Dermatoglyphic anomalies and neurocognitive deficits in sibling pairs discordant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia suggests that adverse genetic loading in conjunction with environmental factors early in fetal life causes a disruption of neural development, decades before the symptomatic manifestation of the disease. Neurocognitive deficits have been observed early on the course of schizophrenia, and their association with an early developmental brain lesion has been postulated. Dermatoglyphics have been analyzed in schizophrenia as markers of prenatal brain injury because of their early fetal ontogenesis and susceptibility to the same environmental factors that can also affect cerebral development. The aim of our study was to conduct a comparative examination of neurocognitive functions and dermatoglyphic variables in 89 sibling pairs discordant for schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Therefore, we investigated the association between these two markers to explore the prenatal origin of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The affected siblings were significantly impaired on all the cognitive variables assessed (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test and Continuous Performance Test) and had a greater number of dermatoglyphic anomalies. These results suggest the influence of intrauterine environmental factors in the siblings affected with schizophrenia. However, we did not detect a significant association between these two vulnerability markers in the schizophrenic patients, suggesting the role of genetic or late environmental factors in the origin of the neurocognitive deficits found in these patients.
Rosa
Araceli
A
Unitat d'Antropologia, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. araceli.rosa@ub.edu
Cuesta
Manuel J
MJ
Peralta
Víctor
V
Zarzuela
Amalia
A
Serrano
Fermín
F
Martínez-Larrea
Alfredo
A
Fañanás
Lourdes
L
D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003878:Dermatoglyphics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D035781:Siblings / Q000523:psychology*