title: Cardiopulmonary effects of dexmedetomidine in sevoflurane-anesthetized sheep with and without nitric oxide inhalation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether inhaled nitric oxide (NO) prevents pulmonary hypertension and improves oxygenation after i.v. administration of a bolus of dexmedetomidine in anesthetized sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  6 healthy adult sheep.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a crossover study, sevoflurane-anesthetized sheep received dexmedetomidine (2 microg/kg, i.v.) without NO (DEX treatment) or with inhaled NO (DEX-NO treatment). Cardiopulmonary variables, including respiratory mechanics, were measured before and for 120 minutes after bolus injection of dexmedetomidine.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dexmedetomidine induced a transient decrease in heart rate and cardiac output. A short-lived increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) was followed by a significant decrease in MAP and SVR for 90 minutes. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (MPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance increased transiently after dexmedetomidine injection. The Pao2 was significantly decreased 3 minutes after injection and reached a minimum of (mean +/- SEM) 13.3 +/- 78 kPa 10 minutes after injection. The decrease in Pao2 was accompanied by a sudden and prolonged decrease in dynamic compliance and a significant increase in airway resistance, shunt fraction, and alveolar dead space. Peak changes in MPAP did not differ between the 2 treatments. For the DEX-NO treatment, Pao2 was significantly lower and the shunt fraction significantly higher than for the DEX treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Inhalation of NO did not prevent increases in pulmonary arterial pressures induced by i.v. administration of dexmedetomidine. Preemptive inhalation of NO intensified oxygenation impairment, probably through increases in intrapulmonary shunting.
authors.affiliation: Equine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Sabine B R
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Kästner
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kull
authors.forename: Annette P N
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Kutter
authors.forename: Jolanda
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boller
authors.forename: Regula
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bettschart-Wolfensberger
authors.forename: Mirja K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Huhtinen
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D020927:Dexmedetomidine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D008170:Lung Compliance / Q000187:drug effects; D008738:Methyl Ethers / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism*; D015656:Respiratory Mechanics / Q000187:drug effects; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D018685:Anesthetics, Inhalation; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000077149:Sevoflurane; D020927:Dexmedetomidine