title: Combination bcl-2 antisense and radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A wide variety of tumors depend on the dysregulation of Bcl-2 family proteins for survival. The resulting apoptotic block can often provide a mechanism for resistance to anticancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation. This current study evaluates the efficacy of combining systemically delivered Bcl-2 phosphorothioate antisense (Bcl-2 ASO) and radiation for nasopharyngeal cancer therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Antisense uptake was unaffected by 0, 3, or 6 Gy radiation. Radiation decreased the fraction of viable C666-1 cells to 60%, with a further decrease to 40% in combination with Bcl-2 ASO. Despite a modest in vitro effect, Bcl-2 ASO alone caused the regression of established xenograft tumors in mice, extending survival by 15 days in a C666-1 and by 6 days in a C15 model. The survival times for mice treated with both Bcl-2 ASO and radiation increased by 52 days in C666-1 and by 20 days in C15 tumors. This combination resulted in a more-than-additive effect in C666-1 tumors. Less impressive gains observed in C15 tumors might be attributable to higher expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins and limited drug distribution in the tumor. Retreatment of C666-1 tumors with the Bcl-2 ASO-radiation combination, however, was effective, resulting in mice surviving for >80 days relative to untreated controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that the Bcl-2 ASO and radiation combination is a highly potent therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer. Further examination of combination therapy with radiation and other Bcl-2 family-targeted anticancer agents in both preclinical and clinical settings is definitely warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Applied Molecular Oncology, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Canada.
authors.forename: Kenneth W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Yip
authors.forename: Joseph D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Mocanu
authors.forename: P Y Billie
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Gillian T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Sleep
authors.forename: Dolly
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Busson
authors.forename: Wen-Chen
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Yeh
authors.forename: Ralph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gilbert
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: O'Sullivan
authors.forename: Patrick
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gullane
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bastianutto
authors.forename: Fei-Fei
authors.initials: FF
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000528:radiation effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate / Q000737:chemistry / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D016513:Mice, SCID; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense / Q000235:genetics / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D011839:Radiation, Ionizing; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D023041:Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D016376:Oligonucleotides, Antisense; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D016650:Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate