title: Prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of bipolar I disorder and axis I and II disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present nationally representative data on 12-month and lifetime prevalence, correlates, and comorbidity of bipolar I disorder.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data were derived from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N = 43,093). Prevalences and associations of bipolar I disorder with sociodemographic correlates and Axis I and II disorders were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Prevalences of 12-month and lifetime DSM-IV bipolar I disorder were 2.0% (95% CI = 1.82 to 2.18) and 3.3% (95% CI = 2.76 to 3.84), respectively, and no sex differences were observed. The odds of bipolar I disorder were significantly greater among Native Americans, younger adults, and respondents who were widowed/separated/divorced and of lower socioeconomic status and significantly lower among Asians and Hispanics (p < .05). Men were significantly (p < .05) more likely to have unipolar mania and earlier onset and longer duration of manic episodes, while women were more likely to have mixed and major depressive episodes and to be treated for manic, mixed, and major depressive episodes. Bipolar I disorder was found to be highly and significantly related (p < .05) to substance use, anxiety, and personality disorders, but not to alcohol abuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Bipolar I disorder is more prevalent in the U.S. population than previously estimated, highlighting the underestimation of the economic costs associated with this illness. Associations between bipolar I disorder and Axis I and II disorders were all significant, underscoring the need for systematic assessment of comorbidity among bipolar I patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-9304, USA. bgrant@willco.niaaa.nih.gov
authors.forename: Bridget F
authors.initials: BF
authors.lastname: Grant
authors.forename: Frederick S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Stinson
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Hasin
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: S Patricia
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: W June
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Ruan
authors.forename: Boji
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Huang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D017668:Age of Onset; D000368:Aged; D019973:Alcohol-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D017678:Sex Distribution; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology