title: Corrected tetralogy of Fallot: delayed enhancement in right ventricular outflow tract.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate retrospectively the presence of fibrosis and largest diameter of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) by using delayed enhancement magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients who had undergone initial correction for tetralogy of Fallot.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging was performed in 24 consecutive patients (16 male, eight female; mean age, 25 years; age range, 13-47 years) with corrected tetralogy of Fallot. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee, and informed consent was not required. Fifteen minutes after injection of 0.2 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine, an inversion-recovery turbo field-echo sequence was applied for detection of delayed enhancement. Right ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and anterior-posterior diameter of the RVOT were calculated. Mann-Whitney nonparametric testing was used to compare measurements of ventricular volume, function, and anterior-posterior diameter of the RVOT in the presence or absence of delayed enhancement. Correlation was tested with Pearson coefficient.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Delayed enhancement was seen in 17 patients in the RVOT. During initial surgery, transannular patching was performed in 13 (76%) of 17 patients, RVOT patching in one (6%) of 17 patients, and the Brock procedure in two (12%) of 17 patients. In one patient, the type of initial RVOT repair was unknown. Patients with delayed enhancement in the RVOT, as compared with those without delayed enhancement in the RVOT, had increased RVOT diameter (32 mm +/- 7 [standard deviation] vs 22 mm +/- 3, P < .01), decreased right ventricular ejection fraction (43% +/- 6.3 vs 54% +/- 10, P < .001), and increased end-diastolic volume (175 mL/m2 +/- 42 vs 118 mL/m2 +/- 34, P < .01). The diameter of the RVOT correlated with increased right ventricular end-systolic volume (R = 0.86) and was inversely related to ejection fraction (R = -0.65).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Delayed enhancement occurs frequently in patients after correction for tetralogy of Fallot. Delayed enhancement in the RVOT was associated with RVOT dilatation, which adversely affects right ventricular hemodynamics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Oosterhof
authors.forename: Barbara J M
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Mulder
authors.forename: Hubert W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Vliegen
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: de Roos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D013771:Tetralogy of Fallot / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D016278:Ventricular Function, Right / Q000502:physiology*; D014694:Ventricular Outflow Obstruction / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA