title: Gene expression profiling of nonneoplastic mucosa may predict clinical outcome of colon cancer patients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the possibility to build a prognosis predictor, based on microarray gene expression measures, in Stage II and III colon cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor and nonneoplastic mucosa mRNA samples from 12 colon cancer patients were profiled using the Affymetrix HGU133A GeneChip. Six of 12 patients experienced a metachronous metastasis, whereas the 6 others remained disease-free for more than five years. Three datasets were constituted, including, respectively, the gene expression measures in tumor samples (T), in adjacent nonneoplastic mucosa samples (A), and the log-ratio of the gene expression measures (L). The step-down procedure of Westfall and Young and the k-nearest neighbor class prediction method were applied on T, A, and L. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to estimate the generalization error of predictors based on different numbers of genes and neighbors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most frequent results were one false prediction with the A-based predictors (95 percent) and two false predictions with the T- and L: -based predictors (65 and 60 percent, respectively). A-based predictors were more stable (i.e., less sensitive to changes of parameters, such as numbers of genes and neighbors) than T- and L: -based predictors. Informative genes in A-based predictors included genes involved in the oxidative and phosphorylative mitochondrial metabolism and genes involved in cell-signaling pathways and their receptors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study suggests that one can build a prognosis predictor for Stage II and III colon cancer patients, based on microarray gene expression measures, and suggests the potential usefulness of nonneoplastic mucosa for this purpose.
authors.affiliation: Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Hôpital Tenon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Assistance Publique, Paris, France. barrier@stat.berkeley.edu
authors.forename: Alain
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Barrier
authors.forename: Pierre-Yves
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Boelle
authors.forename: Antoinette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lemoine
authors.forename: Chantal
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Didier
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Brault
authors.forename: Franck
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chiappini
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lacaine
authors.forename: Sidney
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Houry
authors.forename: Michel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Huguier
authors.forename: Antoine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flahault
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dudoit
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005189:False Positive Reactions; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome