title: Growth index, assessed with Ki-67 and ssDNA labeling; a significant prognosticator for patients undergoing curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aggressiveness and greater malignant potential of cancers are characterized by several biological phenomena such as accelerated growth invasiveness, and the ability to form distant metastasis. Thus, knowledge of such biological difference may be a more accurate prognosticator for cancer patients. Tumor growth depends on the degree of imbalance between cell production and loss. This study aimed to clarify a possible role for the modified prognosticator, growth index (GI); defined as the difference between Ki-67 (%) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (%) labeling indices, in patients undergoing curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Tissue specimens were obtained from 40 HCC patients who underwent curative surgery. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The GI in HCC ranged from -1.90% to 28.65%, median 3.73. GI was related to histologic grade, intrahepatic metastasis, and pathologic T stage. Cumulative survival was poorer in patients with higher GI (> or = median value). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that GI is an independent prognosticator along with vascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The higher GI values were significantly associated with histologic aggressive features of HCCs, and GI was a significant independent prognosticator in HCC patients after curative resection.
authors.affiliation: The Department of Surgery, Yokohama City Kowan Hospital, Yokohama, Japan. morinagas@kcch.jp
authors.forename: Soichiro
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morinaga
authors.forename: Naoki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ishiwa
authors.forename: Yoshikazu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Yuji
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Rino
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Imada
authors.forename: Yoshinori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Takanashi
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akaike
authors.forename: Yukio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sugimasa
authors.forename: Shoji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takemiya
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012372:ROC Curve; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D004277:DNA, Single-Stranded; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen