title: Studies on the influence of power ultrasound on dye penetration in leather dyeing using photomicrographic analysis.
abstract: The use of power ultrasound in enhancing diffusion rate in various chemical as well as physical processes is gaining in importance. The influence of power ultrasound in the leather dyeing process on enhancing the penetration of dye through the leather matrix was studied. The penetration of dye through a leather cross-section for a given time in the presence and absence of an ultrasonic field (33 kHz, 150 W) was studied by photomicrographic analysis using a stereomicroscope. Different types of black dyes, such as Acid black 1, Metal complex black 194 and Direct black 155, were used for dyeing leather in the present study. Photomicrographic analysis of a cross-section of dyed leather indicated better penetration of dyes through the leather matrix with the use of ultrasound than without it. Therefore, the results indicate that ultrasound helps to improve the diffusion of dye and to reduce diffusional resistance in the leather dyeing process.
authors.affiliation: Chemical Engineering Division, Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, India. vsivagi@yahoo.com
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sivakumar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Rao