title: Identification and analysis of Hic-5/ARA55 isoforms: Implications for integrin signaling and steroid hormone action.
abstract: Hic-5/ARA55 is a LIM-only member of the paxillin superfamily. Conflicting reports have suggested that Hic-5/ARA55 can both repress and enhance a number of biological processes, including myogenesis and tumorigenesis. With two Hic-5 isoforms documented, we hypothesized that multiple Hic-5 isoforms may exist that have both overlapping and isoform-specific functions. To test this hypothesis, we performed an extensive analysis of Hic-5 transcripts in both cell lines and mouse tissues and found 12 distinct isoforms that fall into two sub-families. These isoforms are derived from both alternative splicing and alternative transcriptional start sites (TSS). Hic-5 expression is regulated in a temporally and spatially controlled manner in vivo. The identification of numerous Hic-5 isoforms suggests that Hic-5 subsumes a number of distinct roles in cells and may explain the range of biological responses attributed to Hic-5.
authors.affiliation: Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 01003, USA.
authors.forename: Zhengliang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Lawrence M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D017398:Alternative Splicing; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; D006728:Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000254:growth & development; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D032446:Myoblasts / Q000737:chemistry; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013256:Steroids / Q000378:metabolism; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D024363:Transcription Initiation Site; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D016023:Integrins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D013256:Steroids; C090090:Tgfb1i1 protein, mouse