title: Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases 2C8 and 2C9 are implicated in hypoxia-induced endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis.
abstract: Recent studies suggest that cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenase-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) elicit cell proliferation and promote angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CYP 2C8/9-derived EETs in the process of angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. In human endothelial cells, hypoxia enhanced the activity of the CYP 2C9 promoter, increased the expression of CYP 2C mRNA and protein and augmented 11,12-EET production. In Transwell assays, the migration of endothelial cells pre-exposed to hypoxia to increase CYP expression was abolished by CYP 2C antisense oligonucleotides as well as by the CYP inhibitor MS-PPOH and the EET antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (EEZE). Similar findings were obtained in porcine coronary artery endothelial cells. CYP 2C9 overexpression in endothelial cells increased the association of PAK-1 with Rac, a response also elicited by the CYP 2C9 product 11,12-EET. Matrix metalloprotease (MMP) activity was increased in CYP-2C9-overexpressing cells and correlated with increased invasion through Matrigel-coated Transwell chambers: an effect sensitive to the CYP 2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole as well as to EEZE and the MMP inhibitor GM6001. In in vitro angiogenesis models, the EET antagonist inhibited tube formation induced by CYP 2C9 overexpression as well as that in endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia to increase CYP 2C expression. Furthermore, in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, EEZE abolished hypoxia-induced angiogenesis. Taken together, these data indicate that CYP 2C-derived EETs significantly affect the sequence of angiogenic events under hypoxic conditions.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
authors.forename: U Ruth
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Michaelis
authors.forename: Beate
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fisslthaler
authors.forename: Eduardo
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Barbosa-Sicard
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Falck
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Fleming
authors.forename: Rudi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Busse
mesh_terms: D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D015687:Cell Hypoxia / Q000502:physiology*; D002465:Cell Movement / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002642:Chick Embryo; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D006801:Humans; D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013552:Swine; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D006893:Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; C067407:14,15-episulfide eicosatrienoic acid; C450260:CYP2C9 protein, human; D065729:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D020782:Matrix Metalloproteinases; D020744:rac GTP-Binding Proteins; D015126:8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid