title: Deep-breathing exercises reduce atelectasis and improve pulmonary function after coronary artery bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of deep-breathing exercises on pulmonary function, atelectasis, and arterial blood gas levels after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized trial, patients performing deep-breathing exercises (n = 48) were compared to a control group (n = 42) who performed no breathing exercises postoperatively. Patient management was similar in the groups in terms of assessment, positioning, and mobility.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patients in the deep-breathing group were instructed to perform breathing exercises hourly during daytime for the first 4 postoperative days. The exercises consisted of 30 slow, deep breaths performed with a positive expiratory pressure blow-bottle device (+ 10 cm H(2)O).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Spirometric measurements, spiral CT (three transverse levels), arterial blood gas analysis, and scoring of subjective experience of the breathing exercises were performed on the fourth postoperative day. Atelectasis was only half the size in the deep-breathing group compared to the control group, amounting to 2.6 +/- 2.2% vs 4.7 +/- 5.7% (p = 0.045) at the basal level and 0.1 +/- 0.2% vs 0.3 +/- 0.5% (mean +/- SD) [p = 0.01] at the apical level. Compared to the control subjects, the patients in the deep-breathing group had a significantly smaller reduction in FVC (to 71 +/- 12%, vs 64 +/- 13% of the preoperative values; p = 0.01) and FEV(1) (to 71 +/- 11%, vs 65 +/- 13% of the preoperative values; p = 0.01). Arterial oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, fever, or length of ICU or hospital stay did not differ between the groups. In the deep-breathing group, 72% of the patients experienced a subjective benefit from the exercises.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Patients performing deep-breathing exercises after CABG surgery had significantly smaller atelectatic areas and better pulmonary function on the fourth postoperative day compared to a control group performing no exercises.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Physiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden. elisabeth.westerdahl@orebroll.se
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Westerdahl
authors.forename: Birgitta
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lindmark
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Eriksson
authors.forename: Orjan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Friberg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hedenstierna
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tenling
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001945:Breathing Exercises; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011446:Prospective Studies; D001261:Pulmonary Atelectasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000517:prevention & control*; D013147:Spirometry; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen