title: Smoking status and mammography among women aged 50-75 in the 2002 behavioral risk factor surveillance system.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since the late 1980's, data show an association between smoking status and mammography. Women smokers reported 12-15% lower rates than non-smokers. This study investigated whether an association persists in a recent national-level database.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample was women aged 50-75 years from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 52,300). Analyses used two definitions of recent mammography, one based on a one-year interval between exams, the other on a two-year interval. Smoking was classified as current, former, or never. Other covariates included sociodemographic variables, health practices, insurance status and usual source of care.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The rate of mammography for current smokers was 16% lower than for never smokers for the past-year interval, and 14.0% lower for the two-year interval. Multiple logistic regression supported the smoking/mammography association. Other covariates associated with lower mammography on both dependent variables were recent Pap test, health insurance/usual source of care, recent dental visit, seat belt use, marital status and age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Reasons for the persistent association between smoking and mammography must be determined. These variables will inform interventions with women who smoke. A key question is whether to intervene on smoking directly or whether mediating variables are sufficient targets of intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Health, Center for Gerontology and Health Care Research, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. William_Rakowski@brown.edu
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Rakowski
authors.forename: Melissa A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Rachel
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Truchil
authors.forename: Karen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meersman
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D040343:Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008327:Mammography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016017:Odds Ratio; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D016387:Women's Health