title: Arginine vasopressin in 316 patients with advanced vasodilatory shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on hemodynamic, clinical, and laboratory variables and to determine its adverse side effects in advanced vasodilatory shock.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 316 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  AVP infusion (4 units/hr).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cardiocirculatory, laboratory, and clinical variables were evaluated before, 0.5, 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hrs after administration of AVP. AVP increased mean arterial pressure, systemic vascular resistance, and stroke volume index. Heart rate, central venous pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, norepinephrine, milrinone, and epinephrine requirements decreased. There was no difference in the hemodynamic response between patients with septic shock, postcardiotomy shock, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Cardiac index decreased in 41.1% of patients during AVP treatment. In patients with hyperdynamic circulation before AVP, cardiac index decreased, whereas it remained uncharged or tended to increase in patients with normodynamic or hypodynamic circulation. During the course of AVP treatment, liver enzymes (28.5% of patients) and total bilirubin concentrations (69.3% of patients) increased, whereas platelet count decreased (73.4% of patients). Simultaneous hemofiltration significantly contributed to the decrease in platelet count (p < .001) and increase in bilirubin (p < .001). Whereas patients with an increase in bilirubin were more likely to die, a decrease in cardiac index or platelet count and an increase in liver enzymes did not affect mortality. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome as admission diagnosis, a high degree of multiple organ dysfunction, and norepinephrine requirements of >0.5 microg x kg x min before AVP treatment were independent risk factors for death from advanced vasodilatory shock treated with AVP. If norepinephrine dosages exceeded 0.6 microg x kg x min before AVP treatment, a substantial increase in mortality occurred.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Supplementary AVP infusion improved cardiocirculatory function in advanced vasodilatory shock, but an increase in liver enzymes and bilirubin, and a decrease in platelet count occurred during AVP therapy, particularly during simultaneous hemofiltration. Initiation of AVP infusion before norepinephrine requirements exceeding 0.6 microg x kg x min may improve outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria.
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luckner
authors.forename: Martin W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Dünser
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jochberger
authors.forename: Viktoria D
authors.initials: VD
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Volker
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Wenzel
authors.forename: Hanno
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ulmer
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schmid
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Knotzer
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Pajk
authors.forename: Walter
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hasibeder
authors.forename: Andreas J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Mayr
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Friesenecker
mesh_terms: D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001127:Arginine Vasopressin