title: Initial radiographic evaluation of the spine after trauma: when, what, where, and how to image the acutely traumatized spine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Radiographic evaluation of the spine after an acute traumatic event is an integral part of the initial assessment of the patient. Despite this, an imaging protocol that includes detailed recommendations of the views, modalities, and techniques of radiographic work-up is lacking in the peer-reviewed literature.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The goal of the current review was to suggest a uniform protocol for initial imaging in the traumatized patient and provide a rationale and guidelines to assist in deciding which studies are indicated and at what time they are best obtained.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors' reviewed the available modern, published, English literature, including both peer-reviewed articles and commonly used textbooks, for recommendations concerning which imaging studies are most effective and cost-efficient in detecting spinal injuries in the acute trauma setting. A list of radiologic studies was compiled. A panel of spine surgeon members of the Spine Trauma Study Group, all of whom were highly experienced in trauma management, evaluated the utility and necessity of these imaging studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgeons agreed that the mainstay of initial radiographic evaluation of the spine after acute trauma remains plain radiographs. CT scanning remains the best mode of delineating the bony details of a spinal injury and should be used to characterize all bony injuries identified on plain radiographs. As CT technology continues to improve, it is likely to play an even greater role as an initial screening tool. The role for MRI continues to expand, particularly in detecting the soft tissue components of injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: France
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Bono
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Vaccaro
mesh_terms: D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D013119:Spinal Cord Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods*