title: [Surgical management of atrio-ventricular septal defects: a single-institutional experience].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Atrio-ventricular septal (AVSD) defects include a variable spectrum of congenital malformations with different forms of clinical presentation. We report the surgical results, from a single institution, with this type of congenital cardiac malformation. Patients with hypoplasia of one of the ventricles were excluded from this analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between November of 1998 and June of 2005, 49 patients with AVSD were operated on by the same team and in the same department. The average age was 37.3 months (medium 6 months) and 31 patients were female. In 38 patients (78%) an inter-ventricular communication was present (AVSD-complete) and of these, 26 were of the type A of Rastelli, being 13 of type B or C. The age for defect correction of the complete form was of 5.5 months, palliative surgery was not carried out on any of the patients. Associated lesions included: Down's syndrome in 22 patients (45%), patent arterial duct in 17 patients (35%), severe AV regurgitation in 4 patients (8%), tetralogy of Fallot in two (4%) and sub-aortic stenosis in one patient (2%). Pre-operatively 10 patients presented severe congestive heart failure and two were mechanically ventilated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete biventricular correction was carried out in all patients. The average time on bypass (ECC) was 74.1+/-17.5 min. and time of aortic clamping was 52.0+/-12.9 min. The complete defects were corrected by the double patch technique, and in all patients the mitral cleft was closed, except in two with single papillary muscle. There was no intra-operative mortality, but hospital mortality was 8%(4 patients), due to pulmonary hypertension crises, in the first 15 post-operative days. The mean ventilation time was of 36.5+/-93 hours (medium 7 h) and the average ICU stay was of 4.3+/-4.8 days (medium 3 days). The minimum follow-up period is 1 month and the maximum is 84 months (medium 29.5 months), during which time 4 re-operations (8%) took place: two for residual VSD's and two for mitral regurgitation. There was no mortality at re-do surgery. At follow up there was residual mitral regurgitation, mild in 17 patients and moderate in two. Four other patients presented with minor residual defects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The complete correction of AVSD can be carried out with acceptable results, in a varied spectrum of anatomic forms and of clinical severity. Despite the age of correction, for the complete forms, predominantly below 12 months, pulmonary hypertension was the constant cause for post operative mortality. Earlier timing of surgery and stricter peri-operative control might still improve results.
authors.affiliation: Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, Hospital de Santa Marta, Lisboa.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Afonso
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Banazol
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nogueira
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pinto
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fragata
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fragata
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies