title: A simple cost-effective design for construction of a laparoscopic trainer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic trainers have been shown to be effective tools for transitioning residents in surgical fields into live laparoscopic techniques. There have been few reports of homemade trainers, but each of these reports provides only scant detail about their construction, making production a novel task to those interested in employing this equipment. Virtual-reality trainers are gaining popularity and are exceptional modalities in the re-creation of laparoscopic surgery. In their present state, however, such trainers are very costly, making them unattainable by most urology residency programs. Numerous commercial non-virtual trainers are also available; however, these trainers are often cost-prohibitive or overly simplistic.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We describe a detailed design template for creation of a laparoscopic trainer based on modifications of previous designs. This trainer can be made easily at a cost of approximately US$275.00 and may be used in conjunction with existing laparoscopic equipment. The methods described herein can be followed by any local machinist to create this trainer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The relatively low total cost, ready material availability, and ease of construction make this trainer an appropriate option for the training of residents in laparoscopic procedures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, Akron, Ohio 44302, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ricchiuti
authors.forename: Dane Arends
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Ralat
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Evancho-Chapman
authors.forename: Holly
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wyneski
authors.forename: Jeffrey
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cerone
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Wegryn
mesh_terms: D004867:Equipment Design / Q000191:economics; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D014572:Urology / Q000193:education*