title: Molecular and biological characterization of three novel interleukin-6-dependent human myeloma cell lines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Established human myeloma cell lines (HMCL) have significantly contributed to the investigation of the biological aspects of multiple myeloma. Our study reports the molecular and biological characterization of three novel interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dependent HMCL (CMA-01, CMA-02, CMA-03) established from the malignant plasma cells of myeloma patients with extramedullary disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  The immunophenotype, cell growth characteristics, IL-6 pathway, chromosomal alterations and gene expression profiles of the three HMCL were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The plasma cell origin of the three Epstein-Barr virus-negative HMCL was confirmed by immunophenotypic analysis. Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses revealed the presence of complex karyotypes with many numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities. All three HMCL are positive for the t(8;14); CMA-01 and CMA-02 showed t(11;14) and t(14;16) translocations, respectively. The three HMCL grow slowly at a relatively low saturation density and depend on exogenous IL-6 for their survival and proliferation. The comparison of the gene expression profiles of the three HMCL versus those of the purified tumor plasma cells from which the cell lines were derived identified a set of differentially expressed genes mainly involved in the cell proliferation pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Extensively characterized large HMCL panels that reflect the heterogeneity of the disease may improve our understanding of the pathogenetic events and clinical progression of multiple myeloma.
authors.affiliation: U.O. Ematologia 2, Ospedale Maggiore IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: Donata
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Verdelli
authors.forename: Michela
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mattioli
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fabris
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Nobili
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Intini
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guerneri
authors.forename: Katia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Todoerti
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanella
authors.forename: Giorgio Lambertenghi
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Deliliers
authors.forename: Luigia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lombardi
authors.forename: Antonino
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neri
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000379:methods; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000379:methods; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6