title: A study of the influence of mouth-breathing in some parameters of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva of adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to analyze some standard parameters of the unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva of mouth-breathers and a control group to determine if these variables present any difference in mouth-breathers compared to control group, since these parameters of saliva can influence the oral health.
  
  
  METHODS
  Saliva samples were collected from 61 adolescents aged 10-19 years; 30 were mouth-breathers and 31 were nose-breathers. The unstimulated salivary specimen was collected, followed by collection of the stimulated saliva. Soon after collecting the salivary sample, the flow rate and buffering capacity were determined. The samples were then stored at -80 degrees C until analysis was performed. The analysis consisted of the determination of protein content and total, free and bound sialic acid levels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant difference was observed in the flow rate, buffering capacity, protein content, total and bound sialic acid levels of unstimulated and stimulated saliva, nor in the free sialic acid of stimulated saliva. However, the levels of free sialic acid of the unstimulated saliva were significantly higher in the mouth-breather compared to the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Since a higher level of free sialic acid is indicative of an increase in the number of bacteria in saliva, our findings suggest that mouth-breathers retain more bacteria in oral tissues.
authors.affiliation: Federal University, Adolescent Sector, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, S. Paulo, SP 05412-003, Brazil. reid@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Rosa M E
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Weiler
authors.forename: Mauro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.forename: Alcely S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Barroso
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nicolau
authors.forename: Roberta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Simi
authors.forename: Walter L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Siqueira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009058:Mouth Breathing / Q000378:metabolism*; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / Q000032:analysis*; D012463:Saliva / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid