title: Cephalometric norms for the Saudi children living in the western region of Saudi Arabia: a research report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have established specific cephalometric norms for children with different ethnic backgrounds, showing different facial features for each group. Up till now, there is a paucity of information about the cephalometric features of Saudi children living in the western region of Saudi Arabia, who have distinct social and climatic characteristics. The aim of the present study was to establish cephalometric norms for children living in the western region of Saudi Arabia.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 62 lateral cephalometric radiographs of Saudis (33 females and 29 males; aged 9-12 years) having good facial proportions and Class I dental occlusion, were traced and analyzed. Using the t-test, the mean value, standard deviation and the range of 20 angular and linear variables were calculated and compared to norms of adult Saudis living in the Western region of Saudi Arabia using the t-test. Male and female groups were also compared using the t- test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Saudi children tend to have a significantly shorter and lower face height, a larger angle of convexity, and more proclined and protruded incisors when compared with adult Saudis (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between male and female groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Saudi children have distinct cephalometric features, which should be used as a reference in the orthodontic treatment of young Saudi patients.
authors.affiliation: Preventive Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. alihabib169@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ali H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Hassan
mesh_terms: D002508:Cephalometry / Q000592:standards*; D002648:Child; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012529:Saudi Arabia; D012737:Sex Factors