title: Pharmaceutical development and clinical effectiveness of a novel gel technology for transdermal drug delivery.
abstract: Transdermal gels are designed to deliver sustained drug amounts, resulting in systemically consistent levels. They represent an improvement compared with transdermal delivery by patches because they offer more dosage flexibility, less irritation potential and a better cosmetic appearance. Advanced Transdermal Delivery (ATD) gel technology was developed in order to provide enhanced passive skin permeation of various active drugs for the treatment of many conditions, including hypogonadism, female sexual dysfunction, postmenopausal symptoms, overactive bladder and anxiety. The technology consists of a combination of solvent systems and permeation enhancers enabling systemic drug delivery, and is covered by many patents. Pharmaceutical development of formulations based on the technology allowed optimisation of physicochemical parameters (rheological profile, pH) as well as skin permeation properties (type and concentration of permeation enhancers, thermodynamic activity of the drug). This gel technology has demonstrated to be efficient for many drugs, as shown in the preclinical and clinical pharmacokinetic studies presented in this technology evaluation.
authors.affiliation: Antares Pharma AG, Allschwil, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Ingo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Alberti
authors.forename: Arnaud
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grenier
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: Dario Norberto
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Carrara
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005782:Gels; D006801:Humans; D007006:Hypogonadism / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013739:Testosterone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001750:Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic / Q000188:drug therapy
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D005782:Gels; D008333:Mandelic Acids; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; C005419:oxybutynin; D009640:Norethindrone; D000525:Alprazolam