title: Computer-aided detection in the United Kingdom National Breast Screening Programme: prospective study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate prospectively the recall and cancer detection rates with and without computer-aided detection (CAD) in the United Kingdom National Health Service Breast Screening Programme.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study had appropriate ethics committee approval. Informed consent was not required; however, patients were informed that their mammograms might be used in research efforts, and all patients agreed to participate. Mammograms obtained in 6111 women (mean age, 58.4 years) undergoing routine screening every 3 years were analyzed with a CAD system. Mammograms were independently double read. Twelve readers participated. Readers recorded an initial evaluation, viewed the CAD prompts, and recorded a final evaluation. Recall to assessment was decided after arbitration. Sensitivities were calculated for single reading, single reading with CAD, and double reading, as a proportion of the total number of cancers detected by using double reading with CAD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 62 cancers were detected in 61 women. CAD prompted 51 (84%) of 61 radiographically detected cancers. Of 12 cancers missed on single reading, nine were correctly prompted; however, seven prompts were overruled by the reader. Sensitivity of single reading was 90.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.0%, 95.0%), single reading with CAD was 91.5% (95% CI: 85.0%, 96.0%), and double reading without CAD was 98.4% (95% CI: 91.0%, 100%). Cancer detection rate was 1%. Recall to assessment rate was 6.1%, with an increase of 5.8% because of CAD. Average time required, per reader, to read a case was 25 seconds without CAD and 45 seconds with CAD.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CAD increases sensitivity of single reading by 1.3%, whereas double reading increases sensitivity by 8.2%.
authors.affiliation: Radiology Department, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Rd, London SW17 0QT, England.
authors.forename: Lisanne A L
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Khoo
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: Rosalind M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Given-Wilson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D016001:Confidence Intervals; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008327:Mammography / Q000592:standards*; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000379:methods*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009313:National Health Programs; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology