title: A randomized prospective controlled trial of antibiotic prophylaxis in intraoral bone grafting procedures: single-dose clindamycin versus 24-hour clindamycin prophylaxis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single oral dose of clindamycin with a 24-h protocol of clindamycin administration in local buccal onlay grafting procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study in 124 patients was performed. Eligible patients were randomized to receive antibiotic prophylaxis either as a single dose (group I) or over a 24-h period (group II). In both groups prophylaxis started with an oral dose of 600 mg clindamycin 1 h before surgery, followed by either placebo or 300 mg clindamycin every 6 h. The primary endpoint of this study was wound infection at the receptor site within 8 weeks after surgery. Secondary outcome measurements included postoperative infections at the donor site and adverse events as a result of antibiotic administration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age of the patients was 35.9+/-10.1 years (range 18-59 years). Infections at the receptor site were seen in two patients (3.2%, 95% CI 0-7.6%) of the single-dose group and in three patients (4.8%, 95% CI 0-10.1%) of the 24-h group. Infection at the donor site occurred in four patients (6.4%, 95% CI 0-12.5%) of the single-dose group and in two patients (3.2%, 95% CI 0-7.6%) of the 24-h group. Postoperative infections were predominantly caused by alpha-hemolytic streptococci sensitive to penicillin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No statistically significant difference was found between the prophylactic single dose of clindamycin and the 24-h regimen of clindamycin with regard to postoperative infection in patients undergoing local bone augmentation procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Academic Medical Center and Academic Center for Dentistry (ACTA), University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. j.a.lindeboom@amc.uva.nl
authors.forename: Jerome A H
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Lindeboom
authors.forename: Jacco G C
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Tuk
authors.forename: Frans H M
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Kroon
authors.forename: Hans P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: van den Akker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D019072:Antibiotic Prophylaxis; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D002981:Clindamycin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000382:microbiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002981:Clindamycin