title: Study of the role of functional variants of SLC22A4, RUNX1 and SUMO4 in systemic lupus erythematosus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional polymorphisms of the solute carrier family 22, member 4 (SLC22A4), runt related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) and small ubiquitin-like modifier 4 (SUMO4) genes have been shown to be associated with several autoimmune diseases.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To test the possible role of these variants in susceptibility to or severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), on the basis that common genetic bases are shared by autoimmune disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  597 SLE patients and 987 healthy controls of white Spanish origin were studied. Two additional cohorts of 228 SLE patients from Sweden and 122 SLE patients from Colombia were included. A case-control association study was carried out with six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) spanning the SLC22A4 gene, one SNP in RUNX1 gene, and one additional SNP in SUM04 gene.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No significant differences were observed between SLE patients and healthy controls when comparing the distribution of the genotypes or alleles of any of the SLC22A4, RUNX1, or SUMO4 polymorphisms tested. Significant differences were found in the distribution of the SUMO4 genotypes and alleles among SLE patients with and without nephritis, but after multiple testing correction, the significance of the association was lost. The association of SUMO4 with nephritis could not be verified in two independent SLE cohorts from Sweden and Colombia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the SLC22A4, RUNX1, and SUMO4 polymorphisms analysed do not play a role in the susceptibility to or severity of SLE.
authors.affiliation: Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina, CSIC, Granada, Spain.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Orozco
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sánchez
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: González-Gay
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: López-Nevot
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Torres
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ortego-Centeno
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Alonso
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Ramón
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez Román
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Anaya
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sturfelt
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gunnarsson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svennungsson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alarcón-Riquelme
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: González-Escribano
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016017:Odds Ratio; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D027981:Symporters
chemical_list: D050676:Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit; D027701:Organic Cation Transport Proteins; C493728:RUNX1 protein, human; C109807:SLC22A4 protein, human; C489647:SUMO4 protein, human; D025841:Small Ubiquitin-Related Modifier Proteins; D027981:Symporters