title: [Changes of cycle and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and antioxidant capacity in male rats with diabetes mellitus].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the changes of cycle and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells and antioxidant capacity of the serum and testis in male rats with diabetes mellitus.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty male rats were divided into two groups, 10 for normal control and 20 for the diabetes group. The rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozocin (TZ) to develop diabetes, and 12 weeks later, their survival rate and testis weight were recorded. The percentage of G0/G, S and G2/M phases and apoptosis in spermatogenic cells were measured with flow cytometry (FCM). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and NO synthase (NOS) activities in the serum and testis were measured with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs), nitric acid reoxidized enzyme, xanthine oxidative enzyme, 5,5 Dithiobis (2,2 nitrobenzoate) (TNB) and visible light photometer methods, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twelve weeks after the male rats got diabetes, their survival rate, body weight and testis weight were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the percentages of G0/G1 phases and apoptotic spermatogenic cells were obviously higher (P < 0.05) than the normal control. At the same time, the percentage of S and G2/M phases spermatogenic cells decreased. So the spermatogenic cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase. In the diabetic rat serum and testis, especially in the testis, MDA levels were distinctly higher and SOD activities were significantly lower than those in the control. Serum GSH-Px activities of the diabetic rats were significantly lower (p < 0.05), while testis GSH-Px activities were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.01). NO contents in the serum and testis of the diabetic rats (P < 0.01) increased significantly, particularly the former, while NOS activities in the serum decreased significantly as compared with the control (P < 0.5).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increase in testis and serum MDA levels and NO contents and the decrease in the antioxidant enzyme activity of the diabetic rats may be relevant to spermatogenic disorder caused by the increase of G0/G1 phases arrest and spermatogenic cells apoptosis.
authors.affiliation: MH Radiobiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
authors.forename: Hong-guang
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Zhao
authors.forename: Guang-wei
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Shu-chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhi-cheng
authors.initials: ZC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Zhen-qi
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Cai
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Lu
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cai
authors.forename: Shou-liang
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Gong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009569:Nitric Oxide; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase