title: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) shortly after hexavalent vaccination: another pathology in suspected SIDS?
abstract: Experts from panels of the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products have investigated whether there might be a link between hexavalent vaccines and some cases of deaths that occurred. Participants included pathologists with experience in the field of vaccines and sudden infant death syndrome who conducted autopsies. However, to the best of our knowledge, little, if any, attention was paid to examination of the brainstem and the cardiac conduction systems on serial sections, nor was the possibility of a triggering role of the vaccine in these deaths considered. Herein we report the case of a 3-month-old female infant dying suddenly and unexpectedly shortly after being given a hexavalent vaccination. Examination of the brainstem on serial sections revealed bilateral hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus. The cardiac conduction system presented persistent fetal dispersion and resorptive degeneration. This case offers a unique insight into the possible role of hexavalent vaccine in triggering a lethal outcome in a vulnerable baby. Any case of sudden unexpected death occurring perinatally and in infancy, especially soon after a vaccination, should always undergo a full necropsy study according to our guidelines.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Milan, Via della Commenda 19, Milan 20122, Italy.
authors.forename: Giulia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ottaviani
authors.forename: Anna Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Lavezzi
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Matturri
mesh_terms: D001111:Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus / Q000473:pathology*; D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000473:pathology*; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects; D013398:Sudden Infant Death / Q000209:etiology*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D022681:Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines; D018073:Haemophilus Vaccines; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D023321:Poliovirus Vaccines; D014612:Vaccines