title: New frontiers in calvarial reconstruction: integrating computer-assisted design and tissue engineering in cranioplasty.
abstract: Repair of large and complex calvarial defects remains a particular challenge for reconstruction. The paucity of techniques and materials emphasizes the need for alternative bone formation strategies. Recent integrative approaches suggest that successful reconstruction requires interdisciplinary teams, with surgeons interacting with imaging experts, materials scientists, and engineers. In this review, the authors present an overview of current materials used in calvarial reconstruction. Subsequently, progress in computer-designed prostheses, tissue engineering, and osteoinduction strategies is discussed. Finally, the authors discuss their experience with the integration of computer-aided fabrication of customized implants and tissue engineering for calvarial reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore.
authors.forename: Harvey
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chim
authors.forename: Jan-Thorsten
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Schantz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017076:Computer-Aided Design; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006801:Humans; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012886:Skull / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D023822:Tissue Engineering; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011091:Polyesters; D011108:Polymers; D019344:Lactic Acid; C033616:poly(lactide)