title: Treatment of Candida glabrata infection in immunosuppressed mice by using a combination of liposomal amphotericin B with caspofungin or micafungin.
abstract: While Candida albicans remains the most common Candida isolate, Candida glabrata accounts for approximately 15 to 20% of all Candida infections in the United States. In this study we used immunosuppressed mice infected with C. glabrata to investigate the efficacy of liposomal amphotericin B alone or in combination with the echinocandin caspofungin or micafungin. For monotherapy, mice were given six daily doses of liposomal amphotericin B (3 to 20 mg/kg of body weight), caspofungin (1 to 5 mg/kg), or micafungin (2.5 to 10 mg/kg). With concomitant therapy, mice received liposomal amphotericin B (7.5 mg/kg) in addition to caspofungin (2.5 mg/kg) or micafungin (2.5 mg/kg) for 6 days. For sequential therapy, liposomal amphotericin B was administered on days 1 to 3 and caspofungin or micafungin was given on days 4 to 6; conversely, caspofungin or micafungin was administered on days 1 to 3 and liposomal amphotericin B was given on days 4 to 6. Efficacy was based on the number of CFU per gram of kidney 21 days postchallenge. Monotherapy with liposomal amphotericin B (7.5 to 20 mg/kg) was significantly more effective than no drug treatment (control group) (P < 0.05) and demonstrated a dose-dependent response, with 20 mg/kg lowering the CFU/g from 6.3 to 4.2 (significantly different from the value for the control group [P < 0.001]). Monotherapy with all echinocandin doses lowered the CFU/g from 6.0 to 6.4 to 2.7 to 3.3 (significantly different from the value for the control group [P < 0.001]) with no dose-dependent response. Complete clearance of infection could be achieved only when liposomal amphotericin B was given either concomitantly with caspofungin or micafungin or if liposomal amphotericin B was given sequentially with caspofungin. In conclusion, the combination of liposomal amphotericin B with an echinocandin markedly improved the therapeutic outcome in murine C. glabrata systemic infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, 3801 West Temple Ave., Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
authors.forename: Jon A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Olson
authors.forename: Jill P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Adler-Moore
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Proffitt
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002175:Candida / Q000187:drug effects / Q000472:pathogenicity; D002177:Candidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D000077336:Caspofungin; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D054714:Echinocandins; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008081:Liposomes; D000077551:Micafungin; D051379:Mice; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents; D054714:Echinocandins; D055666:Lipopeptides; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008081:Liposomes; D010456:Peptides, Cyclic; C068538:liposomal amphotericin B; D000666:Amphotericin B; D000077336:Caspofungin; D000077551:Micafungin