title: No gender-associated differences of cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in stable renal transplant patients treated with diltiazem.
abstract: Cytochrome-P450 enzymes metabolize cyclosporine both in the liver and in the intestinal wall. Diltiazem, by competitive inhibition of these enzymes, may increase the absorption and the bioavailability of cyclosporine. Some evidence points to a higher activity of some specific enzymes in women, such as CYP3A, that may influence differences in cyclosporine pharmacokinetics. We examined possible gender-associated differences in pharmacokinetic profiles of cyclosporine in 19 stable renal transplant recipients cotreated with diltiazem. Ten women and nine men, chronically using diltiazem associated with cyclosporine, azathioprine, and prednisone were randomly assigned to an 8-week period of continued controlled treatment with diltiazem (10 patients) or a wash-out period discontinuing diltiazem (nine patients). At the end of this period, the time-concentration curves of cyclosporine in the first 4 hours were performed after a single dose of cyclosporine. Thereafter, a cross-over between groups was performed, and time-concentration curves repeated. A specific RIA was used to measure cyclosporine concentrations. Comparisons between male and female patients in doses of cyclosporine and other pharmacokinetics parameters (C(0), C(2), AUC(0-4)), with or without diltiazem, did not show any difference related to gender. The association of diltiazem allowed a similar degree of reduction in Neoral dosage in male and female patients (21%). No changes in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, potassium, uric acid, or blood pressure, or other adverse event were observed during the study. In these groups of patients, gender was not an important factor to be considered when diltiazem is added to cyclosporine therapy.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, School of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Regional Valdivia, Universidad Austral de Chile, PO Box 567, Valdivia, Chile. claudioaros@uach.cl
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Aros
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Ardiles
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Flores
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Alruiz
authors.forename: V R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Jerez
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mezzano
mesh_terms: D019540:Area Under Curve; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016572:Cyclosporine / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D012727:Sex Characteristics
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016572:Cyclosporine; D004110:Diltiazem