title: Switch to diester preen waxes may reduce avian nest predation by mammalian predators using olfactory cues.
abstract: It has long been recognised that nest depredation by olfactory-searching mammals greatly influences the reproductive success of ground-nesting birds. Yet adaptations of birds to diminish smell during nesting have rarely been investigated. Recently, a remarkable shift in the composition of uropygial gland secretions (preen waxes) was discovered in many ground-nesting shorebirds and ducks that begin incubation, during which the usual mixtures of monoester preen waxes are replaced by mixtures of less volatile diester waxes. In this study we show experimentally that an olfactory-searching dog had greater difficulty detecting mixtures of the less volatile diesters than mixtures of monoesters. This is consistent with the hypothesis that diester preen waxes reduce birds' smell and thereby reduce predation risk.
authors.affiliation: Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands. reneer@nioz.nl
authors.forename: Jeroen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reneerkens
authors.forename: Theunis
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Piersma
authors.forename: Jaap S Sinninghe
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Damsté
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D046091:Charadriiformes / Q000378:metabolism*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004285:Dogs / Q000502:physiology; D004952:Esters / Q000737:chemistry; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism*; D006120:Grooming / Q000502:physiology; D009425:Nesting Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants / Q000032:analysis*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology; D014835:Volatilization; D014885:Waxes / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004952:Esters; D014885:Waxes