title: GPI-anchored TIMP-1 treatment renders renal cell carcinoma sensitive to FAS-meditated killing.
abstract: The resistance of tumours to immune-mediated lysis has been linked to the biology of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and specifically to the cell surface expression of MMPs by the tumour cell. The endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) exhibit diverse physiological/biological functions including the moderation of tumour growth, metastasis and apoptosis. These biologic activities are mediated in part by the stoichiometry of TIMP/MMP/cell surface protein interactions. A glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor was fused to TIMP-1 to focus defined concentrations of this inhibitory protein on the surface of three renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (RCC-26, RCC-53 and A498) independently of cell surface protein-protein interactions. Exogenously added TIMP-1-GPI efficiently inserted into the RCC cell membrane and dramatically altered the association of MMPs with the cell surface. TIMP-1-GPI treatment inhibited RCC proliferation and rendered the normally FAS-resistant RCC cells sensitive to FAS-induced apoptosis but did not alter perforin-mediated lysis by cytotoxic effector cells. The increased sensitivity to FAS-mediated apoptosis correlated with an alteration in the balance of pro- and antiapoptotic BCL-2-family proteins. By interfering with the proliferative capacity and inducing sensitivity to immune effector mechanisms GPI-anchored TIMP-1 may represent a more effective version of the TIMP-1 protein for therapeutic strategies.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Poliklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Djafarzadeh
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Noessner
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schendel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Notohamiprodjo
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: von Luettichau
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D015536:Down-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000276:immunology; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000276:immunology; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D004792:Enzyme Precursors; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D061965:Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein; D019014:fas Receptor; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9