title: Forefoot joint damage, pain and disability in rheumatoid arthritis patients with foot complaints: the role of plantar pressure and gait characteristics.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess (i) the relationship between forefoot joint damage and foot function (expressed as gait and pressure parameters), (ii) the relationship between foot function and pain, and (iii) the relationship between foot function and disability in patients with foot complaints secondary to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-two patients with RA-related foot complaints were included. Measurements of joint damage, gait characteristics, plantar pressure, pain and disability were obtained. Data were analysed using descriptive and correlational techniques.
  
  
  RESULTS
  s. Joint damage on radiographs of the forefoot correlated significantly with forefoot pressure (r = 0.296, P = 0.020). Further investigation of the metatarsophalangeal joints (MTPs) showed joint damage to correlate significantly with peak pressure and pressure-time integral (PTI) of MTP1 and MTP4. A significant correlation between PTI under the forefoot and barefoot pain was found (r = 0.290, P = 0.022). Gait parameters (total contact time and the duration of heel loading) and disability, measured with the Foot Function Index, were significantly correlated (r = 0.315, P = 0.013 and r = 0.266, P = 0.037, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Forefoot joint damage in the rheumatoid foot is related to increased pressure under the forefoot, especially pressure under the first and fourth MTP joints. High forefoot pressure is associated with pain during barefoot walking. A prolonged stance phase and delayed heel lift are related to disability in daily activities.
authors.affiliation: Jan van Breemen Institute, Center for Rehabilitation and Rheumatology, Jan van Breemenstraat 2, 1056 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands. m.vd.leeden@janvanbreemen.nl
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Leeden
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steultjens
authors.forename: J H M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Dekker
authors.forename: A P A
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Prins
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dekker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D033023:Foot Joints / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005545:Forefoot, Human / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005684:Gait; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011312:Pressure