title: Influence of surgical resection and post-operative complications on survival following adjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer in the ESPAC-1 randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The influence of type of surgery and occurrence of post-operative complications on survival following adjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer are uncertain.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cox proportional hazard modelling was used to investigate the influence of type of surgery and the presence of complications on survival in conjunction with clinico-pathological variables in the 550 patients of the ESPAC-1 adjuvant randomized controlled trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Standard Kausch-Whipple (KW) was performed in 282 (54%) patients, 186 (35%) had a pylorus-preserving (PP) KW, 39 (7%) had a distal pancreatectomy and 21 (4%) had a total pancreatectomy. Post-operative complications were reported in 140 (27%) patients. PP-KW patients survived longer with a median (95% CI) survival of 19.9 (17.3, 23.1) months compared to 14.8 (13.0, 16.7) for KW patients (chi(2)(LR) = 15.1, p < 0.001). KW patients were more likely however to have R1 margins (67 (24%) vs. 29 (16%), chi(2) = 4.59, p = 0.032), poorly differentiated tumours (70 (26%) vs. 19 (10%), chi(2) = 18.65, p < 0.001) and positive lymph nodes (165 (60%) vs. 81 (44%), chi(2) = 11.32, p < 0.001). Post-operative complications did not significantly affect survival. Independent prognostic factors were tumour grade, nodal status and tumour size but not type of surgery or post-operative complications. There was a survival benefit for chemotherapy irrespective of the type of surgery or post-operative complications.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The KW and PP-KW procedures did not significantly influence the hazard of death in the presence of tumour staging, demonstrating that ESPAC-1 surgeons showed good judgement in their choice of operation. Post-operative complications did not adversely affect the survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Surgical Department, Endocrine and Pancreatic Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Stocken
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Olah
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Friess
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Buckels
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hickey
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dervenis
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Dunn
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Deakin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ghaneh
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Neoptolemos
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Buchler
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017024:Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D013505:Digestive System Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018714:Radiotherapy, Adjuvant; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil