title: Importance of early adequate exposure to cyclosporine in renal transplant outcome: study of 1-year creatinine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  One-year serum creatinine (SCr) level has been used as a surrogate marker for graft survival in kidney transplantation. We evaluated the importance of different factors on this parameter, emphasizing the importance of adequate exposure to Cyclosporine (CyA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Ninety-six consecutive renal transplant recipients who underwent transplantation between 1996 and 2002 were treated with CyA, steroids, and azathioprine. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed for 1-year SCr, acute rejection episodes (ARE), and duration of delayed graft function (DGF). We considered adequate CyA levels within 1 week to be >250 ng/mL trough levels (38%) or 3 hour postdose level (C3) >1100 ng/mL (62%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean 1-year SCr was 1.52 +/- 0.5, ARE rate was 27%, and DGF rate was 31%. Overall, 53% of patients achieved adequate exposure to CyA at 1 week (68% on those monitored by C3). Univariate analysis identified female recipient gender, decreasing donor age, absence of ARE, and decreased DGF duration to yield lower 1-year SCr (P < .05). On multivariate analysis for donor age (lower), ARE rate, and duration of DGF (shorter) were the only factors considered to be significant for a lower 1-year SCr level. Multivariate analysis for ARE showed that adequate CyA exposure and lower HLA mismatch decreased ARE, whereas the ability to achieve adequate exposure to CyA and shorter cold ischemia time (CIT) correlated with a reduced incidence of DGF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  One-year SCr level is affected primarily by the incidence of ARE, by donor age, and by duration of DGF. Adequate CyA exposure is related to lower ARE; however, its relation to DGF may be influenced by the reluctance to increase exposure on patients with a nonfunctioning graft.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 437 Depto. C, Santiago, Chile. javierdomi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kompatzki
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Velasco
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Turpaud
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Norambuena
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Arenas
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pais
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Llanos
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cortes-Monroy
mesh_terms: D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D003404:Creatinine