title: Antiphospholipid antibodies in serum and follicular fluid--is there a correlation with IVF implantation failure?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) are associated with infertility, but the mechanism underlying this statistical association is currently obscure. We aimed to investigate the finding that aPLs are concentrated in follicular fluid and to establish if this is associated with a poorer outcome from IVF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 19.2% of 99 women undergoing IVF, at least one aPL was detected in their serum and/or follicular fluids, but the antibody levels in follicular fluid were not higher than in serum. Women with aPLs had a lower implantation rate (14%) than women without these antibodies (24.1%), but this difference was not significant (P=0.127). There was also a non-significant reduction in the live birth rate for women with aPLs. In a parallel investigation, 10 sheep immunized with beta2 glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) or irrelevant control antigens showed strong immune responses, but there were no significant differences between the levels of antibodies in the follicular fluid or serum from beta2GPI or control immunized sheep.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  aPLs do not appear to be selectively concentrated in follicular fluids and, when present, do not adversely affect the reproductive outcome of women undergoing IVF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, and Fertility Plus, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Private Bag 92189, Auckland 1003, New Zealand. karen@onlinecom.co.nz
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Buckingham
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: L W
authors.initials: LW
authors.lastname: Chamley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D010064:Embryo Implantation; D005260:Female; D005306:Fertilization / Q000502:physiology*; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D015571:Follicular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D017152:Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; D015415:Biomarkers