title: Lack of efficacy of rituximab in Wegener's granulomatosis with refractory granulomatous manifestations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the safety and efficacy of rituximab (RTX) in patients with refractory Wegener's granulomatosis (WG).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight consecutive patients with active refractory WG were included. In all patients disease activity had persisted despite standard treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone, as well as tumour necrosis factor alpha blockade 3 months before inclusion in the study. Patients had particular granulomatous manifestations like retro-orbital granulomata (n=5), nodules of the lungs (n=1), and subglottic stenosis (n=2). RTX was given intravenously every 4th week in combination with the standard treatment in five patients and with methotrexate in two others. Disease extent and activity were monitored clinically by interdisciplinary care, immunodiagnostics (ANCA serology, B cells by flow cytometry), and magnetic resonance imaging.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Beneficial response and a reduction in disease activity were seen in three patients, two of whom went into complete remission. In three other patients, disease activity remained unchanged while the disease progressed in the remaining two patients. In all patients peripheral blood B cells fell to zero during treatment with RTX. cANCA titres remained unchanged in all except one patient.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this pilot study, B lymphocyte depletion was not associated with a change of the ANCA titres or obvious clinical improvement of refractory granulomatous disease in patients with WG. Further studies are needed to evaluate the role of RTX in WG.
authors.affiliation: University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Department of Rheumatology and Rheumaklinik Bad Bramstedt, Germany. aries@rheuma-zentrum.de
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Aries
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hellmich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Voswinkel
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Both
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nölle
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Holl-Ulrich
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lamprecht
authors.forename: W L
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Gross
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D001799:Blood Sedimentation; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D014890:Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007155:Immunologic Factors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018655:Lymphocyte Count; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000473:pathology; D000069283:Rituximab; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D007155:Immunologic Factors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D000069283:Rituximab; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D008727:Methotrexate