title: Control of the phytopathogen Botrytis cinerea using adipic acid monoethyl ester.
abstract: The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of adipic acid monoethyl ester (AAME) on the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea has been studied. This chemical effectively controlled this important phytopathogen, inhibited spore germination and mycelium development at non-phytotoxic concentrations. The effectiveness of AAME treatment is concentration-dependent and influenced by pH. Spore germination in the presence of AAME is stopped at a very early stage, preventing germ tube development. In addition, cytological changes such as retraction of the conidial cytoplasm in the fungus are observed. AAME was also found to act on membrane integrity, affecting permeability without exhibiting lytic activity, as described previously for other antifungal compounds. Polyamine content in the mycelium of B. cinerea was also affected in response to AAME treatment, resulting in putrescine reduction and spermine accumulation similar to a number of antifungal agents. Microscopic observation of treated conidia after inoculation on tomato leaves suggested that inhibited spores are not able to attach to and penetrate the leaf. Finally, AAME completely suppressed the grey mould disease of tomato fruits under controlled inoculation conditions, providing evidence for its efficacy in a biological context and for the potential use of this chemical as an alternative fungicide treatment.
authors.affiliation: Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales, Campus Riu Sec E.S.T.C.E, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
authors.forename: Begonya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vicedo
authors.forename: María
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: de la O Leyva
authors.forename: Víctor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Flors
authors.forename: Ivan
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Finiti
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Amo
authors.forename: Dale
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Maria Dolores
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Real
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: García-Agustín
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: González-Bosch
mesh_terms: D000272:Adipates; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020171:Botrytis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology; D004952:Esters / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000272:Adipates; D000935:Antifungal Agents; D004952:Esters; C439621:adipic acid monoethyl ester