title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of paclitaxel poliglumex (XYOTAX), investigating both 3-weekly and 2-weekly schedules.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the safety, maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and toxicities associated with administration of paclitaxel poliglumex (PPX, XYOTAX, Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Bresso, Italy) given on either 3-weekly or 2-weekly schedule.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nineteen patients were investigated on the 3-weekly phase Ia study and 11 patients on the 2-weekly phase Ib study. Dose escalation starting with 100% increments and one patient per dose level was modulated in accordance with the observed toxicities. Conjugated and unconjugated paclitaxel were measured in plasma.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Dose-limiting toxicity of neutropenia was encountered at 266 mg/m(2) (paclitaxel equivalents) in phase Ia and the maximum tolerated dose was 233 mg/m(2). Neuropathy was dose-limiting in phase Ib with a maximum tolerated dose of 177 mg/m(2). Pharmacokinetic investigations indicated a prolonged half-life of >100 hours for conjugated taxanes. Plasma concentrations of unconjugated paclitaxel were similar to those following administration of an equivalent dose of Taxol. Two partial responses were observed, one in a patient with mesothelioma at 177 mg/m(2) in phase Ia and one in a patient with gastric carcinoma at 175 mg/m(2) in phase Ib.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  PPX is a water-soluble paclitaxel-polymer conjugate with a prolonged half-life and limited volume of distribution. Dose-limiting toxicities were neutropenia and neuropathy. PPX showed activity in this patient population.
authors.affiliation: Northern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, UK. alan.boddy@ncl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Alan V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Boddy
authors.forename: E Ruth
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Plummer
authors.forename: Radha
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Todd
authors.forename: Julieann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sludden
authors.forename: Melanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Griffin
authors.forename: Lesley
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cassidy
authors.forename: Donald
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bissett
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bernareggi
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Verrill
authors.forename: A Hilary
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Calvert
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020714:Maximum Tolerated Dose; D008875:Middle Aged; D008956:Models, Chemical; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D011108:Polymers; D011099:Polyglutamic Acid; D017239:Paclitaxel; C509139:paclitaxel poliglumex