title: Development, progression, and regression of microalbuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes under tight glycemic and blood pressure control: the Kashiwa study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal of this study was to know the fate of albuminuria in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes under tight blood pressure and glycemic control.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients having normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion <30 mg/g creatinine, n = 179) or microalbuminuria (albumin excretion 30-299 mg/g creatinine, n = 94) at baseline have been followed up for 8 years: ratio of men to women was 160/113, the mean age was 58 years, pretreatment HbA(1c) (A1C) was 8.8%, and blood pressure was 136/76 mmHg. A1C <6.5% and blood pressure <130/80 mmHg were targeted, and the A1C of 6.5 +/- 0.7% (mean +/- SD) and blood pressure of 127 +/- 11/72 +/- 6 mmHg have been maintained during the 8 years. Development of microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria (albumin excretion > or =300 mg/g creatinine) in initially normoalbuminuric patients and progression to macroalbuminuria or regression to normoalbuminuria in initially microalbuminuric patients were assessed at year 8.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Development occurred in 27 (15%) of the normoalbuminuric patients and progression and regression in 16 (17%) and 20 (21%), respectively, of the microalbuminuric patients. Significant independent relationships existed between development and higher achieved mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) and regression and lower achieved mean SBP. In the patients with achieved mean SBP <120 mmHg, development was 3%, progression was 11%, and regression was 44% during 8 years. Prediction for nephropathy by blood pressure and glycemia alone was limited. Nevertheless, albumin excretion at year 8 was positively correlated with achieved mean SBP and baseline albuminuria.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Development and progression were low and regression was high with SBP of 120 mmHg, provided A1C was maintained at 6.5%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Kashiwa City Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Mitsuhisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komatsu
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Komiya
authors.forename: Yasuhiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyahara
authors.forename: Yukino
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shima
authors.forename: Mitsuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Matsuzaki
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Reiko
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mita
authors.forename: Mika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Furusato
authors.forename: Kazue
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Aizawa
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria; D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000652:urine*; D018450:Disease Progression; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin