title: Androgen deprivation use with external beam radiation for prostate cancer: results from CaPSURE.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recent data support the role of androgen deprivation in men undergoing external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. The benefits of neoadjuvant, concurrent or adjuvant treatment have been limited to men at intermediate and high risk. We examined the patterns and predictors of androgen deprivation in men undergoing external beam radiation therapy in CaPSURE.
  
  
  METHODS
  CaPSURE is an observational, longitudinal disease registry, from which 932 men met study inclusion criteria. Androgen deprivation was classified as neoadjuvant-within 9 months of radiation or adjuvant-from the start of radiation to 6 months after completion. Time trends in androgen deprivation as well factors associated with combined therapy were elucidated using multivariate analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In this study 40%, 39% and 21% of men could be categorized into high, intermediate and low risk groups, respectively. Overall 42% and 33% of patients received neoadjuvant and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy, respectively. Between 1997 and 2002 neoadjuvant hormone use increased significantly in all risk groups, including patients at low risk. On multivariate analyses only the year of diagnosis and clinical risk group were associated with receiving androgen deprivation with radiation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A significant increase in combined androgen deprivation and external radiation was observed in the last decade in men with intermediate and high risk disease. Nevertheless, more widespread acceptance is necessary since a substantial minority continue to receive radiation alone. Many patients with low risk disease that is amenable to radiation monotherapy also receive androgen deprivation. No clinical or sociodemographic features predicted the use of androgen deprivation with external radiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Program in Urologic Oncology and Urologic Outcomes Research Group, University of California-San Francisco/Mt. Zion Cancer Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94115-1711, USA.
authors.forename: Sangtae
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Maxwell V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Meng
authors.forename: Eric P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Elkin
authors.forename: Joycelyn L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Speight
authors.forename: Janeen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: DuChane
authors.forename: Peter R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Carroll
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011336:Probability; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D012042:Registries; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen