title: Identification of genes regulated by interleukin-1beta in human endometrial stromal cells.
abstract: Interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) is an important immune regulatory factor that in human endometrium plays a role in both menstruation and implantation in the event of pregnancy. It promotes inflammatory-like processes and also stimulates tissue remodelling. We present a cDNA microarray study documenting the major effects of IL-1beta on gene expression in stromal cells from human endometrium. Endometrial stromal cells from five normal healthy women at the mid secretory phase were cultured with or without IL-1beta at 50 and 500 pg/ml for 48 h. cDNA microarrays were used to compare the levels of gene expression in total RNA isolated from cells stimulated with IL-1beta. These cDNA arrays were produced containing 15 164 sequence-verified clones, which included genes known to be important in angiogenesis, immune modulators, apoptosis, cell signalling, extra-cellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and cell cycle regulation. Genes which were regulated by IL-1beta were identified by analysis of the microarray data using the Significance Analysis of Microarrays software package. Upregulated (n = 23) and downregulated (n = 6) different genes were observed, which changed at least 3-fold, at a false discovery rate of less than 2% (P < 0.02). Our results have identified genes regulated by IL-1beta, which are involved in leukocyte recruitment, ECM remodelling and other cellular functions. Changes in three genes, IL-8, colony-stimulating factor 2 and aldoketo reductase family 1 member 1, which were upregulated by IL-1beta, were verified using real-time PCR. Novel functions regulated by IL-1beta in endometrium, including genes involved in free radical protection, and fatty acid metabolism were also identified. These results also provide new insights into the role of IL-1beta in disorders of the endometrium, especially in implantation-related infertility and endometriosis, in which this cytokine plays a major role.
authors.affiliation: Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Paediatrics, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, University of Siena, Italy.
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: Andrew M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sharkey
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: Giovina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Furlong
authors.forename: Pasquale
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Florio
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Felice
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Petraglia
mesh_terms: D000449:Aldehyde Reductase / Q000235:genetics; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004717:Endometrium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005498:Follicular Phase / Q000502:physiology; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000235:genetics; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011247:Pregnancy; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D016209:Interleukin-8; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D000449:Aldehyde Reductase