title: Localization of cholesterol, phosphocholine and galactosylceramide in rat cerebellar cortex with imaging TOF-SIMS equipped with a bismuth cluster ion source.
abstract: Time-of-flight secondary-ion-mass-spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was utilized to address the issue of co-localization of cholesterol, phosphocholine and galactosylceramide in rat cerebellar cortex. Rat cerebellum was fixed, freeze-protected by sucrose, frozen and sectioned by cryoultramicrotomy and dried at room temperature. The samples were analyzed in an imaging TOF-SIMS instrument equipped with a Bi(1-7)+-source. The cholesterol signal (m/z 369 and 385) was localized in Purkinje cells and in nuclei of granular layer cells. The phosphocholine headgroup of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin was localized by imaging a specific fragment (m/z 86). This signal was localized in the molecular layer of cerebellar cortex, in Purkinje cells and in parts of the granular layer probably representing the synapse-rich glomeruli. The galactosylceramide was localized by imaging the quasi-molecular ions at m/z 835 and 851, showed a clear colocalization with cholesterol, but also a specific localization in dots (diameter <or=700 nm) in the molecular layer in the vicinity of Purkinje cells, at Purkinje cells and at cells in the granular layer. The results show a heterogeneous distribution of lipids between different cell types not previously described. In order to avoid redistribution artefacts, controls were made by a technique, based on high pressure freezing ,freeze fracturing and freeze drying of samples which were then analyzed by bombardment with a Bi3+ liquid metal ion gun. The galactosylceramide and cholesterol were found distributed as spots in the granular layer. The spots were of homogeneous size with a diameter of <700 nm. Although the galactosylceramide and cholesterol were localized to the same areas, there were clear differences in their distribution at higher resolution.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Göteborg, P.O. Box 420, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. hakan.nygren@anatcell.gu.se
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nygren
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Börner
authors.forename: Birgit
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hagenhoff
authors.forename: Per
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Malmberg
authors.forename: Jan-Eric
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Månsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001729:Bismuth; D002525:Cerebellar Cortex / Q000378:metabolism*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism*; D005699:Galactosylceramides / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010767:Phosphorylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D018629:Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion / Q000379:methods*; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D005699:Galactosylceramides; D010767:Phosphorylcholine; D002784:Cholesterol; D001729:Bismuth