title: Physical agent modalities.
abstract: The purpose of this article is to review the use of cold, heat, therapeutic ultrasound, and electrical stimulation in small animal rehabilitation. The material in this article is a compilation from the veterinary and hu-man literature. Additional information is needed on how to adapt the techniques used in human beings to small animals and then to establish the efficacy of these techniques in animals.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA. steisje@vetmed.auburn.edu
authors.forename: Janet E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Steiss
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Levine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D017679:Cryotherapy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D006358:Hot Temperature; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000662:veterinary*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000662:veterinary; D014730:Veterinary Medicine / Q000379:methods*