title: High pulse pressure associated with cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aims of this study were to examine systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and pulse pressure (PP) in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing hemodialysis (HD), and to assess the relationships between these parameters and cardiovascular (CV) events such as coronary heart disease and congestive cardiac failure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 80 Afro-Caribbean type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis in three centers in Guadeloupe, French West Indies, were included in this cross-sectional study. Pre- and postdialysis BP were recorded. Logistic regression methods and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age (+/- standard deviation) was 62.2 years (+/-10.2 years). A total of 24 subjects (30%) had one or more CV events. Sixteen (20%) had coronary disease, 15 (18.8%) cardiac failure, and seven (8.8%) had both. The medians [interquartile ranges] for predialysis PP was higher in patients with CV comorbidity than in patients without a history of CV at 84.5 mm Hg [74.5 to 92.3]v 69.5 mm Hg [61.0 to 79.5], P = .003. Areas under the ROC curves (95% confidence intervals) predialysis were significant only for SBP and PP at 0.70 (0.58 to 0.82) v 0.71 (0.59 to 0.83) without statistical differences. After adjustment for gender, age, body mass index, antihypertensive use, time on hemodialysis (>or=2 years), and hemoglobin rate, the odds ratio was significant only predialysis, and a higher odds ratio was found for PP at 2.25 (1.22 to 4.18), P = .01, than for SBP 1.97 (1.12 to 3.49), P = .02.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that the strongest association of PP with CV morbidities should be considered in therapeutic strategies. These results show the necessity of targeting antihypertensive treatment to patients' predialysis blood pressure values.
authors.affiliation: Research group Clinical Epidemiology and Medicine of the University of Antilles and Guyane. lydia.foucan@chu-guadeloupe.fr
authors.forename: Lydia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Foucan
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Deloumeaux
authors.forename: Kheira
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hue
authors.forename: Tania
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Foucan
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Blanchet-Deverly
authors.forename: Henry
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Merault
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Gabriel
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hiesse
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D015897:Comorbidity; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D019430:Guadeloupe / Q000453:epidemiology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011674:Pulse; D006435:Renal Dialysis