title: Degree of conversion and surface hardness of resin cement cured with different curing units.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion and Vickers surface hardness of resin cement under a simulated ceramic restoration with 3 different curing units: a conventional halogen unit, a high-intensity halogen unit, and a light-emitting diode system.
  
  
  METHODS
  A conventional halogen curing unit (Hilux 550) (40 s), a high-intensity halogen curing unit used in conventional and ramp mode (Optilux 501) (10 s and 20 s, respectively), and a light-emitting diode system (Elipar FreeLight) (20 s, 40 s) were used in this study. The dual-curing resin cement (Variolink II) was cured under a simulated ceramic restoration (diameter 5 mm, height 2 mm), and the degree of conversion and Vickers surface hardness were measured. For degree of conversion measurement, 10 specimens were prepared for each group. The absorbance peaks were recorded using the diffuse-reflection mode of Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. For Vickers surface hardness measurement, 10 specimens were prepared for each group. A load of 200 N was applied for 15 seconds, and 3 evaluations of each of the samples were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Degree of conversion achieved with Optilux 501 (20 s) was significantly higher than those of Hilux, Optilux 501 (10 s), Elipar FreeLight (20 s), and Elipar FreeLight (40 s). For Vickers surface hardness measurement, Optilux 501 (20 s) produced the highest surface hardness value. No significant differences were found among the Hilux, Optilux 501 (10 s), Elipar FreeLight (20 s), and Elipar FreeLight (40 s).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high-intensity halogen curing unit used in ramp mode (20 s) produced harder resin cement surfaces than did the conventional halogen curing unit, high-intensity halogen curing unit used in conventional mode (10 s) and light-emitting diode system (20 s, 40 s), when cured through a simulated ceramic restoration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Sercuak, Konya, Turkey.
authors.forename: Nilgun
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: Aslihan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Usumez
authors.forename: Serdar
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Usumez
authors.forename: Bora
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozturk
mesh_terms: D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D004867:Equipment Design; D006244:Hardness; D006801:Humans; D008029:Lighting / Q000295:instrumentation*; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013499:Surface Properties; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C118557:Empress 2; D018020:Lithium Compounds; D011108:Polymers; D019279:Resin Cements; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink