title: Dendrimer/methyl methacrylate co-polymers: residual methyl methacrylate and degree of conversion.
abstract: Dendrimer/methyl methacrylate co-polymers were studied for use in dental composites. The aim was to determine the effects of methyl methacrylate concentration in the resin mixture and polymerization method on the degree of conversion and residual monomer content of the copolymers. Two dendrimers were studied, D12 with 12 reactive methacrylate groups and D24 with 24 reactive groups. The concentration of methyl methacrylate varied from 20 wt% to 50 wt% of monomers. Camphorquinone (CQ) was used as the light-activation initiator and 2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as the activator, both in the quantity of 3.0 wt%. Three polymerization methods were used: photo-polymerization, photo-polymerized immediately followed by post-polymerization at 120 degrees C for 15 min, and photo-polymerization followed by postpolymerization after 7 days. The degree of conversion was determined using FT-IR. Residual monomers were extracted with tetrahydrofuran and methanol and analyzed with HPLC. The highest degrees of conversion were 65 and 62%, and the lowest residual monomer contents 1.0 and 1.5% for D12 and D24, respectively. These were measured after heat-induced post-polymerization. For D12, increasing the proportion of methyl methacrylate decreased the degree of conversion and increased the residual monomer content after photo-polymerization. Post-polymerization enhanced the polymerization of the dendrimer co-polymers in respect of degree of conversion and residual monomer content. The present study suggested that the tested dendrimer/methyl methacrylate copolymers require heat-induced polymerization to reach the generally accepted levels of degree of conversion and residual monomers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Research, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Lemminkaisenkatu 2, FI-20520 Turku, Finland. eeva.viljanen@utu.fi
authors.forename: Eeva K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Viljanen
authors.forename: Mikael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Skrifvars
authors.forename: Pekka K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Vallittu
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D050091:Dendrimers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D020366:Methylmethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D050091:Dendrimers; D011108:Polymers; D020366:Methylmethacrylate