title: One year of intravitreal injections of steroids.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic macular oedema sometimes does not respond to classic treatment such as laserphotocoagulation, periocular and systemic steroids or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. High dose intravitreal injection of steroids can be a valuable alternative in these patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty-four eyes of 51 patients with chronic macular oedema, refractory to conventional treatments, received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg Kenacort (triamcinolone acetonide). At postoperative controls (1 day, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year), the visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central retinal thickness on OCT II were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the diabetic group, but also in cases of chronic uveitis, retinal vein thrombosis, birdshot chorioretinopathy, Irvine Gass syndrome, cellophane maculopathy and age-related macular degeneration with classic subfoveolar neovascular membrane, dramatic decrease of the oedema was observed on funduscopy and OCT. A statistically significant reduction of mean central foveal thickness of 61% at 1 week and 49% at 3 months post-injection was demonstrated on OCT. Considerable gain in visual acuity was noted. The highest benefit in post-operative visual acuity was achieved after 3 months and averaged a gain of +3.55 Snellen lines (n=39). In 17% of eyes a rise in intraocular pressure was noted. Unfortunately we had one case of endophthalmitis in a poorly regulated diabetic woman. Six eyes were retreated because of recurrence of macular oedema.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Intravitreal injection of steroids can dramatically help in some cases of chronic macular oedema, not reacting to classic treatment. The injection should be performed under sterile conditions since endophthalmitis is a potential risk. The most frequent complication seems to be a rise in intraocular pressure in cortisone responders.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Deckers
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Priem
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Verbraeken
mesh_terms: D002908:Chronic Disease; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004487:Edema / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000150:complications; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D008297:Male; D012160:Retina / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D041623:Tomography, Optical Coherence; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014792:Visual Acuity; D014822:Vitreous Body
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids; D014222:Triamcinolone Acetonide