title: Design, synthesis, and biochemical evaluation of 1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-6,7-dioxo-9-D-ribitylaminolumazines bearing alkyl phosphate substituents as inhibitors of lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase.
abstract: The last two steps in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, an essential metabolite that is involved in electron transport, are catalyzed by lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase. To obtain structural probes and inhibitors of these two enzymes, two ribityllumazinediones bearing alkyl phosphate substituents were synthesized. The synthesis involved the generation of the ribityl side chain, the phosphate side chain, and the lumazine system in protected form, followed by the simultaneous removal of three different types of protecting groups. The products were designed as intermediate analogue inhibitors of lumazine synthase that would bind to its phosphate-binding site as well as its lumazine binding site. Both compounds were found to be effective inhibitors of Bacillus subtilislumazine synthase as well as Escherichia coli riboflavin synthase. Molecular modeling of the binding of one of the two compounds provided a structural explanation for how these compounds are able to effectively inhibit both enzymes. In phosphate-free buffer, the phosphate moieties of the inhibitors were found to contribute positively to their binding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis lumazine synthase, resulting in very potent inhibitors with Ki values in the low nanomolar range. The additional carbonyl in the dioxolumazine system versus the purinetrione system was found to make a positive contribution to its binding to E. coli riboflavin synthase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA. cushman@pharmacy.purdue.edu
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cushman
authors.forename: Guangyi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Thota
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sambaiah
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Illarionov
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: Rudolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ladenstein
authors.forename: Adelbert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bacher
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008958:Models, Molecular; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D011621:Pteridines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D012258:Riboflavin Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D011621:Pteridines; C008297:lumazine; C044822:6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine synthase; D012258:Riboflavin Synthase