title: Yttrium-90 microsphere therapy for hepatic malignancy: devices, indications, technical considerations, and potential complications.
abstract: Management of hepatic malignancies is a ubiquitous medical problem. Surgical resection of primary or metastatic liver cancer, with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, is the most effective method for enhancing survival; however, hepatic malignancies in the vast majority of patients are unresectable both at initial manifestation and at recurrence. In these patients, palliative cytoreductive therapies may help to retard tumor progression and therefore favorably alter the course of the disease. Since hepatic neoplasms are principally supplied by the hepatic artery, various arterially delivered cytotoxic agents have been developed to achieve these objectives. Recently, the Food and Drug Administration approved the transarterial administration of yttrium-90 microspheres for liver-directed therapy. Effective use of these devices requires knowledge of the accumulated clinical experience and a dedicated multidisciplinary effort to ensure optimal outcomes and avoid therapy-specific life-threatening complications.
authors.affiliation: Interventional Radiology Section, Division of Diagnostic Imaging, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 325, Houston, TX 77030, USA. rmurthy@di.mdacc.tmc.edu
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Murthy
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nunez
authors.forename: Janio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Szklaruk
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Erwin
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Madoff
authors.forename: Sanjay
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Kamran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ahrar
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Douglas M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Coldwell
authors.forename: Andrew S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Kennedy
authors.forename: Marshall E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Hicks
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D008297:Male; D008863:Microspheres; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D004337:Drug Carriers; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes