title: Physical discipline and children's adjustment: cultural normativeness as a moderator.
abstract: Interviews were conducted with 336 mother-child dyads (children's ages ranged from 6 to 17 years; mothers' ages ranged from 20 to 59 years) in China, India, Italy, Kenya, the Philippines, and Thailand to examine whether normativeness of physical discipline moderates the link between mothers' use of physical discipline and children's adjustment. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that physical discipline was less strongly associated with adverse child outcomes in conditions of greater perceived normativeness, but physical discipline was also associated with more adverse outcomes regardless of its perceived normativeness. Countries with the lowest use of physical discipline showed the strongest association between mothers' use and children's behavior problems, but in all countries higher use of physical discipline was associated with more aggression and anxiety.
authors.affiliation: Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0545, USA. landsford@duke.edu
authors.forename: Jennifer E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Lansford
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Kenneth A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Dodge
authors.forename: Patrick S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Malone
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Oburu
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Palmérus
authors.forename: Dario
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bacchini
authors.forename: Concetta
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pastorelli
authors.forename: Anna Silvia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Bombi
authors.forename: Arnaldo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zelli
authors.forename: Sombat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tapanya
authors.forename: Nandita
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chaudhary
authors.forename: Kirby
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Deater-Deckard
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Manke
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D001007:Anxiety / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D002653:Child Behavior Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003469:Culture; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009034:Mother-Child Relations; D011678:Punishment; D012917:Social Adjustment; D012926:Social Control, Formal