title: Evaluation of intra- and interobserver reliability and image reproducibility to assess usefulness of high-resolution ultrasonography for measurement of anterior segment structures of canine eyes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) for measurements of anterior segment structures in canine eyes.
  
  
  METHODS
  4 clinically normal Beagles.
  
  
  METHODS
  Images were obtained from 8 eyes with a handheld 20-MHz transducer. Eleven anterior segment structures on each image were measured 5 times by 2 independent observers. Coefficients of variation (CVs) for measurements were used to assess intraobserver reliability. Interobserver reliability was assessed by comparing measurements obtained by the 2 observers from the same images. Five images were sequentially obtained from 2 locations (ie, superior and temporal) to evaluate image reproducibility. Anterior segment structures were measured once on each image; image reproducibility was assessed by use of the CV for each parameter measured. Imaging location was assessed by comparison of CV for measurements from each location.
  
  
  RESULTS
  CVs were < 10% for observer A for all measurements except the ciliary cleft area (11.63%). The CVs were > 10% for observer B for measurements of the angle recess area (18.51%) and ciliary cleft width (17.44%) and area (16.01%). Significant differences in measurements between observers were found for 5 of 11 anterior segment structures. Imaging the superior aspect of the globe provided the most reproducible images, although image reproducibility was still somewhat variable, with the highest and lowest CVs for measurements of 33.01% and 11.32%, respectively, in the superior position.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-resolution ultrasound images can be used to reliably measure various anterior segment structures. Clinically relevant findings in the anterior segment of canine eyes may be detectable by use of HRUS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706-1102, USA.
authors.forename: Ellison
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bentley
authors.forename: Paul E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Kathryn A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Diehl
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005123:Eye / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography