title: Survivin expression and its relation with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in brain gliomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An unbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, and angiogenesis also plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Recently, survivin has been identified as an important member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Although it has been shown that survivin is highly expressed in gliomas, and is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and poor prognosis of gliomas, as yet the relation of survivin expression with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of gliomas it is still unclear.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three cases of brain glioma were chosen and protein expressions of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glioma cells and Factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAg) in vascular endothelial cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic cells of brain glioma were screened by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL), and survivin immunoreactivity score (IRS), proliferative index (PI), apoptotic index (AI), overall daily growth (ODG), and microvessel density (MVD) in brain gliomas were measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The survivin IRS, PI, AI, ODG, and MVD of brain gliomas were 3.75 +/- 3.89, 28.39 +/- 19.49%, 1.00 +/- 0.80%, 12.19 +/- 10.21%, and 62.75 +/- 31.50, respectively, and all of them increased markedly with an increase in the pathologic grade of brain gliomas (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD in the survivin-positive group were significantly higher than those in the survivin-negative group (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD were positively correlated with survivin IRS (P < 0.001 for all). Although there was no significant difference between AI in the survivin-positive group or in the survivin-negative group (P = 0.108), AI was inversely correlated with survivin IRS (P = 0.005).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Survivin is overexpressed in brain gliomas, which may play an important role in malignant proliferation, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis of brain gliomas.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, The People's Republic of China.
authors.forename: Hai-Ning
authors.initials: HN
authors.lastname: Zhen
authors.forename: Xiang
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Pei-Zhen
authors.initials: PZ
authors.lastname: Hu
authors.forename: Tong-Tao
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Zhou
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Fei
authors.forename: Jian-Ning
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Luo-An
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Fu
authors.forename: Xiao-Sheng
authors.initials: XS
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Fu-Cheng
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Xi-Ling
authors.initials: XL
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000502:physiology; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000473:pathology*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008297:Male; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D000077022:Survivin
chemical_list: C107489:BIRC5 protein, human; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D051034:Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; D008869:Microtubule-Associated Proteins; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D000077022:Survivin