title: Ultrasound-microbubble-mediated NF-kappaB decoy transfection attenuates neointimal formation after arterial injury in mice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Decoy transfection is a significant methodology for suppressing gene activation. The decoy can be synthesized easily; however, the major obstacle is the difficulty involved in effective in vivo delivery.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We used a fluorescein-labeled decoy to investigate the ultrasound-microbubble-mediated in vivo delivery in normal and injured mouse arteries. We showed that this approach could deliver the decoy into target tissues. In addition, we performed in vivo NF-kappaB decoy transfection into murine injured arteries using the ultrasound-microbubble method. Murine femoral arteries were injured using flexible wires to establish arterial injury. Pathologically, neointima/media areas in the NF-kappaB decoy transfection using ultrasound-microbubble group showed less than those in the control groups. Immunohistochemistry revealed that enhanced expression of inflammatory factors was observed in nontreated injured arteries, while the NF-kappaB decoy suppressed the expression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We revealed that ultrasound-microbubble delivery of the decoy is effective for transfection into target organs. We also indicated that NF-kappaB decoy transfection using this method has potential for the suppression of neointimal formation. Ultrasound-mediated transfection of the decoy can be beneficial for the clinical treatment of restenosis after coronary intervention and other cardiovascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masahito
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Yoshiaki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Taniyama
authors.forename: Ryuichi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Morishita
authors.forename: Mitsuaki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isobe
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005263:Femoral Artery / Q000276:immunology / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D045423:Microbubbles; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods*; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D014465:Ultrasonics; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D016328:NF-kappa B