title: Immediate endoscopic management of complete iatrogenic anterior urethral injuries: a case series with long-term results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urethral injury produces partial or complete disruption of the urethral integrity. Advances in endourology have made endoscopic management of most of these injuries feasible without greatly compromising the final result. We report our institutional experience of immediate endoscopic realignment of complete iatrogenic anterior urethral injury.
  
  
  METHODS
  From May 1997 to May 2003, seven patients with complete anterior urethral disruption were managed by immediate endoscopy guided splinting of urethra. Retrograde urethroscopy, combined with fluoroscopic guidance and in some cases antegrade cystoscopy through a suprapubic stab cystostomy was performed. A guide wire was negotiated across the disruption. Later, a 16 F Foley catheter was placed for 1-3 weeks. Patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and then yearly to assess the long-term outcome of endoscopic management.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immediate endoscopic realignment was achieved in all patients. Three patients developed recurrence at six months; that was treated by optical urethrotomy. Only one patient developed multiple recurrences over an average follow-up of 49.2 months (range 7 to 74 months). He was offered open end-to-end urethroplasty at twenty months after third recurrence. Thus immediate endoscopic realignment avoided any further intervention in four patients (57.14%); while after an additional optical urethrotomy, urethroplasty could be avoided in six patients (87.2%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immediate endoscopic realignment of traumatic urethral disruption is a feasible, safe and effective treatment modality for management of patients with iatrogenic complete anterior urethral injuries.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, R. G. Stone Urological Research Institute, Mumbai, India. maheshwaripn@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Pankaj N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Maheshwari
authors.forename: Hemendra N
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Shah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D007049:Iatrogenic Disease; D007431:Intraoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D014521:Urethra / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*