title: Correlates of cervical mucosal antibodies to human papillomavirus 16: results from a case control study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  While the cervical mucosal immune response to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is believed to be central to viral clearance, it is not well characterized. We performed this analysis to determine correlates of HPV-16-specific mucosal antibody response in women at high risk for infection with HPV.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical mucosal and serum samples were obtained from participants in a case control study that measured demographic risk factors of cervical disease and HPV infection. An HPV-16 L1-virus-like particle ELISA was used to detect HPV-16-specific IgA and IgG. Antibody level results were correlated with demographic characteristics, sexual history, cervical disease, and HPV detection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cervical anti-HPV-16 IgA and IgG inversely correlated with HPV DNA, HPV-16 DNA, and cervical disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These findings suggest that mucosal antibodies may protect against HPV infection and cervical disease. However, additional longitudinal studies evaluating serum and mucosal antibody correlates of incident, persistent, and clearing HPV infection are needed. In addition, standardization of mucosal sample collection and testing methods are required.
authors.affiliation: Viral Exanthems and Herpesvirus Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bierl
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Karem
authors.forename: Alysia C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Poon
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swan
authors.forename: Guillermo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tortolero-Luna
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Follen
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wideroff
authors.forename: Elizabeth R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Unger
authors.forename: William C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Reeves
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D052162:Human papillomavirus 16 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007070:Immunoglobulin A / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology; D030361:Papillomavirus Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*; D002578:Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / Q000276:immunology / Q000821:virology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D004279:DNA, Viral; D007070:Immunoglobulin A; D007074:Immunoglobulin G