title: The European DISABKIDS project: development of seven condition-specific modules to measure health related quality of life in children and adolescents.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The European DISABKIDS project aims to enhance the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions and their families. We describe the development of the seven cross-nationally tested condition-specific modules of the European DISABKIDS HRQoL instrument in a population of children and adolescents. The condition-specific modules are intended for use in conjunction with the DISABKIDS chronic generic module.
  
  
  METHODS
  Focus groups were used to construct the pilot version of the DISABKIDS condition-specific HRQoL modules for asthma, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, atopic dermatitis, cerebral palsy, cystic fibrosis, diabetes and epilepsy. Analyses were conducted on pilot test data in order to construct field test versions of the modules. A series of factor analyses were run, first, to determine potential structures for each condition-specific module, and, secondly, to select a reduced number of items from the pilot test to be included in the field test. Post-field test analyses were conducted to retest the domain structure for the final DISABKIDS condition-specific modules.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The DISABKIDS condition-specific modules were tested in a pilot study of 360 respondents, and subsequently in a field test of 1152 respondents in 7 European countries. The final condition-specific modules consist of an 'Impact' domain and an additional domain (e.g. worry, stigma, treatment) with between 10 to 12 items in total. The Cronbach's alpha of the final domains was found to vary from 0.71 to 0.90.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The condition-specific modules of the DISABKIDS instrument were developed through a step-by-step process including cognitive interview, clinical expertise, factor analysis, correlations and internal consistency. A cross-national pilot and field test were necessary to collect these data. In general, the internal consistency of the domains was satisfactory to high. In future, the DISABKIDS instrument may serve as a useful tool with which to assess HRQoL in children and adolescents with a chronic condition. The condition-specific modules can be used in conjunction with the DISABKIDS chronic generic module.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands. R.M.Baars@lumc.nl
authors.forename: Rolanda M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: Clare I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Atherton
authors.forename: Hendrik M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Koopman
authors.forename: Monika
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bullinger
authors.forename: Mick
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Power
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety; D002648:Child; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D019988:Children with Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005190:Family / Q000523:psychology*; D017144:Focus Groups; D006801:Humans; D038622:Internationality; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011788:Quality of Life / Q000523:psychology*; D018434:Sickness Impact Profile; D013240:Stereotyping; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000145:classification*