title: Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase causes increased sensitivity to radiation through a PKB-dependent mechanism.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify whether inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) causes increased radiosensitivity through inhibition of protein kinase B (PKB), implicating PKB as an important therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was treated with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, radiation, and combinations of the two therapies. Apoptosis and survival were measured by cell cycle analysis, Western blot analysis for cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and clonogenic survival. To test the hypothesis that inhibition of PKB is responsible for LY294002-induced radiosensitivity, LNCaP cells expressing a constitutively active form of PKB were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The combination of PI3K inhibition and radiation caused an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in clonogenic survival when compared to either modality alone. The expression of constitutively activated PKB blocked apoptosis induced by combination of PI3K inhibition and radiation and prevented radiosensitization by LY294002.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data indicate that PI3K inhibition increases sensitivity of prostate cancer cell lines to ionizing radiation through inactivation of PKB. Therefore, PTEN mutations, which lead to PKB activation, may play an important role in the resistance of prostate cancer to radiation therapy. Targeted therapy against PKB could be beneficial in the management of prostate cancer patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-1708, USA. gottschalk@radonc17.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Gottschalk
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Doan
authors.forename: Jean L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stokoe
authors.forename: Daphne A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haas-Kogan
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D002867:Chromones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009025:Morpholines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D002867:Chromones; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009025:Morpholines; D000081082:Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; D011838:Radiation-Sensitizing Agents; C085911:2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; D058534:Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; C484760:PIK3CA protein, human