p62/SQSTM1 forms protein aggregates degraded by autophagy and has a protective effect on huntingtin-induced cell death.
Autophagic degradation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates is important for cell survival, but it is not known how the autophagic machinery recognizes such aggregates. In this study, we report that polymerization of the polyubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1 yields protein bodies that either reside free in the cytosol and nucleus or occur within autophagosomes and lysosomal structures. Inhibition of autophagy led to an increase in the size and number of p62 bodies and p62 protein levels. The autophagic marker light chain 3 (LC3) colocalized with p62 bodies and co-immunoprecipitated with p62, suggesting that these two proteins participate in the same complexes. The depletion of p62 inhibited recruitment of LC3 to autophagosomes under starvation conditions. Strikingly, p62 and LC3 formed a shell surrounding aggregates of mutant huntingtin. Reduction of p62 protein levels or interference with p62 function significantly increased cell death that was induced by the expression of mutant huntingtin. We suggest that p62 may, via LC3, be involved in linking polyubiquitinated protein aggregates to the autophagy machinery.
Bjørkøy
Geir
G
Biochemistry Department, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
Lamark
Trond
T
Brech
Andreas
A
Outzen
Heidi
H
Perander
Maria
M
Overvatn
Aud
A
Stenmark
Harald
H
Johansen
Terje
T
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001343:Autophagy; D016923:Cell Death; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002465:Cell Movement; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D002470:Cell Survival; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D003600:Cytosol / Q000378:metabolism; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000737:chemistry; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D018715:Microscopy, Video; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D008954:Models, Biological; D008957:Models, Genetic; D009154:Mutation; D041681:NIH 3T3 Cells; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000378:metabolism; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011485:Protein Binding; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein; D014162:Transfection; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000737:chemistry
D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D003902:Detergents; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C506812:Htt protein, mouse; D000071058:Huntingtin Protein; C477012:MAP1LC3A protein, human; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011108:Polymers; D011506:Proteins; C099718:SQSTM1 protein, human; D000071456:Sequestosome-1 Protein; C101343:Sqstm1 protein, mouse; D025801:Ubiquitin; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins