title: Hepatitis C virus and HIV co-infection in people with severe mental illness and substance use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The 5-7% of adults in the United States with severe mental illness (SMI), especially the 50% who are 'dually diagnosed' with co-occurring substance use disorders (SUD), are at an elevated risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, little is known about HIV/HCV co-infection in this population. This paper examines the prevalence and correlates of HIV, hepatitis C, and HIV/HCV co-infection in a large, multisite sample of SMI clients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a re-analysis of data on prevalence and correlates of blood-borne infections in a multisite sample of SMI clients.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1997-1998, 755 SMI clients were tested for HIV, hepatitis B virus and HCV, and assessed for demographic, illness-related and other behavioral risk factors for blood-borne infections. The prevalence and correlates of co-infection were examined, as well as the knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviors of individuals with HCV mono-infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 755 participants, 623 (82.5%) were negative for both HIV and HCV, 23 (3.0%) were positive for HIV, 109 (14.4%) were positive for HCV, and 13 (1.7%) were co-infected with HIV and HCV. Overall, 2.5% of dually diagnosed participants were co-infected, whereas only 0.6% of SMI participants without a comorbid SUD diagnosis were co-infected. Co-infection was associated with psychiatric illness severity, ongoing drug abuse, poverty, homelessness, incarceration, urban residence and minority status. HCV-mono-infected clients continued to engage in high levels of risk behavior for HIV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In addition to efforts to identify and treat SMI patients with HIV/HCV co-infection, HCV-mono-infected clients should be targeted for prevention interventions.
authors.affiliation: Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA. stanley.d.rosenberg@dartmouth.edu
authors.forename: Stanley D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: Mary F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Brunette
authors.forename: George L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Wolford
authors.forename: Bryan J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications* / Q000635:transmission; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology