title: Nuclear levels and patterns of histone H3 modification and HP1 proteins after inhibition of histone deacetylases.
abstract: The effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaBt) were studied in A549, HT29 and FHC human cell lines. Global histone hyperacetylation, leading to decondensation of interphase chromatin, was characterized by an increase in H3(K9) and H3(K4) dimethylation and H3(K9) acetylation. The levels of all isoforms of heterochromatin protein, HP1, were reduced after HDAC inhibition. The observed changes in the protein levels were accompanied by changes in their interphase patterns. In control cells, H3(K9) acetylation and H3(K4) dimethylation were substantially reduced to a thin layer at the nuclear periphery, whereas TSA and NaBt caused the peripheral regions to become intensely acetylated at H3(K9) and dimethylated at H3(K4). The dispersed pattern of H3(K9) dimethylation was stable even at the nuclear periphery of HDACi-treated cells. After TSA and NaBt treatment, the HP1 proteins were repositioned more internally in the nucleus, being closely associated with interchromatin compartments, while centromeric heterochromatin was relocated closer to the nuclear periphery. These findings strongly suggest dissociation of HP1 proteins from peripherally located centromeres in a hyperacetylated and H3(K4) dimethylated environment. We conclude that inhibition of histone deacetylases caused dynamic reorganization of chromatin in parallel with changes in its epigenetic modifications.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 135, 612 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bártová
authors.forename: Jirí
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pacherník
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Harnicarová
authors.forename: Ales
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kovarík
authors.forename: Martina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kovaríková
authors.forename: Jirina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hofmanová
authors.forename: Magdalena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skalníková
authors.forename: Michal
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kozubek
authors.forename: Stanislav
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kozubek
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020148:Butyric Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D018288:Carcinoma, Small Cell / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005333:Fetus; D019073:HT29 Cells; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006657:Histones / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D007399:Interphase / Q000187:drug effects; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D002868:Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006657:Histones; D006877:Hydroxamic Acids; D020148:Butyric Acid; D000090266:Chromobox Protein Homolog 5; C012589:trichostatin A; D006655:Histone Deacetylases