title: Serological markers of autoimmunity in patients infected with hepatitis C virus: impact of HIV co-infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We sought to evaluate the prevalence, predictors and significance of autoantibody expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with or without HIV co-infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review of laboratory and histologic data for all patients with CHC who had a liver biopsy available. HIV status was documented in all patients. Results analyzed in SPSS10, Chicago, IL, a p value <0.05 was considered significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  170 patients with hepatitis C viremia, including 107 (63%) HIV co-infection, who had testing for anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) or anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) were included in the study. Overall, 63% (74/117) of patients were ASMA seropositive and 6% (9/153) were positive for ANA. All 117 patients tested for AMA were negative. HIV co-infected patients were significantly more likely to be ASMA positive 71% (53/75) compared to those with hepatitis C alone (50%) [P=0.026]. There were no significant differences in age, gender, race, risk group, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels or grade of inflammation on histology between autoantibody positive and negative patients. ASMA positive patients had significantly higher globulin levels (P=0.036) and a trend towards more bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients with autoantibody expression rarely had histologic features of AIH.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high rate of ASMA seropositivity in our cohort of patients with chronic hepatitis C, and HIV co-infection was associated with significantly higher rates of ASMA expression. Autoantibody expression was not associated with demographic or clinical characteristics and does not necessarily preclude antiviral therapy.
authors.affiliation: Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Cook County Hospital, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. Oluwatoyin_adeyemi@rush.edu
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Adeyemi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Attar
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ghaoui
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Cotler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000097:blood; D015551:Autoimmunity; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000276:immunology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D001323:Autoantibodies; D015415:Biomarkers