title: Nutrition, mild hyperparathyroidism, and bone mineral density in young Japanese women.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The adverse effects of poor nutrition on the bones of young Asian women have not been fully elucidated.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to investigate possible associations of vitamin D nutrition, calcium intake, and other nutrients with bone metabolism and bone mass in young Japanese women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The subjects were 108 female college students aged 19-25 y. Dietary nutrients were measured by using the duplicate sampling method on 3 weekdays. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], intact parathyroid hormone, and bone turnover markers were also measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine and femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The proportions of the subjects with low 25(OH)D (< 30 nmol/L) and high intact parathyroid hormone (> or = 6.9 pmol/L) concentrations were 32.4% and 15.7%, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (P = 0.0265) and calcium intake (P = 0.0103) were inversely associated with serum intact parathyroid hormone. In addition to weight and physical activity, the presence of mild hyperparathyroidism was associated with a low BMD of the lumbar spine (P = 0.0062) and the femoral neck (P = 0.0250), and a low calcium intake was associated with a low BMD of the femoral neck (P = 0.0044).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Low calcium intake (based on low BMD of the femoral neck only) and mild hyperparathyroidism (based on low BMD of both the femoral neck and lumbar spine), partly explained by low vitamin D nutrition and a low calcium intake, are important predictors of low BMD in young Japanese women. Effects of poor nutrition and mild hyperparathyroidism on bone peak bone mass in young women should be further investigated in longitudinal studies.
authors.affiliation: Department of Community Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata City, Japan. kazun@med.niigata-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Kazutoshi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Kimiko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ueno
authors.forename: Tomoko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Yoko
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okuda
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Yasuo
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsuchiya
authors.forename: Masaharu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood / Q000652:urine; D015519:Bone Density / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007564:Japan; D015596:Nutrition Assessment; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D009752:Nutritional Status; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D