title: Mixed-disulfide folding intermediates between thyroglobulin and endoplasmic reticulum resident oxidoreductases ERp57 and protein disulfide isomerase.
abstract: We present the first identification of transient folding intermediates of endogenous thyroglobulin (Tg; a large homodimeric secretory glycoprotein of thyrocytes), which include mixed disulfides with endogenous oxidoreductases servicing Tg folding needs. Formation of disulfide-linked Tg adducts with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) oxidoreductases begins cotranslationally. Inhibition of ER glucosidase activity blocked formation of a subgroup of Tg adducts containing ERp57 while causing increased Tg adduct formation with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), delayed adduct resolution, perturbed oxidative folding of Tg monomers, impaired Tg dimerization, increased Tg association with BiP/GRP78 and GRP94, activation of the unfolded protein response, increased ER-associated degradation of a subpopulation of Tg, partial Tg escape from ER quality control with increased secretion of free monomers, and decreased overall Tg secretion. These data point towards mixed disulfides with the ERp57 oxidoreductase in conjunction with calreticulin/calnexin chaperones acting as normal early Tg folding intermediates that can be "substituted" by PDI adducts only at the expense of lower folding efficiency with resultant ER stress.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Patologia Generale, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Facoltà di Scienze MFN, Università degli Studi di Lecce, Centro Ecotekne, Lecce, Italy.
authors.forename: Bruno
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Di Jeso
authors.forename: Young-Nam
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Park
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ulianich
authors.forename: A Sonia
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Treglia
authors.forename: Malene L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Urbanas
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: High
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Arvan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D037281:Calnexin / Q000737:chemistry; D037282:Calreticulin / Q000737:chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000378:metabolism; D019281:Dimerization; D004220:Disulfides / Q000737:chemistry; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004721:Endoplasmic Reticulum / Q000378:metabolism*; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases / Q000502:physiology*; D017510:Protein Folding; D051381:Rats; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000737:chemistry*; D013997:Time Factors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP
chemical_list: D037281:Calnexin; D037282:Calreticulin; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004220:Disulfides; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D019704:Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; D013954:Thyroglobulin; C051684:GRP78 protein, rat; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; C018551:glucose-regulated proteins; C513196:PDIA3 protein, rat