title: Use of genetic immunization to raise antibodies recognizing toxin-related cell surface ADP-ribosyltransferases in native conformation.
abstract: ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) transfer ADP-ribose from NAD to arginine, asparagine, or cysteine residues in target proteins. This post-translational protein modification is the mechanism by which cholera-toxin and other bacterial toxins cause pathology in human host cells. Molecular cloning has identified five toxin-related GPI-anchored cell surface ARTs in the mouse (ART1, ART2.1, ART2.2, ART3, and ART4) and three in the human (ART1, ART3, and ART4). ART2-which has sparked interest because of its ability to activate the cytolytic P2X7 purinergic receptor by ADP-ribosylation-is encoded by two functional gene copies in the mouse genome while the human genome carries two inactivated ART2 pseudogenes. We generated stable transfectants for FLAG-tagged versions of each of the functional human and mouse ARTs. Using genetic immunization we raised monoclonal antibodies that recognize the native human ARTs on the surface of living cells. Some of these mAbs recognize an epitope shared with the mouse ART orthologue but not with more distant ART paralogues. Screening of primary cells and established cell lines by FACS revealed expression of ART1 by monocytes, neutrophils and myeloid leukemia cell lines but not by cell lines derived from solid tumors. ART1 and ART4 have been assigned the designations: CD296, and CD297, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Immunology, University Hospital, 20246 Hamburg, Germany. nolte@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koch-Nolte
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Glowacki
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bannas
authors.forename: Fenja
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Braasch
authors.forename: Gudrun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dubberke
authors.forename: Erika
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ortolan
authors.forename: Ada
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Funaro
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Malavasi
authors.forename: Friedrich
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Haag
mesh_terms: D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000276:immunology; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization / Q000379:methods; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000378:metabolism; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000378:metabolism; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D017261:Glycosylphosphatidylinositols; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D036002:ADP Ribose Transferases