title: When is Onuf's nucleus involved in multiple system atrophy? A sphincter electromyography study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  External anal sphincter (EAS) electromyography (EMG) abnormalities can distinguish multiple system atrophy (MSA) from Parkinson's disease in the first five years after disease onset. However, the prevalence of the abnormalities in the early stages of MSA is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To present EAS-EMG data in the various stages of MSA.
  
  
  METHODS
  84 patients with "probable" MSA were recruited (42 men, 42 women; mean age 62 years (range 47 to 78); mean disease duration 3.2 years (0.5 to 8.0; <1 year in 25%); 50 cerebellar form (MSA-C), 34 parkinsonian form (MSA-P)). EAS motor unit potential (MUP) analysis and EMG cystometry were carried out in all patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall prevalence of neurogenic change of the EAS MUP was 62%-52% in the first year after disease onset, increasing to 83% by the fifth year (p<0.05); it also increased with severity of gait disturbance (p<0.05), storage and voiding disorders, and detrusor sphincter dyssynergy (NS). The neurogenic change was not correlated with sex, age, MSA-P/C, postural hypotension, constipation, erectile dysfunction in men, underactive or acontractile detrusor, or detrusor overactivity. In 17 incontinent patients without detrusor overactivity or low compliance, urinary incontinence was more severe in those with neurogenic change than in those without (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Involvement of Onuf's nucleus in MSA is time dependent. Before the fifth year of illness, the prevalence of neurogenic change does not seem to be high, so a negative result cannot exclude the diagnosis of MSA.
authors.affiliation: Neurology Department, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sakakibara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchiyama
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Awa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kinou
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamanishi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hattori
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D003248:Constipation / Q000209:etiology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D020234:Gait Ataxia / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019578:Multiple System Atrophy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis; D012445:Sacrococcygeal Region / Q000294:innervation; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology*