title: The effects of a graded activity intervention for low back pain in occupational health on sick leave, functional status and pain: 12-month results of a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Behaviorally oriented graded activity interventions have been suggested for sick-listed workers with low back pain on return to work, but have not been extensively evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and thirty-four workers were randomly assigned to either a graded activity intervention (n = 67) or usual care (n = 67) and followed-up for 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The graded activity group returned back to work faster with a median of 54 days compared to 67 days in the usual care group. The graded activity intervention was more effective after approximately 50 days post-randomization (HRR = 1.9, CI = 1.2-3.1, p = 0.01). Differences between the groups in number of recurrent episodes, total number of days of sick leave due to low back pain, and total number of days of sick leave due to all diagnoses, were in favor of the graded activity group, although not statistically significant. No effects of the graded activity intervention were found for functional status or pain.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Graded activity intervention is a valuable strategy to enhance short-term return to work outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Hynek
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hlobil
authors.forename: J Bart
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Staal
authors.forename: Jos
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Twisk
authors.forename: Albere
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Köke
authors.forename: Geertje
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ariëns
authors.forename: Tjabe
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Smid
authors.forename: Willem
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: van Mechelen
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D017116:Low Back Pain / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012008:Recurrence; D018582:Sick Leave / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016019:Survival Analysis