title: [Comprehensive long-term analysis of hypospadias repair using vascularized flaps and tubularized incized plates--report on 588 cases].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The article presents a comprehensive long-term analysis of the modem hypospadias repair based on preservation and use of the urethral plate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In years 1987 to 2004, 476 patients (aged 8 months to 45 years) were operated using a praeputial (mostly) flap. 81% were indicated for reconstruction of a proximal form of hypospadias, mostly penile. In years 1986 to 1991, a tubularized flap was performed in 31 patients. Since 1992, an onlay island flap in 394 patients, inlay-onlay flap in 43 patients and onlay-tube-onlay flap in 8 patients have been used. In years 2000 to 2004, 112 patients (aged 13 months do 17 years) were operated using tubularized incised plate (TIP) repair, mostly because of distal form of hypospadias. To cover the neourethra, a dartos flap was used in 72 and spongioplasty in 37 patients. We achieved the primary healing in 89% and 91%, resp., of patients after onlay and onlay-inlay island flap repairs with an average follow-up of 6,7 and 5,7 years, respectively. The most frequent complications were fistula or dehiscence of the glans. After the TIP repair combined with a dartos flap, 89% of the first operated patients healed without complications with an average follow-up of 2.3 years. A higher complication rate (40%) was found after a spongioplasty with foreskin preservation. Secondary repairs were also associated with more complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using onlay and inlay-onlay one-stage repairs, or using TIP one-stage repair combined with a dartos flap, a successful primary hypospadias repair was achieved in 90% of patients. The definite repair should be completed during early childhood.
authors.affiliation: Urologická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN, Praha. radim.kocvara@lf1.cuni.cz
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kocvara
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dvorácek
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Díte
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sedlácek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Molcan
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007021:Hypospadias / Q000601:surgery*; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods; D013524:Surgical Flaps / Q000098:blood supply; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery