title: Application of soft tissue modelling to image-guided surgery.
abstract: The deformation of soft tissue compromises the accuracy of image-guided surgery based on preoperative images, and restricts its applicability to surgery on or near bony structures. One way to overcome these limitations is to combine biomechanical models with sparse intraoperative data, in order to realistically warp the preoperative image to match the surgical situation. We detail the process of biomechanical modelling in the context of image-guided surgery. We focus in particular on the finite element method, which is shown to be a promising approach, and review the constitutive relationships which have been suggested for representing tissue during surgery. Appropriate intraoperative measurements are required to constrain the deformation, and we discuss the potential of the modalities which have been applied to this task. This technology is on the verge of transition into clinical practice, where it promises to increase the guidance accuracy and facilitate less invasive interventions. We describe here how soft tissue modelling techniques have been applied to image-guided surgery applications.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Medical Image Computing, Malet Place Engineering Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK. t.carter@cs.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Maxime
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sermesant
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Cash
authors.forename: Dean C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Barratt
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tanner
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Hawkes
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000379:methods*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D001940:Breast / Q000473:pathology; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003867:Depth Perception; D004548:Elasticity; D005260:Female; D020342:Finite Element Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007834:Lasers; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D009141:Musculoskeletal System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009493:Neurosurgery; D010363:Pattern Recognition, Automated; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement; D012212:Rheology; D012984:Software; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D013718:Tensile Strength; D013997:Time Factors