Maternal coffee and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, parental smoking and risk of childhood acute leukaemia.
BACKGROUND
We investigated the role of maternal alcohol and coffee drinking and parental smoking on the risk of childhood acute leukemia in a multicenter case-control study.


METHODS
The study included 280 incident cases and 288 hospitalized controls, frequency matched with the cases by age, gender and center. Data collection was completed by face-to-face standardized interviews of the case and control mothers.


RESULTS
An association with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was observed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (OR=2.0 [1.4-3.0]) and acute non-lymphoid leukemia (ANLL) (OR=2.6 [1.2-5.8]). Maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy was associated with childhood acute leukemia, ORs increasing in ALL with coffee consumption (OR=1.1 [0.7-1.8], OR=2.4 [1.3-4.7] and OR=3.1 [1.0-9.5], respectively, for < or =3, 4-8 and >8 cups/day). No association with maternal smoking during pregnancy or parental smoking before or after the index child's birth was observed.


CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest an association with maternal alcohol and coffee drinking during pregnancy and call for further investigations. Besides, the present study does not support the hypothesis of an increase in the risk of childhood leukemia related to parental smoking.
Menegaux
Florence
F
INSERM, U170-IFR69 16, av. Paul Vaillant-Couturier, F-94807 VILLEJUIF Cedex, France. menegaux@vjf.inserm.fr
Steffen
Christoph
C
Bellec
Stéphanie
S
Baruchel
André
A
Lescoeur
Brigitte
B
Leverger
Guy
G
Nelken
Brigitte
B
Philippe
Noël
N
Sommelet
Danièle
D
Hémon
Denis
D
Clavel
Jacqueline
J
D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
D003069:Coffee; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution