title: A family with Duane anomaly and distal limb abnormalities: a further family with the arthrogryposis-ophthalmoplegia syndrome.
abstract: A two-generation family is reported in which three members have Duane anomaly and distal limb abnormalities. All three affected have photopic electroretinogram responses that are abnormal or at the lower limit of the normal range with normal scotopic responses. Two affected family members also have hearing loss. The likeliest diagnosis is the syndrome listed as "arthrogryposis-ophthalmoplegia syndrome" on the London Dysmorphology Database or as "arthrogryposis with oculomotor limitation and electroretinal abnormalities" or "oculomelic aplasia" in OMIM [MIM 108145]. In view of the similarities with Okihiro syndrome, a search for mutations within the SALL4 gene was undertaken, but none were identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Emma
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: McCann
authors.forename: Alan E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Fryer
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Richard E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Appleton
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohlhase
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004370:Duane Retraction Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004596:Electroretinography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017880:Limb Deformities, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009154:Mutation; D010375:Pedigree