title: Long-term follow-up of patients of intrahepatic malignancies treated with iodine-125 brachytherapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated the role of intraoperative iodine-125 (125I) brachytherapy as a treatment option for unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1989 and 2002, 64 patients with unresectable or residual disease after surgical resection for intrahepatic malignancies underwent 160-Gy permanent 125I brachytherapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median length of follow-up was 13.2 years. The overall 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year actuarial intrahepatic local control rates were 44%, 22%, and 22%, respectively, with a median time to liver recurrence of 9 months (95% CI, 6-12 months). The 5-year actuarial intrahepatic control was higher for patients with solitary metastasis (38%) than for those with multiple metastases (6%, p = 0.04). The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year actuarial overall survival rates were 73%, 23%, and 5%, respectively (median, 20 months; 95% CI, 16-24; longest survival, 7.5 years). Overall survival was higher for patients with smaller-volume implants (p = 0.003) and for patients without prior liver resection (p = 0.002). No mortality occurred. Radiation-related complications were minimal.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For select patients with unresectable primary and metastatic liver tumors for whom curative surgical resection is not an option, 125I brachytherapy is a safe and effective alternative to other locally ablative techniques and can provide long-term local control and increased survival.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. nag.1@osu.edu
authors.forename: Subir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nag
authors.forename: Megan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: DeHaan
authors.forename: Granger
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Scruggs
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Edward W
authors.initials: EW
authors.lastname: Martin
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000401:mortality; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes