title: Predictors of recurrence in thymic tumors: importance of invasion, World Health Organization histology, and size.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study sought to define predictors of recurrence after resection of thymic tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  A single-institution retrospective study was performed of 179 patients who underwent resection of a thymic tumor from 1972 through 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Resection was complete in 90% (161/179) of patients. After a median follow-up of 115 months, the recurrence rate was 11% (20/179), the tumor-related death rate was 7.8% (14/179), and the overall death rate was 36.3% (65/179). Tumor recurrence correlated with advanced stage and histology (P < .0001). The difference in recurrence between Masaoka stage I (0) and II (1.7% [1/59]) was insignificant. Recurrence rates correlated with World Health Organization tumor type: A and AB, 0%; B1 and B2, 8% (4/51); B3, 27% (14/51); and C, 50% (2/4; P < .0001). Tumor size separation into quintiles demonstrated a step-up of recurrence at 8 cm (<8 cm, 1.8% [2/113]; > or =8 cm, 28% [18/64]; P < .003). Multivariate Cox modeling demonstrated that Masaoka stage (odds ratio, 5.70; P < .001), World Health Organization histology (odds ratio, 5.77; P = .003), and size (odds ratio, 1.16; P = .001) were independent predictors of recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Masaoka staging system could be collapsed to 3 degrees of invasion by combining stages I and II. The World Health Organization histologic type can be simplified for clinical use into A (A, AB), early B (B1, B2), advanced B (B3), and C tumors. Size of 8 cm or larger is an independent risk factor, even when patients with Masaoka stage III tumors are considered alone, and might identify candidates for preoperative therapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass 02114, USA. wright.Cameron@mgh.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Cameron D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wain
authors.forename: Daniel R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: Dean M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Donahue
authors.forename: Henning A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Gaissert
authors.forename: Hermes C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Grillo
authors.forename: Douglas J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mathisen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013945:Thymoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery*