title: [Photography in medical research].
abstract: Medical photography is an adequate scientific document when performed on a standard fashion. A proper photography is an important issue on a scientific publication. Plastic surgeons are experts in clinical photography and, frequently, an image is a more significant data than the written part of a paper. The purpose of this article is to describe the principles developed in this specialty. Basic photographic equipment used for clinical pictures is described. Standardized pictures determined by patient position and framing using anatomical references are reported. Using these rules it is possible to compare pre and post operative pictures. Topics such as intra operative pictures in endoscopic surgery, computer fotogrametry and in Experimental Surgery are also analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cirurgia Plástica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. lydia.dcir@epm.br
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hochman
authors.forename: Fabio Xerfan
authors.initials: FX
authors.lastname: Nahas
authors.forename: Lydia Masako
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Ferreira
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D035843:Biomedical Research / Q000295:instrumentation; D004282:Documentation / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008488:Medical Illustration; D023421:Models, Animal; D010781:Photography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative