title: Ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes: Hidden roles of hydrogen and oxygen.
abstract: An oxygen-assisted hydrocarbon chemical vapor deposition method is developed to afford large-scale, highly reproducible, ultra-high-yield growth of vertical single-walled carbon nanotubes (V-SWNTs). It is revealed that reactive hydrogen species, inevitable in hydrocarbon-based growth, are damaging to the formation of sp(2)-like SWNTs in a diameter-dependent manner. The addition of oxygen scavenges H species and provides a powerful control over the C/H ratio to favor SWNT growth. The revelation of the roles played by hydrogen and oxygen leads to a unified and universal optimum-growth condition for SWNTs. Further, a versatile method is developed to form V-SWNT films on any substrate, lifting a major substrate-type limitation for aligned SWNTs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
authors.forename: Guangyu
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Javey
authors.forename: Yiming
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Erhan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yenilmez
authors.forename: Qian
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: James P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McVittie
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gibbons
authors.forename: Hongjie
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dai