title: In vitro gene expression changes of androgen receptor coactivators after hormone deprivation in an androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Androgen receptor (AR) coactivators modulate the transcriptional activity of AR and may activate AR-associated genes upon androgen deprivation. Changes of expression patterns may help reveal the role of AR cofactors in androgen-independent prostate cancer. This study investigated changes of expression patterns of several AR coactivators after androgen deprivation in an androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP).
  
  
  METHODS
  LNCaP cells were cultured in RPMI medium with charcoal/dextran-treated fetal bovine serum for 28 days. Samples of total RNA collected at 1-week intervals were analyzed using a non-isotopic multi-probe ribonuclease protection assay system with a human AR multi-probe template set. Expression changes of 10 mRNAs of interest (AR, Rb, ARA160, ARA24, ARA54, ARA55, ARA70, BRCA1, F-SRC-1, and RAC3) were analyzed simultaneously as AR and AR-associated cofactors in 1 hybridization reaction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven of 10 cofactors tested were expressed in LNCaP cells. Only Rb, ARA55 and BRCA1 were not detected. LNCaP cells cultured in charcoal-treated serum for 28 days clearly showed more than 1.5-fold increases in AR, ARA160, and ARA70 expression, while expression of ARA24 and ARA54 increased less than 1.5-fold. Only RAC3 and F-SRC-1 decreased in RNA expression. Cell morphology features changed gradually into neuron-like shapes with elongated cytoplasm during the culture period. Cell growth almost ceased 28 days after the start of culture.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The changes in expression pattern of AR and AR cofactors and in particular the remarkable increase in AR, ARA160 and ARA70 support the role of AR cofactors in modulating prostate cancer cell growth from androgen dependence to androgen independence.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Hong-Chiang
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Shyh-Chyan
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ju-Ton
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Hsieh
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; D008297:Male; D009376:Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D015513:Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011944:Receptors, Androgen / Q000235:genetics*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C410798:AR protein, human; D000728:Androgens; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D060588:LIM Domain Proteins; C111382:NCOA4 protein, human; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D056918:Nuclear Receptor Coactivators; D015513:Oncogene Proteins; C120587:RAN protein, human; C118499:RNF14 protein, human; D011944:Receptors, Androgen; C490351:TGFB1I1 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; C077335:TMF1 protein, human; D020931:ran GTP-Binding Protein