title: Detection of gyrA mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by rapid and reliable pre-programmed short DNA sequencing.
abstract: Quinolone resistance is rapidly increasing in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and is posing a significant public health threat that requires constant surveillance. A rapid and reliable mutation detection assay has been developed. The assay is based on pre-programmed short DNA sequencing and is designed to detect point mutations in the gyrA gene that are highly related to ciprofloxacin resistance, i.e. in codons 91 and 95. By developing an assay based on pyrosequencing and exploiting the pre-programmed nucleotide dispensation capability of this technology, the sequence comprising the mutations will be analysed and promptly reveal whether the N. gonorrhoeae pathogen carries resistance to ciprofloxacin. A panel of 40 N. gonorrhoeae clinical isolates, of which 27 phenotypically displayed decreased susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin, was used in the present study. All point mutations in the short stretch of the N. gonorrhoeae gyrA gene were easily discriminated, and the genotypic results obtained by pre-programmed sequencing were mainly in agreement with the phenotypically identified decreased susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin. The new method used in the present study has the potential for rapid and reliable identification of known as well as previously unknown drug resistance mutations.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, 855 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Baback
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gharizadeh
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akhras
authors.forename: Magnus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Unemo
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wretlind
authors.forename: Pål
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Nyrén
authors.forename: Nader
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pourmand
mesh_terms: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003062:Codon; D027081:DNA Gyrase / Q000235:genetics*; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006069:Gonorrhea / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D009344:Neisseria gonorrhoeae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D017354:Point Mutation; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D003062:Codon; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D027081:DNA Gyrase