title: Modulation of surgical fibrosis by microbial zwitterionic polysaccharides.
abstract: Bacterial carbohydrates have long been considered T cell-independent antigens that primarily induce humoral immune responses. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacterial capsules that possess a zwitterionic charge motif can activate CD4(+) T cells after processing and presentation by antigen-presenting cells. Here we show that these zwitterionic polysaccharides can prevent T helper 1-mediated fibrosis by signaling for the release of IL-10 from CD4(+) T cells in vivo. IL-10 production by these T cells and their ability to prevent fibrosis is controlled by the inducible costimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand pathway. These data demonstrate that the interaction of the zwitterionic polysaccharides with T cells results in modulation of surgical fibrosis in vivo and suggest a previously undescribed approach to "harnessing" T cell function to prevent inflammatory tissue disorders in humans.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Begonia
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ruiz-Perez
authors.forename: Doo R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: Arlene H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Sharpe
authors.forename: Hideo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagita
authors.forename: Wiltrud M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Kalka-Moll
authors.forename: Mohamed H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Sayegh
authors.forename: Dennis L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Kasper
authors.forename: Arthur O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Tzianabos
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005355:Fibrosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011183:Postoperative Complications
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides