Sclerotherapy for gastric fundal variceal bleeding: is complete obliteration possible without cyanoacrylate?
BACKGROUND
Many studies have suggested that endoscopic obliteration using cyanoacrylate for bleeding gastric fundal varices is effective. However, serious complications by injection of cyanoacrylate into varices have also been reported.


METHODS
Thirty patients with bleeding gastric fundal varices underwent endoscopic injection sclerotherapy using 5% ethanolamine oleate under fluoroscopic guidance plus infusion of vasopressin and a transdermal nitroglycerin patch. The injection of 5% ethanolamine oleate was continued until it filled the varices and their feeder veins under fluoroscopic guidance. The injection needle was removed while thrombin glue was sprayed at the puncture site through the side hole of the injector needle to prevent bleeding from the puncture site.


RESULTS
Complete hemostasis was achieved in 28/30 patients (93.3%). The cumulative rebleeding rate after 1, 3 and 5 years was 13%, 19% and 19%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative mortality rates were 31%, 54% and 59%, respectively. There was no complication related to infusion of vasopressin and sclerotherapy procedure.


CONCLUSIONS
The sclerotherapy method carried out using 5% ethanolamine oleate combined with infusion of vasopressin under fluoroscopic guidance might be a feasible method for obliteration of gastric fundal varices as an alternative to cyanoacrylate.
Kojima
Kuniyuki
K
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara-shi, Nara, Japan.
Imazu
Hiroo
H
Matsumura
Masahiko
M
Honda
Yasuhiro
Y
Umemoto
Norie
N
Moriyasu
Hirohito
H
Orihashi
Toru
T
Uejima
Masanobu
M
Morioka
Chie
C
Komeda
Yoriaki
Y
Uemura
Masato
M
Yoshiji
Hitoshi
H
Fukui
Hiroshi
H
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003487:Cyanoacrylates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D005748:Gastric Fundus; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000401:mortality / Q000628:therapy*; D016558:Hemostasis, Endoscopic; D006490:Hemostatics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015911:Sclerotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000627:therapeutic use
D003487:Cyanoacrylates; D006490:Hemostatics; D009829:Oleic Acids; D012597:Sclerosing Solutions; D014667:Vasopressins; D005996:Nitroglycerin; C033343:ethanolamine oleate