title: Evaluation of PCDD/F congener partition in vapor/solid phases of waste incinerator flue gases.
abstract: Activated carbon injection (ACI) is commonly used to control PCDD/F (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) emissions from stationary sources. In this study, the characteristics of PCDD/Fs emitted from one municipal waste incinerator (MWI) and two industrial waste incinerators (IWI-1 and IWI-2) that apply activated carbon systems for controlling the emissions are investigated via intensive stack sampling. MWI and IWI-1 are equipped with ACI and bag filters (BF) while IWI-2 is equipped with a fixed activated carbon bed (FCB). Results indicate that most PCDD/Fs in flue gas downstream of ACI+BF exist in vapor phase (over 90%) while most PCDD/ Fs exist in solid phase (over 60%) downstream of FCB. For MWI and IWI-1, the removal efficiencies of vapor and solid-phase PCDD/Fs are 98.5-99.6% and 99.8-99.9%, respectively. In addition,the removal efficiencies of vapor- and solid-phase PCDD/Fs are 84.5% and -13.4% in IWI-2, respectively. The results also indicate that the partition of vapor/solid-phase PCDD/F is affected by the type of the air pollutant control devices (APCDs) applied upstream and the particulate matter concentration in flue gas. On the basis of the sampling results of waste incinerators, this study preliminarily establishes the equations for predicting vapor/solid-phase PCDD/F partition in flue gases downstream of various APCDs including cyclone (CY), electrostatic precipitator (EP), FCB, ACI+BF, and selective catalytic reduction system (SCR).
authors.affiliation: Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Kai Hsien
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Chi
authors.forename: Moo Been
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000397:Air Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000032:analysis*; D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry; D004147:Dioxins / Q000032:analysis*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D017745:Incineration; D044367:Phase Transition; D012037:Refuse Disposal
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D001572:Benzofurans; D004147:Dioxins; D002244:Carbon; C023614:dibenzofuran