title: Expression profiles of BMP-related molecules induced by BMP-2 or -4 in muscle-derived primary culture cells.
abstract: The formation of ectopic bone in muscle following the implantation of decalcified bone matrix led to the search and eventual discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in bone matrix. The precise sequence of molecular events that underpin the cellular transformation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells into bone has not been established, and is the subject of this study. Northern and Western blot analyses were used to examine changes in gene expression of cells treated with BMP-2 or -4. The molecules, which included BMP receptors (BMPRs), Noggin (a BMP-specific antagonist), osteocalcin (OC), Smad-4, and MyoD, were examined at messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. The changes in expression of these molecules were followed in mouse muscle-derived primary culture cells, and osteoblastic or nonosteoblastic embryonic cell lines. We show the early up-regulation of BMPR-1A, -2, Noggin, OC, and Smad-4 in muscle-derived primary culture cells in a dose-dependent manner in response to BMP-2 or -4. MyoD expression was not detected after BMP stimulation. The differential expression of these positive and negative regulators of BMP signaling points to a potential regulatory mechanism for bone induction in mesenchymal cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan.
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Shigeyuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wakitani
authors.forename: Naoto
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Kunio
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaoka
mesh_terms: D015153:Blotting, Western; D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism*; D017570:MyoD Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D051901:Smad4 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology; D000099176:Noggin Protein
chemical_list: D055396:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; D055415:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4; D052004:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors; D052005:Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D017570:MyoD Protein; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051901:Smad4 Protein; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D000099176:Noggin Protein; C525719:Bmp2 protein, mouse; C525810:Bmp4 protein, mouse