title: A rigorous method for multigenic families' functional annotation: the peptidyl arginine deiminase (PADs) proteins family example.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  large scale and reliable proteins' functional annotation is a major challenge in modern biology. Phylogenetic analyses have been shown to be important for such tasks. However, up to now, phylogenetic annotation did not take into account expression data (i.e. ESTs, Microarrays, SAGE, ...). Therefore, integrating such data, like ESTs in phylogenetic annotation could be a major advance in post genomic analyses. We developed an approach enabling the combination of expression data and phylogenetic analysis. To illustrate our method, we used an example protein family, the peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs), probably implied in Rheumatoid Arthritis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  the analysis was performed as follows: we built a phylogeny of PAD proteins from the NCBI's NR protein database. We completed the phylogenetic reconstruction of PADs using an enlarged sequence database containing translations of ESTs contigs. We then extracted all corresponding expression data contained in EST database This analysis allowed us 1/To extend the spectrum of homologs-containing species and to improve the reconstruction of genes' evolutionary history. 2/To deduce an accurate gene expression pattern for each member of this protein family. 3/To show a correlation between paralogous sequences' evolution rate and pattern of tissular expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  coupling phylogenetic reconstruction and expression data is a promising way of analysis that could be applied to all multigenic families to investigate the relationship between molecular and transcriptional evolution and to improve functional annotation.
authors.affiliation: EA 3781, Evolution Biologique, Université de Provence, 3 pl. V. Hugo, 13331 Marseille Cedex 03, France. npbalandraud@yahoo.fr
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Balandraud
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gouret
authors.forename: E G J
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Danchin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blanc
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zinn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Roudier
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pontarotti
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics; D019295:Computational Biology; D020451:Contig Mapping; D030541:Databases, Genetic; D030562:Databases, Protein; D019143:Evolution, Molecular; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D015870:Gene Expression; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015723:Gene Library; D016678:Genome; D015894:Genome, Human; D023281:Genomics; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D015233:Models, Statistical; D005810:Multigene Family; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D010802:Phylogeny; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases; D011506:Proteins; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D006867:Hydrolases; D000076342:Protein-Arginine Deiminases