title: Loss of heterozygosity of M6P/IGF2R gene is an early event in the development of prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The genetic events leading to initiation and/or progression of prostate cancer are not well characterized. The gene coding for the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) has recently been identified as a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether the M6P/IGF2R gene is inactivated in human prostate cancer, and if so, whether this is an early or late transformational event.
  
  
  METHODS
  In total, 43 patients with prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy, with archival material available for analysis, were assessed for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the M6P/IGF2R gene using six different gene-specific nucleotide polymorphisms. Regions of tumor, normal prostate and premalignant high-grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) were identified and cells were excised by laser capture microdissection (LCM). DNA segments were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The M6P/IGF2R gene was polymorphic in 83.7% (36/43) of patients, and 41.7% (15/36) of these informative patients had LOH in the tumor tissue. In 11/15 patients with LOH in malignant tissue, high-grade PIN could be identified, and 63.6% (7/11) also had LOH in this premalignant tissue.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is the first to find that the M6P/IGF2R gene is inactivated in prostate cancer. LOH in premalignant tissue as well suggests that mutation in the M6P/IGF2R gene is an early event in the development of prostate cancer, supporting the conclusion that it functions as a tumor suppressor gene in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: McCall
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Madden
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Clough
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Jirtle
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Anscher
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018450:Disease Progression; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D008875:Middle Aged; D011467:Prostate / Q000378:metabolism; D011468:Prostatectomy; D019048:Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000601:surgery; D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2 / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017527:Receptor, IGF Type 2; D004247:DNA