title: Main determinants of Global Assessment of Functioning score in schizophrenia: a European multicenter study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale is a measure widely used to assess the outcome of patients with schizophrenia. However, little is known about the importance of clinical and psychosocial variables in determining its final score. The aim of this paper is to identify which factors predict GAF scores of patients with schizophrenia and their variability in 5 different European settings.
  
  
  METHODS
  A representative sample of 404 patients with schizophrenia was assessed with the GAF. A multiple regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of the GAF scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical factors are the main determinants of GAF score. However, the analysis also showed that social and functioning factors were also significantly associated with GAF scores. Finally, the study showed the presence of intercenter differences in the factors, mainly in social functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The GAF is a useful and easy-to-apply measure of global functioning, independent of cross-cultural differences. Clinical factors are the main determinants of its score, although social functioning variables also have a lesser effect.
authors.affiliation: Clinical and Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain.
authors.forename: Luis
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gaite
authors.forename: Jose Luis
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Barquero
authors.forename: Andres
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Herrán
authors.forename: Graham
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Thornicroft
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Dierdre
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sierra-Biddle
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ruggeri
authors.forename: Aarty
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schene
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knapp
authors.forename: Javier
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Bourgon
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior