title: Effect of aging on blood pressure in Leh, Ladakh, a high-altitude (3524 m) community, by comparison with a Japanese town.
abstract: The effect of aging on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was investigated in a cross-sectional study in the high-altitude community of Leh, Ladakh (altitude: 3524 m) and a Japanese community in U town, Hokkaido (altitude: 25 m). BP and HR were obtained in a sitting position from 332 subjects 13-81 years of age in Ladakh, and from 216 Japanese citizens, 24-79 years of age. Measurements were taken after a 2-min rest, using a semi-automated BP device (UA-767 PC, A and D Co. LTD, Tokyo). High-altitude people showed higher diastolic BP and HR values than lowland people (83.2 vs. 76.9 mmHg and 78.6 vs. 69.2 bpm, P < 0.001), but no difference in systolic BP. Highland people also showed a steeper BP increase with age than the lowland people (systolic BP: 0.7476 vs. 0.3179 mmHg/year, P < 0.0005; diastolic BP: 0.3196 vs. 0.0750 mmHg/year, P < 0.001). This chronoecologic investigation in Ladakh examined the circulation as a physiological system at high-altitude. Our data indicate the need for a more comprehensive cardiovascular assessment for a better diagnosis and a more fruitful treatment. Longitudinal observations of effects of socio-ecologic factors on the cardiovascular system should help prevent strokes and other cardiovascular events, especially at high altitude.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Medical Center East, Division of Neurocardiology and Chronoecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Nishiogu 2-1-10, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8567, Japan. otsukagm@dnh.twmu.ac.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Norboo
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Higuchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hayajiri
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Narushima
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsugoshi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wada
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishine
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okumiya
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsubayashi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Choygal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Angchuk
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ichihara
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cornélissen
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Halberg
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000531:Altitude; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000502:physiology*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India / Q000453:epidemiology; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged