title: Immunohistochemical biomarkers in patients with early-onset breast carcinoma by tissue microarray.
abstract: Young women with breast cancer have a poor prognosis, and the role of biologic markers in young women is not well defined. We investigated the association of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Bcl-2, HER-2/neu, p53, and Ki-67 with clinicopathologic features and outcome in young women with breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 103 patients with early-onset breast cancer treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy were entered in this study. Age range was 25-45 years, and median follow-up was 8.7 years. Each of the paraffin-embedded specimens was immunologically stained for six biomarkers expression by a recently developed tissue microarray method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 10-year overall breast relapse-free and distant relapse-free survival rates were 82.7%, 84.6.4%, and 66.7%, respectively, with 14 local relapses and 26 distant metastases among the 103 patients evaluated. Positive expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, bcl-2, HER-2/neu, p53, and Ki-67 were 42.7%, 48.5%, 35.6%, 28.0%, 36.9%, and 39.7%, respectively. Tumor stage and nodal status were significantly associated with overall survival and distant metastasis-free rate in univariate and multivariate analysis. Progesterone receptor negativity and Ki-67 positivity were associated with distant metastasis. There was no statistically significant correlation between the six biomarkers and local relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Progesterone receptor, Ki-67, tumor stage, and nodal status were prognostic factors for distant failure in early-stage breast cancer in young patients. Further studies are needed to find other biologic markers associated with local failure in this group of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
authors.forename: Doo Ho
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Choi
authors.forename: Sung
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Rimm
authors.forename: Darryl
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Bruce G
authors.initials: BG
authors.lastname: Haffty
mesh_terms: D002288:Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000378:metabolism; D018299:Neoplasms, Ductal, Lobular, and Medullary / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000032:analysis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000032:analysis; D016387:Women's Health
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53