title: Regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation by palmitate in skeletal muscle cells.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation and beta-oxidation in skeletal muscle. L6 rat skeletal muscle cells were exposed to various concentrations of palmitate (1-800 microM). Subsequently, ACC and AMPK phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation were measured. A 2-fold increase in both AMPK and ACC phosphorylation was observed in the presence of palmitate concentrations as low as 10 microM, which was also accompanied by a significant increase in fatty acid oxidation. The effect of palmitate on AMPK and ACC phosphorylation was dose-dependent, reaching maximum increases of 3.5- and 4.5-fold, respectively. Interestingly, ACC phosphorylation was coupled with AMPK activation at palmitate concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 microM; however, at concentrations >200 microM, ACC phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation remained high even after AMPK phosphorylation was completely prevented by the use of a selective AMPK inhibitor. This indicates that LCFAs regulate ACC activity by AMPK-dependent and -independent mechanisms, based on their abundance in skeletal muscle cells. Here, we provide novel evidence that the AMPK/ACC pathway may operate as a mechanism to sense and respond to the lipid energy charge of skeletal muscle cells.
authors.affiliation: School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fediuc
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Gaidhu
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Ceddia
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase / Q000378:metabolism*; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000819:agonists / Q000378:metabolism; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D018485:Muscle Fibers, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D019308:Palmitic Acid / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019308:Palmitic Acid; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000103:Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide