Age and sex differences in neurobehavioral performance: a study of Portuguese elementary school children.
In this study normative data were obtained on measures of IQ, visual/motor, motor and memory functions among Portuguese elementary school children. Subjects were 228 females and 275 males, 8.0 to 11.9 years of age, in grades 2 through 4, who participated in a dental study. Performance on all tests improved with increasing age. Females performed better in rote verbal learning, psychomotor speed, and speed of information processing. Males had higher scores on tests of visual learning, visual memory, and fine motor speed and coordination. Nonverbal IQ had a significant impact on all tests except motor speed and coordination. Results represent an initial attempt to evaluate Portuguese children in educational and medical settings.
Martins
Isabel Pavão
IP
Centro de Estudos Egas Moniz, IMM Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. labling@mail.telepac.pt
Castro-Caldas
Alexandre
A
Townes
Brenda D
BD
Ferreira
Goretty
G
Rodrigues
Pedro
P
Marques
Susana
S
Rosebaum
Gail
G
Benton
Tonya S
TS
Leitão
Jorge
J
Derouen
Timothy
T
D000367:Age Factors; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002648:Child; D002652:Child Behavior / Q000502:physiology*; D002657:Child Development / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000502:physiology; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011174:Portugal; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D012016:Reference Values; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology