title: Acute Otitis media, malaria and pyrexia in the under five age group.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Acute Otitis media is one of the most common childhood infections. It is responsible for every third visit to a pediatrician in a developed world. However, in Nigeria there is scanty knowledge about the incidence of Acute Otitis Media (AOM).
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study aimed at determining the incidence of AOM among under five year old children presenting with pyrexia, and to compare the incidence of AOM as a cause of pyrexia with the incidence of malaria in pyrexic children.
  
  
  METHODS
  It is a cohort study of 200 children of between the ages of 2 weeks and five years with a rectal temperature of 38 degrees C and above, seen over a period of 3 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was conducted at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital (OAUTHC) Comprehensive Health Centre, Eleiyele, and the children emergency room of the OAUTHC, Ile-Ife.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire to collect information on the demographic data was administered to each mother/guardian of the patient. Otoscopic examination using a battery-operated hand held otoscope and magnifying lenses were done in addition to general systemic physical examination. Thin and thick blood smears were made for malaria parasite. The dried slides were examined under the microscope using the X 100 objective. Sixteen of the patients' slides were lost after processing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Out of the 200 patients that were studied, 58 (29%) had AOM. The highest incidence was recorded in the age group 12-24 months while the least age of occurrence was found to be the age group 4-5 years. Malaria parasitemia was found in 81 (43.5%) while 21 (25.9%) of those with parasitemia also had AOM. But 76 (36%) of the study population had neither AOM nor malaria parasitemia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Acute Otitis media was found in 29% of under five years old presenting with pyrexia. It was found to be highest in the first and second year of life, and was found to be least in the 5th year of life. Malaria was found in 81 (43.5%) of the children, and 21 (10.5%) of the children had malaria with a co-existing AOM.
authors.affiliation: ENT Unit, Department of Surgery, OAUTHC, Ile Ife. yamusa@oauife.edu.ng
authors.forename: Y B
authors.initials: YB
authors.lastname: Amusa
authors.forename: T A B
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Ogunniyi
authors.forename: O O
authors.initials: OO
authors.lastname: Onayade
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Okeowo
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008288:Malaria / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria / Q000453:epidemiology; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D038781:Otoscopy; D010808:Physical Examination; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires