title: Negative transcriptional regulation of human colonic smooth muscle Cav1.2 channels by p50 and p65 subunits of nuclear factor-kappaB.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The expression of Cav1.2 channels in colonic circular smooth muscle cells and the contractility of these cells are suppressed in inflammation. Our aim was to investigate whether the activation of p50 and p65 nuclear factor-kappaB subunits mediates these effects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Primary cultures of human colonic circular smooth muscle cells and muscle strips were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The messenger RNA and protein expression of the pore-forming alpha1C subunit of Cav1.2 channels decreased time dependently in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha. This effect was blocked by prior transient transfection of the cells with antisense oligonucleotides to p50 or p65. The overexpression of p50 and p65 inhibited the constitutive expression of alpha1C. Three putative kappaB binding motifs were identified on the 5' flanking region of exon 1b of the human L-type calcium channel alpha1C gene. Progressive 5' deletions of the promoter and point mutations of the kappaB binding motifs indicated that the two 5' binding sites, but not the third 3' binding site, were essential for the suppression of alpha1C. Transient transfection of human colonic circular muscle strips with antisense oligonucleotides to p50 and p65 decreased expression of the 2 nuclear factor-kappaB units and reversed the suppression of alpha1C, as well as that of the contractile response to acetylcholine, by 24 hours of treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The activation of p50 and p65 by tumor necrosis factor alpha suppresses the expression of the alpha1C subunit of Cav1.2 channels in human colonic circular smooth muscle cells and their contractile response to acetylcholine. Nuclear factor-kappaB must bind concurrently to the two 5' kappaB motifs on the promoter of alpha1C to produce this effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Enteric Neuromuscular Disorders and Visceral Pain Center, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1064, USA.
authors.forename: Xuan-Zheng
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Konrad
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Pazdrak
authors.forename: Nehad
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saada
authors.forename: Bosong
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Palade
authors.forename: Sushil K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Sarna
mesh_terms: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type / Q000235:genetics*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003106:Colon / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D006801:Humans; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D032389:Myocytes, Smooth Muscle / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology; D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit / Q000378:metabolism*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D020746:Calcium Channels, L-Type; C419385:L-type calcium channel alpha(1C); D052002:NF-kappa B p50 Subunit; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D051996:Transcription Factor RelA