title: Effect of fiber orientation on propagation: electrical mapping of genetically altered mouse hearts.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Epicardial potentials reveal the strong effects of fiber anisotropy, rotation, imbrication, and coupling on propagation in the intact heart. From the patterns of the surface potentials, we can obtain information about the local fiber orientation, anisotropy, the transmural fiber rotation, and which direction the wave front is traveling through the wall. In this study, lessons learned from epicardial potential mapping of large hearts were applied to studies conducted in genetically altered mouse hearts.
  
  
  METHODS
  An inducible model of the overexpression of a gain-of-function alpha5 integrin (cytoplasmic domain truncation) was created in mouse. After 3 days of administration of doxycycline, the animals exhibited an altered electrical phenotype of markedly reduced amplitude of the QRS complex on the surface electrocardiogram. Epicardial potentials were recorded from Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts with alpha5 integrin gain-of-function mutations and from wild-type (WT) control hearts. A cylindrical electrode array consisting of 184 sites with 1-mm uniform interelectrode spacing was placed around the heart, and unipolar electrograms were recorded during atrial and ventricular stimulation at different basic cycle lengths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The total ventricular activation time for the transgenic animals was greater than that of the WT hearts for atrial and ventricular pacing locations. The isopotential maps from the mutated hearts showed a loss of anisotropy, as revealed by the more rounded and less elliptically shaped wave fronts seen immediately after epicardial point stimulation when compared with WT hearts. The weaker potential maxima in the mutated hearts did not exhibit the normal expansion and rotation associated with an advancing wave front in a normal heart, suggesting abnormalities in myocyte coupling in these hearts. Isopotential maps provided additional information about fiber architecture from the electric field that was not obtained from optical recordings alone. These findings provided a phenotypic characterization and specific insights into the mechanisms of the electrical abnormalities associated with altered integrin signaling in cardiac myocytes.
authors.affiliation: Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City Utah, 84112-5000, USA. punske@curti.utah.edu
authors.forename: Bonnie B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Punske
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Taccardi
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Steadman
authors.forename: Philip R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Ershler
authors.forename: Alice
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: England
authors.forename: Maria L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Valencik
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: Sheldon E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Litwin
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D018780:Body Surface Potential Mapping; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D005260:Female; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000503:physiopathology; D016023:Integrins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D032383:Myocytes, Cardiac / Q000473:pathology; D010496:Pericardium / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010641:Phenotype; D015398:Signal Transduction
chemical_list: D016023:Integrins