title: Mitochondrial DNA determines androgen dependence in prostate cancer cell lines.
abstract: Prostate cancer progresses from an androgen-dependent to androgen-independent stage after androgen ablation therapy. Mitochondrial DNA plays a role in cell death and metastatic competence. Further, heteroplasmic large-deletion mitochondrial DNA is very common in prostate cancer. To investigate the role of mitochondrial DNA in androgen dependence of prostate cancers, we tested the changes of normal and deleted mitochondrial DNA in accordance with the progression of prostate cancer. We demonstrated that the androgen-independent cell line C4-2, established by inoculation of the androgen-dependent LNCaP cell line into castrated mice, has a greatly reduced amount of normal mitochondrial DNA and an accumulation of large-deletion DNA. Strikingly, the depletion of mitochondrial DNA from androgen-dependent LNCaP resulted in a loss of androgen dependence. Reconstitution of normal mitochondrial DNA to the mitochondrial DNA-depleted clone restored androgen dependence. These results indicate that mitochondrial DNA determines androgen dependence of prostate cancer cell lines. Further, mitochondrial DNA-deficient cells formed tumors in castrated athymic mice, whereas LNCaP did not. The accumulation of large deletion and depletion of mitochondrial DNA may thus play a role in the development of androgen independence, leading to progression of prostate cancers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205-7199, USA. mhiguchi@uams.edu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kudo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakawa
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sawyer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gotoh
mesh_terms: D000728:Androgens / Q000172:deficiency / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D002459:Cell Fusion; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000235:genetics; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D017384:Sequence Deletion
chemical_list: D000728:Androgens; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial