title: Synthesis and characterization of a pyrrole-alginate conjugate and its application in a biosensor construction.
abstract: N-(3-Aminopropyl)pyrrole was covalently coupled with alginate in an aqueous-phase reaction by means of carbodiimide-mediated activation chemistry to provide a pyrrole-alginate conjugate for subsequent use in biosensor applications. The pyrrole-alginate conjugate was quantified by UV spectroscopy at 230 nm, by an HPSEC-MALLS analytical method, as well as by FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The new pyrrole-alginate conjugate was used for the immobilization of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) onto an electrode surface by physical entrapment resulting from the gellification process and electrochemical polymerization of the pyrrole groups. The efficiency of this cross-linking approach (chemical and electrochemical) was investigated by comparing the amount of enzyme released from polypyrrole-alginate and regular alginate. In addition, biosensors were prepared by entrapment of the PPO in polypyrrole-alginate and regular alginate matrixes and their performance for the amperometric determination of catechol chosen as a model analyte was examined, yielding a sensitivity of 350 and 80 microA M(-1) cm(-2), respectively, for polypyrrole-alginate and alginate biosensors.
authors.affiliation: The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev and Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.
authors.forename: Khalil
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Abu-Rabeah
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Polyak
authors.forename: Rodica E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Ionescu
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cosnier
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Marks
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry*; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D015374:Biosensing Techniques / Q000379:methods*; D002138:Calibration; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D002396:Catechols / Q000737:chemistry; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004563:Electrochemistry / Q000379:methods; D004566:Electrodes; D005782:Gels; D005949:Glucose Oxidase / Q000737:chemistry; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D046911:Macromolecular Substances / Q000737:chemistry*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008863:Microspheres; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008970:Molecular Weight; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000737:chemistry*; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D017550:Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D002396:Catechols; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D005782:Gels; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011108:Polymers; D011758:Pyrroles; C067635:polypyrrole; D020723:Glucuronic Acid; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase; C034221:catechol