title: Formation and characterization of porous indomethacin-PVP coprecipitates prepared using solvent-free supercritical fluid processing.
abstract: Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc-CO2) was used to prepare coprecipitates of indomethacin (IM) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) with the aim to improve the dissolution rate of IM. The coprecipitates of IM and PVP at various proportions were prepared using a stirred batch reactor containing sc-CO2 as a gas saturated solution (i.e., the compressible CO2 is dissolved in the molten compound). Temperatures between 40 and 90 degrees C and pressure of 150 or 200 bar were employed. The coprecipitates prepared at 75 degrees C and 150 bar were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dissolution testing. The results suggested that IM was totally amorphous at PVP weight fraction of 0.80 and above (indeed, as a molecular composite in which the drug molecules interact with the polymer backbone). As the PVP weight fraction decreased, IM displayed an increasing amount of crystalline material. The SEM photographs of coprecipitates showed a foamed and porous structure. The dissolution rate of IM was increased by incorporation of PVP. IM and PVP at various weight fractions exhibited comparatively higher dissolution rates than that of crystalline IM alone. The sc-CO2 based process produced a solvent free, completely amorphous porous IM solid dispersion with a rapid dissolution rate.
authors.affiliation: Clean Technology Group, Department of Materials, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Viboonkiat
authors.forename: I U
authors.initials: IU
authors.lastname: Rehman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Buckton
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Darr
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D011232:Chemical Precipitation; D025924:Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; D004339:Drug Compounding; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000737:chemistry*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry*; D016062:Porosity; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000737:chemistry*; D012995:Solubility; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D011108:Polymers; D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D007213:Indomethacin