Autofluorescence and angiographic findings of retinal astrocytic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis.
OBJECTIVE
To describe fundus autofluorescence (AF), fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in different types of retinal astrocytic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis (Morbus Bourneville-Pringle).


METHODS
Two eyes with 8 lesions, i.e. type 1 (n = 7) and type 3 (n = 1), were examined. AF pictures were taken prior to injection, FA and ICGA images were obtained in the early and the late phase. To achieve additional cases, a systematic literature review with exten- sive Internet and library search was performed.


RESULTS
Strong AF was seen in type 2 and type 3 retinal astrocytic hamartomas, whereas type 1 lesions blocked the physiologic fundus AF. Fluorescence angiography of all types of lesions revealed hypofluorescence in early frames and hyperfluorescence originating from leakage in late frames. ICGA showed a subtle blockade in type 1, a total blockade in type 2 and in the central part and a partial blockade in the peripheral part in type 3 lesions.


CONCLUSIONS
Retinal astrocytic hamartomas in tuberous sclerosis can be easily detected by angiography, especially type 1 lesions which are difficult to visualize by funduscopy. Early- and late-phase fluorescein angiography and ICGA are helpful to differentiate the three lesion types.
Mennel
Stefan
S
Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany. stefan.mennel@lycos.com
Meyer
Carsten H
CH
Eggarter
Fred
F
Peter
Silvia
S
D001253:Astrocytes / Q000473:pathology*; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005453:Fluorescence; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007208:Indocyanine Green; D012164:Retinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D014402:Tuberous Sclerosis / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*
D007208:Indocyanine Green