title: Subtype switching of L-Type Ca 2+ channel from Cav1.3 to Cav1.2 in embryonic murine ventricle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Embryonic hearts exhibit spontaneous electrical activity, which depends on Ca2+ influx through L-type Ca2+ channels. In this study the expression of the L-type Ca2+ channel alpha1 subunit gene in the developing mouse heart was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mouse cardiac ventricles 9.5 days post coitum (dpc), 18 dpc and adult were used. At 9.5 dpc the level of Cav1.3 mRNA was higher than that of Cav1.2 mRNA. With development, Cav1.2 mRNA increased and Cav1.3 mRNA decreased. Analysis of Cav1.3 splicing variants showed that Cav1.3(1b) mRNA was expressed at a higher density than Cav1.3(1a) mRNA. Cav1.3 protein was detected only at 9.5 dpc, whereas Cav1.2 protein was expressed from 9.5 dpc and its expression increased with development. L-type Ca2+ currents were prominent at 9.5 dpc. The Ca2+ current amplitude at 9.5 dpc was comparable to that at 18 dpc, and was larger in adults than at the embryonic stage. L-type Ca2+ current at 9.5 dpc was activated and/or inactivated at more negative membrane potentials than at 18 dpc or adult. L-type Ca2+ channels at 9.5 dpc were less sensitive to inhibition by nisoldipine than at adult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Cav1.3 channel is functionally expressed in early embryonic mouse ventricular myocytes and potentially underlies ventricular automaticity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan.
authors.forename: Haruki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takemura
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yasui
authors.forename: Tobias
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Opthof
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niwa
authors.forename: Mitsuru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Horiba
authors.forename: Atsuya
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Jong-Kook
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Haruo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Honjo
authors.forename: Kaichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kamiya
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ueda
authors.forename: Itsuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Kodama
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D018507:Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental / Q000502:physiology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000196:embryology / Q000201:enzymology; D017136:Ion Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D015737:Nisoldipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: C485995:Cacna1d protein, mouse; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; C419385:L-type calcium channel alpha(1C); D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015737:Nisoldipine; D002118:Calcium