential risks to the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) and obturator canal using different minimally invasive slings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ten embalmed hemipelves were dissected to demonstrate the course of the DNC and the obturator canal. On each cadaver, tension-free vaginal tape (TVT), transobturator in-out (TVT-O) and transobturator out-in (Monarc) procedures were performed. Distances between the DNC and the obturator canal to the different devices were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DNC passes beneath the pubic bone at a distance of 14.3 +/- 4.7 mm of the midline. The distances of the different devices to the DNC were similar. The distance to the obturator canal was significantly different, with TVT being the furthest (40.1 +/- 3.7 mm) and TVT-O the closest (19.3 +/- 3.1 mm; p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the course of the DNC along the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus, the out-in technique may be safer. The in-out technique is the closest to the obturator canal.
authors.affiliation: Urogynaecology Department, Mercy Hospital for Women, Clarendon Street, East Melbourne, 3002, Victoria, Australia. cachtari@bigpond.net.au
authors.forename: Chahin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Achtari
authors.forename: Bayden J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: McKenzie
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hiscock
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosamilia
authors.forename: Lore
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schierlitz
authors.forename: Chris A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Briggs
authors.forename: Peter L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Dwyer
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D002987:Clitoris / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000294:innervation* / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D013509:Gynecologic Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000601:surgery; D059348:Peripheral Nerve Injuries; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000601:surgery*; D014621:Vagina / Q000601:surgery*