title: Long-term follow-up of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas with ultrasonography.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Most intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (IPMNs) have a favorable prognosis. This study was undertaken to clarify the clinical course of IPMNs and to set the criteria for surgical treatment on the basis of long-term follow-up by periodic transabdominal ultrasonography (US).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-one patients with IPMN were periodically subjected to US (>3 years); 27 were reviewed retrospectively (12 with benign neoplasms [adenoma, borderline] and 15 with malignant tumors [carcinoma in situ, invasive cancer]) and 54 prospectively. US examination was focused on the main pancreatic duct (MPD) diameter, cyst diameter, and presence or absence and height of the protruding lesion. Differences between the benign and malignant groups were examined to set the criteria for surgical treatment. Follow-up results of prospective patients were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The increase of the MPD or the cyst diameter was significantly greater in the malignant group (P < .01). Maximum increases of the MPD diameter by 2.2 mm/year, the cyst diameter by 11.3 mm/year, and emergence or increase of the height of the protruding lesion by 3.3 mm/year were predominantly observed in the malignant group (accuracy, 90.9%, 81.3%, and 81.5%, respectively). The majority of the prospective patients showed no significant changes of these parameters; however, 2 patients (3.7%) were operated on, with the post-surgery histopathologic diagnosis of cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Periodic imaging follow-up is useful to detect a malignant IPMN. Changes in MPD diameter, cyst diameter, and/or size of the protruding lesion are the practical criteria for selecting surgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-01 Inohana, Chuoku, Chiba 260-0805, Japan. yama.take@faculty.chiba-u.jp
authors.forename: Taketo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ishihara
authors.forename: Akitoshi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kazuyoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tadenuma
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyazaki
authors.forename: Hiromitsu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Saisho
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D021441:Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002291:Carcinoma, Papillary / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010183:Pancreatic Ducts / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography