title: [Soft tissue infections in oral, maxillofacial, and plastic surgery. Bacterial spectra and antibiotics].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Soft tissue infections in the maxillofacial region are mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli but also by members of the genera Enterococcus, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter, respectively.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective study 96 patients with severe maxillofacial non-odontogenic postoperative soft tissue infections were analyzed with regard to the bacterial spectrum and resistance patterns against antibiotics. The dominating bacteria were Streptococci (25% of the isolates) and Staphylococci (24% of the isolates). In addition, members of Enterobacteriaceae were isolated in approximately 10% of the cases. The most frequent anaerobes found were as follows: Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Prevotella and Fusobacterium.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The resistance rates against antibiotics found were: penicillin G 36%, ampicillin 42%, and doxycycline 36%. In addition, the resistance rate against erythromycin and clindamycin was 26% and 7%, respectively. No resistant strains were detected against vancomycin and teicoplanin. All anaerobes showed a low antimicrobial resistance as previously described for odontogenic infections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In summary, soft tissue infections in the maxillofacial region present a different spectrum of bacteria in contrast to the well-investigated odontogenic infections. Antibiotic administration should be, whenever possible, performed after differentiation of involved strains and resistogram. The most promising antibiotics are imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin as well as cefotiam. Modern fluoroquinolones will be the antibiotics of the future.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. aw.eckert.wissenschaft@web.de
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilhelms
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019647:Oral Surgical Procedures; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D018461:Soft Tissue Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology; D013518:Surgery, Plastic; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents