title: Effectiveness of alimemazine in controlling retching after Nissen fundoplication.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Retching, an early component of the emetic reflex, is a common and distressing symptom in children after Nissen fundoplication. Alimemazine (trimeprazine, Vallergan; Castlemead, Herts, UK) is a phenothiazine derivative histamine(1) antagonist, which anecdotally relieves the retching symptoms.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective, double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study of 15 neurologically impaired children with retching after Nissen fundoplication over a period of 1 year (December 2002-December 2003). Patients were randomly allocated to receive 1 week each of alimemazine and placebo with crossover. A diary was maintained of retching episodes 1 week before, during, and 1 week after the trial. Dosage of alimemazine used was 0.25 mg/kg 3 times a day (maximum, 2.5 mg per dose). Statistical analysis was done using a paired Student's t test, where P value of less than .05 was considered significant. Results are presented as mean +/- SD.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve parents completed the diaries (9 open, 3 laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication). Median age of the child was 36 months (8-180 months), median duration of retching was 4.5 months (1-52 months), and mean number of retching episodes per week was 60 +/- 29.40. Mean number of retching episodes with alimemazine was 10.42 +/- 9.48 vs 47.67 +/- 27.79 with a placebo (P < .0001). No adverse effects were reported in those cases that completed the study.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At low dose, alimemazine (Vallergan) is a safe and effective drug in the management of retching after Nissen fundoplication.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, WC1N 3JH London, UK.
authors.forename: Brice
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Antao
authors.forename: Kuan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ooi
authors.forename: Nye
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ade-Ajayi
authors.forename: Ben
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Lewis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Spitz
mesh_terms: D000982:Antipruritics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014291:Trimeprazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014839:Vomiting / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000982:Antipruritics; D014291:Trimeprazine