title: Misreporting of energy: prevalence, characteristics of misreporters and influence on observed risk estimates in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.
abstract: The present study investigates the prevalence of misreporting of energy in the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort, and examines anthropometric, socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics of the misreporters. Further, the influence of excluding misreporters on risk estimates of post-menopausal breast cancer was examined. Information of reported energy intake (EI) was obtained from a modified diet history method. A questionnaire provided information on lifestyle and socio-economic characteristics. Individual physical activity level (PAL) was calculated from self-reported information on physical activity at work, leisure time physical activity and household work, and from estimates of hours of sleeping, self-care and passive time. Energy misreporting was defined as having a ratio of EI to BMR outside the 95 % CI limits of the calculated PAL. Logistic regression analysed the risk of being a low-energy reporter or a high-energy reporter. Almost 18 % of the women and 12 % of the men were classified as low-energy reporters, 2.8 % of the women and 3.5 % of the men were classified as high-energy reporters. In both genders high BMI, large waist circumference, short education and being a blue-collar worker were significantly associated with low-energy reporting. High-energy reporting was significantly associated with low BMI, living alone and current smoking. The results add support to the practice of energy adjustment as a means to reduce the influence of errors in risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, SE-205 02 Malmö, Sweden. irene.mattisson@med.lu.se
authors.forename: Irene
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mattisson
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.forename: Carin Andrén
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aronsson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wallström
authors.forename: Emily
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonestedt
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gullberg
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013548:Sweden / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber