title: A video study of pain relief during newborn male circumcision.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of dorsal penile nerve block and topical lidocaine-prilocaine anesthesia techniques for pain relief during circumcision.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 18 healthy term newborn males were divided based on anesthesia. The topical lidocaine-prilocaine group had six males undergoing circumcision and three males undergoing a sham procedure. The dorsal penile nerve block group had six males undergoing circumcision and three males undergoing a sham procedure. The procedures were videotaped and viewed by 90 noninvestigator reviewers who scored the infants' pain using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale and a numeric pain scale. Statistical analysis utilized a P-value of <0.05 as significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median Neonatal Infant Pain Scale and numeric pain scores were significantly lower in the dorsal penile nerve block group than in the topical lidocaine-prilocaine group or the sham group (Neonatal Infant Pain Scale: 1.0 (range 0-6) versus 6.0 (range 2-6) versus 4.0 (range 0-6), P < 0.001, respectively; numeric pain scale: 2.0 (range 0-10) versus 8.0 (range 1-10) versus 4.0 (range 0-10), P < 0.001, respectively). In the sham group, procedures with the dorsal penile nerve block had significantly lower pain scores than those with topical lidocaine-prilocaine (Neonatal Infant Pain Scale: 1.0 (range 0-6) versus 5.0 (range 2- 6), P < 0.001; numeric pain scale: 1.0 (0-8) versus 6.0 (range 0-10), P < 0.001). When reviewers were divided by medical background, gender or parental status, no differences in pain scores were observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The dorsal penile nerve block anesthesia technique for newborn male circumcision was significantly more effective for pain relief than topical lidocaine-prilocaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA. david.garry@nbhn.net
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Garry
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Swoboda
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elimian
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Figueroa
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002944:Circumcision, Male / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D009407:Nerve Block / Q000379:methods*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D047929:Term Birth; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014741:Video Recording
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D011318:Prilocaine; D008012:Lidocaine