Assessment of reference values for selected elements in a healthy urban population.
Reference values for 26 elements, namely Al, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Tl, V, W, Zn and Zr are proposed in serum and blood of 110 healthy adults of the urban area of Rome. They were included in the study on the basis of strict criteria of eligibility and exclusion. With the exception of Ba, Bi, Co, Cr, Ni, Sb, Sn Tl in serum, and Bi, Hg, Si, V and W in whole blood, experimental data for each all the other analytes were found to approach a normal distribution. The estimated 5-95% references ranges (in ng ml(-1)) were reported. For several elements the reference ranges observed overlapped information available in the literature. Gender, age, body mass index, smoking habits and alcohol consume were used as grouping variables. Mutual associations were observed for several elements, as follows: Be, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Mo, Pb and Zn with sex; Ca, Pb and Si with age (< and > 45 years); Co, Cr, Mo, Sb and Tl with body mass index; Cd and Pb with smoking habit; Cr and Pb with alcohol consume.
Alimonti
Alessandro
A
Dipartimento di Ambiente e Connessa Prevenzione Primaria, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. alessandro.alimonti@iss.it
Bocca
Beatrice
B
Mannella
Emilio
E
Petrucci
Francesco
F
Zennaro
Francesco
F
Cotichini
Rodolfo
R
D'Ippolito
Cristina
C
Agresti
Adele
A
Caimi
Stefano
S
Forte
Giovanni
G
D000328:Adult; D001769:Blood; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000592:standards*; D004602:Elements; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006184:Habits; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D016011:Normal Distribution; D012016:Reference Values; D012494:Sampling Studies; D044967:Serum; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population
D004602:Elements