title: Special relationships between fetal inflammatory response syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To confirm previous known relationships between Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome (FIRS) and neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and to present information on previously unknown special relationships between inflammatory variables and BPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  At delivery, we obtained biological specimens including umbilical cord venous blood for plasma interleukin-6 levels, as well as placental histology and bacteriology. Among other neonatal outcomes, we collected prospective information on BPD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 141 newborns in the study, 16 had BPD; 79% of these had antecedent FIRS, 27% of those without FIRS had BPD. By multivariable regression, only very low birth weight (adjusted [adj] odds ratio [OR] 32.0, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 5.0 to positive infinity) and FIRS (adj OR 5.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 42.3) remained significant risk factors. Escherichia coli, perhaps due to its pyogenic nature (strongly elicits inflammatory responses), may have had a special relationship with BPD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our data, FIRS and neonatal BPD are highly associated. It is possible that certain pyogenic bacteria in the chorioamnion space may be implicated more often than others.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Neonates having Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome at delivery may later develop BPD. Pyogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, may be implicated more frequently.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA. rmitten@lumc.edu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mittendorf
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Covert
authors.forename: Anthony G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Montag
authors.forename: Wafic
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: elMasri
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Muraskas
authors.forename: Kwang-Sun
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peter G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Pryde
mesh_terms: D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000209:etiology*; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000302:isolation & purification; D016908:Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011263:Pregnancy Trimester, Third; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6