title: Intraspinal microstimulation preferentially recruits fatigue-resistant muscle fibres and generates gradual force in rat.
abstract: Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS), a novel rehabilitative therapy consisting of stimulation through fine, hair-like microwires targeted at the ventral spinal cord, has been proposed for restoring standing and walking following spinal cord injury. This study compared muscle recruitment characteristics of ISMS with those produced by peripheral nerve cuff stimulation (NCS). Thirty-three minutes of either ISMS or NCS at 1, 20 or 50 s(-1) and 1.2 x threshold (T) amplitude depleted glycogen from muscle fibres of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris. ISMS and NCS were also carried out at 20 s(-1) and 3.0T. Muscle serial sections were stained for glycogen and for myosin heavy chain (MHC)-based fibre types using a panel of monoclonal antibodies. The results of this study show that ISMS recruited fatigue-resistant (FR) fibres at 2.9, 1.9, 1.7 and 2.5 times their relative MHC content at 1, 20 and 50 s(-1) 1.2T and 20 s(-1) 3.0T, respectively. In contrast, NCS recruited FR fibres at 1.2, 1.0, 2.1 and 0.0 times their MHC content at 1, 20 and 50 s(-1) 1.2T and 20 s(-1) 3.0T, respectively. The proportion of FR fibres recruited by ISMS and NCS was significantly different in the 20 s(-1) 3.0T condition (P < 0.0001). We also report that force recruitment curves were 4.9-fold less steep (P < 0.019) for ISMS than NCS. The findings of this study provide evidence for the efficacy of ISMS and further our understanding of muscle recruitment properties of this novel rehabilitative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Neuroscience and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Room 503, Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Bamford
authors.forename: C T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Putman
authors.forename: V K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Mushahwar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy; D005260:Female; D005267:Femoral Nerve; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D018763:Muscle Fatigue; D018656:Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch / Q000378:metabolism*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011999:Recruitment, Neurophysiological / Q000502:physiology; D013116:Spinal Cord; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000534:rehabilitation
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen; D018995:Myosin Heavy Chains