title: Endothelial function is impaired in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to evaluate endothelial function in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS).
  
  
  METHODS
  Flow mediated (FMD) and glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) induced dilation of the right brachial artery were studied in 25 patients with PAPS and 25 controls matched by age, sex and conventional risk factors for atherosclerosis. Fibrinogen, D-dimer, adhesion molecules, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigens and activities were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean (SD) FMD was significantly lower in PAPS than in controls (8+/-5% vs. 15+/-6%, P<0.001); GTN-induced dilation did not differ between the groups. There was a correlation between the baseline diameter of the brachial artery and duration of the disease (-0.56, P<0.05) and between GTN induced dilation and duration of the disease (0.51, P<0.05). Concentrations of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.001), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (P<0.001) and fibrinogen (P<0.05) were higher in patients than in controls but no differences were observed for D-dimer, t-PA and PAI-1 antigens and activities. There was correlation between concentration of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and FMD (-0.35, P<0.05) and between intracellular adhesion molecule-1 and FMD (-0.41, P<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows that endothelial function is impaired in patients with primary APS, possibly contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis and thromboembolic complications in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vascular Disease, Zaloska c7, Clinical Centre, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia. monikastalc@email.si
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stalc
authors.forename: Pavel
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Poredos
authors.forename: Polona
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Peternel
authors.forename: Matija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tomsic
authors.forename: Miran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sebestjen
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kveder
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016736:Antiphospholipid Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012307:Risk Factors; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000097:blood; D014664:Vasodilation
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D005340:Fibrinogen; D005996:Nitroglycerin