title: Impact of capsule endoscopy in obscure small-bowel bleeding: defining strict diagnostic criteria for a favorable outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The most frequent indication for capsule endoscopy is to diagnose the cause of obscure GI bleeding. The objective of the study was to determine the impact of capsule endoscopy on the outcome of patients with GI bleeding of obscure origin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six patients (53 men, 43 women; mean [standard deviation] age, 60.84 years [16.55 years]) were enrolled in the study. All patients have been subjected to gastroscopy, colonoscopy, small-bowel barium follow-through or enteroclysis, and push enteroscopy; no bleeding site had been identified. Capsule endoscopy was performed with the Given M2A video capsule system. By using strict criteria, studies were classified as having positive findings, findings of uncertain significance, and no findings. Outcome was defined as continued or complete resolution of bleeding.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Positive findings, findings of uncertain significance, and no findings were identified in 41.7%, 20.8%, and 37.5% of our study population, respectively. The most common lesions seen were angiodysplasias of the small intestine. Therapeutic intervention was possible in 82.5% of patients with positive findings and in 35.0% of patients with findings of uncertain significance. Complete resolution of bleeding, after a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 14 months (9-17 months), occurred significantly more often in patients with positive findings (68.4%) compared with patients with findings of uncertain significance and no findings (40.8%, p = 0.009).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Capsule endoscopy increases the diagnostic yield in the workup of patients with obscure small-bowel bleeding. Strictly defined positive findings are associated with a favorable outcome.
authors.affiliation: 2nd Department of Gastroenterology, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Nikos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Viazis
authors.forename: Kostis
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Papaxoinis
authors.forename: Ioannis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Theodoropoulos
authors.forename: Spiros
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sgouros
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vlachogiannakos
authors.forename: Prokopis
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pipis
authors.forename: Costas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Markoglou
authors.forename: Alec
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Avgerinos
mesh_terms: D020776:Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007421:Intestine, Small; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation