title: Large hiatal hernia and iron deficiency anaemia: clinico-endoscopical findings.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in men and postmenopausal women is mostly due to chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. One of the most common missed lesions while performing upper endoscopy in the work-up of IDA, are Cameron lesions, located at the neck of a large hiatal hernia.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Description of the bio-clinical and endoscopic findings of a large hiatal hernia, diagnosed in patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia. Furthermore, a review of the literature concerning the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients will be outlined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated 36 patients, presenting with IDA (hemoglobin < 10 g/dl) associated with a large hiatal hernia.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiopulmonary complications of anaemia were the presenting symptoms, rather than gastrointestinal related complaints or bleeding. Cameron lesions were visualized only in 18 (50%) of our patients at their first presentation. There was no obvious correlation between the presence of Cameron lesions and visible gastrointestinal blood loss. Initially, almost all of our patients were treated medically. Seven underwent surgical repair of the hiatal hernia and all remained asymptomatic afterwards.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We conclude that a hiatal hernia, with or without visible Cameron lesions, is a real and maybe underestimated cause of IDA. Finding a large hiatal hernia on upper endoscopy, together with a negative colonoscopy, completes the diagnostic work-up of IDA in most of these elderly patients. Currently, no guidelines concerning the optimal therapeutic management of this problem are available. Therapy may depend upon the need of transfusion, the efficiency of medical treatment, the risks of surgery and the preference and general condition of the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastro-enterelogy, AZ Groeninge, Kortrijk, Belgium.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Pauwelyn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Verhamme
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D018798:Anemia, Iron-Deficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006551:Hernia, Hiatal / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009780:Occult Blood; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins