title: HIV impact on acute morbidity and pelvic tumor control following radiotherapy for cervical cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the impact of HIV infection on acute morbidity and pelvic tumor control following external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for cervical cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  218 patients receiving EBRT who also had HIV testing after informed consent was obtained were evaluated. Acute treatment toxicity was documented weekly during treatment and 1 month post-EBRT. Pelvic tumor control was documented at 4 and 7 months post-EBRT. Clinicians were blinded for HIV results.
  
  
  RESULTS
  About 20% of the patients were HIV-positive. Overall, 53.4% of the patients had radiation-related acute toxicity (grade 3-4). HIV infection was associated with a 7-fold higher risk of multisystem toxicity: skin, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and genitourinary tract (GUT) systems. It was also an independent risk factor for treatment interruptions (adjusted relative risk 2.2). About 19% of the patients had residual tumor at 4 and 7 months post-EBRT. HIV infection was independently and significantly associated with 6-fold higher risk of residual tumor post-EBRT. The hazard ratio of having residual tumor after initial EBRT was 3.1-times larger for HIV-positive than for HIV-negative patients (P = 0.014).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIV is associated with increased risk of multisystem radiation-related toxicity; treatment interruptions and pelvic failure (residual tumor) following EBRT. HIV infection is an adverse prognostic factor for outcome of cervical cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Anatomy and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 2631KNH 00202, Nairobi, Kenya. pgichangi@csrtkenya.org
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gichangi
authors.forename: Job
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bwayo
authors.forename: Benson
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Estambale
authors.forename: Khama
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rogo
authors.forename: Eliud
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Njuguna
authors.forename: Shadrack
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ojwang
authors.forename: Marleen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temmerman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000821:virology*; D002583:Uterine Cervical Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000821:virology*