title: Accumulated chromosomal instability in murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells leads to malignant transformation.
abstract: Despite recent emerging evidence suggesting that cancer stem cells subsist in a variety of tumors, it is not yet fully elucidated whether postnatal stem cells are directly involved in tumorigenesis. We used murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) as a model to test a hypothesis that tumorigenesis may originate from spontaneous mutation of stem cells. In this study, we demonstrated that murine BMMSCs, after numerous passages, obtained unlimited population doublings and proceeded to a malignant transformation state, resulting in fibrosarcoma formation in vivo. Transformed BMMSCs colonized to multiple organs when delivered systemically through the tail vein. Fibrosarcoma cells formed by transformed BMMSCs contained cancer progenitors, which were capable of generating colony clusters in vitro and fibrosarcoma in vivo by the second administration. The mechanism by which BMMSCs transformed to malignant cells was associated with accumulated chromosomal abnormalities, gradual elevation in telomerase activity, and increased c-myc expression. Moreover, BMMSCs and their transformed counterpart, fibrosarcoma-forming cells, demonstrated different sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs. BMMSCs/fibrosarcoma transformation system may provide an ideal system to elucidate the mechanism of how stem cells become cancer cells and to screen anti-sarcoma drugs.
authors.affiliation: Dental Biology Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 30, Room 131, 30 Convent Drive MSC4320, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miura
authors.forename: Hesed M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Padilla-Nash
authors.forename: Alfredo A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Molinolo
authors.forename: Baojin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Vyomesh
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Patel
authors.forename: Byoung-Moo
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Seo
authors.forename: Wataru
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sonoyama
authors.forename: Jenny J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Carl C
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Wanjun
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ried
authors.forename: Songtao
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics*; D043171:Chromosomal Instability; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005354:Fibrosarcoma / Q000209:etiology / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D045164:Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000473:pathology*; D051379:Mice; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009154:Mutation; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay