title: Terrorism and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in children.
abstract: A number of studies have considered whether background stress affects cardiovascular responses to acute stress tasks. The present study considers the effect of a potent background stressor with a clear onset, namely the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Specifically, the authors investigated differences among 9.5-year-old children tested before (N = 30) and then following (N = 20) the 9/11 attacks. In addition, a majority of these children (N = 37) were retested approximately 1 year later (i.e., before and after 9/11/2002). Children tested directly following 9/11/2001 exhibited significantly greater stroke volume and cardiac output responses to acute stress tasks compared with their responses 1 year later, and this change in reactivity differed significantly from the change in reactivity exhibited by children tested before 9/11/2001 and again 1 year later. These results suggest that a potent background stressor can temporarily heighten some children's cardiovascular responses to subsequent acute stressors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, State University of New York College at Oswego, NY 13126, USA. gump@oswego.edu
authors.forename: Brooks B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Gump
authors.forename: Jacki
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Reihman
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Ed
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lonky
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Darvill
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D011930:Reaction Time; D047851:September 11 Terrorist Attacks / Q000523:psychology*; D040701:Stress Disorders, Traumatic, Acute / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*