title: Cost-effectiveness comparison of current proton-pump inhibitors to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in the UK.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a recurring condition with many patients requiring long-term maintenance therapy. Therefore initial choice of treatment has long-term cost implications. The aim was to compare the costs and effectiveness of treatment of GORD the (unconfirmed by endoscopy) with seven proton pump inhibitors (PPIs: esomeprazole, lansoprazole (capsules and oro-dispersible tablets), omeprazole (generic and branded), pantoprazole and rabeprazole), over one year.
  
  
  METHODS
  A treatment model was developed of 13 interconnected Markov models incorporating acute treatment of symptoms, long-term therapy and subsequent decisions to undertake endoscopy to confirm diagnosis. Patients were allowed to stop treatment or to receive maintenance treatment either continuously or on-demand depending on response to therapy. Long-term dosing schedule (high dose or step-down dose) was based on current market data. Efficacy of treatments was based on clinical trials and follow-up studies, while resource use patterns were determined by a panel of physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  The model predicts total expected annual costs, number of symptom-free days and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Generic omeprazole and rabeprazole dominated (i.e. cost less and resulted in more symptom-free days and higher QALY gains) the other PPIs. Rabeprazole had a favourable cost-effectiveness ratio of 3.42 pounds per symptom-free day and 8308 pounds/quality-adjusted life-year gained when compared with generic omeprazole. Rabeprazole remained cost-effective independent of choice of maintenance treatment (i.e. proportion of patients remaining on continuous treatment versus on-demand treatment).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Economic models provide a useful framework to evaluate PPIs in realistic clinical scenarios. Our findings show that rabeprazole is cost-effective for the treatment of GORD.
authors.affiliation: The MEDTAP Institute at UBC, London, UK. edit.remak@unitedbiosource.com
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Remák
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Robinson
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D064098:Esomeprazole; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D064747:Lansoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D064750:Rabeprazole; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006113:United Kingdom
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; D064747:Lansoprazole; D064750:Rabeprazole; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole; D064098:Esomeprazole