title: A negative elongation factor for human RNA polymerase II inhibits the anti-arrest transcript-cleavage factor TFIIS.
abstract: Formation of productive transcription complexes after promoter escape by RNA polymerase II is a major event in eukaryotic gene regulation. Both negative and positive factors control this step. The principal negative elongation factor (NELF) contains four polypeptides and requires for activity the two-polypeptide 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribobenzimidazole-sensitivity inducing factor (DSIF). DSIF/NELF inhibits early transcript elongation until it is counteracted by the positive elongation factor P-TEFb. We report a previously undescribed activity of DSIF/NELF, namely inhibition of the transcript cleavage factor TFIIS. These two activities of DSIF/NELF appear to be mechanistically distinct. Inhibition of nucleotide addition requires > or = 18 nt of nascent RNA, whereas inhibition of TFIIS occurs at all transcript lengths. Because TFIIS promotes escape from promoter-proximal pauses by stimulating cleavage of back-tracked nascent RNA, TFIIS inhibition may help DSIF/NELF negatively regulate productive transcription.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
authors.forename: Murali
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Palangat
authors.forename: Dan B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Renner
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Landick
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008958:Models, Molecular; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D011487:Protein Conformation; D012313:RNA / Q000378:metabolism; D012319:RNA Polymerase II / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; C411985:NSMF protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; C112224:SUPT5H protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D035602:Transcriptional Elongation Factors; C018648:transcription factor S-II; D012313:RNA; D004247:DNA; D012319:RNA Polymerase II