title: Compost-based permeable reactive barriers for the source treatment of arsenic contaminations in aquifers: column studies and solid-phase investigations.
abstract: The bulk of arsenic (As) at contaminated sites is frequently associated with iron (hydr)oxides. Various studies ascribe increasing dissolved As concentrations to the transformation of iron (hydr)oxides into iron sulfides, which is initiated by dissolved sulfide. We investigated whetherthis processes can be utilized as a source treatment approach using compost-based permeable reactive barriers (PRB), which promote microbial sulfate reduction. Arsenic-bearing aquifer sedimentfrom a contaminated industrial site showed a decrease in As content of <10% after 420 days of percolation with sulfide-free artificial groundwater. In contrast, water that had previously passed through organic matter and exhibited sulfide concentrations of 10-30 mg/L decreased As content in the sediment by 87% within 360 days. X-ray diffraction showed no arsenic sulfides, but XANES spectra (X-ray absorption near edge structure) and associated linear combinations revealed that adsorbed arsenate of the original sediment was in part reduced to arsenite and indicated the formation of minor amounts of a substance that contains As and sulfur. The speciation of dissolved As changed from initially As(V)-dominated to As(III)-dominated after sulfide flushing was started, which increases the mobility of As. Because sulfide can be supplied not only by compost-based PRBs but also by direct injection, sulfide flushing has a wide range of application for the source treatment of arsenic.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Geosciences, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Ohlshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany. rkoeber@gpi.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: Ralf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Köber
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Daus
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mattusch
authors.forename: Edmund
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dahmke
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D004787:Environmental Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005290:Ferric Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D012987:Soil / Q000032:analysis*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis / Q000379:methods; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D014872:Water Movements; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D004785:Environmental Pollutants; D005290:Ferric Compounds; D012987:Soil; D013440:Sulfides; C021024:ferric hydroxide; D001151:Arsenic