title: The apolipoprotein B/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome independently predict risk for myocardial infarction in middle-aged men.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Both the metabolic syndrome and an increased apolipoprotein B/AI (apoB/AI) ratio are powerful risk factors for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that the apoB/AI ratio well-characterizes the dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and investigated those relations and if the apoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome independently predicted subsequent myocardial infarction (MI).
  
  
  RESULTS
  A community-based sample of 1826 men aged 50 was investigated at baseline and again at age 70. ApoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome (National Cholesterol Education Program definition) were evaluated, and the incidence of fatal and nonfatal MI was followed for a median of 26.8 years from the age 50 baseline. ApoB/AI ratio was significantly higher in men with versus without the metabolic syndrome (P<0.0001), and increased with the number of components defining the syndrome (P<0.0001). ApoB/AI ratio was inversely related to euglycemic insulin clamp glucose disposal rate at age 70 (r=-0.34, P<0.0001). During follow-up from age 50, 462 subjects developed an MI. An apoB/AI ratio > or =0.9 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15 to 1.91) and presence of the metabolic syndrome (HR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.21) at baseline were independent predictors for MI, adjusting for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and smoking.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The apoB/AI ratio was related to the metabolic syndrome, as well as to a direct measurement of insulin resistance. Despite this, the apoB/AI ratio and the metabolic syndrome were both independent long-term predictors of MI in a community-based sample of middle-aged men.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden.
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vessby
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sundström
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000097:blood*; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D015415:Biomarkers