title: Long-term outcome after surgical treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy in children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Surgery is an accepted treatment for carefully selected patients with focal epilepsy. In the present study, the authors assessed clinical and surgery-related data obtained in a large series of children suffering from intractable temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
  
  
  METHODS
  Etiological, pathological, and clinical features of possible prognostic significance were studied in 109 children who underwent surgery for TLE at the Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital and the Montreal Children's Hospital between 1985 and 2000. The mean age of patients at seizure onset was 5.5 years and the duration of epilepsy ranged from 0.1 to 17.6 years. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging revealed mesial sclerosis in 51 patients, a mass lesion in 45, and no visible abnormalities in 12. In six patients invasive monitoring was required. Cortical amygdalohippocampectomy was performed in 72% of patients, whereas 20% underwent transcortical selective amygdalohippocampectomy. In 23 patients a second surgical intervention was necessary. Low-grade tumors were found in 35% and mesial sclerosis was confirmed on pathological evaluation in 45%. Outcome was excellent (seizure free or > 90% reduction) in 94 patients (86%). The patients were followed prospectively for a median of 10.9 years (range 5-20.2 years). There were no permanent neurological complications and no deaths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Successful postsurgical outcomes, especially in patients treated for mesial temporal lobe sclerosis and lesion-related epilepsies, can be obtained in pediatric patients suffering minimal complications. Unfavorable outcomes are most likely to occur when epileptiform discharges are bitemporal or multifocal in distribution and in cases involving incomplete resection of mesiotemporal structures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: Sandeep
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: José L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Montes
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Farmer
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rosenblatt
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Dubeau
authors.forename: Frederick
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Andermann
authors.forename: Nicole
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Poulin
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olivier
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004833:Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures; D011379:Prognosis; D012598:Sclerosis / Q000150:complications; D016896:Treatment Outcome