title: (89)Zr as a PET surrogate radioisotope for scouting biodistribution of the therapeutic radiometals (90)Y and (177)Lu in tumor-bearing nude mice after coupling to the internalizing antibody cetuximab.
abstract: Immuno-PET as a scouting procedure before radioimmunotherapy (RIT) aims at confirming tumor targeting and accurately estimating radiation dose delivery to both tumor and normal tissues and might therefore be of value for selection of patient candidates for RIT. A prerequisite for this approach is that PET radioimmunoconjugates and RIT radioimmunoconjugates must show a similar biodistribution. In the present study, we evaluated the potential of the long-lived positron emitter (89)Zr to predict biodistribution of the residualizing therapeutic radiometals (88)Y (as a substitute for (90)Y) and (177)Lu when labeled to the monoclonal antibody (mAb) cetuximab via different types of chelates. Cetuximab was selected as a model mAb because it abundantly internalizes after binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cetuximab was labeled with (89)Zr using succinylated desferrioxamine B (N-sucDf). The chelates p-benzyl isothiocyanate-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7, 10-tetraacetic acid (p-SCN-Bz-DOTA) and p-isothiocyanatobenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (p-SCN-Bz-DTPA) were both used for radiolabeling with (88)Y and (177)Lu. For measurement of the in vitro stability of each of the 5 radioimmunoconjugates, samples were incubated in freshly prepared human serum at 37 degrees C up to 16 d. Biodistribution was assessed at 24, 48, 72, and 144 h after intraperitoneal coinjection of the PET and RIT conjugates in nude mice bearing the squamous cell carcinoma xenograft line A431.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cetuximab premodification with N-sucDf, p-SCN-Bz-DOTA, or p-SCN-Bz-DTPA resulted in chelate-to-mAb molar ratios of about 1. After radiolabeling and purification, the radiochemical purity and immunoreactive fraction of the conjugates always exceeded 97% and 93%, respectively. All conjugates were stable in serum, showing a radioactivity release of less than 5% until day 7. From day 7 until day 16, an enhanced release was observed for the (89)Zr-N-sucDf, (88)Y-p-SCN-Bz-DTPA, and (177)Lu-p-SCN-Bz-DTPA conjugates. The coinjected PET and RIT conjugates showed similar biodistributions, except for the thighbone and sternum. For example, the (89)Zr-N-sucDf conjugate showed a 2.0-2.5 times higher radioactivity accretion in the thighbone than did the RIT conjugates at 72 h after injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In view of the advantages of PET over SPECT, (89)Zr-immuno-PET is a promising modality for in vivo scouting of (90)Y- and (177)Lu-labeled mAbs, although care should be taken when estimating bone marrow doses.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Lars R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Perk
authors.forename: Gerard W M
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Maria J W D
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Vosjan
authors.forename: Marijke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stigter-van Walsum
authors.forename: Bernard M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Tijink
authors.forename: C René
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Leemans
authors.forename: Guus A M S
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: van Dongen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000532:radiotherapy; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008187:Lutetium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009928:Organ Specificity; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015040:Zirconium / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D011868:Radioisotopes; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D015021:Yttrium Radioisotopes; D008187:Lutetium; D015040:Zirconium