title: Stress fractures and related disorders in foot and ankle: plain films, scintigraphy, CT, and MR Imaging.
abstract: The accurate diagnosis of stress-induced changes in the foot and ankle requires careful and detailed clinical history and examination. This is of paramount importance in ensuring the correct imaging interpretation and for excluding other differential diagnoses. Advanced imaging (scintigraphy and MR imaging) plays a vital role in the early diagnosis of this type of injury, and CT has an important contributory role in the diagnosis of injury where imaging features by the other modalities are equivocal. An early diagnosis reached by judicious use of imaging techniques is the cornerstone of appropriate management, with a high probability of a full recovery, a low risk of complications, and a return to pre-disease activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, The Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Thillainayagam
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muthukumar
authors.forename: Sajid Hassan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Butt
authors.forename: Victor N
authors.initials: VN
authors.lastname: Cassar-Pullicino
mesh_terms: D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D018409:Foot Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D015775:Fractures, Stress / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed