title: Dual mechanism of the potentiation by glucose of insulin secretion induced by arginine and tolbutamide in mouse islets.
abstract: Glucose induces insulin secretion (IS) and also potentiates the insulin-releasing action of secretagogues such as arginine and sulfonylureas. This potentiating effect is known to be impaired in type 2 diabetic patients, but its cellular mechanisms are unclear. IS and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) were measured in mouse islets during perifusion with 3-15 mmol/l glucose (G3-G15, respectively) and pulse or stepwise stimulation with 1-10 mmol/l arginine or 5-250 micromol/l tolbutamide. In G3, arginine induced small increases in [Ca(2+)](i) but no IS. G7 alone only slightly increased [Ca(2+)](i) and IS but markedly potentiated arginine effects on [Ca(2+)](i), which resulted in significant IS (already at 1 mmol/l). For each arginine concentration, both responses further increased at G10 and G15, but the relative change was distinctly larger for IS than [Ca(2+)](i). At all glucose concentrations, tolbutamide dose dependently increased [Ca(2+)](i) and IS with thresholds of 25 micromol/l for [Ca(2+)](i) and 100 micromol/l for IS at G3 and of 5 micromol/l for both at G7 and above. Between G7 and G15, the effect of tolbutamide on [Ca(2+)](i) increased only slightly, whereas that on IS was strongly potentiated. The linear relationship between IS and [Ca(2+)](i) at increasing arginine or tolbutamide concentrations became steeper as the glucose concentration was raised. Thus glucose augmented more the effect of each agent on IS than that on [Ca(2+)](i). In conclusion, glucose potentiation of arginine- or tolbutamide-induced IS involves increases in both the rise of [Ca(2+)](i) and the action of Ca(2+) on exocytosis. This dual mechanism must be borne in mind to interpret the alterations of the potentiating action of glucose in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Unité d'Endocrinologie et Métabolisme, University of Louvain Faculty of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Nobuyoshi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiyama
authors.forename: Magalie A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ravier
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Henquin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001120:Arginine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014044:Tolbutamide / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D001120:Arginine; D014044:Tolbutamide; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium