title: Intravenous proton pump inhibitors before endoscopy in bleeding peptic ulcer with high-risk stigmata: a multicentre comparative study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is not clear if starting intravenous proton pump inhibitors (IV PPI) before endoscopic therapy provides additional benefit over starting it afterward in patients with high-risk ulcer stigmata of peptic ulcer disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who received IV pantoprazole bolus and infusion and underwent endoscopy in six Canadian hospitals over 20 months were reviewed. Only patients with high-risk ulcer stigmata (arterial bleeding, oozing, nonbleeding visible vessel or adherent clot) were included. Patients receiving IV PPI before endoscopy (before group) were compared with those who received it after endoscopy (after group) with respect to endoscopic findings and, secondarily, to patient demographics and clinical outcomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The demographics and baseline characteristics of the before group (n=57) and the after group (n=109) were similar. The before group was more likely to have had IV PPI started outside of daytime hours, and median time to endoscopy in patients admitted with upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 24 h (interquartile range 9.5 to 35) in the before group and 11.3 h (interquartile range 3.7 to 17.2) in the after group (P<0.0001). At the time of endoscopy, 33% of patients in the before group had actively bleeding lesions (Forrest 1a or 1b) compared with 54% in the after group (P=0.01), but there were no significant differences in rebleeding, surgical rates, intensive care unit admission or death between the groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IV PPI infusions before endoscopy may lower the proportion of actively bleeding peptic ulcer lesions at endoscopy, but this finding does not appear to affect rates of rebleeding, surgery or death.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
authors.forename: Christopher N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Levy
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fishman
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hahn
authors.forename: Kenneth
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwan
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Enns
mesh_terms: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000368:Aged; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016099:Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009853:Omeprazole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D010438:Peptic Ulcer Hemorrhage / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000601:surgery; D011300:Preoperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013454:Sulfoxides / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D053799:2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles; D000897:Anti-Ulcer Agents; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D054328:Proton Pump Inhibitors; D013454:Sulfoxides; D000077402:Pantoprazole; D009853:Omeprazole