title: PET study of the neuroprotective effect of TRA-418, an antiplatelet agent, in a monkey model of stroke.
abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of TRA-418, an antiplatelet agent, using PET in a monkey model of stroke. TRA-418 is a nonprostanoid compound with dual action: antagonistic effects on thromboxane A(2) receptors and agonistic effects on prostaglandin I(2) receptors.
  
  
  METHODS
  Via a transorbital approach, cynomolgus monkeys underwent a 3-h occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA), followed by reperfusion and observation for 4 d. Starting 2 h after the MCA occlusion, TRA-418 was administered at low and high doses (6 animals at each dose). Six control animals received a bolus and infusion of drug vehicle after MCA occlusion. Steady-state (15)O continuous inhalation was used for assessment of local cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and oxygen extraction fraction using high-resolution PET. Five consecutive PET scans (before occlusion; 2 h after occlusion; and 2 h, 24 h, and 4 d after reperfusion) were obtained for each monkey. The extent of the cerebral damage due to ischemia was measured histologically at 4 d after reperfusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Histologic observation 4 d after MCA occlusion showed that cerebral damage was less (P = 0.05) in animals treated with high-dose TRA-418 than in control animals. Although not affecting cerebral blood flow during the experiments, treatment with TRA-418 significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed reduction of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen after reperfusion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our observations suggest that TRA-418 has neuroprotective action, as displayed in a primate model of stroke using PET monitoring.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan. umemura@hama-med.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Umemura
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsukada
authors.forename: Takeharu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kakiuchi
authors.forename: Naohiro
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hirotoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Matsuura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006801:Humans; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010078:Oxazines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D020521:Stroke / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D010975:Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; C483402:TRA418