title: Staged endoscopic and combined open/endoscopic approach in the management of inverted papilloma of the frontal sinus.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endoscopic management of inverted papilloma has gained increasing popularity over the last 10 years. Although early concerns over an increased risk of recurrence seem to have been allayed, the appropriate management of lesions involving the frontal sinus and frontal recess still has to be determined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a retrospective review of the results of all patients with inverted papilloma from 2000 to 2004.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 18 patients were treated between October 2000 and January 2004. Six patients had frontal sinus involvement at the time of initial evaluation. One of these patients had isolated frontal sinus involvement. These patients were managed with either initial endoscopic resection with determination for the need for an additional procedure at the time of endoscopic resection (n = 5) or open/endoscopic approach for isolated frontal sinus involvement (n = 1). Of the five patients who had their disease managed endoscopically, three patients were determined at the initial procedure to need an osteoplastic flap and, subsequently, were managed successfully with a combined approach. One other patient was initially successfully managed endoscopically but ultimately required an osteoplastic flap for definitive management. The fifth patient was managed entirely endoscopically with multiple procedures. All patients treated with this protocol remain disease free with an average follow-up of 13.3 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The limitations of endoscopic resection of inverted papilloma of the frontal recess can be managed with staged procedures. Initial endoscopic resection of ethmoid/maxillary disease with subsequent open treatment of the frontal sinus has been successful in our experience.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-HNS Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
authors.forename: Marc G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Dubin
authors.forename: Robert E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Sonnenburg
authors.forename: Christopher T
authors.initials: CT
authors.lastname: Melroy
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Ebert
authors.forename: Charles S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Brent A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Senior
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005626:Frontal Sinus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D013517:Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D018308:Papilloma, Inverted / Q000601:surgery*; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation