title: Effect of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on Na and K+ transport properties in the rabbit cortical collecting duct perfused in vitro.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In this study, the membrane mechanisms of hyperkalemia caused by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) combination antibiotics were assessed in the cortical collecting duct (CCD).
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the microelectrode technique and flux measurements, and examined the effects of TMP and SMX on electrical properties of the apical and basolateral membranes in the rabbit CCD perfused in vitro.
  
  
  RESULTS
  TMP in the lumen caused increases in apical membrane voltage, fractional apical membrane resistance (fRA), and transepithelial resistance (RT), all effects which were completely inhibited by luminal amiloride, but not by luminal Ba2+. The luminal TMP inhibited both net Na+ reabsorption and K+ secretion in the CCD. TMP in the bath slightly but significantly depolarized transepithelial voltage and basolateral membrane voltage without influencing fRA or RT. SMX in the lumen or bath had no effect on barrier voltages or resistances.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  TMP mainly acts on the apical membrane of the CCD, inhibits the amiloride-sensitive macroscopic Na+ conductance in this membrane, and thereby decreases the net driving force for K+ exit across the membrane, resulting in an inhibition of K+ secretion. SMX in the lumen or bath had no effect on the CCD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi, Japan. smuto@jichi.ac.jp
authors.forename: Shigeaki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Muto
authors.forename: Shuichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsuruoka
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyata
authors.forename: Akio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujimura
authors.forename: Eiji
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kusano
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D005260:Female; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007685:Kidney Tubules, Collecting / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D010477:Perfusion; D011188:Potassium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D014295:Trimethoprim; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole; D011188:Potassium