title: Prospective analysis of the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in bariatric surgery patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Venous thromboembolism (VTE), manifest as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolus, remains an important complication in bariatric operation patients. Our purpose was to determine the incidence of VTE in a consecutive series of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) to guide appropriate therapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  We prospectively examined a consecutive series of RYGB patients with bilateral lower-extremity venous duplex scan (DS) preoperatively, on postoperative day (POD)#2, and approximately POD#14. Preoperative clinical information including history of VTE, intraoperative data, postoperative course, and complications were recorded. Heparin 5,000 U subcutaneously was administered before the operation and every 12 hours throughout hospitalization along with sequential compression devices. Ambulation was instituted on POD#1. Temporary caval filters were placed in patients with a history of VTE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 106 patients were examined. Body mass index was 51 +/- 8 kg/m2 (range, 40-73 kg/m2). Laparoscopic RYGB was performed in 75%. Hospital length of stay was 2.5 +/- 0.6 days. One hundred patients had no history of VTE; none had a positive DS preoperatively or on POD#2. One patient had a positive POD#14 DS and a second patient had a superficial thrombophlebitis, but a negative DS for DVT (both patients were symptomatic). Six patients had a prior history of VTE; all underwent preoperative placement of a temporary caval filter. Of these 6 patients, 1 developed a new postoperative DVT and another patient had thrombus on the caval filter with a negative lower-extremity DS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occult DVT was not observed preoperatively in RYGB patients, suggesting that routine preoperative DS is not necessary in the absence of VTE history. Prophylaxis of heparin and sequential compression devices appears satisfactory in preventing DVT with only a 1% incidence in patients with no prior history of VTE. Two of the 6 patients with prior history of VTE showed evidence of thrombus postoperatively. Although a small number of patients, this finding suggests that a caval filter should be placed preoperatively in RYGB patients with a history of VTE.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. jprystowsky@nmff.org
authors.forename: Jay B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Prystowsky
authors.forename: Mark D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Morasch
authors.forename: Mark K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Eskandari
authors.forename: Eric S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Hungness
authors.forename: Alex P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Nagle
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D015390:Gastric Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000601:surgery*; D011312:Pressure; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin