title: [Analyses of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Preliminary report].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Definitive diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is possible only after neuropathological confirmation; there are no non-invasive tests which allow to definitely diagnose CJD pre mortem. The only one biochemical marker included in the diagnostic criteria for CJD approved by WHO is an elevated level of 14-3-3 protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of the study was to introduce 14-3-3 analysis for a routine diagnostics of CJD in Poland and to optimise the Western blotting technique used in the Reference Centre of Prion Diseases in Lodz.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed 33 samples of CSF: 17 from patients suspected of CJD (2 definitive, 2 probable, 4 possible, 11 others), and 16 controls (from patients with other neurological diseases). CSF samples were analysed using the Western blotting method and commercially available antibodies (Santa Cruz). We used 2 methods of CSF preparation: with and without lyophilization, and 2 different anti-14-3-3 antibodies: rabbit polyclonal and mouse monoclonal antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We found 14-3-3 protein in both definitive sCJD cases and in one probable case. Among other samples, we obtained a positive result only in one patient with alcohol abuse history and in samples of CSF contaminated with erythrocytes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Western blotting test for 14-3-3 protein in CSF is useful for diagnosis of CJD, but only when considered in an appropriate clinical context, together with other diagnostic criteria. Contamination of CSF with erythrocytes can cause false positive results. Analysis of a non-lyophilised CSF and detection of 14-3-3 protein using the mouse monoclonal antibody gave the most reliable results.
authors.affiliation: Zakład Patologii Molekularnej i Neuropatologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny, Krajowy Ośrodek Chorób Wywołanych przez Priony, ul. Czechosłowacka 8/10, 92-216 Łódź. golanska@wp.pl
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Golańska
authors.forename: Krystyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hułas-Bigoszewska
authors.forename: Beata
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sikorska
authors.forename: Paweł P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Liberski
mesh_terms: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002555:Cerebrospinal Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D007562:Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D011328:Prions / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D048948:14-3-3 Proteins; D015415:Biomarkers; D011328:Prions