title: The potential of ecotoxicoproteomics in environmental monitoring: biomarker profiling in mussel plasma using ProteinChip array technology.
abstract: New global technologies, allowing simultaneous analysis of thousands of genes, proteins, and metabolites (so-called "omics" technologies), are being adopted rapidly by industry, academia, and regulatory agencies. This study evaluated the potential of proteomics in ecotoxicological research (i.e., ecotoxicoproteomics). Filter-feeding mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed continuously for 3 wk to oil, or oil spiked with alkylphenols and extra polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The influence of chronic exposure on mussel plasma protein expression was investigated utilizing ProteinChip array technology in combination with surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI TOF MS). Results indicated that exposure to spiked oil had a more significant effect on protein expression in mussels than oil alone. In total, 83 mass peaks (intact or modified proteins/peptides) were significantly altered by spiked oil, while 49 were altered by oil. In exposed organisms, the majority of peaks were upregulated compared to controls (i.e., 69% in oil and 71% in spiked oil). Some peaks (32 in total) were affected by both treatments; however, the degree of response was higher in the spiked oil group for 25 of the 32 commonly affected features. Additionally, certain peaks revealed exposure- or gender-specific responses. Multivariate analysis with regression tree-based methods detected protein patterns associated with exposure that correctly classified masked samples with 90-95% accuracy. Similarly, 92% of females and 85% of males were correctly classified (independent of exposure). Results indicate that proteomics have the potential to make a valuable contribution to environmental monitoring and risk assessment.
authors.affiliation: RF-Akvamiljø, Randaberg, Norway. anne.bjornstad@rf.no
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bjørnstad
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Larsen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Skadsheim
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: O K
authors.initials: OK
authors.lastname: Andersen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D049880:Mytilus edulis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D010636:Phenols / Q000633:toxicity*; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons / Q000633:toxicity*; D040081:Protein Array Analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D043922:Toxicogenetics; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D010578:Petroleum; D010636:Phenols; D011084:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; D011506:Proteins; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical