title: Effects of dissociated glucocorticoids on OPG and RANKL in osteoblastic cells.
abstract: Glucocorticoids are effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, but their use is often associated with debilitating side effects such as glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Newly developed glucocorticoid analogues such as the so-called dissociated glucocorticoids are potent immunosuppressants and have the potential for fewer side effects. The effects of these new analogues on osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) in osteoblastic cells have not been studied. OPG and RANKL are osteoblast-derived proteins pivotal to the regulation of bone mass. RANKL stimulates bone resorption by increasing osteoclast differentiation, activation and survival. OPG is the decoy receptor for RANKL and thus inhibits bone resorption. Here, we show that dexamethasone, prednisolone, deflazacort and the dissociated glucocorticoids, RU24858, RU40066, RU24782, AL438-F1 and ZK216348 significantly inhibit OPG production in two human osteoblastic cell lines (MG63 and hFOB). The potency for OPG inhibition was ligand and cell-type specific. In both cell types, dexamethasone and prednisolone were the most potent ligands inhibiting OPG production with IC(50)s of approximately 0.1 nM and 10 nM respectively. In MG63 cells, deflazacort and the RU compounds were the next most potent ligands followed by AL438-F1 and ZK216348. In hFOB cells, however, the RU compounds were the least potent ligands with an IC(50) 74 times higher than in MG63 cells. In contrast, the level of maximum inhibition or effectiveness of OPG inhibition did not vary between cell types but did vary according to the ligand. Dexamethasone, prednisolone, deflazacort and the RU compounds all inhibited OPG production by a maximum of approximately 70-80%, whereas AL438-F1 and ZK 216348 inhibited OPG production by a maximum of only 40-50% at 1 microM. All of the dissociated glucocorticoids and deflazacort were poor stimulators of RANKL gene expression stimulating by only approximately 1-3-fold compared to 7-fold by prednisolone. These data demonstrate that deflazacort and the dissociated glucocorticoids are weak stimulators of the RANKL:OPG ratio compared to prednisolone. Therefore, these compounds have the potential to cause less bone loss than that seen with prednisolone, though this was not investigated here.
authors.affiliation: Charles Salt Centre, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, SY10 7AG, UK.
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Humphrey
authors.forename: J H H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: M W J
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Davie
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Marshall
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D003899:Desoximetasone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006889:Hydroxycorticosteroids / Q000494:pharmacology; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000819:agonists* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D011239:Prednisolone / Q000494:pharmacology; D011282:Pregnenediones / Q000494:pharmacology; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006889:Hydroxycorticosteroids; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D011282:Pregnenediones; D053245:RANK Ligand; C000589029:RU24858; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D003899:Desoximetasone; D003907:Dexamethasone; D011239:Prednisolone; C021988:deflazacort