title: Quality, innovation, and value for money: NICE and the British National Health Service.
abstract: The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) was established as a part of the British National Health Service in 1999 to set standards for the adoption of new health care technologies and the management of specific conditions. In doing so it was required explicitly to take into account both clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. This article describes how NICE has responded to the challenge and considers whether its experience of balancing quality, innovation, and value for money holds policy lessons for the United States.
authors.affiliation: National Institute for Clinical Excellence, London, England. spearson99@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Pearson
authors.forename: Michael D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Rawlins
mesh_terms: D000047:Academies and Institutes; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004059:Diffusion of Innovation; D004341:Drug Evaluation / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D011057:Politics; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000191:economics / Q000458:organization & administration*; D019057:Quality-Adjusted Life Years; D013222:State Medicine / Q000458:organization & administration*; D013673:Technology Assessment, Biomedical / Q000379:methods / Q000458:organization & administration*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D006113:United Kingdom