title: X-ray microanalysis of elements in the masticatory muscle after paresis of the right masseter.
abstract: Muscle activity and function appear to be related to ionic concentrations in the muscle. We investigated whether muscle paresis induced by injection of Botulinum toxin A (Botox) in 16-week-old pigs over a 56-day period is associated with ionic changes in the affected muscles. Tissue samples were taken from the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and geniohyoid muscles by a standardized method and used for energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis in an environmental scanning electron microscope. The largest increase in Na(+) was measured in the right and left sides of the masseter muscle in treated animals. Additionally, a significant elevation of Na(+) was measured in the anterior part of the temporalis muscle and in the pterygoid muscle (P < 0.05). In temporalis and pterygoid muscles, an increase in sulfur in both sides of treated pigs' heads was observed. Botox((R)) has an indirect impact on ion concentrations, resulting in changes in muscle functional capacity and adaptive compensation of paretic muscle function by other muscles.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical Faculty, Carl Gustav Carus Technical University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gedrange
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mai
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lupp
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harzer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D002713:Chlorine / Q000032:analysis; D004577:Electron Probe Microanalysis; D004602:Elements; D008274:Magnesium / Q000032:analysis; D008406:Masseter Muscle / Q000737:chemistry*; D008410:Masticatory Muscles / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009334:Neck Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010243:Paralysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000032:analysis; D011188:Potassium / Q000032:analysis; D011626:Pterygoid Muscles / Q000737:chemistry; D012964:Sodium / Q000032:analysis; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013552:Swine; D013703:Temporal Muscle / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D004602:Elements; D009465:Neuromuscular Agents; D010758:Phosphorus; D002713:Chlorine; D013455:Sulfur; D012964:Sodium; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A; D008274:Magnesium; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium