title: Spraying enzymes in microemulsions of AOT in nonpolar organic solvents for fabrication of enzyme electrodes.
abstract: A new technique suitable for automated, large-scale fabrication of enzyme electrodes by air-spraying enzymes in organic inks is presented. Model oxidoreductases, tyrosinase (Tyr) and glucose oxidase (GOx), were adapted to octane-based ink by entrapment in a system of reverse micelles (RM) of surfactant AOT in octane to separate and stabilize the catalytically active forms of the enzymes in nonpolar organic media. Nonpolar caoutchouk polymer was also used to create a kind of "dry micelles" at the electrode/solution interface. Enzyme/RM/polymer-containing organic inks were air-brushed onto conductive supports and were subsequently covered by sprayed Nafion membranes. The air-brushed enzyme electrodes exhibited relevant bioelectrocatalytic activity toward catechol and glucose, with a linear detection range of 0.1-100 microM catechol and 0.5-7 mM glucose; the sensitivities were 2.41 A M(-1) cm(-2) and 2.98 mA M(-1) cm(-2) for Tyr and GOx electrodes, respectively. The proposed technique of air-brushing enzymes in organic inks enables automated construction of disposable enzyme electrodes of various designs on a mass-production scale.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biophysics, Lund University, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
authors.forename: Stepan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shipovskov
authors.forename: Daria
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trofimova
authors.forename: Eduard
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Saprykin
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Christenson
authors.forename: Tautgirdas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ruzgas
authors.forename: Andrey V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Levashov
authors.forename: Elena E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ferapontova
mesh_terms: D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid / Q000737:chemistry*; D004655:Emulsions / Q000737:chemistry; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008823:Micelles; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D008823:Micelles; D014867:Water; D004143:Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D014442:Monophenol Monooxygenase