title: Prognostic value of systolic mitral annular velocity measured with Doppler tissue imaging in patients with chronic heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prognostic value of various conventional and novel echocardiographic indices in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) caused by left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction.
  
  
  METHODS
  185 patients with a mean (SD) age of 67 (11) years with CHF and LV ejection fraction < 45% despite optimal pharmacological treatment were prospectively enrolled. The patients underwent two dimensional echocardiography with tissue harmonic imaging to assess global LV systolic function and obtain volumetric data. Transmitral flow was assessed with conventional pulse wave Doppler. Systolic (Sm), early, and late diastolic mitral annular velocities were measured with the use of colour coded Doppler tissue imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During a median follow up of 32 months (range 24-38 months in survivors), 34 patients died and one underwent heart transplantation. Sm velocity (hazard ratio (HR) 0.648, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.463 to 0.907, p = 0.011), diastolic arterial pressure (HR 0.965, 95% CI 0.938 to 0.993, p = 0.015), serum creatinine (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.001 to 1.011, p = 0.023), LV ejection fraction (HR 0.945, 95% CI 0.899 to 0.992, p = 0.024), age (HR 1.035, 95% CI 1.000 to 1.071, p = 0.052), LV end systolic volume index (HR 1.009, 95% CI 0.999 to 1.019, p = 0.067), and restrictive pattern of transmitral flow (HR 0.543, 95% CI 0.278 to 1.061, p = 0.074) predicted the outcome of death or transplantation on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis, only Sm velocity (HR 0.648, 95% CI 0.460 to 0.912, p = 0.013) and diastolic arterial pressure (HR 0.966, 95% CI 0.938 to 0.994, p = 0.016) emerged as independent predictors of outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with CHF and LV systolic dysfunction despite optimal pharmacological treatment, the strongest independent echocardiographic predictor of prognosis was Sm velocity measured with quantitative colour coded Doppler tissue imaging.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull HU16 5JQ, UK. N.P.Nikitin@hull.ac.uk
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Loh
authors.forename: R de
authors.initials: Rd
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ghosh
authors.forename: O Y
authors.initials: OY
authors.lastname: Khaleva
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goode
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Rigby
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Alamgir
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: J G F
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Cleland
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018618:Echocardiography, Doppler, Color; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000150:complications / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*