title: Clinical evaluations of sustained calculus control by Colgate Simply White dentifrice using an in-situ appliance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Two clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the dental calculus control efficacy of Colgate Simply White dentifrice versus a positive and a negative control dentifrice, using a published intra-oral appliance and monitoring the prevention of calcium deposition, an indicator of early dental calculus formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Healthy human volunteers entered into the two double-blind, cross-over studies. An intra-oral appliance was custom-made for each subject. After brushing with an assigned dentifrice, each subject wore his or her appliance for four daytime hours (study 1) or 12 overnight hours (study 2). When the appliance was removed, it was washed, suspended in 0.1 M HCl to release Ca++ from deposits, and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) for deposited calcium. The three dentifrices studied were Colgate Simply White (CSW), Colgate Regular dentifrice (CR), and Colgate Tartar Control Whitening (CTW). There was a one-week wash-out period between each product use.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were no side effects observed or reported in either study. In both the four- and 12-hour studies, CSW and CTW had significantly lower calcium uptake compared to CR (p < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between CSW and CTW in efficacy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this research demonstrate that Colgate Simply White dentifrice provides four- and 12-hour calculus control efficacy, superior to a standard dentifrice and comparable to a commercial anti-tartar dentifrice.
authors.affiliation: Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
authors.forename: Rose
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Celia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Van Voorhis
authors.forename: Cheryl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terpak
authors.forename: Virginia M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Xu
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis; D045424:Complex Mixtures / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003728:Dental Calculus / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003802:Dentifrices / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005942:Gluconates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D012969:Sodium Fluoride / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014100:Toothpastes
chemical_list: D045424:Complex Mixtures; D003802:Dentifrices; D005942:Gluconates; D011122:Polyphosphates; D014100:Toothpastes; C546060:hydrated silica gel-based toothpaste; D012824:Silicic Acid; D012822:Silicon Dioxide; D012969:Sodium Fluoride; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002118:Calcium