title: Effects of L-alanyl-glutamine upon the blood and kidney biochemical parameters in the rat hind limb model of ischemia/reperfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of l-alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) intragastric administration upon blood and kidney metabolic parameters alterations in rats subjected to ischemia/reperfusion of hind limb.
  
  
  METHODS
  Forty-eight male rats were randomized in 2 groups offered via gavage either saline 2.0 mL (G-1) or Ala-Gln solution 0.75 mgKg-1(G-2) once a day at 7 AM during 7 days. One-hour after the last gavage (Day 7) all rats were submitted to ether anesthesia, laparotomy and clamping of the left iliac artery for 3 h. Kidney and blood samples were collected at the end of ischemic period (3 h) and at 1-3-6 h during reperfusion period for metabolites (pyruvate, lactate, glucose and ketone bodies) enzymatic analysis. ATP was also assayed in kidney samples.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lactacemia and ketonemia were significantly increased in Ala-Gln treated rats during reperfusion. Kidney pyruvate concentrations were significantly decreased and tissue lactate concentrations were significantly increased during reperfusion (1 h and 3 h) in G-2 rats compared with respective controls. Glucose, ATP and ketone bodies concentrations were significantly increased in the kidney in L-Ala-Gln treated rats at 3 hours after reperfusion as compared to respective controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Unilateral hind limb ischemia in L-Ala-Gln pre-treated rats may induce increased lactacemia and increased kidney lactate concentrations, indicating increased glycolytic activity in renal medulla and in other peripheral tissues. Higher ketonemia during reperfusion may reflect a possible increase in ketogenesis due to lower insulin plasma concentration hepatic signaling as a result of increased glucose oxidation in peripheral tissues, caused by the intra-gastric administration of glutamine dipeptide, suggesting also decreased insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Brazil.
authors.forename: Marcos Antonio
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: Sérgio Botelho
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Guimarães
authors.forename: Daniel Aguiar
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Dias
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Cavalcante de
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
authors.forename: Vicente de Paulo Martins
authors.initials: Vde P
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: Paulo Roberto Leitão de
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Vasconcelos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000378:metabolism; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism; D007659:Ketones / Q000097:blood; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D019289:Pyruvic Acid / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D015427:Reperfusion Injury / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004151:Dipeptides; D007659:Ketones; D019344:Lactic Acid; D019289:Pyruvic Acid; C054122:alanylglutamine