title: Solution structure of the C-terminal transcriptional activator domain of FixJ from Sinorhizobium meliloti and its recognition of the fixK promoter.
abstract: FixJ is a response regulator of the two-component signal transduction pathway involved in the transcriptional activation of nitrogen fixation genes of Sinorhizobium meliloti. Upon phosphorylation, FixJ transcriptionally activates the fixK and nifA promoters. We identified a FixJ recognition sequence of 16 bp in the high affinity binding site of the fixK promoter by means of a gel shift assay. In addition, the solution structure of the truncated C-terminal DNA binding domain of FixJ (FixJC) was solved by NMR spectroscopy. FixJC contains five alpha-helices that encode a typical helix-turn-helix motif as a potential DNA binding core with the highest structural similarity toward the C-terminal DNA binding domain of NarL. The addition of the DNA fragment containing the recognition sequence of the high affinity FixJ binding site resulted in intermediate to slow exchange interactions on the NMR time scale in the spectrum of FixJC, while the exchange was rapid in the case of control DNA. These spectral data suggest that more than one molecule of FixJC binds to the recognition sequence, although FixJC alone is present in monomeric form in solution. This result is consistent with a scenario in which a transcriptionally active species of FixJ is a homodimer of the phosphorylated form.
authors.affiliation: Yokohama City University, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
authors.forename: Kaori
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kurashima-Ito
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasai
authors.forename: Kaito
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hosono
authors.forename: Koji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tamura
authors.forename: Soichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Oue
authors.forename: Miho
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isogai
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Hiro
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Yoshitsugu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shiro
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D001665:Binding Sites; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019906:Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D016962:Sinorhizobium meliloti / Q000235:genetics*; D012996:Solutions; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D029968:Escherichia coli Proteins; D012996:Solutions; D015534:Trans-Activators; C069780:NarL protein, E coli; C066628:FixK protein, Bacteria; C069289:FixJ protein, Bacteria