title: Variable Unstressed Volume Keeps Normal Distributions of Canine Left Ventricular Contractility and Total Mechanical Energy under Atrial Fibrillation.
abstract: We have reported that the contractility index (E(max)) and the total mechanical energy (PVA) of arrhythmic beats of the left ventricle (LV) distribute normally in canine hearts under electrically induced atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, E(max) is the ventricular elastance as the slope of the end-systolic (ES) pressure-volume (P-V) relation (ESPVR), and PVA is the systolic P-V area as the sum of the external mechanical work within the P-V loop and the elastic potential energy under the ESPVR. To obtain E(max) and PVA, we had to assume the systolic unstressed volume (V(o)) as the V-axis intercept of the ESPVR to be constant despite the varying E(max), since there was no method to obtain V(o) directly in each arrhythmic beat. However, we know that in regular stable beats V(o) decreases by approximately 7 ml/100 g LV with approximately 100 times the increases in E(max) from ~0.2 mmHg/(ml/100 g LV) of almost arresting weak beats to approximately 20 mmHg/(ml/100 g LV) of strong beats with a highly enhanced contractility. In the present study, we investigated whether E(max) and PVA under AF could still distribute normally, despite such E(max)-dependent V(o) changes. The present analyses showed that the E(max) changes were only approximately 3 times at most from the weakest to the strongest arrhythmic beat under AF. These changes were not large enough to affect V(o) enough to distort the frequency distributions of E(max) and PVA from normality. We conclude that one could practically ignore the slight E(max) and PVA changes with the Emax-dependent V(o) changes under AF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shikatacho, Okayama, 700-8558 Japan. smohri@md.okayama-u.ac.jptimes.
authors.forename: Satoshi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohri
authors.forename: Juichiro
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiroki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sano
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Takaki
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suga
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation; D004285:Dogs; D006352:Heart Ventricles; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D016011:Normal Distribution; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D013318:Stroke Volume; D013599:Systole; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left