title: Cyclosporine monotherapy for severe aplastic anemia: a developing country experience.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Immunosuppression is the most effective treatment for aplastic anemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although the combination of cyclosporine and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is superior to either agent alone, cyclosporine monotherapy is an easily available, safe and cheap immunosuppressive therapy (IST) option. These advantages are particularly valuable in developing countries where ATG is frequently not available.
  
  
  METHODS
  In the referral hematology center in Yemen, 20 patients (16 males and 4 females) with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) were prospectively identified and managed with cyclosporine monotherapy during the period between April 2001 and November 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data from 14 patients who received cyclosporine for at least 3 months were analyzed. At 6 months, 2 (14.3%) patients achieved complete remission (CR) and 5 (35.7%) patients achieved partial remission (PR) and at 1 year, 4 (28.6%) patients achieved CR and 3 (21.4%) patients remained in PR. The overall response rate was 50% and the cumulative survival rate at 1 year was 78.6%. The median time to remission was 120 days (range, 46 to 131 days). Side effects were modest and easily monitored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results support findings that cyclosporine monotherapy is an effective and safe immunosuppressive therapy for SAA, and that it could be a reasonable IST option for patients in developing countries.
authors.affiliation: Al-Jomhori Educational Hospital, Department of Medicine, Haematology Unit, Sana'a, Yemen. jameel_alghazaly@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Al-Ghazaly
authors.forename: Waled
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Al-Dubai
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Al-Jahafi
authors.forename: Munasser
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abdullah
authors.forename: Adela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Al-Hashdi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000741:Anemia, Aplastic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D002648:Child; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003906:Developing Countries; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D015006:Yemen / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine