title: Office bladder distention with electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is equivalent to distention under general anesthesia (GA).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bladder distention is commonly used in diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). Traditionally performed in the operating room under general or spinal anesthesia (GA), it is expensive and associated with short term morbidity. Office bladder distention using electromotive drug administration (EMDA) has been suggested as an alternative that is well tolerated by patients. We report the first comparative findings of patients undergoing both office distention with EMDA and distention in the operating room (OR) with GA.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective chart review identified 11 patients participating in two protocols of EMDA bladder distention who also underwent bladder distention under GA either prior to or after the EMDA procedure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The median absolute difference in bladder capacity between GA and EMDA was only 25 cc; the median percent difference was 5%. Cystoscopic findings, while not prospectively compiled, appear to have been similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study represents the first comparison between distention with EMDA versus GA and confirms the technical feasibility of performing bladder distention in an office setting. The distention capacity achieved in the office was nearly identical to that in the OR and the cystoscopic findings very similar. Further investigation into the comparative morbidity, cost, and other outcome measures is warranted to define the ultimate role of EMDA bladder distention in the clinical evaluation and care of patients with IC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, California, USA. amyrose@stanford.edu
authors.forename: Amy E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: Kathryn J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Christopher K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Payne
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D018856:Cystitis, Interstitial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003950:Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009819:Office Visits; D012189:Retrospective Studies