title: Costs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage: 1-year, retrospective analysis of 412 consecutive nontrauma cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are widely recognized as commonly occurring postoperative complications of neurosurgical procedures. We will focus on the direct costs associated with CSF leaks in a single center across multiple neurosurgical procedures, based on a retrospective analysis. We will also compare the costs of using a synthetic agent to prevent such leaks with these costs from a more recent study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The single-center retrospective study was carried out at the Neurosurgical Center Nijmegen (University Medical Center St Radboud and Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, Netherlands) from January 01, 1999, until December 31, 1999. Four hundred twelve consecutive, nontrauma, elective procedures were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  By applying strict criteria for CSF leakage (including those self-limiting subcutaneous minor CSF collection), we found an overall leak rate of 10.7% with a lower number for supratentorial and transsphenoidal procedures and much higher numbers for infratentorial procedures and extensive skull base procedures (6 [12.8%] of 47 and 18 [34.6%] of 52, respectively). The CSF leak in these 44 patients was associated with high additional costs which accounted for 21.7% of the total costs of all 412 procedures or on average 1508 per patient and procedure. If DuraSeal (Confluent Surgical, Inc, Waltham, MA) were to be used prophylactically for every procedure, and assuming a 4% leak rate postprocedure (which was achieved in a more recent study of 46 patients using DuraSeal), there would be a saving of 550 for every procedure (reduction in additional costs of CSF leak minus the cost of the sealant), or a total saving of 226600 in the series of 412 patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our analysis establishes that CSF leaks occur with high frequency and incur significant costs across all types of surgical procedures. A direct correlation of this complication (and ensuring costs) is observed with more extensive procedures, and reduction of these significant costs can be achieved by using augmentation of the dural closure with DuraSeal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 GC, Netherlands. j.grotenhuis@nch.umcn.nl
authors.forename: J André
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Grotenhuis
mesh_terms: D003363:Cost Control; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D017048:Health Care Costs / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000191:economics* / Q000517:prevention & control; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013353:Subdural Effusion / Q000191:economics* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control