title: Oxygen pulse during exercise is related to resting systolic and diastolic left ventricular function in older persons with mild hypertension.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The mechanisms responsible for impaired cardiovascular hemodynamics during exercise among persons with milder forms of hypertension are not well documented. We examined the relationship of oxygen pulse during exercise, a correlate of stroke volume, with echocardiographic indices of resting left ventricular function to determine whether abnormal contractility and relaxation are related to abnormal cardiovascular dynamics during exercise among such persons.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects were 44 men and 55 women ages 55 to 75 years with mild hypertension but who were otherwise healthy. Resting left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions were assessed with 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging. Oxygen pulse (millimeters per beat) at rest and during multistage treadmill testing was derived from measurements of oxygen consumption and heart rate. The slope of oxygen pulse between successive exercise stages was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After a steep rise in oxygen pulse from rest to stage 1 of exercise, a markedly diminished oxygen pulse slope was seen between subsequent exercise stages. In stepwise regression analysis, the increase in the slope of oxygen pulse from rest to stage 1 was explained by a greater lean body mass (57%, P < .001) and a larger left atrial size (2%, P < .001). After exercise stage 1, the increase in the slope of oxygen pulse was explained by sex (24%, P < .001), higher mitral E/A ratio (6%, P < .001), and higher mitral annular systolic velocity (6%, P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that a blunted oxygen pulse response to exercise among older persons with milder forms of hypertension may reflect impaired left ventricular stroke volume changes during exercise secondary to subtle abnormalities in both systolic and diastolic left ventricular functions.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Jimmy G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Timothy J
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: McAveney
authors.forename: Jerome L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Fleg
authors.forename: Edward P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Shapiro
authors.forename: Katherine L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Anita C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bacher
authors.forename: Pamela
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: Kerry J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology*; D011674:Pulse; D012146:Rest / Q000502:physiology*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen