title: Quantitative ultrasound measurements at the calcaneus in natural and surgically induced menopause.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to assess skeletal status in natural and surgically induced menopausal women regarding the presence of previous osteoporotic fracture.
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-three females after bilateral oophorectomy in mean age of 56.8+/-8.3y. (48 without and 45 with fracture, groups 1 and 2, respectively) and 285 females with natural menopause in mean age of 56.4+/-7.0y (176 without and 109 with fracture, groups 3 and 4, respectively) were studied. Mean age, age of menopause, years since menopause (YSM), duration of fertile period (durFER) and body size did not differ between women after surgical and natural menopause and between non-fractured and fractured groups. No additional factors known to influence bone metabolism (either diseases or medications) or osteoporosis treatment were noted in the subjects studied. Skeletal status was evaluated by quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of the calcaneum using the Achilles system (Lunar, USA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Calcaneal QUS results were significantly higher: in women after natural than surgical menopause (p<0.05), in non-fractured females after natural menopause than in non-fractured females after surgical menopause (p<0.001) and in women after natural menopause without fracture compared with those with fracture (p<0.000001). The same comparisons between fractured groups and between women after surgical menopause with and without fracture revealed no significant differences. QUS parameters were regressed in a stepwise, multiple regression analysis on age, YSM, durFER, weight and height for all groups. In group 1, YSM had a negative influence and durFER was a protective factor; in group 2, age and durFER were a negative factors and YSM had no influence; in group 3, age and YSM were a negative factors (no role of durFER) and in group 4, only YSM had a negative influence, and durFER was a protective factor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical menopause seems to be a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture because of low ultrasound values.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathomorphology, Silesian School of Medicine, 3 Maja 13/15 Street, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland. bognadr@poczta.onet.pl
authors.forename: Bogna
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Drozdzowska
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002111:Calcaneus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010052:Ovariectomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015995:Prevalence; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014463:Ultrasonography