title: Juvenile conduct disorder as a risk factor for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder.
abstract: Juvenile conduct disorder (CD) is a well-documented risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines the mechanisms underlying this relationship by using data from 3,315 twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Results indicate the number of conduct disorder symptoms increased risk of trauma exposure and PTSD in a dose-response fashion. This increased risk was mediated in part by the positive association between CD and lifestyle factors and was not due to confounding by shared genetic or familial vulnerability. The findings suggest CD increases risk for trauma exposure and PTSD among male veterans through direct and indirect mechanisms. Veterans who have a history of CD are at high risk for trauma exposure and development of PTSD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Society, Human Development, and Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. kkoenen@hsph.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Karestan C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Koenen
authors.forename: Qiang John
authors.initials: QJ
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: Rosemary
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Toomey
authors.forename: Jack
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: Seth A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Eisen
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: True
authors.forename: Ming
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsuang
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D015331:Cohort Studies; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012042:Registries / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012307:Risk Factors; D013313:Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics; D014728:Veterans / Q000523:psychology*; D047829:Vietnam Conflict; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000523:psychology*