title: HIV type 1 subtypes in circulation in northern Kenya.
abstract: The genetic subtypes of HIV-1 circulating in northern Kenya have not been characterized. Here we report the partial sequencing and analysis of samples collected in the years 2003 and 2004 from 72 HIV-1-positive patients in northern Kenya, which borders Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan. From the analysis of partial env sequences, it was determined that 50% were subtype A, 39% subtype C, and 11% subtype D. This shows that in the northern border region of Kenya subtypes A and C are the dominant HIV-1 subtypes in circulation. Ethiopia is dominated mainly by HIV-1 subtype C, which incidentally is the dominant subtype in the town of Moyale, which borders Ethiopia. These results show that cross-border movements play an important role in the circulation of subtypes in Northern Kenya.
authors.affiliation: Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. skhamadi@nairobi.mimcom.net
authors.forename: Samoel A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Khamadi
authors.forename: Washington
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ochieng
authors.forename: Raphael W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Lihana
authors.forename: Joyceline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kinyua
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muriuki
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mwangi
authors.forename: Raphael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lwembe
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kiptoo
authors.forename: Saida
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Osman
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lagat
authors.forename: Roger
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pelle
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Muigai
authors.forename: Jane Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Isao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oishi
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ichimura
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Mwaniki
authors.forename: Fredrick A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Okoth
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mpoke
authors.forename: Elijah M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Songok
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015752:Genes, env / Q000235:genetics; D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41 / Q000235:genetics; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D015700:HIV Envelope Protein gp41