title: Disturbance of circadian gene expression in endometrial cancer: detection by real-time quantitative RT-PCR.
abstract: Circadian genes control the daily changes of the circadian rhythms in a variety of physiological processes, which in turn regulate many functions in the human body. Disruption of circadian rhythms can have a profound influence on our well-being. We established a set of PCR primers and fluorescent probes to analyze the mRNA levels of nine different circadian genes, and used immunohistochemical methods to study four important circadian proteins in 35 endometrial cancers and their paired non-cancerous tissues. Of these, 13 cases showed reduced expression in all nine circadian genes in the cancerous tissues relative to the paired non-cancerous tissues; the remaining cases showed similar reduced expression in 4-8 of the genes analyzed. Conversely, 3 non-cancerous tissues showed reduced expression in all nine circadian genes in comparison with their respective adjacent cancerous tissues, whereas 6 other non-cancerous tissues showed reduced expression in 6-8 of the circadian genes. These results were also confirmed by immunohistochemical study. Expression of the circadian genes is perturbed in endometrial cancer. Based on these results, we suggest that different circadian rhythms occur in endometrial cancer and non-cancerous tissues. Our results may provide the molecular basis for chronotherapy of endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yuh Der Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Chang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Kong-Bung
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Choo
authors.forename: Tien-Jye
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Ming-Yu
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Mu-Chin
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Shih
authors.forename: Kun-Tu
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Ta-Chih
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shung-Feng
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Jan-Gowth
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002940:Circadian Rhythm / Q000235:genetics*; D016889:Endometrial Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008875:Middle Aged; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; C539022:PER1 protein, human; C421902:PER2 protein, human; C512644:PER3 protein, human; C539023:Per1 protein, mouse; C512645:Per3 protein, mouse; D056950:Period Circadian Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D014157:Transcription Factors