title: Physician-patient relationship and disclosure behaviour in chronic hepatitis C in a group of German outpatients.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In chronic hepatitis C infection, the doctor-patient relationship can be burdened for various reasons. Factors associated with the doctor-patient relationship and self-disclosure of hepatitis C virus (HCV) status have not so far been investigated systematically. The goal of the study was to examine self-disclosure of HCV positivity, perceived stigmatization, and potential predictor variables in a German outpatient group.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a cross-sectional single-centre study, we included a volunteer sample of 103 HCV outpatients. Patient recruitment was between March 2003 and September 2004. Data were obtained from a fully standardized face-to-face interview [HCV disclosure behaviour (main interview variable), stigmatization, doctor-patient relationship] and psychometric self-assessment questionnaires [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, German version; Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (global severity index); Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (total score)].
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall general disclosure rate was 44.7% (with respect to all physicians). However, 75% stated revealing their positive serostatus in future physician appointments (P < 0.05). With respect to family/friends, disclosure rates were clearly higher (permanent partner, 99%; average, 76.7%). Patients' disclosure behaviour could not be predicted by sociodemographic variables or personality factors (binary logistic regression, P > 0.05). Similarly, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Symptom Checklist-90 subscales were not substantially associated with HCV disclosure. Experiences of stigmatization (rate 38.8%) were more frequent in women (P = 0.014) and patients with higher depression scores (P = 0.029).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a need for education in the field of chronic hepatitis C in order to improve the physician-patient relationship. HCV disclosure rates might thus be increased and the frequency of problematic contacts reduced. Importantly, the data show that physicians should explicitly ask for the patients' HCV status because unrequested disclosure cannot be taken for granted.
authors.affiliation: Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Würzburg University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Germany. arne.schaefer@mail.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Arne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Scheurlen
authors.forename: Marc
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Felten
authors.forename: Michael R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kraus
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003142:Communication; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D019698:Hepatitis C, Chronic / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010044:Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; D010817:Physician-Patient Relations; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011594:Psychometrics; D013240:Stereotyping; D014342:Truth Disclosure