title: Clinical outcome of oocyte cryopreservation after slow cooling with a protocol utilizing a high sucrose concentration.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recently, interest in oocyte cryopreservation has steadily increased. Newly developed protocols have dramatically improved survival rates, removing perhaps the major hurdle that has prevented this approach from becoming a fully established form of treatment. However, the clinical efficiency of these protocols has not been exhaustively explored and therefore remains controversial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Morphologically normal oocytes displaying the first polar body were frozen-thawed with a slow cooling protocol that utilized 1.5 mol/l propane-1,2-diol (PrOH) and 0.3 mol/l sucrose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 927 oocytes from 146 patients were frozen-thawed, achieving a 74.1% survival rate. Over 76% of microinjected oocytes displayed two pronuclei 16 h post-insemination, while the proportion of embryos at 44-46 h post-insemination was 90.2%. At this time point, the majority (68.3%) of embryos were at the two-cell stage, showing in most cases (78.7%) minimal or moderate fragmentation. Eighteen clinical pregnancies, three of which were twin, were observed, giving rise to rates of 12.3 and 9.7%, calculated per patient and per embryo transfer, respectively. The implantation rate was 5.2%. To date, four children have been born and three pregnancies resulted in spontaneous abortions, while the remaining pregnancies are ongoing.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that although the combination of slow cooling and high sucrose concentration ensures high rates of oocyte survival, it is not sufficient to guarantee a high standard of clinical efficiency.
authors.affiliation: Tecnobios Procreazione, Via Dante 15 University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Borini
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sciajno
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bianchi
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sereni
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Flamigni
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Coticchio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D003470:Culture Media; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006801:Humans; D009865:Oocytes; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D013395:Sucrose
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D011409:Propylene Glycols; D013395:Sucrose