title: Magnetic resonance tracking of dendritic cells in melanoma patients for monitoring of cellular therapy.
abstract: The success of cellular therapies will depend in part on accurate delivery of cells to target organs. In dendritic cell therapy, in particular, delivery and subsequent migration of cells to regional lymph nodes is essential for effective stimulation of the immune system. We show here that in vivo magnetic resonance tracking of magnetically labeled cells is feasible in humans for detecting very low numbers of dendritic cells in conjunction with detailed anatomical information. Autologous dendritic cells were labeled with a clinical superparamagnetic iron oxide formulation or (111)In-oxine and were co-injected intranodally in melanoma patients under ultrasound guidance. In contrast to scintigraphic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed assessment of the accuracy of dendritic cell delivery and of inter- and intra-nodal cell migration patterns. MRI cell tracking using iron oxides appears clinically safe and well suited to monitor cellular therapy in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center and Nijmegen Center for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein 28, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: I Jolanda M
authors.initials: IJ
authors.lastname: de Vries
authors.forename: W Joost
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Lesterhuis
authors.forename: Jelle O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Barentsz
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Verdijk
authors.forename: J Han
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Krieken
authors.forename: Otto C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Boerman
authors.forename: Wim J G
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Oyen
authors.forename: Johannes J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bonenkamp
authors.forename: Jan B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Boezeman
authors.forename: Gosse J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Adema
authors.forename: Jeff W M
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Bulte
authors.forename: Tom W J
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Scheenen
authors.forename: Cornelis J A
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Punt
authors.forename: Arend
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heerschap
authors.forename: Carl G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Figdor
mesh_terms: D002465:Cell Movement; D002469:Cell Separation; D017690:Cell Transplantation / Q000379:methods*; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000637:transplantation*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000628:therapy*; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D005290:Ferric Compounds; D007205:Indium Radioisotopes; C000499:ferric oxide