title: Systemic low-dose doxycycline and alendronate administration and serum interleukin-1beta, osteocalcin, and C-reactive protein levels in rats.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of systemic administration of low-dose doxycycline and a bisphosphonate, alendronate, on serum levels of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), osteocalcin (OC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in experimental periodontitis in rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  Experimental periodontitis was induced by repeated injection of purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Escherichia coli endotoxin. Forty-seven adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five study groups and given LPS, LPS + doxycycline, LPS + alendronate, LPS + doxycycline + alendronate, and saline control. At the end of the 1-week protocol, blood samples were obtained, and the rats were sacrificed. Serum samples were analyzed for IL-1beta, OC, and CRP concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The jaws were defleshed, and alveolar bone loss was assessed morphometrically. Data were evaluated statistically by non-parametric tests.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Morphometric measurements revealed significantly more bone loss in the LPS group compared to the saline control group (P <0.05). Alendronate revealed slight inhibition on alveolar bone loss either alone or in combination with doxycycline (alveolar bone loss: 0.41 mm in alendronate and combined drug treatment groups versus 0.45 mm in LPS and doxycycline groups). Significantly higher IL-1beta levels were observed with alendronate either alone or in combination with doxycycline than in the LPS group (P <0.05). Combined administration of doxycycline and alendronate showed significantly higher levels of OC than all of the other groups (P <0.01). Serum CRP levels did not exhibit significant differences between the study groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alendronate either alone or in combination with doxycycline provided slight inhibition on LPS-induced alveolar bone resorption. The significantly increased serum OC level observed in the combined drug treatment group suggests that combined administration of alendronate and doxycycline might increase bone remodeling and thereby inhibit the progression of alveolar bone resorption in rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
authors.forename: Eralp
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: Nurcan
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Buduneli
authors.forename: Saynur
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vardar-Sengül
authors.forename: Levent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kardeşler
authors.forename: Gül
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Atilla
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lappin
authors.forename: Denis F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Kinane
mesh_terms: D019386:Alendronate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016301:Alveolar Bone Loss / Q000145:classification / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis*; D004318:Doxycycline / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004731:Endotoxins; D004926:Escherichia coli; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000097:blood*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008297:Male; D015675:Osteocalcin / Q000097:blood*; D010518:Periodontitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004731:Endotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015675:Osteocalcin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D004318:Doxycycline; D019386:Alendronate