title: Turner syndrome in adulthood.
abstract: Turner syndrome is a common genetic disorder associated with abnormalities of the X chromosome and occurs in about 50 per 100,000 liveborn girls. It is associated with reduced adult height, gonadal dysgenesis and thus insufficient circulating levels of female sex steroids and infertility. Morbidity and mortality are increased throughout the lifespan. The average intellectual performance is within the normal range. A number of recent clinical studies have given new insight particularly into the adult phase of Turner syndrome. Treatment with growth hormone during childhood and adolescence enables a considerable gain in adult height. In most cases puberty has to be induced and female sex hormone replacement therapy is given during adulthood. Type 2 diabetes is often seen, and hypertension and associated cardiovascular disorders are frequent. The proper treatments of these disorders have not been firmly established. Since the risk of cardiovascular and endocrinological disease is clearly elevated, proper care during adulthood is crucial. Cognition and social functioning are altered in Turner syndrome.
authors.affiliation: Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes) and Medical Research Laboratories, Arhus Sygehus, Arhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark. ch.gravholt@dadlnet.dk
authors.forename: Claus Højbjerg
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Gravholt
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency; D001823:Body Composition; D001827:Body Height; D015519:Bone Density; D002648:Child; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000209:etiology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000209:etiology; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000209:etiology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D011788:Quality of Life; D012917:Social Adjustment; D014424:Turner Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens