title: Role of oxidative stress in ERK and p38 MAPK activation induced by the chemical sensitizer DNFB in a fetal skin dendritic cell line.
abstract: The intracellular mechanisms involved in the early phase of dendritic cell (DC) activation upon contact with chemical sensitizers are not well known. The strong skin sensitizer 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was shown to induce the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in DC. In the present study, we investigated a putative role for oxidative stress in DNFB-induced MAPK activation and upregulation of the costimulatory molecule CD40. In a DC line generated from fetal mouse skin, DNFB induced a significant increase in protein oxidation, measured by the formation of carbonyl groups, while it had almost no effect on lipid peroxidation. The antioxidants glutathione and vitamin E, which inhibit protein and lipid oxidation, respectively, were used to assess the role of oxidative stress in DNFB-induced MAPK activation. Glutathione, but not vitamin E, inhibited DNFB-induced p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas none of the antioxidants interfered significantly with the DNFB-induced upregulation of CD40 protein levels. Taken together, these results indicate that DNFB activates p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 via production of reactive oxygen species, and that protein oxidation plays an important role in MAPK activation.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
authors.forename: Teresa J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Matos
authors.forename: Carlos B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Duarte
authors.forename: Margarida
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gonçalo
authors.forename: M Celeste
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lopes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019013:CD40 Antigens / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005978:Glutathione / Q000494:pharmacology; D008055:Lipids; D051379:Mice; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D018384:Oxidative Stress; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000196:embryology* / Q000276:immunology; D015854:Up-Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D019013:CD40 Antigens; D008055:Lipids; D014810:Vitamin E; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D005978:Glutathione