title: Timing of maternal and neonatal dosing of nevirapine and the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: HIVNET 024.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Despite a growing emphasis worldwide on complex and potent antiretroviral drug regimens for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 (MTCT), two-dose nevirapine (NVP) prophylaxis remains an important choice in many settings. We analyzed data from a multicenter clinical trial to determine whether timing of maternal or infant NVP was associated with MTCT between delivery and 6 weeks of age (intrapartum/early postnatal transmission; I/EP).
  
  
  METHODS
  HIVNET 024 was a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of empiric antibiotics to reduce chorioamnionitis-associated MTCT. This secondary analysis used data collected in the original randomized trial. Enrolled women were instructed to self-administer NVP at labor onset; infants were to receive a dose within 72 h of birth.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data regarding 1491 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. The overall I/EP HIV-1 transmission rate was 8.1% at 6 weeks. Almost all women (93%) ingested NVP within 24 h of delivery; 90% of infants were given NVP within 48 h after delivery. Variations in mother or infant dose timing did not influence transmission rates, even when the combined pattern of both was taken into account through multivariate analysis. In the subset of women ingesting NVP <or= 2 h before delivery, early NVP administration to the infant (< 4 h after birth) was not associated with lower MTCT risk when compared with later administration (>or= 4 h).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Variations in the timing of maternal and infant NVP doses (within reasonable proximity to delivery) do not appear to affect the risk of MTCT.
authors.affiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. bchi@cidrz.org
authors.forename: Benjamin H
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Read
authors.forename: Muhsin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sheriff
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fiscus
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Taha E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Taha
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Valentine
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goldenberg
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012646:Self Administration; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019829:Nevirapine