title: Evaluation of adhesion of chairside hard relining materials to denture base polymers.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Removable denture bases are made of modified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which has reliable bond strength with resins containing methyl methacrylate (MMA). However, some hard relining materials with different chemical compositions have been reported to have less than adequate bond strength to PMMA denture base polymers.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This in vitro study evaluated the initial bonding properties of chairside hard relining materials to different removable denture base polymers, as well as the structure of the interface.
  
  
  METHODS
  The tensile strength (MPa) of adhesion of 8 chairside hard relining materials (Original Truliner, GC Reline Hard, Ufigel Hard, Triad Reline, New Truliner, Light Liner, Astron LC Hard, and Flexacryl Hard) was tested against 3 denture base polymers (Ivocap Plus, Paladon 65, and Palapress Vario). Dumbbell-shaped specimens with a 6-mm diameter of bonding surface were used for tensile testing of bond strength (n=5). An MMA containing hard relining material (Original Truliner) was used as a control. Tensile strength of the bond was calculated using the bonding area and maximum force under tension. Statistical analyses of data were conducted with 2-way analysis of variance (alpha=.05). The influence of the bonding agents and the relining materials on the PMMA denture base surface layer and its structure were investigated. The depths of the swollen layers were measured with a transmission light microscope. Fracture surfaces after testing were also visually evaluated. Chemical analyses of all materials prior to testing were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant differences were found among tensile bond strengths of chairside hard relining materials to PMMA denture base polymers forming 3 different groups (P<.001). No significant difference among different denture base polymers was found with regard to tensile strength of adhesion (P=.918), but the interaction term between hard relining material and denture base polymer was found to be significant (P<.001). The tensile bond strength of the relining materials and denture base polymers was found to range from 8% to 60% of the strength of the PMMA denture base polymers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The chemical composition of the bonding agents and the relining materials and their combinations affected the depth of the swollen layers of the denture base polymers and the tensile strength of adhesion.
authors.affiliation: NIOM, Scandinavian Institute of Dental Materials, Haslum, Norway. mustafm@odont.uio.no
authors.forename: Mustafa Murat
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Mutluay
authors.forename: I Eystein
authors.initials: IE
authors.lastname: Ruyter
mesh_terms: D000180:Acrylic Resins; D000268:Adhesiveness; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001840:Dental Bonding; D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D003819:Denture Bases; D003822:Denture Liners; D003823:Denture Rebasing; D008422:Materials Testing; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D000180:Acrylic Resins; C507521:Palapress Vario; C077042:SR-Ivocap; C024149:paladon; D019904:Polymethyl Methacrylate