title: End-of-life decisions in delivery room and neonatal intensive care unit.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The increase in neonatal survival in recent decades has been followed by an increase in later disabilities. This has given rise to many new ethical issues. In different countries, efforts are being made to define ethical guidelines regarding withholding or withdrawing intensive care and end-of-life decisions in critically ill newborn infants. These guidelines have to be differentiated from ethical decision-making models which structure the process of decision making for an individual child. Such a framework has been in existence in our clinic for 10 years.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The aims of this study were to evaluate how end-of-life decisions are taken in our perinatal centre and to analyse whether these decisions are consistent with our framework for structured ethical decision making.
  
  
  METHODS
  199 consecutive neonatal deaths over 5 y were evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 157 cases (79%), end-of-life decisions were taken according to our ethical framework; in the remaining 42 cases (21%), the baby died before this could be done. In 92% of cases, parents were involved in the decision and, in all cases but one, agreed with the decision. A patient's life was never intentionally and actively terminated.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In contrast to earlier years, in-hospital death in our clinic is nowadays usually preceded by structured and documented medical end-of-life decisions.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Neonatology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland. romaine.arlettaz@usz.ch
authors.forename: Romaine
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arlettaz
authors.forename: Dieto
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mieth
authors.forename: Hans-Ulrich
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Bucher
authors.forename: Gabriel
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Duc
authors.forename: Jean-Claude
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Fauchère
mesh_terms: D003657:Decision Making / Q000941:ethics; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007363:Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; D015931:Intensive Care, Neonatal / Q000941:ethics; D009426:Netherlands; D011379:Prognosis; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013557:Switzerland; D028761:Withholding Treatment / Q000941:ethics