title: Outcome of protein-losing gastroenteropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus treated with prednisolone and azathioprine.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report the efficacy of prednisolone and azathioprine (AZA) in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-related protein-losing gastroenteropathy (PLGE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1995 and 2002, 16 consecutive patients with SLE-related PLGE were treated with a regimen consisting of high-dose prednisolone (0.8-1 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks, then tapered to < or =10 mg/day) and AZA (2 mg/kg/day). Protein leakage from the gastrointestinal tract was confirmed by 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin scintigraphy and significant urinary loss of protein was excluded. Clinical response at 6 months of therapy was assessed and patients were followed for relapse of PLGE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical characteristics of our patients at the time of PLGE were: age 36.2 +/- 8.7 (s.d.) yr; female:male ratio 15 : 1; mean SLE duration 29.6 +/- 65 months. Twelve patients had PLGE as the initial presentation of SLE. Fifteen (94%) patients had concomitant activity in other organs. All patients presented with oedema and eight patients (50%) had non-bloody diarrhoea. The mean serum albumin level was 22.8 +/- 5.7 g/dl. Protein leakage was at the small bowel in 11 (69%) patients and the large bowel in 5 (31%) patients. At 6 months of therapy, 14 (88%) patients had complete clinical response, 1 (6%) patient responded partially and 1 patient (6%) was treatment-refractory. Patients who responded were maintained on low-dose prednisolone (7.8 +/- 6.1 mg/day) and AZA (56.3 +/- 37 mg/day). Over a mean follow-up of 57.5 months, 1 (6%) patient had relapse of PLGE which responded to augmentation of prednisolone dosage. No patients developed alternative gastrointestinal diagnoses. Corticosteroid-induced psychosis, AZA-induced pancytopenia and herpes zoster occurred in three patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PLGE is an uncommon manifestation of SLE. Treatment with a combination of prednisolone and AZA is effective and well tolerated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tsing Chung Koon Road, New Territories, Hong Kong, SAR, China. ccmok2005@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Mok
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Ying
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: To
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Szeto
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D001379:Azathioprine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000209:etiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004487:Edema / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011504:Protein-Losing Enteropathies / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D012709:Serum Albumin; D011239:Prednisolone; D001379:Azathioprine