title: A simple extension to the Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RAQol) to explore individual patient concerns and monitor group outcome in clinical practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find out if the RAQol, if extended by a qualifying question on the level of concern associated with each item, can function both as a group outcome measure and as a useful tool to identify the concerns of individual patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients completed the questionnaire before and after starting a biological therapy. One hundred and forty-five others receiving routine care completed it at baseline, weeks 12 and 13 with EuroQol VAS and questions on global arthritis impact and any other concerns. Reproducibility was assessed in all 59 participants whose condition remained stable between weeks 12 and 13.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The RAQol score was highly reproducible (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.986, n=59), reflected global RA impact (P = 0.000, n=140), negatively correlated with EuroQol VAS (Spearman coefficient=-0.639, two-tailed significance=0.000, n=142), responsive to biological therapy (two-tailed P= 0.000) and to increased global RA impact over 12 weeks (two-tailed P=0.012, n=37), and had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.94, n=143). The number of issues of great concern and their percentage contribution to the RAQol score were related to global arthritis impact (P=0.000 for both) and reduced by a biological therapy (two-tailed P=0.000 and 0.001 respectively). The mean kappa for consistency in identifying each item as a concern was 0.801 (range 0.633-0.921).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Use of the 'extended' RAQol in clinical practice could provide a valid and sensitive score for monitoring group outcome and a comprehensive and consistent list of an individual's main issues of concern to assist assessment of needs in routine clinical practice.
authors.affiliation: The Academic Rheumatology and Osteoporosis Unit, Whipps Cross University Hospital NHS Trust, Leytonstone, London E11 1NR, UK. Mandy.Greenwood@whippsx.nhs.uk
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Hakim
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Doyle
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology*; D000068800:Etanercept; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000069285:Infliximab; D008875:Middle Aged; D011788:Quality of Life; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D000069285:Infliximab; D000068800:Etanercept