title: Increased risk of tuberculosis with human T-lymphotropic virus-1 infection: a case-control study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) increases the risk of tuberculosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  A case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  City of Salvador, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 375 patients with tuberculosis (cases) and 378 individuals without tuberculosis (controls), matched by age and sex.
  
  
  METHODS
  Tuberculosis of lung or lymph node.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human HTLV-1 infection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The prevalence of HTLV-1 infection was 4.27% (16/375) in patients with tuberculosis and 1.32% (5/378) in controls, resulting in a crude odds ratio of 3.31 (95% CI, 1.20-9.13) and an adjusted odds ratio of 3.01 (95% CI, 1.06-8.58).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HTLV-1 infection is associated with a first diagnosis of tuberculosis. This may have implications for tuberculosis control in places with high prevalence of HTLV-1.
authors.affiliation: HTLV Reference Centre, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, BA, Brasil. jamocyr@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Jamocyr
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marinho
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Galvão-Castro
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rodrigues
authors.forename: Mauricio L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Barreto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001938:Brazil; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D015490:HTLV-I Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*