title: Neonatal BCG protection against tuberculosis lasts for 20 years in Brazil.
abstract: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) efficacy against pulmonary disease is highly variable; until very recently there was no evidence of protection after 10 years. In the control arm of a trial of efficacy of revaccination of schoolchildren in Brazil we found substantial protection (39%; 95%CI 9-58) of neonatal BCG against all forms of tuberculosis (TB) 15-20 years after vaccination, much longer than previously believed. This confirms recent findings from an earlier trial, and must be considered in the design of trials of new TB vaccines and in policy decisions based on assumed lack of neonatal BCG protection with time.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil. mauricio@ufba.br
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Cunha
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pereira
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Genser
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Hijjar
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yury Ichihara
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: de Brito
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dourado
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santa'Ana
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001500:BCG Vaccine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D013997:Time Factors; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D001500:BCG Vaccine