title: Evaluation of hydrogel tissue sealant in porcine laparoscopic partial-nephrectomy model.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is technically challenging with a steep learning curve, primarily because techniques used to control bleeding on the cut surface of the kidney can be ineffective, inconsistent, or challenging. Hemostatic techniques can include intracorporeal suturing, vascular coagulation (argon-beam coagulator, bipolar cautery, laser), and application of various tissue sealants. There is no uniformity of opinion regarding which hemostatic technique is optimal for this application. CoSeal, a hydrogel (Baxter Healthcare Corp, Deerfield, IL), has been effective following vascular surgery but has not been applied to a partial-nephrectomy model. We evaluated the effectiveness of this hydrogel in controlling bleeding and sealing the collecting system by comparing it with intracorporeal suturing and fibrin sealant (Tisseel; Baxter) in a porcine laparoscopic partial-nephrectomy model.
  
  
  METHODS
  Bilateral synchronous upper-pole partial nephrectomies were performed in two groups of 18 farm pigs, and the three hemostatic techniques (suturing, Tisseel, CoSeal) were applied. In the first group, partial nephrectomies were performed and the pigs sacrificed 3 days postoperatively (acute group). In the second group, the pigs were euthanized 6 weeks postoperatively (chronic group). In both groups, weight, blood pressure, estimated blood loss, weight of the partial and completion nephrectomy specimen, presence/ absence of urinary leak on retrograde study, histopathologic findings, and complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean weight, blood pressure, estimated blood loss, histopathology findings, and weight of the partial and completion nephrectomy specimens were similar in the three groups. CoSeal did not adhere well to the renal parenchyma compared with Tisseel. All three animals in the acute CoSeal group and three of the six pigs in the sutured group had small urinary leaks during retrograde ureteral study, whereas none of the pigs in the fibrin-glue cohort had urinary leaks. There was one complication (urinary leak) in the CoSeal group, necessitating sacrifice of the animal on postoperative day 8 because of sepsis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CoSeal is not as effective as fibrin glue in adhering to the cut renal surface and sealing the collecting system during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA. sundaram@iupui.edu
authors.forename: Jonathan E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bernie
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ng
authors.forename: Vladislav
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bargman
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Gardner
authors.forename: Liang
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: Chandru P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Sundaram
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D006489:Hemostatic Techniques; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D010535:Laparoscopy; D023421:Models, Animal; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D013536:Suture Techniques; D013552:Swine; D014014:Tissue Adhesives
chemical_list: C513322:CoSeal; D015718:Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; D014014:Tissue Adhesives; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols