Comparison of the partial proteomes of the venoms of Brazilian spiders of the genus Phoneutria.
The proteomes of the venoms of the Brazilian wandering "armed" spiders Phoneutria nigriventer, Phoneutria reidyi, and Phoneutria keyserlingi, were compared using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The venom components were also fractionated using a combination of preparative reverse phase HPLC on Vydac C4, analytical RP-HPLC on Vydac C8 and C18 and cation exchange FPLC on Resource S at pH 6.1 and 4.7, or anion exchange HPLC on Synchropak AX-300 at pH 8.6. The amino acid sequences of the native and S-pyridyl-ethylated proteins and peptides derived from them by enzymatic digestion and chemical cleavages were determined using a Shimadzu PPSQ-21(A) automated protein sequencer, and by MS/MS collision induced dissociations. To date nearly 400 peptides and proteins (1.2-27 kDa) have been isolated in a pure state and, of these, more than 100 have had their complete or partial amino acid sequences determined. These sequences demonstrate, as might be expected, that the venoms of P. reidyi and P. keyserlingi (Family: Ctenidae) both contain a similar range of isoforms of the neurotoxins as those previously isolated from P. nigriventer which are active on neuronal ion (Ca(2+), Na(+) and K(+)) channels and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. In addition two new families of small (3-4 kDa) toxins, some larger protein (>10 kDa) components, and two serine proteinases of the venom of P. nigriventer are described. These enzymes may be responsible for some of the post-translational modification observed in some of the venom components.
Richardson
M
M
Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. Electronic address: michael@funed.mg.gov.br.
Pimenta
A M C
AMC
Department of Biochem. Immunol., University Fed. Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Bemquerer
M P
MP
Department of Biochem. Immunol., University Fed. Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Santoro
M M
MM
Department of Biochem. Immunol., University Fed. Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Beirao
P S L
PSL
Department of Biochem. Immunol., University Fed. Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Lima
M E
ME
Department of Biochem. Immunol., University Fed. Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Figueiredo
S G
SG
Department of Physiol. Sci., University Fed. Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
Bloch
C
C
CENARGEN/EMBRAPA, Brasilia, DF., Brazil.
Vasconcelos
E A R
EAR
Deparment of Biochem. Mol. Biol., University Fed. Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Campos
F A P
FAP
Deparment of Biochem. Mol. Biol., University Fed. Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
Gomes
P C
PC
Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Cordeiro
M N
MN
Fundacao Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001938:Brazil; D005260:Female; D006793:Houseflies / Q000187:drug effects; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009498:Neurotoxins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D010455:Peptides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D020543:Proteome; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D013111:Spider Venoms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity; D013112:Spiders
D009498:Neurotoxins; D010455:Peptides; D011506:Proteins; D020543:Proteome; D013111:Spider Venoms