title: The evaluation of the Turkish version of the Well-being Questionnaire (WBQ-22) in patients with Type 2 diabetes: the effects of diabetic complications.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Psychopathological conditions including depression and anxiety are important in patients with diabetes due to their negative effects on the quality of life, treatment and glycemic control. The specially designed questionnaire for diabetics, the Well-being Questionnaire (WBQ-22), was used to determine the psychological well-being in Turkish diabetic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 100 patients, 45 males and 55 females, were included in the study. Patients completed WBQ-22 questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sex, in-patient follow-up, age, duration of diabetes, form of treatment, diabetic microvascular complications, diabetic foot, and increased number of complications were the factors detected to have an effect on the scores of general well-being or its subscales. Scores of depression and general well-being were 7.10 +/- 3.82 and 39.74 +/- 12.27 in females, and 4.20 +/- 3.48 and 48.84 +/- 11.45 in males (p<0.05). Anxiety score was found to be 5.70 +/- 3.71 in the outpatient clinic, and 7.28 +/- 4.38 in the inpatient clinics (p<0.05). General well-being score was 49.40 +/- 8.83 in patients having a diabetes duration of 1 yr or less and 33.70 +/- 8.83 in patients with 20 yr or more (p<0.05). Patients treated with insulin had depression score of 7.02 +/- 4.07 whereas patients treated with diet had 4.50 +/- 3.27 (p<0.05). The increasing total chronic complication points were also found to have a negative effect on WBQ-22 scores. General well-being score was 51.08 +/- 9.84 in patients with no complications and 34.50 +/- 14.14 in patients with 4 complications (p<0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Psychosocial support should be provided to Type 2 diabetic patients by studying the psychological well-being with WBQ-22 questionnaire.
authors.affiliation: Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Savli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sevinc
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001007:Anxiety / Q000209:etiology; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000523:psychology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011788:Quality of Life; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014421:Turkey