title: Physicians' assessments of adjuvant tamoxifen's effectiveness in older patients with primary breast cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine physicians' assessments of tamoxifen effectiveness in breast cancer patients, identify predictors of these assessments, and estimate the relationship between these assessments and receipt of tamoxifen prescription.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of breast cancer patients aged 65 and older at diagnosis and their physicians were surveyed using mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews.
  
  
  METHODS
  Community and academic hospitals in Rhode Island; North Carolina; Minnesota; and Los Angeles, California between 1996 and 1998.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physicians completed treatment recommendation forms for 496 of 865 Stage Ic to IIIa breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Visual scales measured physicians' assessments of the risk that individual patients would have a breast cancer recurrence or die of breast cancer with, and without, tamoxifen therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean risk ratio+/-standard deviation comparing risk of recurrence without tamoxifen with the risk with tamoxifen was 1.8+/-1.0 and for breast cancer mortality was 1.8+/-1.2. Only estrogen-receptor status and enrollment site emerged as significant predictors of recurrence and mortality risk ratios in regression models. Patients for whom the physician estimated that the recurrence or mortality risk doubled without tamoxifen were more likely to receive a tamoxifen prescription than patients for whom the physician estimated that tamoxifen would have no effect (odds ratio (OR)=1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.98-2.1 for recurrence risk, OR=1.8; 95% CI=1.2-2.6 for mortality risk).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Estrogen receptor status most strongly influenced physicians' assessments of tamoxifen's effectiveness in individual patients; this effectiveness was not found to be associated with advancing patient age. Estrogen receptor status and enrollment site were related to receipt of tamoxifen prescription, but advancing age was not after accounting for physician's individualized assessment of tamoxifen's effectiveness. These findings suggest that an evidence-based approach for hormonal therapy has been widely adopted for care of older patients with breast cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. tlash@bu.edu
authors.forename: Timothy L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lash
authors.forename: Jerry H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Gurwitz
authors.forename: Rebecca A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Silliman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011379:Prognosis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000187:drug effects; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D013629:Tamoxifen