title: Oxidative stress in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different disease courses of multiple sclerosis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of oxidative stress in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To investigate oxidative stress in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with different disease courses of MS.
  
  
  METHODS
  Diene conjugate (DC) levels (a measure of lipid peroxidation), total antioxidative activity (AOA) and total antiradical activity (ARA) were measured in serum and peripheral blood leukocytes from 30 patients with benign relapsing remitting MS (BMS), 27 with secondary progressive MS (SPMS), 29 with primary progressive MS (PPMS), and 30 healthy controls. All MS patients were in a clinically stable phase.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum DC levels were elevated in patients with BMS (p <0.05), SPMS (p <0.01) and PPMS (p <0.001). Serum total AOA and ARA were not different between MS patients and controls. Compared to controls, leukocyte DC levels were not different in each MS subgroup, but total ARA was elevated. There was a strong correlation, both in controls and MS patients, between leukocyte DC levels and leukocyte total ARA (p <0.0001) and leukocyte total AOA (p <0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Oxidative stress occurs in progressive as well as benign MS. The finding that cells withstand oxidative stress, due to upregulated cellular antioxidant defence mechanisms, suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in MS is not necessarily deleterious.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands. m.w.koch@neuro.umcg.nl
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Geeta S M
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Ramsaransing
authors.forename: Alexander V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Arutjunyan
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stepanov
authors.forename: Albert
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Teelken
authors.forename: Dorothea J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Heersema
authors.forename: Jacques
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: De Keyser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000097:blood; D007372:Interferons / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D007372:Interferons; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide