title: Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (EGb 761) enhances catalepsy induced by haloperidol and L-nitroarginine in mice.
abstract: Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 has been reported to have therapeutic effects which have been attributed to anti-oxidant and free radical-scavenging activities, including a direct action on nitric oxide production. L G-nitro-arginine (L-NOARG), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, and haloperidol, a drug that blocks dopamine receptors, are both known to induce catalepsy in rodents. Nitric oxide has been shown to influence dopaminergic transmission in the striatum. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the extract obtained from leaves of Ginkgo biloba tree EGb 761 on catalepsy induced by haloperidol or by L-NOARG. Albino Swiss mice (35-45 g, N = 8-12) received by gavage a single or repeated oral dose (twice a day for 4 days) of EGb 761 followed by ip injection of haloperidol or L-NOARG. After the treatments, the animals were submitted to behavioral evaluation using the catalepsy test. Acute treatment with 80 mg/kg EGb did not modify the catalepsy induced by L-NOARG but, the dose of 40 mg/kg significantly enhanced haloperidol-induced catalepsy measured at the 10th min of the test. After repeated treatment with 80 mg/kg EGb 761, a significant increase in the cataleptic effect produced by both haloperidol and L-NOARG was observed. These data show that repeated EGb 761 administration increases the effects of drugs that modify motor behavior in mice. Since the catalepsy test has predictive value regarding extrapyramidal effects, the possibility of pharmacological interactions between haloperidol and Ginkgo biloba extracts should be further investigated in clinical studies.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia e Farmacologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fontana
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Souza
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Del Bel
authors.forename: R M W de
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000139:chemically induced*; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D006220:Haloperidol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019335:Nitroarginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract
chemical_list: D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006220:Haloperidol; D019335:Nitroarginine; D010936:Plant Extracts; C063170:Ginkgo biloba extract; D000096983:Ginkgo Extract