title: Comparison of lipopolysaccharide-binding functions of CD14 and MD-2.
abstract: Prior to being recognized by the cell surface Toll-like receptor 4/MD-2 complex, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the bacterial outer membrane has to be processed by LPS-binding protein and CD14. CD14 forms a complex with monomeric LPS extracted by LPS-binding protein and transfers LPS to the cell surface signaling complex. In a previous study, we prepared a functional recombinant MD-2 using a bacterial expression system. We expressed the recombinant protein in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with thioredoxin and demonstrated specific binding to LPS. In this study, we prepared recombinant CD14 fusion proteins using the same approach. Specific binding of LPS was demonstrated with a recombinant protein containing 151 amino-terminal residues. The region contained a hydrophilic region and the first three leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). The LRRs appeared to contribute to the binding because removal of the region resulted in a reduction in the binding function. LPS binding to the recombinant MD-2 was resistant to detergents. On the other hand, the binding to CD14 was prevented in the presence of low concentrations of detergents. In the case of human MD-2, the secondary myristoyl chain of LPS added by LpxM was required for the binding. A nonpathogenic penta-acyl LPS mutant lacking the myristoyl chain did not bind to MD-2 but did so normally to CD14. The broader LPS-binding spectrum of CD14 may allow recognition of multiple pathogens, and the lower affinity for LPS binding of CD14 allows transmission of captured materials to MD-2.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Saga Medical School, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan.
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Koraha
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Tsuneyoshi
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kimoto
authors.forename: Jean-Francois
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Gauchat
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nakatake
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fukudome
mesh_terms: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D003902:Detergents / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96 / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding / Q000276:immunology; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein
chemical_list: D000209:Acute-Phase Proteins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003902:Detergents; D018950:Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D051218:Lymphocyte Antigen 96; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D000099231:Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein; C495377:LY96 protein, human