title: Involvement of the endogenous cannabinoid system in the effects of alcohol in the mesolimbic reward circuit: electrophysiological evidence in vivo.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Several lines of evidence indicate that the endogenous cannabinoid system is involved in the pharmacological and behavioural effects of alcohol. The mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) system and the nucleus accumbens (NAc) process rewarding properties of drugs of abuse, including alcohol and cannabinoids, whereas endocannabinoids in these regions modulate synaptic function and mediate short- and long-term forms of synaptic plasticity.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of the endogenous cannabinoid system in alcohol electrophysiological effects in the mesolimbic reward circuit.
  
  
  METHODS
  We utilized extracellular single cell recordings from ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA and NAc neurons in anesthetized rats. DA neurons were antidromically identified as projecting to the shell of NAc, whereas NAc putative medium spiny neurons were identified by their evoked responses to basolateral amygdala (BLA) stimulation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Alcohol stimulated firing rate of VTA DA neurons and inhibited BLA-evoked NAc neuron spiking responses. The cannabinoid type-1 receptor (CB1) antagonist rimonabant (SR141716A) fully antagonized alcohol effect in both regions. In the NAc, either inhibition of the major catabolic enzyme of the endocannabinoid anandamide, the fatty-acid amyd hydrolase, with URB597 or a pretreatment with the CB1 receptor agonist WIN55212-2 significantly depressed alcohol-induced effects in the NAc.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results corroborate the notion of the involvement of endocannabinoids and their receptors in the actions of alcohol and highlight the endocannabinoid system as a valuable target in the therapy for alcoholism.
authors.affiliation: B.B. Brodie Department of Neuroscience, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy.
authors.forename: Simona
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perra
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pillolla
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Melis
authors.forename: Anna Lisa
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Muntoni
authors.forename: Gian Luigi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Gessa
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pistis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators / Q000502:physiology*; D002219:Carbamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011720:Pyrazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012201:Reward; D000077285:Rimonabant; D017557:Ventral Tegmental Area / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D063385:Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; D002219:Carbamates; D010880:Piperidines; D011720:Pyrazoles; C500528:cyclohexyl carbamic acid 3'-carbamoylbiphenyl-3-yl ester; D000431:Ethanol; D000077285:Rimonabant