Patent foramen ovale: current pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical status.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is experiencing increased clinical interest as a congenital cardiac lesion persisting into adulthood. It is implicated in several serious clinical syndromes, including stroke, myocardial infarction, and systemic embolism. The PFO is now amenable to percutaneous interventional therapies, and multiple novel technologies are either available or under development for lesion closure. The PFO should be better understood to take advantage of emerging percutaneous treatment options. This paper reviews PFO anatomy, pathology, pathophysiology, and clinical impact and discusses current therapeutic options.
Hara
Hidehiko
H
Minneapolis Heart Institute and Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Virmani
Renu
R
Ladich
Elena
E
Mackey-Bojack
Shannon
S
Titus
Jack
J
Reisman
Mark
M
Gray
William
W
Nakamura
Masato
M
Mooney
Michael
M
Poulose
Anil
A
Schwartz
Robert S
RS
D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000196:embryology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans