title: Analysis of needle versus open biopsy for the diagnosis of advanced stage pediatric neuroblastoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Adequate tissue biopsy is necessary for the appropriate diagnosis and risk stratification of pediatric neuroblastoma (NB). We compared the quality and adequacy of biopsy tissue and complication rates in children with NB who underwent open (OBX) and image-guided needle biopsy (NBX) at our center.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with stage III and IV NB from September 2001 to August 2004. The 24 patients were divided into two groups: those in whom the diagnosis was initiated using NBX, and those diagnosed using OBX. In addition to demographic data, we collected data pertaining to sufficiency of biopsy tissue for biology studies including: Shimada Classification, MYC-N amplification, and DNA index analysis and complications associated with the procedure. Chi-Square and Student's t-test were used to analyze the categorical and continuous variables, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 24 patients, 11 underwent NBX, and 13 patients underwent OBX. Eighteen patients had stage IV disease, 5 patients had stage III disease, and 1 stage IVS. Ten major complications occurred in four NBX patients and six OBX patients. There was no difference in days of narcotic use, time to DAT, or hospital stay between the two groups. Ten patients (seven NBX and three OBX, P = 0.045) had tissue that was insufficient for biology studies. Three of the seven NBX patients underwent a second biopsy for clarification of risk group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study demonstrated that more than half of patients undergoing NBX for NB had insufficient tissue for complete histological and molecular classification and that the incidence of procedural complications between NBX and OBX are similar.
authors.affiliation: Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Ashesh
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chait
authors.forename: Meredith S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Irwin
authors.forename: J Ted
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Gerstle
mesh_terms: D001706:Biopsy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies