title: Acute graft pyelonephritis: a potential cause of acute rejection in renal transplant.
abstract: Acute graft pyelonephritis is a common complication in renal transplant recipients. The consequences of this complication on kidney allograft survival remain controversial. Bacterial infection is likely to activate the immune system, potentially leading to acute or chronic rejection. Here, we report for the first time two documented cases of acute rejection occurring shortly after acute graft pyelonephritis, suggesting that pyelonephritis can initiate acute rejection. The immunologic process leading to the alloimmune response is discussed. These reports suggest that acute rejection should be questioned in case of atypical graft outcome in the context of acute graft pyelonephritis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Audard
authors.forename: Mounia
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amor
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Desvaux
authors.forename: Myriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pastural
authors.forename: Christophe
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Baron
authors.forename: Remy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: Agathe
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pardon
authors.forename: Djamel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dahmane
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lang
authors.forename: Philippe
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grimbert
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology* / Q000382:microbiology; D011704:Pyelonephritis / Q000150:complications* / Q000382:microbiology