title: TCu 380A IUD: a reversible permanent contraceptive method in women over 35 years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of the TCu 380A IUD in women who had been using the device for more than 10 years and who were 35 years of age or more on completion of the 10th year of IUD use.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 228 women who had an IUD inserted between 1987 and 1992 were included in the study. The cutoff date for analysis was January 31, 2004. Clinical performance was evaluated by life-table analysis. The mean age of women at 10 years of use was 38.8+/-0.4 years and mean parity was 2.2+/-0.08 (mean+/-SD). The duration of follow-up beyond 10 years ranged from 1 to 72 months. No pregnancy was observed in 366 woman-years of observation beyond 10 years of use. The main reason for discontinuation was removal of the device because the clients had previously been informed that the IUD was not approved for use beyond 10 years. This reason accounted for a gross cumulative 6 years discontinuation rate of 42.5 per 100 women beyond 10 years. The other main reasons for discontinuation beyond 10 years of use were surgical sterilization, menopause and expulsion with gross cumulative 6-year termination rates of 19.2, 11.0 and 21.2 per 100 women, respectively. The cumulative continuation rate beyond 10 years was 67.0 at the end of the first year of follow-up and 21.2 at the end of the sixth year.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found no evidence that the TCu 380A IUD loses its effectiveness after 10 years of use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The concept that women who have insertion of a TCu 380A IUD at the age of 25 years or older could use this IUD as a reversible but permanent method of contraception up to the menopause continues to be supported by the accumulation of evidence, although definitive evidence remains to be obtained.
authors.affiliation: Human Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13084-971, Brazil. bahamond@caism.unicamp.br
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bahamondes
authors.forename: Anibal
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Faundes
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sobreira-Lima
authors.forename: Jeffrey F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Lui-Filho
authors.forename: Pablo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pecci
authors.forename: Silvio
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Matera
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D020878:Device Removal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007433:Intrauterine Device Expulsion; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper / Q000592:standards*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome