title: Effects of long-term beer ingestion on plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of purine bases.
abstract: To investigate the long-term effects of beer ingestion on plasma concentrations of purine bases (hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid), ten healthy males ingested beer (15 ml/kg body weight) every evening for three months. Blood and 24-hour urine samples were collected in the morning on one day before and one, two, and three months after starting the experiment to determine the plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of uric acid, hypoxanthine, and xanthine in five of the participants that did not regularly ingest beer at a quantity of more than 15 ml/kg body weight in a single day prior to the experiment were not increased during the experimental period. In contrast, plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of uric acid were increased in five participants who regularly ingested more than 15 ml/kg body weight of beer in a single day prior to the experiment, although hypoxanthine and xanthine levels were not significantly increased during the experimental period. In both groups, uric acid clearance and purine ingestion were not significantly different throughout the study. Our results suggest that the production of uric acid caused by ethanol ingestion from beer is a significant contributor to the increase in plasma uric acid concentration in patients that regularly consume more than 15 ml/kg body weight of beer each day. Therefore, patients with gout should be encouraged to refrain from drinking large amounts of beer on a daily basis.
authors.affiliation: Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ka
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Moriwaki
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Tsutsumi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Inokuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D001515:Beer; D000431:Ethanol / Q000494:pharmacology; D006073:Gout / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D007671:Kidney Concentrating Ability / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D011687:Purines / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D019820:Xanthine / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D011687:Purines; D019820:Xanthine; D014527:Uric Acid; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D000431:Ethanol