title: TNF-alpha sensitizes normal and fibrotic human lung fibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis.
abstract: Pulmonary accumulation of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IFP/UIP) has been linked to (1) increased migration of a circulating pool of fibrocytes, (2) cell proliferation, and (3) resistance to apoptosis. The mechanism of physiologic apoptosis of lung fibroblasts is poorly understood. Using normal and fibrotic human lung fibroblasts and the human lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5, we examined the regulation of Fas-induced apoptosis by the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma. Herein, we show that the basal resistance of lung fibroblasts and myofibroblasts to Fas-induced apoptosis is overcome by sensitization with TNF-alpha. IFN-gamma did not sensitize cells to Fas-induced apoptosis, but exhibited synergistic activity with TNF-alpha. Sensitization by TNF-alpha was observed in MRC-5 cells and in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts from normal and fibrotic human lung, suggesting that this represents a conserved mechanism to engage Fas-induced apoptosis. The mechanism of sensitization was localized at the level of recruitment of the adapter protein, FADD, to the cytoplasmic domain of Fas. Collectively, these findings suggest that fibroblast apoptosis involves two steps, sensitization and induction, and that inadequate pulmonary inflammation in IPF/UIP may favor fibroblast accumulation by reducing sensitization to apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
authors.forename: Stephen K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Frankel
authors.forename: Gregory P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Cosgrove
authors.forename: Seung-Ick
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Carlyne D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Cool
authors.forename: Murry W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Wynes
authors.forename: Benjamin L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Edelman
authors.forename: Kevin K
authors.initials: KK
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: David W H
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Riches
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000502:physiology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D019014:fas Receptor
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; C505533:FADD protein, human; C491901:FAS protein, human; D053200:Fas-Associated Death Domain Protein; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D007371:Interferon-gamma