title: Effect of individual amino acids and glucose on activation and germination of Rhizopus oligosporus sporangiospores in tempe starter.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand the conditions promoting activation and germination of spores, and to contribute to the control of tempe starters.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using microscopic counts of fluorescent labelled spores, the following results were obtained: (1) L-alanine plays an important role (of the same order as that of peptone) in stimulation of germination of dormant spores. Alanine can satisfy the requirements of carbon as well as nitrogen for spore germination; (2) L-proline, on the other hand, inhibits alanine uptake presumably by blocking/congesting transporters of spore cells, resulting in apparent low viability on agar media; (3) L-leucine and L-isoleucine slightly favour spore germination while L-arginine and L-lysine do not have any stimulating effect; (4) The stimulatory role of glucose was only evident in the presence of phosphate (in minimal medium); when glucose is used in the absence of phosphate, either alone or in combination with single amino acids its role is hardly distinguishable; (5) Phosphate plays a facilitating role in spore germination.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Glucose and amino acids play important roles in activation and germination of sporangiospores of Rhizopus oligosporus in tempe starter (stored for 12 months). The ability and rate of germination of dormant/old sporangiospores of R. oligosporus, depend on their ability for uptake of individual amino acids and/or glucose.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  New light was shed on the counteractive role of proline and the stimulating effect of phosphate. Soybeans subjected to traditional preparation for tempe making are heavily leached; germination of starter spores on such beans is sub-optimal, and bean processing could be optimized.
authors.affiliation: Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam.
authors.forename: N V
authors.initials: NV
authors.lastname: Thanh
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rombouts
authors.forename: M J R
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nout
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001120:Arginine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D001622:Betaine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000379:methods; D003470:Culture Media; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods; D005516:Food Microbiology; D018525:Germination / Q000502:physiology; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007532:Isoleucine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007930:Leucine / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D011392:Proline / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D012233:Rhizopus / Q000502:physiology*; D013025:Glycine max / Q000378:metabolism; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003470:Culture Media; D010710:Phosphates; D007532:Isoleucine; D001622:Betaine; D001120:Arginine; D011392:Proline; D007930:Leucine; D005947:Glucose; D000409:Alanine