title: Immune response in human visceral leishmaniasis: analysis of the correlation between innate immunity cytokine profile and disease outcome.
abstract: We investigated the cytokine profile of cells of the innate immune response and its association with active (ACT), asymptomatic (AS) and cured (CUR) human visceral leishmaniasis (VL), as well as noninfected (NI) subjects. The frequency of cytokine-producing cells was determined after short-term in vitro incubation of whole peripheral blood samples with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA). Our data demonstrated a predominant type 2 cytokine profile in NI and ACT. In NI, we observed an increase of IL-4+ neutrophils, IL-10+ eosinophils besides a decrease of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha+ eosinophils/monocytes. Yet in ACT, we observed an increase of IL-4+ neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells and IL-10+ monocytes, a reduced frequency of IL-12+ and IFN-gamma+ eosinophils and lower levels of TNF-alpha+ and IL-12+ monocytes. AS presented a mixed profile, characterized by an increase of IFN-gamma+ neutrophils/eosinophils and NK cells, of IL-12+ eosinophils/monocytes, as well as increase of IL-4+ neutrophils and NK cells and IL-10+ eosinophils/monocytes. In contrast, CUR was characterized by a type 1 response with an increase of IFN-gamma+ neutrophils/eosinophils and NK cells, associated with an increase in IL-12+ monocytes. In conclusion, we show a correlation between innate immune cytokine patterns and clinical status of VL, suggesting that these cells, in addition to other factors, may contribute to the cytokine microenvironment in which Leishmania-specific T cells are primed and to disease outcome.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, FIOCRUZ, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerias, Brazil.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Peruhype-Magalhães
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Martins-Filho
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prata
authors.forename: L de A
authors.initials: Lde A
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rabello
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teixeira-Carvalho
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Figueiredo
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Guimarães-Carvalho
authors.forename: T C A
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Correa-Oliveira
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000494:pharmacology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D004804:Eosinophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000276:immunology*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000378:metabolism; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000378:metabolism; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D016207:Cytokines; D015848:Interleukin-5; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016753:Interleukin-10; D018664:Interleukin-12; D015847:Interleukin-4; D007371:Interferon-gamma