title: Estimation of physical activity by different questionnaires in overweight subjects and patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: relationship with anthropometric and metabolic variables.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study assessed the level of physical activity in overweight and obese subjects, and overweight and obese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also compared their physical activity level with that of the general population and investigated benefits of physical activity on anthropometric and metabolic parameters and blood pressure in the studied groups of patients using Baecke's questionnaire and the Lipid Research Clinics Physical Activity (LRC PA) questionnaire. The two questionnaires were also compared in the evaluation of benefits.
  
  
  METHODS
  Physical activity level and other parameters (body weight, body height, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, lipoprotein and creatinine concentrations in the blood, concentration of fasting glucose and HbA1c in the blood, albuminuria-to-creatinuria ratio) of 136 subjects and their relationships were investigated during their out-patient visits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No difference in physical activity level was found among the four groups of investigated patients. The comparison between the level of physical activity in the investigated patients and the general population obtained by Baecke's questionnaire revealed a lower sports index in all groups of investigated men and obese women with diabetes mellitus. Our results confirm the benefit of physical activity on a high number of investigated parameters in the studied patients. The Baecke's questionnaire was found to estimate the effects of physical activity on metabolic and anthropometric parameters, as well as blood pressure, better than the LRC PA questionnaire, especially the two-point scoring system.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LRC PA and especially Baecke's questionnaires are valuable aids in the estimation of physical activity level and its benefits in overweight and obese patients and patients with T2DM.
authors.affiliation: Vuk Vrhovac University Clinic for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia. zbabic@net.hr
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Babić
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deskin
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Muacević-Katanec
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Erdeljić
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Misigoj-Duraković
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Metelko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D000886:Anthropometry; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism*; D050177:Overweight / Q000502:physiology*; D013177:Sports; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*; D014937:Work
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins