title: retrospective analysis of topoisomerase IIa amplifications and deletions as predictive markers in primary breast cancer patients randomly assigned to cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil or cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil: Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of HER2 and topoisomerase IIalpha gene (TOP2A) for the efficacy of epirubicin in the adjuvant setting of breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group trial 89D, 980 pre- and postmenopausal primary patients were randomly allocated to either CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil; n = 500) or CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, and fluorouracil; n = 480) times 9, between January 1990 and November 1999. Tumor tissue was retrospectively identified from 805 patients and was analyzed for HER2-positivity and for TOP2A-amplifications and deletions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HER2-positivity was found in 33% of the 805 investigated tumors and was not a predictive marker for epirubicin sensitivity. TOP2A changes were identified in 23% of the 773 investigated tumors: 12% had TOP2A amplifications and 11% had TOP2A deletions. We found that patients with TOP2A amplification had an increased recurrence-free (RFS; hazard ratio [HR], 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.78) and overall survival (OS; HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.13), respectively if treated with CEF compared with CMF, and that patients with TOP2A deletions had an almost identical hazard ratio (RFS: HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.11; OS: HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.04). This is in contrast to patients with a normal TOP2A genotype for whom similar outcome was observed in both treatment arms (RFS: HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.17; OS: HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.66 to 1.17).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TOP2A amplification-and possibly deletion-seems to be predictive markers for the effect of adjuvant epirubicin containing therapy in primary breast cancer, but a final conclusion has to await a confirmative study or a meta-analysis.
authors.affiliation: Oncological Department, Odense University Hospital DK-5000, Odense C, Denmark. knoop@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Ann S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Knoop
authors.forename: Helle
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knudsen
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Balslev
authors.forename: Birgitte B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: Jens
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Overgaard
authors.forename: Kirsten V
authors.initials: KV
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schonau
authors.forename: Katrín
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gunnarsdóttir
authors.forename: Karen E
authors.initials: KE
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Henning
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mouridsen
authors.forename: Bent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ejlertsen
mesh_terms: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II / Q000235:genetics*; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005784:Gene Amplification; D017353:Gene Deletion; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D017697:Premenopause; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000951:Antigens, Neoplasm; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D004250:DNA Topoisomerases, Type II; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D015251:Epirubicin; D005472:Fluorouracil; D007527:Isoenzymes; D008727:Methotrexate; D000075223:Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; C000618811:TOP2A protein, human