title: The effects of continuous axillary brachial plexus block with ropivacaine infusion on skin temperature and survival of crushed fingers after microsurgical replantation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Continuous axillary brachial plexus block with local anesthetic has been shown to improve tissue perfusion after replantation surgery of the extremity. The present study aimed to investigate whether continuous axillary brachial plexus block with ropivacaine infusion can improve the survival of the reconstructive fingers secondary to an increase in its skin temperature in patients receiving replantation surgery of the crushed fingers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Under general anesthesia, 18 patients received replantation or toe-to-hand transplantation of their crushed digits. They were randomly divided into two groups. Under ultrasound guidance, continuous axillary brachial plexus analgesia was effected by a loading dose of 10 ml 0.75% ropivacaine, followed by an infusion of 4-5 ml per hour for up to three days (Group A). Patients who did not receive continuous analgesia postoperatively served as a control (Group B). An infrared thermometer was used to hourly assess the skin temperature of the surgical and non-surgical sites in both groups for 24 h after the surgery. In addition, the survival (the rate of re-operation or amputation) of the reconstructive digits was also evaluated in both groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The skin temperature of the digits (T1) on both groups did not show any significant difference at any point of time after the surgery albeit there was a trend of increased skin temperature on the reconstructive digits in patients receiving continuous axillary brachial plexus block (Group A) as compared to those without receiving the block (Group B). Also, the difference in skin temperature (dT) differed slightly at 0, 9 and 21 hours postoperatively in Group A in comparison with Group B (0.75 +/- 0.65 vs. -2.33 +/- 1.24, 0.53 +/- 0.34 vs. -3.02 +/- 1.27, -0.125 +/- 0.55 vs. -2.33 +/- 0.91, p < 0.05). However, no patients in both groups received a second operation or amputation of the graft.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The result of this study demonstrated that axillary brachial plexus block with continuous infusion of 0.75% ropivacaine can increase the skin temperature, an index of tissue perfusion, of the reconstructive digits for 24 h after microvascular surgery of the crushed fingers. However, graft survival was good in both groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
authors.forename: Han-Hsiang
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ping-Wing
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Lui
authors.forename: Chi-Lun
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Chin-San
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Liew
authors.forename: Chih-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yu-Te
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Chia-Hung
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Min-Wen
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000577:Amides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001365:Axilla; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D005260:Female; D005383:Finger Injuries / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012092:Replantation; D000077212:Ropivacaine; D012881:Skin Temperature / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D000077212:Ropivacaine