title: Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The objective of this study was to review the effects of adjunctive corticosteroids on overall mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) and substantial hypoxemia (arterial oxygen partial pressure <70 mmHg or alveolar-arterial gradient >35 mmHg on room air).
  
  
  METHODS
  We conducted a systematic search of the literature for randomised trials published up to December 2004. Selected trials compared adjunctive corticosteroids with placebo or usual care in HIV-infected patients with PCP and reported mortality data. Two teams of reviewers independently evaluated the methodology and extracted data from each primary study.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Six studies were included in the meta-analysis. Risk ratios for overall mortality for adjunctive corticosteroids were 0.54 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38-0.79) at 1 month and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.49-0.93) at 3-4 months of follow-up. Numbers needed to treat, to prevent 1 death, are 9 patients in a setting without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) available and 22 patients with HAART available. Only the 3 largest trials provided data on the need for mechanical ventilation with a risk ratio of 0.37 (95% CI, 0.20-0.70) in favour of adjunctive corticosteroids.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number and size of trials investigating adjunctive corticosteroids for HIV-infected patients with PCP is small, but our results suggest a beneficial effect for patients with substantial hypoxemia.
authors.affiliation: Institut für klinische Epidemiologie, Universitätsspital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland. brielm@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: Matthias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Briel
authors.forename: Remy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Boscacci
authors.forename: Hansjakob
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Furrer
authors.forename: Heiner C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Bucher
mesh_terms: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D016239:MEDLINE; D016017:Odds Ratio; D045363:Pneumocystis carinii; D011020:Pneumonia, Pneumocystis / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology / Q000401:mortality; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones