Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors: Classification, functional syndromes, diagnosis and medical treatment.
Duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise 2-3% of all GI endocrine tumors and are increasing in frequency. These include gastrinomas, somatostatinomas, nonfunctional NETs, gangliocytic paragangliomas, and poorly differentiated NE carcinomas. Although, the majority are nonfunctional, these tumors are a frequent cause of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and can cause other clinical hormonal syndromes (carcinoid, Cushing's, etc.). In this chapter, their epidemiology, clinical aspects, localization, diagnosis and medical treatment are reviewed including the latest advances in each area.
Hoffmann
K Martin
KM
Digestive Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10, Rm. 9C-103, 10 Center Dr, MSC 1804, Bethesda, MD 20892-1804, USA.
Furukawa
Masayuki
M
Jensen
Robert T
RT
D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004379:Duodenal Neoplasms / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D004384:Duodenoscopy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D018358:Neuroendocrine Tumors / Q000145:classification* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013005:Somatostatinoma / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D015043:Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome / Q000145:classification / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy