title: Biologically effective dose values for prostate brachytherapy: effects on PSA failure and posttreatment biopsy results.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze the effect of biologically effective dose (BED) values on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure and posttreatment biopsy.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1990 to 2003, 1,377 patients had prostate brachytherapy alone (I-125 or Pd-103) (571), hormonal and brachytherapy (371), and trimodality therapy (hormonal, implant, and external beam) (435). Dose was defined as the D90 (dose delivered to 90% of the gland from the dose-volume histogram).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Freedom from PSA failure (FFPF) at 10 years was 87%. The 10-year FFPF for BED<100, >100-120, >120-140, >140-160, <160-180, >180-200, and >200 were 46%, 68%, 81%, 85.5%, 90%, 90%, and 92%, respectively (p<0.0001). BED and Gleason score had the greatest effect, with p values of p<0.0001 in multivariate analysis. Posttreatment positive biopsy rate was 7% (31/446). The positive biopsy rates for BED<or=100, >100-120, >120-140, >140-160, >160-180, >180-200, and >200 were 24% (8/33), 15% (3/20), 6% (2/33), 6% (3/52), 7% (6/82), 1% (1/72), and 3% (4/131), respectively (p<0.0001). BED was the most significant predictor of biopsy outcome in multivariate analysis (p=0.006).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biologically effective dose equations provide a method of comparing different isotopes and combined therapies in the brachytherapy management of prostate cancer. The effects of BED on FFPF and posttreatment biopsy demonstrate a strong dose-response relationship.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA. richard.stock@msnyuhealth.org
authors.forename: Richard G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Stock
authors.forename: Nelson N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Jamie A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Cesaretti
authors.forename: Barry S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Rosenstein
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D001706:Biopsy; D001918:Brachytherapy; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010165:Palladium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011467:Prostate / Q000473:pathology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D010165:Palladium; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen