title: Regulation of glucocorticoid responsiveness in glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells by glucocorticoid receptor-beta.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Glucocorticoid administration can lead to increased intraocular pressure in greater than 90% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), compared with 30% to 40% of the general population. The molecular mechanisms for increased steroid responsiveness among patients with glaucoma are unknown. An alternative splicing variant of the human glucocorticoid receptor GRbeta has dominant negative activity and has been implicated in a variety of steroid-resistant diseases. GRbeta also may play a role in glucocorticoid hyperresponsiveness in glaucoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of GRalpha and GRbeta in TM cells and its regulation by dexamethasone (DEX). Immunocytochemistry was used to compare the subcellular expression of GRbeta between normal and glaucomatous TM cell lines. DEX transgene induction in a luciferase reporter was performed to investigate the differential glucocorticoid responsiveness between multiple normal and glaucomatous TM cell lines. Overexpression of GRbeta was conducted in glaucomatous TM cell lines, and the regulation of GRbeta in the Dex-induced reporter gene luciferase or endogenous myocilin and fibronectin expression were determined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Trabecular meshwork (TM) cell lines derived from normal individuals expressed higher levels of GRbeta than did glaucomatous TM cells. Glaucomatous TM cells were more susceptible to DEX induction of a luciferase reporter gene than were TM cells derived from normal donors. Overexpression of GRbeta in glaucomatous TM cells inhibited DEX induction of a luciferase reporter gene as well as the endogenous genes MYOC and fibronectin.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The decreased amount of GRbeta in glaucomatous TM cells could result in enhanced glucocorticoid responsiveness and ocular hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, USA.
authors.forename: Xinyu
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Abbot F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yorio
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002460:Cell Line; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005136:Eye Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D005822:Genetic Vectors; D005902:Glaucoma, Open-Angle / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010957:Plasmids; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014129:Trabecular Meshwork / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection; D000099179:Myocilin
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D003907:Dexamethasone; D005136:Eye Proteins; D005353:Fibronectins; D005938:Glucocorticoids; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D000099179:Myocilin; C411470:glucocorticoid receptor alpha; C121943:glucocorticoid receptor beta