title: Artificial human vision.
abstract: Can vision be restored to the blind? As early as 1929 it was discovered that stimulating the visual cortex of an individual led to the perception of spots of light, known as phosphenes [1] . The aim of artificial human vision systems is to attempt to utilize the perception of phosphenes to provide a useful substitute for normal vision. Currently, four locations for electrical stimulation are being investigated; behind the retina (subretinal), in front of the retina (epiretinal), the optic nerve and the visual cortex (using intra- and surface electrodes). This review discusses artificial human vision technology and requirements, and reviews the current development projects.
authors.affiliation: School of Electrical and Electronic Systems Engineering, Faculty of Built Environment and Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. j.dowling@qut.edu.au
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dowling
mesh_terms: D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D001766:Blindness / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D046690:Deep Brain Stimulation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D006801:Humans; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D019736:Prostheses and Implants; D011474:Prosthesis Design; D012160:Retina / Q000503:physiopathology; D013813:Therapy, Computer-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014793:Visual Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*