title: Communication strategies and interpersonal skills of instructors of esophageal speech: an observation study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In this article, the way that the Instructor of Esophageal Speech (IES) works is considered from an interactive-analytic perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  The observation project data were gathered during 6 months in 2004 at the training sessions of the Ginreikai-Asian Federation of Laryngectomees' Association using the Six Category Intervention Analysis framework (6CIA) by a trained communication specialist as an active-observer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean scores of each of the six categories and a series of percentage distributions were extracted from the usage-frequency data and interpreted together with the results of Chi-square analysis of usage-frequency units. We found the IES used more frequently authoritative categories and used less facilitative categories. Our results of the data analysis show that the 30 IES used more authoritative interventions and used more frequently the prescription and information giving than the confrontation or cathartic interventions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study show that the 6CIA framework has its potential and value as an analytic tool to explore the IES' actual behavior in a specific therapy related context.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We argue for the utility of the 6CIA as an analytic framework to investigate the interpersonal behavior of the IES in the Japanese cultural setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology and Function in the Head and Neck, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama-shi 236 0004, Japan. gabor@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Gabor
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Toth
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsukuda
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel / Q000208:ethnology; D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology; D001318:Authoritarianism; D002399:Catharsis; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002983:Clinical Competence / Q000592:standards*; D003142:Communication; D037001:Directive Counseling; D005260:Female; D006379:Helping Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D007564:Japan; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009633:Nonverbal Communication / Q000523:psychology; D019370:Observation; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D010379:Peer Group; D012657:Self-Help Groups; D012944:Social Support; D013072:Speech, Esophageal / Q000523:psychology*; D014705:Verbal Behavior