title: Effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in diabetic rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the protective effect of lysozyme chloride on betel quid chewing (BQC) aggravated gastric oxidative stress and hemorrhagic ulcer in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Male Wistar rats were challenged intravenously with streptozotocin (65 mg/kg) to induce DM. Rats were fed with regular pellet food or BQC-containing diets. After 90 d, rats were deprived of food for 24 h. Rat stomachs were irrigated for 3 h with normal saline or simulated gastric juice. Rats were killed and gastric specimens were harvested.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An enhancement of various gastric ulcerogenic parameters, including acid back-diffusion, mucosal lipid peroxide generation, as well as decreased glutathione levels and mucus content, were observed in DM rats. After feeding DM rats with BQC, an exacerbation of these ulcero-genic parameters was achieved. Gastric juice caused a further aggravation of these ulcerogenic parameters. Daily intragastric lysozyme chloride dose-dependently inhibited exacerbation of various ulcerogenic parameters in those BQC-fed DM rats.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  (1) Gastric juice could aggravate both DM and BQC-fed DM rat hemorrhagic ulcer; (2) BQC exacerbated gastric hemorrhagic ulcer in DM rats via enhancing oxidative stress and reducing defensive factors; (3) lysozyme chloride effectively protected BQC aggravated gastric damage in DM rats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China. crhung@mail.ncku.edu.tw
authors.forename: Chen-Road
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Hung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001114:Areca / Q000737:chemistry*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; D005750:Gastric Juice / Q000737:chemistry; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013270:Stomach / Q000166:cytology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D009113:Muramidase