title: Murine coronavirus with an extended host range uses heparan sulfate as an entry receptor.
abstract: Only a relatively few mutations in its spike protein allow the murine coronavirus to switch from a murine-restricted tropism to an extended host range by being passaged in vitro. One such virus that we studied had acquired two putative heparan sulfate-binding sites while preserving another site in the furin-cleavage motif. The adaptation of the virus through the use of heparan sulfate as an attachment/entry receptor was demonstrated by increased heparin binding as well as by inhibition of infection through treatment of cells and the virus with heparinase and heparin, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. x.haan@vet.uu.nl
authors.forename: Cornelis A M
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Haan
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Eddie
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: te Lintelo
authors.forename: Berend Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Bosch
authors.forename: Bert Jan
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Haijema
authors.forename: Peter J M
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Rottier
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D016384:Consensus Sequence; D017934:Coronavirus / Q000502:physiology*; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D000085064:Receptors, Coronavirus; D011991:Receptors, Virus / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D000085064:Receptors, Coronavirus; D011991:Receptors, Virus