title: Malnutrition and dental caries: a review of the literature.
abstract: Protein-energy malnutrition occurs when there are deficiencies in protein, energy foods or both, relative to a body's needs. This paper reviews the association of early childhood malnutrition with: (1) dental caries, (2) enamel hypoplasia, (3) salivary gland hypofunction, and (4) delayed eruption. Studies suggest that caries of the primary dentition is associated with early childhood malnutrition, though the effect on caries of the permanent dentition has essentially not been studied. Enamel hypoplasia, salivary glandular hypofunction and saliva compositional changes may be mechanisms through which malnutrition is associated with caries, while altered eruption timing may create a challenge in the analysis of age-specific caries rates.
authors.affiliation: Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA. wp9@nyu.edu
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Psoter
authors.forename: B C
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Reid
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Katz
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D015362:Child Nutrition Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003731:Dental Caries / Q000209:etiology*; D003744:Dental Enamel Hypoplasia / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011502:Protein-Energy Malnutrition / Q000150:complications*; D012466:Salivary Gland Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014078:Tooth Eruption