title: The carboxyl-terminal domain of inducible Hsp70 protects from ischemic injury in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: Heat shock protein (Hsp)70 can suppress both necrosis and apoptosis induced by various injuries in vivo and in vitro. However, the relative importance of different functions and binding partners of Hsp70 in ischemic protection is unknown. To explore this question, we tested the ability of Hsp70-K71E, an adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase-deficient point mutant, and Hsp70-381-640, a deletion mutant lacking the ATPase domain and encoding the carboxyl-terminal portion, to protect against ischemia-like injury in vivo and in vitro. Heat shock protein 70-wild type (-WT), -K71E, -381-640, and control vector plasmid LXSN were expressed in primary murine astrocyte cultures. Astrocytes overexpressing Hsp70-WT, -K71E, or -381-640 were all significantly protected from 4 h combined oxygen-glucose deprivation and 24 h reperfusion when assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay or propidium iodide staining and cell counting (P < 0.05). Brains of rats were transfected with plasmids encoding Hsp70-WT, -K71E, -381-640, or LXSN 24 h before 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 24 h reperfusion. Animals that overexpressed either of the mutant proteins or Hsp70-WT had significantly better neurological scores and smaller infarcts than control animals. Protection by both mutants was associated with reduced protein aggregation, as assessed by ubiquitin immunohistochemistry and reduced nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor. The results show that the carboxyl-terminal portion of Hsp70 is sufficient for neuroprotection. This indicates that neither the ability to fold denatured proteins nor interactions with cochaperones or other proteins that bind the amino-terminal half of Hsp70 are essential to ischemic protection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5117, USA.
authors.forename: Yunjuan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Yi-Bing
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Lijun
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ari Man-Yi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Chow
authors.forename: Robin
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: James G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Hecker
authors.forename: Rona G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Giffard
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D001253:Astrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016923:Cell Death / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D020244:Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology; D017354:Point Mutation; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary / Q000235:genetics; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D025801:Ubiquitin; D005947:Glucose; D010100:Oxygen