title: Association of CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 polymorphisms with the pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To retrospectively evaluate the effects of six known allelic variants in the CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genes on the pharmacokinetics of the anticancer agent paclitaxel (Taxol).
  
  
  METHODS
  A cohort of 97 Caucasian patients with cancer (median age, 57 years) received paclitaxel as an i.v. infusion (dose range, 80-225 mg/m(2)). Genomic DNA was analyzed using PCR RFLP or using Pyrosequencing. Pharmacokinetic variables for unbound paclitaxel were estimated using nonlinear mixed effect modeling. The effects of genotypes on typical value of clearance were evaluated with the likelihood ratio test within NONMEM. In addition, relations between genotype and individual pharmacokinetic variable estimates were evaluated with one-way ANOVA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The allele frequencies for the CYP2C8*2, CYP2C8*3, CYP2C8*4, CYP3A4*3, CYP3A5*3C, and ABCB1 3435C>T variants were 0.7%, 9.2%, 2.1%, 0.5%, 93.2%, and 47.1%, respectively, and all were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The population typical value of clearance of unbound paclitaxel was 301 L/h (individual clearance range, 83.7-1055 L/h). The CYP2C8 or CYP3A4/5 genotypes were not statistically significantly associated with unbound clearance of paclitaxel. Likewise, no statistically significant association was observed between the ABCB1 3435C>T variant and any of the studied pharmacokinetic variables.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study indicates that the presently evaluated variant alleles in the CYP2C8, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and ABCB1 genes do not explain the substantial interindividual variability in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Henningsson
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marsh
authors.forename: Walter J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Loos
authors.forename: Mats O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Karlsson
authors.forename: Adam
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Garsa
authors.forename: Klaus
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mross
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mielke
authors.forename: Lucia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Viganò
authors.forename: Alberta
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Locatelli
authors.forename: Jaap
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Verweij
authors.forename: Alex
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sparreboom
authors.forename: Howard L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: McLeod
mesh_terms: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 / Q000235:genetics; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases / Q000235:genetics; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D010597:Pharmacogenetics; D010641:Phenotype; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D044465:White People / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D020168:ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; D000972:Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D001189:Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; C450259:CYP2C8 protein, human; C104464:CYP3A protein, human; C510164:CYP3A5 protein, human; D065727:Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C8; D051544:Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; C510163:CYP3A4 protein, human; D017239:Paclitaxel