title: Calcium antagonists for secondary prevention of myocardial infarction: is there a need to shift from short-acting to long-acting types?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although short-acting nifedipine does not prevent myocardial infarction (MI), calcium antagonists with a long half-life may be effective.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The present study was a retrospective analysis of the incidences of cardiac events among patients with a healed MI treated with 3 times-a-day type nifedipine (half-life 1.8 h; n=617), twice-a-day type nifedipine (half-life 4.0 h; n=527) and those not taking calcium antagonists (n=1,593) from 1986 to 1993, and the incidences of those on once-a-day type calcium antagonists (half-life 11.0 h; n=903) and those not taking calcium antagonists (n=2,788) from 1994 to 2001. Cardiac events included cardiac death and nonfatal recurrent MI. Single and multivariate analyses using the Cox-Hazard model were performed. From 1986 to 1993 cardiac events occurred in 38 patients with 3-times-a-day nifedipine (6.2%, hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.45 and 0.93-2.27), in 18 patients with twice-a-day nifedipine (3.4%: 0.68 and 0.39-1.20), 57 patients without calcium antagonists (3.6%). Cardiac events also occurred in 11 patients with once-a-day type nifedipine (1.2%: 0.72 and 0.37-1.42) and 48 patients without calcium antagonists (1.7%). Of the once-a-day type calcium antagonists, cardiac events were the lowest (2 patients, 0.6%: 0.32 and 0.08-1.31) in patients with amlodipine (half-life 39.0 h; n=334), which has the longest half-life. None of these drugs were a significant factor in the increase or decrease in the incidence of cardiac events. However, there was a good correlation between the half-life of the calcium antagonist and the hazard ratio for reducing cardiac events.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although there was a tendency toward a reduction in cardiac events using calcium antagonists with long half-life, none of these drugs could significantly reduce the incidence of cardiac events in patients with a healed MI.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sakai Municipal Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: Takaaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taniwa
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyataka
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kimura
authors.forename: Mitsugu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Taniguchi
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirano
authors.forename: Takahiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Kinji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
mesh_terms: D017311:Amlodipine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000378:metabolism / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D017311:Amlodipine; D009543:Nifedipine; D002118:Calcium