title: Leanness and type 2 diabetes in a population of indigenous Australians.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and its risk factors in a population of indigenous Australians.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of 332 indigenous community residents aged 15 years and over with fasting blood samples and anthropometric measurements.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half of the study population (47.3%) was extremely lean (BMI<22 kg/m(2)). Leanness was particularly pronounced in the youngest age group (15<20 years), 78% of which had a BMI<22 kg/m(2). The prevalence of diabetes was 12%. It was highest in those 45-54 years and declined in older aged people. No cases of diabetes were detected in those aged less than 30 years. Diabetes prevalence was strongly linked to BMI and age (age-adjusted odds ratio=24.1, 95% CI 6.0-96.5, p<0.001) for BMI>or=25 kg/m(2) versus BMI<22 kg/m(2). Those with the lowest diabetes risk profile are lean (BMI<22 kg/m(2)) and/or young (age 15-34 years).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results highlight that strategies to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes should focus on the maintenance of leanness from adolescence and throughout adult life whilst young people are still in the process of forming lifelong habits.
authors.affiliation: Menzies School of Health Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, P.O. Box 41096, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia.
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brimblecombe
authors.forename: Dorothy
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mackerras
authors.forename: Joanne
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Garnggulkpuy
authors.forename: Elaine
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Maypilama
authors.forename: Leanne
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bundhala
authors.forename: Rrapa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Dhurrkay
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fitz
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Maple-Brown
authors.forename: Tomer
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shemesh
authors.forename: Kevin G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Rowley
authors.forename: Kerin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: O'Dea
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001315:Australia / Q000453:epidemiology; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology; D016017:Odds Ratio; D050177:Overweight; D010139:Pacific Islands / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D013851:Thinness / Q000453:epidemiology*