title: Combinations of polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to proteins of the outer membranes of the two infectious forms of vaccinia virus protect mice against a lethal respiratory challenge.
abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that antibodies to live vaccinia virus infection are needed for optimal protection against orthopoxvirus infection. The present report is the first to compare the protective abilities of individual and combinations of specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies that target proteins of the intracellular (IMV) and extracellular (EV) forms of vaccinia virus. The antibodies were directed to one IMV membrane protein, L1, and to two outer EV membrane proteins, A33 and B5. In vitro studies showed that the antibodies to L1 neutralized IMV and that the antibodies to A33 and B5 prevented the spread of EV in liquid medium. Prophylactic administration of individual antibodies to BALB/c mice partially protected them against disease following intranasal challenge with lethal doses of vaccinia virus. Combinations of antibodies, particularly anti-L1 and -A33 or -L1 and -B5, provided enhanced protection when administered 1 day before or 2 days after challenge. Furthermore, the protection was superior to that achieved with pooled immune gamma globulin from human volunteers inoculated with live vaccinia virus. In addition, single injections of anti-L1 plus anti-A33 antibodies greatly delayed the deaths of severe combined immunodeficiency mice challenged with vaccinia virus. These studies suggest that antibodies to two or three viral membrane proteins optimally derived from the outer membranes of IMV and EV, may be beneficial for prophylaxis or therapy of orthopoxvirus infections.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 4 Memorial Dr., MSC 0445, Bethesda, MD 20892-0445, USA.
authors.forename: Shlomo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lustig
authors.forename: Christiana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fogg
authors.forename: J Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Whitbeck
authors.forename: Roselyn J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Eisenberg
authors.forename: Gary H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Moss
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D011024:Pneumonia, Viral / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D014615:Vaccinia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000276:immunology*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D014764:Viral Proteins
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000956:Antigens, Viral; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C080409:vaccinia surface antigen