title: Personal standards and evaluative concerns dimensions of "clinical" perfectionism: a reply to Shafran et al. (2002, 2003) and Hewitt et al. (2003).
abstract: Shafran, Cooper, and Fairburn (2002, 2003) provided a cognitive-behavioral analysis of "clinical" perfectionism, a construct they considered to involve both the determined pursuit of self-imposed standards and extremely vulnerable self-evaluation. They argued against a multidimensional perspective to studying perfectionism. We respond to Shafran et al. (2002, 2003) and Hewitt, Flett, Besser, Sherry, and McGee's (2003) reply to Shafran et al. (2002) by considering the theoretical, empirical, and clinical implications of findings identifying two higher-order dimensions of perfectionism reflecting personal standards (PS) and self-critical evaluative concerns. Analyses of data from two diverse study groups, a college student sample (N = 527) and a clinical sample of patients with binge eating disorder (N = 236), revealed that self-criticism accounts for the relation between perfectionism measures and depressive, anxious, and eating disorder symptoms. We conclude that possessing high PS is not by itself maladaptive. Rather, self-critical evaluative tendencies are more relevant than PS to the critical processes Shafran et al. (2002) suggested contribute to the maintenance of clinical perfectionism.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, SMBD Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada H3T 1E4. david.dunkley@elf.mcgill.ca
authors.forename: David M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Dunkley
authors.forename: Kirk R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Blankstein
authors.forename: Robin M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Masheb
authors.forename: Carlos M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Grilo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001240:Aspirations, Psychological; D001828:Body Image; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D001068:Feeding and Eating Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000523:psychology; D009770:Obsessive Behavior; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012044:Regression Analysis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012649:Self Concept