title: NTera2: a model system to study dopaminergic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells.
abstract: NTera2, a human embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cell line, shares many characteristics with human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). To determine whether NTera2 can serve as a useful surrogate for hESCs, we compared global gene expression between undifferentiated NTera2, multiple undifferentiated hESC cell lines, and their differentiated derivatives, and we showed that NTera2 cells share multiple markers with hESCs. Similar to hESCs, NTera2 cells differentiated into TH-positive cells that express dopaminergic markers including AADC, DAT, Nurr1, TrkB, TrkC, and GFRA1 when co-cultured with PA6 cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) expression increased, whereas SSEA4 expression decreased as cells differentiated. Medium conditioned by PA6 cells stimulated differentiation of NTera2 cells to generate TH-positive cells that expressed dopaminergic markers. Flow cytometry selected polysialylated (PSA-NCAM) cells responded to medium conditioned by PA6 cells by differentiating into TH-positive cells and expressed dopaminergic markers. Sorted cells differentiated for 4 weeks in PA6 cell conditioned media included functional neurons that responded to neurotransmitters and exhibited electronic excitability. Therefore, NTera2 cell dopaminergic neuronal differentiation and PSA-NCAM enrichment provides a useful system for the future study of hESCs.
authors.affiliation: Gerontology Research Center, Stem Cell Biology Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. schwratzc@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Catherine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Spivak
authors.forename: Shawn C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Timothy K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: McDaniel
authors.forename: Jeanne F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Loring
authors.forename: Cuong
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Francis J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Chrest
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wersto
authors.forename: Ernest
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: Xianmin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Freed
authors.forename: Mahendra S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000502:physiology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D048430:Cell Shape; D018920:Coculture Techniques; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D046228:Microarray Analysis; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D019006:Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; D014446:Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; D004298:Dopamine