title: Functional recovery of biofilm bacterial communities after copper exposure.
abstract: Potential of bacterial communities in biofilms to recover after copper exposure was investigated. Biofilms grown outdoor in shallow water on glass dishes were exposed in the laboratory to 0.6, 2.1, 6.8 micromol/l copper amended surface water and a reference and subsequently to un-amended surface water. Transitions of bacterial communities were characterised with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and community-level physiological profiles (CLPP). Exposure to 6.8 micromol/l copper provoked distinct changes in DGGE profiles of bacterial consortia, which did not reverse upon copper depuration. Exposure to 2.1 and 6.8 micromol/l copper was found to induce marked changes in CLPP of bacterial communities that proved to be reversible during copper depuration. Furthermore, copper exposure induced the development of copper-tolerance, which was partially lost during depuration. It is concluded that bacterial communities exposed to copper contaminated water for a period of 26 days are capable to restore their metabolic attributes after introduction of unpolluted water in aquaria for 28 days.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands. marie-elene.boivin@rivm.nl
authors.forename: Marie-Elène Y
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Boivin
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Massieux
authors.forename: Anton M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Breure
authors.forename: Gerdit D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Greve
authors.forename: Michiel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rutgers
authors.forename: Wim
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Admiraal
mesh_terms: D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D018441:Biofilms / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003300:Copper / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel / Q000379:methods; D005618:Fresh Water; D013997:Time Factors; D014131:Trace Elements / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D014131:Trace Elements; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D003300:Copper