title: Effect of strong homonuclear proton coupling on localized (13)C detection using PRESS.
abstract: The effect of strong homonuclear proton coupling on (13)C incorporation measurements by either indirect or direct means was investigated (and illustrated with glutamate) both numerically and experimentally at 3.0 T. In particular, two sequences were considered, each using a proton PRESS sequence for localization. The indirect (13)C detection method incorporated the POCE (proton observe carbon edited) technique onto PRESS, and for direct (13)C detection a DEPT (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer) sequence was appended to the PRESS localization. Both analysis and experiment demonstrate that when strong homonuclear coupling of protons is additional to heteronuclear coupling with (13)C spins, the (13)C measures derived from either the indirect PRESS-POCE sequence or the direct-but-enhanced PRESS-DEPT sequence are significantly modified. Specifically, the MR lineshapes of both (13)C-bonded and nonbonded protons are changed during (13)C incorporation, giving rise, for example, to a potential cross-contamination of < or =30% between glutamate (13)C(3) and (13)C(4) measures from the PRESS-POCE indirect method. During direct-but-enhanced detection, the DEPT enhancement is reduced for glutamate (13)C(2), (13)C(3), and (13)C(4) but not equally, and the reduction is further exacerbated by proton PRESS localization, which gives rise to enhancements that are strong functions of PRESS TE(1) and TE(2).
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: Atiyah
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yahya
authors.forename: Peter S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Allen
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002247:Carbon Isotopes / Q000032:analysis*; D003198:Computer Simulation; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular / Q000379:methods*; D009716:Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted; D011522:Protons; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D011522:Protons; D018698:Glutamic Acid