title: How ADAM-9 and ADAM-11 differentially from estrogen receptor predict response to tamoxifen treatment in patients with recurrent breast cancer: a retrospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the predictive value of the disintegrin and metalloproteinases, ADAM-9, ADAM-10, ADAM-11, and ADAM-12, and of the matrix metalloproteinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9, in patients with recurrent breast cancer treated with tamoxifen.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study was done on 259 frozen specimens of estrogen receptor-positive primary breast carcinomas from patients who developed recurrent disease and were treated with tamoxifen as the first line of therapy. The expression levels of the biological factors were assessed by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Using log-transformed continuous variables, increasing levels of ADAM-9 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.41; P = 0.015] and decreasing levels of MMP-9 (OR, 0.81; P = 0.035) predicted favorable disease control independent from the traditional predictive factors. Furthermore, when tumors were dichotomized at the median level of 70% tumor cell nuclei, our univariate analysis showed particularly strong results for the group of 153 patients with primary tumors containing 30% or more stromal cells. Although estrogen receptor levels lost their predictive power for this group of patients, high levels of ADAM-9 (OR, 1.59; P = 0.007) and ADAM-11 (OR, 1.65; P = 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher efficacy of tamoxifen therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that especially for primary tumors containing stromal elements, the assessment of mRNA expression levels of ADAM-9 and ADAM-11 could be useful to identify patients with recurrent breast cancer who are likely to benefit or fail from tamoxifen therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. a.sieuwerts@erasmusmc.nl
authors.forename: Anieta M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Sieuwerts
authors.forename: Marion E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Meijer-van Gelder
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Timmermans
authors.forename: Anita M A C
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Trapman
authors.forename: Roberto Rodriguez
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: Miranda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: Anneke J W
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Goedheer
authors.forename: Henk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Portengen
authors.forename: Jan G M
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Klijn
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Foekens
mesh_terms: D051722:ADAM Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013629:Tamoxifen / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D013629:Tamoxifen; D051722:ADAM Proteins; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9