title: Knock down of p53 levels in human keratinocytes increases susceptibility to type I and type II interferon-induced apoptosis mediated by a TRAIL dependent pathway.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Keratinocytes (KCs) in healthy skin only undergo death following differentiation to produce stratum corneum. By contrast, in inflammatory pathological conditions featuring type I (IFN-alpha) and type II (IFN-gamma) interferons KCs undergo premature apoptosis.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To define apoptotic susceptibility of KCs, response to interferons was examined. Since molecular cross-talk occurs between interferons and p53, potential mechanistic roles for p53 in KC apoptosis were investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Knock down of p53 was performed, and apoptotic response to addition of interferons was assessed using FACS and by staining for activated caspase 3 and TUNEL. Elucidation of death pathway was accomplished by using a dominant negative death receptor construct and a neutralizing TRAIL antibody.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Reduction in p53 levels in KCs by siRNA treatment enhanced, rather than reduced, apoptotic responses to IFN-alpha plus IFN-gamma. In an immortalized human KC cell line (HaCaT cells with both p53 alleles mutated) enhanced apoptotic susceptibility to interferon exposure was also observed. The mechanism for this enhanced apoptosis involved induction of TRAIL and its interaction with death receptors, as blocking the death receptor pathway using dominant negative FADD, or by addition of neutralizing antibody against TRAIL, reduced the apoptotic response to IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate IFN-alpha plus IFN-gamma triggers apoptosis independent of p53 in HaCaT cells, and also demonstrate an unexpected survival role for p53 in human KCs as regards apoptotic responsiveness to cytokines such as IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma involving activation of TRAIL-related death receptors. Strategies enhancing p53 regulated survival proteins in KCs may be of therapeutic benefit in skin disorders characterized by activated immunocytes triggering premature KC apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, USA.
authors.forename: Vijaya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Chaturvedi
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bodner
authors.forename: Jian-Zhong
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Qin
authors.forename: Brian J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Nickoloff
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002461:Cell Line, Transformed; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D016898:Interferon-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D015603:Keratinocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D020239:Receptor Cross-Talk / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; D016898:Interferon-alpha; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D053221:TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand; C505653:TNFSF10 protein, human; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D007371:Interferon-gamma