title: Ochratoxin A-producing strains of Penicillium spp. isolated from grapes used for the production of "passito" wines.
abstract: The post-harvest mycobiota of dried grapes, used in Friuli Venezia Giulia (Northern-East Italy) for the production of "passito" dessert wines, was investigated in order to detect potential ochratoxin A (OTA)-producers. Five grape cultivars were analysed and only isolates belonging to the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium were evaluated. No Aspergillus spp. was found while 379 strains of Penicillium spp. were isolated. Four strains produced UV fluorescent metabolites on grape juice agar and synthetic liquid media as observed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Three of these resulted OTA producers when analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), following immunoaffinity column purification. According to the results of morphological examinations and ribosomal DNA sequencing, the OTA producer strains did not belong to the species P. verrucosum or P. nordicum. The corresponding passito wines did not contain OTA.
authors.affiliation: Università degli Studi di Udine, Dipartimento di Biologia Applicata alla Difesa delle Piante, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torelli
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Firrao
authors.forename: Romano
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Locci
authors.forename: Emanuela
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gobbi
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010407:Penicillium / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D010802:Phylogeny; D013030:Spain; D027843:Vitis / Q000382:microbiology*; D014920:Wine / Q000382:microbiology / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A