title: Test of the definition of learning disability based on the difference between IQ and achievement.
abstract: A learning disability is commonly defined as a discrepancy between IQ and achievement. This has been criticized for identifying too many children as having a learning disability who have high IQs and average academic achievement. Such overidentification as actually occurred was assessed in 473 referred children (8-16 years, M= 10, SD=2) with normal intelligence. Learning disability was defined as a significant discrepancy (p<.05) between predicted and obtained achievement in reading, mathematics, or written expression on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. Predicted achievement was based on the child's WISC-III Full Scale IQ. Overidentification was considered to occur when a child scored at or above age level in reading, mathematics, and writing but still had a significant discrepancy between predicted and obtained achievement by virtue of a high IQ. Learning disability was diagnosed in 312 (66%) of the children. There was no overidentification because all children had one or more WIAT scores below the normative level for their age, i.e., < 100. Further, only 7% of the children were identified with a learning disability based on a WIAT score in the 90s. These children had a mean IQ of 123 and were rated by their teachers and parents as having learning problems.
authors.affiliation: Penn State College of Medicine, USA. smayes@psu.edu
authors.forename: Susan Dickerson
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Mayes
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Calhoun
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001076:Aptitude; D001077:Aptitude Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002648:Child; D004519:Education, Special; D004522:Educational Status; D004608:Eligibility Determination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011594:Psychometrics; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D014477:Underachievement; D014888:Wechsler Scales / Q000706:statistics & numerical data