title: The trend of susceptibilities to amphotericin B and fluconazole of Candida species from 1999 to 2002 in Taiwan.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Candida species have various degrees of susceptibility to common antifungal drugs. The extent of resistance to amphotericin B and fluconazole of Candida glabrata isolates causing candidemia has been reported. Active surveillance may help us to monitor the trend of susceptibility to antifungal drugs and to determine if there is an emerging co-resistance to both drugs of Candida species, specifically, of C. glabrata in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  The susceptibilities to amphotericin B and fluconazole of Candida species collected in 1999 and 2002 of the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance of Yeasts (TSARY) were determined by the microdilution method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The antifungal susceptibilities of 342 and 456 isolates collected from 11 hospitals participating in both TSARY 1999 and TSARY 2002, respectively, have been determined. The resistance rate to amphotericin B has increased from 0.3% in the TSARY1999 to 2.2% in the TSARY 2002. In contrast, the resistance rate to fluconazole has decreased from 8.8% to 2.2%. Nevertheless, significantly more C. glabrata isolates were not susceptible to fluconazole in the TSARY 2002 (47.4%) than that in the TSARY 1999 (20.8%). There were 9.8% and 11% of C. glabrata isolates having susceptible-dose dependent and resistant phenotype to fluconazole in the TSARY 1999, verse 45.3% and 2.1% in the TSARY 2002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an increase of resistance rate to amphotericin B in C. glabrata. On the other hand, although the resistance rate to fluconazole has decreased, almost half of C. glabrata isolates were not susceptible to this drug. Hence, continuous monitoring the emerging of co-resistance to both amphotericin B and fluconazole of Candida species, specifically, of C. glabrata, will be an important early-warning system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, China. yyang@mail.nctu.edu.tw
authors.forename: Yun-Liang
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Shu-Ying
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Hsiao-Hsu
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Hsiu-Jung
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Lo
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005075:Biological Evolution; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000502:physiology*; D025141:Drug Resistance, Fungal; D015725:Fluconazole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D013624:Taiwan
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D000666:Amphotericin B; D015725:Fluconazole