title: Obesity and overweight in relation to disease-specific mortality in men with and without existing coronary heart disease in London: the original Whitehall study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relations between obesity or overweight and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in men with and without prevalent CHD in a prospective cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the Whitehall study of London-based male government employees, 18 403 middle age men were followed up for a maximum of 35 years having participated in a medical examination in the late 1960s in which weight, height, CHD status, and a range of other social, physiological, and behavioural characteristics were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In age-adjusted analyses of men with baseline CHD there was a modest raised risk in the overweight relative to normal weight groups for all cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.20) and CHD mortality (1.28, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.47) but not for stroke mortality (1.01, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.40). Mortality was similarly raised in the obese group. While these slopes were much steeper in men who were apparently CHD-free at study induction, the difference in the gradients according to baseline CHD status did not attain significance at conventional levels (p value for interaction >or= 0.24). The weight-mortality relations were somewhat attenuated when potential mediating and confounding factors were added to the multivariable models in both men with and men without a history of CHD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Avoidance of obesity and overweight in adult life in men with and without CHD may reduce their later risk of total and CHD mortality.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social & Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 4 Lilybank Gardens, Glasgow G12 8RZ, UK. david-b@msoc.mrc.gla.ac.uk
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Batty
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Shipley
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Jarrett
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Breeze
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Marmot
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Davey Smith
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002423:Cause of Death; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D006801:Humans; D008131:London / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D050177:Overweight / Q000502:physiology*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors