title: Safe use of cellular telephones in hospitals: fundamental principles and case studies.
abstract: Many industries and individuals have embraced cellular telephones. They provide mobile, synchronous communication, which could hypothetically increase the efficiency and safety of inpatient healthcare. However, reports of early analog cellular telephones interfering with critical life-support machines had led many hospitals to strictly prohibit cellular telephones. A literature search revealed that individual hospitals now are allowing cellular telephone use with various policies to prevent electromagnetic interference with medical devices. The fundamental principles underlying electromagnetic interference are immunity, frequency, modulation technology, distance, and power Electromagnetic interference risk mitigation methods based on these principles have been successfully implemented. In one case study, a minimum distance between cellular telephones and medical devices is maintained, with restrictions in critical areas. In another case study, cellular telephone coverage is augmented to automatically control the power of the cellular telephone. While no uniform safety standard yet exists, cellular telephones can be safely used in hospitals when their use is managed carefully.
authors.affiliation: UC Davis Health System, USA.
authors.forename: Ted
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Willard S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Joseph J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bakuzonis
authors.forename: Yadin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: W David
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Paperman
mesh_terms: D040421:Cell Phone / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005431:Florida; D006761:Hospitals; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013781:Texas