title: Does priming for mastery goals improve the performance of students with an entity view of ability?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There is evidence that an entity view of ability (where ability is viewed as a fixed entity that cannot be changed) is linked with social comparison goals and poor performance. On the other hand, an incremental view of ability (where ability is viewed as an acquirable skill) is linked with a mastery goal orientation and positive achievement outcomes. On these bases, the present study sought evidence that priming students with an entity view of ability to pursue mastery goals would result in improved performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants were 48 students with an entity view of ability, and 48 students with an incremental view of ability.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 2 (views of ability: entity, incremental) x 2 (performance feedback: success, failure) x 2 (goal priming: mastery, social comparison) between-subjects factorial design to examine the effects of goal priming on performance for students with either an incremental or entity view of ability following either success or failure feedback. Prior to, and following, performance feedback, participants completed parallel measures of state anxiety. Participants were then primed for either social comparison goals prior to attempting to solve 16 Unicursal (tracing puzzle) tasks. Their performance on a subsequent set of Unicursal tasks was then examined. Finally participants completed a State Goals Scale assessing their degree of endorsement of social comparison/mastery goals whilst working on the Unicursal tasks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The performance of students with an incremental view of ability was comparable irrespective of whether they were initially exposed to success and failure feedback and irrespective of whether they were primed for mastery or social comparison goals. However the performance of students with an entity view of ability improved when they were primed for mastery relative to social comparison goals irrespective of whether they were initially exposed to success or failure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings confirm the performance-limiting consequences of social comparison goals for participants with an entity view of ability, suggesting benefits in encouraging these students to pursue mastery goals.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia. T.Thompson@utas.edu.au
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Musket
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001076:Aptitude; D001290:Attitude; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D006040:Goals; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D012938:Social Perception; D013334:Students / Q000523:psychology*; D013648:Tasmania; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D014477:Underachievement