title: Soft tissue connection between rectus capitus posterior minor and the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane: a cadaveric study.
abstract: This investigation determined the variation, prevalence, tissue-type, and sex bias in the soft-tissue bridge between rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPMi) and the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane (PAO). Seventy-five cadavers (27 females and 48 males) were surveyed. When RCPMi was revealed, its superior attachment was detached and the muscle was reflected inferiorly to determine if it was attached to the underlying PAO. If a soft-tissue bridge was identified, the fibers found within the bridge were classified by visual inspection into three categories: tendon-like, muscle-like, and fascia-like. A fourth category of no attachment was also noted. These results show that RCPMi was present bilaterally in 93% of all cadavers surveyed (89% of the female cadavers and 96% of the male cadavers). On the right side, a soft-tissue bridge was present in 67% of males and 78% of females. On the left side, the soft-tissue bridge was present in 69% of males and 82% of females. The number of male cadavers possessing tendon fibers in a soft-tissue bridge was 56% on the right side and 55% on the left side. In females, the number of cadavers possessing tendon fibers in a soft-tissue bridge was 44% on the right side and 64% on the left side. In males, muscle fibers were present in the soft-tissue bridge, 34% on the right side and 36% on the left. In females, muscle fibers were found in the soft-tissue bridge, 43% on the right side and 36% on the left. There were no significant associations of sex and the presence of the soft-tissue bridge and a fiber-type within a soft-tissue bridge.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, New York Chiropractic College, Seneca Falls, New York, USA. mzumpano@nycc.edu
authors.forename: Michael P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Zumpano
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hartwell
authors.forename: Carl S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Jagos
mesh_terms: D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D002102:Cadaver; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013710:Tendons / Q000033:anatomy & histology*