title: Alkaline hydrolysis as a tool to determine the association form of indomethacin in nanocapsules prepared with poly(eta-caprolactone).
abstract: To determine the association form of indomethacin in nanocapsules prepared with poly(eta-caprolactone) as polymer and a triglyceride as oil, two methods were studied. The indomethacin ethyl ester was prepared as control, which showed a higher affinity for the oil than the indomethacin. Two differently loaded nanocapsule formulations were prepared. For both formulations, a burst effect was detected using ethanol as release medium. Light scattering (PCS) and NMR analyses suggested the ethanol diffuses through the nanocapsule polymeric wall promoting the total release of indomethacin and its ester. The results showed the inability of this approach to determine the association form of indomethacin. On the other hand, the alkaline hydrolysis of indomethacin and its ester, followed by their disappearance (HPLC), were evaluated. The nanocapsule suspensions containing indomethacin or its ester were treated with 50 mM NaOH. The total disappearance of indomethacin associated with nanocapsules was determined after 2 min, whereas the ester associated with colloids was consumed during 24 h. The constant particle sizes (264 and 259 nm) during the hydrolysis reactions showed that neither the nanocapsules were dissolved nor the polymer sorbed water during the contact with NaOH aqueous solution. The ester rate hydrolysis was determined by its diffusion from the nanocapsules to the interface particle/water. Finally, the indomethacin association model considers the burst release of drug after the addition of NaOH by the formation of its carboxylate, followed by its hydrolysis in aqueous solution promoted by the excess of NaOH. The adsorption was the mechanism of indomethacin association with nanocapsules.
authors.affiliation: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 15003, CEP 91501-970 Porto Alegre RS, Brazil. pohlmann@iq.ufrgs.br
authors.forename: Adriana Raffin
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Pohlmann
authors.forename: Leonardo Uhlmann
authors.initials: LU
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: Letícia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: Nádya Pesce
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: da Silveira
authors.forename: Sílvia Stanis Uaski
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Guterres
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry*; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000379:methods*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000737:chemistry; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D036103:Nanotechnology; D010316:Particle Size; D011091:Polyesters / Q000737:chemistry*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D002214:Capsules; D004337:Drug Carriers; D011091:Polyesters; D014280:Triglycerides; C507313:indomethacin ethyl ester; C016240:polycaprolactone; C022834:miglyol 812; D000431:Ethanol; D007213:Indomethacin