title: Site of disease and treatment protocol as correlates of swallowing function in patients with head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiation.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The relationship between type of chemoradiation treatment, site of disease, and swallowing function has not been sufficiently examined in patients with head and neck cancer treated primarily with chemoradiation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-three patients with advanced-stage head and neck cancer were evaluated before and 3 months after chemoradiation treatment to define their swallowing disorders and characterize their swallowing physiology by site of lesion and chemoradiation protocol. One hundred forty normal subjects were also studied.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The most common disorders at baseline and 3 months after treatment were reduced tongue base retraction, reduced tongue strength, and slowed or delayed laryngeal vestibule closure. Frequency of functional swallow did not differ significantly across disease sites after treatment, although frequency of disorders was different at various sites of lesion. The effects of the chemotherapy protocols were small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The site of the lesion affects the frequency of occurrence of specific swallow disorders, whereas chemoradiation protocols have minimal effect on oropharyngeal swallow function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, 2240 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. j-logemann@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Jeri A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Logemann
authors.forename: Alfred W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Barbara Roa
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Pauloski
authors.forename: Cathy L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lazarus
authors.forename: Bharat B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Brockstein
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: MacCracken
authors.forename: Daniel J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Haraf
authors.forename: Everett E
authors.initials: EE
authors.lastname: Vokes
authors.forename: Lisa A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Dachao
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Liu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003679:Deglutition / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology / Q000528:radiation effects; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors