title: Serum leptin levels and insulin resistance are associated with gallstone disease in overweight subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish an association between the serum leptin levels and the development of gallstone disease (GD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We carried out a non-matched case-controlled study in a university hospital in Mexico City. Two hundred and eighty-seven subjects were included: 97 cases with gallstones and 190 controls. Body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma leptin, insulin, serum lipid, and lipoprotein levels were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Unconditional logistic regression analysis (univariate and multivariate) stratified by BMI was used to calculate the risk of GD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The multivariate conditional regression analysis revealed a model for those patients with BMI <30. The selected variables in the model were HOMA-IR index with OR = 1.31, P = 0.02 and leptin higher than median with OR = 2.11, P = 0.05. In the stratum of BMI >=30, we did not find a useful model.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We concluded that insulin resistance and the development of GD appears to be associated with serum leptin levels in subjects with overweight, but not in obese subjects with similar metabolic profiles.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Biomedical Research, Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Medica Sur Clinic and Foundation, Puente de Piedra 150, Col. Toriello Guerra, Mexico City, Mexico. nmendez@medicasur.org.mx
authors.forename: Nahum
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Méndez-Sánchez
authors.forename: Luisa-B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Bermejo-Martínez
authors.forename: Yolanda
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Viñals
authors.forename: Norberto-C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Chavez-Tapia
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vander Graff
authors.forename: Guadalupe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ponciano-Rodríguez
authors.forename: Martha-H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ramos
authors.forename: Misael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Uribe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D020738:Leptin