title: Photopolymerized hydrogel carriers for live vaccine ballistic delivery.
abstract: Photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-crosslinked hydrogels were assessed for their ability to serve as a payload vehicle to deliver a viable bacterial vaccine (Brucella abortus strain RB51 (RB51) to bison in Yellowstone National Park) ballistically using thermoplastic degradable Biobullets. PEG modified with degradable glycolide or lactide oligomers capped with photopolymerizable methacrylate groups served to crosslink the hydrogel vaccine carrier inside commercial hydroxypropylcellulose Biobullets. Release of 1 microm diameter model fluorescent particles from hydrogels followed known degradation trends for glycolide- and lactide-modified PEG hydrogels. All particles were released from PEG-co-glycolide hydrogels after approximately 10 days and PEG-co-lactide hydrogels after approximately 45 days following gel degradation. Minimal particle release was observed from pure PEG dimethacrylate hydrogels over 40 days. P. aeruginosa (strain PAO1) and RB51 live vaccines exhibit excellent viability following exposure to photopolymerization encapsulation within these gel matrices. Hydrogels photopolymerized into the payload chamber of Biobullets exhibit similar ballistic properties to commercially available Biobullets and penetrate and remain intact when fired intramuscularly into live elk for release of their gel payload in the host.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, 200 W. Lake St., Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Christie
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Findley
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dunfee
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Grainger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016164:Bison; D002003:Brucella abortus; D002006:Brucellosis / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D003670:Deer; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004355:Drug Stability; D005389:Firearms; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008863:Microspheres; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D011108:Polymers; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D011108:Polymers; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols