title: IVF and ICSI in male infertility: update on outcomes, risks, and costs.
abstract: Assisted reproductive technology with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is becoming an international panacea for couples struggling with infertility. The increasing popularity of these techniques and the data generated has given us a better understanding of the efficacy, consequences and costs of these procedures. There still remain many unanswered questions and controversies surrounding the use of IVF and ICSI. Increased experience, better refinement of these techniques and clearer indications for IVF and ICSI will inevitably minimize the risks associated with this procedure.
authors.affiliation: Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA. ekarpman@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karpman
authors.forename: Daniel H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: Larry I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Lipshultz
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D008297:Male; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000191:economics* / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014481:United States