Mitochondrial respiratory chain and free radical generation in stroke.
Being the second most common cause of death in the industrial countries and one of the major causes of death and disability, stroke has a great effect on public health and is the neurological disease which accounts for the largest number of hospitalizations. In order to develop new treatments, biochemical mechanisms involved in brain damage have been investigated. Among them, oxidant species generated during stroke have been implicated as critical mediators of neuronal injury in this condition, although neuroprotective roles have also been demonstrated. This review is focused on the role of the mitochondrial respiratory chain as both source and target of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species such as nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite produced in cerebral ischemia. The neuroprotective role of antioxidants or other molecules acting on the mitochondrial respiratory chain and ATP synthesis in the setting of cerebral ischemia is discussed.
Moro
María A
MA
Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Almeida
Angeles
A
Bolaños
Juan P
JP
Lizasoain
Ignacio
I
D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I / Q000502:physiology*; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000473:pathology; D008954:Models, Biological; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D016877:Oxidants / Q000737:chemistry; D010100:Oxygen / Q000737:chemistry; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D020521:Stroke / Q000473:pathology*; D013481:Superoxides / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
D000975:Antioxidants; D045222:Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins; D005609:Free Radicals; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D016877:Oxidants; D013481:Superoxides; D030421:Peroxynitrous Acid; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D042967:Electron Transport Complex I; D010100:Oxygen