title: In-situ degradation of sulphur mustard and its simulants on the surface of impregnated carbon systems.
abstract: Bis-2-chloroethyl sulphide (sulphur mustard or HD) is an extremely toxic and persistent chemical warfare agent. For in situ degradation of HD and its analogues (simulants), i.e., dibutyl sulphide (DBS) and ethyl 2-hydroxyethyl sulphide (HEES), different carbon systems such as 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid impregnated carbon (V(1)/C), ruthenium chloride impregnated carbon (Ru/C) and combination of these two (V(1)/Ru/C) were prepared. These carbons were characterized for cumulative micropore volume and surface area by N(2) BET. The kinetics of the in situ degradation of HD and its simulants were studied and found to be following the first order kinetics. Kinetic rate constants and t(1/2) values were determined. Products were characterized using NMR, IR and GC-MS. Reaction products were found to be sulphoxide and sulphone. The combined system, i.e., 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid plus ruthenium chloride (V(1)/Ru/C) was found to be best for in-situ degradation of HD and its simulants. In-situ degradation by polyoxometalate based system was found to be stoichiometry based while Ru/C oxidized HD in presence of chemisorbed oxygen. In combined system of V(1)/Ru/C ruthenium worked as a catalyst and polyoxometalate acted as a source of oxygen. Effect of moisture was also studied in combined system. Rate of degradation of HD was found to be increasing with increased percentage of moisture content.
authors.affiliation: Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, MP, India.
authors.forename: Abha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Beer
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Mamta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sharma
authors.forename: Malladi Venkata Satya
authors.initials: MV
authors.lastname: Suryanarayana
authors.forename: Rajendra Prasad
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Semwal
authors.forename: Kumaran
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ganeshan
authors.forename: Krishnamurthy
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sekhar
mesh_terms: D002244:Carbon / Q000737:chemistry*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009151:Mustard Gas / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D002244:Carbon; D009151:Mustard Gas