title: Falls in an acute hospital and their relationship to restraint use.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Patient falls are a common complication of hospitalisation. Use of restraints in patients who are perceived to be at risk for falling may lead to injury and even death.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the frequency of falls and fall-related injuries and the contribution of restraints in a hospital population.
  
  
  METHODS
  We analysed incident reports of falls for a single year from a large teaching hospital. Results The fall rate per 10,000 patient days was 13.2 (95%CI 11.6-14.8). Fall rate increased dramatically with increased age. Eighty-two (30.7%) falls resulted in injury, of which 6 (7.3%) were serious. Injuries occurred in 71/247 (29%) unrestrained falls and in 11/20 (55%) falls in patients who were restrained. Injuries were more severe in falls with restraints in place (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Restraint use is associated with increased severity of injury in hospital patients who fall.
authors.affiliation: Dept of Geriatric Medicine, Galway Regional Hospitals, Galway.
authors.forename: K M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Austin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shaughnassy
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Higgins
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McDonald
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Mulkerrin
authors.forename: S T
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: O'Keeffe
mesh_terms: D000058:Accidental Falls / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001513:Beds; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006784:Hospitals, Teaching / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D015601:Injury Severity Score; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors