title: Efficacy and safety of oral amiodarone in controlling heart rate in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation who have undergone digitalisation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Oral amiodarone has been suggested by some authors for rate control in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. In this study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral amiodarone versus placebo for rate control during exercise and daily activities in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation who had undergone digitalisation.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study group consisted of 53 patients (35 men, mean age 65 +/- 9 years) with persistent atrial fibrillation (mean duration 17 +/- 7 months). All patients had therapeutic levels of digitalis and were under anticoagulation treatment with acenocoumarol. Twenty-eight of them were treated with amiodarone (200 mg per day orally) and 25 received placebo. All patients were assessed with 24-hour ECG monitoring, a maximal symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise test and evaluation of adverse events.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean exercise duration was similar in both groups. Amiodarone produced a lower heart rate than placebo at all exercise levels (p<0.0001 for all). VO2 was similar in both groups whereas O2 pulse was higher in the amiodarone group at all exercise levels. During daily life, heart rate showed a significant circadian pattern in both groups, with higher values during the day than at night (time effect for both p<0.001). The mean value of heart rate under amiodarone was lower than for placebo (75 +/- 10 vs. 86 +/- 12/min, p<0.001) but this difference was due to a significant difference during the day (p<0.001) that was not present during the night (p =0.48).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oral amiodarone is very effective when combined with digoxin for control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation and it should be considered as an alternative treatment when more traditional drugs, such as Ca(+2) inhibitors or b-blockers have proven ineffective or are contraindicated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece. cardio@med.uoc.gr
authors.forename: George E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Kochiadakis
authors.forename: Emmanuel M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Kanoupakis
authors.forename: Nikolaos E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Igoumenidis
authors.forename: Hercules E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Mavrakis
authors.forename: Panagiotis K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Kafarakis
authors.forename: Panos E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Vardas
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000638:Amiodarone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004077:Digoxin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015716:Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D004077:Digoxin; D000638:Amiodarone