title: Inhaled corticosteroids for non-specific chronic cough in children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cough in isolation of other clinical features is known as non-specific cough, which has been defined as non-productive cough in the absence of identifiable respiratory disease or any known aetiology. In children with non-specific cough the possibility of asthma being the underlying disorder is often raised (so called cough variant asthma). The proponents of cough variant asthma suggest a therapeutic trial of medications usually used to treat asthma.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in non-specific cough in children over the age of two years.
  
  
  METHODS
  Searches were conducted on Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and EMBASE. Searches were current as of March 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  All randomised (randomised and quasi-randomised) controlled clinical trials in which an inhaled corticosteroid (beclomethasone (BDP), fluticasone (FP), triamcinalone (TAA) or any other corticosteroid) were given for cough in children over two years of age were included. Two review authors independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from trials was extracted by both review authors and entered into the Cochrane Collaboration software program RevMan Analyses 1.0.2.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two trials met the inclusion criteria (123 participants). One compared inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate (400 micrograms per day) with placebo and the other compared fluticasone propionate (2 mg per day for 3 days followed by 1 mg per day for 11 days) with placebo. Both studies used metered dose inhalers via a spacer. With the lower dose of inhaled corticosteroid there was no significant difference between the beclomethasone and placebo groups. With the higher dose there was a significant improvement in nocturnal cough frequency after two weeks in children presenting with persistent nocturnal cough. However, a significant but smaller improvement was also seen with placebo.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In one study beclomethasone dipropionate (400 micrograms per day) was no different from placebo in reducing the frequency of cough measured objectively or scored subjectively. There might be a small improvement with very high-dose inhaled corticosteroid but the clinical impact of this is unlikely to beneficial.
authors.affiliation: Queen's Medical Centre, Department of Child Health, Derby Road, Nottingham, UK NG7 2UH. ahmedtomerak@hotmail.com
authors.forename: A A T
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Tomerak
authors.forename: J J M
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: McGlashan
authors.forename: H H V
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Vyas
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: McKean
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D001507:Beclomethasone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003371:Cough / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D000068298:Fluticasone; D006801:Humans; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D000730:Androstadienes; D018927:Anti-Asthmatic Agents; D000068298:Fluticasone; D001507:Beclomethasone