title: Laughter therapy modulates the parameters of renin-angiotensin system in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: The effect of laughter therapy on the plasma levels of renin, angiotensinogen, and prorenin was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the diabetic patients, the mean plasma renin concentrations were 24.6+/-12.1 ng/ml/h in the first observation (at the beginning of laughter therapy), 8.2+/-3.4 ng/ml/h in the second observation (three months after the beginning of laughter therapy) and 7.7+/-1.7 ng/ml/h in the third observation (six months after the beginning of laughter therapy). The mean plasma angiotensinogen concentrations in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd observations were 0.19+/-0.08, 0.47+/-0.12, 0.42+/-0.14 microg/ml, respectively. The mean plasma prorenin concentrations in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd observations during the laughter therapy were 195.1+/-66.2, 193.4+/-88.2 and 170.7+/-52.5 pg/ml, respectively. Plasma renin concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by the therapy. Subnormal concentrations of plasma angiotensinogen were found in the 1st observation and increased significantly (p<0.05) to the normal range after the therapy. Plasma prorenin concentration only slightly changed during the laughter therapy. Other biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the laughter therapy. These results indicated that a long-term laughter therapy changed the plasma components of renin-angiotensin system in patients with diabetes. Thus, laughter therapy can be used as non-pharmacological treatment for the prevention of diabetic microvascular complications.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
authors.forename: Uddin Mohammad
authors.initials: UM
authors.lastname: Nasir
authors.forename: Shizuko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Iwanaga
authors.forename: A H M Nurun
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Nabi
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Urayama
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Afroza
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sultana
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Fumiaki
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027641:Laughter Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000808:Angiotensinogen; D012083:Renin