title: The effect of chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder and estrogen replacement therapy on bladder functions and histology in surgically menopause and chronic cystitis induced rats.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the effect of chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder and estrogen replacement therapy on bladder function and histological changes in surgically menopause and chronic cystitis induced rats.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 36 female Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into five groups. After bilateral ovariectomy, chronic cystitis was induced by intravesical instillation of HCl, and then group 1 (n = 8) received nasal estrogen, and group 2 (n = 8) received oral estrogen replacement therapy. Group 3 (n = 7) underwent ovariectomy and chronic cystitis, but no replacement therapy. Group 4 (n = 7) had only ovariectomy. Group 5 (n = 6) was taken as sham group. The rats were sacrificed after 60 days, and cystometric study and histological findings were compared among the groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean maximal bladder capacity and compliance revealed significant decreases in group 3 and 4 compared with group 5, and significant increases in group 1 and 2 compared with group 3. Histological findings showed significant increases in the mast cells and leukocyte infiltration of group 3 and 4 compared with group 5, and significant decreases in the mast cells and leukocyte infiltration of group 1 and 2 compared with group 3.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This experimental menopause and chronic cystitis model showed that bladder function and histology might deteriorate much more with chronic cystitis in postmenopausal period. This is the first study in the literature to report that chronic inflammatory bladder occurring after menopause can be improved by estrogen replacement therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Mersin School of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey. selcayan@mersin.edu.tr
authors.forename: Selahittin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cayan
authors.forename: Bülent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Canpolat
authors.forename: Filiz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Cayan
authors.forename: Necat
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yilmaz
authors.forename: Akif
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kartal
authors.forename: Izzet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Oguz
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Akbay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002452:Cell Count; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003556:Cystitis / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015914:Estrogen Replacement Therapy; D005260:Female; D008407:Mast Cells; D020556:Neutrophil Infiltration / Q000502:physiology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D016610:Tissue Embedding; D014048:Tolonium Chloride; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D014563:Urodynamics / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D014048:Tolonium Chloride