title: Phosphorylation of the herpes simplex virus tegument protein VP22 has no effect on incorporation of VP22 into the virus but is involved in optimal expression and virion packaging of ICP0.
abstract: Herpes simplex virus VP22 is a major tegument protein of unknown function. Very recently, we reported that the predominant effect of deleting the VP22 gene was on the expression, localization, and virion incorporation of ICP0. In addition, the Delta22 virus replicated poorly in epithelial MDBK cells. We have also previously shown that VP22 interacts with the tegument protein VP16 and the cellular microtubule network. While the majority of VP22 in infected cells is highly phosphorylated, the nonphosphorylated form of VP22 is the predominant species in the virion, suggesting a differential requirement for phosphorylation through virus replication. Hence, to study the significance of VP22 phosphorylation, we have now constructed two recombinant viruses expressing green fluorescent protein-VP22 (G22) in which the previously identified serine phosphorylation sites have been mutated either to alanine to abolish the phosphorylation status of VP22 (G22P-) or to glutamic acid to mimic permanent phosphorylation (G22P+). Localization studies indicated that the G22P- protein associated tightly with microtubules in some infected cells, suggesting that VP22 phosphorylation may control its interaction with the microtubule network. By contrast, VP22 phosphorylation had no effect on its ability to interact with VP16 and, importantly, had no effect on the relative packaging of VP22. Intriguingly, virion packaging of ICP0 was reduced in the G22P+ virus while ICP0 expression was reduced in the G22P- virus, suggesting that these two ICP0 defects, previously observed in the Delta22 virus, were attributable to different forms of VP22. Furthermore, the Delta22 virus replication defect in MDBK cells correlated with the expression of constitutively charged VP22 in the G22P+ virus. Taken together, these results suggest an important role for VP22 phosphorylation in its relationship with ICP0.
authors.affiliation: Virus Assembly Group, Marie Curie Research Institute, Oxted, Surrey, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Potel
authors.forename: Gillian
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Elliott
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006224:Cricetinae; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D014644:Genetic Variation; D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000235:genetics*; D014709:Vero Cells; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014779:Virus Replication
chemical_list: D017874:Immediate-Early Proteins; D015678:Viral Structural Proteins; C073413:herpes simplex virus type 1 protein VP22; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C051804:Vmw110 protein, Human herpesvirus 1