title: Response of some head and neck cancers to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be linked to mutation of ERBB2 rather than EGFR.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have shown modest yet reproducible response rates in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Somatic mutations in EGFR have recently been shown to be predictive of a clinical response in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with these inhibitors. The objective of this study was to determine if such mutations, or recently reported mutations in ERBB2, also underlie EGFR-TKI responsiveness in SCCHN patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  We sequenced the kinase domain of EGFR and exon 20 of ERBB2 in tumor specimens from eight responsive patients. In addition, mutational analysis was done on tumor specimens from nine gefitinib nonresponders and 65 unselected cases of SCCHN.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of eight TKI-responsive specimens had mutations within the kinase domain of EGFR. EGFR amplification was also not associated with drug responsiveness. However, a single responsive case had a somatic missense mutation within exon 20 of ERBB2.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data indicate that unlike NSCLC, EGFR kinase mutations are rare in unselected cases of SCCHN within the United States and are not linked to gefitinib or erlotinib responses in SCCHN. Alternative mechanisms, including ERBB2 mutations, may underlie responsiveness in this tumor type.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Ezra E W
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Lingen
authors.forename: Leslie E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Patricia L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Brian W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Brannigan
authors.forename: Sara M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Haserlat
authors.forename: Ross A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Okimoto
authors.forename: Dennis C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Sgroi
authors.forename: Sonika
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dahiya
authors.forename: Beth
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muir
authors.forename: John R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: James W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Rocco
authors.forename: Everett E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Haber
authors.forename: Daphne W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001483:Base Sequence; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D000077156:Gefitinib; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000235:genetics*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D000077156:Gefitinib; D047428:Protein Kinase Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases