title: Expression profiling of gastric cancer samples by oligonucleotide microarray analysis reveals low degree of intra-tumor variability.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Gene expression profiling provides an unique opportunity to gain insight into the development of different types of gastric cancer. Tumor sample heterogeneity is thought to decrease the sensitivity and tumor specificity of microarray analysis. Thus, microdissection and pre-amplification of RNA is frequently performed. However, this technique may also induce considerable changes to the expression profile. To assess the effect of gastric tumor heterogeneity on expression profiling results, we measured the variation in gene expression within the same gastric cancer sample by performing a gene chip analysis with two RNA preparations extracted from the same tumor specimen.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tumor samples from six intestinal T2 gastric tumors were dissected under liquid nitrogen and RNA was prepared from two separate tumor fragments. Each extraction was individually processed and hybridized to an Affymetrix U133A gene chip covering approximately 18 000 human gene transcripts. Expression profiles were analyzed using Microarray Suite 5.0 (Affymetrix) and GeneSpring 6.0 (Silicon Genetics).
  
  
  RESULTS
  All gastric cancers showed little variance in expression profiles between different regions of the same tumor sample. In this case, gene chips displayed mean pair wise correlation coefficients of 0.94+/-0.02 (mean+/-SD), compared to values of 0.61+/-0.1 for different tumor samples. Expression of the variance between the two expression profiles as a percentage of "total change" (Affymetrix) revealed a remarkably low average value of 1.18+/-0.78 for comparing fragments of the same tumor sample. In contrast, comparison of fragments from different tumors revealed a percentage of 24.4+/-4.5.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study indicates a low degree of expression profile variability within gastric tumor samples isolated from one patient. These data suggest that tumor tissue heterogeneity is not a dominant source of error for microarray analysis of larger tumor samples, making total RNA extraction an appropriate strategy for performing gene chip expression profiling of gastric cancer.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department I, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
authors.forename: Karolin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Trautmann
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steudel
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Grossmann
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Aust
authors.forename: Gerhard
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ehninger
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miehlke
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Thiede
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D005260:Female; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012334:RNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D012334:RNA, Neoplasm