title: A comparison between enamel matrix derivative and a bioabsorbable membrane to enhance healing around transmucosal immediate post-extraction implants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This clinical report compares the use of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) and bioabsorbable barrier membrane to enhance healing following the immediate placement of transmucosal implants into extraction sockets.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two adult patients scheduled for tooth replacement with dental implants agreed to participate. Following the insertion of a transmucosal implant into the extraction site, the subjects were assigned to one of two treatment alternatives of the remaining bone defects around the implants: 1) the residual bone defects were filled with EMD (EMD group) or 2) the residual bone defects were covered with a bioabsorbable membrane (membrane group). Flaps were then coronally positioned around implant cover screws. Patients followed weekly maintenance recalls for the first 6 weeks and then monthly recalls until the final prosthetic restoration was completed (after 6 months). The treatment outcome was evaluated after 12 months by the use of clinical variables. The null hypothesis of no treatment group differences was tested by the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  At a 12-month follow-up, all of the implants were completely osseointegrated and successfully functioning, showing a success rate of 100%. The membrane group showed a significantly lower mean probing attachment level than the EMD group at proximal (0.60 mm, standard deviation (SD) 0.37 versus 1.19 mm, SD 1.10), buccal (0.80 mm, SD 0.79 versus 1.77 mm, SD 1.16), and lingual sites (0.44 mm, SD 0.52 versus 1.48 mm, SD 1.46). The difference was statistically significant at all sites (P < 0.05). With respect to the position of the soft tissue margin around the implant shoulder, the membrane group showed a consistently higher value than the EMD group at, respectively, proximal (1.30 mm, SD 2.37 versus 1.16 mm, SD 1.0), buccal (0.90 mm, SD 1.29 versus 0.22 mm, SD 1.47), and lingual sites (1.12 mm, SD 1.10 versus 0.55 mm, SD 1.42).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The membrane group obtained more favorable results in terms of both the probing attachment level and peri-implant position of soft tissues compared to the EMD group. The use of a bioabsorbable membrane around immediately placed transmucosal implants enhanced soft and hard tissue healing and might be an advisable treatment choice particularly in areas with high esthetic demands.
authors.affiliation: fcangini@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Filippo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cangini
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Cornelini
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000601:surgery*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects; D018786:Bone Substitutes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003094:Collagen; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D048091:Guided Tissue Regeneration / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008875:Middle Aged; D020390:Tooth Socket / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018786:Bone Substitutes; D003746:Dental Enamel Proteins; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; C109069:enamel matrix proteins; D003094:Collagen