title: Cellular response to phase-separated blends of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates.
abstract: Two-dimensional thin films consisting of homopolymer and discrete compositional blends of tyrosine-derived polycarbonates were prepared and characterized in an effort to elucidate the nature of different cell responses that were measured in vitro. The structurally similar blends were found to phase separate after annealing with domain sizes dependent on the overall composition. The thin polymer films were characterized with the use of atomic force microscopy (AFM), water contact angles, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) and significant changes in roughness were measured following the annealing process. Genetic expression profiles of interleukin-1beta and fibronectin in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were measured at several time points, demonstrating the time and composition-dependent nature of the cell responses. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) depicted upregulation of the fibronectin gene copy numbers in each of the blends relative to the homopolymers. Moreover, the interleukin-1beta expression profile was found to be compositionally dependent. The data suggest strongly that optimal composition and processing conditions can significantly affect the acute inflammatory and extracellular matrix production responses.
authors.affiliation: Polymers Division, Biomaterials Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA.
authors.forename: LeeAnn O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: Matthew L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Jean S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Stephens
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Gallant
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Mahoney
authors.forename: Newell R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Washburn
authors.forename: Aarti
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rege
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kohn
authors.forename: Eric J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Amis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods; D008422:Materials Testing; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D051379:Mice; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement / Q000737:chemistry; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D005353:Fibronectins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D011076:Polycarboxylate Cement; C005506:polycarbonate; D014443:Tyrosine