title: Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: a 5 year follow up.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The short term benefits of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with advanced levodopa responsive Parkinson's disease (PD) are well documented, but long term benefits are still uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study provides a 5 year follow up of PD patients treated with stimulation of the STN.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty seven consecutive patients with PD treated with bilateral STN stimulation were assessed prospectively 6, 24, and 60 months after neurosurgery. Parkinsonian motor disability was evaluated with and without levodopa treatment, with and without bilateral STN stimulation. Neuropsychological and mood assessments included the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, the frontal score, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No severe peri- or immediate postoperative side effects were observed. Six patients died and one was lost to follow up. Five years after neurosurgery: (i) activity of daily living (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II) was improved by stimulation of the STN by 40% ("off" drug) and 60% ("on" drug); (ii) parkinsonian motor disability (UPDRS III) was improved by 54% ("off" drug) and 73% ("on" drug); (iii) the severity of levodopa related motor complications was decreased by 67% and the levodopa daily doses were reduced by 58%. The MADRS was unchanged, but cognitive performance declined significantly. Persisting adverse effects included eyelid opening apraxia, weight gain, addiction to levodopa treatment, hypomania and disinhibition, depression, dysarthria, dyskinesias, and apathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite moderate motor and cognitive decline, probably due to disease progression, the marked improvement in motor function observed postoperatively was sustained 5 years after neurosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
authors.forename: W M M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Schüpbach
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Chastan
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Welter
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Houeto
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mesnage
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bonnet
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Czernecki
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Maltête
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Pidoux
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dormont
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cornu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Agid
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007980:Levodopa / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D020531:Subthalamic Nucleus; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents; D007980:Levodopa