title: [Bacterial spectra and antibiotics in odontogenic infections. Renaissance of the penicillins?].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role played by odontogenic infection in dental, oral, and maxillofacial surgery is not to be underestimated even at the present time. An extensive, standardized, prospective study was performed with the intention of verifying the bacterial spectrum of odontogenic infections to evaluate antibiotic sensitivity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bacterial spectra and resistograms of 65 patients with an odontogenic infection were analyzed in a prospective study under standardized conditions for specimen collection and transport.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 226 bacterial strains were analyzed. The ratio between anaerobes and aerobes was approximately 2:1. The most frequent aerobes were members of the genera Streptococcus (46 isolates), Staphylococcus (10 isolates), and Neisseria (9 isolates), respectively. The anaerobic gram-positive spectrum was dominated by members of the genera Eubacterium (19 isolates), Peptostreptococcus (16 isolates), and Actinomyces (12 isolates). The most frequently isolated gram-negative anaerobes were Prevotella (46 isolates), and Fusobacterium (21 isolates). The overall resistance to antibiotics was very low: only 7.3% of all bacteria were resistant to penicillin G/V, and 8.8% showed resistance to ampicillin. The resistance rates to other beta-lactam antibiotics were 4.4% to piperacillin and 0.6% to imipenem, respectively. Penicillin G presented the highest antimicrobial activity among aerobes: only 4.5% of anaerobic strains were resistant of penicillin G. The other resistance rates of anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics were as follows: ampicillin 24%, doxycycline 34%, erythromycin 18%, and clindamycin 9.3%. Penicillin G was also highly antimicrobially active to anaerobes. The resistance rates were: penicillin G 8.1%, ampicillin 2.6%, doxycycline 9.2%, erythromycin 10.2%, and clindamycin 1.4%, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg. aw.eckert.wissenschaft@web.de
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Maurer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Wilhelms
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schubert
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018432:Drug Resistance, Multiple; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008875:Middle Aged; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010482:Periapical Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D010508:Periodontal Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D018713:Prevotella intermedia / Q000187:drug effects; D045242:Prevotella nigrescens / Q000187:drug effects; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins