title: Metabolism and disposition of the antiviral nucleoside analogue AM365 in the isolated perfused rat liver.
abstract: The present study was designed to investigate the hepatic disposition of the prodrug AM365 and the generated antiviral guanosine analogue, AM188 in the isolated perfused rat liver (IPL). The livers of rats (n=12) were isolated and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit pH 7.4 buffer to which AM365 was added as a bolus to achieve an initial perfusate concentration of 22.4 micromol/L. During the 120-min period after administration of AM365, bile was collected in 10-min intervals and perfusate was collected at the mid-point of these intervals. Concentrations of AM365 and AM188 in perfusate and bile were quantified by HPLC. Following administration of AM365, its concentration in perfusate declined and the concentration of AM188 increased; the sum of the molar concentrations remained constant. The clearance and hepatic extraction ratio of AM365 were 3.3+/-2.4 mL/min and 0.110+/-0.079, respectively. The cumulative amount of AM365 excreted in bile during the 120-min perfusion period was approximately 0.21% of the bolus dose, and 0.36% of the total amount of AM365 cleared by the liver during the period. The cumulative amount of AM188 excreted in bile was about 0.48% of the total amount of AM188 formed during the perfusion period. In conclusion, AM365 was metabolised to AM188, which appeared to be the only metabolite and was not further biotransformed. The biliary excretion of AM365 and AM188 was negligible.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Pharmaceutical Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Jiping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Roger L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Nation
authors.forename: Allan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shackleford
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009705:Nucleosides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: C506110:2-amino-9-(3- hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylprop-1-yl)purine; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D009705:Nucleosides