title: Inhibition of transdifferentiation into tracheary elements by polar auxin transport inhibitors through intracellular auxin depletion.
abstract: Polar auxin transport is essential for the formation of continuous vascular strands in the plant body. To understand its mechanism, polar auxin transport inhibitors have often been used. However, the role of auxin in vascular differentiation at the unicellular level has remained elusive. Using a Zinnia elegans cell culture system, in which single mesophyll cells transdifferentiate into tracheary elements (TEs), we demonstrated that auxin transport inhibitors prevented TE differentiation and that high concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and IAA overcame the repression of TE differentiation. Measurements of NAA accumulation with 3H-labeled NAA in the presence or absence of 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) revealed enhanced NAA accumulation within the cell. In the NPA-treated cells, intracellular free NAA decreased, while its metabolites increased. Therefore, the polar auxin transport inhibitors may prevent auxin efflux and consequently promote NAA accumulation in Zinnia cells. The excess intracellular NAA may also activate NAA metabolism, resulting in a decrease in free NAA levels. This depletion of free NAA may prevent TE differentiation. The decreased auxin activity in NPA-treated cells was confirmed by the fact that the DR5 (a synthetic auxin-inducible promoter)-mediated expression of a reporter protein was suppressed in such cells. Gene expression analysis indicated that NPA suppressed TE differentiation at an early process of transdifferentiation into TEs. Based on these results, the inter-relationship between auxin and vascular cell development at a cellular level is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan.
authors.forename: Saiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuriyama
authors.forename: Hiroo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuda
mesh_terms: D019659:Asteraceae / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D001692:Biological Transport; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018506:Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; D018522:Gravitropism / Q000502:physiology; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D007701:Kinetin / Q000494:pharmacology; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011687:Purines; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001593:Benzyl Compounds; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D009280:Naphthaleneacetic Acids; D010940:Plant Proteins; D011687:Purines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014283:Triiodobenzoic Acids; C054562:yellow fluorescent protein, Bacteria; C034182:1-naphthaleneacetic acid; C052968:2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid; C480551:benzylaminopurine; D007701:Kinetin