title: Detecting glaucoma with frequency-doubling technology perimetry: a comparison between N-30 and C-20 screening programs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the ability of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry in detecting glaucoma with N-30 and C-20 screening programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty eyes of 80 patients were enrolled (40 glaucomatous, 40 controls). Humphrey achromatic perimetry (standard automated perimetry, SAP) was considered as the "gold standard" for diagnosis. To assess whether N-30 screening program could detect more initial glaucomatous defects than C-20, glaucomatous patients included 20 cases with nasal step at SAP (pre-selected by medical chart inspection). Patients underwent two SAP examinations to confirm diagnosis; then two N-30 and two C-20 screening tests with frequency-doubling technology were performed in a randomized sequence. Finally, a frequency-doubling technology N-30 full-threshold examination was performed. Several criteria to define abnormality at frequency-doubling technology screening programs were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For both C-20 and N-30 screening programs, the best parameter to detect glaucoma was the presence of at least 1 point with P < 5% (sensitivity = 87.5% for both tests and specificity of 90% and 95% for C-20 and N-30, respectively). Both screening procedures obtained a lower sensitivity (75%) in patients with a nasal step, whereas frequency-doubling technology full-threshold program was able to detect the initial defects in all cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  N-30 and C-20 screening procedures obtained similar results in well-defined glaucoma patients in terms of sensitivity and specificity. In the presence of a standard automated perimetry nasal step, diagnostic ability with both frequency-doubling technology screening strategies decreased and one quarter of nasal steps went undetected.
authors.affiliation: Eye Clinic, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Odontoiatry, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. fogagnolopaolo@libero.it
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fogagnolo
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mazzolani
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossetti
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Orzalesi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D015351:Vision Screening; D058609:Visual Field Tests / Q000379:methods*