title: Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome controls the stability of TPX2 during mitotic exit.
abstract: TPX2, a microtubule-associated protein, is required downstream of Ran-GTP to induce spindle assembly. TPX2 activity appears to be tightly regulated during the cell cycle, and we report here one molecular mechanism for this regulation. We found that TPX2 protein levels are cell cycle regulated, peaking in mitosis and declining sharply during mitotic exit. TPX2 is degraded in mitotic extracts, as well as in HeLa cells exiting from mitosis. This instability depends, both in vitro and in vivo, on the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a ubiquitin ligase that controls mitotic progression. In a reconstituted system, TPX2 is efficiently ubiquitinated by APC/C that has been activated by Cdh1. Two discrete elements in TPX2 are required for recognition by APC/C(Cdh1): a KEN box and a novel element in amino acids 1 to 86. Interestingly, the latter element, which has no known APC/C recognition motifs, is required for the ubiquitination of TPX2 by APC/C(Cdh1) in vitro and for its degradation in vivo. We conclude that APC/C(Cdh1) controls the stability of TPX2, thereby ensuring accurate regulation of the spindle assembly in the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, 337 Campus Drive, Room 137, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.
authors.forename: Scott
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: Guowei
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fang
mesh_terms: D000705:Anaphase; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D002453:Cell Cycle; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D002457:Cell Extracts; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D006801:Humans; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008938:Mitosis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D013379:Substrate Specificity; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002457:Cell Extracts; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D010750:Phosphoproteins; C122167:TPX2 protein, human; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome