Tamm-Horsfall protein acts as a general host-defense factor against bacterial cystitis.
OBJECTIVE
Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) is urine's most abundant protein, but its biological function has remained elusive. Recently, THP-deficient (THP(-/-)) mice were shown to have difficulty clearing Escherichia coli from the urinary bladder. It has remained unclear if interaction between THP and E. coli is specific for E. coli or if THP has a versatile ability to clear a variety of bacteria from the bladder, and act as a broad host-defense mechanism against urinary tract infection (UTI). In this study, we examined the role of THP as a protective factor against UTI caused by bacteria other than E. coli, namely Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus saprophyticus by determining if the THP(-/-) mouse has difficulty clearing these bacteria from its bladder.


METHODS
THP gene knockout mice were generated by the technique of homologous recombination. K. pneumoniae and S. saprophyticus were introduced transurethrally, in separate experiments, into the bladders of the THP(-/-) and genetically similar wild-type (THP(+/+)) mice. Urine was collected at periodic intervals and cultured to quantitate the degree of bacteriuria. Bladders were surgically removed and examined histomorphometrically to determine the intensity of inflammation.


RESULTS
Results showed that both with K. pneumoniae and with S. saprophyticus, the THP(-/-) mice had more severe bacteriuria in comparison with THP(+/+) mice. The inflammatory changes in the bladder were also markedly more intense in THP(-/-) mice with each of the bacterial species.


CONCLUSIONS
These findings support the hypothesis that THP helps eliminate K. pneumoniae and S. saprophyticus from the urinary tract and acts as a general host-defense factor against UTI.
Raffi
Hajamohideen S
HS
Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA.
Bates
James M
JM
Laszik
Zoltan
Z
Kumar
Satish
S
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001437:Bacteriuria / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D003556:Cystitis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007710:Klebsiella Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D009088:Mucoproteins / Q000276:immunology*; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D058949:Uromodulin
D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009088:Mucoproteins; C548613:Umod protein, mouse; D058949:Uromodulin