title: New-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation: an application of 2003 International Guidelines.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The 2003 International Consensus Guidelines defined new-onset diabetes after transplantation. This study determined the risk of new-onset diabetes following kidney transplantation using these criteria.
  
  
  METHODS
  Consecutive nondiabetic patients who received kidney transplantation between August 2001 and March 2003 (recent, n=61) and before August 2001 (earlier, n=61) were retrospectively evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all, 74% in the recent group and 56% in the earlier group developed diabetes by 1 year posttransplant. Median time to diabetes development was 23 days in the recent vs. 134 days in the earlier group (P=0.0304). Most patients developed diabetes within 60 days after transplantation. Immunosuppression was the strongest correlate of diabetes development; tacrolimus and cyclosporine A treatments were associated with increased risk. The rate of development was also greater when rapamycin was added to tacrolimus, compared to when it was not. The risk was double in African-Americans compared to whites. Age, body mass index, family history of diabetes, and etiology of renal failure did not predict diabetes; however, the mean age of patients was greater than previously reported.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of patients are at risk of developing new-onset diabetes within a short time after kidney transplantation. The risk may be due to preexisting risk factors, immunosuppressive agents, or older age. The significance of these findings is not clear, but demands appropriate follow-up studies related to glycemia, end-organ complications, and graft function. It remains to be determined whether the 2003 International Consensus Guidelines are adequate to appropriately diagnose diabetes in the posttransplant time period, with special emphasis on the first 3 months.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-3020, USA.
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sulanc
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Puumala
authors.forename: Gerald C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Groggel
authors.forename: Lucille E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Wrenshall
authors.forename: R Brian
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Stevens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000009:adverse effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D015994:Incidence; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000009:adverse effects; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D020123:Sirolimus; D016559:Tacrolimus