title: Effect of a high-carbohydrate versus a high--cis-monounsaturated fat diet on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether blood pressure is different in type 2 diabetic patients on a diet rich in carbohydrates versus a diet rich in cis-monounsaturated fatty acids. Data on the dietary effects on these diets' glucose and lipid metabolism have been previously published.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study compared the effect of feeding 42 type 2 diabetic patients a carefully controlled isoenergic high-carbohydrate (high-carb; 55% energy as carbohydrate, 30% as fat, and 10% as monounsaturated fat) and high-monounsaturated fat (high-mono; 45% energy as fat, 25% as monounsaturated fat, and 40% as carbohydrate) diet for 6 weeks each in a four-center, randomized, cross-over study on blood pressure. Twenty-one patients continued the diet they received during the second phase for an additional 8 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  According to repeated-measures ANOVA, blood pressure during the last 3 days of each phase was similar after 6 weeks of the high-carb and high-mono diets (systolic blood pressure: 128 +/- 16 vs. 127 +/- 15 mmHg, P = 0.9; diastolic blood pressure: 75 +/- 7 vs. 75 +/- 8 mmHg, P = 0.7). However, after 14 weeks of the high-carb diet (n = 13), there was a significant increase in blood pressure compared with 6 weeks of the high-mono diet (systolic blood pressure: 132 +/- 13 vs. 126 +/- 11 mmHg, P = 0.04; diastolic blood pressure: 83 +/- 6 vs. 76 +/- 7 mmHg, P = 0.002). After 14 weeks of the high-mono diet (n = 8), the reduction in blood pressure was not significant compared with 6 weeks of the high-carb diet (systolic blood pressure: 118 +/- 14 vs. 121 +/- 16 mmHg, P = 0.4; diastolic blood pressure: 71 +/- 8 vs. 75 +/- 10 mmHg, P = 0.3).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Although the exchange of carbohydrates with monounsaturated fats may not affect blood pressure in the short term, long-term consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet may modestly raise blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235-9052, USA.
authors.forename: Meena
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shah
authors.forename: Beverley
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Adams-Huet
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bantle
authors.forename: Robert R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Henry
authors.forename: Kay A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Griver
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Raatz
authors.forename: Linda J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Brinkley
authors.forename: Gerald M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Reaven
authors.forename: Abhimanyu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000097:blood*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002241:Carbohydrates; D005229:Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated