title: Proteomic analysis on metastasis-associated proteins of human hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A comparative proteomic approach was used to identify and analyze proteins related to metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Proteins extracted from 12 HCC tissue specimens (six with metastases and six without) were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The protein spots exhibiting statistical alternations between the two groups through computerized image analysis were then identified by mass spectrometry. In addition immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blotting and RT-PCR were performed to verify the expression of certain candidate proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16 proteins including HSP27, S100A11, CK18 were annotated by mass spectrometry, relevant to chaperone function, cell mobility, cytoskeletal architecture, respectively. Most were previously unconnected with metastasis of HCC. Of these HSP27 was found overexpressed consistently in 2-DE patterns of all metastatic HCC tissues compared with nonmetastatic ones. IHC and Western blotting of HCC tissues confirmed this difference while RT-PCR did not.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There are various proteins joined together in HCC metastasis. The overexpression of HSP27 may serve as a biomarker for early detection and therapeutic targets unique to the metastatic phenotype of HCC.
authors.affiliation: Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 200032 Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Yin-Kun
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ju-Tao
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Jie-Feng
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cui
authors.forename: Zhi
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Li-Jun
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Jiu-Xian
authors.initials: JX
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: Hua-Li
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Zhao-You
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Tang
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000032:analysis; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D015153:Blotting, Western; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000737:chemistry*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D055551:HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins; C057725:HSPB1 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins