title: In a prospective study in young people, associations between changes in smoking behavior and risk factors for cardiovascular disease were complex.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigates how voluntary changes in tobacco consumption are related to changes in biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease in 21- to 36-year-old men and women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data of the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study (AGAHLS) were used to study the association between voluntary changes in tobacco consumption and changes in biological risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) during 4-6 years of follow-up in 165 men and 195 women aged 21-36 years. We used multiple linear regression analyses with corrections for age and changes in other lifestyles.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both sexes, we found trends for a reduction in blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), body weight, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and a rise in the ratio between total serum cholesterol (TC) and HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) with increasing tobacco consumption. Opposite trends were found with reducing tobacco consumption. In women, body weight, WHR, and waist circumference reduced significantly and independently with increasing tobacco consumption and increased significantly with decreasing tobacco consumption.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that voluntary changes in tobacco consumption go together with both healthy and unhealthy changes in biological risk factors for CVD.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Research in Extramural Medicine (EMGO Institute), VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Claire M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bernaards
authors.forename: Jos W R
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Snel
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Mechelen
authors.forename: Han C G
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kemper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001824:Body Constitution; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D002784:Cholesterol