title: Impact of laparotomy and liver resection on the peritoneal concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 2, vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Some data have suggested that major surgery is associated with the post-operative growth of residual tumour masses but the mechanism of this is unknown. This study was designed to determine the relationship between intraperitoneal (IP) cytokine levels, and laparotomy in benign and malignant settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  Intraperitoneal fluid specimens were obtained at the start and at the end of laparotomy in patients with benign conditions (n=10) and in others undergoing resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer (n=10). Using ELISA the concentration of the angiogenic cytokines, HGF, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D and FGF-2 was determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The data show that in 16 of 20 patients there was a significant increase (P=0.006) in the IP concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) but not in the other growth factors by the end of the operation. The mean increase in HGF concentration was 821.5 pg/ml (95% CI: 11.0-6,426.0). Neither the groups (malignant and non-malignant) nor the length of operation correlated with greater or lesser increases in HGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The observation that the increase in HGF occurred in both the cancer and non-cancer groups suggests that it is the surgery rather than the disease that is associated with the increased cytokine concentration. As HGF is a potent endothelial, epithelial and mesenchymal mitogen the data highlight HGF as a potential target for anti-cancer treatments in the peri-operative period. However, investigators should closely monitor wound healing as this may be compromised by this new class of drugs.
authors.affiliation: University Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Liverpool Women's Hospital, Crown St, L8 7SS, Liverpool, UK.
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Whitworth
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheen
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Rosa
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ryder
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Burumdayal
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saunders
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Valle
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sherlock
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Jayson
mesh_terms: D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D006498:Hepatectomy; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007813:Laparotomy; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000556:secondary / Q000601:surgery; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000378:metabolism*; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C467484:VEGFA protein, human; C467486:VEGFC protein, human; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D042582:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor