title: Psammomys obesus (sand rat), a new animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized condition that includes a spectrum of clinicopathologic conditions ranging from steatotosis to cirrhosis and liver failure. NAFLD is usually associated with features of the metabolic syndrome. No established therapies can be offered to patients with NAFLD. An appropriate animal model of NAFLD would be of help in understanding the mechanisms of the disease and in testing novel therapeutic modalities. Available animal models, such as ob/ob and db/db mice, are unsatisfactory since they show only partial resemblance to human NAFLD. Psammomys obesus (sand rat) is a well-established model of type-2 diabetes and obesity, which shares most metabolic parameters of the human metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we hypothesized that P. obesus will also show features of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental and control animals were fed normal rat chow or either chow to which fiber (30% wheat straw) was added for 6-18 weeks. Body weight and capillary glucose were measured regularly. At sacrifice blood samples, liver and epididymal fat were obtained. Histology of the liver was blindly determined by a pathologist.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The experimental group showed increased body weight, liver and abdominal fat pad mass, raised plasma glucose, insulin and lipids. Also, alanine-aminotransferase (189+/-76 IU versus 86+/-26 IU; p<0.0001) was significantly higher in the experimental than the control group. Microscopic examination of liver tissue demonstrated marked macrovesicular fat infiltration in the experimental group while it was histologicaly normal in the control animals (liver fat score 1.7+/-1.0 and 0.2+/-0.4; p<0.0001, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fed a calorie-rich diet P. obesus develops a syndrome, which shares metabolic, laboratory and histopathologic characteristics compatible with human NAFLD.
authors.affiliation: Atherosclerosis and Metabolism Unit, Medicine B, Department of Medicine, Soroka UMC and Ben-Gurion University FOHS, Beer-Sheva, Israel. max@bgu.ac.il
authors.forename: Maximo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maislos
authors.forename: Vitali
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Medvedovskv
authors.forename: Ignacio
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sztarkier
authors.forename: Arieh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yaari
authors.forename: Emanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sikuler
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001835:Body Weight; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005849:Gerbillinae; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008820:Mice, Obese; D009929:Organ Size
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D007328:Insulin; D008055:Lipids; D000410:Alanine Transaminase