title: A network of genetic events sufficient to convert normal human cells to a tumorigenic state.
abstract: Although great progress has been made at identifying and characterizing individual genes involved in cancer, less is known about how the combination of such genes collaborate to form tumors in humans. To this end, we sought to genetically recreate tumorigenesis in normal human cells using genes altered in human cancer. We now show that expression of mammalian proteins that inactivate the tumor suppressors Rb and p53 in conjunction with the oncoproteins Ras and Myc and the telomerase subunit hTERT is sufficient to drive a number of normal human somatic cells to a tumorigenic fate. This provides a blueprint of the events that lead to human cancer, allowing different cancers to be genetically modeled from normal human cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.
authors.forename: S DiSean
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Kendall
authors.forename: Corinne M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Linardic
authors.forename: Stacey J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Adam
authors.forename: Christopher M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Counter
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D042361:Mammary Glands, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D051379:Mice; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D019098:Telomerase / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018631:ras Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016160:Retinoblastoma Protein; C495901:TP53 protein, human; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D019938:Cyclin D1; D019098:Telomerase; D018631:ras Proteins