title: Heterogeneity in patellofemoral cartilage adaptation to anterior cruciate ligament transection; chondrocyte shape and deformation with compression.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine if the opposing cartilages of the feline patellofemoral joint adapted differently to short-term anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACL-T) and if the magnitude of chondrocyte deformation upon tissue loading was altered under ACL-T conditions compared to contralateral controls. In situ static compression of physiological magnitude was applied to the feline patellofemoral cartilage 16 weeks post-ACL-T and cartilage and chondrocyte deformation were evaluated by histomorphometry.
  
  
  METHODS
  Six adult cats were euthanized 16 weeks after unilateral ACL-T. A peak surface pressure of 9 MPa was applied to the fully intact patella and femoral groove cartilages. After in situ fixation under compression, sections from the centre of the indent and from an adjacent unloaded area of the cartilages were analysed. Chondrocyte shape, size, clustering and volumetric fraction were quantified.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Experimental patellar articular cartilage was thicker, contained larger chondrocytes that were more frequently arranged in clusters and had, on average, a larger chondrocyte volumetric fraction compared to contralateral controls. In contrast, the experimental femoral groove cartilage demonstrated little adaptation to ACL-T.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The patellar articular cartilage adapts to short-term ACL-T to a greater extent than femoral groove cartilage. We speculate that differences in the histological parameters of control tissues, such as cartilage thickness and the magnitude and depth distribution of chondrocyte shape, size and volumetric fraction may contribute to predisposing patellar cartilage, and not femoral groove cartilage, to adaptation after ACL-T.
authors.affiliation: The Human Performance Laboratory, Faculties of Kinesiology and Medicine, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Leonard
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Barclay
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Matyas
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Herzog
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D000070598:Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; D002358:Cartilage, Articular / Q000473:pathology*; D002415:Cats; D002448:Cell Adhesion; D048430:Cell Shape; D048429:Cell Size; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D005269:Femur; D006614:Hindlimb; D008297:Male; D010329:Patella; D011312:Pressure; D012212:Rheology