title: Haematological parameters of HIV-1-uninfected infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate haematological parameters in infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers and exposed to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) used to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A 2-y single-centre follow-up study performed in 109 infants born to HIV-1-positive mothers. Exclusion criteria for the infants were HIV-1 infection, perinatal death, or insufficient information. Haematological parameters of the remainder of 92 infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers and exposed to ART in utero and neonatally were compared with 75 matched non-ART-exposed children.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Transmission rate of HIV-1 was 1.8% and occurred when the mother was not compliant with the treatment. In the HIV-1/ART-exposed children there was a long-lasting reduction in absolute neutrophil counts (ANC) until at least 8 mo of age. According to PACTG toxicity scores, 16 infants were suffering from grade II or more (moderate-to-severe) toxicity of ART on ANC. In a multivariable analysis of maternal and neonatal risk factors, pregnancy duration was correlated with moderate-to-severe toxicity on ANC. There were no clinical implications detected, e.g. increased infections or antibiotic treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  ART is successful in preventing MTCT, but alterations in haematological parameters may persist for a long period. The clinical implications remain uncertain. This suggestion increases the importance to continue prospective follow-up on the haematological parameters in ART/HIV-exposed children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Haematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. m.bunders@ich.ucl.ac.jp
authors.forename: Madeleine J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Bunders
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Bekker
authors.forename: Henriette J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Scherpbier
authors.forename: Kees
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Boer
authors.forename: Mieke
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Godfried
authors.forename: Taco W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Kuijpers
mesh_terms: D023241:Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000517:prevention & control; D018023:HIV Seronegativity; D015497:HIV-1; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D016555:Matched-Pair Analysis; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D009503:Neutropenia / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects