title: The stretch-activated potassium channel TREK-1 in rat cardiac ventricular muscle.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The biophysical properties and the regulation of the two-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 were studied in rat cardiomyocytes.
  
  
  METHODS
  RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and patch-clamp recording were performed in isolated rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. In some whole-cell-clamp experiments the myocytes were mechanically stretched using a glass stylus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found strong expression of a splice variant of TREK-1 in rat heart. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies against TREK-1 showed localization of the channel in longitudinal stripes at the external surface membrane of cardiomyocytes. When the cardiomyocytes were mechanically stretched, an outwardly rectifying K+ current component could be detected in whole-cell recordings. In single-channel recordings with symmetrical high K+ solution, two TREK-like channels with 'flickery-burst' kinetics were found: a 'large conductance' K+ channel (132+/-5 pS at positive potentials) and a novel 'low-conductance' channel (41+/-5 pS at positive potentials). The low-conductance channel could be activated by negative pressure in inside-out patches, positive pressure in outside-out patches, intracellular acidification and application of arachidonic acid. Its open probability was strongly increased by depolarization, due to decreased duration of gaps between bursts. The biophysical properties of the two cardiac TREK-like channels were similar to those of TREK-1 channels expressed in HEK293 cells, which both displayed low- and high-conductance modes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the two TREK-like channels found in rat cardiomyocytes may reflect two different operating modes of TREK-1. The novel low-conductance channels described here may represent the major operating mode of TREK-1. The current flowing through mechanogated TREK-1 channels may serve to counterbalance the inward current flowing through stretch-activated non-selective cation channels during the filling phase of the cardiac cycle and thus to prevent the occurrence of ventricular extrasystoles.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Physiologie, Universität Marburg, Deutschhausstr. 2, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
authors.lastname: Xian Tao Li
authors.forename: Vitaly
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dyachenko
authors.forename: Marylou
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zuzarte
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Putzke
authors.forename: Regina
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Preisig-Müller
authors.forename: Gerrit
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Isenberg
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Daut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D018408:Patch-Clamp Techniques; D024683:Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D020033:Protein Isoforms / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D051381:Rats; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
chemical_list: D024683:Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C103742:potassium channel protein TREK-1; D016718:Arachidonic Acid