title: Factors influencing the discomfort of intraoral needle penetration.
abstract: This study with 24 volunteers compared the discomfort produced by needle penetration in different parts of the palatal mucosa. In addition, comparing a fresh needle to one that was used for a previous penetration in the same patient, we assessed the influence of the status of the needle on insertion discomfort during buccal mucosal penetration. The results showed that needle penetration in the anterior hard palate was more uncomfortable than in the posterior palate. Although men could not differentiate between fresh and used needles for a second buccal mucosal penetration, women reported a significant increase in discomfort with used needles.
authors.affiliation: School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, England. J.G.Meechan@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Meechan
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Howlett
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000278:Administration, Buccal; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D017743:Equipment Reuse; D005157:Facial Pain / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000295:instrumentation; D008297:Male; D009061:Mouth Mucosa; D009339:Needles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D021362:Palate, Hard; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local