title: Tumour matrilysin expression predicts metastatic potential of stage I (pT1) colon and rectal cancers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Nodal metastases are indisputable determinants of prognosis for colon and rectal cancer. Using classical histological criteria, many attempts to predict nodal metastasis have failed, preventing the adequate management of stage I (pT1) cancer. We investigated the role of tumour matrilysin in predicting metastatic potential, and discuss its potential use in individualising treatment of pT1 colon and rectal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  The gene signature associated with nodal metastasis was investigated by cDNA array in 24 colon and rectal cancers. We studied 494 colon and rectal cancer patients to identify risk factors for nodal metastasis and evaluated the potential to predict nodal metastasis by either the logistic regression model or the Bayesian neural network model with built-in matrilysin. We then inferred possible causality of nodal metastasis from structural equation modelling.
  
  
  RESULTS
  cDNA array revealed that matrilysin was maximally upregulated in the metastasis signature identified. Tumour matrilysin expression emerged as a stage independent risk factor for nodal metastasis, resulting in a similar predictive performance in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the two models. A Bayesian approach called automatic relevance determination identified matrilysin as one of the most relevant predictors examined. Structural equation modelling suggested possible direct causality between matrilysin and nodal metastasis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have provided evidence that tumour matrilysin expression is a promising biomarker predicting nodal metastasis of colon and rectal cancer. Analysis of tumour matrilysin expression would help clinicians achieve the goal of individualised cancer treatment based on the metastatic potential of pT1 colon and rectal cancer.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, S-1, W-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo 060-8543, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kurokawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Arimura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Adachi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Endo
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suga
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hosokawa
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shinomura
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000201:enzymology / Q000473:pathology / Q000556:secondary*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000473:pathology; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011379:Prognosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018076:DNA, Complementary; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D020783:Matrix Metalloproteinase 7