Growth factor delivery for bone tissue repair: an update.
Growth factors (GFs) are endogenous proteins capable of acting on cell-surface receptors and directing cellular activities involved in the regeneration of new bone tissue. The specific actions and long-term effects of GFs on bone-forming cells have resulted in exploration of their potential for clinical bone repair. The concerted efforts have led to the recent approval of two GFs, bone morphogenetic protein-2 and osteogenic protein-1, for clinical bone repair, and human parathryroid hormone (1-34) for augmentation of systemic bone mass. This review provides a selective summary of recent (2001-2004) attempts for GF delivery in bone tissue regeneration. First, a summary of non-human primate studies involving local regeneration and repair is provided, with special emphasis on the range of biomaterials used for GF delivery. Next, efforts to administer GFs for systemic augmentation of bone tissue are summarised. Finally, an alternative means of GF delivery, namely the delivery of genes coding for osteogenic proteins, rather than the delivery of the proteins, is summarised from rodent models. To conclude, future avenues of research considered promising to enhance the clinical application of GFs are discussed.
Varkey
Mathew
M
University of Alberta, Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 526 Chemical and Materials Engineering Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G6, Canada.
Gittens
Sebastien A
SA
Uludag
Hasan
H
D000818:Animals; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000628:therapy; D001861:Bone Regeneration / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D016503:Drug Delivery Systems / Q000379:methods*; D015316:Genetic Therapy; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
D006133:Growth Substances