title: Randomized evaluation of Ureteral Stents using validated Symptom Questionnaire.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ureteral stents are associated with significant pain and urinary symptoms. Manufacturers have altered stent designs and materials in an attempt to minimize this morbidity. This study evaluated the impact of these modifications.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stent manufacturers were asked to provide the 6F ureteral stent they believed would be associated with the least patient discomfort. Patients undergoing uncomplicated ureteroscopy were randomized to the Bard Inlay, Cook Endo-Sof, Microvasive Contour, Applied Medical Vertex, or Surgitek Classic Double-Pigtail stent. The Ureteric Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) was administered on days 1, 3, and 5, and the patients maintained a narcotic diary. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and nonparametric methods.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 44 patients (73%) completed all USSQ questionnaires. Urinary symptom scores were significantly lower for the Inlay stent on day 3 than for the Vertex (P = 0.01), Contour (P = 0.05), Endo-Sof (P = 0.03), and Classic (P = 0.02) stents. No significant differences were noted in pain and general symptom scores or narcotic use.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Bard Inlay stent is associated with less-severe urinary symptoms than other ureteral stents. The USSQ is a sensitive tool to measure differences between stents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urologic Surgery, University of Minnesota and VAHCS Minneapolis, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
authors.forename: Courtney
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuskowski
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Premoli
authors.forename: Neil
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Skemp
authors.forename: Manoj
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Monga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004363:Drug Utilization; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D021501:Flank Pain / Q000209:etiology; D006417:Hematuria / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012890:Sleep; D015607:Stents; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D018666:Ureteroscopy
chemical_list: D009294:Narcotics