title: Degradation of alachlor in natural and sludge-amended soils, studied by gas and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS and HPLC-MS).
abstract: Alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] is an herbicide used worldwide. The relative rates of disappearance of alachlor, the formation kinetics of alachlor ethane sulfonic acid (ESA), and the formation of other degradation products in two different soils (a soil with natural organic matter and a sludge-amended soil) has been studied. For such a purpose, soil samples were spiked with alachlor at 2.5 mg kg(-1), concentration generally applied in agricultural soils, and were submitted to sunlight, simulating natural field conditions. Extracts were analyzed by GC-MS and HPLC-MS in scan mode. A good correlation was observed between both techniques, and HPLC-MS allowed the determination of two eluting peaks corresponding to the two stereoisomeric forms of alachlor ESA. Degradation of alachlor in the two soils followed first-order kinetics. Half-life in the natural soil was 4.2 +/- 0.1 days, and half-life in the sludge-amended soil was 5.8 +/- 0.8 days. The higher half-life observed in the sludge-amended soil was attributed to the higher sorption of alachlor to this soil compared to the natural soil. The degradation of alachlor in both soils gave rise to the production of alachlor ESA. Its concentration increased during the incubation period, and after 27 days, its concentration was about 0.59 mg kg(-1) in the natural soil and 0.37 mg kg(-1) in the sludge-amended soil. The other two alachlor transformation products were identified using GC-MS, and the abundance of these degradation products increased while alachlor was degraded.
authors.affiliation: Department of Environmental Chemistry, IIQAB-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: Sonia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Cruz
authors.forename: Silvia
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lacorte
mesh_terms: D000081:Acetamides / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry*; D000476:Alkanesulfonates / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004787:Environmental Pollution; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006540:Herbicides / Q000737:chemistry*; D007700:Kinetics; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D012722:Sewage / Q000737:chemistry*; D012987:Soil; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000081:Acetamides; D000476:Alkanesulfonates; D006540:Herbicides; D012722:Sewage; D012987:Soil; C000188:alachlor; C002634:ethane sulfonate