title: SOCS1 and SOCS3 are targeted by hepatitis C virus core/gC1qR ligation to inhibit T-cell function.
abstract: T cells play an important role in the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We have previously demonstrated that the HCV core inhibits T-cell responses through interaction with gC1qR. We show here that core proteins from chronic and resolved HCV patients differ in sequence, gC1qR-binding ability, and T-cell inhibition. Specifically, chronic core isolates bind to gC1qR more efficiently and inhibit T-cell proliferation as well as gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production more profoundly than resolved core isolates. This inhibition is mediated by the disruption of STAT phosphorylation through the induction of SOCS molecules. Silencing either SOCS1 or SOCS3 by small interfering RNA dramatically augments the production of IFN-gamma in T cells, thereby abrogating the inhibitory effect of core. Additionally, the ability of core proteins from patients with chronic infections to induce SOCS proteins and suppress STAT activation greatly exceeds that of core proteins from patients with resolved infections. These results suggest that the HCV core/gC1qR-induced T-cell dysfunction involves the induction of SOCS, a powerful inhibitor of cytokine signaling, which represents a novel mechanism by which a virus usurps the host machinery for persistence.
authors.affiliation: Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
authors.forename: Zhi Qiang
authors.initials: ZQ
authors.lastname: Yao
authors.forename: Stephen N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Waggoner
authors.forename: Michael W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Cruise
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Xuefang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Oldach
authors.forename: Young S
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Hahn
mesh_terms: D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015922:Complement C1q / Q000276:immunology; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C087299:C1QBP protein, human; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012097:Repressor Proteins; C108944:SOCS1 protein, human; C106644:SOCS3 protein, human; D000071222:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Protein; D000071223:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein; D050826:Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; D015922:Complement C1q