title: EGF-receptor targeted liposomes with boronated acridine: growth inhibition of cultured glioma cells after neutron irradiation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study survival of cultured U-343MGaCl 2:6 glioma cells after incubation with boron-containing liposomes targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor following neutron irradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Epidermal growth factor-tagged liposomes were loaded with water-soluble boronated acridine developed for boron neutron capture therapy, (BNCT). Cellular uptake and distribution were studied. Further, cells were placed at 3 cm depth in a phantom and exposed to an epithermal neutron beam to study clonogenic cell survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The cellular uptake of boron reached 90 ppm and it was determined by subcellular fractionation that most of the cell-associated boron was located outside of the nucleus. For clonogenic survival, the cells were incubated with epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted liposomes for 4 hours resulting in a cellular concentration of 55 ppm boron (11 ppm 10B). At a fluence of 3 x 10(12) neutrons/cm2 the cell killing effect of the boron-containing epidermal growth factor-liposomes was about ten times higher than for neutrons only. Furthermore, theoretical calculation of the survival by enriched compound (55 ppm 10B), using the parameters from non-enriched compound (11 ppm 10B), shows that the killing effect in this case would be approximately five orders of magnitude higher than for neutrons only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results in this study show that epidermal growth factor-receptor targeted liposomes are suitable as tumor-cell delivery agents of boron for BNCT and support further studies to demonstrate their effectiveness in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Oncology, Radiology and Clinical Immunology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Erika Bohl
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Kullberg
authors.forename: Qichun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Jacek
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Capala
authors.forename: Valerio
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Giusti
authors.forename: Per-Uno
authors.initials: PU
authors.lastname: Malmström
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gedda
mesh_terms: D016754:Boron Neutron Capture Therapy; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002470:Cell Survival; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects*; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D008081:Liposomes; D009502:Neutrons; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured
chemical_list: D008081:Liposomes; D066246:ErbB Receptors