title: Multiple P2Y receptors couple to calcium-dependent, chloride channels in smooth muscle cells of the rat pulmonary artery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) and uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP) act via P2Y receptors to evoke contraction of rat pulmonary arteries, whilst adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) acts via P2X and P2Y receptors. Pharmacological characterisation of these receptors in intact arteries is complicated by release and extracellular metabolism of nucleotides, so the aim of this study was to characterise the P2Y receptors under conditions that minimise these problems.
  
  
  METHODS
  The perforated-patch clamp technique was used to record the Ca2+-dependent, Cl- current (I(Cl,Ca)) activated by P2Y receptor agonists in acutely dissociated smooth muscle cells of rat small (SPA) and large (LPA) intrapulmonary arteries, held at -50 mV. Contractions to ATP were measured in isolated muscle rings. Data were compared by Student's t test or one way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  ATP, UTP and UDP (10(-4) M) evoked oscillating, inward currents (peak = 13-727 pA) in 71-93% of cells. The first current was usually the largest and in the SPA the response to ATP was significantly greater than those to UTP or UDP (P < 0.05). Subsequent currents tended to decrease in amplitude, with a variable time-course, to a level that was significantly smaller for ATP (P < 0.05), UTP (P < 0.001) and UDP (P < 0.05) in the SPA. The frequency of oscillations was similar for each agonist (mean approximately to 6-11.min(-1)) and changed little during agonist application. The non-selective P2 receptor antagonist suramin (10(-4) M) abolished currents evoked by ATP in SPA (n = 4) and LPA (n = 4), but pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid (PPADS) (10(-4) M), also a non-selective P2 antagonist, had no effect (n = 4, 5 respectively). Currents elicited by UTP (n = 37) or UDP (n = 14) were unaffected by either antagonist. Contractions of SPA evoked by ATP were partially inhibited by PPADS (n = 4) and abolished by suramin (n = 5). Both antagonists abolished the contractions in LPA.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At least two P2Y subtypes couple to ICl,Ca in smooth muscle cells of rat SPA and LPA, with no apparent regional variation in their distribution. The suramin-sensitive, PPADS-resistant site activated by ATP most resembles the P2Y11 receptor. However, the suramin- and PPADS-insensitive receptor activated by UTP and UDP does not correspond to any of the known P2Y subtypes. These receptors likely play a significant role in nucleotide-induced vasoconstriction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow G4 ONR, UK. krongkarn.chootip@strath.ac.uk
authors.forename: Krongkarn
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chootip
authors.forename: Alison M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gurney
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kennedy
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D020013:Calcium Signaling / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D018118:Chloride Channels / Q000378:metabolism*; D002713:Chlorine / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000378:metabolism*; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018118:Chloride Channels; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D002713:Chlorine; D014530:Uridine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium; D014544:Uridine Triphosphate