title: The slowpoke gene is necessary for rapid ethanol tolerance in Drosophila.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethanol is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. We are interested in the compensatory mechanisms used by the nervous system to counter the effects of ethanol intoxication. Recently, the slowpoke BK-type calcium-activated potassium channel gene has been shown to be involved in ethanol sensitivity in Caenorhabditis elegans and in rapid tolerance to the anesthetic benzyl alcohol in Drosophila.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used Drosophila mutants to investigate the role of slowpoke in rapid tolerance to sedation with ethanol vapor. Rapid tolerance was defined as a reduction in the sedative phase caused by a single previous sedation. The ethanol and water contents of flies were measured to determine if pharmacodynamic changes could account for tolerance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A saturated ethanol air stream caused sedation in <20 min and resulted in rapid tolerance that was apparent 4 hr after sedation. Two independently isolated null mutations in the slowpoke gene eliminated the capacity for tolerance. In addition, a third mutation that blocked expression specifically in the nervous system also blocked rapid tolerance. Water measurements showed that both ethanol and mock sedation caused equivalent dehydration. Furthermore, a single prior exposure to ethanol did not cause a change in the ethanol clearance rate.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid tolerance, measured as a reduction in the duration of sedation, is a pharmacokinetic response to ethanol that does not occur without slowpoke expression in the nervous system in Drosophila. The slowpoke channel must be involved in triggering or producing a homeostatic mechanism that opposes the sedative effects of ethanol.
authors.affiliation: Section of Neurobiology and The Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0248, USA.
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Cowmeadow
authors.forename: H R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Atkinson
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D000818:Animals; D030801:Animals, Genetically Modified; D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D004330:Drosophila / Q000502:physiology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance / Q000235:genetics; D000431:Ethanol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D002492:Central Nervous System Depressants; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D051036:Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels; C494844:slo protein, Drosophila; D000431:Ethanol