title: Akt activation correlates with adverse outcome in tongue cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recent data have shown a significant association between phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and failure of local disease control by radiation therapy in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC), and also that Akt activation correlates with histologic progression of HNSCC from premalignant lesions to invasive cancer. This study evaluated the role of Akt in previously untreated preneoplastic lesions of oral cavity and invasive tongue carcinoma on patient outcome and cancer development.
  
  
  METHODS
  PKB/Akt activation was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a phosphorylation state-specific antibody (Ser 473) in tongue cancer and preneoplastic specimens of oral cavity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The expression of p-Akt was detected in 24 (46%) of the 52 available tongue cancer cases and in 10 (45%) of the 22 available preneoplastic lesions. In tongue cancer, with a median follow-up of 7.3 years, p-Akt was highly expressed in the cases that relapsed (15 of 17, 88%) or died of cancer (10 of 12, 83%). Disease-free survival was significantly shorter in cases with Akt expression (log rank test, P < 0.0001) independently of the stage and nodal status.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Expression of p-Akt correlated with worse outcome in patients with tongue cancer. This finding highlights the potential role of Akt as a prognostic marker and as a potential target for molecular therapeutics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Head & Neck/Thoracic Medical Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Erminia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Massarelli
authors.forename: Diane D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: J Jack
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Adel K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: Lorenzo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lo Muzio
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Staibano
authors.forename: Sabino
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: De Placido
authors.forename: Jeffrey N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Myers
authors.forename: Vassiliki A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Papadimitrakopoulou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001706:Biopsy; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000201:enzymology / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014062:Tongue Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt