title: Maternal coffee and alcohol consumption during pregnancy, parental smoking and risk of childhood acute leukaemia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We investigated the role of maternal alcohol and coffee drinking and parental smoking on the risk of childhood acute leukemia in a multicenter case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 280 incident cases and 288 hospitalized controls, frequency matched with the cases by age, gender and center. Data collection was completed by face-to-face standardized interviews of the case and control mothers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An association with maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was observed with acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) (OR=2.0 [1.4-3.0]) and acute non-lymphoid leukemia (ANLL) (OR=2.6 [1.2-5.8]). Maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy was associated with childhood acute leukemia, ORs increasing in ALL with coffee consumption (OR=1.1 [0.7-1.8], OR=2.4 [1.3-4.7] and OR=3.1 [1.0-9.5], respectively, for < or =3, 4-8 and >8 cups/day). No association with maternal smoking during pregnancy or parental smoking before or after the index child's birth was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results suggest an association with maternal alcohol and coffee drinking during pregnancy and call for further investigations. Besides, the present study does not support the hypothesis of an increase in the risk of childhood leukemia related to parental smoking.
authors.affiliation: INSERM, U170-IFR69 16, av. Paul Vaillant-Couturier, F-94807 VILLEJUIF Cedex, France. menegaux@vjf.inserm.fr
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Menegaux
authors.forename: Christoph
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Steffen
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bellec
authors.forename: André
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Baruchel
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lescoeur
authors.forename: Guy
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leverger
authors.forename: Brigitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Nelken
authors.forename: Noël
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Philippe
authors.forename: Danièle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Sommelet
authors.forename: Denis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Hémon
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Clavel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007938:Leukemia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D018811:Maternal Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009035:Mothers; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D014028:Tobacco Smoke Pollution