title: Challenges and strategies related to hearing loss among dairy farmers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Farming is often imagined to be a serene and idyllic business based on historical images of a man, a horse, and a plow. However, machinery and equipment on farms, such as older tractors, grain dryers, and vacuum pumps, can have noise levels, which may be dangerous to hearing with prolonged, unprotected exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This qualitative study in Ontario, Canada, explored the challenges and coping strategies experienced by dairy farmers with self-reported hearing loss and communication difficulties. Through in-depth interviews, 13 farmers who experience significant hearing loss were questioned about the challenges they face as a result of hearing loss and the strategies they use to overcome or compensate for problems.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2 major challenges encountered by dairy farmers with a hearing loss were: (1) obtaining information from individuals, within groups, and through electronic media; and (2) working with animals, machinery, and noise. To cope with these challenges, participants used strategies identified as problem and emotion focused.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Four themes arose from analysis of the challenges encountered and strategies used: 1. Hearing loss is experienced as a "familiar," but "private," problem for dairy farmers. 2. Communication difficulties can negatively affect the quality of relationships on the farm. 3. Safety and risk management are issues when farming with a hearing loss. 4. The management or control of excessive noise is a complex problem, because there are no completely reliable yet practical solutions.
authors.affiliation: School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. louisehs@renc.igs.net
authors.forename: Louise
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hass-Slavin
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: McColl
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pickett
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D004430:Ear Protective Devices; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006317:Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D033262:Narration; D009623:Noise, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects; D009864:Ontario; D010353:Patient Education as Topic / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011320:Primary Health Care / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D019035:Rural Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors