Relative adrenal insufficiency in patients with septic shock: comparison of low-dose and conventional corticotropin tests.
OBJECTIVE
To compare a low-dose (1 microg) corticotropin stimulation test with the more standard (250 microg) test for the diagnosis of relative adrenal insufficiency.


METHODS
Diagnostic study.


METHODS
Thirty-one-bed mixed medico-surgical department of intensive care.


METHODS
Forty-six consecutive patients with septic shock.


METHODS
Corticotropin stimulation tests (low-dose test, 1 microg, and standard 250-microg test), performed consecutively at an interval >4 hrs.


RESULTS
In each test, serum cortisol levels were measured before (T0) and 30 (T30), 60 (T60), and 90 (T90) mins after corticotropin injection. The maximal increase in cortisol (Deltamax) was calculated as the difference between T0 and the highest cortisol value at T30, T60, or T90 and considered as adequate if >9 microg/dL (250 nmol/L). Nonresponders to the low-dose test had a lower survival rate than responders to both tests (27 vs. 47%, p = .06; Kaplan Meier curves). Interestingly, nonresponders to high-dose test received hydrocortisone treatment and had a similar survival to responders. Multivariable logistic regression disclosed that the response to the combined low-dose test and high-dose test was an independent predictor of survival (odds ratio 28.91, 95% confidence interval 1.81-462.70, p = .017), whereas basal or maximal cortisol levels in both tests were not.


CONCLUSIONS
The low-dose test identified a subgroup of patients in septic shock with inadequate adrenal reserve who had a worse outcome and would have been missed by the high-dose test. These patients may also benefit from glucocorticoid replacement therapy.
Siraux
Valérie
V
Department of Intensive Care, Erasme University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium.
De Backer
Daniel
D
Yalavatti
Gangadhar
G
Mélot
Christian
C
Gervy
Christine
C
Mockel
Jean
J
Vincent
Jean-Louis
JL
D000309:Adrenal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000368:Aged; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007362:Intensive Care Units; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000097:blood*
D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D000324:Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; D006854:Hydrocortisone