title: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha in the transcriptional regulation of the human uncoupling protein 2 gene in INS-1E cells.
abstract: A role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) as negative modulator of insulin secretion has been suggested, but the transcriptional pathways regulating beta-cell UCP2 gene expression have been established in rodents only. We show here that the underlying sequence motifs are not conserved in the human gene and provide evidence for regulatory mechanisms involving the transcriptional cofactor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha). PGC-1alpha potentiates thyroid hormone (T(3))-mediated transcriptional activation of the human UCP2 gene in INS-1E cells. Two thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) located at -322/-317 (TRE1) and -170/-165 (TRE2) were identified, and mutation of either TRE1 or TRE2 abrogated the stimulatory effect of T(3) treatment. Furthermore, two E-box motifs at -911/-906 (E1) and -743/-738 (E2) are involved in the regulation of UCP2 gene expression by sterol regulatory element binding protein isoforms (SREBP)-1a, -1c, and -2. Mutational analysis revealed that the presence of either E1 or E2 is sufficient to mediate activation of UCP2 gene transcription by nuclear active SREBPs. PGC-1alpha coactivates liver X receptor-mediated expression of SREBP-1c as well as dexamethasone-stimulated SREBP-2 expression in INS-1E cells. These transcriptional responses are antagonized by orphan nuclear receptor short heterodimer partner overexpression, which might explain its positive effects on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in beta-cells overexpressing UCP2. We also provide evidence that despite a lack of sequence homology within the regulatory region, the principal mechanisms regulating UCP2 gene expression are similar in rats and humans, being consistent with a role for UCP2 as a modulator of insulin secretion in humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Landeskliniken and Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Austria. h.oberkofler@salk.at
authors.forename: Hannes
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Oberkofler
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Thomas K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Felder
authors.forename: Franz
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krempler
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Patsch
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000235:genetics*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000378:metabolism; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2
chemical_list: D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; D007328:Insulin; D007473:Ion Channels; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; C486497:PPARGC1A protein, human; D000071248:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha; D014157:Transcription Factors; C000604389:UCP2 protein, human; C000604391:Ucp2 protein, rat; D000071246:Uncoupling Protein 2; D014284:Triiodothyronine