title: Renal tubular toxicity associated with tenofovir assessed using urine-beta 2 microglobulin, percentage of tubular reabsorption of phosphate and alkaline phosphatase levels.
abstract: Despite its wide use, the renal tubular toxicity of tenofovir has not been fully evaluated. Twelve weeks after initiating a tenofovir-containing HAART regimen, a high urine-beta 2 microglobulin level was observed in 12 out of 17 patients, the percentage of tubular reabsorption of phosphate decreased from 96.0 to 91.1% and alkaline phosphatase increased from 294 to 365 U/l, whereas serum creatinine and phosphorus remained largely unchanged. Patients with the above findings should be monitored carefully for renal tubular toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Ogikubo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Ei
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kinai
authors.forename: Hideji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanabusa
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000225:Adenine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000379:methods; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008875:Middle Aged; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000068698:Tenofovir; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D063065:Organophosphonates; D010710:Phosphates; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin; D014527:Uric Acid; D010758:Phosphorus; D000068698:Tenofovir; D003404:Creatinine; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000225:Adenine