title: Effect of TNF-alpha on Raji cells at different cellular levels estimated by various methods.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, a pleiotropic cytokine, has been shown to induce diverse and opposite effects on lymphoid malignancy depending on TNF receptor system expression. Based on this, we investigated its in vitro dose- and time-related effect on the malignant B-cell line Raji, derived from Burkitt lymphoma patients, at different intracellular levels. The membrane alteration was estimated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and by flow cytometry; intracellular metabolic energy by determination of the total intracellular LDH activity; total cytosole protein mass by sulforhodamine B assay; and cell growth by incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA. Significant increase of LDH through cell membrane alteration was accompanied by decrease of intracellular metabolized energy and total protein mass. TNF-alpha at lower concentrations (125 and 250 pg/ml) significantly induced cell proliferation in comparison with 1,000 pg/ml of TNF-alpha, which induced more cell death. TNF-alpha induced maximal apoptosis rate up to 30% after 24 h, showing more effects for a necrotic form of cell death. Here we reported opposite and diverse effects of TNF-alpha at different intracellular levels in Raji cells, when applied in different assays, showing characteristics for every cellular compartment.
authors.affiliation: School of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia and Montenegro. vdvd@mailcity.com
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jurisic
authors.forename: Gordana
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bogdanovic
authors.forename: Vesna
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kojic
authors.forename: Dimitar
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jakimov
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Srdic
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000378:metabolism; D002051:Burkitt Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D003584:Cytological Techniques; D004247:DNA / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D009336:Necrosis; D012235:Rhodamines / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D012235:Rhodamines; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C022027:lissamine rhodamine B; D004247:DNA; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D003402:Creatine Kinase