title: Excitation beyond the monochromatic laser limit: simultaneous 3-D confocal and multiphoton microscopy with a tapered fiber as white-light laser source.
abstract: Confocal and multiphoton microscopy are essential tools in modern life sciences. They allow fast and highly resolved imaging of a steadily growing number of fluorescent markers, ranging from fluorescent proteins to quantum dots and other fluorophores, used for the localization of molecules and the quantitative detection of molecular properties within living cells and organisms. Up to now, only one physical limitation seemed to be unavoidable. Both confocal and multiphoton microscopy rely on lasers as excitation sources, and their monochromatic radiation allows only a limited number of simultaneously usable dyes, which depends on the specific number of laser lines available in the used microscope. We have overcome this limitation by successfully replacing all excitation lasers in a standard confocal microscope with pulsed white light ranging from 430 to 1300 nm generated in a tapered silica fiber. With this easily reproducible method, simultaneous confocal and multiphoton microscopy was demonstrated. By developing a coherent and intense laser source with spectral width comparable to a mercury lamp, we provide the flexibility to excite any desired fluorophore combination.
authors.affiliation: Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Linnéstrasse 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. tobetz@physik.uni-leipzig.de
authors.forename: Timo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Betz
authors.forename: Jörn
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teipel
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Härtig
authors.forename: Jochen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guck
authors.forename: Josef
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Käs
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Giessen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000295:instrumentation*; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007834:Lasers; D051379:Mice; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity