title: Soft tissue response to a new austenitic stainless steel with a negligible nickel content.
abstract: This study evaluates the soft tissue response to a new austenitic stainless steel with a low nickel content (P558) in comparison with a conventional stainless steel (SSt)and a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Previous findings showed its in vitro biocompatibility by culturing P558 with healthy and osteoporotic osteoblasts and its in vivo effectiveness as bone implant material. Regarding its use as a material in osteosynthesis,P558 biocompatibility when implanted in soft tissues, as subcutis and muscle, was assessed. Disks and rods of these metals were implanted in rat subcutis and in rabbit muscle, respectively. Four and twelve weeks post surgery implants with surrounding tissue were retrieved for histologic and histomorphometric analysis: fibrous capsule thickness and new vessel formation were measured. Around all implanted materials, light microscopy highlighted a reactive and fibrous capsule formation coupled with ongoing neoangiogenesis both in rats and in rabbits. Histomorphometric measurements revealed a stronger inflammatory response,in terms of capsule thickness,surrounding SSt implants (9.8% Ni content) both in rat subcutis and in rabbit muscle independently of shape and site of implantation. A progressive decrease in capsule thickness around P558 (<0.02% Ni content) and Ti6Al4V, respectively, was seen. Regarding new vessel density, the data showed a different response dependent on the site of implantation. However,in the light of the previous and present studies, P558 is a good material, instead of titanium alloys, in orthopedic research.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Experimental Surgery, Research Institute Codivilla-Putti, Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna--Italy.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tschon
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fini
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Giavaresi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Borsari
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lenger
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernauer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chiesa
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cigada
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Chiusoli
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giardino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008422:Materials Testing; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology*; D009220:Myositis / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000737:chemistry; D011817:Rabbits; D013193:Stainless Steel / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel