title: Pleistocene to recent dietary shifts in California condors.
abstract: We used carbon and nitrogen isotopes to investigate changes in the diet of California condors from the Pleistocene to the recent. During the Pleistocene, condors from California fed on both terrestrial megafauna and marine mammals. Early accounts reported condors feeding on the carcasses of marine mammals, but by the late 1700s, condor diets had shifted predominantly to terrestrial animals, following the commercial harvesting of marine mammals and the development of cattle ranching on land. At present, dairy calves provided by humans significantly augment condor diet, constituting an artificial support of the current population. Reestablishing a marine mammal component in the condor diet may be an effective strategy for fostering viable condor populations independent of direct human subsidies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Geological and Environmental Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2115, USA. chamb@pangea.stanford.edu
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Waldbauer
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fox-Dobbs
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Newsome
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Church
authors.forename: S D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Chamberlain
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Sorenson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Risebrough
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D004032:Diet; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D020304:Raptors
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes