title: Enhancing the etiologic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in adults using the urinary antigen assay (Binax NOW).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Approximately 40% of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains of unknown etiology. To improve the rate of detection of the causative microbiologic agent, the Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test (UAT) was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 67 adults with CAP were compared with 81 healthy patients to determine sensitivity and specificity of the UAT and its role in improving the etiologic diagnosis of CAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An etiology could be found for 22 patients (33%) using conventional methods (14 S. pneumoniae, sensitivity 64.3%, 1/81 positive UAT control urine samples, specificity 98.8%). This proportion increased to 33 patients (49%) with the addition of the urinary antigen test (p = 0.039). Pneumococcal infection was diagnosed by the UAT in 24% of our patients without an etiologic identification by conventional methods.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given its excellent specificity, this test can be considered an important tool for detecting S. pneumoniae in CAP of unknown etiology, enabling the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia in a quarter of cases.
authors.affiliation: Service de Médecine Interne de l'Hôpital de la Ville, rue du Chasseral 20, 2300 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland. daniel.genne@ne.ch
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Genné
authors.forename: Hans H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Siegrist
authors.forename: Reto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Lienhard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000942:Antigens, Bacterial / Q000652:urine*; D016470:Bacteremia / Q000382:microbiology; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D017714:Community-Acquired Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000652:urine; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013183:Sputum / Q000382:microbiology; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000276:immunology* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D000942:Antigens, Bacterial