title: Interaction of CmeABC and CmeDEF in conferring antimicrobial resistance and maintaining cell viability in Campylobacter jejuni.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the role of CmeDEF in conferring antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and examine the interaction of CmeABC and CmeDEF in mediating antimicrobial resistance and maintaining cell viability.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single and double mutants of cmeF and cmeB were generated in multiple strains using insertional mutagenesis. The mutants were compared with their wild-type strains for antimicrobial susceptibility and growth characteristics. Transcription fusion was used to quantify the expression of cmeDEF and cmeABC. Ethidium bromide (EB) accumulation assay was used to measure the efflux function.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Insertional mutagenesis of the cmeF gene in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 resulted in a 2-fold decrease in the resistance to ampicillin, polymyxin B and EB, whereas the same mutation in C. jejuni 81-176 and 21190 led to a 2-4-fold increase in the resistance to multiple antimicrobials and toxic compounds. The increased resistance in the cmeF mutants of 81-176 and 21190 was associated with the elevated efflux in the mutants. Compared with the cmeB mutant, the cmeF/cmeB double mutants of 81-176 and 21190 showed further decrease in the resistance to various antimicrobials and toxic compounds. Transcription fusion assay indicated that the expression level of cmeF was substantially lower than that of cmeB. Notably, the cmeB/cmeF double mutation, not the single mutations, impaired cell viability in Campylobacter.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CmeDEF interacts with CmeABC in conferring antimicrobial resistance and maintaining cell viability in C. jejuni. CmeABC is the predominant efflux pump in C. jejuni, whereas CmeDEF plays a secondary role in conferring intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Masato
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Akiba
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Yi-Wen
authors.initials: YW
authors.lastname: Barton
authors.forename: Qijing
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Zhang
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016123:Campylobacter jejuni / Q000235:genetics*; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics*; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D050576:Membrane Fusion Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D050296:Microbial Viability / Q000235:genetics*; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D001616:beta-Galactosidase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D050576:Membrane Fusion Proteins; D001616:beta-Galactosidase