title: Trends in sedation practices in Danish intensive care units in 2003: a national survey.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to explore trends and changes in sedation practices for mechanically ventilated patients in Danish intensive care units (ICUs) and to compare sedation practices in 1997 and 2003.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study was a follow-up survey with a descriptive and comparative cross-sectional multicenter design.
  
  
  METHODS
  Questionnaires were mailed in January 2003 to all Danish ICUs providing mechanical ventilation (n=48).
  
  
  METHODS
  One head physician at each ICU in Denmark. INTERVENTIONS, MEASUREMENTS, AND RESULTS: Thirty-nine questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 81%, representing 82% of Danish ICU beds. The main findings were a significant increase in the use of sedation scoring systems and a significant reduction of sedation and analgesia in relation to various modalities of mechanical ventilation and disease groups. Other important findings were a significant reduction in the use of benzodiazepines and opioids and a significant increase in the use of propofol in relation to all ventilator modes. The administration routes of sedative agents remained unchanged.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sedatives and analgesics are still widely used in Danish ICUs. The trend is toward lighter sedation along with a shift from benzodiazepines toward propofol and from morphine toward fentanyl given by continuous infusion. More attention needs to be directed toward sedation standards and scoring systems in order to reduce the risk associated with sedation in mechanically ventilated patients.
authors.affiliation: The University Hospitals Centre for Nursing and Care Research (UCSF), Rigshospitalet, Department 7331, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark. ie@ucsf.dk
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Egerod
authors.forename: Birgitte V
authors.initials: BV
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: Lena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Johansen
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D016292:Procedural Sedation; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark; D004363:Drug Utilization; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives