Fluorescent proteins as a toolkit for in vivo imaging.
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria, and its mutant variants, are the only fully genetically encoded fluorescent probes available and they have proved to be excellent tools for labeling living specimens. Since 1999, numerous GFP homologues have been discovered in Anthozoa, Hydrozoa and Copepoda species, demonstrating the broad evolutionary and spectral diversity of this protein family. Mutagenic studies gave rise to diversified and optimized variants of fluorescent proteins, which have never been encountered in nature. This article gives an overview of the GFP-like proteins developed to date and their most common applications to study living specimens using fluorescence microscopy.
Chudakov
Dmitriy M
DM
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russia.
Lukyanov
Sergey
S
Lukyanov
Konstantin A
KA
D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods; D003116:Color; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D031541:Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; D015870:Gene Expression; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008164:Luminescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008967:Molecular Biology / Q000379:methods*; D010777:Photochemistry / Q000379:methods; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping / Q000379:methods; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D008164:Luminescent Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C485192:green fluorescent protein, Aequorea victoria; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins