title: The effects of self-administered alcohol-induced 'hangover' in a naturalistic setting on psychomotor and cognitive performance and subjective state.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine in as naturalistic a setting as possible whether having an alcohol-induced 'hangover' impairs psychomotor and cognitive performance.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 71 male and female social drinkers who were tested twice, once at baseline and once after exposure to the study condition. They were randomized into a control group who returned for testing on a prearranged date (n = 33), and a group who were instructed to make arrangements to return the day after a self-determined heavy drinking session (n = 38). Of the 'hangover' group, 13 participants still had a blood alcohol concentration of >1 mg/100 ml at the time of testing and these were analysed separately. All participants were students.
  
  
  METHODS
  Psychomotor performance was assessed by means of a battery of psychomotor tasks, rate of information processing was tested by the Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test (SCOLP) and subjective state was assessed by questionnaire measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All participants in the 'hangover' group reported subjective and physical symptoms of hangover on the second testing session. Performance was significantly impaired on the hits-key components of the vigilance task, was less accurate on the primary and secondary reaction time tasks and showed greater dispersion in range of ability for participants in the 'acute and hangover' compared to 'control'. Probe memory revealed no significant group effect. Ratings of subjective state revealed significant group differences for the variables 'ability to drive', 'concentrate' and 'react quickly' as well as 'tiredness'. There were no group differences for performance on the SCOLP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hangover had negative effects on self-reported subjective and physical state and subtle effects on performance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. ffi@gcal.ac.uk
authors.forename: Frances
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Finnigan
authors.forename: Daniela
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schulze
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Smallwood
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Helander
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000523:psychology; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000506:poisoning*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol