title: Copolymer effects on microglia and T cells in the central nervous system of humanized mice.
abstract: The random amino acid copolymers FYAK and VWAK ameliorate EAE in a humanized mouse model expressing both a human transgenic myelin basic protein (MBP)85-99-specific T cell receptor and HLA-DR2. Here we show that microglia isolated from the central nervous system (CNS) of humanized mice with EAE induced by MBP85-99 and treated with these copolymers had reduced expression of HLA-DR, and thus reduced capacity to present MBP85-99 and activate transgenic T cells. In vitro microglia up-regulated empty HLA-DR2 upon activation with GM-CSF with or without LPS or IFN-gamma, but not with IL-4 or IL-10. Correspondingly, gene chip arrays showed that the CNS of untreated and YFAK-treated mice differentially expressed pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules during MBP85-99-induced EAE. Interestingly, microglia expressed the full-length gammabeta and alphabeta subunits of the tetrameric adaptor protein complexes AP-1 and AP-2 respectively, but after treatment with GM-CSF these complexes were cleaved, as had been found in immature dendritic cells derived from bone marrow. Strikingly, in vivo the perivascular lymphocyte infiltration seen in untreated mice immunized with MBP85-99 was composed of equal numbers of hVbeta2+ MPB85-99-specific transgenic and hVbeta2- endogenous T cells, while the much smaller infiltration seen after treatment with YFAK was composed predominantly of hVbeta2- endogenous T cells.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurological Diseases, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02138, USA.
authors.forename: Zsolt
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Illes
authors.forename: Joel N H
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Stern
authors.forename: Derin B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Keskin
authors.forename: Jayagopala
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reddy
authors.forename: Celia F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Brosnan
authors.forename: Hanspeter
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Waldner
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Santambrogio
authors.forename: Vijay K
authors.initials: VK
authors.lastname: Kuchroo
authors.forename: Jack L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Strominger
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation / Q000276:immunology; D004681:Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D017628:Microglia / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D009842:Oligopeptides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D015802:HLA-DR2 Antigen; D004676:Myelin Basic Protein; D009842:Oligopeptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; C107908:myelin basic protein 85-99