title: PPARgamma activity in subcutaneous abdominal fat tissue and fat mass gain during short-term overfeeding.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  As the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays a central role in fat mass regulation, we investigated whether initial subcutaneous PPARgamma activity is related to fat mass generation during overfeeding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen healthy female subjects (age 25 +/- 4 years, BMI 22.1 +/- 2.3 kg/m2).
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were overfed with a diet supplying 50% more energy than baseline energy requirements for 14 days. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for leptin, insulin and glucose. Fasting subcutaneous abdominal fat biopsies were obtained for analysis of PPARgamma1, PPARgamma2, aP2 and UCP2 mRNAs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Initial PPARgamma1 and 2, aP2 and UCP2 mRNAs were not related to fat gain (P > 0.12). However, PPARgamma1, PPARgamma2 and aP2 mRNA changes were positively related to changes in plasma leptin (P < 0.05) and, except aP2 (P = 0.06), to fat gain (P < 0.05). PPARgamma and aP2 mRNA changes were positively related (P<0.01), indicating that PPARgamma mRNA levels reflected PPARgamma activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data suggest that the ability to increase PPARgamma activity might be involved in the susceptibility to gain weight during a positive energy balance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. A.Joosen@HB.Unimaas.NL
authors.forename: A M C P
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Joosen
authors.forename: A H F
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Bakker
authors.forename: A H G
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Zorenc
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kersten
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schrauwen
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Westerterp
mesh_terms: D050156:Adipogenesis; D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000235:genetics; D004032:Diet; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D050507:Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D050556:Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D020738:Leptin; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2