Thiol redox control via thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems.
The Trx (thioredoxin) and Grx (glutaredoxin) systems control cellular redox potential, keeping a reducing thiol-rich intracellular state, which on generation of reactive oxygen species signals through thiol redox control mechanisms. Here, we give a brief overview of the human Trx and Grx systems. The main part focuses on our current knowledge about mitochondrial Grx2, which facilitates mitochondrial redox homoeostasis during oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.
Holmgren
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Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, The Medical Nobel Institute for Biochemistry, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Arne.Holmgren@mbb.ki.se
Johansson
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Berndt
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Lönn
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Hudemann
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Lillig
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D000818:Animals; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D013879:Thioredoxins / Q000378:metabolism*
C516005:GLRX protein, human; C516008:GLRX2 protein, human; D054477:Glutaredoxins; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D013438:Sulfhydryl Compounds; D013879:Thioredoxins; D010088:Oxidoreductases