title: Spray-freeze-dried liposomal ciprofloxacin powder for inhaled aerosol drug delivery.
abstract: Spray-freeze drying was utilized to manufacture a liposomal powder formulation containing ciprofloxacin as a model active component. The powder forms liposomally encapsulated ciprofloxacin when wetted. Aerosol properties of this formulation were assessed using a new passive inhaler, in which the powder was entrained at a flow rate of 60l/min. A mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 2.8 microm was achieved for this formulation. Using the experimental dispersion testing data, ciprofloxacin concentration in the airway surface liquid (ASL) was calculated using a Lagrangian deposition model. The reconstitution of the powder in various aqueous media gave drug encapsulation efficiencies as follows: 50% in water, 93.5% in isotonic saline, 80% in bovine mucin, 75% in porcine mucus and 73% in five-fold-diluted ex vivo human cystic fibrosis patient sputum.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Aerosol Research Laboratory of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
authors.forename: Lyle G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Sweeney
authors.forename: Zhaolin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Raimar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Loebenberg
authors.forename: Jonathan P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Carlos F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lange
authors.forename: Warren H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Finlay
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000336:Aerosols; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry*; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D005612:Freeze Drying; D008081:Liposomes; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D008081:Liposomes; D011208:Powders; D002939:Ciprofloxacin