title: Control of B-cell responses by Toll-like receptors.
abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) detect microbial infection and have an essential role in the induction of immune responses. TLRs can directly induce innate host defence responses, but the mechanisms of TLR-mediated control of adaptive immunity are not fully understood. Although TLR-induced dendritic cell maturation is required for activation of T-helper (T(H)) cells, the role of TLRs in B-cell activation and antibody production in vivo is not yet known. Here we show that activation and differentiation of T(H) cells is not sufficient for the induction of T-dependent B-cell responses. We find that, in addition to CD4+ T-cell help, generation of T-dependent antigen-specific antibody responses requires activation of TLRs in B cells.
authors.affiliation: Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.
authors.forename: Chandrashekhar
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pasare
authors.forename: Ruslan
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Medzhitov
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000941:Antigens; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; C507780:Myd88 protein, mouse; D053594:Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors