title: Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing glyoxalase enzymes resist an increase in methylglyoxal and maintain higher reduced glutathione levels under salinity stress.
abstract: The mechanism behind enhanced salt tolerance conferred by the overexpression of glyoxalase pathway enzymes was studied in transgenic vis-à-vis wild-type (WT) plants. We have recently documented that salinity stress induces higher level accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG), a potent cytotoxin and primary substrate for glyoxalase pathway, in various plant species [Yadav, S.K., Singla-Pareek, S.L., Ray, M., Reddy, M.K. and Sopory, S.K. (2005) MG levels in plants under salinity stress are dependent on glyoxalase I and glutathione. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 337, 61-67]. The transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing glyoxalase pathway enzymes, resist an increase in the level of MG that increased to over 70% in WT plants under salinity stress. These plants showed enhanced basal activity of various glutathione related antioxidative enzymes that increased further upon salinity stress. These plants suffered minimal salinity stress induced oxidative damage measured in terms of the lipid peroxidation. The reduced glutathione (GSH) content was high in these transgenic plants and also maintained a higher reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH:GSSG) ratio under salinity. Manipulation of glutathione ratio by exogenous application of GSSG retarded the growth of non-transgenic plants whereas transgenic plants sustained their growth. These results suggest that resisting an increase in MG together with maintaining higher reduced glutathione levels can be efficiently achieved by the overexpression of glyoxalase pathway enzymes towards developing salinity stress tolerant plants.
authors.affiliation: Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India.
authors.forename: Sudesh Kumar
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Yadav
authors.forename: Sneh L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Singla-Pareek
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sopory
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation; D009997:Osmotic Pressure; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified / Q000187:drug effects; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde / Q000633:toxicity*; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D000099301:Hydroxyacylglutathione Hydrolase
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005978:Glutathione; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase; D011765:Pyruvaldehyde; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013869:Thiolester Hydrolases; D000099301:Hydroxyacylglutathione Hydrolase