title: The menopause in Spain: results of the DAMES (Decisions At MEnopause) study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the symptomatology of menopause and the use of hormone therapy among women in Spain.
  
  
  METHODS
  A survey conducted on a representative sample of 300 women aged 45-55 in Madrid. The instrument included closed- and open-ended questions about demographic and socio-economic information, health and reproductive history, symptoms in past month, use of health services, life style, and therapeutic decisions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighty-three percent of respondents report five or more symptoms. Joint pains, weight gain, mood changes and nervousness are the most frequently reported; just under half of respondents report hot flashes; 4/5 report emotional/mental symptoms. The frequencies of some symptoms vary with socio-economic status. Two-thirds of respondents have consulted physicians, and 10% are currently taking hormone therapy; the use of hormone therapy is lower among women from the lower strata. One-fifth of respondents use of nonconventional and alternative medications. Just under half of respondents find that menopause is difficult.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Symptom reporting is relatively high, but general symptoms are more frequent than "core" menopausal symptoms. The use of hormone therapy is relatively low, but the use of alternative medicines is relatively high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population and International Health, Harvard University, 655 Avenue of the Arts, Boston, MA 02115, USA. coberm@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Carla Makhlouf
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Obermeyer
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Reher
authors.forename: Luis Cortes
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Alcala
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Price
mesh_terms: D004032:Diet; D004412:Dysmenorrhea / Q000453:epidemiology; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000453:epidemiology; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019584:Hot Flashes / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D017533:Marital Status; D008593:Menopause / Q000502:physiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015430:Weight Gain / Q000502:physiology