title: Staphylococcus hyicus exfoliative toxins selectively digest porcine desmoglein 1.
abstract: Virulent strains of Staphylococcus hyicus can cause exudative epidermitis in pigs. The major symptom of this disease is exfoliation of the skin in the upper stratum spinosum. Exfoliation of the skin is strongly associated with exfoliative toxin including ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, ExhD, SHETA, and SHETB. Recently, genes for ExhA, ExhB, ExhC and ExhD were cloned. Exfoliative toxins produced by S. aureus have been shown to selectively cleave human or mouse desmoglein 1, a desmosomal adhesion molecule, that when inactivated results in blisters. In this study, we attempted to identify the molecular target of Exhs in porcine skin. Each of recombinant Exhs injected in the skin of pigs caused superficial epidermal blisters or crust formation. Cell surface staining of desmoglein 1, but not that of desmoglein 3, was abolished when cryosections of normal porcine skin were incubated with one of Exhs suggesting that Exh selectively degrade porcine desmoglein 1. In vitro incubation of the recombinant extracellular domains of desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 of human, mouse or canine origin demonstrated that only mouse desmogleins 1alpha and 1beta were cleaved by ExhA and ExhC at high concentration. Furthermore, injection of ExhA and ExhC at high concentration caused superficial blisters in neonatal mice. These findings strongly suggest that Exhs cause blister formation of porcine skin by digesting porcine desmoglein 1 in a similar fashion to exfoliative toxins from S. aureus.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan.
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fudaba
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishifuji
authors.forename: Lars Ole
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Andresen
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Komatsuzawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amagai
authors.forename: Motoyuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D051183:Desmoglein 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051184:Desmoglein 3 / Q000032:analysis; D005083:Exfoliatins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000473:pathology; D013210:Staphylococcus / Q000502:physiology*; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D051183:Desmoglein 1; D051184:Desmoglein 3; D005083:Exfoliatins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins