title: Lysophosphatidic acid-induced effects in human colon carcinoma DLD1 cells are partially dependent on transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid mediator of diverse effects on various cells. LPA is well known to induce phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is termed transactivation, in some cell types. In this study, we investigated the contribution of EGFR transactivation in LPA-induced responses in colon cancer DLD1 cells.
  
  
  METHODS
  Immunoprecipitation was performed to investigate whether LPA induced EGFR phosphorylation. Then, we investigated LPA-induced migration and IL-8 secretion in DLD1 cells. Migration was measured in a modified Boyden chamber and IL-8 secretion was measured by ELISA. In these experiments we used an EGFR inhibitor, AG1478 or matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, GM6001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that LPA induced a significant level of tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR in DLD1 cells. The LPA-induced phosphorylation of EGFR was almost completely abrogated by either AG1478 or GM6001. LPA induced significant migration and IL-8 secretion in DLD1, both of which were significantly inhibited by AG1478 or GM6001. However, the inhibitory effects were only partial (migration; 29% +/- 2%, 32 +/- 13% inhibition, IL-8 secretion; 33% +/- 1%, 26% +/- 5% inhibition, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results clearly indicate that LPA acts upstream of EGFR and compensates the EGF signal and antagonism of the EGF signal cannot completely block tumor progression in colon cancer cells. Blockade of the LPA signal may have clinical significance in the treatment of colon cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan. kenmori-tky@umin.ac.jp
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Joji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitayama
authors.forename: Dai
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: Hiroharu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamashita
authors.forename: Toshiaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagawa
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002633:Chemotaxis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D008246:Lysophospholipids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D019000:Phosphotyrosine / Q000378:metabolism; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D011799:Quinazolines; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D020032:Tyrphostins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008246:Lysophospholipids; C078131:N-(2(R)-2-(hydroxamidocarbonylmethyl)-4-methylpentanoyl)-L-tryptophan methylamide; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D011799:Quinazolines; D020032:Tyrphostins; C101044:RTKI cpd; D019000:Phosphotyrosine; D066246:ErbB Receptors; C032881:lysophosphatidic acid