title: Anti-inflammatory effects of IL-4 and dynamic compression in IL-1beta stimulated chondrocytes.
abstract: Mechanical loading can counteract inflammatory pathways induced by IL-1beta by inhibiting *NO and PGE2, catabolic mediators known to be involved in cartilage degradation. The current study investigates the potential of dynamic compression, in combination with the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4, to further abrogate the IL-1beta induced effects. The data presented demonstrate that IL-4 alone can inhibit nitrite release in the presence and absence of IL-1beta and partially reverse the IL-1beta induced PGE2 release. When provided in combination, IL-4 and dynamic compression could further abrogate the IL-1beta induced nitrite and PGE2 release. IL-1beta inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation and this effect could be reversed by IL-4 or dynamic strain alone or both in combination. By contrast, 35SO4 incorporation was not influenced by IL-4 and/or dynamic strain in IL-1beta stimulated constructs. IL-4 and mechanical loading may therefore provide a potential protective mechanism for cartilage destruction as observed in OA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Engineering, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK. T.T.Chowdhury@qmul.ac.uk
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Chowdhury
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bader
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D015847:Interleukin-4 / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D040542:Mechanotransduction, Cellular; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides / Q000378:metabolism; D013314:Stress, Mechanical
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D009589:Nitrogen Oxides; D015847:Interleukin-4; C039900:nitroxyl; D015232:Dinoprostone