title: Effects of CpG-ODN on gene expression in formation of foam cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN) on the formation of macrophage foam cells and related gene expression.
  
  
  METHODS
  A gene expression profile was examined by microarray techniques, and mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The cholesterol and cholesteryl ester contents of cells were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CD36, LPL, and Fcgamma2b, which were related to lipid metabolism and the formation of macrophage foam cells, were upregulated after CpG-ODN stimulation. The mRNA expression related to the formation of foam cells was confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Moreover, histochemical analysis confirmed that lipid deposits inside cells increased after CpG-ODN treatment. However, using flow cytometry, we found that CpG-ODN had no effect on the expression of membrane receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CpG-ODN up-regulated the expression of genes in macrophage foam cell formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wan
authors.forename: Zhen-lin
authors.initials: ZL
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Ying
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Xiao-wen
authors.initials: XW
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jiang
authors.forename: Shu-han
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sun
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D018955:CD36 Antigens / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D002788:Cholesterol Esters / Q000378:metabolism; D004247:DNA / Q000494:pharmacology; D005487:Foam Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D017452:Receptors, IgG / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020298:U937 Cells
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D018955:CD36 Antigens; C408982:CPG-oligonucleotide; D002788:Cholesterol Esters; C423449:CpG ODN 1826; C513533:CpG ODN 2006; C499172:Fcgr2b protein, mouse; D009838:Oligodeoxyribonucleotides; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017452:Receptors, IgG; D004247:DNA; D002784:Cholesterol; D008071:Lipoprotein Lipase