title: Ciprofloxacin-releasing bioabsorbable polymer is superior to titanium in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro.
abstract: Antibiotic coating systems have been successfully used to prevent bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Our purpose was to evaluate whether bioabsorbable polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) 80/20 on its own, and PLGA together with ciprofloxacin (PLGA+C) have any advantages over titanium in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro. Cylindrical specimens of titanium, PLGA, and PLGA+C in triplicate were examined for S. epidermidis ATCC 35989 attachment and biofilm formation after incubation with a bacterial suspension of about 10(5) cfu/mL for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, using scanning electron microscopy. Growth inhibition properties of PLGA and PLGA+C cylinders were tested on agar plates. On days 1, 3, and 21, no bacterial attachment was seen in 19.5, 9.2, and 41.4% of the titanium specimens; in 18.4, 28.7, and 34.5% of the PLGA specimens; and in 57.5, 62.1, and 57.5% of the PLGA+C specimens, respectively. During the whole study period, no biofilm was observed on 74-93% of the titanium specimens, 58-78% of the PLGA specimens, and 93-100% of the PLGA+C specimens. PLGA+C showed clear bacterial growth inhibition on agar plates, while PLGA and titanium did not show any inhibition. PLGA+C bioabsorbable material was superior to titanium in preventing bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and may have clinical applicability, for example, in prevention of infection in trauma surgery or in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
authors.forename: Sanna-Mari
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Niemelä
authors.forename: Irma
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Ikäheimo
authors.forename: Markku
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koskela
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Veiranto
authors.forename: Esa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Suokas
authors.forename: Pertti
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Törmälä
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Waris
authors.forename: Nureddin
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ashammakhi
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Syrjälä
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D018441:Biofilms; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011108:Polymers; D013212:Staphylococcus epidermidis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014025:Titanium
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D011108:Polymers; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D014025:Titanium