title: Evaluation of endometrial receptivity during in-vitro fertilization using three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare sonographic endometrial characteristics in in-vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles between women who conceive and those who do not.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-five women undergoing IVF treatment participated in the study. Using three-dimensional (3D) power Doppler ultrasound, we assessed endometrial patterns, volume and vascularization, after follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation but before human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration (referred to hereafter as 'after FSH stimulation') and again on the day of oocyte retrieval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pregnancy rate was 37% (13/35). After FSH stimulation, 29 of the 35 women had a triple-line endometrial pattern, compared with five out of 35 on the day of oocyte retrieval. In those who had a triple-line pattern after FSH stimulation the pregnancy rate was 44.8% (13/29) and it was 0% (0/6) in those with a homogeneous pattern (chi-square test, P = 0.039). If a triple-line pattern was present on the day of oocyte retrieval the pregnancy rate was 80.0% (4/5), whereas if the pattern was homogeneous the pregnancy rate was 30.0% (9/30) (P = 0.032). There were no differences between those who conceived and those who did not in endometrial thickness, volume or vascularization on either day examined. Endometrial volume decreased significantly after hCG injection in women who conceived, but not in those who did not conceive. In both groups endometrial and subendometrial vascularization decreased after hCG injection, while the endometrial thickness remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The existence of a homogeneous endometrial pattern after FSH stimulation seems to be a prognostic sign of an adverse outcome in IVF, while a triple-line pattern after FSH stimulation and a decrease in endometrial volume appear to be associated with conception.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. ijarvela@cc.oulu.fi
authors.forename: I Y
authors.initials: IY
authors.lastname: Järvelä
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sladkevicius
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ojha
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nargund
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004717:Endometrium / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000379:methods; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011379:Prognosis; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler
chemical_list: D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone