title: The effect of crystal morphology and mill type on milling induced crystal disorder.
abstract: Milling is a key process in the preparation of many solid dosage forms. One possible milling induced change is the production of small levels of disorder or amorphous material found predominantly at the surface of a powder, which could lead to significant chemical and physical instability. The influence of crystal habit on this change was investigated using beta-succinic acid, in plate like and needle like morphologies. beta-Succinic acid crystals with these habits were processed in a ball mill and a jet mill. SEM images indicated jet milled material was finer than the ball milled product. Powder X-ray diffraction of the milled powders revealed an amorphous halo at lower angles and peak broadening suggesting disorder though this could not be quantified accurately. In addition, a partial conversion during milling to the alpha form was noted. Quantitation of the alpha form in the milled powders indicated it was present at <2% (w/w). Plate and needle shaped particles had similar heats of solution pre-milling, however, all milled powders had lower heats of solution compared to the unmilled powers. The contribution of the alpha polymorph to the lower heats of solution was calculated to be insignificant. Therefore, the reduced heat of solution is attributed to a loss in crystallinity. The largest decreases were seen in the plate like morphology. These findings suggest that beta-succinic acid crystals with plate like morphology are more prone to crystallinity loss on milling compared to the needle like morphology. The mill type has also been shown to influence the final crystallinity.
authors.affiliation: Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chikhalia
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Forbes
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Storey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ticehurst
mesh_terms: D002152:Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; D003460:Crystallization; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D010316:Particle Size; D011208:Powders; D019802:Succinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D013499:Surface Properties; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D013816:Thermodynamics; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction
chemical_list: D011208:Powders; D019802:Succinic Acid