title: Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced expression of adhesion molecules in human endothelial cells by the saponins derived from roots of Platycodon grandiflorum.
abstract: Adhesion molecules play an important role in the development of atherogenesis and are produced by endothelial cells after being stimulated with various inflammatory cytokines. This study examined the effect of saponins that were isolated from the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC (Campanulaceae), Changkil saponins (CKS), on the cytokine-induced monocyte/human endothelial cell interaction, which is a crucial early event in atherogenesis. CKS significantly inhibited the TNFalpha-induced increase in monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells as well as decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 on endothelial cells. Furthermore, CKS significantly inhibited the TNFalpha-induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of NF-kappaB by preventing IkappaB degradation and inhibiting IkappaB kinase activity. Overall, CKS has anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory activity, which is least in part the result of it reducing the cytokine-induced endothelial adhesion to monocytes by inhibiting intracellular ROS production, NF-kappaB activation, and cell adhesion molecule expression in endothelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Proteineous Materials, Chosun University, Kwangju, South Korea.
authors.forename: Ji Young
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Dong Hee
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyung Gyun
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Gyu-Yong
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Young Chul
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Seong Hwan
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Roh
authors.forename: Hye Gwang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Jeong
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D002460:Cell Line; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000096:biosynthesis; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D031238:Platycodon / Q000737:chemistry*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D012503:Saponins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D019040:E-Selectin; D016328:NF-kappa B; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; D012503:Saponins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019010:Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1