title: Enalapril preserves sinus node function in a canine atrial fibrillation model induced by rapid atrial pacing.
abstract: RESULTS
  Seventeen beagles were pretreated with either placebo (group I, n = 9) or enalapril 1 mg/kg/day (group II, n = 8) and paced at 500/min from the right atrial appendage for 4 weeks. Every week, corrected sinus node recovery time (CSNRT) and sinus cycle length (SCL) were measured. Quantitative analysis of interstitial fibrosis (IF) and adipose tissue (AT) in the SN was performed with Masson's trichrome stain, and apoptosis of the sinus nodal cells were detected with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labeling. In group I, rapid atrial pacing prolonged both CSNRT and SCL. After 4 weeks of pacing, CSNRT and SCL were significantly shorter in group II (CSNRT, 410 +/- 37 msec; SCL, 426 +/- 34 msec) than in group I (CSNRT, 717 +/- 52 msec, P < 0.005; SCL, 568 +/- 73 msec, P < 0.05). Both IF and AT of the SN were greater in group I (IF, 9.7 +/- 1.9%; AT, 32.6 +/- 5.9%) than in seven sham dogs (IF, 2.4 +/- 0.9%, P < 0.05; AT, 4.0 +/- 1.7%, P < 0.05) and in group II dogs (IF, 4.0 +/- 2.0%, P < 0.05; AT, 4.0 +/- 1.7%, P < 0.05). End-labeling assay was positive in three of nine dogs in group I, but negative in group II and sham dogs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rapid atrial pacing impaired SN function through IF and AT of the SN. Enalapril prevented these pacing-induced degenerative changes and improved SN function.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakabe
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Fujiki
authors.forename: Kunihiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nishida
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugao
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nagasawa
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Tsuneda
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mizumaki
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Inoue
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D004285:Dogs; D022062:Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; D004656:Enalapril / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012849:Sinoatrial Node / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D004656:Enalapril