title: Overexpression of the insulin receptor inhibitor PC-1/ENPP1 induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
abstract: The ectoenzyme PC-1 is an insulin receptor inhibitor that is elevated in cells and tissues of humans with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have recently shown that acute PC-1 overexpression in liver causes insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mice (3), but the chronic effects of PC-1 overexpression on these functions are unknown. Herein we produced transgenic mice overexpressing the potent q allele of human PC-1 in muscle and liver. Compared with controls, these mice had 2- to 3-fold elevations of PC-1 content in liver and 5- to 10-fold elevations in muscle. In the fed state, the PC-1 animals had 100 mg/dl higher glucose levels and sixfold higher insulin levels compared with controls. During glucose tolerance tests, these PC-1 animals had peak glucose levels that were >150 mg/dl higher than controls. In vivo uptake of 2-deoxy-d-glucose in muscle during insulin infusion was decreased in the PC-1 animals. These in vivo data support the concept, therefore, that PC-1 plays a role in insulin resistance and hyperglycemia and suggest that animals with overexpression of human PC-1 in insulin-sensitive tissues may be important models to investigate insulin resistance.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco 94143-1616, USA.
authors.forename: Betty A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Maddux
authors.forename: Yow-Ning
authors.initials: YN
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Accili
authors.forename: Owen P
authors.initials: OP
authors.lastname: McGuinness
authors.forename: Jack F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Youngren
authors.forename: Ira D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Goldfine
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D006943:Hyperglycemia / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism; D006946:Hyperinsulinism / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D011755:Pyrophosphatases / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D010727:Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; C065962:ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1; D011755:Pyrophosphatases; D005947:Glucose