title: Effects of type of physical exercise and leisure activities on the depression scores of obese Brazilian adolescent girls.
abstract: Several studies have indicated that depressive states may lead to hypokinesia with diminished metabolic rate and energy use. Hypokinesia associated with certain eating behaviors may lead to an unfavorable energy balance that can contribute to the emergence and prevalence of obesity among children and adults. The purpose of the present study was to examine the possibility of reducing depression inventory scores in female adolescents with third-degree obesity while testing the effectiveness of different exercise programs in reducing anxiety and depression scores. The sample consisted of 40 female subjects (mean age 16 +/- 1.56 years) divided into 4 groups (aerobic training, anaerobic training, leisure activities, and control). Subjects had a body mass index of 95% or more in relation to the 50th percentile. The aerobic program consisted of three ergometric bicycle sessions per week over a 3-month period (12 weeks) and the activities were prescribed after determining the anaerobic ventilatory threshold (VO2 threshold). Anaerobic training was based on the Wingate anaerobic power test. The leisure program consisted of a varied range of activities (games, exercises, etc.). A nutritionist interviewed the members of these two groups and the control group every week in order to adapt them to the nutritional guidelines proposed for the study. The study showed that all three programs (aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise and leisure activities) were effective in reducing body mass. However, we found a significant reduction when analyzing the depression scores only for aerobic exercise (18.9 +/- 9.33 to 10.6 +/- 9.56 or 43.9%) but no significant alterations for anaerobic exercise (11.36 +/- 5.23 to 9.63 +/- 4.78 or 15.22%) and leisure (17.28 +/- 7.55 to 15.07 +/- 7.54 or 12.78%), thus indicating that in principle this type of activity could be included to improve emotional well-being of obese adolescent girls.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. sgstella@psicobio.epm.br
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Stella
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Vilar
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lacroix
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fisberg
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Santos
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Mello
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tufik
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015308:Anaerobic Threshold; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001007:Anxiety / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D015992:Body Mass Index; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities / Q000523:psychology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000209:etiology / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015397:Program Evaluation; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales