title: Long-term support of 9 patients with the DeBakey VAD for more than 200 days.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Pulsatile left ventricular assist devices serving as mechanical circulatory support for patients with end-stage heart failure are associated with complications, including bleeding, thromboembolism, and infection. Axial-flow pumps might overcome some of these shortcomings. Here we report our experience with long-term application of the DeBakey VAD (MicroMed Technology, Inc, Houston, Tex).
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine male transplant candidates (37 +/- 14 years) with severe hemodynamic compromise (cardiac index, 1.6 +/- 0.5 L . min(-1) x m(-2); pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, 27 +/- 6 mm Hg) and beginning end-organ failure despite inotropic and intra-aortic balloon pump support received the DeBakey VAD. Clinical outcome was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cumulative support was 7.8 years, and the mean duration of support was 314 +/- 75 days (range, 229-438 days). Eight patients were transplanted, and one died from intracerebral bleeding. Peripheral circulation and end-organ function recovered rapidly after implantation. Continuous flow was able to maintain adequate organ perfusion over the long term. Eight patients were discharged during support, with good quality of life. There were no early bleedings, but there were late bleedings in 3 patients caused by excessive anticoagulation and platelet inhibition. Neurologic events occurred in 4 patients. Three patients recovered completely from symptoms, and one had lethal intracerebral bleeding. Because of thrombus formation, the device was exchanged in 4 patients. With increasing experience, thrombolysis was performed in similar situations. All such patients underwent successful transplantation. Hemolysis occurred, with events indicating thrombus formation. Device-related infection was found in one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The DeBakey VAD demonstrated its potential for long-term bridge to transplantation. The risk for thrombus formation needs to be addressed by improvement of pump technology and new strategies for platelet inhibition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Westfalian Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany. markus.wilhelm@swissonline.ch
authors.forename: Markus J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hammel
authors.forename: Christof
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rhode
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaan
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rothenburger
authors.forename: Jörg
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stypmann
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schäfers
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Hideo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Scheld
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000601:surgery*; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors