title: Zinc status and taste acuity in older Europeans: the ZENITH study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age-related decline in taste acuity may be both a cause and an effect of depleted zinc and/or increased zinc requirement.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to explore associations between zinc status and taste acuity in healthy older European adults aged 55-90 y.
  
  
  METHODS
  Volunteers were recruited within Italy (n = 108 aged 70-90 y), the United Kingdom (UK) (n = 93 aged 55-70) and two regions of France (n = 186), Grenoble (aged 70-90 y) and Clermont-Ferrand (aged 55-70 y).
  
  
  METHODS
  A signal detection theory approach was adopted, employing a three-alternative, forced-choice procedure. The data were converted to R-indices and bivariate correlations were computed to explore relationships between serum zinc, erythrocyte zinc and taste acuity. ANOVA was undertaken to determine regional differences in zinc status.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Higher erythrocyte zinc status was associated with better acuity for salt (sodium chloride) taste in the sample as a whole (P = 0.012) (n = 385). Higher serum zinc levels were associated with greater sensitivity to sour taste (citric acid) (P = 0.015) only in the older groups (aged 70-90 y). There were no apparent associations between serum or erythrocyte zinc status and acuity for bitter (quinine) or sweet (sucrose) tastes irrespective of age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results agree with those previously suggesting that age-related detriment in sensitivity for salt taste may be associated with depleted zinc.
authors.affiliation: Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland. B.knox@ulster.ac.uk
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Stewart-Knox
authors.forename: E E A
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Simpson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Parr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Rae
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Polito
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Intorre
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Meunier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andriollo-Sanchez
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Coudray
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Strain
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000502:physiology; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D009752:Nutritional Status / Q000502:physiology*; D012372:ROC Curve; D012016:Reference Values; D017603:Signal Detection, Psychological / Q000502:physiology; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D013649:Taste / Q000502:physiology*; D015032:Zinc / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D015032:Zinc