title: Comparison of characteristics and survival of colorectal cancer between Japanese-Americans in Hawaii and native Japanese in Japan.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study was designed to investigate whether characteristics, prognostic risk factors, and survival of colorectal cancer of Japanese-Americans in Hawaii are different from those of native Japanese in Japan.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of patients with colorectal cancer surgically resected in single institutions in Hawaii and Japan from 1996 to 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 410 Japanese-American patients (218 males; median age, 73 years) and 621 native Japanese patients (382 males; median age, 65 years) were included. There were significant differences in age (P < 0.001), age distribution (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.008), preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (P < 0.001), and anatomic site distribution (P < 0.001). The tumor characteristics of Japanese-American patients were close to the general American population compared with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. There were no differences in tumor size, histologic grade, each of T, N, M status and TNM stage between the two groups. The overall five-year survival rates (Japanese-Americans, 75.5 percent; native Japanese, 76.2 percent; P = 0.55) and survival rates in each of four stratified stages were similar. Risk factors associated with survival were not different, except for carcinoembryonic antigen (P = 0.036).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with colorectal cancer in Japanese-Americans in Hawaii, some of tumor characteristics have changed from those of native Japanese in Japan. However, there are no remarkable differences in prognostic factors and survival between the two groups. The present study suggests that certain changes of colorectal cancer characteristics that were seen in Japanese-American may occur in native Japanese in Japan in the near future, although the survival outcome of colorectal cancer may remain the same.
authors.affiliation: Department of Coloproctological Surgery, School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. kazusaka@med.juntendo.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazuhiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Machi
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Prygrocki
authors.forename: Tomoo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Seiya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: Masahiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Yuichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tomiki
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kamano
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D044466:Asian People; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000208:ethnology* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006254:Hawaii / Q000208:ethnology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D017678:Sex Distribution; D015996:Survival Rate