title: Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from farm environments and retail products in Oklahoma.
abstract: Multidrug-resistant enteric bacteria were isolated from turkey, cattle, and chicken farms and retail meat products in Oklahoma. Among the isolated species, multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae was prevalently isolated from most of the collected samples. Therefore, a total of 132 isolates of K. pneumoniae were characterized to understand their potential roles in the dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in the food chains. Multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae was most frequently recovered from a turkey farm and ground turkey products among the tested samples. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamycin, and kanamycin. Class 1 integrons located in plasmids were identified as a common carrier of the aadA1 gene, encoding resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. Production of beta-lactamase in the K. pneumoniae isolates played a major role in the resistance to beta-lactam agents. Most isolates (96%) possessed bla(SHV1). Five strains were able to express both SHV-11 (pI 6.2) and TEM-1 (pI 5.2) beta-lactamase. Transfer of these antibiotic-resistance genes to Escherichia coli was demonstrated by transconjugation. The bacterial genomic DNA restriction patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that the same clones of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae remained in feathers, feed, feces, and drinking water in turkey environments, indicating the possible dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes in the ecosystem and cross-contamination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria during processing and distribution of products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Environmental Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA. kimshin@okstate.edu
authors.forename: Shin-Hee
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Cheng-I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Ywh-Min
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Tzou
authors.forename: Haejung
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: An
mesh_terms: D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002417:Cattle / Q000382:microbiology; D002645:Chickens / Q000382:microbiology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D003227:Conjugation, Genetic; D003257:Consumer Product Safety; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005511:Food Handling / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics*; D008460:Meat / Q000382:microbiology*; D008461:Meat Products / Q000382:microbiology; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009825:Oklahoma; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D014422:Turkeys / Q000382:microbiology; D018440:beta-Lactam Resistance; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D001618:beta-Lactamases