title: A preliminary evaluation of alternative adjuvants to alum using a range of established and new generation vaccine antigens.
abstract: Although alum is the most commonly used vaccine adjuvant, it has some limitations for use with the next generation recombinant antigens. We explored the use of alternative adjuvant formulations (poly lactide co-glycolide (PLG) microparticles, MF59 emulsion, CAP and l-tyrosine suspension) in comparison with five different vaccine antigens--namely, diphtheria toxoid (DT), tetanus toxoid (TT), HBsAg, Men C conjugate and MB1. The results indicated that although alum was optimal for bacterial toxoid based vaccines, it was not highly potent for MB1, Men C or HBsAg antigens. MF59 emulsion stood out as a good alternative to alum for TT, HBsAg, MB1 and Men C vaccines. On the other hand l-tyrosine suspension and CAP did not enhance immune responses over alum with most antigens. PLG microparticles were comparable or better than alum with both MB1 and Men C conjugate vaccine. The study indicates that it is possible to replace alum with other adjuvant formulations like MF59 and PLG and maintain and/or improve immune responses with some vaccine antigens.
authors.affiliation: Vaccines Research, Chiron Vaccines, 4560 Horton St., M/S 4.3, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA. manmohan_singh@chiron.com
authors.forename: Manmohan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mildred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ugozzoli
authors.forename: Jina
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kazzaz
authors.forename: James
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chesko
authors.forename: Elawati
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Soenawan
authors.forename: Donatella
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mannucci
authors.forename: Francesca
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Titta
authors.forename: Mario
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Contorni
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Volpini
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Del Guidice
authors.forename: Derek T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: O'Hagan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002130:Calcium Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D019344:Lactic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D010316:Particle Size; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011108:Polymers / Q000494:pharmacology; D011136:Polysorbates / Q000494:pharmacology; D013185:Squalene / Q000494:pharmacology; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000276:immunology; D014612:Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D002130:Calcium Phosphates; D004168:Diphtheria Toxoid; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; C089950:MF59 oil emulsion; D022401:Meningococcal Vaccines; D011108:Polymers; D011136:Polysorbates; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D014612:Vaccines; D000077182:Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer; D011100:Polyglycolic Acid; D019344:Lactic Acid; C041524:aluminum sulfate; D013185:Squalene; C020243:calcium phosphate