title: Apoptin-induced cell death is modulated by Bcl-2 family members and is Apaf-1 dependent.
abstract: Apoptin, a chicken anemia virus-derived protein, selectively induces apoptosis in transformed but not in normal cells, thus making it a promising candidate as a novel anticancer therapeutic. The mechanism of apoptin-induced apoptosis is largely unknown. Here, we report that contrary to previous assumptions, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibit apoptin-induced cell death in several tumor cell lines. In contrast, deficiency of Bax conferred resistance, whereas Bax expression sensitized cells to apoptin-induced death. Cell death induction by apoptin was associated with cytochrome c release from mitochondria as well as with caspase-3 and -7 activation. Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone, a broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, was highly protective against apoptin-induced cell death. Apoptosis induced by apoptin required Apaf-1, as immortalized Apaf-1-deficient fibroblasts as well as tumor cells devoid of Apaf-1 were strongly protected. Thus, our data indicate that apoptin-induced apoptosis is not only Bcl-2- and caspase dependent, but also engages an Apaf-1 apoptosome-mediated mitochondrial death pathway.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Burek
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Maddika
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Burek
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schulze-Osthoff
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Los
mesh_terms: D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology; D017209:Apoptosis; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D036022:Capsid Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D016393:Lymphoma, B-Cell / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011506:Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D051020:bcl-X Protein / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C506592:APAF1 protein, human; D000590:Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones; D053477:Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1; D036022:Capsid Proteins; D061945:Caspase Inhibitors; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; C091717:VP3 protein, Chicken anemia virus; D051020:bcl-X Protein; C096713:benzyloxycarbonylvalyl-alanyl-aspartyl fluoromethyl ketone; D045304:Cytochromes c; C505407:CASP3 protein, human; C505520:CASP7 protein, human; D053148:Caspase 3; D053179:Caspase 7; D020169:Caspases