title: Sequential-injection determination of traces of disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulphonate in urine from users of sunscreens by on-line solid-phase extraction coupled with a fluorimetric detector.
abstract: A sensitive and selective method to determine disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulphonate (PDT) in the urine of sunscreen users, which is suitable for studies on body accumulation/excretion is proposed. On-line solid-phase extraction allows the analyte to be retained and subsequentely eluted, using a strong anion exchange (SAX) microcolumn. Standard addition calibration was carried out with only one standard. The wavelengths of excitation and emission were 330 and 454 nm, respectively. The method allows PDT to be determined in both, spiked and unspiked human urine samples, without any pre-treatment. Results obtained for spiked urine samples (40-200 ng ml(-1)) showed the accuracy of the method. The mean relative standard deviations (R.S.D.) of the results was 7%. Five volunteers applied a sunscreen lotion containing 5% PDT and their urinary excretion was controlled from the moment of application until the excreted amounts were no longer detectable. The sensitivity of the proposed method is in the order of 1900 ml microg(-1) and the detection limit (3S(y/x)/b) is in the order of 5 ng of PDT, which means 10 ng ml(-1) for a 500 microl injected volume, and this is suitable for the PDT levels found in the urine.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Química Analítica, Universitat de València, 50 Doctor Moliner St., 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Balaguer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chisvert
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salvador
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D017022:Flow Injection Analysis / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012869:Skin Absorption; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013473:Sunscreening Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D001562:Benzimidazoles; D013473:Sunscreening Agents; C503615:disodium phenyl dibenzimidazole tetrasulfonate