Synthesis of 5-nitro-2-furancarbohydrazides and their cis-diamminedichloroplatinum complexes as bitopic and irreversible human thioredoxin reductase inhibitors.
The human selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase is involved in antioxidant defense and DNA synthesis. As increased thioredoxin reductase levels are associated with drug sensitivity to cisplatin and drug resistance in tumor cells, this enzyme represents a promising target for the development of cytostatic agents. To optimize the potential of the widely used cisplatin to inhibit the human thioredoxin reductase and therefore to overcome cisplatin resistance, we developed and synthesized four cis-diamminedichloroplatinum complexes of the lead 5-nitro-2-furancarbohydrazide 8 selected from high-throughput screening. Detailed kinetics revealed that the isolated fragments, 5-nitro-2-furancarbohydrazide and cisplatin itself, bind with micromolar affinities at two different subsites of the human enzyme. By tethering both fragments four nitrofuran-based cis-diamminedichloroplatinum complexes 13a-c and 20 were synthesized and identified as bi-ligand irreversible inhibitors of the human enzyme with nanomolar affinities. Studies with mutant enzymes clearly demonstrate the penultimate selenocysteine residue as the prime target of the synthesized cis-diamminedichloroplatinum complexes.
Millet
Régis
R
UMR 8525 CNRS-Université Lille II-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille, 1 rue du Professor Calmette, BP447 59021 Lille Cedex, France.
Urig
Sabine
S
Jacob
Judit
J
Amtmann
Eberhard
E
Moulinoux
Jacques-Philippe
JP
Gromer
Stephan
S
Becker
Katja
K
Davioud-Charvet
Elisabeth
E
D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D004331:Drosophila melanogaster; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005663:Furans / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006834:Hydrazines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D051379:Mice; D009601:Nitroreductases / Q000737:chemistry; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D005663:Furans; D006834:Hydrazines; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; C029492:aromatic NADH-dependent nitroreductase; D009601:Nitroreductases; D013880:Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase