A role for G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) in the central nervous system.
G-CSF (Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor) is a hematopoietic growth factor that has been known for 20 years, and has been named for its role in the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the myeloic lineage. We have uncovered a novel spectrum of activities of G-CSF in the central nervous system. G-CSF and its receptor are expressed by neurons in many brain regions, and are upregulated upon experimental stroke. In neurons, G-CSF acts anti-apoptotically by activating several protective pathways. In vivo, G-CSF decreases infarct volumes in acute stroke models in rodents. Moreover, G-CSF stimulates neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem cells in the brain, and improves long-term recovery in more chronic stroke models. Thus, G-CSF is a novel neurotrophic factor, and a highly attractive candidate for the treatment of neurodegenerative conditions. Here we discuss this new property of G-CSF in contrast to its known functions in the hematopoietic system, summarize data from other groups on G-CSF's actions in cerebral ischemia, compare G-CSF to Erythropoietin (EPO) in the CNS, and highlight clinical implications.
Schneider
Armin
A
Axaron Bioscience AG, Heidelberg, Germany. schneider@axaron.de
Kuhn
Hans-Georg
HG
Schäbitz
Wolf-Rüdigger
WR
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000378:metabolism; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006410:Hematopoiesis
D004921:Erythropoietin; D016179:Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor