title: Phase-sensitive inversion-recovery MR imaging in the detection of myocardial infarction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To prospectively determine if phase-sensitive inversion-recovery (IR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging eliminates the need to find the precise inversion time (TI) to null the signal of normal myocardium to achieve high contrast between infarcted and normal myocardium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Informed consent was obtained from each patient for this prospective MR imaging research study, which was approved by the institutional review board. Twenty patients (16 men; four women; mean age, 56 years +/- 12.3) who experienced Q-wave myocardial infarction 2 weeks earlier were examined with a 1.5-T MR system 10 minutes after administration of 0.1 mmol per kilogram of body weight gadobenate dimeglumine. To determine the optimal TI, a TI scout sequence was used. A segmented two-dimensional IR turbo fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence and a segmented two-dimensional IR true fast imaging with steady-state precession (FISP) sequence that produces both phase-sensitive and magnitude-reconstructed images were used at TI values of 200-600 msec (TI values were varied in 100-msec steps) and at optimal TI (mean value, 330 msec). Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) of normal and infarcted myocardium and the area of infarcted myocardium were determined. Magnitude-reconstructed IR turbo FLASH images were compared with magnitude-reconstructed and phase-sensitive IR true FISP images. Two-tailed unpaired sample Student t test was used to compare CNRs, and two-tailed paired-sample Student t test was used to compare area of infarction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean CNR of images acquired with IR turbo FLASH and IR true FISP (phase-sensitive and magnitude-reconstructed images) at optimal TI (mean value, 330 msec) were 6.6, 6.2, and 6.1, respectively. For a TI of 200 msec, CNR values were -4.3, -4.0, and 7.2, respectively; for TI of 600 msec, CNR values were 3.1, 3.3, and 4.3, respectively. Area of infarcted myocardium was underestimated on magnitude-reconstruction images (P = .002-.03) for short TI values (ie, 200 msec) for both sequences and for a TI of 300 msec for IR true FISP but not on phase-sensitive reconstructed IR true FISP images when compared with IR turbo FLASH images obtained at optimal TI.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Phase-sensitive image reconstruction results in reduced need for precise choice of TI and more consistent image quality.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Clinical Radiology, Clinic of Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshadern, Marchioninistr 15, 81377 Munich, Germany. armin.huber@med.uni-muenchen.de
authors.forename: Armin M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Stefan O
authors.initials: SO
authors.lastname: Schoenberg
authors.forename: Carmel
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: Benedikt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Spannagl
authors.forename: Markus G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Engelmann
authors.forename: Wolfgang M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Franz
authors.forename: Maximilian F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Reiser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis*; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA