Criteria and air-toxic emissions from in-use automobiles in the National Low-Emission Vehicle program.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented a program to identify tailpipe emissions of criteria and air-toxic contaminants from in-use, light-duty low-emission vehicles (LEVs). EPA recruited 25 LEVs in 2002 and measured emissions on a chassis dynamometer using the cold-start urban dynamometer driving schedule of the Federal Test Procedure. The emissions measured included regulated pollutants, particulate matter, speciated hydrocarbon compounds, and carbonyl compounds. The results provided a comparison of emissions from real-world LEVs with emission standards for criteria and air-toxic compounds. Emission measurements indicated that a portion of the in-use fleet tested exceeded standards for the criteria gases. Real-time regulated and speciated hydrocarbon measurements demonstrated that the majority of emissions occurred during the initial phases of the cold-start portion of the urban dynamometer driving schedule. Overall, the study provided updated emission factor data for real-world, in-use operation of LEVs for improved emissions modeling and mobile source inventory development.
Baldauf
Rich W
RW
Mobile Source Research Center, National Exposure Research Laboratory, US Environmental Protection Agency, NC 27711, USA. baldauf.richard@epa.gov
Gabele
Pete
P
Crews
William
W
Snow
Richard
R
Cook
J Rich
JR
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000592:standards; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D035082:Federal Government; D005742:Gasoline / Q000032:analysis; D006078:Government Programs; D018986:Motor Vehicles; D012621:Seasons; D014481:United States; D014484:United States Environmental Protection Agency; D001335:Vehicle Emissions / Q000032:analysis*
D000393:Air Pollutants; D005742:Gasoline; D001335:Vehicle Emissions