title: Improvement in microvascular reflow and reduction of infarct size with adenosine in patients undergoing primary coronary stenting.
abstract: The aim of this study was to use myocardial contrast echocardiography to evaluate the effect of intravenous adenosine on microvascular reflow in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent primary coronary stenting (PCS). Thirty patients who underwent primary PCS for acute myocardial infarction were randomized to intravenous adenosine (50 to 70 mug/kg/min) or vehicle for 3 hours. Myocardial contrast echocardiography was performed before and sequentially after PCS to determine the risk area during coronary occlusion and infarct size. The risk area was similar in the adenosine- and placebo-treated patients. The infarct size as a ratio to the risk area was smaller in patients treated with adenosine when measured at 3 to 5 days (0.37 +/- 0.29 vs 0.68 +/- 0.25, p <0.01) and at 4 weeks (0.34 +/- 0.26 vs 0.60 +/- 0.21, p <0.01) after PCS. This effect was greatest when patency was achieved <4 hours after symptom onset (0.18 +/- 0.18 vs 0.74 +/- 0.31, p <0.05), with little effect after 4 hours. The relative microvascular blood volume in the risk area at 4 weeks was higher in patients receiving adenosine than in those receiving placebo (0.73 +/- 0.22 vs 0.57 +/- 0.20, p <0.01), and was highest when patency was achieved in <4 hours. In conclusion, the adjunctive use of intravenous adenosine after PCS reduces the infarct size relative to the risk area. This beneficial effect occurs primarily in those undergoing early intervention.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Imaging Center, Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Micari
authors.forename: Todd A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Belcik
authors.forename: Eduardo A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Balcells
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wei
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaul
authors.forename: Jonathan R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Lindner
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D015607:Stents; D013318:Stroke Volume / Q000187:drug effects; D013599:Systole / Q000187:drug effects; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014654:Vascular Patency / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000241:Adenosine