title: Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Anemopsis californica leaf oil.
abstract: Isolation and characterization of leaf volatiles in Anemopsis californica (Nutt.) Hook. and Arn. (A. californica) was performed using steam distillation, solid-phase microextraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. Thirty-eight compounds were detected and identified by gas chromatography; elemicin was the major component of the leaf volatiles. While the composition of the leaf volatiles varied with method of extraction, alpha-pinene, sabinene, beta-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, piperitone, methyl eugenol, (E)-caryophyllene, and elemicin were usually present in readily detectable amounts. Greenhouse-reared clones of a wild population of A. californica had an identical leaf volatile composition with the parent plants. Steam-distilled oil had antimicrobial properties against 3 (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Geotrichim candidum) of 11 microbial species tested. Some of this bioactivity could be accounted for by the alpha-pinene in the oil.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, MSC 3Q, and USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range, MSC 3JER, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003, USA.
authors.forename: Andrea L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Medina
authors.forename: Mary E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Lucero
authors.forename: F Omar
authors.initials: FO
authors.lastname: Holguin
authors.forename: Rick E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Estell
authors.forename: Jeff J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Posakony
authors.forename: Julian
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Simon
authors.forename: Mary A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: O'Connell
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D005848:Geotrichum / Q000187:drug effects; D019684:Magnoliopsida / Q000737:chemistry*; D039821:Monoterpenes / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry*; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000737:chemistry*; D011748:Pyrogallol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects; D014835:Volatilization
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D000081008:Bicyclic Monoterpenes; D039821:Monoterpenes; D010938:Plant Oils; D011748:Pyrogallol; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; C002135:elemicin; C005451:alpha-pinene