title: Pharmacological left ventricular reverse remodeling in elderly patients receiving optimal therapy for chronic heart failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In recent years, reversal of established left ventricular (LV) dilatation has been increasingly recognized in middle-aged patients with dilated cardiomyopathy receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and/or beta-blockers. We performed this prospective study to evaluate whether optimized therapy for heart failure also induces LV reverse remodeling in older patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and twenty-four patients aged >70 years with LV ejection fraction <40% underwent clinical and echocardiographic evaluation at baseline and after 1 year. During the early stage of follow-up, pharmacological therapy was optimized. LV reverse remodeling was defined as a reduction in LV end-diastolic volume >25% from baseline to final evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LV reverse remodeling was recognized in 32 patients (26%). Compared to the subjects who did not improve LV geometry, those with reverse remodeling had, at baseline, higher arterial blood pressure, lower serum creatinine levels, shorter duration of symptoms of heart failure, more frequently received beta-blocker therapy and had predominantly nonischemic aetiology. The variables associated with the development of reverse remodeling in the multivariate analysis were shorter duration of symptoms of heart failure (Odds ratio: 7.7; CI: 2.5-23.3, p=0.0001) and beta-blocker therapy (Odds ratio: 6.0; CI: 1.6-23.3, p=0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LV reverse remodeling takes place in elderly as well as in younger heart failure patients. A significant proportion of elderly patients undergoes this favourable process which occurs prevalently in patients receiving beta-blocker therapy with a short history of cardiac disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Villa Bianca Hospital, Trento, Italy. gcioffi@albaclick.com
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cioffi
authors.forename: Luigi
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarantini
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Feo
authors.forename: Giovanni
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pulignano
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Del Sindaco
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stefenelli
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Opasich
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002311:Cardiomyopathy, Dilated / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D015577:Geriatric Assessment; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015996:Survival Rate; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors