title: Meconium aspiration induces neuronal injury in piglets.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Meconium aspiration-induced hypertensive lung injury, especially when connected with perinatal asphyxia, has been associated with brain damage. We aimed to determine the neuronal injury induced by pulmonary meconium contamination alone and with concurrent asphyxia.
  
  
  METHODS
  36 anaesthetized and ventilated newborn piglets were haemodynamically monitored for 6 h. Seven piglets without concurrent asphyxia and seven piglets with asphyxia were instilled with a bolus of human meconium intratracheally. Seven piglets had only asphyxia and 15 piglets served as controls. The brains were studied histologically.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Meconium aspiration did not change systemic haemodynamics acutely, while its combination with asphyxia diminished the abrupt postasphyxic systemic hypertensive peak and resulted in a transient increase in carotid artery flow, not seen after isolated asphyxia. Systemic pressure declined after 4 h in all insulted groups, but only isolated asphyxia was associated with a sustained decrease in carotid artery flow. Arterial oxygenation remained normal, except during the acute insults. Brain examination after meconium instillation indicated neuronal injury, especially in the CA3 region of the hippocampus. Asphyxia resulted in neuronal injury in the cortical, cerebellar and hippocampal hilus regions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Severe meconium aspiration itself may result in hippocampal neuronal injury.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine (CAPC), University Hospital of Turku, Turku, Finland. minkopo@utu.fi
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aaltonen
authors.forename: Hanna
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Soukka
authors.forename: Lauri
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Halkola
authors.forename: Hannu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kalimo
authors.forename: Irma E
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Holopainen
authors.forename: Pekka O
authors.initials: PO
authors.lastname: Kääpä
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008471:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D010784:Photomicrography; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D013552:Swine