title: Encapsulation and in vitro evaluation of amikacin-loaded erythrocytes.
abstract: The aim of our present work was to establish the effect of the osmolality of the hypotonic buffer on the encapsulated amount and the in vitro properties of Amikacin-loaded erythrocytes. Amikacin was encapsulated in rat erythrocytes using a hypotonic dialysis method with hypotonic buffers of different osmolalities with mean values around 90 and 150 mOsm/kg. Morphological examination of the ghost erythrocytes was accomplished using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The osmotic fragility of normal and loaded erythrocytes was tested using hypotonic solutions. Evaluation of the hematological parameters of the control and loaded erythrocytes was carried out using a hematology system analyzer. Amikacin release from loaded erythrocytes was tested in autologous plasma at 37 degrees C over a 24-h period. The quantification of Amikacin in loaded erythrocytes and in autologous plasma was performed using an HPLC technique. A higher osmotic fragility of loaded erythrocytes was observed using a low osmolality buffer. Some hematological parameters showed statistically significant differences between the loaded erythrocytes obtained using two buffers of different osmolalities with respect to untreated erythrocytes. According to our results, Amikacin carrier erythrocytes obtained by hypotonic dialysis using a low osmolality buffer (90 mOsm/kg) should afford a good encapsulation yield, appropriate morphological properties, and sustained release in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
authors.forename: Carmen Gutiérrez
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Millán
authors.forename: Aránzazu Zarzuelo
authors.initials: AZ
authors.lastname: Castañeda
authors.forename: Francisco González
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: María Luisa Sayalero
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Marinero
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Lanao
authors.forename: Miguel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arévalo
mesh_terms: D000583:Amikacin / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D002626:Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; D003956:Dialysis; D004337:Drug Carriers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D004909:Erythrocyte Indices; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006461:Hemolysis; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D009996:Osmotic Fragility; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004337:Drug Carriers; D007038:Hypotonic Solutions; D000583:Amikacin