title: Natural history of Fabry disease in females in the Fabry Outcome Survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Fabry disease is a rare X linked lysosomal storage disorder resulting from deficiency of alpha-galactosidase A activity. Although the severity of clinical features in male patients is well described, only recently have studies reported the high prevalence of disabling clinical features in heterozygous females.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study sets out to examine the clinical features and natural history of Fabry disease in further detail in a large group of female patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were obtained from 303 females enrolled in the Fabry Outcome Survey. Pain was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the European Quality of Life Questionnaire. A modified version of the Mainz Severity Score Index was also applied. Data on left ventricular mass (LVM) index, mean ventricular wall thickness, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were used to assess cardiac and renal involvement.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most commonly reported clinical features in females were neurological (77%) and cardiac (59%). A history of renal involvement was recorded in 40% of cases. Neurological features were the earliest to develop (mean age: 16 years), whereas cardiac (mean age: 33.5 years) and renal (mean age: 37.3 years) features developed later. LVM index increased exponentially with age. In addition, age was negatively correlated with estimated GFR and HRQoL.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Females with Fabry disease report important age related clinical features and clinical investigation demonstrates evidence of disease progression. This study highlights the importance of careful and longitudinal assessment of female heterozygote patients with Fabry disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK. pbd21@medschl.cam.ac.uk
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Deegan
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Baehner
authors.forename: M-A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Barba Romero
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kampmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Beck
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018450:Disease Progression; D004798:Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D000795:Fabry Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000473:pathology; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D007527:Isoenzymes; D000519:alpha-Galactosidase