title: Differential modulations of intracortical neural circuits between two intrinsic hand muscles.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether the intracortical inhibitory (ICI) and facilitatory (ICF) circuits in the primary motor cortex between the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles are modulated differently.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation in combination with different current directions (anterior-medially: AM, and posterior-laterally: PL) under relaxed and active muscle conditions with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) between 2 and 16 ms.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both muscle conditions, the conditioned motor-evoked potential (MEP) responses obtained with the AM current direction (preferentially eliciting early I-waves) were similar between the two muscles at all ISIs, but the MEP responses obtained with the PL current direction (preferentially eliciting late I-waves) were different between FDI and ADM muscles, in that the conditioned MEP responses in FDI muscle were inhibited at all ISIs under both muscle conditions, whereas those in ADM muscle were suppressed at only short ISIs (2-4 ms).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that the inhibitory connections operating for the corticospinal tract neurons in FDI muscle are more potent, and, conversely, that those in ADM muscle are weaker.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The different modulations of ICI circuits between FDI and ADM muscles is an important neural mechanism which may contribute to different functional demands (finger dexterity).
authors.affiliation: Division of Sports and Health Sciences, Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ni
authors.forename: Takamasa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Nan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Liang
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sugawara
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yahagi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kasai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D009126:Muscle Relaxation / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation* / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology