title: Impaired transcriptional upregulation of Parkin promoter variant under oxidative stress and proteasomal inhibition: clinical association.
abstract: We provided data to show that the transcriptional activity of wildtype -258T in the parkin promoter region was significantly higher than the -258G variant in human cell lines. The transcriptional activity of wildtype -258T was significantly increased under oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide, but this was not observed for the -258G variant. The transcriptional upregulation was significantly higher for wildtype -258T compared to -258G variant at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mM of hydrogen peroxide. Similar results were obtained when the cells were treated with a proteasome inhibitor, MG132.Furthermore, in a case control study involving 753 subjects, we demonstrated that the parkin promoter -258G variant was associated with an increased risk of sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) in the elderly ethnic Chinese population. Our clinical and laboratory data provide corroborative evidence that some older individuals who have the -258G variant may have a higher risk of developing PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Road, 169608, Singapore, Singapore. gnrtek@sgh.com.sg
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: K Y
authors.initials: KY
authors.lastname: Puong
authors.forename: D K Y
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yew
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fook-Chong
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yuen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pavanni
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Puvan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhao
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques; D002681:China / Q000208:ethnology; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016877:Oxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000208:ethnology / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D016877:Oxidants; D061988:Proteasome Inhibitors; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D044767:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases; C111567:parkin protein