title: Ethnicity, culture, and sexual aggression: risk and protective factors.
abstract: Explanatory models of sexual aggression were examined among mainland Asian American (n=222), Hawaiian Asian American (n=127), and European American men (n=399). The Malamuth et al. (N. M. Malamuth, D. Linz, C. L. Heavey, G. Barnes, & M. Acker, 1995; N. M. Malamuth, R. J. Sockloskie, M. P. Koss, & J. S. Tanaka, 1991) confluence model of sexual aggression, which posits impersonal sex and hostile masculinity as paths to sexual aggression, was consistently supported. Culture-specific moderators of sexual aggression were also identified. Whereas loss of face was a protective factor against sexual aggression in the Asian American samples, it generally was not a protective factor among European Americans. These findings are not a function of actual or perceived minority status. An implication is that theoretical models may need to be augmented with cultural constructs for optimal application in certain ethnic group contexts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Gordon C Nagayama
authors.initials: GCN
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Andra L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Teten
authors.affiliation: Oregon Social Learning Center.
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: DeGarmo
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Stanley
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sue
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology.
authors.forename: Kari A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Stephens
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology*; D001213:Asian / Q000523:psychology*; D035841:Behavioral Research; D002648:Child; D002650:Child Abuse, Sexual / Q000208:ethnology; D003068:Coercion; D003469:Culture; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008913:Minority Groups / Q000523:psychology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D011593:Psychology, Social; D012307:Risk Factors; D012742:Sex Offenses / Q000208:ethnology*; D012945:Social Values / Q000208:ethnology; D012962:Sociology, Medical; D013179:Spouse Abuse / Q000208:ethnology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014481:United States; D044465:White People / Q000523:psychology*