title: Predictions by the Odor From Feedlots, Setback Estimation Tool (OFFSET) compared with observations by neighborhood monitors.
abstract: A comparison between predicted and observed odor intensities at 20 neighborhood residences in the vicinity of seven various livestock farms in five different Minnesota counties was made to evaluate the Odor From Feedlots, Setback Estimation Tool (OFFSET) developed by the University of Minnesota. Observations by neighborhood monitors suggest that the OFFSET-predicted separation distances for annoyance-free frequencies of 99, 98, and 97% are large enough. The observations additionally indicate that predicted distances to obtain 94 and 91% annoyance-free frequencies may be large enough for some farms, but for other farms, greater distances may be needed. For two farms in the study, no significant difference between all of the observed and predicted intensities could be found. At four sites, a significant difference was found, and at three of these the difference was considerable. Odor emission rates used in the OFFSET model seem to describe the average emission fairly well for many odor sources, but improvement may be needed for some types of sources. Possible reasons for observations of annoying odor when not predicted include fluctuations in the odor emissions, wind speed fluctuations, topographic variation between sites, sensitivity differences by neighborhood monitors, and background emissions from other sources.
authors.affiliation: Department of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden.
authors.forename: Sven A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Nimmermark
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Jacobson
authors.forename: David R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Susan W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Gay
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000822:Animal Husbandry; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006799:Housing, Animal; D006801:Humans; D008910:Minnesota; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009812:Odorants; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013552:Swine; D014422:Turkeys; D014919:Wind
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants