title: Prognostic relevance of response evaluation using [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of (early) response measurements using [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18FDG PET) with respect to survival of patients with stage IIIA-N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing induction chemotherapy (IC), with a comparative analysis of PET methods.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective multicenter study, PET was performed in patients before IC and after one and three cycles. Computed tomography (CT) was performed before and after IC. Glucose consumption (metabolic rate of glucose [MRglu]) was measured using Patlak graphical analysis and correlated with simplified methods. Mediastinal lymph node (MLN) status was assessed visually. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the prognostic relevance of CT and PET measures of response with respect to survival.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Complete PET data sets were available in 47 patients. Median survival was 21 months. MLN status after IC by PET predicted survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.33; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.22; P = .04) in contrast with CT (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 0.81 to 4.30; P = .14). Residual MRglu after IC proved to be the best prognostic factor (HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.28 to 2.97; P = .002). Multivariate stepwise analysis showed that PET identified prognostically different strata in patients considered responsive according to CT. Residual MRglu after one cycle selected patients with different outcomes (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.52; P = .01). Simplified quantitative 18FDG PET methods were correlated with Patlak graphical analysis during and after therapy (r > or = 0.90).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  18FDG PET has additional value over CT in monitoring response to IC in patients with stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC, and it seems feasible to predict survival early during IC. Simple semiquantitative and complex PET methods perform equally well.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vrije University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Corneline J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
authors.forename: Sigrid G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Stroobants
authors.forename: Egbert F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Smit
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vansteenkiste
authors.forename: Harm
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: van Tinteren
authors.forename: Pieter E
authors.initials: PE
authors.lastname: Postmus
authors.forename: Richard P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Golding
authors.forename: Bonne
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Biesma
authors.forename: Frans J H M
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Schramel
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: van Zandwijk
authors.forename: Adriaan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Lammertsma
authors.forename: Otto S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Hoekstra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D016903:Drug Monitoring; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18 / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008482:Mediastinum; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography / Q000379:methods*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D016037:Single-Blind Method; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18