title: Uterine effects of metformin administration in anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metformin has been shown to improve fertility in anovulatory patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), inducing not only a high ovulation and pregnancy rate but also reducing the incidence of miscarriages. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the uterine effects of metformin in patients with PCOS who ovulated under metformin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-seven non-obese primary infertile anovulatory patients with PCOS and another 30 age- and body mass index-matched healthy women (control group) were studied. PCOS patients were treated with metformin (850 mg twice daily) for 6 months, whereas the control group did not receive any treatment. In these PCOS patients who ovulated whilst under metformin treatment (PCOS group) and in controls, uterine, sub-endometrial and endometrial blood flow, and endometrial thickness and pattern were evaluated using serial ultrasonographic assessments.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Before treatment, uterine, sub-endometrial and endometrial blood flows were significantly lower in patients with PCOS than in the control group. All indexes of uterine vascularization were significantly improved in the PCOS group with metformin treatment and were not different from the controls. Nor was any difference in endometrial thickness and pattern detected between PCOS and control groups. After grouping the data of PCOS patients who ovulated under metformin for cycles with favourable/unfavourable reproductive outcome, no difference in any parameter was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Metformin improves all surrogate markers of endometrial receptivity in PCOS patients, without difference between patients who had favourable or unfavourable reproductive outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, University Federico II of Naples, Italy.
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palomba
authors.forename: Tiziana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Russo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Orio
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falbo
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Manguso
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Cascella
authors.forename: Achille
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tolino
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Carmina
authors.forename: Annamaria
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Colao
authors.forename: Fulvio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zullo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000858:Anovulation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D004717:Endometrium / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005299:Fertility Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008600:Menstruation-Inducing Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008687:Metformin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011085:Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014599:Uterus / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D005299:Fertility Agents; D008600:Menstruation-Inducing Agents; D008687:Metformin