title: Gastrointestinal nematode infection is associated with variation in innate immune responsiveness.
abstract: Ex vivo monocyte cytokine responses (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12p70, IL-10, TGF-beta) to bacterial TLR2 and TLR4 ligands were quantified in 47 gastrointestinal (GI) nematode-exposed children in Pemba Island, Tanzania. Worminess (estimated by faecal egg counts (FEC)) had a positive relationship with pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-1beta responsiveness to the TLR ligands. In particular, there was a strong significant relationship with TNF-alpha response to TLR4 ligand (LPS). There were no significant associations between regulatory responses (IL-10, TGF-beta) and worminess. These results are consistent with the possibility that GI nematodes modulate innate responses and may indicate a potential mechanism for interactions between GI nematodiasis and important bystander pathogens.
authors.affiliation: School of Biology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK.
authors.forename: Joseph A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Turner
authors.forename: Mahine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamal
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: Quentin
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Bickle
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Else
authors.forename: Mahdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramsan
authors.forename: Janette E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000723:Ancylostomatoidea / Q000472:pathogenicity; D000818:Animals; D001200:Ascaris / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology*; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D007411:Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology; D009348:Nematoda / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D009349:Nematode Infections / Q000276:immunology* / Q000469:parasitology; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2 / Q000378:metabolism; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4 / Q000378:metabolism; D014258:Trichuris / Q000472:pathogenicity; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016207:Cytokines; D051195:Toll-Like Receptor 2; D051197:Toll-Like Receptor 4; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha