Alcohol use by men is a risk factor for the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections and human immunodeficiency virus from female sex workers in Mumbai, India.
OBJECTIVE
We investigated whether men who were under the influence of alcohol when visiting female sex workers (FSW) were at greater risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).


METHODS
A cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from a randomized controlled trial of an HIV prevention intervention for high-risk men in Mumbai, India.


RESULTS
The overall HIV prevalence among 1741 men sampled was 14%; 64% had either a confirmed STI or HIV; 92% reported sex with an FSW, of whom 66% reported having sex while under the influence of alcohol (SUI). SUI was associated with unprotected sex (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3-4.1), anal sex (OR: 1.5; 1.1-2.0), and more than10 FSW partners (OR: 2.2; 1.8-2.7). SUI was independently associated with having either an STI or HIV (OR: 1.5; 1.2-1.9).


CONCLUSIONS
Men who drink alcohol when visiting FSWs engage in riskier behavior and are more likely to have HIV and STIs. Prevention programs in India need to raise awareness of this relationship.
Madhivanan
Purnima
P
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7360, USA. mpurnima@berkeley.edu
Hernandez
Alexandra
A
Gogate
Alka
A
Stein
Ellen
E
Gregorich
Steven
S
Setia
Maninder
M
Kumta
Sameer
S
Ekstrand
Maria
M
Mathur
Meenakshi
M
Jerajani
Hema
H
Lindan
Christina P
CP
D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D011477:Sex Work; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*