title: Preservation from left ventricular remodeling by front-integrated revascularization and stem cell liberation in evolving acute myocardial infarction by use of granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (FIRSTLINE-AMI).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Considering experimental evidence that stem cells enhance myocardial regeneration and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) mediates mobilization of CD34+ mononuclear blood stem cells (MNCCD34+), we tested the impact of G-CSF integrated into primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) management of acute myocardial infarction in man.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty consecutive patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were subjected to primary PCI stenting with abciximab and followed up for 6 months; 89+/-35 minutes after successful PCI, 25 patients were randomly assigned in this pilot study (PROBE design) to receive subcutaneous G-CSF at 10 microg/kg body weight for 6 days in addition to standard care, including aspirin, clopidogrel, an ACE inhibitor, beta-blocking agents, and statins. By use of CellQuest software on peripheral blood samples incubated with CD45 and CD34, mobilized MNCCD34+ were quantified on a daily basis. With homogeneous demographics and clinical and infarct-related characteristics, G-CSF stimulation led to mobilization of MNCCD34+ to between 3.17+/-2.93 MNCCD34+/microL at baseline and 64.55+/-37.11 MNCCD34+/microL on day 6 (P<0.001 versus control); there was no indication of leukocytoclastic effects, significant pain, impaired rheology, inflammatory reactions, or accelerated restenosis at 6 months. Within 35 days, G-CSF and MNCCD34+ liberation led to enhanced resting wall thickening in the infarct zone of between 0.29+/-0.22 and 0.99+/-0.32 mm versus 0.49+/-0.29 mm in control subjects (P<0.001); under inotropic challenge with dobutamine (10 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), wall motion score index showed improvement from 1.66+/-0.23 to 1.41+/-0.21 (P<0.004 versus control) and to 1.35+/-0.24 after 4 months (P<0.001 versus control), respectively, coupled with sustained recovery of wall thickening to 1.24+/-0.31 mm (P<0.001 versus control) at 4 months. Accordingly, resting wall motion score index improved with G-CSF to 1.41+/-0.25 (P<0.001 versus control), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter to 55+/-5 mm (P<0.002 versus control), and ejection fraction to 54+/-8% (P<0.001 versus control) after 4 months. Morphological and functional improvement with G-CSF was corroborated by enhanced metabolic activity and 18F-deoxyglucose uptake in the infarct zone (P<0.001 versus control).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  G-CSF and mobilization of MNC(CD34+) after reperfusion of infarcted myocardium may offer a pragmatic strategy for preservation of myocardium and prevention of remodeling without evidence of aggravated restenosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Rostock, School of Medicine, Rostock, Germany.
authors.forename: Hüseyin
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ince
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Petzsch
authors.forename: Hans Dieter
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Kleine
authors.forename: Heike
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: Tim
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rehders
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Körber
authors.forename: Carl
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Schümichen
authors.forename: Mathias
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Freund
authors.forename: Christoph A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Nienaber
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D005260:Female; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019650:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D018579:Patient Selection; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D012008:Recurrence; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D020257:Ventricular Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D019788:Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor