title: Treatment of refractory inflammatory monoarthritis in ankylosing spondylitis by intraarticular injection of infliximab.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We describe a series of cases to evaluate the effect of intraarticular infliximab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with treatment-resistant arthritis, and to consider whether longterm treatment with intravenous infliximab could be avoided in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients, fulfilling the New York criteria for AS, had relapsing arthritis of the knee, despite nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, sulfasalazine, and multiple intraarticular (IA) injections of corticosteroids. Since the axial disease or other locomotor manifestations did not justify administration of systemic tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) blocking agents, an IA injection of 100 mg infliximab was administered. The primary endpoint was to examine the efficacy and safety of IA injection of infliximab in AS patients with therapy-refractory arthritis. Before and 4 weeks after IA injection the following variables were evaluated: degree of swelling and tenderness of the affected joint, number of cells/mm3 after joint fluid examination, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. In all 3 cases magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed before injection and 4 weeks after injection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical and biological variables and the MRI findings clearly improved. Remission of the peripheral arthritis was maintained up to 4 months in the first patient and up to 3 months in both others. No important side effects were noted.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We observed a beneficial effect of IA infliximab in refractory arthritis in patients with AS. This procedure could be considered an effective and safe treatment for therapy of refractory monoarthritis in AS and an alternative for parenteral TNF-blocking therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Rheumatology, St. Augustinus Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Schatteman
authors.forename: Lieve
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gyselbrecht
authors.forename: Luc
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: De Clercq
authors.forename: Herman
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mielants
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D000069285:Infliximab; D007270:Injections, Intra-Articular; D007719:Knee Joint / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013167:Spondylitis, Ankylosing / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D012460:Sulfasalazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018501:Antirheumatic Agents; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D012460:Sulfasalazine; D000069285:Infliximab