title: Legionella waltersii--a novel cause of pneumonia?
abstract: A 5-y-old girl was admitted to our hospital with fever, cough, respiratory distress and rapidly increasing oxygen requirements. A chest radiograph showed bilateral central infiltrates. PCR was performed with pharyngeal washings and revealed Legionella DNA, while no genetic materials of other pathogens such as respiratory viruses, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia were detected. The clinical condition improved gradually after administration of steroids and therapy with clarithromycin. Further sequencing of Legionella DNA led to the identification of Legionella waltersii. This Legionella species has never been described as a human pathogen before.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the first time, L. waltersii was identified as a cause of severe pneumonia. Since L. waltersii is not detected by routine laboratory tests, it may be speculated that these bacteria, like other Legionella species, are underestimated as a probable cause of community-acquired pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: University Children's Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: König
authors.forename: Helge
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hebestreit
authors.forename: Guiseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Valenza
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Abele-Horn
authors.forename: Christian P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Speer
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006801:Humans; D007875:Legionella / Q000145:classification* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D007876:Legionellosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D035583:Rare Diseases; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D013256:Steroids