title: Effects of antithrombin and heparin cofactor II levels on anticoagulation with Intimatan.
abstract: Heparin is the current mainstay drug for anticoagulation during cardiac surgery, but it requires normal levels of antithrombin (AT) for optimal anticoagulation. Heparin anticoagulation may be less effective in cardiac surgical patients because of decreased AT levels due to the prolonged heparin therapy. Therefore, other anticoagulants that would work well in AT deficient patients may be more desirable. One such agent currently being evaluated is Intimatan, which catalyzes heparin cofactor II (HCII) dependent inhibition of thrombin. In the current in vitro study we examined the effects of Intimatan (20 microg/ml), heparin (0.25 U/ml), or both drugs in combination on thrombin generation in plasma with decreasing levels of AT, HCII or both cofactors, using a novel method based on the continuous measurement of thrombin generation. For the study, we collected blood samples from healthy volunteers, isolated platelet poor plasma by centrifugation and mixed it with AT, HCII, or AT-HCII deficient plasma samples to achieve different levels of AT, HCII and AT-HCII. Thrombin generation was inhibited equally well with heparin or Intimatan when the level of their respective cofactors was within the normal range. With decreasing levels of AT or HCII, heparin and Intimatan became less effective in thrombin inhibition, respectively. With the absence of both cofactors, neither agent alone or in combination had any effect on thrombin generation. We conclude that Intimatan may be an effective adjunct to heparin therapy under low AT conditions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, The Emory Healthcare, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. kenichi.tanaka@emoryhealthcare.org
authors.forename: Kenichi A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Fania
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Szlam
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vinten-Johansen
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Cardin
authors.forename: Jerrold H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Levy
mesh_terms: D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II / Q000819:agonists* / Q000172:deficiency / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D010314:Partial Thromboplastin Time; D011517:Prothrombin Time; D013917:Thrombin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; C416431:intimatan; D003871:Dermatan Sulfate; D015844:Heparin Cofactor II; D006493:Heparin; D013917:Thrombin