title: Nosocomial infections and balloon counterpulsation: risk factors and outcome.
abstract: Between February and September 2003, 136 (5.3%) of 2,558 patients undergoing cardiac surgery were supported with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation. There were 71 infected (group 1) and 65 noninfected (group 2) patients. Risk factors for nosocomial infections were identified by univariate and multivariate analysis. On univariate analysis, significant risk factors were operation time, balloon pump duration, ventilation hours, duration of central venous catheter placement, amount of blood transfused, left ventricular ejection fraction<30%, intra- and/or postoperative intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation, surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass, combined procedures, re-exploration, and Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score. On multivariate analysis, ventilation hours and amount of blood transfused were independently associated with group 1. Respiratory tract infections were common in the balloon counterpulsation population (41.1%). Mortality was significantly higher in patients needing balloon pump support (19.9%) compared to controls (1.1%), but it was similar in groups 1 and 2. Recognition of risk factors for postoperative infection in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgical procedures with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation may help to improve their prognosis and allow more organized surveillance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Escorts Heart Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi 110 025, India.
authors.forename: Mandakini
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pawar
authors.forename: Yatin
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mehta
authors.forename: Abdul
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ansari
authors.forename: Rajeev
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Naresh
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trehan
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003428:Cross Infection / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D007423:Intra-Aortic Balloon Pumping / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015996:Survival Rate; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology