title: Virulent systemic feline calicivirus infection: local cytokine modulation and contribution of viral mutants.
abstract: Virulent systemic feline calicivirus (VS-FCV) is a novel, emerging pathogen with mortality up to 67% even in previously healthy adult cats; VS-FCV has resulted in at least six epidemics since 1998. Affected cats have systemic vascular compromise and hemorrhagic-fever like signs in part due to viral invasion of epithelium and endothelium, coupled with host cytokine responses. Affected skin tissues had, on average, 3.8 elevated cytokines compared with control tissue, with prominent upregulation in IL-10, TNF-alpha, and MIP-1alpha. Sequencing of most of the genomes of two VS-FCV strains documented patterns of virus relatedness and implicated changes in the capsid gene in the emerging phenotype, possibly through initiation of immune mechanisms manifest in the cytokine changes. Understanding the features contributing to the emergence of this disease is critical for management and prevention of this and similar outbreaks attributable to RNA viruses in animals and humans.
authors.affiliation: School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. jefoley@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Foley
authors.forename: Kate
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hurley
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Pesavento
authors.forename: Amy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poland
authors.forename: Niels C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Pedersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017250:Caliciviridae Infections / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D017927:Calicivirus, Feline / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology*; D002415:Cats; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000302:isolation & purification; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000662:veterinary; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D014774:Virulence
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D012367:RNA, Viral