title: Auditory cortical tuning to statistical regularities in phonology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Ample behavioral evidence suggests that distributional properties of the language environment influence the processing of speech. Yet, how these characteristics are reflected in neural processes remains largely unknown. The present ERP study investigates neurophysiological correlates of phonotactic probability: the distributional frequency of phoneme combinations.
  
  
  METHODS
  We employed an ERP measure indicative of experience-dependent auditory memory traces, the mismatch negativity (MMN). We presented pairs of non-words that differed by the degree of phonotactic probability in a modified passive oddball design that minimizes the contribution of acoustic processes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Experiment 1 the non-word with high phonotactic probability (notsel) elicited a significantly enhanced MMN as compared to the non-word with low phonotactic probability (notkel). In Experiment 2 this finding was replicated with a non-word pair with a smaller acoustic difference (notsel-notfel). An MMN enhancement was not observed in a third acoustic control experiment with stimuli having comparable phonotactic probability (so-fo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that auditory cortical responses to phoneme clusters are modulated by statistical regularities of phoneme combinations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that the language environment is relevant in shaping the neural processing of speech. Furthermore, it provides a potentially useful design for investigating implicit phonological processing in children with anomalous language functions like dyslexia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands. m.bonte@psychology.unimass.nl
authors.forename: Milene L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bonte
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mitterer
authors.forename: Nadia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zellagui
authors.forename: Hanne
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Poelmans
authors.forename: Leo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Blomert
mesh_terms: D001303:Auditory Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005072:Evoked Potentials, Auditory / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010700:Phonetics; D013067:Speech Perception / Q000502:physiology*