title: Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health-care workers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The global burden of hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to percutaneous injuries among health care workers (HCWs) is estimated.
  
  
  METHODS
  The incidence of infections attributable to percutaneous injuries in 14 geographical regions on the basis of the probability of injury, the prevalence of infection, the susceptibility of the worker, and the percutaneous transmission potential are modeled. The model also provides the attributable fractions of infection in HCWs.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 16,000 HCV, 66,000 HBV, and 1,000 HIV infections may have occurred in the year 2000 worldwide among HCWs due to their occupational exposure to percutaneous injuries. The fraction of infections with HCV, HBV, and HIV in HCWs attributable to occupational exposure to percutaneous injuries fraction reaches 39%, 37%, and 4.4% respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with bloodborne pathogens among health-care workers (HCWs). These infections are highly preventable and should be eliminated.
authors.affiliation: Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. pruessa@who.int
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Prüss-Ustün
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rapiti
authors.forename: Yvan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hutin
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017848:Blood-Borne Pathogens; D005260:Female; D014943:Global Health; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016602:Needlestick Injuries / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011159:Population Surveillance; D015995:Prevalence; D018570:Risk Assessment