Effect of high-intensity strength-training on functional measures of balance ability in balance-impaired older adults.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 10-week, high-intensity strength-training program targeting key lower extremity muscles for the purpose of improving postural control in balance-impaired older adults.


METHODS
A quasi-experimental, delayed entry controlled design was used to evaluate balance ability in balance-impaired older adults after participation in 10 weeks of high-intensity strength training focused on the quadriceps, hamstrings, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles. Participants were evaluated using validated clinical measures of functional balance ability: the Berg Balance Scale, the Timed Up and Go, and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale.


RESULTS
After strength training, the exercisers were significantly stronger than the control subjects. They improved significantly on the Berg Balance Scale (P = .030) from a mean score of 48.8 +/- 2.4 of 56 before training to 51.2 +/- 4.3 of 56 after training. The Timed Up and Go (P = .045) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (P = .038) also improved significantly in the experimental group. These changes are associated with a decrease in fall risk.


CONCLUSIONS
High-intensity strength training can safely and effectively strengthen lower extremity muscles in balance-impaired older adults, resulting in significant improvements in functional balance ability and decreased fall risk.
Hess
Jennifer A
JA
Faculty of the Labor Education and Research Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. jhess@uoregon.edu
Woollacott
Marjorie
M
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D005081:Exercise Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D016330:Frail Elderly; D015577:Geriatric Assessment / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal; D004856:Postural Balance