title: Effect of an antibacterial adhesive on the bond strength of three different luting resin composites.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Effect of a dentin adhesive system containing antibacterial monomer-MDPB (Clearfil Protect Bond) on the shear bond strength of all-ceramic-IPS Empress 2 restorations luted with three different dual-polymerizing systems (Variolink 2, RelyX ARC and Panavia F 2.0) to dentin was investigated.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and eight all-ceramic discs (2 x 3mm; IPS Empress 2) were fabricated and ultrasonically cleaned. The buccal surfaces of 108 non-carious extracted human premolars were flattened to expose dentin and subsequently polished with 600-grit wet silicon carbide paper. Three dual-polymerizing luting systems had test groups and control groups consisting of 18 samples each. For the test groups Clearfil Protect Bond was applied to the exposed dentin surfaces. Control groups received the original bonding procedures of each adhesive system. After the all-ceramic samples were luted to the teeth, thermocycling was performed 5000 times. Shear bond strengths were tested using Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine until failure. Analysis of fractured dentin surfaces were performed using Optical Microscope at x10 and x1000 magnifications and the images were analyzed with Image Analyzer. Data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test at a significance level of p<0.05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean shear bond strength data of the groups in MPa were; Variolink: 20.45+/-4.75, Variolink+Clearfil Protect Bond:29.32+/-2.37, RelyX ARC:18.82+/-3.19, RelyX ARC+Clearfil Protect Bond:25.58+/-4.05, Panavia F 2.0:17.11+/-2.98, Panavia F 2.0+Clearfil Protect Bond:24.40+/-7.46. Application of the antibacterial adhesive increased the shear bond strengths of all three dual-polymerizing systems to dentin (p=0.00). The surface analysis showed that most of the specimens showed the adhesive failure mode between the dentin and the composite luting agent interface.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The antibacterial adhesive system Clearfil Protect Bond can be safely used to prevent the potential risk of complications resulting from bacterial activity regardless of affecting the bond strength of IPS Empress 2 restorations luted with the dual-polimerizing systems used in this study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Ege University, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey. eb_cal@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Ebru
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cal
authors.forename: L Sebnem
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Türkün
authors.forename: Murat
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Türkün
authors.forename: Muhittin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Toman
authors.forename: Suna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toksavul
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate / Q000737:chemistry; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000737:chemistry*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis / Q000295:instrumentation; D003804:Dentin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D018020:Lithium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D008422:Materials Testing; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000737:chemistry; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D019279:Resin Cements / Q000737:chemistry*; D033081:Shear Strength; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; C503075:Clearfil Protect Bond; D003188:Composite Resins; D017220:Dentin-Bonding Agents; C118557:Empress 2; D018020:Lithium Compounds; C438843:Panavia-Fluoro; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D011726:Pyridinium Compounds; C462240:RelyX ARC; D019279:Resin Cements; C089392:methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide; D003776:Dental Porcelain; C103502:Variolink; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate