title: Widespread endoscopic mucosal resection of the esophagus with strategies for stricture prevention: a preclinical study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection of the esophagus is complicated by stricture formation. Prophylactic measures for avoiding such strictures have not been well studied. The aim of this preclinical study was to assess strategies for prevention of esophageal strictures in a porcine model following widespread endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 18 60-kg pigs were included in the study. The roles of strip width (group 1), prophylactic steroids (group 2), and prophylactic stents (group 3) in the prevention of post-mucosectomy strictures were studied. Six animals were included in each group. Esophageal mucosal resection was achieved using a novel widespread EMR technique previously described by our group. Animals in group 1 underwent partial (50% circumference) mucosal resection without prophylactic measures, while animals in the other two groups underwent circumferential mucosal resection. Animals in group 2 received 80 mg of triamcinolone injected directly into the exposed submucosal tissue (20 mg injection in four quadrants). Animals in group 3 received esophageal metal stents coated with small-intestine submucosa (SIS) that were deployed immediately post-resection. Animals were kept alive for 1 month.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Partial and circumferential widespread EMRs were achieved in all animals. There were no procedural complications. Repeat endoscopy at 1 month showed no strictures in group 1. Only four animals were studied in group 2, owing to the high complication rate (periesophageal abscess in all animals) with one early death. Three of the surviving animals developed mild to tight strictures. In group 3, all animals developed tight strictures; however, there was early stent migration in four animals and premature stent removal in two animals because of persistent vomiting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Partial widespread EMR of the esophagus heals without stricture formation and does not require prophylactic intervention. The use of deep mural steroid injection following a circumferential resection does not appear to prevent strictures and may result in serious adverse events. Short-term use of esophageal stents is inadequate for stricture prevention. However, better results may be anticipated with longer term (at least 6 weeks) stent use.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rajan
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Gostout
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Feitoza
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Knipschield
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Burgart
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chung
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hawes
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalloo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kantsevoy
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pasricha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005938:Glucocorticoids / Q000627:therapeutic use; D023421:Models, Animal; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000601:surgery; D015607:Stents; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D005938:Glucocorticoids