title: Complexity of intercalation of hydrazine into kaolinite--a controlled rate thermal analysis and DRIFT spectroscopic study.
abstract: Controlled rate thermal analysis (CRTA) allows the separation of adsorbed and intercalated hydrazine. CRTA displays the presence of three different types of hydrogen-bonded hydrazine in the intercalation complex: (a) The first is adsorbed loosely bonded on the kaolinite structure fully expanded by hydrazine-hydrate and liberated between approx 50 and 70 degrees C (b) The second intercalated hydrazine is lost between approx 70 and 85 degrees C. (c) The third type of intercalated-hydrazine molecule is lost in the 85-130 degrees C range. CRTA at 70 degrees C enables the removal of hydrazine-water and results in the partial collapse of the hydrazine-intercalated kaolinite structure to form a hydrazine-intercalated kaolinite. Removal of the adsorbed hydrazine enables the DRIFT spectra of the hydrazine-intercalated complex without any adsorbed hydrazine to be obtained. A band at 3626 cm(-1) attributed to the inner surface hydroxyls of kaolinite hydrogen bonded to hydrazine is observed. The intercalation of hydrazine-hydrate into kaolinite is complex and results from the different types of surface interactions of the hydrazine with the kaolinite surfaces.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Instrumental and Developmental Chemistry, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, G.P.O. Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland, 4001, Australia.
authors.forename: Ray L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Frost
authors.forename: János
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kristof
authors.forename: Erzsébet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Horvath
authors.forename: Wayde N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Martens
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kloprogge