Drug-induced diabetes mellitus.
OBJECTIVE
To review the medications that influence glucose metabolism with a focus on hypertensive, transplant and HIV-infected patient populations.


METHODS
Literature obtained from a MEDLINE search from 1970 to present, including studies published in the English language. The search strategy linked drugs, hyperglycaemia and diabetes mellitus, HIV, transplantation, hypertension and psychiatric patients.


RESULTS
Many common therapeutic agents influence glucose metabolism. Multiple mechanisms of action on glucose metabolism exist through pancreatic, hepatic and peripheral effects. The prevalence of hyperglycaemia was higher with the use of thiazide diuretic, beta-blocker, calcineurin, protease inhibitors and atypical antipsychotic drugs.


CONCLUSIONS
Patients treated with those drugs appear to be at increased risk for developing diabetes. It is prudent to monitor plasma glucose values when it is not possible to avoid prescription of medication with known effects on carbohydrate metabolism.
Izzedine
Hassane
H
Department of Nephrology, Pitie-SalPetriere Hospital, Paris, France. hassan.izzedine@psl.ap-hop-paris.fr
Launay-Vacher
Vincent
V
Deybach
Camille
C
Bourry
Edward
E
Barrou
Benoit
B
Deray
Gilbert
G
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006133:Growth Substances; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy
D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D006133:Growth Substances