title: Ethanol inhibits pulse pressure-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration by differentially modulating plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9.
abstract: We investigated the effect of ethanol on the pulse pressure-induced expression of PAI-1 and MMP-2/9 in human smooth muscle cells (SMC). Human SMC were exposed to static or pulse pressure (25 mL/min; pulse pressure 106/50 mm Hg) conditions for 24 h in the absence or presence of ethanol (0.1-100 mM). SMC migration was then measured by Transwell migration assay. SMC exposed to pulse pressure demonstrated a significant increase in PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression (approximately 4-fold and approximately 3-fold) concomitant with a 3- and 8-fold increase in MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein, respectively. Ethanol dose-dependently inhibited the pulse pressure-induced SMC migration with complete inhibition observed at 20 mM. There was no effect of ethanol on basal PAI-1 or MMP-2/9 in SMC under static conditions. However, ethanol significantly enhanced the pulse pressure-induced PAI-1 mRNA and protein expression (2.2 +/- 0.52 fold and 2.5 +/- 0.27 fold, for 10 mM), respectively. In contrast, ethanol dose-dependently inhibited the pulse pressure-induced increases in MMP-9 protein and pro-MMP-9 activity and to a lesser extent MMP-2 mRNA and protein and pro-MMP-2 activity, with significant inhibition observed at 1 mM. These data provide a molecular mechanism mediating the inhibitory effect of ethanol on pulse-pressure-induced SMC migration and may be relevant to the cardioprotective effects of ethanol in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NewYork 14642-8410, USA.
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Cullen
authors.forename: Shariq
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sayeed
authors.forename: Youngrin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Nicholas G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Theodorakis
authors.forename: James V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Sitzmann
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Cahill
authors.forename: Eileen M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Redmond
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular / Q000502:physiology; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D011674:Pulse; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000431:Ethanol; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9