title: Is bowling workload a risk factor for injury to Australian junior cricket fast bowlers?
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine whether bowling workload is a risk factor for overuse injury to Australian junior cricket fast bowlers and to evaluate the appropriateness of current bowling workload guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty four male fast bowlers (mean (standard deviation) age 14.7 (1.4) years) were monitored prospectively over the 2002-2003 season. Bowlers completed a daily diary to record bowling workloads and self reported injuries, which were validated by a physiotherapist. Bowling workload prior to the first injury (for those bowlers who were injured) was compared to workload across the whole season for uninjured bowlers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eleven (25%) bowlers reported an overuse-type injury, with seven of these sustaining a back injury. Injured bowlers had been bowling significantly more frequently than uninjured bowlers (median number of days since the previous bowling day: 3.2 v 3.9 days, Mann-Whitney U = 105.0, p = 0.038). Compared with bowlers with an average of > or =3.5 rest days between bowling, bowlers with an average of <3.5 rest days were at a significantly increased risk of injury (risk ratio (RR) = 3.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1 to 8.9). There were also trends towards an increased risk of injury for those who bowled an average of > or =2.5 days per week (RR = 2.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.4) or > or =50 deliveries per day (RR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.7 to 5.4).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study has identified high bowling workload as a risk factor for overuse injury to junior fast bowlers. Continued research is required to provide scientific evidence for bowling workload guidelines that are age-specific for junior fast bowlers.
authors.affiliation: University of New South Wales, NSW Injury Risk Management Research Centre, Sydney, Australia. rebecca.dennis@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Dennis
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Finch
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Farhart
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology*; D001315:Australia; D019567:Back Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D012090:Cumulative Trauma Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013177:Sports; D016526:Workload