title: Value of bilirubin oxidase and its mutants in the diagnosis of hyperbilirubinemia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the significance of the coordination amino acid residues in bilirubin oxidase (BO) and their kinetic characteristics, and evaluate whether BO mutants may serve as better diagnostic agent for hyperbilirubinemia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The BO mutants I402G and C457S were obtained by site-directed mutagenesis and confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. Ru-incorporated C457S mutant was obtained by direct incubation of ruthenium compounds with the mutant. The electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the recombinant BO and the mutants were investigated, and the enzyme kinetics of the recombinant BO and I402G mutant were measured with bilirubin as the substrate at 25 degrees C.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The BO mutants were expressed and purified successfully. The mutant I402G showed low enzyme activity, and had C457S virtually no enzyme activity. Nevertheless Ru-incorporation conferred higher enzyme activity to C457S mutant. The enzyme kinetic investigations revealed that the kinetic parameter k(cat) of the recombinant BO and I402G mutant was 235.8 min(-1) and 6.9 min(-1), respectively, suggesting higher enzyme activity of the recombinant BO.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The coordinating amino acids have important significance in maintaining the integrity of active centers and enzyme activities of recombinant BO and its mutants. The enzyme activities of the mutants I402G and C457S are much lower than those of recombinant BO, therefore they are not appropriate for diagnostic purpose. Ru-incorporation facilitates the formation of a new intact active center in C457S mutant, which therefore acquires enzyme activity.
authors.affiliation: Biopharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China. lzhangce@scut.edu.cn
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiao
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Zhi-Ying
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D001236:Aspergillus oryzae / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D006932:Hyperbilirubinemia / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044925:Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors; C042401:bilirubin oxidase; D001663:Bilirubin