title: A randomized controlled trial of the effect of real-time telemedicine support on glycemic control in young adults with type 1 diabetes (ISRCTN 46889446).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether a system of telemedicine support can improve glycemic control in type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 9-month randomized trial compared glucose self-monitoring real-time result transmission and feedback of results for the previous 24 h in the control group with real-time graphical phone-based feedback for the previous 2 weeks together with nurse-initiated support using a web-based graphical analysis of glucose self-monitoring results in the intervention group. All patients aged 18-30 years with HbA(1c) (A1C) levels of 8-11% were eligible for inclusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 93 patients (55 men) with mean diabetes duration (means +/- SD) 12.1 +/- 6.7 years were recruited from a young adult clinic. In total, the intervention and control groups transmitted 29,765 and 21,400 results, respectively. The corresponding median blood glucose levels were 8.9 mmol/l (interquartile range 5.4-13.5) and 10.3 mmol/l (6.5-14.4) (P < 0.0001). There was a reduction in A1C in the intervention group after 9 months from 9.2 +/- 1.1 to 8.6 +/- 1.4% (difference 0.6% [95% CI 0.3-1.0]) and a reduction in A1C in the control group from 9.3 +/- 1.5 to 8.9 +/- 1.4% (difference 0.4% [0.03-0.7]). This difference in change in A1C between groups was not statistically significant (0.2% [-0.2 to 0.7, P = 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Real-time telemedicine transmission and feedback of information about blood glucose results with nurse support is feasible and acceptable to patients, but to significantly improve glycemic control, access to real-time decision support for medication dosing and changes in diet and exercise may be required.
authors.affiliation: Division of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. andrew.farmer@dphpc.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Andrew J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Oliver J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Gibson
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dudley
authors.forename: Kathryn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bryden
authors.forename: Paul M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Hayton
authors.forename: Lionel
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Tarassenko
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Neil
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D015190:Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006296:Health Services; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007328:Insulin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D020407:Internet; D008297:Male; D017216:Telemedicine / Q000379:methods*; D013689:Telephone
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin