title: Ion channel regulation of the dynamical instability of the resting membrane potential in saccular hair cells of the green frog (Rana esculenta).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the ion channel regulation of the resting membrane potential of hair cells with the aim to determine if the resting membrane potential is poised close to instability and thereby a potential cause of the spontaneous afferent spike activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ionic mechanism and the dynamic properties of the resting membrane potential were examined with the whole-cell patch clamp technique in dissociated saccular hair cells and in a mathematical model including all identified ion channels.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In hair cells showing I/V curves with a low membrane conductance flanked by large inward and outward rectifying potassium conductances, the inward rectifier (K(IR)), the delayed outward rectifier (K(V)) and the large conductance, calcium-sensitive, voltage-gated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) were all activated at rest. Under current clamp conditions, the outward current through these channels balanced the inward current through mechano-electrical transduction (MET) and Ca2+ channels. In 45% (22/49) of the cells, the membrane potential fluctuated spontaneously between two voltage levels determined by the voltage extent of the low membrane conductance range. These fluctuations were not influenced by blocking the MET channels but could be reversibly stopped by increasing [K+]o or by blocking of K(IR) channels. Blocking the BK(Ca) channels induced regular voltage oscillations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Two intrinsic dynamical instabilities of V(m) are present in hair cells. One of these is observed as spontaneous voltage fluctuations by currents through K(IR), K(V) and h-channels in combination with a steady current through MET channels. The other instability shows as regenerative voltage changes involving Ca2+ and K(V) channels. The BK(Ca) channels prevent the spontaneous voltage fluctuations from activating the regenerative system.
authors.affiliation: IMB, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. fjorgensen@health.sdu.dk
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: A B A
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Kroese
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D006198:Hair Cells, Auditory / Q000378:metabolism*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000502:physiology*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000378:metabolism; D011893:Rana esculenta; D012444:Saccule and Utricle
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D007473:Ion Channels; D015221:Potassium Channels