title: The effect of foot orthoses in rheumatoid arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the effectiveness of foot orthoses using the foot function index (FFI) in a group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) during a period of 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six rheumatoid subjects with foot pain were examined and appropriate foot orthoses were prescribed according to each patient's needs. All the patients were evaluated 30, 90 and 180 days after the baseline visit. FFI values, daily time of wearing the orthoses and adverse effects were noted at each appointment. The Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) was used at the initial visit to evaluate the influence of physical condition on FFI response.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With the use of foot orthoses, FFI values decreased in all subscales (pain, disability and activity limitation). This reduction was noted in the first month and was maintained throughout the trial. Those using EVA (ethyl-vinyl acetate; n = 28) orthoses presented results similar to those for the total group. Patients wearing made-to-measure orthoses (n = 8) exhibited higher initial FFI values and worse evolution during the trial, significant for pain and disability but not for activity limitation. Minor adverse reactions were noted; none required interruption of treatment. There was no relation between HAQ and FFI evolution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Foot orthoses were effective as an adjuvant in the management of rheumatoid foot. They significantly reduced pain, disability and activity limitation, as measured by the FFI, with minor adverse effects.
authors.affiliation: Disciplina de Reumatologia, Departamento de Clínica Médica, FCM/UNICAMP, Campinas (SP), Postal 6111-CEP 13083-970, Brazil. epmagalhaes@uol.com.br
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: de P Magalhães
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davitt
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Filho
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Battistella
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Bértolo
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D005528:Foot / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005531:Foot Deformities, Acquired / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005534:Foot Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D037061:Metatarsalgia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D008875:Middle Aged; D009989:Orthotic Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000534:rehabilitation; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome