title: (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), a novel triptolide analog mediates immunosuppressive effects in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: A series of triptolide analogs have been successfully synthesized. In the present study we demonstrated one of them, (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide (LLDT-8), showed low cytotoxicity and relative high immunosuppressive activities as compared with its parent compound triptolide in vitro. The CC50 values of triptolide and LLDT-8 were 2.1+/-0.3 and 256.6+/-73.8 nM, respectively. LLDT-8 significantly inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes induced by concanavalin A (ConA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and the IC50 values were 131.7+/-32.4, 171.5+/-17.3, and 38.8+/-5.1 nM, respectively. LLDT-8 (25, 50, 100 nM) dose-dependently reduced the production of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-gamma, IL-2) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) in vitro. Administration of LLDT-8 (at the low dose of 0.4 microg/kg, i.p.; 40 microg/kg, p.o.) intensively suppressed 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. Treatment with LLDT-8 (40 microg/kg, i.p. and p.o.) also markedly inhibited the sheep red blood cell (SRBC)-induced antibody production in BLAB/c mice. Most importantly, comparing with triptolide, LLDT-8 significantly reduced toxicity, with a 122-fold lower cytotoxicity in vitro and 10-fold lower acute toxicity in vivo. The results suggested that LLDT-8 had immunosuppressive activities in both cellular and humoral immune responses. LLDT-8 might be a potential therapeutic agent for immune-related diseases.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
authors.forename: Ru
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Fan
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pei-Lan
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Wen-Liang
authors.initials: WL
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Qing-Li
authors.initials: QL
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jian-Yi
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiao-Yu
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Yi-Fu
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Yuan-Chao
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jian-Ping
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Zuo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004224:Diterpenes / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D005260:Female; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000633:toxicity; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D012756:Sheep; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C509074:5-hydroxytriptolide; D016207:Cytokines; D004224:Diterpenes; D004365:Drugs, Chinese Herbal; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D004139:Dinitrofluorobenzene