title: Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 can establish latent infection in resting CD4+ T cells in the absence of activating stimuli.
abstract: Resting CD4(+) T cells are the best-defined reservoir of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but how the reservoir is formed is unclear. Understanding how the reservoir of latently infected cells forms is critical because it is a major barrier to curing HIV infection. The system described here may provide an in vitro model of latent HIV-1 infection in resting CD4(+) T cells. We demonstrated that HIV-1 integrates into the genomes of in vitro-inoculated resting CD4(+) T cells that have not received activating stimuli and have not entered cell cycle stage G(1b). A percentage of the resting CD4(+) T cells that contain integrated DNA produce virus upon stimulation, i.e., are latently infected. Our results show that latent HIV-1 infection occurs in unstimulated resting CD4(+) T cells and suggest a new route for HIV-1 reservoir formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Swiggard
authors.forename: Clifford
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baytop
authors.forename: Jianqing J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Jihong
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Chuanzhao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schretzenmair
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Theodosopoulos
authors.forename: Una
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: O'Doherty
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000276:immunology; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000821:virology; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002460:Cell Line; D004197:Disease Reservoirs; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016679:Genome, Viral; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D016662:Virus Integration; D017735:Virus Latency
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD