title: Overview of issues pertaining to the manufacture, distribution, and use of antimicrobials in animals and other information relevant to animal antimicrobial use data collection in the United States.
abstract: This paper provides condensed literature review and contextual information concerning antimicrobial use in animals and antimicrobial use data collection techniques. Information is summarized into the following topics: (I) antimicrobial use for animal growth promotion; (II) regulatory framework for approval of veterinary antimicrobials and feed additives in the United States; (III) animal health product manufacturing and distribution networks; (IV) existing estimates of animal antimicrobial use in the United States; (V) additional sources for animal use data in the United States; (VI) recommendations from international expert groups; (VII) animal antimicrobial use surveillance systems in other nations and (VIII) human use data collection systems in the United States.
authors.affiliation: Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. sdvdvm@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Viola
authors.forename: Stephen J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: DeVincent
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005503:Food Additives; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D019155:Veterinary Drugs