title: Total nasopharyngeal stenosis: treatment with laser excision, nasopharyngeal obturators, and topical mitomycin-c.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Severe nasopharyngeal stenosis after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is a dreaded complication. Very little has been written about successful treatment because attempts at correction frequently fail. Severe stenosis of the nasopharynx drastically worsens speech, swallowing, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We present our successful experience with severe stenosis focusing on a simple functional repair using topical mitomycin-c as well as differing daytime and nighttime palatal obturators.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three adults with total or near-total nasopharyngeal stenosis secondary to UPPP were referred to our institution after multiple failed attempts at repair. Each presented with significant OSA on polysomnogram (PSG), with excessive daytime somnolence and voice and swallowing complaints. Under general anesthesia, a CO2 laser is used to create an opening in the nasopharynx. Removable and adjustable palatal obturators are fashioned to keep the nasopharynx open with a daytime insert piece with a small obturator hole for diminished velopharyngeal insufficiency and a nighttime piece without an insert to maximize recumbent airflow. Obturators are removed 6 months later with topical application of mitomycin-c as a fibroblast inhibitor. All patients were followed clinically for at least 1 year and received posttreatment PSG.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All patients experienced resolution of their stenoses. Swallowing and voice complaints resolved. Either OSA was eliminated or any residual OSA was successfully treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Serial videoendoscopic images throughout the treatment phase demonstrate the effectiveness of this new technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe nasopharyngeal stenosis is a rare but devastating complication of UPPP. We introduce a simple technique that uses functional palatal obturators and topical mitomycin-c and describe our success with this treatment algorithm.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wilford Hall Medical Center, San Anotnio, TX, USA.
authors.forename: Loren M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Villa L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Guillory
authors.forename: Eric A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Mair
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015552:Injections, Intralesional; D053685:Laser Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D016685:Mitomycin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009302:Nasopharyngeal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000628:therapy*; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D010036:Otolaryngology / Q000379:methods; D010158:Palatal Obturators; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D016685:Mitomycin