title: Diagnosis and management of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the clinical presentation, diagnosis, surgical management, and outcome of patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tertiary referral center.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors conducted a chart review of all previously unreported cases of surgically confirmed cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea at their institution between September 1996 and February 2005. Acquired cases were excluded from this study. Eleven cases of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea were identified among 10 patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine of the 10 patients presenting with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea were women. Ages ranged from 34 to 79 years. Eight patients presented with serous otitis media, and two women presented with meningitis. High-resolution computed tomography demonstrated a tegmen defect with a sensitivity of 80%. Nine tegmen defects were repaired using a transmastoid approach without recurrence. One patient with a contracted mastoid and a meningoencephalocele herniating from the tegmen tympani into the attic required the temporal craniotomy approach for definitive repair. Another patient with a tegmen tympani defect developed a recurrence of cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea 8 years after a transmastoid repair using only fascia and fibrin glue. A recurrent tegmen defect in this patient was repaired using a transmastoid approach and a multilayered closure technique.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The diagnosis of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea requires clinical suspicion in the setting of persistent serous otitis media. High-resolution computed tomography can confirm the diagnosis. The authors' findings indicate that repair through a transmastoid approach is effective if the tegmen defect can be widely visualized. The authors advocate a multilayered closure technique.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. arao@hsc.wvu.edu
authors.forename: Arvin K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: Daniel M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Merenda
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Wetmore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002558:Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D003399:Craniotomy; D004677:Encephalocele / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008416:Mastoid / Q000601:surgery; D008588:Meningocele / Q000601:surgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000601:surgery