title: Ginsenoside Rf, a component of ginseng, regulates lipoprotein metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.
abstract: We investigated whether ginseng regulates lipoprotein metabolism by altering peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-mediated pathways, using a PPARalpha-null mouse model. Administration of ginseng extract, ginsenosides, and ginsenoside Rf (Rf) to wild-type mice not only significantly increased basal levels of hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and C-III mRNA compared with wild-type controls, but also substantially reversed the reductions in mRNA levels of apo A-I and C-III expected following treatment with the potent PPARalpha ligand Wy14,643. In contrast, no effect was detected in the PPARalpha-null mice. Testing of eight main ginsenosides on PPARalpha reporter gene expression indicated that Rf was responsible for the effects of ginseng on lipoprotein metabolism. Furthermore, the inhibition of PPARalpha-dependent transactivation by Rf seems to occur at the level of DNA binding. These results demonstrate that ginseng component Rf regulates apo A-I and C-III mRNA and the actions of Rf on lipoprotein metabolism are mediated via interactions with PPARalpha.
authors.affiliation: Department of Life Sciences, Mokwon University, Taejon 302-729, Republic of Korea.
authors.forename: Hyunghee
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Frank J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Michung
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yoon
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001056:Apolipoproteins C / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D047493:PPAR alpha / Q000819:agonists / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology; D011743:Pyrimidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D016632:Apolipoprotein A-I; D053305:Apolipoprotein C-III; D001056:Apolipoproteins C; D036145:Ginsenosides; D047493:PPAR alpha; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011743:Pyrimidines; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C006253:pirinixic acid; C055328:ginsenoside Rf