title: Feasibility of morphologic assessment of vascular and biliary anatomy in pediatric liver transplantation: all-in-one protocol with breath-hold magnetic resonance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Noninvasive imaging for children with liver transplantation for possible sites of vascular and biliary complication remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a comprehensive noninvasive test for the above purpose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirteen children (age, 8-16 years) with biliary atresia and who received liver transplantation underwent a comprehensive MR study including MR cholangiography and gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography. Images were interpreted by 3 radiologists for liver parenchymal abnormalities; definition of hepatic arterial and venous, portal venous, and biliary anatomy; and detection of any complications. Findings were correlated with surgical records. Conventional angiography and percutaneous cholangiography were obtained for correlation in 2 patients. Confidence level scores (1-5) for depiction of anatomy were given for source, multiplanar, and 3-dimensional images.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Hepatic artery anastomosis was visualized in 12 patients (92%) and the intrahepatic arteries were demonstrated in 10 (77%). The portal, hepatic venous, and biliary anastomoses were clearly demonstrated in all patients. Stenosis of hepatic artery anastomosis and multiple biliary strictures were detected in 1 patient each and confirmed by conventional imaging. High confidence scores (higher than 4) were obtained for all kinds of MR images.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Comprehensive MR imaging can be used in long-term follow-up of pediatric liver transplant recipients for depiction of hepatic structures and possible complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Organ Imaging, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China. winnie@med.cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Winnie C W
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Deacons T K
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: Kim-Hung
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Wynnie W M
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Chung-kwong
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Yeung
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002648:Child; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply / Q000601:surgery; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000473:pathology*; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration