title: Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like profiles of the galanin-3 receptor (Gal3) antagonists SNAP 37889 and SNAP 398299.
abstract: The neuropeptide galanin mediates its effects through the receptor subtypes Gal(1), Gal(2), and Gal(3) and has been implicated in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Nevertheless, the receptor subtypes relevant to these behaviors are not known because of the lack of available galanin-selective ligands. In this article, we use behavioral, neurochemical, and electrophysiological approaches to investigate the anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of two potent small-molecule, Gal(3)-selective antagonists, SNAP 37889 and the more soluble analog SNAP 398299. Acute administration of SNAP 37889 or SNAP 398299 enhanced rat social interaction. Furthermore, acute SNAP 37889 was also shown to reduce guinea pig vocalizations after maternal separation, to attenuate stress-induced hyperthermia in mice, to increase punished drinking in rats, and to decrease immobility and increase swimming time during forced swim tests with rats. Moreover, SNAP 37889 increased the social interaction time after 14 days of treatment and maintained its antidepressant effects during forced swim tests with rats after 21 days of treatment. In microdialysis studies, SNAP 37889 partially antagonized the galanin-evoked reduction in hippocampal serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), as did the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100635. Their combination produced a complete reversal of the effect of galanin. SNAP 398299 partially reversed the galanin-evoked inhibition of dorsal raphe cell firing and galanin-evoked hyperpolarizing currents. These results indicate that Gal(3)-selective antagonists produce anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects, possibly by attenuating the inhibitory influence of galanin on 5-HT transmission at the level of the dorsal raphe nucleus.
authors.affiliation: Lundbeck Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ 07652-1431, USA. chjs@lundeck.com
authors.forename: Chad J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: Thomas P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Blackburn
authors.forename: Xuexiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Kang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Zhi-Qing David
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hökfelt
authors.forename: Toni D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wolinsky
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Konkel
authors.forename: Heidi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Huailing
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zhong
authors.forename: Mary W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Douglas A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: Christophe P G
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Gerald
authors.forename: Theresa A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Branchek
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D002460:Cell Line; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D010879:Piperazines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000378:metabolism; D012919:Social Behavior; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: C510289:1-(3-(2-pyrrolidinylethoxy)phenyl)-3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)azamethylene)benzo(d)azolin-2-one; C510288:1-phenyl-3-((3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)imino)-1H-indol-2-one; D007211:Indoles; D010879:Piperazines; D011725:Pyridines; D011759:Pyrrolidines; D044093:Receptor, Galanin, Type 3; D012701:Serotonin; C090413:N-(2-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl)ethyl)-N-(2-pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide