title: Postprandial water intake inhibits gastric antral motility with increase of cholecystokinin in humans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of postprandial water intake on the gastrointestinal tract have not been systematically investigated in humans.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 8 healthy volunteers, the gastric antral pressure was measured with a strain gauge transducer, while the esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter pressures were measured with an infused catheter with a Dent sleeve. The esophageal pH at 5 cm above the lower sphincter was measured with a microglass electrode. A standard test meal (560 kcal) was eaten and 500 ml water was ingested 1 h later. The plasma cholecystokinin level was assessed at 4-min intervals. As a control, the same study was done on another day with sham water intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 4 min after water intake, there was a significant decrease in gastric antral motility and a significant increase in the plasma cholecystokinin level. Water intake also significantly increased the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The rapid increase in cholecystokinin after water intake may be initiated by a feedback mechanism related to inflow of fatty chyme into the duodenum that inhibits gastric antral activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Japan. mkusano@showa.gunma-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Motoyasu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kusano
authors.forename: Keiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Minashi
authors.forename: Masaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Maeda
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shimoyama
authors.forename: Shikou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kuribayashi
authors.forename: Tatsuya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: Sayaka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Kawamura
authors.forename: Masatomo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mori
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000097:blood*; D004326:Drinking / Q000502:physiology*; D049630:Esophageal Sphincter, Lower / Q000502:physiology; D005215:Fasting / Q000502:physiology; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology*; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002766:Cholecystokinin