title: Exfoliated buccal and microdissected lung cell expression of antioxidant enzymes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  An exfoliated buccal cell biomarker assay for antioxidant gene transcript levels was used to measure inter-tissue concordance with lung, and inter-subject variability in a lung cancer case-control study.
  
  
  METHODS
  First, qualitative RNA-specific RT-PCR was used to compare expression in exfoliated buccal cells with that in laser microdissected lung tissue remote from the tumor from 14 individuals providing both specimens.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was complete [100% for quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)], or predominant [85.7% for catalase (CAT)] inter-tissue concordance for qualitative expression. Second, quantitative real-time RT-PCR for antioxidant enzyme transcript levels was performed in exfoliated buccal samples from these same 14 individuals, as well as 28 additional individuals providing buccal cells only, for a total of 42 buccal specimens (19 current smokers and 23 ex- or never-smokers), of whom 26 (61.39%) had a new diagnosis of lung cancer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Wide inter-individual expression differences for each gene transcript (>10(1)-10(4)-fold) were observed in the exfoliated buccal cells, unrelated to smoking and case-control status. In multivariate analyses, family history of tobacco-related malignancy correlated inversely with buccal NQO1 and CAT mRNA levels (p=0.003, p<0.001, respectively). This antioxidant expression trait may relate to family risk of cancer, but is notably unrelated to oxidant challenges inherent in cigarette smoke.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Human Toxicology and Molecular Epidemiology, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, USA.
authors.forename: Shalini V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Ritu
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jain
authors.forename: Katherine
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mokhiber
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Venezia
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sheehan
authors.forename: Simon D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Spivack
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000378:metabolism*; D002374:Catalase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D002610:Cheek / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008168:Lung / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D042282:Microdissection; D009061:Mouth Mucosa / Q000166:cytology / Q000201:enzymology*; D011808:Quinone Reductases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; C000606290:SOD1 protein, human; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D000072105:Superoxide Dismutase-1; D011808:Quinone Reductases