title: Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis due to calculi: report of 63 cases and review of literature.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the relationship between clinical history and results of renal investigations in patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review was conducted on 63 cases presenting with histopathological diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis between 1995 to 2002, at the department of Urology, Bolan Medical College and Sandeman Provincial Teaching Hospital Quetta.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 26 males and 37 females having an average follow up of two years. Positive findings on examination and investigations at presentation were fever and flank pain in 59 (93.6%) patients and pyuria in 34 (53.9%) patients. All the patients had renal and ureteric calculi with no or severe reduction in the function of the affected kidney on DTPA scan. Hypertrophy of the contra lateral kidney was seen in 56 (88.8%) patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is a common entity in this part of the world. Late referral leads to loss of the kidney. Pre-operative diagnosis of the condition is desirable and if surgery is mandatory then all infected tissues have to be removed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Bolan Medical College, Quetta.
authors.forename: Haq
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nawaz
authors.forename: Saadat
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Israr
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: Sheir
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Masha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: Nadeem
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Niazi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000150:complications*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011705:Pyelonephritis, Xanthogranulomatous / Q000209:etiology*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000209:etiology