title: Gender gap in cerebrovascular accidents: comparison of the extent, severity, and risk factors in men and women aged 45-65.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Few data are available on sex differences among relatively young adult stroke patients. The aim of the present study is to analyze such differences in mortality, principal risk factors, and outcome measures among patients aged 45-65 with acute stroke. The identification of these differences is indispensable for developing optimal strategies for the prevention and care of this disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Retrospective study of 114 women and 190 men, aged 45-65 years, hospitalized from 1990 to 1998 in the Hadassah Medical Centers with confirmed CVA. Medical background, clinical presentation, imaging results, risk factors, lifestyle information, and rehabilitative status data were retrieved from medical records. No gender differences were observed in clinical presentation or imaging studies. In-hospital mortality rate among women was higher than men, 13.2% vs. 5.8%. A significant gender gap in comorbidity with diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia was found: 29.1% of women vs. 14.3% of men. Men more than women had a history of ischemic heart disease (35.8% vs. 21.9%) and smoking and alcohol consumption (43.9% vs. 16.4%; 6.9% vs. 0.9%). Use of rehabilitative services was similar between the sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study shows marked gender differences among younger adult stroke patients. The concomitance of multiple risk factors in the women may have contributed to the observed higher mortality rate. Characterization of risk factors for CVA in both sexes may aid in developing prevention strategies to reduce stroke incidence in this age group.
authors.affiliation: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital-Mt. Scopu, Jerusalem, Israel.
authors.forename: Drorith
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hochner-Celnikier
authors.forename: Orly
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Manor
authors.forename: Batya
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Garbi
authors.forename: Tova
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chajek-Shaul
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000453:epidemiology; D007557:Israel / Q000453:epidemiology; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D020521:Stroke / Q000453:epidemiology*