title: Nur77 is phosphorylated in cells by RSK in response to mitogenic stimulation.
abstract: Nur77 is a nuclear orphan receptor that is able to activate transcription independently of exogenous ligand, and has also been shown to promote apoptosis on its localization to mitochondria. Phosphorylation of Nur77 on Ser354 has been suggested to reduce ability of Nur77 to bind DNA; however, the kinase responsible for this phosphorylation in cells has not been clearly established. In the present study, we show that Nur77 is phosphorylated on this site by RSK (ribosomal S6 kinase) and MSK (mitogen- and stress-activated kinase), but not by PKB (protein kinase B) or PKA (protein kinase A), in vitro. In cells, phosphorylation of Nur77 in vivo is catalysed by RSK, which is activated downstream of the classical MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade. Phosphorylation of Nur77 by RSK is able to promote the binding of Nur77 to 14-3-3 proteins in vitro, however, no evidence could be seen for this interaction in cells. We have established that two related proteins, Nurr1 and Nor1, are also phosphorylated on the equivalent site by RSK in cells in response to mitogenic stimulation.
authors.affiliation: MRC Protein Phosphorylation Unit, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 5EH, UK.
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Wingate
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peggie
authors.forename: J Simon C
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Arthur
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011485:Protein Binding; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000378:metabolism*; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D008934:Mitogens; C539821:NR4A1 protein, human; C539882:NR4A2 protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C539818:Nr4a1 protein, mouse; C539883:Nr4a2 protein, mouse; C490411:Nr4a3 protein, mouse; D057105:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1; D057126:Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D011988:Receptors, Thyroid Hormone; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D019893:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases; D038744:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa; C116919:mitogen and stress-activated protein kinase 1