title: Rapid neurotransmitter uncaging in spatially defined patterns.
abstract: Light-sensitive 'caged' molecules provide a means of rapidly and noninvasively manipulating biochemical signals with submicron spatial resolution. Here we describe a new optical system for rapid uncaging in arbitrary patterns to emulate complex neural activity. This system uses TeO(2) acousto-optical deflectors to steer an ultraviolet beam rapidly and can uncage at over 20,000 locations per second. The uncaging beam is projected into the focal plane of a two-photon microscope, allowing us to combine patterned uncaging with imaging and electrophysiology. By photolyzing caged neurotransmitter in brain slices we can generate precise, complex activity patterns for dendritic integration. The method can also be used to activate many presynaptic neurons at once. Patterned uncaging opens new vistas in the study of signal integration and plasticity in neuronal circuits and other biological systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
authors.forename: Shy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shoham
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Dmitry V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Sarkisov
authors.forename: Samuel S-H
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D003712:Dendrites / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D007211:Indoles / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D010782:Photolysis / Q000528:radiation effects; D017729:Presynaptic Terminals / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays
chemical_list: C440256:4-methoxy-7-nitroindolinyl-glutamate; D005971:Glutamates; D007211:Indoles; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents