title: The neuroplasticity-associated arc gene is a direct transcriptional target of early growth response (Egr) transcription factors.
abstract: Early growth response (Egr) transcription factors (Egr1 to Egr4) are synaptic activity-inducible immediate early genes (IEGs) that regulate some aspects of synaptic plasticity-related to learning and memory, yet the target genes regulated by them are unknown. In particular, Egr1 is essential for persistence of late-phase long-term potentiation (L-LTP), for hippocampus-dependent long-term memory formation, and for reconsolidation of previously established memories. Here, we show that Egr1 and Egr3 directly regulate the plasticity-associated activity-regulated cytoskeletal-related (Arc) gene, a synaptic activity-induced effector molecule which is also required for L-LTP and hippocampus-dependent learning and memory processing. Moreover, Egr1-deficient and Egr3-deficient mice lack Arc protein in a subpopulation of neurons, while mice lacking both Egr1 and Egr3 lack Arc in all neurons. Thus, Egr1 and Egr3 can indirectly modulate synaptic plasticity by directly regulating Arc and the plasticity mechanisms it mediates in recently activated synapses.
authors.affiliation: Ward 7-110, Department of Pathology, W127, Northwestern University, 393 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: Xiaoguang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Warren G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Tourtellotte
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051776:Early Growth Response Protein 3 / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D009473:Neuronal Plasticity / Q000235:genetics*; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020218:Response Elements / Q000235:genetics; D012640:Seizures / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D051766:Early Growth Response Protein 1; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C092069:activity regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein; D051776:Early Growth Response Protein 3; D007608:Kainic Acid