title: High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the hand area of the primary motor cortex disturbs predictive grip force scaling.
abstract: When we repetitively lift an object, our grip force is influenced by the mechanical object properties of the preceding lift, irrespective of whether the subsequent lift is performed with the same hand or the hand opposite to the preceding lift. This study investigates if repetitive high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the dominant primary motor cortex affects this relationship. After completion of 10 lifts of an object using the dominant hand, rTMS was applied over the dominant primary motor cortex for 20 s. On the first lift following rTMS, the peak grip force was significantly higher than on the lift preceding rTMS. Moreover, this measure remained elevated throughout the following set of lifts after rTMS. rTMS did not change the peak lift force generated by more proximal arm muscles. The same effect was observed when the lifts following rTMS over the dominant motor cortex were performed with the ipsilateral hand. These effects were not observed when subjects rested both hands on their lap or when a sham stimulation was applied for the same period of time. These preliminary data suggest that rTMS over the sensorimotor cortex disturbs predictive grip force planning.
authors.affiliation: Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movements Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. Dennis.Nowak@uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Dennis A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Voss
authors.forename: Ying-Zu
authors.initials: YZ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Wolpert
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rothwell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019054:Evoked Potentials, Motor / Q000528:radiation effects; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006225:Hand / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D018737:Hand Strength / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D050781:Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation