title: The determination of the free energy of an electrical double layer.
abstract: A well-known charging process is used to obtain the free energy of an electrical double layer, in which the double layer is built up by a transfer of ions from one phase to another. The present study formulates proofs that this charging process cannot determine the free energy of an electrical double layer.
authors.affiliation: Division 301, School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Zhiming
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Gu
authors.forename: Fengsheng
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Li