title: Function impairment and pain after closed treatment of fractures of the mandibular condyle.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  To determine the prognosis of fractures of the mandibular condyle after closed treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients (n = 144) with a fracture of the mandibular condyle, all treated closed, were included in the study. Fracture types and position of the fracture parts were determined on radiographs. Follow-up was after 12 months in which the average pain, experienced during the last week (visual analog scale, 100 mm), and mandibular functioning were assessed (mandibular function impairment questionnaire (MFIQ)).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Data of 116 (81%) patients, 41 women (35%) and 75 men (65%), were available for analysis. Condylar neck fractures were most common (52%). Bilateral fractures were present in 28% of the patients. Pain (visual analog scale score >0) was found in 9% of the patients. Impaired mandibular function was found in 40% (MFIQ >0) and 24% (MFIQ > or =4) of the patients. The most important risk factor for pain was being a woman. The most important risk factors for function impairment were > or =25 years of age and gross displacement of the fracture parts.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The overall prognosis of mandibular function and pain after closed treatment of condylar fractures is good. The most important risk factor for pain persisting for 1 year after closed treatment of a condylar fracture is being a woman. The most important risk factors for function impairment are an age of > or =25 years and gross displacement of the fracture parts.
authors.affiliation: Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands. p.u.dijkstra@rev.umcg.nl
authors.forename: P U
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stegenga
authors.forename: L G M
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: de Bont
authors.forename: R R M
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Bos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D005260:Female; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008337:Mandibular Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D020127:Recovery of Function; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome