title: Giant cystine stone in an infant bladder with no evidence of cystinuria--valence of possible pathomechanisms.
abstract: Bladder calculi account for approximately 5% of all urinary calculi. Children are at high risk in endemic areas whereas otherwise the entity is rare. Diet, voiding dysfunction and uncorrected anatomical abnormalities predispose to bladder stone formation. We report the case of a 2-year-old girl with a giant cystine bladder stone without relevant cystinuria and a small left kidney. Suprapubic cystolithotomy was performed for stone removal. We discuss possible associations of cystine calculi with unilateral genitourinary pathologies in the absence of persistent excess cystinuria.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatric Urology, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schwentner
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oswald
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lunacek
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bartsch
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Radmayr
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003545:Cysteine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D003555:Cystinuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D012307:Risk Factors; D001744:Urinary Bladder Calculi / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: D003545:Cysteine