title: Interactive effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors and TRAIL on apoptosis in human leukemia cells: involvement of both death receptor and mitochondrial pathways.
abstract: In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the interactive effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), MS-275, m-carboxycinnamic acid bishydroxamide (CBHA), and trichostatin-A (TSA)] and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on apoptosis in leukemia cells. HDAC inhibitors enhance the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in leukemia cells (HL60, Jurkat, K562, and U937) through multiple mechanisms; up-regulation of DR4, DR5, Bak, Bax, Bim, Noxa and PUMA, down-regulation of IAPs, Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and cFLIP, release of mitochondrial proteins (cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO and Omi/Htr2) to the cytosol, induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 and p27KIP1, activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The sequential treatment of cells with HDAC inhibitors followed by TRAIL was more effective in inducing apoptosis than the concurrent treatment or single agent alone. The up-regulation of death receptors and inhibition of cFLIP by HDAC inhibitors will increase the ability of TRAIL to induce apoptosis, due to enhance activation of caspase-8, cleavage of Bid, and release of mitochondrial proteins to the cytosol, and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Thus, the combination of HDAC inhibitors and TRAIL can be used as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of leukemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201-1180, USA.
authors.forename: Sharmila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shankar
authors.forename: Thiyam R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Tamer E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Fandy
authors.forename: Thitidaj
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Luetrakul
authors.forename: Douglas D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: Rakesh K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Srivastava
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D007938:Leukemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D056572:Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D053220:Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C105190:TNFRSF10A protein, human; C505639:TNFRSF10B protein, human; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D020169:Caspases; D006655:Histone Deacetylases