Insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease: the role of PPARgamma activators beyond their anti-diabetic action.
Over the past few years it has been recognised that insulin resistance (IR) is an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular events. In addition, IR is associated with other factors such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia and endothelial dysfunction, and this cluster of metabolic disorders contributes to the cardiovascular risk of patients with IR. Given the increasing number of patients with IR, the modulation of their cardiovascular risk is a major task in diabetology and vascular medicine. This review will focus on the role of IR as a cardiovascular risk factor and on the potential of activators of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) to modulate these risk factors associated with IR.
Walcher
Daniel
D
University of Ulm, Robert-Koch-Str. 8, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Marx
Nikolaus
N
D000818:Animals; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D050171:Dyslipidemias / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D006487:Hemostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000819:agonists* / Q000378:metabolism; D012307:Risk Factors; D045162:Thiazolidinediones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014657:Vasculitis / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control
D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D047495:PPAR gamma; D045162:Thiazolidinediones