title: Adjunctive risperidone in generalized anxiety disorder: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although significant advances have been made in recent years in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), many patients remain symptomatic despite ongoing treatment, underscoring the need for adjunctive new treatments to help improve response.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty patients with a primary diagnosis of DSM-IV GAD, who continued to experience GAD symptoms despite current anxiolytic treatment of at least 4 weeks' duration, as evidenced by Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) total score > or = 18 and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness scale score of moderate or greater, completed a 1-week screening phase and were then randomly assigned to 5 weeks of double-blind adjunctive treatment with placebo or risperidone at flexible doses of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/day. Patients continued to take their anxiolytics throughout the study. The study was conducted from June 2001 through March 2003.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Adjunctive risperidone was associated with statistically significant improvements in core anxiety symptoms, as demonstrated by greater reductions in HAM-A total scores (p = .034) and HAM-A psychic anxiety factor scores (p = .047) compared with placebo. Although change scores on other outcome variables, including response rates, were higher in the risperidone group, differences did not achieve statistical significance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Study findings suggest that risperidone at low doses may represent a useful tool in the management of symptomatic GAD patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. mintzero@musc.edu
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Brawman-Mintzer
authors.forename: Rebecca G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Nietert
mesh_terms: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D010919:Placebos; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D018967:Risperidone