title: Legislation for smoke-free workplaces and health of bar workers in Ireland: before and after study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare exposure to secondhand smoke and respiratory health in bar staff in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland before and after the introduction of legislation for smoke-free workplaces in the Republic.
  
  
  METHODS
  Comparisons before and after the legislation in intervention and control regions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Public houses in three areas in the Republic (intervention) and one area in Northern Ireland (control).
  
  
  METHODS
  329 bar staff enrolled in baseline survey; 249 (76%) followed up one year later. Of these, 158 were non-smokers both at baseline and follow-up.
  
  
  METHODS
  Salivary cotinine concentration, self reported exposure to secondhand smoke, and respiratory and sensory irritation symptoms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In bar staff in the Republic who did not themselves smoke, salivary cotinine concentrations dropped by 80% after the smoke-free law (from median 29.0 nmol/l (95% confidence interval 18.2 to 43.2 nmol/l)) to 5.1 nmol/l (2.8 to 13.1 nmol/l) in contrast with a 20% decline in Northern Ireland over the same period (from median 25.3 nmol/l (10.4 to 59.2 nmol/l) to 20.4 nmol/l (13.2 to 33.8 nmol/l)). Changes in self reported exposure to secondhand smoke were consistent with the changes in cotinine concentrations. Reporting any respiratory symptom declined significantly in the Republic (down 16.7%, -26.1% to -7.3%) but not in Northern Ireland (0% difference, -32.7% to 32.7%). After adjustment for confounding, respiratory symptoms declined significantly more in the Republic than in Northern Ireland and the decline in cotinine concentration was twice as great.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The smoke-free law in the Republic of Ireland protects non-smoking bar workers from exposure to secondhand smoke.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Trinity College Centre for Health Sciences, AMNCH, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Republic of Ireland. sllwrght@tcd.ie
authors.forename: Shane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Allwright
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Greiner
authors.forename: Bernie J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mullally
authors.forename: Lisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pursell
authors.forename: Alan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: Brendan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bonner
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Eath
authors.forename: Bill
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: McConnell
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McLaughlin
authors.forename: Diarmuid
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: O'Donovan
authors.forename: Eamon
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: O'kane
authors.forename: Ivan J
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: Perry
mesh_terms: D003367:Cotinine / Q000032:analysis; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D006801:Humans; D007202:Indicators and Reagents / Q000032:analysis; D007494:Ireland; D009660:Northern Ireland; D016272:Occupational Health / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012147:Restaurants / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry; D012650:Self Disclosure; D012907:Smoking / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D017132:Workplace / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution; D003367:Cotinine