title: Effects of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and amifostine in spinal cord reirradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test whether insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and amifostine modulate the reirradiation tolerance of rat cervical spinal cord. Initial experiments by the authors' group suggested that administration of each agent alone significantly increased the median latent time to radiation myelopathy (RM) in previously unirradiated animals but did not change the dose-response relationship. Because of different modes of action, a follow-up study was undertaken to test the combined treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  The cervical spinal cord of 51 adult Fisher F-344 rats received a single fraction of 16 Gy, which corresponds to approximately 75% of the median paresis dose (ED(50)), followed 5 months later by a second radiation dose, which ranged from 17 to 21 Gy. The study animals received a single intrathecal injection of 0.3 mg amifostine into the cisterna magna 30-60 min before reirradiation plus three subcutaneous doses of IGF-1 (700 microg) starting from 24 h before to 24 h after reirradiation. Control animals received saline injections via the same routes. Animals were followed until RM developed or until 12 months from reirradiation. Histopathologic examinations were performed post mortem.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No animals showed any neurologic abnormalities before reirradiation. RM occurred in controls versus treated rats after a mean latency of 218 versus 314 days (19 Gy; p = 0.11) and 104 versus 186 days (21 Gy; p = 0.002) from second dose (Figure 1). ED(50) was 18.2 versus 19.4 Gy (p = 0.15; Figure 2). Treatment with IGF-1 and amifostine did not significantly influence the rates of tumor induction or intercurrent death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IGF-1 and amifostine significantly reduced RM rates after 21 Gy. The shift of the dose-response curve suggests an increase of the ED(50) for single-dose treatment by approximately 7%. Thus, brief therapeutic intervention might slightly decrease radiation-induced neurotoxicity in a retreatment situation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany. cnied@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nieder
authors.forename: Roger E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: Belinda
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rivera
authors.forename: Nicolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Andratschke
authors.forename: K Kian
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Ang
mesh_terms: D004999:Amifostine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002574:Cervical Vertebrae; D005260:Female; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011837:Radiation-Protective Agents; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; D004999:Amifostine