title: Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The association between consumption of fruit and vegetables and risk of ovarian cancer is still unclear from a prospective point of view.
  
  
  METHODS
  Female participants (n = 325,640) of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study, free of any cancer at baseline, were followed on average for 6.3 years to develop ovarian cancer. During 2,049,346 person-years, 581 verified cases of primary, invasive epithelial ovarian cancer were accrued. Consumption of fruits and vegetables as well as subgroups of vegetables, estimated from validated dietary questionnaires and calibrated thereafter, was related to ovarian cancer incidence in multivariable hazard regression models. Histologic subtype specific analyses were done.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total intake of fruit and vegetables, separately or combined, as well as subgroups of vegetables (fruiting, root, leafy vegetables, cabbages) was unrelated to risk of ovarian cancer. A high intake of garlic/onion vegetables was associated with a borderline significant reduced risk of this cancer. The examination by histologic subtype indicated some differential effects of fruit and vegetable intake on ovarian cancer risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, a high intake of fruits and vegetables did not seem to protect from ovarian cancer. Garlic/onion vegetables may exert a beneficial effect. The study of the histologic subtype of the tumor warrants further investigation.
authors.affiliation: German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14458 Nuthetal, Germany. mschulz@mail.dife.de
authors.forename: Mandy
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Petra H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Lahmann
authors.forename: Heiner
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Boeing
authors.forename: Kurt
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Naomi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Timothy J A
authors.initials: TJ
authors.lastname: Key
authors.forename: Sheila
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bingham
authors.forename: Elisabet
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wirfält
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Berglund
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lundin
authors.forename: Göran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hallmans
authors.forename: Annekatrin
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lukanova
authors.forename: Carmen
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martínez Garcia
authors.forename: Carlos A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Maria J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Tormo
authors.forename: José R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Quirós
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ardanaz
authors.forename: Nerea
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Larrañaga
authors.forename: Eiliv
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lund
authors.forename: Inger T
authors.initials: IT
authors.lastname: Gram
authors.forename: Guri
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Skeie
authors.forename: Petra H M
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: Carla H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: van Gils
authors.forename: H Bas
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Bueno-de-Mesquita
authors.forename: Frederike L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Büchner
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasanisi
authors.forename: Rocco
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Galasso
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Palli
authors.forename: Rosario
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tumino
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vineis
authors.forename: Antonia
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Trichopoulou
authors.forename: Victoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kalapothaki
authors.forename: Dimitrios
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Trichopoulos
authors.forename: Jenny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang-Claude
authors.forename: Jakob
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Linseisen
authors.forename: Marie Christine
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boutron-Ruault
authors.forename: Marina
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Touillaud
authors.forename: Françoise
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Clavel-Chapelon
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olsen
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tjønneland
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Overvad
authors.forename: Mette
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tetsche
authors.forename: Mazda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jenab
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norat
authors.forename: Rudolph
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kaaks
authors.forename: Elio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riboli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004032:Diet; D016021:Epidemiologic Studies; D005060:Europe / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005638:Fruit; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008019:Life Style; D008875:Middle Aged; D009749:Nutrition Surveys; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D014675:Vegetables