title: Efficacy of rivastigmine on activities of daily living in Sri Lankan patients with Alzheimer disease and on improving caregiver burden: a prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This open label, parallel group, prospective cohort study investigated the efficacy of rivastigmine treatment on activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible benefits of this therapy on caregiver stress levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty eight consecutive patients with mild to moderate AD were recruited; 22 received rivastigmine 3-6 mg twice daily (treatment group) for 20 weeks. Sixteen patients who did not receive rivastigmine served as the control group. The 17-item ADL Index was used to assess ADL and to determine the presence of functional deterioration. Caregivers were evaluated with the Caregiver Stress Scale (CSS). Each patient was required to have a committed caregiver and all caregivers were interviewed and administered the ADL Index and the Caregiver Stress Scale (CSS) at the start of treatment (week 0) and at the end of 20 weeks of treatment (week 20).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients in the control group showed a significant decline in ADL Index score at 20 weeks compared to rivastigmine-treated patients (difference in mean ADL Index score = 8.5; p < 0.001). At week 20, mean change from baseline scores for CSS total and individual domain scores were better for caregivers in the treatment group than those in the control group (CSS total mean difference = 19.2).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that treatment of AD patients with rivastigmine for 20 weeks produces a significant improvement in patient ADL functioning, and lower levels of caregiver stress.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya. asita@mfac.kln.ac.lk
authors.forename: H A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: de Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pathmeswaran
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Gunatilake
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013188:Sri Lanka; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D000068836:Rivastigmine