title: Laboratory study to investigate the efficacy of cyfluthrin EW treated nets against phlebotomine sandflies.
abstract: Toxic and feeding inhibition effect of cyfluthrin treated nets was assessed and compared with the activity of deltamethrin impregnated nets, before and after 2 and 4 washes against Phlebotomus papatasi. Impregnated cyfluthrin nets (50, 25, 12.5 mg active ingredient (a.i.)/m2) caused knock down and mortality rates higher than 90%, being of 100% at the highest dose, while the nets impregnated with deltamethrin (25, 12.5, 6.25 mg a.i./m2) showed low mortality rates (13.3-43.5%). Also after washing cyfluthrin at the dose of 50 mg a.i./m2 provided higher activity than deltamethrin (25 mg a.i./m2), being mortality rates within 24 hs of 66.7 and 48.9% for cyfluthrin and 38.0 and 2.1% for deltamethrin, respectively after 2 and 4 washes. Before washing, cyfluthrin (50 mg a.i./m2) significantly prevented blood feeding, with respect to both untreated (88.6%) and deltamethrin impregnated nets (56.8%). Deltamethrin (25 mg a.i./m2) showed low feeding inhibition (48.4%), although it was significantly higher than control. The washing of cyfluthrin impregnated nets (50 mg a.i./m2) produced a decrease of the feeding inhibition, being the reduction of 26.6% and 41.3%, respectively after 2 and 4 washes. Two washes of deltamethrin impregnated nets (25 mg a.i./m2) yielded a very high reduction of antifeeding inhibition (68.8%). These laboratory results if confirmed by field evaluation indicate cyfluthrin as good candidate for treatment of mosquito nets to be used against phlebotomine sandflies.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie ed Immunomediate, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Gioia
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bongiorno
authors.forename: Fabiana
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Panchetti
authors.forename: Morteza
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaim
authors.forename: Michele
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maroli
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001512:Bedding and Linens; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology; D007896:Leishmaniasis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission; D009570:Nitriles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010691:Phlebotomus / Q000187:drug effects; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012995:Solubility; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011722:Pyrethrins; D014867:Water; C017180:decamethrin; C052570:cyfluthrin