D-dimer, oral anticoagulation, and venous thromboembolism recurrence.
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) requires prolonged treatment to prevent late recurrences. However, the optimal duration of vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy is still controversial. More recently, D-dimer (D-d) has emerged as a predictive factor for recurrences. D-d has been evaluated both during and after VKA treatment. Some patients with DVT of the lower limbs have persistently high D-d during anticoagulation and this could reflect insufficient anticoagulation despite apparently adequate antithrombotic treatment. Altered D-d during anticoagulation is more frequent in patients with idiopathic or cancer-associated VTE than in those with secondary VTE. In subjects with an unprovoked VTE event, the time spent at near normal international normalization ratio (INR) values (< 1.5) during the first 3 months of treatment is associated with higher D-d during and after VKA treatment and with a higher risk for late recurrences. Moreover, the combination of altered D-d and inherited thrombophilia, and not residual venous obstruction, is associated with a significantly higher hazard ratio for recurrence. Preliminary results of a management study, the PROLONG study, indicate that subjects with normal D-d at 1 month after VKA withdrawal have a low risk of recurrence, and those with altered D-d have a significantly higher risk and deserve prolonged treatment.
Cosmi
Benilde
B
Department of Angiology and Blood Coagulation "Marino Golinelli," S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
Palareti
Gualtiero
G
D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D055502:Secondary Prevention; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy
D000925:Anticoagulants; D005338:Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products