title: Wavelet-based characterization of spectral fluctuations in normal, benign, and cancerous human breast tissues.
abstract: Fluorescence intensity fluctuations in the visible wavelength regime in normal, benign, and cancerous human breast tissue samples are studied through wavelet transform. The analyses have been carried out in unpolarized, parallel and perpendicularly polarized channels, for optimal tissue characterization. It has been observed that polarized fluorescence data, particularly the perpendicular components, differentiate various tissue types quite well. Wavelet transform, because of its ability for multiresolution analysis, provides the ideal tool to separate and characterize fluctuations in the fluorescence spectra at different scales. We quantify these differences and find that the fluctuations in the perpendicular channel of the cancerous tissues are more randomized as compared to their normal counterparts. Furthermore, for cancerous tissues, the same is very well described by the normal distribution, which is not the case for normal and benign samples. It has also been observed that, up to a certain point, fluctuations at larger scales are more sensitive to tissue types. The differences in the average, low-pass wavelet coefficients of normal, cancerous, pericanalicular, and intracanalicular benign tissues are also pointed out.
authors.affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India.
authors.forename: Sharad
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Maya S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Nair
authors.forename: Asima
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Nrusingh C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Biswal
authors.forename: Nidhi
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Asha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Agarwal
authors.forename: Prasanta K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Panigrahi
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000465:Algorithms; D001185:Artificial Intelligence; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003936:Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor