title: The apolipoprotein E gene promoter (-219G/T) polymorphism determines insulin sensitivity in response to dietary fat in healthy young adults.
abstract: Insulin sensitivity (IS) is determined by genetic and environmental factors, including diet. The apoE gene promoter -219G/T polymorphism is associated with coronary heart disease and increased postprandial triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein concentration, circumstances related to insulin resistance. Thus, our aim was to determine whether this polymorphism modified the IS response to dietary fat in healthy young adults. Volunteers (n = 43) with the apoE3/E3 genotype (8 GG, 25 GT and 10 TT) completed 3 dietary periods, each lasting 4 wk. They first consumed a SFA-rich diet [38% fat (% of energy in the total diet), 20% SFA (% of energy in the total diet)], and then, in a randomized, crossover design, a carbohydrate (CHO)-rich diet (30% fat, 55% CHO) or a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich diet (38% fat, 22% MUFA). After each diet period, we investigated peripheral IS using the insulin suppression test. The steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in GG subjects than in GT and TT individuals, regardless of the diet consumed. Significant diet x genotype interactions were found for SSPG and plasma nonesterified FFA (NEFA) concentrations. Thus, the shift from the SFA-rich diet to the MUFA- or CHO-rich diets decreased (P < 0.05) the SSPG and NEFA concentrations in GG and GT, but not in TT subjects. In conclusion, carriers of the -219T allele are less insulin sensitive than GG individuals. Furthermore, only carriers of the -219G allele have improved IS when MUFA- or CHO-rich diets are consumed instead of a SFA-rich diet.
authors.affiliation: Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pérez-Jiménez
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Marín
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pérez-Martínez
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moreno
authors.forename: Purificación
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Gómez
authors.forename: Juan Antonio
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Paniagua
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lairon
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: López-Miranda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin