title: Excitatory amino acid concentrations increase in the spinal cord dorsal horn after repeated intramuscular injection of acidic saline.
abstract: Chronic muscle pain is common and often difficult to treat. In this study, we further characterize a model of chronic muscle pain induced by repeated intramuscular injection of acidic saline. Two injections of acid into muscle separated by 5 days result in secondary mechanical hyperalgesia that lasts for up to 4 weeks. Blockade of spinal NMDA receptors prior to the second injection intramuscular acid injection delays the onset of hyperalgesia, where as the maintenance phase of hyperalgesia, evaluated 1 week after the second intramuscular injection, is dependent on activation of spinal AMPA/kainate and NMDA receptors. In order to determine if behavioral hyperalgesia and glutamate receptor involvement are associated with increased concentrations of excitatory amino acids (EAA), we utilized microdialysis to evaluate extracellular glutamate and aspartate concentrations in the spinal dorsal horn during the first and second intramuscular acid injections, and 1 week after the development of mechanical hyperalgesia. The second intramuscular injection evoked a calcium-dependent increase in both spinal glutamate and aspartate concentrations. Glutamate concentrations within the dorsal horn were also increased 1 week after the second acid injection. Our data suggest increased release of spinal EAAs in the dorsal horn contributes to the development and maintenance of hyperalgesia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Sciences, Palmer College-Florida, Port Orange, FL 32129, USA Neuroscience Graduate Program and Graduate Program in Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52241, USA.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Skyba
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lisi
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Sluka
mesh_terms: D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*; D006930:Hyperalgesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D006941:Hyperesthesia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009209:Myofascial Pain Syndromes / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D020671:Posterior Horn Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D014110:Touch
chemical_list: D018846:Excitatory Amino Acids; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D012965:Sodium Chloride