title: Effects of mobile telephones on the function of implantable cardioverter defibrillators.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We investigated whether mobile telephones affect the function of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  It is well known that electromagnetic fields can affect medical devices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 43 patients with ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation treated with transvenous pectoral ICDs. Testing was done under continuous electrocardiograph monitoring under supervision of an ICD programmer. Initially, each patient was tested during spontaneous rhythm. Then the ICD was programmed to a pace rhythm higher than the patient's heart rate, and the tests were repeated at paced rhythm. In 7 patients, tests were performed during the implantation procedure as well. In 3 of the patients, only a single defibrillation zone was active. The other 40 patients had one or more active ventricular tachycardia zones. Two mobile phones (both GSM 900 MHz) were positioned 50 cm away from the implanted device in opposite directions and switched on. Communication was established between these phones, two investigators had a 20-second conversation, and then the phones were switched off. The same procedure was repeated at 30, 20, and 10 cm away from the implantation site, respectively. Finally, the procedure was performed with the antennae of both phones touching the device pocket. In the above-mentioned 7 cases where testing was done during implantation of the ICD, a call was made from one phone to the other, ringing occurred for 5 seconds, and then two investigators conversed while the device was implanted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no change in the function of the ICDs during any of the phone testing procedures. In 5 cases, artifacts were noted on the surface electrocardiographic (ECG) screen of the programmer during the tests, but no such changes were observed on the simultaneous intracardiac ECGs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the study suggest that mobile phones have no effects on ICD function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey. izzettandogan@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Izzet
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tandogan
authors.forename: Bulent
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ozin
authors.forename: Huseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bozbas
authors.forename: Sibel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Turhan
authors.forename: Ramazan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ozdemir
authors.forename: Ertan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Yetkin
authors.forename: Ergun
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Topal
mesh_terms: D016477:Artifacts; D040421:Cell Phone / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D017147:Defibrillators, Implantable / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D004868:Equipment Failure / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D017180:Tachycardia, Ventricular / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014421:Turkey / Q000453:epidemiology; D014693:Ventricular Fibrillation / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*