title: LDL particle size, fat distribution and insulin resistance in obese children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The importance of small dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) cholesterol in coronary heart disease has been demonstrated in many studies. Body fat accumulation, especially abdominal adiposity, is one of the important factors modifying the expression of sdLDL in adults.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of sdLDL in obese children, and to investigate its relationship with anthropometric and metabolic variables.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 obese children (22 males, 8 females) aged 12.6+/-0.6 years (mean+/-s.e.), who presented to our outpatient clinic with obesity.
  
  
  METHODS
  LDL peak particle diameter was determined using gel electrophoresis. LDL subclasses were classified into sdLDL (pattern B; diameter<25.5 nm) and non-sdLDL (pattern A; diameter>or=25.5 nm). Anthropometric and metabolic variables were also determined to identify factors modifying LDL particle size.
  
  
  RESULTS
  sdLDL was detected in 11 children (40.0%). In children with sdLDL, waist/height ratio was significantly higher (P=0.0466), and they had significantly higher triglyceride (TG) (P=0.0035) and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels (P=0.036). Peak LDL diameter as a continuous variable was significantly correlated with HDLC and TG levels. In multiple regression analysis, body mass index and waist/height ratio were significant determinants of the peak LDL diameter variability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found a high prevalence of sdLDL in obese children, and a relationship of peak LDL diameter with abdominal fat accumulation, HDLC and TG levels. The presence of sdLDL might be an important risk factor for the metabolic syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miyashita
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kuromori
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Harada
mesh_terms: D050153:Abdominal Fat / Q000378:metabolism*; D050218:Body Fat Distribution; D002648:Child; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications; D010316:Particle Size; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D049629:Waist-Hip Ratio
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014280:Triglycerides