title: Determination of multiclass pesticides in food commodities by pressurized liquid extraction using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS.
abstract: Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was applied to the simultaneous extraction of a wide range of pesticides from food commodities. Extractions were performed by mixing 4 g of sample with 4 g of Hydromatrix and (after optimization) a mixture of ethyl acetate:acetone (3:1, v/v) as extraction solvent, a temperature of 100 degrees C, a pressure of 1000 psi and a static extraction time of 5 min. After extraction, the more polar compounds were analyzed by liquid chromatography (LC), and the apolar and semipolar pesticides by gas chromatography (GC); in both cases LC and GC were coupled with mass spectrometry in tandem (MS/MS) mode. The overall method (including the PLE step) was validated in GC and LC according to the criteria of the SANCO Document of the European Commission. The average extraction recoveries (at two concentration levels) for most of the analytes were in the range 70-80%, with precision values usually lower than 15%. Limits of quantification (LOQ) were low enough to determine the pesticide residues at concentrations below or equal to the maximum residue levels (MRL) specified by legislation. In order to assess its applicability to the analysis of real samples, aliquots of 15 vegetable samples were processed using a conventional extraction method with dichloromethane, and the results obtained were compared with the proposed PLE method; differences lower than 0.01 mg kg(-1) were found.
authors.affiliation: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, 04071, Almería, Spain. agarrido@ual.es
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garrido Frenich
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martínez Salvador
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martínez Vidal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: López-López
mesh_terms: D000085:Acetates / Q000737:chemistry; D000096:Acetone / Q000737:chemistry; D002138:Calibration; D005504:Food Analysis; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D010573:Pesticide Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012997:Solvents / Q000737:chemistry; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000085:Acetates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; C007650:ethyl acetate