title: Treatment with rhenium-188-perrhenate and iodine-131 of NIS-expressing mammary cancer in a mouse model remarkably inhibited tumor growth.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Novel therapeutic modalities are needed for breast cancer patients in whom standard treatments are not effective. Mammary gland sodium/iodide symporter has been identified as a molecular target in breast cancers in humans and in some transgenic mouse models. We report the results of a therapy study with (131)I(-) and (188)ReO(4)(-) of breast cancer in polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) transgenic mice endogenously expressing the Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS).
  
  
  METHODS
  PyMT mice (12-13 weeks old) with one palpable tumor of 0.5-0.8 cm in diameter were used. For the therapy studies, PyMT mice were (1) treated with two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of (188)ReO(4)(-) 1 week apart, (2) pretreated for 1 week with 5 microg of triiodothyronine (T3) followed by two intraperitoneal injections of 1.5 mCi of (131)I(-) 1 week apart or (3) left untreated. The tumor and normal organ uptakes were assessed by scintigraphic imaging. The thyroid function of treated and control animals was evaluated at the completion of the study by measuring the T3/thyroxine (T4) ratio in their blood.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was significant uptake of (131)I(-) and (188)ReO(4)(-) in the primary palpable tumors as well as in nonpalpable tumors, stomachs and thyroids. The tumor uptake after the second injection was 10 times lower in comparison with the first injection. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited in both the (131)I(-) and (188)ReO(4)(-) groups in comparison with the control group, and tumors in the (188)ReO(4)(-) group increased in size significantly less than in the (131)I(-) group. The T3/T4 ratios were calculated to be 27 and 25 for the control group and the (188)ReO(4)(-) group, respectively; for (131)I(-), both the T3 and T4 levels were below detection limit, demonstrating much less effect on the thyroids of treatment with (188)ReO(4)(-) than with (131)I(-).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results prove that NIS expression in breast tumors in animal models allows specific, efficient and safe treatment with a variety of radionuclides transported by NIS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. edadacho@accom.yu.edu
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Dadachova
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Elaine Y
authors.initials: EY
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gnatovskiy
authors.forename: Ping
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jeffrey W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Pollard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000528:radiation effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D051379:Mice; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012211:Rhenium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D027981:Symporters / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012211:Rhenium; D027981:Symporters; D000099209:Sodium-Iodide Symporters