Laughter therapy modulates the parameters of renin-angiotensin system in patients with type 2 diabetes.
The effect of laughter therapy on the plasma levels of renin, angiotensinogen, and prorenin was investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the diabetic patients, the mean plasma renin concentrations were 24.6+/-12.1 ng/ml/h in the first observation (at the beginning of laughter therapy), 8.2+/-3.4 ng/ml/h in the second observation (three months after the beginning of laughter therapy) and 7.7+/-1.7 ng/ml/h in the third observation (six months after the beginning of laughter therapy). The mean plasma angiotensinogen concentrations in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd observations were 0.19+/-0.08, 0.47+/-0.12, 0.42+/-0.14 microg/ml, respectively. The mean plasma prorenin concentrations in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd observations during the laughter therapy were 195.1+/-66.2, 193.4+/-88.2 and 170.7+/-52.5 pg/ml, respectively. Plasma renin concentrations were significantly decreased (p<0.05) by the therapy. Subnormal concentrations of plasma angiotensinogen were found in the 1st observation and increased significantly (p<0.05) to the normal range after the therapy. Plasma prorenin concentration only slightly changed during the laughter therapy. Other biochemical parameters remained unchanged during the laughter therapy. These results indicated that a long-term laughter therapy changed the plasma components of renin-angiotensin system in patients with diabetes. Thus, laughter therapy can be used as non-pharmacological treatment for the prevention of diabetic microvascular complications.
Nasir
Uddin Mohammad
UM
Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan.
Iwanaga
Shizuko
S
Nabi
A H M Nurun
AH
Urayama
Osamu
O
Hayashi
Keiko
K
Hayashi
Takashi
T
Kawai
Koichi
K
Sultana
Afroza
A
Murakami
Kazuo
K
Suzuki
Fumiaki
F
D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000097:blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D027641:Laughter Therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology*
D000808:Angiotensinogen; D012083:Renin