title: [Current situation of contacts examination and chemoprophylaxis for persons exposed to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in ordinance-designated cities in Japan].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the current situation of contacts examination and chemoprophylaxis for those who were exposed to multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Japan.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The questionnaire survey was conducted about the MDR-TB patients and their contacts examination enforced in the ordinance-designated cities in Japan from 1998 to 2002.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nine cities out of total 13 ordinance-designated cities replied to the questionnaire (69.2%). The cases newly diagnosed as MDR-pulmonary tuberculosis were 189 cases from 1998 to 2002. Out of 189 cases, 34 MDR pulmonary tuberculosis patients were the source of MDR-TB infection. Among 659 individuals who were exposed to 34 MDR-TB, 58 persons (8.8%) were diagnosed as the contacts who were infected with MDR-TB. Out of 58 persons, 41 had chemoprophylaxis; 18 with isoniazid (INH), 3 with Ethionamide (TH), 2 with INH + Rifampin (RFP) + Ethambutol (EB), and each one with EB + Pyrazinamide (PZA) + TH, PZA + TH, PZA + Levofloxacin, PZA + EB. In 6 persons, INH was changed to other medicines, and 8 persons were treated with unknown prescription. Thirteen contacts developed MDR-TB, and out of them, 9 cases had several problems when they developed MDR-TB. Those problems were the delay in detection, infection from hospitalization refused cases, infection at the time of bacteriological relapse, and no use of chemoprophylaxis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MDR-TB bacilli produce the tuberculosis infection similarly as the sensitive tubercle bacilli, and it is necessary to re-examine the action plan of contacts examination including chemoprophylaxis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Disease, National Hospital Organization Chiba-East National Hospital, 673 Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 260-8712, Japan. sasakiy@chibae.hosp.go.jp
authors.forename: Yuka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yamagishi
authors.forename: Takenori
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yagi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003151:Community Health Centers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D018088:Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents