title: Three-dimensional computed tomography-guided multitract aspiration of extensive ganglionic hemorrhage: technical note.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We describe a methodology for effectively improving the lysis and drainage of intracerebral hematomas during stereotactic surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Stereotactic aspiration using a multitrack technique was performed in 20 patients with ganglionic hemorrhages perforating into the subcortex. Using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) guidance, the trajectories and targets of hematoma drainage were selected to extract most portions of the irregular and expansive intracerebral hematomas. Volumes ranged from 36 to 60 mL (mean, 45 mL). Four to 5 drains were inserted into the parenchymal and ventricular clots. Aspiration and injections of urokinase (5000 IU) were repeated every 2 to 3 hours until the hematoma was almost completely removed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The intended catheters for hematoma aspiration were placed precisely along the predetermined tracks with the aid of 3D-CT visualization. The deep and subcortical hematomas were totally removed within a mean of 10 hours postoperatively. Multiple catheter placements itself caused no complications. Sixteen patients (80%) recovered with a favorable neurological outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The 3D-CT-based multitrack technique is a rapid and effective method for the stereotactic removal of extensive ganglionic hemorrhages. It has the advantage of giving better neurological recovery than conventional stereotactic or microscopic surgery for selected patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Brain Research Institute, Daegu 700-712, Republic of Korea. bach1158@dsmc.or.kr
authors.forename: Il-Man
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Man-Bin
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Yim
authors.forename: Chang-Young
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jung-Bum
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization; D004322:Drainage; D005260:Female; D006406:Hematoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D020767:Intracranial Thrombosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed