title: Lipolytic activity of Williopsis californica and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in extra virgin olive oil.
abstract: Inoculation trials performed with three strains of yeasts, isolated from extra virgin olive oil, Williopsis californica 1,639, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1,525 and Candida boidinii 1,638, demonstrated that some yeast can lower the quality of the oil during storage. Laboratory tests highlighted a substantial increase in the total diglycerides and free fatty acids in the samples of oil inoculated with the lipase-producing strains of yeasts, W. californica 1,639 and S. cerevisiae 1,525, while in the samples of oil inoculated with the lipase-negative strain C. boidinii 1,638 no differences were found in respect to the uninoculated control. The acidity of the extra virgin olive oil, inoculated with the lipase-producing strains W. californica 1,639 and S. cerevisiae 1,525, during 2 weeks of incubation at 30 degrees C increased respectively from 0.62% to 1.50 and 1.62%, exceeding the limit of 0.8% established by current regulations for this commercial category of olive oil, while in the oil inoculated with the lipase-negative strain and in the uninoculated control, the acidity remained constant throughout. Furthermore, the two strains of lipase-producing yeasts also increased the concentration of the 1.3-diglyceride isomer in the oil lowering the values of the total 1.2-diglycerides/total 1.3-diglycerides ratio considered to be an important index of quality for an extra virgin olive oil. The lipolytic activity of lipase-producing strains W. californica 1,639 and S. cerevisiae 1,525 showed an optimum pH of 6 and 7.5 and an optimum temperature of 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C respectively. Nevertheless, the lipolytic activity was negatively influenced by glucose and polyphenols when the concentration was higher than 0.25% and 0.4% (wt/vol) respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Faculty, University of Molise, Via De Sanctis, I-86100 Campobasso, Italy. ciafardi@unimol.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ciafardini
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Zullo
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cioccia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iride
mesh_terms: D002175:Candida / Q000201:enzymology; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008049:Lipase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008066:Lipolysis; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000592:standards; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000201:enzymology; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D015003:Yeasts / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D000069463:Olive Oil; D010938:Plant Oils; D008049:Lipase