title: Feasibility and early results of interstitial intensity-modulated HDR/PDR brachytherapy (IMBT) with/without complementary external-beam radiotherapy and extended surgery in recurrent pelvic colorectal cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A new multimodality treatment concept consisting of extended resection and postoperative fractionated intensity-modulated interstitial brachytherapy (IMBT) was introduced for pelvic recurrence of colorectal carcinoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  46 patients received extended resection and single plastic tubes were sutured directly onto the tumor bed. IMBT was started within 2 weeks postoperatively with a median dose of 24.5 Gy (5-35 Gy). Patients were treated either with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR; n = 23) or with pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy (PDR; n = 23). 25 patients received complementary 45-Gy external-beam irradiation (EBRT) to the pelvic region after explanting the plastic tubes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median follow-up was 20.6 months (7-107 months) and mean patient survival 25.7 +/- 25.8 months (median 17, range 1-107 months). After 5 years overall survival, disease-free survival and local control rate were 23%, 20% and 33%, significantly influenced by the resectional state. There was a trend in favor of PDR compared to HDR, which reached statistical significance in patients who had not received additional EBRT.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The combination of extended surgery and postoperative interstitial IMBT is feasible and offers effective interdisciplinary treatment of recurrent colorectal cancer. In this small and inhomogeneous cohort of patients PDR seems to be more effective than HDR, particularly when application of complementary EBRT is not possible. None of the patients who required resection of distant metastasis survived > 2 years in this study.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein (UK S-H), Campus Kiel, Germany.
authors.forename: Juergen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tepel
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niehoff
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bokelmann
authors.forename: Fred
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Faendrich
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kremer
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Gyoergy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kovács
mesh_terms: D001918:Brachytherapy / Q000379:methods*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010386:Pelvic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors