title: Clindamycin bioavailability and pharmacokinetics following oral administration of clindamycin hydrochloride capsules in dogs.
abstract: Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetic behaviour of clindamycin in dogs was investigated following intravenous (IV) and oral (capsules) administration of clindamycin hydrochloride, at the dose of 11 mg/kg BW. The absorption after oral administration was fast, with a mean absorption time (MAT) of 0.87+/-0.40 h, and bioavailability was 72.55+/-9.86%. Total clearance (CL) of clindamycin was low, after both IV and oral administration (0.503+/-0.095 vs. 0.458+/-0.087 L/h/kg). Volume of distribution at steady-state (IV) was 2.48+/-0.48 L/kg, indicating a wide distribution of clindamycin in body fluids and tissues. Elimination half-lives were similar for both routes of administration (4.37+/-1.20 h for IV, vs. 4.37+/-0.73 h for oral). Serum clindamycin concentrations following administration of capsules remained above the MICs of very susceptible microorganisms (0.04-0.5 microg/mL) for 12 or 10 h, respectively. Time above the mean inhibitory concentration (MIC) is considered as the index predicting the efficacy of clindamycin (T(>MIC) must be at least 40-50% of the dosing interval), so a once-daily oral administration of 11 mg/kg BW of clindamycin can be considered therapeutically effective. For less susceptible bacteria (with MICs of 0.5-2 microg/mL) the same dose should be given but twice daily.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece. batzias@vet.auth.gr
authors.forename: Georgios C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Batzias
authors.forename: Georgios A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Delis
authors.forename: Labrina V
authors.initials: LV
authors.lastname: Athanasiou
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001682:Biological Availability; D002214:Capsules / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002214:Capsules; D002981:Clindamycin