title: Somatostatin receptors (sst2) regulate cGMP production in rat retina.
abstract: The present study investigated the effect of somatostatin in the regulation of cGMP levels in rat retina and the mechanisms involved in this process. Isolated rat retinas were treated alone or in the presence of somatostatin (0.01-10 microM), BIM23014 (sst2 agonist, 0.01-10 microM), L-796,778 (sst3 agonist, 10 microM), somatostatin (0.1 microM) in combination with CYN154806 (sst2 antagonist, 1 microM), N(G)-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt (NMMA, inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS), 250 microM), orthovanadate (inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, 1 microM), and arginine alone (250 microM). cGMP levels were quantified by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry studies were performed for the detection of cGMP and nNOS, while Western blot analysis was employed for the detection of SHP-1. Somatostatin increased cGMP levels in a concentration-dependent manner. This increase was inhibited by CYN154806. BIM23014 increased cGMP levels only at the concentration of 10 microM, while L-796,778 had no effect. NMMA blocked completely the somatostatin stimulated increase of cGMP levels and nNOS was detected in rat retina. cGMP immunoreactivity was observed primarily in bipolar cells only of nitroprusside-treated retinas. SHP-1 inhibition by orthovanadate reduced the somatostatin effect in a statistically significant manner. These results suggest that a SRIF/SHP-1/NO/cGMP mechanism underlies the actions of somatostatin in the retina and in its influence of retinal circuitry.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department Basic Sciences, University of Crete, Faculty of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
authors.forename: Niki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mastrodimou
authors.forename: Foteini
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kiagiadaki
authors.forename: Mira
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hodjarova
authors.forename: Efthimia
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karagianni
authors.forename: Kyriaki
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Thermos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000378:metabolism; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats / Q000378:metabolism*; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism*; D013004:Somatostatin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D017481:Receptors, Somatostatin; C115977:Sstr2 protein, rat; C101130:somatostatin receptor type 1; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D013004:Somatostatin; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D054562:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1; D053824:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6; D017027:Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; C509250:Ptpn6 protein, rat; D006152:Cyclic GMP