title: A pilot study for serological evidence of hantavirus infection in human population in south India.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hantaviruses are rodent-borne viruses of the family Bunyaviridae that have been identified as aetiological agents of two human diseases, haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). There are no reports of hantavirus infections in humans from India, hence this pilot study was undertaken to provide the serological evidence of hantavirus infections in humans in south India.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum samples were obtained from individuals with acute febrile illness and from voluntary blood donors, majority of whom were from south India. Serum samples were tested for anti-hantavirus IgM using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Samples found positive by the EIA were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using slides coated with Seoul virus (SEOV) infected cells as substrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 152 serum samples from individuals with pyrexic illness, 23 (14.7%) were positive for anti-hantavirus IgM by EIA. In contrast, only 5.7 per cent of healthy blood donors were positive by this assay. Eighteen of the 22 (82%) EIA-positive samples from patients were positive by the IFA assay. In contrast, only 2 of the 5 (40%) blood donor EIA positive samples were positive in the IFA assay.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The finding of this study indicated the possible presence of hantavirus infections in the human population of India presenting both as asymptomatic and symptomatic infections. Further studies need to be done to confirm the findings on a larger sample using molecular techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chandy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mitra
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sathish
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Vijayakumar
authors.forename: O C
authors.initials: OC
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: M V
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Jesudason
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Abraham
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshimatsu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arikawa
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Sridharan
mesh_terms: D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D018778:Hantavirus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012698:Serologic Tests / Q000379:methods / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M