title: Tissue Doppler echocardiographic evidence of atrial mechanical dysfunction in coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Atrial function is an integral part of cardiac function which is often neglected. The presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) may impair atrial function. This study investigated if atrial mechanical dysfunction was present in patients with CAD by tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDI).
  
  
  METHODS
  Echocardiography with TDI was performed in 118 patients with CAD, and compared with 100 normal controls with comparable age and heart rate. Regional atrial function was assessed at the left (LA) and right (RA) atrial free wall and inter-atrial septum (IAS). The peak regional atrial contraction velocity of (V(A)) and the timing of mechanical events were compared.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The V(A) in the LA (5.0+/-2.6 Vs 7.7+/-2.6 cm/s), IAS (4.8+/-1.7 Vs 5.7+/-1.5 cm/s) and RA (6.8+/-3.1 Vs 9.2+/-2.9 cm/s) were significantly decreased in patients with CAD when compared with controls (all p<0.001). Patients with impaired systolic function (ejection fraction<or=50%) had significantly lower V(A) in the LA and IAS than those with ejection fraction>50% (both p<0.001); and were lower in those with restrictive filling pattern (RFP) than non-RFP of diastolic dysfunction (both p<0.05). The V(A) in all the subgroups was lower than controls. In contrast, transmitral atrial velocity was unable to reveal any abnormality except in the subgroup with a RFP. The LA dimension, area and volume were increased in the disease groups, but were largely unchanged in the RA despite abnormal V(A). The physiological inter-atrial delay for the onset and peak atrial contraction between the RA and LA were unaffected by CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The atrial contractile function in both atria was impaired in the presence of CAD, especially in the LA. This was detected even in patients with preserved systolic function or mild diastolic dysfunction such as non-RFP. Direct assessment of atrial velocity by TDI may better reflect atrial mechanical function than transmitral atrial velocity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. cmyu@cuhk.edu.hk
authors.forename: Cheuk-Man
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jeffrey Wing-Hon
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: Qing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Leo C C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Kum
authors.forename: Hong
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Gabriel Wai-Kwok
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Maggie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: John E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sanderson
mesh_terms: D016280:Atrial Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018450:Disease Progression; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D011379:Prognosis; D012720:Severity of Illness Index