title: Routine use of antimicrobials by pregnant Indian women does not improve birth outcome: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: Low birth-weight is a leading health problem in developing countries. In a randomized controlled trial, the effect of antimicrobials in pregnant women on improving birth-weight and duration of gestation was evaluated. Two hundred twenty-four pregnant women in their second trimester were randomized to receive metronidazole (200 mg 3 times daily for 7 days) and cephalexin (500 mg twice daily for 5 days) orally by one group. The mean (+/-SD) birth-weights were 2,545 g (+/-374) and 2584 g (+/-358, p=0.51), the low birth-weight rates (<2.5 kg) were 40% and 36% (p = 0.28), and the prematurity rates were 8% and 11% (p = 0.6) in the treated group and the control group respectively. Due to small sample size, it is cautiously concluded that routine antimicrobials for genital and urinary tract infections of pregnant women do not improve birth-weight or duration of gestation. Rather an unexpected observation was the proportion requiring caesarian section or forceps, which was five-fold higher in the treated group (p = 0.001), and given no plausible explanations, this finding needs confirmation. Stunted mothers (<25th centile or 146.4 cm) had two-fold higher risk for low birth-weight (p = 0.04) and assisted delivery (p = 0.1). Low maternal body mass index (<25th centile or 18) had six-fold higher risk for stillbirth or abortion (p = 0.007), and high body mass index (>75th centile or 21.2) had three-fold higher risk for assisted delivery (p = 0.003).
authors.affiliation: Society for Applied Studies, Kolkata, India.
authors.forename: Amitava
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: Dilip
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mahalanabis
authors.forename: Sanjib
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mukhopadhyay
authors.forename: Kamalendu
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chakrabarty
authors.forename: Arun K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Samiran
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bisai
authors.forename: Monilal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Chakrabarty
authors.forename: Debasis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Halder
authors.forename: Mohammad Aminul
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Islam
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001724:Birth Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002506:Cephalexin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005831:Genital Diseases, Female / Q000188:drug therapy; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008795:Metronidazole / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D008795:Metronidazole; D002506:Cephalexin