title: Palliative treatment of dyspnea with epidural methadone in advanced emphysema.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study investigated whether epidural methadone perfusion at the thoracic level can mitigate dyspnea in patients with advanced emphysema.
  
  
  METHODS
  Open-label clinical trial without a control group.
  
  
  METHODS
  University hospital.
  
  
  METHODS
  The inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of emphysema, basal dyspnea index (Mahler scale) < or = 3, FEV(1) < or = 35%, and no indication for pneumoreduction or lung transplantation surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  An epidural catheter was inserted at the thoracic level connected to a perfusion pump for administering methadone (6 mg/24 h). Assessments were made at baseline, 1 week, and 1 month after catheter insertion.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pulmonary function tests were performed, and determinations were made of arterial blood gas levels, respiratory control data, dyspnea quantification by Mahler transitional dyspnea index (TDI), and the Borg scale change with inspiratory resistive loading, 6-min walk (6MW) distance, and health-related quality of life using the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the nine patients studied, infection and catheter migration lead to suspension of treatment before the end of the study in two cases. A significant improvement in dyspnea occurred by 1 week: mean TDI, 3.77 (SD, 1.98) [p < 0.01]. After 1 month of treatment, there were significant improvements in the 6MW distance (mean, 35.33 m; SD, 17.03; p < 0.05), health-related quality of life (mean, 1.63; SD, 0.36; p < 0.05), and dyspnea (mean TDI, 5.33; SD, 2.16; p < 0.05). In addition, after 1 month, Paco(2) fell by 6.67 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and rapid shallow breathing index decreased from 38 to 27 (p < 0.05). These changes occurred without any alteration in the subject's ability to perceive or respond to inspiratory loading.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Epidural methadone perfusion at chest level can effectively palliate dyspnea and improve exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with advanced emphysema, without deterioration in respiratory control or lung function. These data suggest that modulation of spinal cord afferent signaling is an appropriate novel target for dyspnea control in chronic respiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Spain. Gustavo.Juan@uv.es
authors.forename: Gustavo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Juan
authors.forename: Mercedes
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ramón
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Valia
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cortijo
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rubio
authors.forename: Esteban
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Morcillo
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Calverley
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D004417:Dyspnea / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology; D004824:Epidural Space; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010166:Palliative Care; D011656:Pulmonary Emphysema / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011788:Quality of Life; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010100:Oxygen; D008691:Methadone