title: Side-effect profile of brimonidine tartrate in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate brimonidine-related side effects and the efficacy of brimonidine in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in children with primary infantile and secondary glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-center, prospective, interventional, noncomparative case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three children (mean age, 7.84 years) met the inclusion criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical records were reviewed to identify children with primary infantile or other forms of secondary pediatric glaucoma from birth to 15 years who received brimonidine as adjunctive therapy for glaucoma. The parents of the children who met the inclusion criteria completed a detailed questionnaire-based interview. The children were examined to assess weight, major systemic effects, and efficacy of adjunctive brimonidine therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaire-based interview of parents to assess side effects of brimonidine and IOP-lowering effect of adjunctive brimonidine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Parents reported symptoms in 70 of 83 children (84%). The most common side effects were excessive sleepiness and lethargy (76%), eye itching and rubbing (49%), and stinging and burning of the eyes (39%). Logistic regression analysis showed a statistically significant independent association between age and weight with lethargy and sleepiness. In symptomatic patients, symptoms' frequency increased with low weight (<20 kg) and in the young (<6 years). Mean IOP reduction after initiation of brimonidine, mainly as an adjunct, was 5+/-6.7 mmHg (P<0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Side effects after the use of brimonidine in children were frequent. The weight and age of the child were important factors in predicting central nervous system side effects, especially excessive sleepiness and lethargy. Although brimonidine is effective in lowering IOP in children, alternative glaucoma therapy should be considered especially in children weighing <20 kg and those younger than 6 years.
authors.affiliation: King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
authors.forename: Sami
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Shahwan
authors.forename: Abdullah A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Al-Torbak
authors.forename: Shahira
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turkmani
authors.forename: Mamdouh
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Omran
authors.forename: Ibrahim
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Al-Jadaan
authors.forename: Deepak P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Edward
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D011810:Quinoxalines; D000068438:Brimonidine Tartrate