title: Interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells may have a direct role in the control of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigote and macrophage infection.
abstract: To study the role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in Leishmania infection, peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis promastigotes and incubated with interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated NK (A-NK) cells at different ratios of A-NK cells to infected macrophages (5:1, 1:1, 0.2:1). The A-NK cells were added either together with the parasites (0-h group) or 24 h later (24-h group). Morphological studies of the cultures revealed predominance of parasitic debris within macrophages that were in close contact with A-NK cells and the decrease in parasite recovery was directly proportional to the A-NK cell concentration used. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-12 were detected in the supernatant at levels proportional to the A-NK cell concentration used. No significant difference was observed between the groups with respect to NO levels in the culture supernatant. When A-NK cells were added directly to the L. (L.) amazonensis promastigote cultures, the parasite recovery decreased proportional to the number of A-NK cells added. In vivo studies demonstrated smaller lesion sizes in animals inoculated with both parasites and A-NK cells compared with parasites alone. Histopathology of the skin lesions from animals receiving A-NK cells together with the parasites showed moderate parasitism and a nodular inflammatory infiltrate formed by mononuclear cells and a few vacuolized macrophages. In contrast, animals inoculated only with the parasites showed a highly parasitized dermis with infiltration of intensely vacuolized macrophages. These results demonstrate the role of A-NK cells in parasite lysis and in resistance of macrophages to L. (L.) amazonensis in the early phase of infection.
authors.affiliation: Infectious Diseases Laboratory (LIM-50), Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School, Brazil.
authors.forename: F C S
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Aranha
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Ribeiro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Basse
authors.forename: C E P
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Laurenti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000502:physiology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D007891:Leishmania / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology*; D017737:Macrophages, Peritoneal / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000469:parasitology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D009573:Nitrites; D018664:Interleukin-12; D007371:Interferon-gamma