title: Present status and perspectives in the treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: The cornerstone in the treatment of de novo or recurrent metastatic prostate cancer is androgen deprivation. Unfortunately, nearly all patients will develop androgen-independent ('hormone-refractory') disease with progressive clinical deterioration and ultimately death. Chemotherapy has been shown to palliate symptoms of hormone-refractory disease but not to improve survival. Recently, two large phase III trials have demonstrated an overall survival advantage for patients treated with docetaxel-based regimens as compared to the best standard of care. Indeed, investigations into the pathophysiology of this malignancy, novel biological agents, skeletal protectants and radiopharmaceuticals are expanding the clinician's armamentarium and improving the patient's outcome.
authors.affiliation: Operative Unit of Medical Oncology, Oncology Center Giorgio Porfiri, Latina, Italy.
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Silvestris
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Leone
authors.forename: Gianmauro
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Numico
authors.forename: Vito
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Lorusso
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: De Lena
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000378:metabolism*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001859:Bone Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D017326:Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; D004164:Diphosphonates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000077143:Docetaxel; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000188:drug therapy; D010166:Palliative Care / Q000379:methods; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000097:blood; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D016019:Survival Analysis; D043823:Taxoids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D004164:Diphosphonates; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D043823:Taxoids; D000077143:Docetaxel; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen