title: Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Eucalyptus maculata.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Since phenolic compounds have been reported as effective antioxidants, this study was designed to assess the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of the chloroformic extract of the resinous exudate and its phenolic constituents obtained from the stems of Eucalyptus maculata.
  
  
  METHODS
  The chloroformic extract and pure phenolic isolates were evaluated for their antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties in mice and rats based on biochemical changes in serum and tissues as well as pathological changes in the liver and spleen.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Acetaminophen (ACP) at a dose of 1 g/kg body weight produced 100% mortality in mice, while pretreatment of animals with the chloroformic extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) protected against the moralities by 66%. Pretreatment of rats with either the chloroformic extract (250 mg/kg) or any of the pure isolates (20 mg/kg) significantly reduced the increase in serum level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) produced by ACP (640 mg/kg). Pretreatment of animals with the chloroformic extract or its isolates also protected against ascorbic acid depletion in serum and kidney tissues induced by oral administration of paraquat (PQ) without modifying the serum level of glutathione (GSH) and glycogen content in liver tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The phenolic content of the chloroformic extract and the pure isolates produced an antioxidant activity which may be due to the formation of stable phenoxyl radical in addition to its effect through vitamin C.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt. abdel-sattar@excite.com
authors.forename: Abdel-Fattah
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Mohamed
authors.forename: Abeer Gafar
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Ali Hasan
authors.forename: Mahmoud Ismail
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Hamamy
authors.forename: Essam
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abdel-Sattar
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005052:Eucalyptus / Q000737:chemistry*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D010269:Paraquat / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000633:toxicity; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010636:Phenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D020011:Protective Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D010636:Phenols; D010936:Plant Extracts; D020011:Protective Agents; D000082:Acetaminophen; D010269:Paraquat; D010634:Phenobarbital