title: Interaction between ozone and airborne particulate matter in office air.
abstract: This study investigated the hypotheses that humans are affected by air pollution caused by ozone and house dust, that the effect of simultaneous exposure to ozone and dust in the air is larger than the effect of these two pollutants individually, and that the effects can be measured as release of cytokines and changes of the respiratory function. Experimental exposures of eight atopic but otherwise healthy subjects were performed in a climate chamber under controlled conditions. The three controlled exposures were about 75 microg/m3 total suspended particulate matter, 0.3 p.p.m. ozone, and the combination of these. The exposure duration was 3 h. The outcome measures were interleukins and cells in nasal lavages (NAL), respiratory function, bronchial metacholine responsiveness, rhinometry symptoms and general well-being in a questionnaire and time course of general irritation on a visual analogue scale. Indications of interactions between exposure types were demonstrated for peak expiratory flow (PEF) (P<0.05) and for discomfort symptoms (P<0.03). Non-significant interactions were found for the concentration of interleukin-8 in NAL. The combined exposure was found to cause significantly more effects than either ozone exposures or dust exposures. This is interpreted as indications of a potentiation caused by the combined exposures to dust and ozone. The findings in this study are based on a limited number of subjects and thus should not be over-interpreted. However, they support the hypothesis that ozone at relatively high concentrations interacts with dust exposures to cause decrements in PEF and increase in discomfort measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If confirmed at lower ozone and dust concentrations this finding could help to explain many problems with indoor air quality reported in offices throughout the world.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, The University of Aarhus, Arhus C, Denmark. lm@mil.au.dk
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mølhave
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Kjaergaard
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sigsgaard
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lebowitz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004391:Dust; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010126:Ozone / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D010316:Particle Size; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D004391:Dust; D010083:Oxidants, Photochemical; D010126:Ozone