title: Exploiting interlimb coupling to improve paretic arm reaching performance in people with chronic stroke.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether paretic arm reaching performance is improved in bilateral compared with unilateral conditions.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  University human performance laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-two subjects with chronic stroke (57+/-14y; on Fugl-Meyer Assessment arm score, 37+/-14).
  
  
  METHODS
  Unilateral and bilateral reaching. Bilateral tasks included varying levels of weight on the nonparetic hand.
  
  
  METHODS
  An electromagnetic tracking system recorded hand peak acceleration, velocity, and movement time. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey-adjusted pairwise comparisons were used to analyze the results (alpha=.05).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Paretic differed significantly from nonparetic peak acceleration and velocity in unilateral reaching but not bilateral reaching. Within limbs, the paretic arm attained a higher peak acceleration (P<.001) and velocity (P=.03) in the bilateral compared with the unilateral task, but movement time was unchanged between tasks. Nonparetic peak acceleration was higher (P=.015), velocity was unchanged, and movement time increased (P=.005) in the bilateral compared with the unilateral task. The addition of a weight to the nonparetic arm during bilateral reaching did not result in further improvement in paretic arm performance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Interlimb coupling effects during bilateral reaching are retained even after chronic stroke and can be used to produce an immediate improvement in paretic arm reaching performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. harrislmi@ninds.nih.gov
authors.forename: Michelle L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Harris-Love
authors.forename: Sandy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCombe Waller
authors.forename: Jill
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitall
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001132:Arm / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D010291:Paresis / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D020127:Recovery of Function / Q000502:physiology; D020521:Stroke / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D000071939:Stroke Rehabilitation; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D016474:Weight-Bearing / Q000502:physiology