title: Gli1, downregulated in colorectal cancers, inhibits proliferation of colon cancer cells involving Wnt signalling activation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Early events in the progression of 90% of sporadic colorectal cancers depend on constitutive activation of Wnt signalling. Recent data also indicate a close association between the Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt pathways in colonic epithelial cell differentiation.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether expression of Gli1, a transactivator of Hh signalling, can suppress Wnt signalling and inhibit proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gli1 and nuclear beta-catenin expression were examined in a series of 40 human colorectal cancers by immunohistochemistry. We quantified Gli1 and nuclear beta-catenin staining as markers of Hh and Wnt pathway activation, respectively. Two human colon cancer cell lines, SW480 and HCT116, with mutations in APC and beta-catenin, respectively, were used. The effects of Gli1 overexpression on Wnt transcriptional activity, beta-catenin subcellular distribution, and proliferation in these cells were analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and the Gli1 staining level were inversely associated in the 40 human colorectal cancers. Wnt transcriptional activity was reduced in Gli1 transfected cells. These effects were observed even in Gli1 transfected cells cotransfected with mutated beta-catenin. Furthermore, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin was diminished compared with that in empty vector transfected cells, and downregulated transcription of c-Myc was observed in Gli1 transfected cells. Proliferation of Gli1 transfected cells was also significantly suppressed compared with that in empty vector transfected cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data suggest that Gli1 plays an inhibitory role in the development of colorectal cancer involving Wnt signalling, even in cases with the stabilising mutation of beta-catenin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Therapy and Research, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Akiyoshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koga
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Katano
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D015536:Down-Regulation; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014162:Transfection / Q000379:methods; D051155:Wnt1 Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; D051176:beta Catenin / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; C117596:HHIP protein, human; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; D015534:Trans-Activators; D014157:Transcription Factors; D051155:Wnt1 Protein; D000071676:Zinc Finger Protein GLI1; D051176:beta Catenin