title: Esophageal varices: evaluation with transesophageal MR imaging--initial experience.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively use transesophageal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to determine the morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics of esophageal varices.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was approved by the ethics committee. All patients gave written informed consent. Forty-two patients (29 men, 13 women; mean age, 58 years +/- 11 [standard deviation]) with esophageal varices that were recently demonstrated at endoscopy were included in the study. MR imaging was performed by using a receiver probe that was placed in the esophagus. Black-blood T2-weighted MR images were obtained with cardiac triggering and navigator gating of the right hemidiaphragm. On these images, the maximal diameter, minimal diameter, and surface area of the largest esophageal varix were measured. Periesophageal and paraesophageal varices were recorded. A hemodynamic examination was performed in the last 21 patients to undergo MR imaging, which was used to obtain measurements of flow velocity and rate before and after intravenous injection of 50 mug of octreotide or a placebo. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences in the diameter and surface area of the varices according to endoscopic grade. Hemodynamic changes observed after octreotide or placebo injection were compared by using an analysis of variance and a 95% confidence interval.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Periesophageal varices were observed in 36 patients, and paraesophageal varices were observed in 32 patients. The minimal diameter, maximal diameter, and surface area of the esophageal varices at MR imaging differed significantly according to endoscopic grade (P < .001). In the periesophageal varices, the velocity and flow changes caused by octreotide differed significantly from those caused by the placebo (P < .001). A decrease in velocity (mean velocity change, -2.766 cm.sec(-1)) and flow (mean flow change, -0.455 mL.sec(-1)) was noted after octreotide injection, but no significant change in velocity (mean velocity change, 0.252 cm.sec(-1)) or flow (mean flow change, 0.018 mL.sec(-1)) was noted after placebo injection. The surface area of the varices did not change significantly after octreotide (mean change, -0.771 mm2) or placebo (mean change, -0.015 mm2) injection.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transesophageal MR imaging is a feasible method to assess the morphologic and hemodynamic characteristics of esophageal varices before and after pharmacologic treatment.
authors.affiliation: Diagnostic Radiology Unit, Center for Anatomic, Functional, and Molecular Imaging Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, St-Luc University Hospital, Avenue Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium. laurence.annet@rdgn.ucl.ac.be
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Annet
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Yves
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Horsmans
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hermoye
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Starkel
authors.forename: Bernard E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Van Beers
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004932:Esophageal and Gastric Varices / Q000473:pathology*; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric