title: A new HLA-DRB1 genotyping method using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis with multiplex primer extension reactions and its application to mixed samples.
abstract: We have improved on conventional methods for HLA-DRB1 genotyping and devised a new method that is simple, cost-effective, and adequately applicable to routine forensic practice. This method consists of group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the exon 2 region of the HLA-DRB1 gene and simultaneous detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at multiple sites using multiplex primer extension reactions. With this method, we successfully detected HLA-DRB1 genotypes from the following materials: the peripheral blood of 142 donors, 6 aged saliva stains of known DRB1 genotype stored for 5-10 years at room temperature, 10 aged bloodstains of unknown DRB1 genotype stored for 29 years at room temperature, and minimal bloodstains and saliva stains from 3 donors of known DRB1 genotypes. Furthermore, we were able to type DRB1 alleles of the minor component in mixed samples at a proportion of 1/1,000 or 1/10,000. In a criminal case, DRB1 alleles detected from mixed bloodstains on a sword found at the scene enabled us to explain the case. This method is expected to be useful for forensic medicine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Legal Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine and Dentistry, Okayama, Japan.
authors.forename: Kiyomi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imabayashi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Sachiyo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Yusuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Doi
authors.forename: Kei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yositome
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Miyaishi
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishizu
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D001801:Blood Stains; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000235:genetics*; D005554:Forensic Medicine / Q000379:methods; D005838:Genotype; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains; D006801:Humans; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D059811:HLA-DRB1 Chains