title: O6-(4-bromothenyl)guanine reverses temozolomide resistance in human breast tumour MCF-7 cells and xenografts.
abstract: Tumour resistance to chemotherapy involving methylating agents such as DTIC (dacarbazine) and temozolomide is linked to expression of the DNA repair protein O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (MGMT). There is considerable interest in improving the efficacy of such O(6)-alkylating chemotherapy by the prior inactivation of MGMT. We have examined the effect of the modified guanine base, O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine (PaTrin-2, Patrin, Lomeguatrib) on MGMT activity and cell or xenograft tumour growth inhibition by temozolomide in the human breast carcinosarcoma cell line, MCF-7. PaTrin-2 effectively inactivated MGMT in MCF-7 cells (IC(50) approximately 6 nM) and in xenografts there was complete inactivation of MGMT within 2 h of dosing (20 mg kg(-1) i.p.) and only slight recovery by 24 h. MGMT inactivation in a range of murine host tissues varied between complete and approximately 60%, with extensive recovery by 24 h. PaTrin-2 (10 microM) substantially increased the growth inhibitory effects of temozolomide in MCF-7 cells (D(60)=10 microM with PaTrin-2 vs 400 microM without). In MCF-7 xenografts, neither temozolomide (100 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 5 days) nor PaTrin-2 (20 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for 5 days) had any significant effect on tumour growth. In contrast, the PaTrin-2-temozolomide combination produced a substantial tumour growth delay: median tumour quintupling time was increase by 22 days (P<0.005) without any significant increase in toxicity as assessed from animal weight. A PaTrin-2-temozolomide combination may therefore be beneficial in the treatment of human breast cancers.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Research UK Carcinogenesis Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Manchester M20 9BX, UK.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Clemons
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kelly
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Howell
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: McElhinney
authors.forename: T B H
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: McMurry
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Margison
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D003606:Dacarbazine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects*; D006147:Guanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase / Q000378:metabolism; D000077204:Temozolomide; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
chemical_list: C403290:O(6)-(4-bromothenyl)guanine; D006147:Guanine; D003606:Dacarbazine; D019853:O(6)-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase; D000077204:Temozolomide