title: Lack of efficacy of the substance p (neurokinin1 receptor) antagonist aprepitant in the treatment of major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An early clinical trial suggested that the substance P (neurokinin(1) receptor) antagonist, aprepitant, might provide a unique mechanism of antidepressant activity. Phase III trials were conducted to confirm these findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five 8-week, randomized, double-blind, parallel-groups, placebo-controlled, multicenter trials in outpatients with Major Depressive Disorder were performed. Aprepitant 160 mg and placebo were included in all trials. Aprepitant 80 mg and paroxetine 20 mg (active comparator) were included in three trials. Approximately 150 patients were enrolled per treatment group in each trial. The primary end point was the mean change-from-baseline of the first 17 items of the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D(17)) score at 8 weeks. A positron emission tomography (PET) study was also performed in normal subjects to determine the relationship between neurokinin(1) receptor occupancy and aprepitant plasma concentrations in dosing regimens relevant to the trials.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistically significant differences from placebo on the HAM-D(17) were observed at week 8 for either dose of aprepitant in any of the trials, whereas paroxetine 20 mg was significantly (p <or= .05) more effective than placebo at week 8 in each of the three trials in which it was included. Results from the PET study indicated that the aprepitant dosing regimens provided continuously high levels of neurokinin(1) receptor blockade over 8 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the methodology employed confirmed the antidepressant efficacy of paroxetine, the absence of an effect for aprepitant indicates that it was not an effective treatment for depression. The concept of neurokinin(1) receptor antagonism as an antidepressant mechanism was not supported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Montgomery
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morrison
authors.forename: Duane
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Snavely
authors.forename: Guanghan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hargreaves
authors.forename: Jarmo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hietala
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lines
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Beebe
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Reines
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077608:Aprepitant; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009025:Morpholines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D010555:Personality Inventory; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013373:Substance P / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D009025:Morpholines; D064729:Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists; D000077608:Aprepitant; D013373:Substance P