title: Synergistic inhibition by combination of fluoride and xylitol on glycolysis by mutans streptococci and its biochemical mechanism.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the combined inhibitory effect of fluoride and xylitol on acid production by mutans streptococci, Streptococcus mutans NCTC10449 and Streptococcus sobrinus 6715, from glucose under strictly anaerobic conditions at fixed pH 5.5 and 7.0. The bacteria were grown in a tryptone-yeast extract broth under strictly anaerobic conditions (N2: 80%; H2: 10%; CO2: 10%). Reaction mixtures for acid production from glucose contained bacterial cells with fluoride (0-6.4 mM) and/or xylitol (60 mM). Acidic end products of glucose fermentation and intracellular glycolytic intermediates were assayed. The combination of fluoride and xylitol inhibited acid production more effectively than fluoride or xylitol alone. In the presence of fluoride and xylitol, the proportion of lactic acid in the total amount of acidic end products decreased, while the proportion of formic and acetic acids increased. Analyses of intracellular glycolytic intermediates revealed that xylitol inhibited the upper part of the glycolytic pathway, while fluoride inhibited the lower part. This study indicates that fluoride and xylitol together have synergistic inhibitory effects on the acid production of mutans streptococci and suggests that xylitol has the potential to enhance inhibitory effects of low concentrations of fluoride.
authors.affiliation: Department of Lifelong Oral Health Sciences, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maehara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwami
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mayanagi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takahashi
mesh_terms: D002327:Cariostatic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005459:Fluorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D013295:Streptococcus mutans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016986:Streptococcus sobrinus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014993:Xylitol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002327:Cariostatic Agents; D005459:Fluorides; D014993:Xylitol