title: Effects of sport massage on limb girth and discomfort associated with eccentric exercise.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sport massage is often used to help prepare for exercise, expedite recovery from muscle soreness, and enhance athletic performance. However, the effect of sport massage on recovery from delayed-onset muscle soreness is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of a short sport massage treatment on intramuscular swelling and pain in response to eccentric exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used a 2 x 8 (treatment x time) repeated-measures design to compare triceps surae muscle girth and pain ratings over the 72 hours after eccentric exercise.
  
  
  METHODS
  University research laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen healthy, college-aged subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Delayed-onset muscle soreness was induced with several sets of eccentric triceps surae contractions at 90% of the estimated concentric, 1-repetition maximum weight. Subjects returned on 3 consecutive days after eccentric exercise with a cycle ergometer for active rest treatments. In addition, 1 leg received the sport massage.
  
  
  METHODS
  Girth measurements were taken at 5.08 cm (2 in), 10.16 cm (4 in), 15.24 cm (6 in), and 20.32 cm (8 in) below the knee joint line, and pain was assessed with a visual analog scale before and after all 4 sessions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No interaction was noted between treatment and time for any girth or pain measurements, and no main effect was seen for treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sport massage did not reduce girth or pain in the lower leg after eccentric exercise within 72 hours.
authors.affiliation: University of Virginia, 210 Emmet Street, South, Memorial Gym, Room 203, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. jmh3zf@virginia.edu
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Hart
authors.forename: C Buz
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Swanik
authors.forename: Ryan T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Tierney