title: Down-regulation of the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation of the hepatitis C virus: critical role of binding of the stem-loop IIId domain of IRES and the viral core protein.
abstract: In a previous study, we observed that hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein specifically inhibits translation initiated by an HCV internal ribosome entry site (IRES). To investigate the mechanism by which down-regulation of HCV translation occurs, a series of mutations were introduced into the IRES element, as well as the core protein, and their effect on IRES activity examined in this study. We found that expression of the core protein inhibits HCV translation possibly by binding to a stem-loop IIId domain, particularly a GGG triplet within the hairpin loop structure of the domain, within the IRES. Basic-residue clusters located at the N-terminus of the core protein have an inhibitory effect on HCV translation, and at least one of three known clusters is required for inhibition. We propose a model in which competitive binding of the core protein for the IRES and 40S ribosomal subunit regulates HCV translation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan. shimoike@nih.go,jp
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimoike
authors.forename: Chika
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Koyama
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Ryosuke
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshiharu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Matsuura
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Miyamura
authors.forename: Tetsuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions / Q000737:chemistry; D001483:Base Sequence; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D015536:Down-Regulation; D015967:Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; D016174:Hepacivirus / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D009690:Nucleic Acid Conformation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000378:metabolism; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014758:Viral Core Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D020121:5' Untranslated Regions; D012367:RNA, Viral; D014758:Viral Core Proteins; C069130:nucleocapsid protein, Hepatitis C virus