Dietary strategies for reduced phosphorus excretion and improved water quality.
Cost effective feeding strategies are essential to deal with P surpluses associated with intensive animal agriculture and the consequent impact on water quality. Reduction of P overfeeding, use of feed additives to enhance dietary P utilization, and development of high available phosphorus (HAP) grains have all been shown to decrease fecal P excretion without impairing animal performance. Much progress has been made, but more research will be needed to refine these strategies to maximize reductions in P excretion while maintaining animal performance. Recent research has focused on the impact of modifying dietary P on the forms of P excreted and the mobility of P in soils amended with these manures, with strong treatment trends becoming evident in the literature. In general, dietary strategies have been developed that can effectively reduce the total P concentration in manures produced, and combining strategies usually leads to greater reductions than individual practices. However, the impact of different approaches on the solubility of P in manures and amended soils has been more variable. Soluble P remains of particular concern due to links between solubility of P in manure and P losses from manure-amended soils. In this paper, we outline the major strategies for reducing dietary P in different species, review the literature on the impact of these approaches on P forms in manures and amended soils, and discuss the potential beneficial effects on animal agriculture and the environment.
Maguire
R O
RO
Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27695, USA. rory_maguire@ncsu.edu
Dou
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Sims
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JT
Brake
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Joern
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BC
D000824:Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D000818:Animals; D003612:Dairying / Q000379:methods; D004032:Diet; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry*; D008372:Manure; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011200:Poultry; D012987:Soil; D012995:Solubility; D013552:Swine
D008372:Manure; D012987:Soil; D010758:Phosphorus