title: Adaptive activation of thyroid hormone and energy expenditure.
abstract: The mechanisms by which thyroid hormone accelerates energy expenditure are poorly understood. In the brown adipose tissue (BAT), activation of thyroid hormone by type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) has been known to play a role in adaptive energy expenditure during cold exposure in human newborns and other small mammals. Although BAT is not present in significant amounts in normal adult humans, recent studies have found substantial amounts of D2 in skeletal muscle, a metabolically relevant tissue in humans. This article reviews current biological knowledge about D2 and adaptive T3 production and their roles in energy expenditure.
authors.affiliation: Thyroid Section, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, HIM Bldg. #643, Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02115, USA. abianco@partners.org
authors.forename: Antonio C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Bianco
authors.forename: Ana Luiza
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Maia
authors.forename: Wagner Seixas
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: Marcelo A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Christoffolete
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization / Q000502:physiology*; D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation; D003080:Cold Temperature; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007453:Iodide Peroxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D022722:Thermogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D013961:Thyroid Gland / Q000378:metabolism; D013963:Thyroid Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II
chemical_list: D007453:Iodide Peroxidase; D013963:Thyroid Hormones; D000097564:Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II