Hostility, testosterone, and vascular reactivity to stress: effects of sex.
This study investigated the association of personality with cardiovascular stress reactivity (CVR) in men and women. Also, the degree to which testosterone and estradiol reactivity were related to personality and CVR measures was examined. Twenty-six men and 44 women completed the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory before speech, Stroop, and math stress. Testosterone (men) and estradiol (subset of women) were sampled once after an initial rest period and again after the last stressor. Cardiovascular reactivity, including cardiac output and total peripheral resistance (TPR), was assessed during stressors. For men, testosterone increased significantly with stress, and testosterone reactivity to stressors was significantly correlated with hostility. However, stepwise multiple regression revealed that hostility was the only independent predictor of CVR to speech, math, and Stroop stress in men, accounting for 13%-32% of the variance in TPR. Baseline systolic blood pressure explained 22% of the variance in TPR reactivity to speech preparation. No evidence was obtained to suggest that hostility, depressive mood, or anxiety predicted CVR in women, and estradiol did not show stress-sensitive effects. These data provide evidence that increased vascular reactivity may be one mechanism linking hostility to increased cardiovascular mortality in men and support the notion that hostility may have different implications for CVR in women.
Girdler
S S
SS
Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jammer
L D
LD
Shapiro
D
D