title: Atrial arrhythmias and special circumstances.
abstract: The present paper discusses the general principles of management of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter under special circumstances. Management recommendations, which encompass initial assessment, initial arrhythmia management and chronic pharmacological therapy, are outlined for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and congenital heart disease. Recommendations are also made for pregnant patients and pediatric patients without congenital heart disease. Discrepancies between the authors' recommendations and those from the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/European Society of Cardiology are discussed.
authors.affiliation: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Robert M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Gow
authors.forename: Joel A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Kirsh
authors.forename: George J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Samuel C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Siu
mesh_terms: D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000628:therapy*; D001282:Atrial Flutter / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic