title: Insulin signalling downstream of protein kinase B is potentiated by 5'AMP-activated protein kinase in rat hearts in vivo.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  5'AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin stimulate glucose transport in heart and muscle. AMPK acts in an additive manner with insulin to increase glucose uptake, thereby suggesting that AMPK activation may be a useful strategy for ameliorating glucose uptake, especially in cases of insulin resistance. In order to characterise interactions between the insulin- and AMPK-signalling pathways, we investigated the effects of AMPK activation on insulin signalling in the rat heart in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Male rats (350-400 g) were injected with 1 g/kg 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) or 250 mg/kg metformin in order to activate AMPK. Rats were administered insulin 30 min later and after another 30 min their hearts were removed. The activities and phosphorylation levels of components of the insulin-signalling pathway were subsequently analysed in individual rat hearts.
  
  
  RESULTS
  AICAR and metformin administration activated AMPK and enhanced insulin signalling downstream of protein kinase B in rat hearts in vivo. Insulin-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) beta, p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K)(Thr389) and IRS1(Ser636/639) were significantly increased following AMPK activation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of heightened insulin responses of GSK3beta and p70S6K following AMPK activation. In addition, we found that AMPK inhibits insulin stimulation of IRS1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, and that AMPK activates atypical protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in the heart.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data are indicative of differential effects of AMPK on the activation of components in the cardiac insulin-signalling pathway. These intriguing observations are critical for characterisation of the crosstalk between AMPK and insulin signalling.
authors.affiliation: INSERM U145, IFR 50, Faculty of Medicine, Avenue de Valombrose, 06107,, Nice Cedex 2, France. vanobbeg@unice.fr
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Longnus
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ségalen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Giudicelli
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sajan
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Farese
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Van Obberghen
mesh_terms: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D008297:Male; D008687:Metformin / Q000494:pharmacology; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes / Q000502:physiology*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / Q000502:physiology; D010750:Phosphoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000502:physiology*; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012265:Ribonucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D055372:AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; D001786:Blood Glucose; D038362:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; D000071679:Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; D007328:Insulin; D055504:Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins; D008687:Metformin; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D009097:Multienzyme Complexes; D019869:Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; D010750:Phosphoproteins; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D012265:Ribonucleotides; D038762:Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; C526296:Irs1 protein, rat; C000605508:Gsk3b protein, rat; C031143:AICA ribonucleotide