title: Role of oxidative stress in angiotensin-II mediated contraction of human conduit arteries in patients with cardiovascular disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Angiotensin II is a powerful vasoconstrictor involved in the development of high blood pressure and in the regulation of cardiovascular growth. Recent reports have suggested that in addition to the classical pathways involved in transducing responses to receptor activation, formation of reactive oxygen species by angiotensin II may also be involved. We investigated the importance of oxidative stress in angiotensin II induced contraction in human conduit arteries from patients with cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Isometric contraction studies using human radial arteries entailed probes modulating the redox-dependent reactions to define the oxidative pathways involved in angiotensin II contraction. In situ oxidative fluorescence was employed to detect immediate superoxide tissue production in radial and internal mammary arteries. Treatment with TEMPOL, human superoxide dismutase, diphenyleneiodonium, oxypurinol, NG-monomethyl L-arginine considerably decreased contractile response to angiotensin II in radial arteries. Similarly, angiotensin II-stimulated arterial superoxide production was reduced in the presence of the above inhibitors. On the contrary, used as controls, norepinephrine vasoconstriction was not associated with increase of superoxide and neither ciprofloxacin nor aminophylline altered basal or angiotensin II induced superoxide generation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings provide evidence for the role of oxidative pathways in contractile response of human conduit arteries to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II induced superoxide anion production may be mediated by multiple inter-dependent rate-limiting enzymes in both types of artery. Our studies may have important implication for future therapeutic approaches involving inhibition of angiotensin II mediated superoxide generation in hypertension and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We studied the role of oxidant species in contraction responses to angiotensin II in human conduit arteries. Treating radial artery segments with the anti-oxidants with a range of inhibitors, affecting the redox dependent pathways, markedly reduced contraction to angiotensin II. In parallel experiments, oxidative fluorescence was assessed and compared in human radial and internal mammary artery. Angiotensin II induced superoxide anion production may be mediated by multiple inter-dependent rate-limiting enzymes in both types of artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac and Vascular Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK. vgiacome@sgul.ac.uk
authors.forename: Valentina O
authors.initials: VO
authors.lastname: Püntmann
authors.forename: Monira B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Qingbo
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Donald R J
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Singer
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000503:physiopathology; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects; D016877:Oxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System / Q000502:physiology; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016877:Oxidants; D013481:Superoxides; D000804:Angiotensin II