title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery under local anesthesia for right empyema secondary to aspiration pneumonia caused by esophageal achalasia: case report.
abstract: A 55-year-old man was admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine of our hospital with chief complaints of fever, cough, and right-sided chest pain. Plain radiography of the chest revealed widening of the mediastinum (attributed to esophageal achalasia), pneumonia, and right pleural effusion. According to the properties of the pleural fluid, empyema was diagnosed. Because the empyema was resistant to antibiotic treatment and was in the fibrinopurulent stage, it could not be drained effectively. Therefore, after treatment of the esophageal achalasia by balloon dilatation of the lower esophagus, the empyema was treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, i.e., by video-assisted thoracoscopic drainage and curettage of the empyema cavity, under local anesthesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shizuoka Municipal Shimizu Hospital, Japan. maitani@is.icc.u-tokai.ac.jp
authors.forename: Fumio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maitani
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local; D004653:Empyema / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011015:Pneumonia, Aspiration / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery / Q000379:methods*