title: Apoptosis inhibition in ischemic brain by intraperitoneal PTD-BIR3-RING (XIAP).
abstract: Anti-apoptotic treatment is a promising strategy for neuroprotection against various brain injuries resulting from ischemia or neuron degeneration. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is regarded as the most effective apoptosis inhibitor, in which C-terminal structure BIR3-RING mainly inhibits caspase-9-dependent apoptosis. In the present study, we fused XIAP (BIR3-RING) to the protein transduction domain (PTD) of antennapedia homeodomain of Drosophila (Antp HD), and then used the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced hippocampal slices injury in vitro, and the rat transient middle cerebral artery ischemia (tMCAO) models in vivo, to explore the anti-apoptotic effect of this recombinant protein. The results showed that the PTD could efficiently mediate the transduction of BIR3-RING into the hippocampal slices and rat brains. PTD-BIR3-RING could decrease OGD-induced cell death in brain slices (p < 0.05). Intraperitoneal injection of PTD-BIR3-RING could attenuate terminal deoynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) positive cells and decrease cleaved caspase-3 in the ischemic bounder zone compared with the control animals (p < 0.05). Further studies showed that ischemia-induced neurological outcomes were improved in rats with PTD-BIR3-RING treatment (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that PTD-BIR3-RING could attenuate cell death in OGD hippocampal slices and decrease cell apoptosis in tMCAO brains through inhibiting of caspase-3 cleavage, suggesting that PTD-mediated protein transduction provides a novel and effective approach for the therapies of brain diseases such as cerebral ischemia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Hua-Shan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, PR China.
authors.forename: Yong-Feng
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Chuan-Zhen
authors.initials: CZ
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Yan-Xin
authors.initials: YX
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guo-Yuan
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Yang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D001483:Base Sequence; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D019556:COS Cells; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D017931:DNA Primers; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D051636:X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein