title: Two isoforms of a divalent metal transporter (DMT1) in Schistosoma mansoni suggest a surface-associated pathway for iron absorption in schistosomes.
abstract: We describe two homologues of the mammalian divalent metal transporter (DMT1) for Schistosoma mansoni, a pathogenic intravascular parasite of humans. Schistosomes have a high nutritional and metabolic demand for iron. Nucleotide sequences of the parasite homologues, designated SmDMT1A and -B, are identical in all but the 5'-regions. The predicted amino acid sequences share at least 60% identity with DMT1 (=Nramp2) of humans, mice, and rats, and at least 55% identity with Nramp1 from mice, humans and Caenorhabditis elegans. SmDMT1A is expressed in differentiating eggs, miracidia, cercariae, schistosomula, and adults, whereas SmDMT1B is expressed in all but the miracidium and occurs at lower levels than SmDMT1A in differentiating eggs and cercariae. An iron-responsive element, present at the 3'-untranslated region of many DMT1 molecules, is not present in schistosome mRNAs studied here. A Western blot analysis of adult worm preparations using a homologous rabbit serum raised against a schistosome DMT1 peptide and a heterologous serum raised against mammalian DMT1, revealed a band approximating 115 kDa. By immunofluorescence microscopy, the schistosome DMT1s localize primarily to the tegument. Iron uptake assays demonstrated that SmDMT1s were able to rescue yeast growth in ferrous iron-transport deficient yeast (fet3fet4). The results suggest that schistosomes express molecules for ferrous iron transport in their tegument, suggesting trans-tegumental transport as one means of iron acquisition for these parasites.
authors.affiliation: Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, 4029 Queensland, Australia.
authors.forename: Danielle J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Smyth
authors.forename: Amber
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Glanfield
authors.forename: Donald P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McManus
authors.forename: Elke
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hacker
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Greg J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Malcolm K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017173:Caenorhabditis elegans; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005091:Exons; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D012984:Software; D013499:Surface Properties; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D007501:Iron; D033862:Iron-Binding Proteins; D020033:Protein Isoforms; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000099173:Natural Resistance-associated Macrophage Protein 1; D000099236:Solute Carrier Family 11, Member 2