title: Evaluation of postoperative pain after sinonasal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pain after sinonasal surgery concerns both patients and surgeons. Factors affecting sinonasal postoperative pain have not been examined extensively.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using a prospective survey design, sinonasal surgery patients evaluated postoperative pain (on a scale of 0-10), pain location, and medication use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred twenty-seven patients consented to participate. One hundred fifteen patients returned surveys, with 100 patients appropriate for analysis over the 6-day postoperative period. Pain score and medication use were evaluated with respect to sex, primary/revision case, nasal packing, and other factors. Repeated measures analysis of variance and chi-square analysis were conducted (p < 0.05). Pain ratings and analgesic use declined significantly over the postoperative period (p < 0.05). Mean pain score on postoperative day (POD) 1 was 3.61 and on POD 6 was 1.72. Mean medication use was 1.37 tablets on POD 1 and 0.55 tablets on POD 6. Additionally, a significant interaction existed, such that narcotic medication use declined from 1.91 tablets on POD 1 to 0.52 tablets on POD 6, whereas nonnarcotic medication use remained steady (p < 0.05). Periorbital pain was most frequent (46.3%), with unilateral facial pain reported least (4.1%). A significant difference existed for distribution of pain location (p < 0.05). Finally, the difference in pain rating between primary and revision procedure for women (0.65) was less than for men (1.12); this interaction was significant (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multiple patient and operative factors affect pain rating and medication use after sinonasal surgery. Generally, pain level should be low with little analgesic use postoperatively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Emory Clinic, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Sarah K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: Justin C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Wise
authors.forename: John M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: DelGaudio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid