title: NO-donating aspirin induces phase II enzymes in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes, leading to facilitated elimination of carcinogens represents a successful strategy for cancer chemoprevention. Nitric oxide-donating aspirin (NO-ASA) is a promising agent for the prevention of colon and other cancers. We studied the effect of NO-ASA on drug metabolizing enzymes in HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma and Hepa 1c1c7 mouse liver adenocarcinoma cells and in Min mice treated with NO-ASA for 3 weeks. In these cell lines, NO-ASA induced the activity and expression of NAD(P)H:quinone oxireductase (NQO) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). Compared with untreated Min mice, NO-ASA increased in the liver the activity (nmol/min/mg; mean+/-SEM for all) of NQO (85+/-6 versus 128+/-11, P<0.05) and GST (2560+/-233 versus 4254+/-608, P<0.005) and also in the intestine but not in the kidney; the expression of NQO1 and GST P1-1 was also increased. NO-ASA had only a marginal effect on P450 1A1 and P450 2E1, two phase I enzymes. The release of NO from NO-ASA, determined with a selective microelectrode was paralleled by the induction of NQO1 and abrogated by NO scavengers; an exogenous NO donor also induced the expression of NQO1. NO-ASA induced concentration-dependently the translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus as documented by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting; this paralleled the induction of NQO1 and GST P1-1. Thus NO-ASA induces phase II enzymes, at least in part, through the action of NO that it releases and by modulating the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway; this effect may be part of its mechanism of action against colon and other cancers.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention, Department of Medicine, SUNY at Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
authors.forename: Jianjun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Khosrow
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kashfi
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Basil
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rigas
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D018890:Chemoprevention; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000378:metabolism*; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2 / Q000502:physiology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011506:Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; C431364:KEAP1 protein, human; D000072019:Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; D051267:NF-E2-Related Factor 2; C495635:NFE2L2 protein, human; D011506:Proteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); C447479:NQO1 protein, human; D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C102148:nitroaspirin; D001241:Aspirin