title: [Anatomy study of superior and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To find anatomic basis for clinically modifying technique of harvesting superior and inferior gluteal artery perforator flap, in order to avoid muscle lossing in conventional superior and inferior myocutaneous flaps, keep the advantage such as large rich supplied volume soft tissue.
  
  
  METHODS
  5 cases 10 sides adult cadaver were used to study the numbers, position, Course of superior and inferior gluteal artery perforators. The position of perforators was located by ultrasound Doppler in 6 cases and 12 sides in patient's superior and inferior gluteal area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Superior and inferior gluteal artery originated from internal iliac artery. Several main perforators of large caliber were found in the paraischia and central portions of the gluteal muscle, its number was 10 - 15. The length of the vessels varies from 3 to 8 cm and their diameter from 1 - 1.5 mm. These significant perforators pass through the muscle itself and the fascial portion of the muscle to the overlying skin on the gluteal region. The dorsal branches of nervorum lumbalium perforate the deep fascia just above the iliac crest, lateral to the posterior superior iliac spine. If a nerve branch with a substantial diameter crosses the incision line, the nerve can be harvested within the flap. This nerve can be anastomosed to the anterior ramus of the lateral branch of the 4th intercostals nerve. In adult female, 3 - 5 perforators were located by ultrasound Doppler. They distributed in the triangle area among posterior superior iliac crest, the great trochanter and the coccyx.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The area and diameter of perforators of superior gluteal artery were relatively confirmed. It's possible to harvest the perforator flap without any muscle. It has the advantage of conventional myocutaneous flap with out of its disadvantages. It's easy to detect those perforator by ultrasound Doppler clinically. The nerve can be harvested and anastomosed simultaneously. Because the inferior gluteal area is a weight loading area, we suggested to use superior gluteal artery perforator flap. This flap can be transferred pedicled to treat sacral pressure sores or to be transferred freely for the breast reconstruction.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100041, China.
authors.forename: Lan-Hua
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Mu
authors.forename: Yi-Ping
authors.initials: YP
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Luan
authors.forename: Fei
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Sen-Kai
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Li
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001158:Arteries / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002081:Buttocks / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016038:Skin Transplantation; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000294:innervation*