title: Vibration enhances interleukin-8 release in a cell model of snoring-induced airway inflammation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To test a cell model of snoring-induced airway inflammation and to assess whether a vibration stimulus simulating the one experienced by airway tissues in snoring patients induces inflammation in airway epithelial cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Prospective controlled study in cell culture.
  
  
  METHODS
  University laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cell line).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell cultures were subjected to vibration (60 Hz, +/- 0.3 mm) for time periods of 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours. The vibratory stimulus was applied with and without treatment with inhibitors of the 3 main pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): p38, MEK1/2, and JNK.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The effect of vibration was assessed by comparing cell proliferation and release of interleukin-8 (IL-8; measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in cells subjected to the vibratory stimulus (both when treated and untreated with MAPK inhibitors) and in controls. Application of vibration up to 24 hours did not significantly modify cell proliferation. By contrast, the concentration of IL-8 in the supernatant was significantly increased after 12 hours and 24 hours of vibration. The inhibition of the p38, MEK1/2, and JNK MAPK pathways significantly reduced the overexpression of IL-8 resulting from the vibration stimulus.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A mechanical vibration simulating snoring triggered an inflammatory cascade, as reflected by the increase in IL-8 release mediated by MAPK pathways. The novel model developed is potentially applicable to studying the effects of the vibration due to snoring in the different cell types (epithelial, endothelial, muscular, neuronal) involved in airway pathophysiology during respiratory sleep disturbances.
authors.affiliation: Unitat de Biofisica i Bioenginyeria, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Spain.
authors.forename: Ferranda
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Puig
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Rico
authors.forename: Isaac
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Almendros
authors.forename: Josep M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Montserrat
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Navajas
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Farre
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D001980:Bronchi / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D012913:Snoring / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014732:Vibration
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016209:Interleukin-8