title: The role of critical consciousness in multicultural practice: examining how its strength becomes its limitation.
abstract: Given the strengths of developing critical consciousness in multicultural practice, why do roadblocks persist? This article examines how the strengths of developing critical consciousness in multicultural practice can paradoxically become its limitation. Literatures from counseling psychology, clinical psychology, social psychology, social work, feminist theory, and critical theory are integrated in a discussion of the various components and strengths involved in working toward critical consciousness. This literature is then used to discuss some of the cognitive and affective limitations to achieving critical consciousness. Implications for practice are discussed.
authors.affiliation: George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. rpitner@wustl.edu
authors.forename: Ronald O
authors.initials: RO
authors.lastname: Pitner
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
mesh_terms: D001364:Awareness; D018864:Cultural Diversity; D006801:Humans; D008605:Mental Health Services; D011361:Professional Competence; D011364:Professional Practice; D024382:Professional Role; D011369:Professional-Patient Relations; D011582:Psychological Theory; D012933:Social Identification; D013240:Stereotyping