title: An assessment of dead space in pulmonary ventilation of the toad Bufo schneideri.
abstract: The respiratory cycles of Rana and Bufo has been disputed in relation to flow patterns and to the respiratory dead-space of the buccal volume. A small tidal volume combined with a much larger buccal space motivated the "jet steam" model that predicts a coherent expired flow within the dorsal part of the buccal space. Some other studies indicate an extensive mixing of lung gas within the buccal volume. In Bufo schneideri, we measured arterial, end-tidal and intrapulmonary PCO(2) to evaluate dead-space by the Bohr equation. Dead-space was also estimated as: V(D)=(total ventilation-effective ventilation)/f(R), where total ventilation and f(R) were measured by pneumotachography, while effective ventilation was derived from the alveolar ventilation equation. These approaches were consistent with a dead space of 30-40% of tidal volume, which indicates a specific pathway for the expired lung gas.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, 14.049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Glass
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002025:Bufonidae / Q000502:physiology*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation / Q000502:physiology*; D012126:Respiratory Dead Space / Q000502:physiology*; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide