title: Investigation of Helicobacter pylori infection in beta-thalassaemia major patients with recurrent abdominal pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) affects many children, especially those affected by beta-thalassaemia major. The role of Helicobacter pylori is still unclear in children with RAP.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study was the comparison of beta-thalassaemia major patients and normal controls with RAP in H. pylori infection. The factors influencing H. pylori prevalence were also investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of 50 beta-thalassaemia major cases (30 female, 20 male; aged 6-25 years) and 50 age-matched and sex-matched controls, both presenting with RAP, were recruited during a period of 18 months. The study participants were obtained through a multistage random sampling method among those that met Apley's criteria. All the patients and controls had undergone diagnostic oesophagogastroduodenoscopy with biopsy. H. pylori infection was confirmed by two histopathological examinations on an endoscopy sample and a rapid urease test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  H. pylori infection in thalassaemic patients was more common than in controls [34/50 (68%) versus 30/50 (60%)], but this higher frequency was not statistically significant. A clear relationship was found between the prevalence of H. pylori and age, duration of transfusion/chelation programmes, pain duration and splenectomy. In contrast, H. pylori did not correlate with abdominal pain characteristics, blood group, serum ferritin level and pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent endoscopy abnormality was gastritis (72%). Nausea and heartburn were the leading associated symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high prevalence of H. pylori infection suggests that H. pylori should be remembered as a probable cause of RAP in beta-thalassaemia major patients.
authors.affiliation: Haemostasis & Thrombosis Unit, Haematology Research Centre, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. karimim@sums.ac.ir
authors.forename: Mehran
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Karimi
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hadi Imanieh
authors.forename: Alireza Fotouhi
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Ghiam
authors.forename: Zahra
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hashemi
mesh_terms: D015746:Abdominal Pain / Q000382:microbiology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012008:Recurrence; D017678:Sex Distribution; D017086:beta-Thalassemia / Q000150:complications*