title: Effect of repeated oral administration of hypertonic electrolyte solution on equine gastric mucosa.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Electrolyte supplementation is common in horses during endurance competitions, but the effect on the gastric mucosa is unknown.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  Repeated oral administration of hypertonic electrolyte solution is associated with exacerbation of gastric ulcers in mature horses.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study design was a randomised, blinded, crossover trial. Fourteen horses were divided randomly into equal groups and administered either 60 ml water (placebo) or 56.7 g commercial electrolyte supplement mixed with 60 ml water by dose syringe orally once an hour for 8 h. The minimum concentration of individual constituent electrolytes/28.35 g dry commercial product used was: sodium (5528 mg); chloride (11,886 mg); potassium (3657 mg); calcium (754 mg); and magnesium (153 mg). Gastric lesions were scored prior to and after oral treatments, and analysis of variance procedures were then performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Administration of hypertonic electrolytes resulted in a significant increase in mean ulcer number (P = 0.0174) and severity (P = 0.0006) scores in the nonglandular stomach. Mean ulcer number score was 3.6 and mean ulcer severity score 2.7 after hypertonic electrolyte treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral hypertonic electrolyte administration to horses in this model was associated with exacerbation of gastric ulcers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that one schedule of electrolyte supplementation used commonly in endurance horses may be harmful to the gastric mucosa.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA.
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Holbrook
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Simmons
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Payton
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: MacAllister
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D010805:Physical Conditioning, Animal; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013276:Stomach Ulcer / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D004573:Electrolytes