title: Ethnic comparisons of sarcopenia and obesity in diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the association between obesity and low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control, and to determine whether these associations varied by ethnicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) was used (5,727 adults, 40-74 years of age: 26% Mexican Americans, 25% non-Hispanic Blacks, and 49% non-Hispanic Whites).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle [SM(kg)/ height(m2)] <1 standard deviation below the young adult mean. Obesity was defined as waist circumference >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of diabetes was 40% higher in Mexican Americans than in non-Hispanic Blacks or Whites (P<.05). The lowest prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia were observed in Mexican Americans (except for obesity in women). Independent of ethnicity, subjects with a high waist circumference were more likely to have diabetes and poor glycemic control (P<.05). These associations were strongest in non-Hispanic Whites. Conversely, sarcopenia was not associated with diabetes or poor glycemic control in any ethnic group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the prevalence of type 2 diabetes was highest in Mexican Americans, non-Hispanic Whites exhibited the highest prevalence of obesity and sarcopenia. The role of genetically based, ethnic differences in body composition and diabetes risk needs to be taken into account when developing clinical guidelines such as the waist circumference cutpoints used in this study.
authors.affiliation: Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Dept of Agriculture (USDA) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. carmen.sceppa@tufts.edu
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castaneda
authors.forename: Ian
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Janssen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D044383:Black People; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D017058:Mexican Americans; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood / Q000208:ethnology*; D015995:Prevalence; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio; D044465:White People; D001741:Black or African American
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose