title: Methadone in the management of intractable neuropathic noncancer pain.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the role of methadone in the management of intractable neuropathic noncancer pain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case series of 50 consecutive noncancer pain patients who were seen at a tertiary care centre and treated with oral methadone for a variety of intractable neuropathic pain states.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age was 52.7 years and the mean duration of follow-up was 13.9 months. Post-discectomy nerve root fibrosis, complex regional pain syndrome, peripheral neuropathy and central spinal cord pain syndromes were the most common diagnoses. Over 90% had been treated with one or more tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants and a similar number had received other adjuvant analgesics. All patients had failed treatment with one or more conventional opioid analgesics (mean 2.8) at a mean maximal morphine dose of 384 mg (or equivalents) per day. Twelve patients had failed spinal cord stimulation. Nineteen patients (38%) did not tolerate initial methadone titration or thought their pain was worse on methadone. Five patients (10%) declared initial benefit but required repetitive dose escalation and eventually became non-responders. Twenty-six patients (52%) reported mild (4), moderate (15), marked (6) or complete (1) pain relief and continued on methadone at a mean maintenance dose of 159.8 mg/day for a mean duration of 21.3 months. Fourteen patients (28%) reported improved function on methadone relative to previous treatments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methadone appears to have unique properties including N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist activity that may make it especially useful in the management of intractable neuropathic pain. This observation needs to be tested in randomized, controlled trials.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: D E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Moulin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Watling
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Schulz
mesh_terms: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004561:Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D018712:Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D000929:Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; D013256:Steroids; D008691:Methadone