title: Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We compared the accuracy of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (erMRI), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy and digital rectal examination (DRE) for detecting the location of cancer in the prostate gland and seminal vesicles.
  
  
  METHODS
  This is a retrospective study of 106 consecutive patients with prostate cancer who were referred for erMRI before radical prostatectomy. Step-section pathological data and erMRI were available in 90 patients, DRE data were available on 86 and individually labeled sextant core biopsies were available in 45. T1 and T2-weighted erMRI was interpreted by a single reader, who scored the likelihood of tumor on a 5-point scale in each seminal vesicle and in 12 locations in the prostate gland. MR spectroscopy data were not used for erMRI interpretation. One pathologist reviewed whole mount serial sections of radical prostatectomy specimens. The area under ROC curves was used to evaluate accuracy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The area under ROC curves for tumor localization was higher for erMRI than for DRE at the prostatic apex (0.72 vs 0.66), mid gland (0.80 vs 0.69) and base (0.83 vs 0.69). It was likewise higher for erMRI than for TRUS biopsy in the mid gland (0.75 vs 0.68) and base (0.81 vs 0.61) but not in the apex (0.67 vs 0.70). On mixed model analysis erMRI significantly increased the accuracy of prostate cancer localization by DRE or TRUS biopsy (each p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For prostate cancer localization erMRI contributes significant incremental value to DRE or TRUS biopsy findings (each p <0.0001).
authors.affiliation: Departments of Urology and Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mullerad
authors.forename: Hedvig
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hricak
authors.forename: Kentaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kuroiwa
authors.forename: Darko
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Pucar
authors.forename: Hui-Ni
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Kattan
authors.forename: Peter T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Scardino
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods*; D051517:Digital Rectal Examination; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011468:Prostatectomy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D012372:ROC Curve; D012007:Rectum; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods