title: What makes an ad a cigarette ad? Commercial tobacco imagery in the lesbian, gay, and bisexual press.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the extent of commercial tobacco imagery in the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) press.
  
  
  METHODS
  Content analysis of all advertising containing tobacco related text or imagery in 20 LGB community periodicals, published between January 1990 and December 2000.
  
  
  RESULTS
  3428 ads were found: 689 tobacco product ads, 1607 ads for cessation products or services, 99 ads with a political message about tobacco, and 1033 non-tobacco ads that showed tobacco (NAST). Although cessation ads were numerically dominant, tobacco product ads and NAST occupied more space and were more likely to use images. NAST almost never had an anti-tobacco message. Formal sponsorship between tobacco and other companies was very rare. Lesbian periodicals had proportionally more NAST and fewer cessation ads.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cigarette ads were outnumbered by NAST. Although these ads do not usually show brands, and are unlikely to be the result of formal sponsorship agreements, they may be "selling" smoking. Tobacco control advocates should persuade editors to refuse tobacco product ads and those with gratuitous tobacco imagery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Box 0612, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. Libby.Smith@ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Elizabeth A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Naphtali
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Offen
authors.forename: Ruth E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Malone
mesh_terms: D000329:Advertising / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D001727:Bisexuality; D005260:Female; D006716:Homosexuality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010506:Periodicals as Topic; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D019460:Tobacco Industry; D014481:United States