title: [The historical evolution of obstetrician formation].
abstract: The evaluation of the historical development of obstetrician formation presents features of great modernity. At the end of the XVIII century in Florence the first School of Obstetrics for midwives was established. In the School two relevant complementary formative approaches were privileged: ex cathedra didactics and clinical training. The basic tools for these educational methodologies were constituted by handbook production and by wax anatomical models, the latter a field for the meeting and confrontation of surgeons and craftsmen. The historical-social scenario in which this original evolution took place was Tuscany society in the period of Enlightenment, that promoted the formation of professional figures capable of managing natural childbirth in an autonomous way, while nevertheless placing them under a previously lacking health policy control. In this cultural environment particularly impressive was the influence of J.P. Frank (Austria and Lombardy), but also present were other forces, deriving from other European countries, that aimed at including the formation of obstetricians in a scientific programme, thus excluding an unguarded non-structured training.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Anatomia, Istologia e Medicina Legale, Università degli Studi di Firenze.
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lippi
authors.forename: Andrea A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Conti
authors.forename: Gian Franco
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gensini
mesh_terms: D004501:Education, Medical / Q000266:history; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008880:Midwifery / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D009321:Natural Childbirth / Q000266:history; D009774:Obstetrics / Q000193:education / Q000266:history*; D011247:Pregnancy