title: Primary osteoarthritis of hip, knee, and hand in relation to occupational exposure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify occupations with excess prevalence of osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, and hand in a nationwide survey and to compare occupations with and without excess prevalence with regard to biomechanical stresses and severity of osteoarthritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients presenting with osteoarthritis of the knee, hip, or hand were recruited throughout France by their treating physician who collected information on history, including age at onset, occupation, and occupational stresses to joints. Severity was assessed using joint specific functional status questionnaires: Lequesne for the hip and knee and Dreiser for the hand. The distribution of osteoarthritis patients by occupation was compared with the distribution of occupations in all workers in France to obtain prevalence rate ratios.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Occupations with the greatest prevalence rate ratio were female cleaners (6.2; 95% CI 4.6 to 8.0), women in the clothing industry (5.0; 95% CI 3.9 to 6.3), male masons and other construction workers (2.9; 95% CI 2.6 to 3.3), and agriculture male and female workers (2.8; 95% CI 2.5 to 3.2). A twofold greater prevalence rate was observed within certain occupations between self-employed and salaried workers. Early onset of osteoarthritis was seen in the more heavy labour jobs with almost 40% of patients reporting their first symptoms before the age of 50.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The early onset and severity of osteoarthritis in certain occupations warrants an urgent need for occupation specific studies for the development and evaluation of preventive strategies in this leading cause of disability in Western countries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. mrossign@santepub-mtl.qc.ca
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossignol
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: F A
authors.initials: FA
authors.lastname: Allaert
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rozenberg
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Valat
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Avouac
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coste
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Litvak
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hilliquin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005260:Female; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D006225:Hand; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009790:Occupations; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015207:Osteoarthritis, Hip / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D020370:Osteoarthritis, Knee / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013314:Stress, Mechanical