title: Novel virulence gene of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000.
abstract: Previously, we conducted a mutant screen of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 to identify genes that contribute to virulence on Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Here we describe the characterization of one mutant strain, DB4H2, which contains a single Tn5 insertion in PSPTO3576, an open reading frame that is predicted to encode a protein belonging to the TetR family of transcriptional regulators. We demonstrate that PSPTO3576 is necessary for virulence in DC3000 and designate the encoded protein TvrR (TetR-like virulence regulator). TvrR, like many other TetR-like transcriptional regulators, negatively regulates its own expression. Despite the presence of a putative HrpL binding site in the tvrR promoter region, tvrR is not regulated by HrpL, an alternative sigma factor that regulates the expression of many known DC3000 virulence genes. tvrR mutant strains grow comparably to wild-type DC3000 in culture and possess an intact type III secretion system. However, tvrR mutants do not cause disease symptoms on inoculated A. thaliana and tomato plants, and their growth within plant tissue is significantly impaired. We demonstrate that tvrR mutant strains are able to synthesize coronatine (COR), a phytotoxin required for virulence of DC3000 on A. thaliana. Given that tvrR mutant strains are not defective for type III secretion or COR production, tvrR appears to be a novel virulence factor required for a previously unexplored process that is necessary for pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Preiter
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: Alejandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penaloza-Vazquez
authors.forename: Aswathy
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sreedharan
authors.forename: Carol L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bender
authors.forename: Barbara N
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Kunkel
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000382:microbiology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D006706:Homeostasis; D007192:Indenes / Q000032:analysis; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D021381:Protein Transport; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012808:Sigma Factor / Q000502:physiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C085855:HrpL protein, Pseudomonas syringae; D007192:Indenes; D012808:Sigma Factor; D037521:Virulence Factors; C058487:coronatine