title: Serum lipid levels in Sjögren's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Altered lipid levels may occur in autoimmune diseases, for example low cholesterol levels have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Serum lipid profiles in patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) have not been investigated. We hypothesized decreased lipid levels in SS patients and an inverse relationship with disease activity.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum lipid levels [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides] and additional data regarding disease measures (clinical immunology parameters, focus score from labial salivary gland biopsy, salivary flow and ophthalmological measures) were available for 46 primary SS patients and 12 xerostomic controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences between SS patients and controls means (s.d.) were seen for HDL (P = 0.04) and total cholesterol (P = 0.02). LDL (P = 0.12) and triglyceride (P = 0.08) levels were not different. In SS patients, but not in controls, total cholesterol (P = 0.003) and HDL cholesterol (P = 0.003) predicted immunoglobulin G levels. Anti-SSA antibodies were related to a lower total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and anti-SSB antibodies to a lower HDL cholesterol level (P = 0.0497).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Significant differences were seen in serum lipid levels of primary SS patients and these were associated with serological measures of inflammation. Our results are comparable to earlier findings in RA patients and raise questions related to adverse cardiovascular consequences in SS.
authors.affiliation: Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch/National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 1N114, MSC 1190, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA. blodde@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Lodde
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Sankar
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Kok
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Leakan
authors.forename: P P
authors.initials: PP
authors.lastname: Tak
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Pillemer
mesh_terms: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012859:Sjogren's Syndrome / Q000097:blood*; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000974:Antibodies, Antinuclear; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008055:Lipids; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C035356:SS-A antibodies; C035357:SS-B antibodies; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol