title: Leptosins isolated from marine fungus Leptoshaeria species inhibit DNA topoisomerases I and/or II and induce apoptosis by inactivation of Akt/protein kinase B.
abstract: DNA topoisomerases (topo) I and II are molecular targets of several potent anticancer agents. Thus, inhibitors of these enzymes are potential candidates or model compounds for anticancer drugs. Leptosins (Leps) F and C, indole derivatives, were isolated from a marine fungus, Leptoshaeria sp. as cytotoxic substances. In vitro cytotoxic effects of Lep were measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide-based viability assay. Lep F inhibited the activity of topos I and II, whereas Lep C inhibited topo I in vitro. Interestingly both of the compounds were found to be catalytic inhibitors of topo I, as evidenced by the lack of stabilization of reaction intermediate cleavable complex (CC), as camptothecin (CPT) does stabilize. Furthermore, Lep C inhibited the CC stabilization induced by CPT in vitro. In vivo band depletion analysis demonstrated that Lep C likewise appeared not to stabilize CC, and inhibited CC formation by CPT, indicating that Lep C is also a catalytic inhibitor of topo I in vivo. Cell cycle analysis of Lep C-treated cells showed that Lep C appeared to inhibit the progress of cells from G(1) to S phase. Lep C induced apoptosis in RPMI8402 cells, as revealed by the accumulation of cells in sub-G(1) phase, activation of caspase-3 and the nucleosomal degradation of chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, Leps F and C inhibited the Akt pathway, as demonstrated by dose-dependent and time-dependent dephosphorylation of Akt (Ser473). Our study shows that Leps are a group of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents with single or dual catalytic inhibitory activities against topos I and II.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bioinformatics, Soka University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Miyako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagihara
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sasaki-Takahashi
authors.forename: Tetsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugahara
authors.forename: Seiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shinomi
authors.forename: Izumi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayashida
authors.forename: Banri
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yamanoha
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: Takao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamori
authors.forename: Toshiwo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Andoh
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005658:Fungi / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D026121:Indole Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000166:cytology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D026121:Indole Alkaloids; D059004:Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; D059005:Topoisomerase II Inhibitors; C507012:leptosin C; C507013:leptosin F; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt