title: Intermittent pneumatic compression of the foot and calf improves the outcome of catheter-directed thrombolysis using low-dose urokinase in patients with acute proximal venous thrombosis of the leg.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is a promising treatment of acute proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) to prevent the postthrombotic syndrome by early removal of thrombus. During CDT for DVT patients, the calf muscle pump is compromised because of immobility. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) can be used to increase venous flow during bed rest. The CDT with IPC may lyse venous thrombus better than CDT alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency and safety of IPC during CDT for DVT using low-dose urokinase.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four patients with proximal DVT confirmed by duplex ultrasonography underwent CDT alone (10 cases) and CDT with IPC and a temporary inferior vena cava filter (14 cases) for 3 to 6 days. Pulmonary emboli (PEs) were assessed by pretreatment and posttreatment pulmonary angiogram or spiral computed tomography of the chest, and in the CDT/IPC patients, a posttreatment inferior vena cavogram was performed. The initial results were evaluated by venogram immediately after CDT, and the late results were evaluated by venous disability score and duplex ultrasonography 6 to 36 months after treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no symptomatic PE in either group. In CDT with IPC, one new asymptomatic PE was found, but there was no large thrombus in the inferior vena cava. The initial thrombolytic results of CDT with IPC were better than those of CDT alone (five cases of complete lysis in the CDT/IPC group and none in the CDT alone group). In the follow-up, the deep veins were patent and competent in 43% (6/14) in the CDT/IPC group, compared with 17% (1/6) in the CDT-alone group. The venous disability score showed that the CDT/IPC group had less disability than the CDT-alone group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pilot study showed that adding IPC to CDT using low-dose urokinase for DVT treatment of the leg resulted in better early and late outcomes compared with CDT alone and was not associated with an increased risk of symptomatic PEs.
authors.affiliation: Fukushima Daiichi Hospital, Cardiovascular Disease Center, Japan. tomo-ogawa@msb.biglobe.ne.jp
authors.forename: Tomohiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogawa
authors.forename: Shunichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoshino
authors.forename: Hirofumi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Midorikawa
authors.forename: Kouichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D048228:Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography; D011152:Popliteal Vein / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013923:Thromboembolism / Q000517:prevention & control; D015912:Thrombolytic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018616:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016306:Vena Cava Filters; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator