title: Pharmacokinetic interaction of solifenacin with an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel in healthy women: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Solifenacin succinate (YM905; Vesicare, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan) is a new once-daily, orally administered muscarinic receptor antagonist under investigation for the treatment of overactive bladder.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of solifenacin on the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of an oral contraceptive (OC) containing ethinyl estradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (LNG).
  
  
  METHODS
  In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period, crossover study, 24 healthy, young, white women received a combined OC (EE 30 microg + LNG 150 microg) daily for two 21-day cycles, separated by a 7-day washout. On day 12 of each cycle, subjects began a 10-day regimen of solifenacin 10 mg QD, which is 2 times the suggested starting dose, or placebo. Subjects crossed over to the other treatment arm for the second cycle. Primary PK end points were C(max) and AUC from time 0 to 24 hours (AUC(0-24 h)) for EE and LNG. Women ranged in age from 20 to 37 years and had a mean body weight of 64 kg, mean height of 167.4 cm, and mean body mass index of 23 kg/m2. Seven women had never smoked, while 5 were former smokers and 12 were regular smokers. Safety assessments included the nature, frequency, and severity of spontaneously reported or observed adverse events, vital signs, electrocardiogram, laboratory values, and physical examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Statistical analysis of AUC(0-24 h)/product of baseline concentration and total blood sampling time, and C(max)/baseline concentration ratios of solifenacin versus placebo for EE and LNG found the 90% CI to be within the predefined range of 0.8 to 1.25 (EE: 0.854-1.164 and 0.822-1.167; LNG: 0.920-1.125 and 0.910-1.139). The number of samples with non-quantifiable luteinizing hormone (LH) and folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) levels were comparable after administration of the OC with either solifenacin or placebo. The adverse event most frequently reported was dry mouth (solifenacin, n = 25 [9 mild, 13 moderate, and 3 severe] vs placebo, n = 1 [moderate]). There were no clinically relevant effects on vital signs, electrocardiogram, or laboratory parameters.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A PK interaction between solifenacin and the OC containing EE and LNG was not found in this study. Solifenacin was not found to have altered suppression of LH or FSH. The drug was well tolerated in these healthy, young, white, adult female volunteers.
authors.affiliation: Exploratory Development Department, Astellas Pharma Europe BV, Leiderdorp, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miriam E J
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Taekema-Roelvink
authors.forename: Piet J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Swart
authors.forename: Mirjam E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Kuipers
authors.forename: Walter J J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Krauwinkel
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Ronald A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Smulders
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019540:Area Under Curve; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D016912:Levonorgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011812:Quinuclidines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000069464:Solifenacin Succinate; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D011812:Quinuclidines; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D004997:Ethinyl Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D000069464:Solifenacin Succinate