title: Spectral- and frequency-encoded fluorescence imaging.
abstract: A method for obtaining fluorescence images with a high number of resolvable points by using spectral and frequency encoding is presented. Broadband excitation light is encoded with a wavelength-dependent frequency modulation and dispersed onto the sample with a grating to simultaneously illuminate an entire image line. The Fourier transform of the frequency-encoded fluorescence emission provides one line of the image. Mechanical scanning along a direction orthogonal to the wavelength-encoded axis allows creation of the two-dimensional fluorescent image. This method is applicable for developing submillimeter diameter endoscopes. The principles of the technique are validated by imaging indocyanine green fluorescence in microfluidic channels.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School and the Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. jmotz@partners.org
authors.forename: Jason T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Motz
authors.forename: Dvir
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Yelin
authors.forename: Benjamin J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Vakoc
authors.forename: Brett E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Bouma
authors.forename: Guillermo J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Tearney
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*