title: Comparison of urban and rural general surgeons: motivations for practice location, practice patterns, and education requirements.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The purpose of this study is to determine the differences between rural and urban surgeons with regard to practice patterns, factors in choosing a practice location, and educational needs.
  
  
  METHODS
  A list of surgeons obtained from the American Medical Association was examined using the Office of Management and Budget definition of rural. Seventeen hundred rural surgeons were mailed surveys; 421 responded. One hundred fourteen urban surgeons were contacted by telephone. Questions were designed to measure job and community satisfaction, factors influencing their decision to practice in their current location, spectrum and volume of cases, and their perceived educational needs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Age distribution did not differ markedly between urban and rural surgeons. Motivation to practice in their current location varied considerably between urban and rural surgeons. Both groups equally rated quality of life as the leading factor influencing their current practice location. Urban surgeons rated other factors, such as income, practice growth, hospital facilities, and proximity to family, higher than rural surgeons. Practice patterns and educational needs also varied between the two groups. Rural surgeons performed more procedures per year with more variety in procedure type. Both groups felt that additional training in advanced laparoscopic techniques would be helpful, and rural surgeons felt that additional training in the surgical subspecialty areas was important.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although rural and urban surgeons do not differ in age or the importance of lifestyle in deciding career location, different factors do impact their choice of location. Practice pattern and educational needs varied markedly between rural and urban general surgeons.
authors.affiliation: Mithoefer Center for Rural Surgery, Bassett Healthcare, Cooperstown, NY 13326, USA.
authors.forename: Steven J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Heneghan
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bordley
authors.forename: Patrick A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Dietz
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: Paul L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: Randall J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zuckerman
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D004501:Education, Medical; D013502:General Surgery / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011365:Professional Practice Location / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000078329:Workforce