title: Pomegranate juice supplementation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a 5-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of antioxidant polyphenol-rich pomegranate juice (PJ) supplementation for 5 weeks on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), since the oxidative stress plays a major role in the evolution and pathophysiology of COPD.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 30 patients with stable COPD were randomly distributed in two groups (15 patients each).
  
  
  METHODS
  Both groups consumed either 400 ml PJ daily or matched placebo (synthetic orange-flavoured drink) for 5 weeks. Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) of PJ, blood parameters (14 haematological and 18 serobiochemical), respiratory function variables, bioavailability of PJ polyphenols (plasma and urine) and urinary isoprostane (8-iso-PGF(2alpha)) were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The daily dose of PJ (containing 2.66 g polyphenols) provided 4 mmol/l TEAC. None of the polyphenols present in PJ were detected in plasma or in urine of volunteers. The most abundant PJ polyphenols, ellagitannins, were metabolized by the colonic microflora of COPD patients to yield two major metabolites in both plasma and urine (dibenzopyranone derivatives) with no TEAC. No differences were found (P > 0.05) between PJ and placebo groups for any of the parameters evaluated (serobiochemical and haematological), urinary 8-iso-PGF(2alpha), respiratory function variables and clinical symptoms of COPD patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest that PJ supplementation adds no benefit to the current standard therapy in patients with stable COPD. The high TEAC of PJ cannot be extrapolated in vivo probably due to the metabolism of its polyphenols by the colonic microflora. The understanding of the different bioavailability of dietary polyphenols is critical before claiming any antioxidant-related health benefit.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  'Fundación Séneca' (Murcia, Spain), Project PB/18/FS/02 and Spanish CICYT, Project AGL2003-02195.
authors.affiliation: Department of Food Science and Technology, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Cerdá
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Soto
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Albaladejo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Martínez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Gascón
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tomás-Barberán
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Espín
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000378:metabolism; D001628:Beverages; D001682:Biological Availability; D003106:Colon / Q000382:microbiology; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005285:Fermentation; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins / Q000378:metabolism; D029561:Lythraceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D059808:Polyphenols; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000628:therapy*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D047348:Hydrolyzable Tannins; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; C013515:ellagitannin