title: Is the 1:4 elutriation ratio reliable? Ecotoxicological comparison of four different sediment: water proportions.
abstract: Methodological research was carried out to evaluate the discriminatory capability of three toxicity bioassays toward different elutriation ratios (1:4, 1:20, 1:50, and 1:200 sediment:water ratios). Samples from six sampling stations of the Lagoon of Venice have been investigated. The toxicity bioassay results (sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus Lmk sperm cell and embryo toxicity bioassays and bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas Thunberg embryo toxicity bioassays) have shown that elutriates generated from the widely used 1:4 ratio were less toxic than those from intermediate ratios (1:20 and 1:50).
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Venice, Campo della Celestia 2737/b, I 30122 Venice, Italy.
authors.forename: A Arizzi
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Novelli
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Losso
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Libralato
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Tagliapietra
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pantani
authors.forename: A Volpi
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Ghirardini
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D049896:Crassostrea / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects; D047108:Embryonic Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000187:drug effects; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D012617:Sea Urchins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology / Q000502:physiology; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013440:Sulfides / Q000032:analysis; D018675:Toxicity Tests / Q000379:methods*; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D013440:Sulfides; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014867:Water; D000641:Ammonia