Childhood leukaemia, polymorphisms of metabolism enzyme genes, and interactions with maternal tobacco, coffee and alcohol consumption during pregnancy.
Metabolic polymorphisms may influence the risk of childhood leukaemia related to maternal tobacco, coffee or alcohol consumption. The data were extracted from a case-control study including 280 cases of acute leukaemia and 288 controls. Blood sampling was obtained for a representative subset of 219 cases and 105 controls. Gene-environment interactions were estimated using both case-control and case-only analyses. The polymorphisms of CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1 and NQO1 were not associated with the risk of leukaemia. The slow EPHX1 allele was negatively associated with childhood leukaemia while an inverse non-significant association was observed with the fast EPHX1 allele. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was not related to leukaemia, but an interaction was observed in the case-only analysis with CYP1A1*2A variant allele (odds ratio (OR) 2.2 [1.0-4.9]) and with GSTM1 deletion (OR 2.3 [1.2-4.4]). Conversely, coffee drinking interacted negatively with NQO1 polymorphism in the case-only analysis (OR 0.6 [0.3-1.2] and 0.4 [0.1-1.0] for light and heavy coffee consumptions, respectively). This study suggests that maternal smoking may be a risk factor for leukaemia in children who carry CYP1A1 or GSTM1 genotypes, which might increase reactive metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Clavel
Jacqueline
J
French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM, U170, IFR69, Université Paris-Sud, F-94807 Villejuif, France. clavel@vjf.inserm.fr
Bellec
Stéphanie
S
Rebouissou
Sandra
S
Ménégaux
Florence
F
Feunteun
Jean
J
Bonaïti-Pellié
Catherine
C
Baruchel
André
A
Kebaili
Kamila
K
Lambilliotte
Anne
A
Leverger
Guy
G
Sommelet
Danièle
D
Lescoeur
Brigitte
B
Beaune
Philippe
P
Hémon
Denis
D
Loriot
Marie-Anne
MA
D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007938:Leukemia / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D016017:Odds Ratio; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
D003069:Coffee; D019363:Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; D005982:Glutathione Transferase