title: The structural equation modeling technique did not show a response shift, contrary to the results of the then test and the individualized approaches.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Persons experiencing changes in their physical health may change their values and rerate the importance of basic elements of health-related quality of life (HRQL), a process known as response shift. Developing an estimator of HRQL that differentiates between objective change and response shift is essential for the interpretation of the results. The purpose of the present article was to contrast three methodologic approaches for evaluating response shift to develop a proposed set of HRQL measurement recommendations under circumstances where response shift is expected to occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  The three approaches compared were a structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, the then test, and an individualized approach. The data collection procedures for these methods were incorporated into a poststroke randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The SEM did not show a response shift, contrary to the results of the then test and the individualized approaches. We discuss factors that effect the selection of a methodologic approach including feasibility, subjects' memory and more advanced cognitive tasks, and whether response shift was evaluated at the group or individual level.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The evaluation of response shift is an integral part of HRQL evaluations, and further comparisons between methodologic approaches are needed.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Health Informatics Research Group, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. sara.ahmed@mail.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: Sara
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Nancy E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Mayo
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wood-Dauphinee
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hanley
authors.forename: S Robin
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Cohen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D003625:Data Collection; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D006304:Health Status; D006801:Humans; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011594:Psychometrics; D011788:Quality of Life; D012647:Self-Assessment; D020521:Stroke / Q000523:psychology