title: The effect of N-acetylcysteine on pulmonary lipid peroxidation and tissue damage.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We aimed to investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on pulmonary lipid peroxidation and tissue damage in experimental obstructive jaundice (OJ) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in this study.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomized 40 rats into five groups. Group A: Sham (n = 8); group B: OJ (n = 8); group C: OJ + lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 8); group D: OJ + NAC + LPS (n = 8); group E: OJ + LPS + NAC (n = 8). OJ was performed by common bile duct ligation and division in all groups except the sham group. At the fifth day, the rats were jaundiced. At the fifth day of OJ, LPS was injected 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally to the rats and at the tenth day, the rats were sacrificed in group C. In group D; at the fifth day of OJ, NAC was started 100 mg/kg subcutaneously and the same dose NAC injection repeated every day for 5 days. At the tenth day of OJ, LPS was injected 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally to the rats and then after 6 h they were sacrificed. In group E; 10 mg/kg LPS was administered intraperitoneally at fifth day of OJ and after then NAC was started 100 mg/kg subcutaneously and the same dose NAC injection repeated every day for 5 days and at the tenth day, the rats were sacrificed. Tissue samples were harvested through a midline incision, and lungs were resected and examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically for tissue damage scoring. The blood was taken by cardiac puncture and malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and levels of total antioxidant status were detected with biochemical methods to evaluate lung tissue damage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Increase in lung and serum MDA and MPO levels, as well as decrease in total antioxidant status, were observed in groups B and C when compared with the sham group (P = 0.0001, for each comparison). Furthermore, the lung tissue damage was observed in the same groups by histopathological examination when compared with sham group. There was significant decrease at serum and lung MPO and MDA levels after the NAC application in groups D and E, when compared with group C (P = 0.0001, for each comparison). Antioxidant status in groups D and E were increased in the presence of NAC (P = 0.0001, for each comparison). Lung histology was prevented relatively in group D when compared with groups B and C.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of the study indicate that NAC has protective effect on pulmonary lipid peroxidation and tissue damage before and after LPS administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Mersin University Medical Faculty, Mersin, Turkey. tacka@mersin.edu.tr
authors.forename: Tamer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akca
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Canbaz
authors.forename: Canten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tataroglu
authors.forename: Mehmet
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caglikulekci
authors.forename: Lulufer
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tamer
authors.forename: Tahsin
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Colak
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kanik
authors.forename: Oner
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Bilgin
authors.forename: Suha
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aydin
mesh_terms: D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis; D003135:Common Bile Duct / Q000601:surgery; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D041781:Jaundice, Obstructive / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008026:Ligation; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D009195:Peroxidase; D000111:Acetylcysteine