title: A new lead for nonpeptidic active-site-directed inhibitors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus main protease discovered by a combination of screening and docking methods.
abstract: The coronavirus main protease, M(pro), is considered to be a major target for drugs suitable for combating coronavirus infections including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). An HPLC-based screening of electrophilic compounds that was performed to identify potential M(pro) inhibitors revealed etacrynic acid tert-butylamide (6a) as an effective nonpeptidic inhibitor. Docking studies suggested a binding mode in which the phenyl ring acts as a spacer bridging the inhibitor's activated double bond and its hydrophobic tert-butyl moiety. The latter is supposed to fit into the S4 pocket of the target protease. Furthermore, these studies revealed etacrynic acid amide (6b) as a promising lead for nonpeptidic active-site-directed M(pro) inhibitors. In a fluorimetric enzyme assay using a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair labeled substrate, compound 6b showed a K(i) value of 35.3 muM. Since the novel lead compound does not target the S1', S1, and S2 subsites of the enzyme's substrate-binding pockets, there is room for improvement that underlines the lead character of compound 6b.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Kaeppler
authors.forename: Nikolaus
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Stiefl
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schiller
authors.forename: Radim
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Vicik
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Breuning
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rupprecht
authors.forename: Carsten
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schmuck
authors.forename: Knut
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Baumann
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ziebuhr
authors.forename: Tanja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schirmeister
mesh_terms: D000577:Amides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D001665:Binding Sites; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D000086782:Coronavirus 3C Proteases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D010450:Endopeptidases / Q000737:chemistry*; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045473:Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus / Q000201:enzymology*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000577:Amides; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D014764:Viral Proteins; D010450:Endopeptidases; D003546:Cysteine Endopeptidases; D000086782:Coronavirus 3C Proteases; D004976:Ethacrynic Acid