title: How Toll-like receptors and Nod-like receptors contribute to innate immunity in mammals.
abstract: Innate immune detection of pathogens relies on specific classes of microbial sensors called pattern-recognition molecules (PRM). In mammals, such PRM include Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the intracellular proteins NOD1 and NOD2, which belong to the family of Nod-like receptors (NLRs). Over the last decade as these molecules were discovered, a function in innate immunity has been assigned for the majority of them and, for most, the microbial motifs that these molecules detect were identified. One of the next challenges in innate immunity is to establish a better understanding of the complex interplay between signaling pathways induced simultaneously by distinct PRMs and how this affects tailoring first-line responses and the induction of adaptive immunity to a given pathogen.
authors.affiliation: Immunité Innée et Signalisation Laboratoire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Jörg H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Stephen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Girardin
mesh_terms: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D008322:Mammals / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / Q000276:immunology*; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors / Q000276:immunology*; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5
chemical_list: D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D053474:Nod1 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D053473:Nod2 Signaling Adaptor Protein; D043562:Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; D051193:Toll-Like Receptors; C513179:CXCR5 protein, mouse; D054380:Receptors, CXCR5; C119067:NOD1 protein, human; C429018:NOD2 protein, human