title: Age-related increase in wall stress of the human abdominal aorta: an in vivo study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The regulation of wall stress in the abdominal aorta (AA) of humans might be of specific interest, because the AA is the most common site for aneurysm formation in which wall stress seems to be an important pathophysiological factor. We studied the age-related changes in wall stress of the AA in healthy subjects, with the common carotid artery (CCA) as a comparison.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 111 healthy subjects were examined with B-mode ultrasonography to determine the lumen diameter and intima-media thickness (IMT) in the AA and the CCA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Aortic IMT was affected by age in men and by both age and lumen diameter in women. Carotid IMT was affected by age and pulse pressure in both men and women. Wall stress was higher in the AA than in the CCA (P < .001), and men had higher wall stress than women in both the AA (P < .001) and the CCA (P < .05). Furthermore, wall stress was constant during life in the CCA of men and women and in the AA of women. In the male aorta, however, wall stress increased with age (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arterial diameters increase with age, and a compensatory thickening of the arterial wall prevents the circumferential wall stress from increasing. However, this compensatory response is insufficient in the male AA and results in an increase in stress with age. These findings might explain the propensity for aneurysms to develop in the AA of men.
authors.affiliation: University of Linköping, Division of Vascular Surgery, Jönköping Hospital, Sweden. hakan.astrand@lj.se
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Astrand
authors.forename: Asa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rydén-Ahlgren
authors.forename: Tomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sandgren
authors.forename: Toste
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Länne
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D017536:Carotid Artery, Common / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012737:Sex Factors; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014655:Vascular Resistance