title: Effect of cruciferous vegetables on lung cancer in patients stratified by genetic status: a mendelian randomisation approach.
abstract: Whether consumption of cruciferous vegetables protects against lung cancer is unclear, largely because of potential confounding factors. We therefore studied the role of cruciferous vegetables in lung cancer after stratifying by GSTM1 and GSTT1 status, two genes implicated in the elimination of isothiocyanates, the likely chemopreventative compound. In 2141 cases and 2168 controls, weekly consumption of cruciferous vegetables protected against lung cancer in those who were GSTM1 null (odds ratio=0.67, 95% CI 0.49-0.91), GSTT1 null (0.63, 0.37-1.07), or both (0.28, 0.11-0.67). No protective effect was seen in people who were both GSTM1 and GSTT1 positive (0.88, 0.65-1.21). Similar protective results were noted for consumption of cabbage and a combination of broccoli and brussels sprouts. These data provide strong evidence for a substantial protective effect of cruciferous vegetable consumption on lung cancer.
authors.affiliation: International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. brennan@iarc.fr
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Charles C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Moullan
authors.forename: Neonilia
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Szeszenia-Dabrowska
authors.forename: Jolanta
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lissowska
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zaridze
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rudnai
authors.forename: Eleonora
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fabianova
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mates
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bencko
authors.forename: Lenka
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foretova
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Janout
authors.forename: Federica
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Gemignani
authors.forename: Amelie
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chabrier
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Rayjean J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Boffetta
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Canzian
mesh_terms: D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004032:Diet; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008297:Male; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014675:Vegetables
chemical_list: D005982:Glutathione Transferase; C413545:glutathione S-transferase T1