title: Chromogenic in situ hybridization-detected hotspot MYCN amplification associates with Ki-67 expression and inversely with nestin expression in neuroblastomas.
abstract: Since neuroblastomas are intratumorally heterogeneous, the analysis of genetic and biologic features of randomly selected tumor specimen spots may lead to erroneous conclusions. Our purpose was therefore to construct an easily assessable and strictly defined strategy to unify the detection of various molecular markers in paraffin-embedded neuroblastoma samples. We selected tumor specimen spots of highest proliferation activity, that is, hotspots, for the analysis of MYCN amplification status and proliferation-associated molecular markers, such as nestin, which role in neuroblastoma specimens was evaluated for the first time. Using a chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) technique, we showed that patients with a MYCN copy number higher than six in anti-Ki-67-detected hotspots have significantly worse overall survival prognosis than patients with low MYCN copy numbers (P = 0.0006). The chosen cutoff value of six was shown to dichotomize MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas at least as specifically as Southern blot hybridization, in which amplification was defined by a copy number of > or = 10. Interestingly, we also detected without difficulty MYCN-amplified neuroblastic cells in bone marrow samples using the CISH technique. The proliferation activity, assessed with an anti-Ki-67-based proliferation index, was significantly higher in MYCN-amplified than in nonamplified hotspots. The proliferation indices of the hotspots had also a significant correlation with the prognosis (International Classification) and histological type, whereas the proliferation accelerator Id2 did not associate with any of the mentioned parameters. The expression of nestin associated inversely with MYCN amplification (P = 0.018), which challenges a previously suggested role of nestin in neuroblastomas. In summary, hotspot focusing provides a means of analyzing proliferation-associated markers in neuroblastomas, and together with the CISH detection of the MYCN copy number enables an easy and reliable examination of MYCN status in neuroblastomas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. miikka.korja@utu.fi
authors.forename: Miikka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Korja
authors.forename: Jukka
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Finne
authors.forename: Toivo T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Salmi
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalimo
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karikoski
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Isola
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haapasalo
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000032:analysis; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000032:analysis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds / Q000032:analysis; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D005784:Gene Amplification; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D017403:In Situ Hybridization / Q000379:methods*; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D000071447:N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D064231:Nestin; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000556:secondary; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D015996:Survival Rate; D046888:Tissue Array Analysis
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D002863:Chromogenic Compounds; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; C440408:MIB-1 antibody; C459801:MYCN protein, human; D000071447:N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein; C577484:NES protein, human; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D064231:Nestin; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins