title: Common movement disorders affecting the larynx: a report from the neurolaryngology committee of the AAO-HNS.
abstract: Laryngeal physiology depends on dynamic neuromuscular forces acting on a basic framework of cartilage and specialized soft tissues, that is, the vocal folds. A working understanding of this organ in health and disease requires knowledge of specific neurological processes that may affect voice, swallowing, and airway regulation. Neuromuscular impairment continues to be a dominant topic in the study of laryngeal disorders. This subcommittee presentation reviews important aspects of the neurolaryngeal history and physical examination. After this foundation, 4 common movement disorders affecting the larynx are covered in separate subsections. These are stroke, Parkinson's disease, laryngeal tremor, and spasmodic dysphonia. State-of-the-art reviews reflecting our understanding of these clinical issues are presented in this summary.
authors.affiliation: Division of Laryngology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA. amerati@mcw.edu
authors.forename: Albert L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Merati
authors.forename: Yolanda D
authors.initials: YD
authors.lastname: Heman-Ackah
authors.forename: Mona
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abaza
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Altman
authors.forename: Lucian
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sulica
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Belamowicz
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D014826:Vocal Cord Paralysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D014827:Vocal Cords / Q000294:innervation* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*