title: Clinical trials in mild cognitive impairment: lessons for the future.
abstract: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an operational definition for a cognitive decline in individuals with a greater risk of developing dementia. The amnestic subtype of MCI is of particular interest because these individuals most likely progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently hypothesised therapeutic approaches in MCI are mainly based on AD treatment strategies. Long term secondary prevention randomised clinical trials have been completed in amnestic MCI populations, encompassing agents with various mechanisms of action: acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine), antioxidants (vitamin E), anti-inflammatories (rofecoxib), and nootropics (piracetam). The design of clinical trials in MCI is influenced by study objectives and definition of primary end points: time to clinical diagnosis of dementia, and AD in particular, or symptom progression. As none of the drugs previously shown to have clinical efficacy in AD trials or benefit in everyday practice have met the primary objectives of the respective trials, design of future clinical trials in MCI should be further developed particularly as regards the selection of more homogeneous samples at entry, optimal treatment duration, and multidimensional and reliable outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Karolinska Institutet, Neurotec Department, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jelic
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kivipelto
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Winblad
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000077265:Donepezil; D005702:Galantamine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007189:Indans / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D048448:Phenylcarbamates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010880:Piperidines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000068836:Rivastigmine; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007189:Indans; D007783:Lactones; D048448:Phenylcarbamates; D010880:Piperidines; D013450:Sulfones; D005702:Galantamine; C116926:rofecoxib; D014810:Vitamin E; D000077265:Donepezil; D000068836:Rivastigmine