title: Repeat microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report our experience with repeat microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) in patients who have failed their first operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors describe 41 redo MVDs for HFS in 36 patients performed over a 3 year period. Seven patients underwent early re-operation after an aborted seventh nerve decompression. Eight patients underwent early re-operation for clinical failure. Eighteen patients underwent late re-operation for spasm recurrence long after their original MVD. Eight MVDs were performed on patients who had already undergone at least two prior operations.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty four patients experienced complete spasm resolution (70.6%), eight patients had near total resolution (23.5%), and two patients failed re-operation (5.9%). Two patients were lost to follow up (5.6%). A favourable outcome was reported by 82.4% of patients at a mean follow up interval of 18 months. A total of 91.7% of patients 50 years of age or younger were cured at follow up versus 59.1% of patients older than 50 (p = 0.04). Patients undergoing early re-operation were significantly more likely to be cured or improved than patients undergoing late re-operation (p = 0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Repeat MVD for HFS is effective in experienced hands. Younger patients respond better to repeat MVD. Late repeat MVD for HFS is a reasonable treatment option, although results are less favourable than for early re-operation.
authors.affiliation: University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, PA 15213, USA.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Engh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burkhart
authors.forename: Y-F
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kassam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D019569:Hemifacial Spasm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology; D012086:Reoperation; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016896:Treatment Outcome