title: Antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolates collected from 4 centers in Brazil (1990-2003).
abstract: Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for 174 Haemophilus influenzae strains collected from patients with infection before and after vaccination against Hib (1990-1999 and 2000-2003, respectively) from 4 public health -laboratories in 3 Brazilian states. All strains were characterized for serotype and beta-lactamase production and in vitro activity of the following antimicrobial agents: -ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ceftriaxone, rifampin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Overall, ampicillin resistance was observed in 29 strains (17%), all beta-lactamase producers. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin/clavulanate and ceftriaxone. The prevalence of TMP-SMX-resistant isolates increased from 32.6% in the period 1990-1999 to 65.8% during the period 2000-2003. Among these isolates, 10.0% and 12.5% were resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, respectively. Resistance to rifampin was detected in 8.2% and 9.7% of the strains, in 2 periods, respectively. Continued surveillance is necessary to monitor trends with the H. influenzae disease in Brazil.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Microbiologia/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Instituto Nacional de Controle da Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, RJ, Brazil. eugenio@incqs.fiocruz.br
authors.forename: Antonio Eugenio Castro Cardoso
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: de Almeida
authors.forename: Ivano
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: de Filippis
authors.forename: Diana Guedes
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Alessandra Oliveira
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: de Abreu
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rebelo
authors.forename: André Luis
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Gemal
authors.forename: Keyla Belízia Feldman
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Marzochi
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000453:epidemiology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001618:beta-Lactamases