title: Dopamine D(2)-like receptor function is converted from excitatory to inhibitory by thyroxine in the developmental hippocampus.
abstract: The mechanism by which a lack of thyroid hormone in the early development of the brain causes permanent mental retardation in cretins is currently unknown. On the other hand, an abnormality in dopamine-related brain function is believed to underlie some forms of mental illness. In this study, we demonstrate that although the activation of a dopaminergic D(2)-like receptor inhibited glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampal slices of normal adult rats, indicating the inhibitory action of the D(2)-like receptor on glutamatergic transmission, it markedly enhanced glutamatergic transmission both in a mutant hypothyroid rat with a missense mutation in thyroglobulin and in hypothyroid rats treated with methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI), indicating the excitatory action of the D(2)-like receptor on glutamatergic transmission. Paired pulse facilitation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials was reduced by the activation of the D(2)-like receptors from MMI-induced hypothyroid rats, suggesting a presynaptic locus of the excitatory action of the D(2)-like receptors. In normal rats, the excitatory D(2)-like dopamine receptors were observed in the developing stages and were completely replaced by normal inhibitory responses up to adulthood. Furthermore, the continuous supplement of thyroxine from birth exerted a normalising effect on the abnormal excitatory property of D(2)-like dopamine receptors in the hippocampal slices of MMI-treated hypothyroid rats. From these results, it is suggested that thyroxine may play a crucial role in reversing the excitatory property of D(2)-like dopaminergic receptors in the immature brain to an inhibitory one in the mature brain. Moreover, we suggest that the abnormal excitatory property of D(2)-like dopaminergic receptors may develop in response to a lack of thyroxine and may contribute to some central nervous system deficits, including cognitive dysfunctions accompanied by hypothyroidism.
authors.affiliation: Division of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, Japan.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oh-Nishi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Saji
authors.forename: S-I
authors.initials: SI
authors.lastname: Furudate
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018491:Dopamine Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D019706:Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D020125:Mutation, Missense; D009433:Neural Inhibition / Q000502:physiology*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D019257:Quinpirole / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011922:Rats, Mutant Strains; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1 / Q000502:physiology; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2 / Q000502:physiology*; D013954:Thyroglobulin / Q000235:genetics; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D018491:Dopamine Agonists; D017447:Receptors, Dopamine D1; D017448:Receptors, Dopamine D2; D019257:Quinpirole; D013954:Thyroglobulin; D013974:Thyroxine