title: Perturbations in nuclear factor-kappaB or c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathways in pancreatic beta cells confer susceptibility to cytokine-induced cell death.
abstract: Pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the death of pancreatic beta cells leading to type 1 diabetes. NIT-1 cells are an insulinoma cell line derived from mice expressing the SV40 large T antigen. These cells are a useful tool in analysis of beta cell death. NIT-1 cells are highly susceptible to caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha alone. Primary islets are not susceptible to cell death induced by TNF-alpha alone; however, they are killed by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in a nitric oxide-dependent manner. We examined signal transduction in NIT-1 cells in response to cytokines to determine the mechanism for TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. We found that NIT-1 cells are defective in the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) as a result of functionally deficient RelA activity, because overexpression of RelA protected NIT-1 cells from apoptosis. TNF-alpha also did not induce phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in NIT-1 cells. Together, these defects prevent expression of anti-apoptotic genes in NIT-1 cells and make them susceptible to TNF-alpha. To determine whether similar defects in primary beta cells would induce the same effect, we examined TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in islets isolated from mice deficient in NFkappaB p50. These islets were as susceptible as wild-type islets to TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma-induced cell death. In contrast to wild-type islets, cell death was not prevented by inhibition of nitric oxide in p50-deficient islets. Blocking NFkappaB has been proposed as a mechanism for protection of beta cells from cytokine-induced cell death in vivo. Our results suggest that this would make beta cells equally or more sensitive to cytokines.
authors.affiliation: St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. hthomas@svi.edu.au
authors.forename: Helen E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Eveline
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Angstetra
authors.forename: Rochelle V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Lina
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mariana
authors.forename: Windy
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Irawaty
authors.forename: Emma L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Jamieson
authors.forename: Nadine L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Dudek
authors.forename: Thomas W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kay
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016923:Cell Death; D002460:Cell Line; D016207:Cytokines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D015398:Signal Transduction; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D016328:NF-kappa B; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D048031:JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D020928:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases