title: Determination of 3-nitrotyrosine in human urine at the basal state by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluation of the excretion after oral intake.
abstract: 3-Nitrotyrosine (NO(2)Tyr) is a potential biomarker of reactive-nitrogen species (RNS) including peroxynitrite. 3-Nitrotyrosine occurs in human plasma in its free and protein-associated forms and is excreted in the urine. Measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine in human plasma is invasive and associated with numerous methodological problems. Recently, we have described an accurate method based on gas chromatography (GC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS) for circulating 3-nitrotyrosine. The present article describes the extension of this method to urinary 3-nitrotyrosine. The method involves separation of urinary 3-nitrotyrosine from nitrite, nitrate and l-tyrosine by HPLC, preparation of the n-propyl-pentafluoropropionyltrimethylsilyl ether derivatives of endogenous 3-nitrotyrosine and the internal standard 3-nitro-l-[(2)H(3)]tyrosine, and GC-tandem MS quantification in the selected-reaction monitoring mode under negative-ion chemical ionization conditions. In urine of ten apparently healthy volunteers (years of age, 36.5+/-7.2) 3-nitrotyrosine levels were determined to be 8.4+/-10.4 nM (range, 1.6-33.2 nM) or 0.46+/-0.49 nmol/mmol creatinine (range, 0.05-1.30 nmol/mmol creatinine). The present GC-tandem MS method provides accurate values of 3-nitrotyrosine in human urine at the basal state. After oral intake of 3-nitro-l-tyrosine by a healthy volunteer (27.6 microg/kg body weight) 3-nitro-l-tyrosine appeared rapidly in the urine and was excreted following a biphasic pharmacokinetic profile. Approximately one third of administered 3-nitro-l-tyrosine was excreted within the first 8 h. The suitability of the non-invasive measurement of urinary 3-nitrotyrosine as a method of assessment of oxidative stress in humans remains to be established.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany. tsikas.dimitrios@mh-hannover.de
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tsikas
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mitschke
authors.forename: Maria-Theresia
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Suchy
authors.forename: Frank-Mathias
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gutzki
authors.forename: Dirk O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Stichtenoth
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000652:urine; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005260:Female; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D026361:Reactive Nitrogen Species; C002744:3-nitrotyrosine; D014443:Tyrosine