title: Hyperstimulation and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist modulate ovarian vascular permeability by altering expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5.
abstract: We investigated the mechanism by which a GnRH agonist (GnRHa) affects ovarian vascularity, vascular permeability, and expression of the tight junction protein claudin-5 in a rat model of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Hyperstimulated rats received excessive doses of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG; 50 IU/d) for 4 consecutive days, from d 25 to 28 of life, followed by 25 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on d 29. Control rats received 10 IU PMSG on d 27 of life, followed by 10 IU hCG on d 29. GnRHa (leuprolide 100 microg/kg.d) was administered to some hyperstimulated rats either on d 29 and 30 (short-term GnRHa treatment) or from d 25 to 30 (long-term GnRHa treatment). Ovarian vascular density (vessels per 10 mm(2)) and vessel endothelial area (percent) were assessed by immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of von Willebrand factor, whereas vascular permeability was evaluated based on leakage of Evans blue. High doses of PMSG and hCG significantly increased ovarian weight, vascular permeability, vascular density, and the vessel endothelial area and significantly reduced expression of claudin-5 protein and mRNA. All of these effects were significantly and dose-dependently inhibited by administration of GnRHa. This suggests that reduced expression of claudin-5 plays a crucial role in the increased ovarian vascular permeability seen in OHSS and that its expression can be modulated by GnRHa treatment. Indeed, preventing redistribution of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells and the resultant loss of endothelial barrier architecture might be the key to protecting patients against massive extravascular fluid accumulation in cases of OHSS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimitsu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: Kunihiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Kengo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Manase
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honnma
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Takuhiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chiba
authors.forename: Norimasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: Tsuyoshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D002199:Capillary Permeability / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D062507:Claudin-5; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D015536:Down-Regulation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000819:agonists*; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D016729:Leuprolide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D016471:Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010053:Ovary / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D062507:Claudin-5; C491510:Cldn5 protein, rat; D005300:Fertility Agents, Female; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D016729:Leuprolide