title: Smoking and hip fracture; a study of 3617 cases.
abstract: We analysed the characteristics and outcome for 467 hip fracture patients, who reported that they were currently smoking at the time of admission, against 3150 non-smoking hip fracture patients. Those patients who smoked were younger (72 years versus 81 years mean age), more likely to be male (35.3% versus 19.5%), more mobile and less likely to be living in institutional care (7.5% versus 25.0%). Preoperative outcomes and complication rates were similar, despite the smokers' relative youth. Mortality at 30 days was similar for the two groups (6.2% versus 7.6%), but lower for the smokers at one year (22.7% versus 27.6%). However, with adjustment for the younger age and sex of these patients, this difference in mortality was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that smoking results in hip fracture occurring at a younger age. Despite this, the outcome for smokers was similar to that for the average hip fracture patient.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Department, Peterborough District General Hospital, Thorpe Road, Peterborough PE3 6NA, UK. phillip.johnston@nnuh.nhs.uk
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: K S
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Gurusamy
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004739:England / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006620:Hip Fractures / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000453:epidemiology*