title: Increased expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIbeta in frontal cortex in schizophrenia and depression.
abstract: In searching for genes dysregulated in schizophrenia, we measured the expression of the two splice variants of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIalpha and CaMKIIbeta) in postmortem frontal cerebral cortex tissues from patients who had died with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or severe depression. The mRNA levels of expression of these two splice variants were measured by real-time Quantitative PCR, using an Mx4000 instrument. The values for the expression of CaMKIIalpha and CaMKIIbeta were normalized by the expression of beta-glucuronidase in the tissues. The expression of CaMKIIalpha was significantly elevated in the depression tissues by 29%. The expression of CaMKIIbeta was significantly elevated in the schizophrenia tissues by 27%, and in the depression tissues by 36%. Because CaMKIIbeta influences the expression of many neuroreceptors and influences neural outgrowth and pruning, its altered expression in the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia or depression may contribute to these diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building Room 4344, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Novak
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Seeman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tallerico
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003863:Depression / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D020871:RNA Stability / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; C517658:CAMK2B protein, human; D054732:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Type 2; D017871:Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases