title: A quantitative bioassay for extracellular metabolites that antagonize growth of filamentous fungi, and its use with biocontrol fungi.
abstract: A bioassay and an empirically derived formula were developed to quantify fungitoxic effects. This bioassay can be easily performed and objectively read, and it is suitable for low-volume samples originating from aqueous or organic solvents. The formula defines the Inhibition Index (I), a single value that incorporates both the response to concentrations of the inhibitory compound and the persistence of inhibition. Antagonistic efficacy of metabolites produced by biocontrol strains of Trichoderma spp. were measured based on inhibition of growth of Rhizoctonia solani. Although the bioassay itself was not influenced by pH or light conditions, these factors affected metabolite production or activity. Aqueous extracts from light-grown germlings of Trichoderma virens inhibited R. solani more than extracts from germlings grown in the dark. Low pH increased the inhibitory activity of extracts from T. virens. Tests of fungal strains developed for biocontrol demonstrated that the bioassay reflected their activity both in the field and in other in vitro tests. The bioassay and formula are readily adapted for use with other fungi.
authors.affiliation: Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, Plant Sciences Institute, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA. smischke@asrr.arsusda.gov
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mischke