title: The relation of sugar intake to beta cell function in overweight Latino children.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Few studies have investigated the association between sugar intake and insulin dynamics in children, and none have examined this association in overweight Latino youth.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aimed to examine the relation between dietary components, especially sugar intake, and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined 63 overweight Latino children aged 9-13 y. Dietary intake was determined by 3-d records, and body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity (S(I)), acute insulin response (AIR), and disposition index (an index of beta cell function) were measured by using a frequently sampled intravenous-glucose-tolerance test and minimal modeling. Hierarchical regression analysis ascertained the potential independent relation between insulin dynamics and dietary components.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relation between macronutrient intake and any variable related to insulin dynamics was not significant. However, higher total sugar intake, although not related to S(I), was significantly associated with lower AIR (beta = -0.296, P = 0.045) and lower beta cell function (beta = -0.421, P = 0.043), independent of the covariates age, sex, body composition, Tanner stage, and energy intake. Sugar-sweetened beverage intakes trended toward inverse association with lower AIR (beta = -0.219, P = 0.072) and beta cell function (beta = -0.298, P = 0.077).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In overweight Latino children, higher intakes of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages were associated with lower AIR and disposition index, which suggested that these children already have early signs of poor beta cell function. These results emphasize the need for early nutritional interventions to reduce daily sugar intake in overweight Latino children and potentially reduce their risk for type 2 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Jaimie N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Emily E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weigensberg
authors.forename: Geoff D C
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: Martha L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Gabriel Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Shaibi
authors.forename: Michael I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000293:Adolescent; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001823:Body Composition / Q000502:physiology*; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019422:Dietary Sucrose / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006630:Hispanic or Latino; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000208:ethnology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012044:Regression Analysis
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D019422:Dietary Sucrose; D007328:Insulin