title: Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography of congenital inferior vena cava anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Congenital anomalies of the inferior vena cava (IVC) are infrequent conditions. Most are asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. However, their recognition may sometimes have relevant clinical and therapeutic implications. The purpose of this report is to emphasize the importance of accurate identification and to assess the utility of three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D contrast-enhanced MRA) in their evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the 3D contrast-enhanced MRA of 21 patients in whom an IVC anomaly was found.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Five of these anomalies concerned the hepatic and prerenal segments, seven were located in the renal segment, and finally, the last nine concerned the postrenal segment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IVC anomalies are uncommon conditions which may sometimes have important clinical implications. 3D contrast-enhanced MRA is a good method not only to identify them, but also to depict them accurately and safely.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. jaime.cuadrado@terra.es
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fernandez-Cuadrado
authors.forename: Ana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Alonso-Torres
authors.forename: Franzisca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Baudraxler
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Almaraz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D018810:Magnetic Resonance Angiography; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA