title: Effect of alcohol use and highly active antiretroviral therapy on plasma levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), alcohol, and antiretroviral therapy are complex.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively assessed persons coinfected with HIV and HCV who achieved HIV suppression to < 500 copies/mL and continued to take antiretrovirals for > or = 6 months. Frozen plasma specimens were retrieved for quantitation of HCV RNA levels at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after beginning antiretroviral treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median HCV RNA levels increased (0.35 log10 IU/mL) at month 3 (n = 44). HCV RNA levels decreased to below baseline by 12 months in patients consuming < 50 g of alcohol/day, whereas patients consuming > or = 50 g/day had a sustained increase (> 0.6 log10 IU/mL) from baseline (P = .04).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because low levels of HCV RNA are predictive of a virological response to therapy for HCV infection, it may be advantageous to first achieve suppression of HIV RNA and then initiate treatment for HCV infection in patients coinfected with HIV and HCV. Excess alcohol consumption with therapy for HIV infection increases HCV RNA levels and may impede the effectiveness of this treatment strategy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ccooper@ottawahospital.on.ca
authors.forename: Curtis L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: D William
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Cameron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D004347:Drug Interactions / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000097:blood / Q000187:drug effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D012367:RNA, Viral; D000431:Ethanol