title: Effects of pioglitazone on lipoproteins, inflammatory markers, and adipokines in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this research was to evaluate the short-term effects of pioglitazone (PIO) on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other metabolic parameters in nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty nondiabetic adults with low HDL-C and MetSyn were randomized to PIO or matching placebo for 12 weeks. PIO increased HDL-C by 15% and 14% at 6 and 12 weeks, respectively, compared with placebo (P<0.001). Changes in HDL-C were correlated to changes in adiponectin (r=0.34; P=0.01) but not to changes in insulin resistance. PIO did not affect serum triglycerides or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations but reduced the number of small LDL particles by 18% (P<0.001). PIO reduced median C-reactive protein levels by 31% (P<0.001) and mean resistin levels by 10% (P=0.02) while increasing mean serum levels of adiponectin by 111% (P<0.001) compared with placebo. PIO did not affect weight and modestly decreased insulin resistance.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In nondiabetic patients with low HDL-C and MetSyn, PIO significantly raised HDL-C and favorably affected lipoprotein particle size, markers of inflammation, and adipokines without changes in triglycerides, LDL-C, or weight. These results suggest that PIO has direct effects on HDL, which may contribute to its antiatherogenic effects.
authors.affiliation: Division of General Internal Medicine, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
authors.forename: Philippe O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Szapary
authors.forename: LeAnne T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Bloedon
authors.forename: Frederick F
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Samaha
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duffy
authors.forename: Megan L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Soffer
authors.forename: Muredach P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Reilly
authors.forename: Jesse
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chittams
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Rader
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood*; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D000077205:Pioglitazone; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D015415:Biomarkers; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D045162:Thiazolidinediones; D014280:Triglycerides; D000077205:Pioglitazone