title: Discontinuation of dialysis treatment: experience of a single dialysis centre.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Discontinuation of dialysis is a common cause of death in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients in the USA and UK, but is less common in the rest of Europe and in Japan. The aim of this study was to describe the discontinuation pattern in a single dialysis unit in eastern Finland.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analysed the case history and cause of death of 146 dialysis patients in whom dialysis treatment was started between 1992 and 2001 and who had died by March 2003. We compared patients who died after withdrawal from dialysis and those who continued dialysis until death.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 53 patients (36.3%) dialysis treatment was discontinued before death (withdrawal group). In the rest of the patients (control group; n=93) dialysis was continued until death. The patients in the withdrawal group were older (median 69 vs 65 years at the onset of ESRD), more often institutionalized before death (49% vs 11.8%) and more often had dementia diagnosed before death (20.8% vs 2.2%) than those in the control group. They were also less rehabilitated before death (54.7% vs 76.7%) and their treatment more often lasted for <3 months (20.8% vs 7.6%). The patients in the withdrawal group died less often of cardiac disease (11.3% vs 39.8%), whereas kidney disease was the commonest cause of death (41.5 vs 19.4%). The commonest reason for discontinuation of dialysis was severe medical illness (86.5%). In most cases the nephrologist or the renal team raised the issue of stopping dialysis. Nearly 70% of patients were incompetent at the time of the decision. Patient refusal to stop dialysis was uncommon.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Stopping dialysis before death is a common practice in our unit. Dialysis was mostly discontinued in severely ill patients who were near the end of their life. The nephrologist or the renal team decided to stop treatment. Our results should encourage renal teams to raise the issue of stopping dialysis when a patient's illness has become terminal. More studies and discussion of this difficult field are needed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland. risto.ikaheimo@ppshp.fi
authors.forename: Risto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ikäheimo
authors.forename: Marjo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kervinen
authors.forename: Pauli
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Karhapää
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tryyki
authors.forename: Seppo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lehto
authors.forename: Olli-Pekka
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: Ryynänen
authors.forename: Erkki
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lampainen
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002423:Cause of Death / Q000639:trends; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland / Q000453:epidemiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate / Q000639:trends; D016312:Treatment Refusal / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*