title: Aberrant IgM signaling promotes survival of transitional T1 B cells and prevents tolerance induction in lupus-prone New Zealand black mice.
abstract: New Zealand Black (NZB) mice develop a lupus-like syndrome. Although the precise immune defects leading to autoantibody production in these mice have not been characterized, they possess a number of immunologic abnormalities suggesting that B cell tolerance may be defective. In the bone marrow, immature self-reactive B cells that have failed to edit their receptors undergo apoptosis as a consequence of Ig receptor engagement. Splenic transitional T1 B cells are recent bone marrow emigrants that retain these signaling properties, ensuring that B cells recognizing self-Ags expressed only in the periphery are deleted from the naive B cell repertoire. In this study we report that this mechanism of tolerance is defective in NZB mice. We show that NZB T1 B cells are resistant to apoptosis after IgM cross-linking in vitro. Although extensive IgM cross-linking usually leads to deletion of T1 B cells, in NZB T1 B cells we found that it prevents mitochondrial membrane damage, inhibits activation of caspase-3, and promotes cell survival. Increased survival of NZB T1 B cells was associated with aberrant up-regulation of Bcl-2 after Ig receptor engagement. We also show that there is a markedly increased proportion of NZB T1 B cells that express elevated levels of Bcl-2 in vivo and provide evidence that up-regulation of Bcl-2 follows encounter with self-Ag in vivo. Thus, we propose that aberrant cell signaling in NZB T1 B cells leads to the survival of autoreactive B cells, which predisposes NZB mice to the development of autoimmunity.
authors.affiliation: Arthritis Center of Excellence, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Roy
authors.forename: Nan-Hua
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Yongchun
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bonventi
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wither
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology* / Q000473:pathology; D017637:Clonal Deletion; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007108:Immune Tolerance / Q000276:immunology*; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D051379:Mice; D008814:Mice, Inbred NZB; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D011947:Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell