title: Brain distribution of cetirizine enantiomers: comparison of three different tissue-to-plasma partition coefficients: K(p), K(p,u), and K(p,uu).
abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport and brain distribution of levo- (R-CZE) and dextrocetirizine (S-CZE). Microdialysis probes, calibrated using retrodialysis by drug, were placed into the frontal cortex and right jugular vein of eight guinea pigs. Racemic CZE (2.7 mg/kg) was administered as a 60-min i.v. infusion. Unbound and total concentrations of the enantiomers were measured in blood and brain with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The brain distribution of the CZE enantiomers were compared using the parameters K(p,) K(p,u,) K(p,uu), and V(u,br). K(p) compares total brain concentration to total plasma concentration, K(p,u) compensates for binding in plasma, whereas K(p,uu) also compensates for binding within the brain tissue and directly quantifies the transport across the BBB. V(u,br) describes binding within the brain. The stereoselective brain distribution indicated by the K(p) of 0.22 and 0.04 for S- and R-CZE, respectively, was caused by different binding to plasma proteins. The transport of the CZE enantiomers across the BBB was not stereoselective, since the K(p,uu) was 0.17 and 0.14 (N.S.) for S- and R-CZE, respectively. The K(p,uu) values show that the enantiomers are effluxed to a large extent across the BBB. The V(u,br) of approximately 2.5 ml/g brain was also similar for both the enantiomers, and the value indicates high binding to brain tissue. Thus, when determining stereoselectivity in brain distribution, it is important to study all factors governing this distribution, binding in blood and brain, and the BBB equilibrium.
authors.affiliation: Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Therapy, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anubha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chatelain
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Massingham
authors.forename: E Niclas
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Margareta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hammarlund-Udenaes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001812:Blood-Brain Barrier / Q000378:metabolism*; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D017332:Cetirizine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D045604:Extracellular Fluid / Q000737:chemistry; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D017551:Microdialysis; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D001798:Blood Proteins; D039563:Histamine H1 Antagonists, Non-Sedating; D017332:Cetirizine