title: Telomere length and heredity: Indications of paternal inheritance.
abstract: Cellular telomere length is linked to replicative life span. Telomere repeats are lost in peripheral blood cells in vivo by age, and women show less telomere attrition than men. Previous reports have indicated that telomere length and chromosome-specific telomere-length patterns partly are inherited. The mode of heredity has not been clarified, but a link to the X chromosome was recently suggested. We analyzed peripheral mononuclear cells from 49 unrelated families for telomere length using a real-time PCR method. Short-term cultured Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblasts from the same individuals (n = 130) were analyzed for ability to maintain telomere length and possible gender-linked inheritance. A statistically significant association between telomere lengths comparing father-son (P = 0.011, n = 20) and father-daughter (P = 0.005, n = 22) pairs was found. However, no correlation was observed between mother-daughter (P = 0.463, n = 23) or mother-son (P = 0.577, n = 18). The father-offspring correlation was highly significant (P < 0.0001), in contrast to mother-offspring (P = 0.361). Epstein-Barr virus cultures demonstrated in most cases telomere preservation inversely related to initial mononuclear cell telomere length with short telomeres displaying the most pronounced elongation. Telomere length is inherited, and evidence for a father-to-offspring heritage of this trait was obtained, whereas in vitro telomere length maintenance was found to be dependent on the initial telomere length.
authors.affiliation: Units for Pathology and Medical and Clinical Genetics, Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: Katarina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nordfjäll
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larefalk
authors.forename: Petter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lindgren
authors.forename: Dan
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Roos
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D040941:Heredity; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D019098:Telomerase / Q000235:genetics; D016615:Telomere
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D019098:Telomerase