title: Effect of a long-term fire retardant (Fire Trol 934) on the germination of nine Mediterranean-type shrub species.
abstract: Fire Trol 934 is a long-term fire retardant commonly used in fire prevention and extinction. Our objective was to determine the effect of this chemical on seed germination of nine plant species from Mediterranean-type shrublands, where these chemicals are potentially used. Seeds were exposed to five different Fire Trol concentrations, (0 (control) to 10%, on a log scale) and monitored in a germination chamber for nine weeks. Seeds from four Cistus species were subjected to an additional heat treatment that simulated thermal scarification caused by fire. Retardant exposure caused a significant decrease in total germination in all species, and exposure to the highest Fire Trol concentration (10%) resulted in complete inhibition of germination. However, the sensitivity to Fire Trol varied across species and this differential species sensitivity may potentially lead to different impacts in the soil seed banks depending on whether sites are burned or unburned. Exposure to Fire Trol 934 may affect recruitment of shrubland species particularly during dry autumns, due to limited leaching of these chemicals from the soil surface. Consequently, its use should be avoided in sites where particularly sensitive plant species are present.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Ciencias del Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, E-45071, Toledo, Spain. Alberto.Cruz@uclm.es
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Marián
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Serrano
authors.forename: Esther
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Belén
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Luna
authors.forename: José M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreno
mesh_terms: D030601:Cistaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D004777:Environment; D029791:Ericaceae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology; D005411:Flame Retardants / Q000633:toxicity*; D018525:Germination / Q000187:drug effects*; D011122:Polyphosphates / Q000633:toxicity*; D012639:Seeds / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013030:Spain; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: C508049:Fire Trol 934; D005411:Flame Retardants; D011122:Polyphosphates