title: Resistance after single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis emerges in a high proportion of Malawian newborns.
abstract: The administration of single-dose nevirapine to women in labor and their infants can prevent HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. We examined nevirapine resistance in infants who were HIV-1 infected despite single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis, including 18 Ugandan infants (HIVNET 012 trial, nine subtype A and nine subtype D) and 23 Malawian infants (NVAZ trial, all subtype C). Nevirapine resistance was more frequent in infants with subtype C than with subtypes A and D (87 versus 50%, P = 0.016).
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.
authors.forename: Susan H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Eshleman
authors.forename: Donald R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: Shu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Sarah E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Hudelson
authors.forename: Laura A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Guay
authors.forename: Anthony
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mwatha
authors.forename: Susan A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Fiscus
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Mmiro
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Musoke
authors.forename: J Brooks
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Jackson
authors.forename: Newton
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kumwenda
authors.forename: Taha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taha
mesh_terms: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000635:transmission; D015497:HIV-1; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D018445:Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical / Q000517:prevention & control; D008295:Malawi; D019829:Nevirapine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D019829:Nevirapine