title: VIP Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced immune responses in human monocytes.
abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Gram-negative pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) stimulates cytokine secretion in immune cells, and thereby initiates the inflammation associated with periodontitis. Modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine activity is a plausible therapeutic target in periodontal disease. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) has a role in immunoregulation, and has been identified as a molecule with therapeutically beneficial immunosuppressive effects in inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. We aimed to investigate the effect of VIP on immune responses induced by Pg LPS in vitro. VIP (10(-8) M) significantly (P < 0.05) inhibits TNF-alpha production by human monocytic THP1 cells stimulated with Pg LPS. In parallel, we showed that VIP inhibits nuclear translocation of NFkappaB and c-Jun in a time-dependent manner, but does not decrease the expression of CD14 receptors. This is the first report to show the potential of VIP as an immunomodulator of Pg-stimulated inflammatory pathways in human monocytes.
authors.affiliation: Oral Microbiology and Host Responses Group, School of Dental Sciences, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4BW, UK. neil.foster@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cheetham
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Preshaw
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016966:Porphyromonas gingivalis; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D016755:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014660:Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide