title: Alcohol consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes among older women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed to investigate the relation between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes among older women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1993 and 1997, 16,330 women aged 49-70 years and free from diabetes were enrolled in one of the Dutch Prospect-EPIC (European Prospective Study Into Cancer and Nutrition) cohorts and followed for 6.2 years (range 0.1-10.1). At enrollment, women filled in questionnaires and blood samples were collected.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up, 760 cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. A linear inverse association (P = 0.007) between alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes risk was observed, adjusting for potential confounders. Compared with abstainers, the hazard ratio for type 2 diabetes was 0.86 (95% CI 0.66-1.12) for women consuming 5-30 g alcohol per week, 0.66 (0.48-0.91) for 30-70 g per week, 0.91 (0.67-1.24) for 70-140 g per week, 0.64 (0.44-0.93) for 140-210 g per week, and 0.69 (0.47-1.02) for >210 g alcohol per week. Beverage type did not influence this association. Lifetime alcohol consumption was associated with type 2 diabetes in a U-shaped fashion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings support the evidence of a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes with moderate alcohol consumption and expand this to a population of older women.
authors.affiliation: Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.
authors.forename: Joline W J
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Beulens
authors.forename: Ronald P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Stolk
authors.forename: Yvonne T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: van der Schouw
authors.forename: Diederick E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Grobbee
authors.forename: Henk F J
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hendriks
authors.forename: Michiel L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bots
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001515:Beer; D001794:Blood Pressure; D015992:Body Mass Index; D049628:Body Size; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014920:Wine