title: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) and C/EBPalpha myeloid oncoproteins induce bcl-2 via interaction of their basic regions with nuclear factor-kappaB p50.
abstract: The CEBPA gene is mutated in 10% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. We find that CEBPA and Bcl-2 RNA levels correlate highly in low-risk human AMLs, suggesting that inhibition of apoptosis via induction of bcl-2 by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) or its mutant variants contributes to transformation. C/EBPalphap30, lacking a NH2-terminal transactivation domain, or C/EBPalphaLZ, carrying in-frame mutations in the leucine zipper that prevent DNA binding, induced bcl-2 in hematopoietic cell lines, and C/EBPalpha induced bcl-2 in normal murine myeloid progenitors and in the splenocytes of H2K-C/EBPalpha-Emu transgenic mice. C/EBPalpha protected Ba/F3 cells from apoptosis on interleukin-3 withdrawal but not if bcl-2 was knocked down. Remarkably, C/EBPalphaLZ oncoproteins activated the bcl-2 P2 promoter despite lack of DNA binding, and C/EBPalphap30 also activated the promoter. C/EBPalpha and the C/EBPalpha oncoproteins cooperated with nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) p50, but not p65, to induce bcl-2 transcription. Endogenous C/EBPalpha preferentially coimmunoprecipitated with p50 versus p65 in myeloid cell extracts. Mutation of residues 297 to 302 in the C/EBPalpha basic region prevented induction of endogenous bcl-2 or the bcl-2 promoter and interaction with p50 but not p65. These findings suggest that C/EBPalpha or its mutant variants tether to a subset of NF-kappaB target genes, including Bcl-2, via p50 to facilitate gene activation and offer an explanation for preferential in-frame rather than out-of-frame mutation of the leucine zipper with sparing of the basic region in C/EBPalphaLZ oncoproteins. Targeting interaction between C/EBPalpha basic region and NF-kappaB p50 may contribute to the therapy of AML and other malignancies expressing C/EBPs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pediatric Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, CRB 253, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.
authors.forename: Ido
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Paz-Priel
authors.forename: Dong Hong
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Dehua
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Jeanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kowalski
authors.forename: Amanda
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blackford
authors.forename: Huaitian
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Caroline A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Heckman
authors.forename: Adrian F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Gombart
authors.forename: H Phillip
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Koeffler
authors.forename: Linda M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Boxer
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Friedman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002460:Cell Line; D018922:HL-60 Cells; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D015533:Transcriptional Activation
chemical_list: D022763:CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-alpha; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D012333:RNA, Messenger