title: Self-help treatment for insomnia: a randomized controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Insomnia is a prevalent health complaint that often remains untreated. Several interventions are efficacious but they are not widely available. This study evaluated the efficacy of a self-help behavioral intervention for insomnia.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study used a 2 (conditions; self-help treatment, no treatment control) x 3 (assessments; pretreatment, posttreatment, 6-month follow-up) mixed factorial design.
  
  
  METHODS
  This study was part of a larger epidemiologic study conducted with a randomly selected sample of 2001 adults of the province of Quebec in Canada.
  
  
  METHODS
  One-hundred ninety-two adults (n = 127 women, 65 men; mean age, 46 years) with insomnia, selected from a larger community-based epidemiologic sample, were randomly assigned to self-help treatment (n = 96) or no-treatment control (n = 96).
  
  
  METHODS
  The self-help intervention included 6 educational booklets mailed weekly to participants and providing information about insomnia, healthy sleep practices, and behavioral sleep scheduling and cognitive strategies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Participants completed sleep diaries and questionnaires at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month follow-up. Significant but modest improvements were obtained on subjective sleep parameters for treatment but not control participants. Treated participants averaged nightly gains of 21 minutes of sleep and a reduction of 20 minutes of wakefulness, with a corresponding increase of 4% in sleep efficiency. Improvements were also obtained on measures of insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index) and of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and those changes were maintained at follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A self-help behavioral intervention was effective in alleviating a broad range of insomnia symptomatology in a community sample. Self-help may be a promising approach to make effective intervention more widely available.
authors.affiliation: Ecole de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada. cmorin@psy.ulaval.ca
authors.forename: Charles M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Morin
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Beaulieu-Bonneau
authors.forename: Mélanie
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: LeBlanc
authors.forename: Josée
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Savard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires