title: Critical appraisal and review of the Rankin scale and its derivatives.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Efforts to reduce stroke burden require accurate assessment of outcomes in order to compare treatments. The Rankin Scale and its derivatives, the Modified Rankin Scale and the Oxford Handicap Scale, taken together, are among the most common outcome measures that have been used in stroke research. The aim of this study was to perform a critical appraisal of the clinimetric properties of these scales. It was also planned to review the use of these scales in a selection of articles to illustrate concerns raised by the critical appraisal.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A literature search was performed using electronic databases to locate relevant articles about the reviewed scales. The scales were appraised using a structured format regarding the following properties: purpose, development, presentation, language, method of administration, content validity, face validity, feasibility, construct validity, reliability, responsiveness, and generalizability. There are concerns in each of the appraised areas regarding the clinimetric properties of these scales.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Further work is needed to improve the clinimetric properties of the reviewed scales to ensure that they are more useful tools in determining the outcome of stroke. Alternatively, a newer global outcome scale with improved clinimetric properties may be a better option for future stroke research.
authors.affiliation: Rehabilitation and Aged Services Program, Kingston Center, Southern Health, Melbourne, Australia. Peter.New@southernhealth.org.au
authors.forename: Peter Wayne
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: New
authors.forename: Rachelle
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Buchbinder
mesh_terms: D016208:Databases, Factual; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020521:Stroke / Q000175:diagnosis*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom