title: Heat stability of maize endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is enhanced by insertion of a cysteine in the N terminus of the small subunit.
abstract: ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis. However, plant AGPases differ in several parameters, including spatial and temporal expression, allosteric regulation, and heat stability. AGPases of cereal endosperms are heat labile, while those in other tissues, such as the potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber, are heat stable. Sequence comparisons of heat-stable and heat-labile AGPases identified an N-terminal motif unique to heat-stable enzymes. Insertion of this motif into recombinant maize (Zea mays) endosperm AGPase increased the half-life at 58 degrees C more than 70-fold. Km values for physiological substrates were unaffected, although Kcat was doubled. A cysteine within the inserted motif gives rise to small subunit homodimers not found in the wild-type maize enzyme. Placement of this N-terminal motif into a mosaic small subunit containing the N terminus from maize endosperm and the C terminus from potato tuber AGPase increases heat stability more than 300-fold.
authors.affiliation: Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology and Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0245, USA.
authors.forename: Carla R Lyerly
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Linebarger
authors.forename: Susan K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Boehlein
authors.forename: Aileen K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sewell
authors.forename: Janine
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: L Curtis
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Hannah
mesh_terms: D020816:Amino Acid Motifs; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D003545:Cysteine / Q000737:chemistry; D004795:Enzyme Stability; D051599:Glucose-1-Phosphate Adenylyltransferase / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006358:Hot Temperature; D007700:Kinetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D016297:Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D020836:Protein Structure, Quaternary; D021122:Protein Subunits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003313:Zea mays / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D021122:Protein Subunits; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D051599:Glucose-1-Phosphate Adenylyltransferase; D003545:Cysteine