title: Brief communication: physical abuse of boys and possible associations with poor adult outcomes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Men's childhood physical abuse experiences are understudied.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To obtain descriptions about men's personal childhood physical abuse histories and estimate their association with adult outcomes.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based telephone survey.
  
  
  METHODS
  Urban areas with high frequency of domestic violence against girls and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  298 men recruited through random-digit dialing.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 Conflict Tactics Scale items and psychiatric, sexual, and legal history questions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred of 197 (51%) participants had a history of childhood physical abuse. Most (73%) participants were abused by a parent. Childhood physical abuse history was associated with depression symptoms (P = 0.003), post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (P < 0.001), number of lifetime sexual partners (P = 0.035), legal troubles (P = 0.002), and incarceration (P = 0.007) in unadjusted analyses and with depression symptoms (P = 0.015) and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (P = 0.003) in adjusted analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There may have been inaccurate recall of past events. Lack of exposure time data disallowed direct comparison of abuse perpetration by mothers versus fathers. Other unmeasured variables related to childhood physical abuse might better explain poor adult outcomes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high frequency of childhood physical abuse histories in this population-based male sample, coupled with the high proportion of parent perpetrators and the association between childhood physical abuse and adult outcomes that are often associated with perpetration of violence, argues for more study of and clinical attentiveness to potential adult outcomes of men's own childhood physical abuse histories.
authors.affiliation: Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6021, USA. holmeswc@mail.med.upenn.edu
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Holmes
authors.forename: Mary D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Sammel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D003415:Crime; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014505:Urban Population