title: Calcineurin regulates bone formation by the osteoblast.
abstract: Two of the most commonly used immunosuppressants, cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506), inhibit the activity of a ubiquitously expressed Ca(2+)/calmodulin-sensitive phosphatase, calcineurin. Because both drugs also cause profound bone loss in humans and in animal models, we explored whether calcineurin played a role in regulating skeletal remodeling. We found that osteoblasts contained mRNA and protein for all isoforms of calcineurin A and B. TAT-assisted transduction of fusion protein TAT-calcineurin Aalpha into osteoblasts resulted in the enhanced expression of the osteoblast differentiation markers Runx-2, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin. This expression was associated with a dramatic enhancement of bone formation in intact calvarial cultures. Calcineurin Aalpha(-/-) mice displayed severe osteoporosis, markedly reduced mineral apposition rates, and attenuated colony formation in 10-day ex vivo stromal cell cultures. The latter was associated with significant reductions in Runx2, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin expression, paralleled by similar decreases in response to FK506. Together, the gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicate that calcineurin regulates bone formation through an effect on osteoblast differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Bone Program and Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
authors.forename: Li
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Harry C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Blair
authors.forename: Yuanzhen
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Neeha
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Zaidi
authors.forename: Olugbenga A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Adebanjo
authors.forename: Xue Bin
authors.initials: XB
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Xing Yao
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Jameel
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Iqbal
authors.forename: Solomon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Epstein
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Baljit S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Moonga
authors.forename: Mone
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zaidi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019703:Calcineurin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D017353:Gene Deletion; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D010012:Osteogenesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D065095:Calcineurin Inhibitors; D007527:Isoenzymes; D019703:Calcineurin; D016559:Tacrolimus