title: Morphological impairments in retinal neurons of the scotopic visual pathway in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease.
abstract: Physiological abnormalities resulting from death of dopaminergic neurons of the central nervous system in Parkinson's disease also extend to the retina, resulting in impaired visual functions. In both parkinsonian patients and animal models, low levels of dopamine and loss of dopaminergic cells in the retina have been reported. However, the morphology and connectivity of their postsynaptic neurons, the amacrine cells, have not been analyzed. Here we report, with macaques chronically treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as a model of Parkinson's disease, that morphological impairments in dopaminergic retinal neurons and their plexus in the inner retina are accompanied by an immunoreactivity decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic amacrine cells. Especially deteriorated were AII amacrine cells, the main neuronal subtype postsynaptic to dopaminergic cells, which exhibited a marked loss of lobular appendages and dendritic processes. Concomitantly, electrical synapses among AII cells, as well as chemical synapses between these and rod bipolar cells, were highly deteriorated in parkinsonian monkeys. These results highlight that the scotopic visual pathway is severely impaired in the parkinsonian condition and provide a morphological basis for a number of abnormalities found in electrophysiological and psychophysical trials in Parkinson's disease patients and animal models.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Alicante, Campus San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain. cuenca@ua.es
authors.forename: Nicolás
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Cuenca
authors.forename: María-Trinidad
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Herrero
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angulo
authors.forename: Emilio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de Juan
authors.forename: Gema C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Martínez-Navarrete
authors.forename: Salvador
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: López
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barcia
authors.forename: José
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Martín-Nieto
mesh_terms: D025042:Amacrine Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D008297:Male; D020734:Parkinsonian Disorders / Q000473:pathology*; D012160:Retina / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D051245:Retinal Bipolar Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000473:pathology; D013569:Synapses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine