title: Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism in Indian children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nephrotic syndrome is one of the commonest renal problem encountered in children. It is difficult to predict at onset, the clinical course in terms of steroid responsiveness or resistance. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been studied as a predictor of clinical course in common multi-factorial diseases including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. There is no study available from our country till date to find out any correlation of the steroid response in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and ACE gene polymorphism.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To study distribution and correlation of ACE gene I/D polymorphism in idiopathic steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied ACE gene polymorphism in 90 consecutive patients (82% males, 18% females) with steroid sensitive idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and 300 normal controls (NC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test (for cases with insufficient expected cell frequencies).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of onset was 5.3 +/- 4 years. Steroid sensitive (SS) patients showed II (SS-48%, NC-26%) genotype was more frequent than normal controls (p=0.002). There was no significant difference in genotype frequencies among steroid SS subgroups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our study II genotype was more frequent in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome children in comparison to normal controls. Further functional studies with large number of children are required to investigate the role of II genotype in steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Comparison of the genotypic frequency with steroid resistant patients may provide information, which might be useful in clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Patil
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gulati
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tripathi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Agrawal
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000097:blood / Q000235:genetics*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D015995:Prevalence; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D004247:DNA; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A