title: [Mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children with micrognathia].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children with congenital micrognathia using mandibular distraction osteogenesis and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this approach.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 patients (4 males, 2 females) had undergone mandibular distraction osteogenesis, 12 distraction devices were placed through extraoral incision for bilateral distraction. The mean age of treatment was 1 year and 9 months (range 4 months to 9 years). Every patient had been evaluated pre and postoperatively with cephalometry. The period of consolidation was 4 - 11 weeks. The period of follow-up was from 2 to 10 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average distraction distance was 19.2 mm (range 15 to 25 mm). The osteotomy and distraction processes were smooth in all the cases, the osteogenesis was good, without infection and other complications. The posterior airway space was increased from averaged 4.5 mm preoperatively to 10. 1mm after surgery. Five children had normal respiration and sleep restored with naso-pharyngeal airway removal or tracheostomy decannulation. One patient is to receive a planned second stage of distraction with a horizontal vector. The results were stable without relapse during a follow-up period of 2 to 10 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of mandibular distraction osteogenesis is an important component and effective in the treatment of OSAS and permits mandibular advancement in the younger child. As more experience is gained with distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of children with OSAS, the role of distraction will become better defined.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Hospital, Beijing Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100041, China.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: Xiao-Mei
authors.initials: XM
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Guo-Ping
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Andrew A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Heggie
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Holmes
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008844:Micrognathism / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D019857:Osteogenesis, Distraction / Q000379:methods*; D020181:Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*