title: [Clinical analysis of 1,400 cases of coronary artery angiography without heparin].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the feasibility and safety of coronary artery angiography via femoral artery approach without heparin.
  
  
  METHODS
  Totally 1 400 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery angiography with heparin were analyzed retrospectively in comparison with the data of 354 patients for coronary artery angiography without heparin.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Success in selective coronary artery angiography was achieved in 99.3% of the patients in the non-heparin group, with the mean operation time of 17.9+/-11.3 min ranging from 8 min to 1 hour. Angiography identified coronary artery stenosis in 72.2% of the patients including 49.8% with multivessel involvement. Subcutaneous hematoma occurred in 25 (1.8%) of the patients, and 1 (0.07%) patient developed arterial and venous fistula and pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site, but other complications (retroperitoneal hematoma, acute myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery thrombotic events) occurred neither during nor after the procedure. In the heparin group, 18 (5.1%) patients developed subcutaneous hematoma and 1 (0.2%) had arterial and venous fistula and pseudoaneurysm at the puncture site after angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Coronary artery angiography without heparin is both safe and feasible with only very low risk of complications.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heart Center of Xiamen City, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China. wang_gina@163.com
authors.forename: Yi-qing
authors.initials: YQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Bin-ni
authors.initials: BN
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Wen-hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shui-long
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun-ze
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Shi-hua
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Hong-mei
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Cai-bing
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Xiao
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000925:Anticoagulants; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005263:Femoral Artery; D006493:Heparin; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012449:Safety
chemical_list: D000925:Anticoagulants; D006493:Heparin