title: Quality of HIV care provided by nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and physicians.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) are primary care providers for patients with HIV in some clinics, but little is known about the quality of care that they provide.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare the quality of care provided by NPs and PAs with that provided by physicians.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  68 HIV care sites, funded by Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency (CARE) Act Title III, in 30 different states.
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors surveyed 243 clinicians (177 physicians and 66 NPs and PAs) and reviewed medical records of 6651 persons with HIV or AIDS.
  
  
  METHODS
  8 quality-of-care measures assessed by medical record review.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustments for patient characteristics, 6 of the 8 quality measures did not statistically significantly differ between NPs and PAs and either infectious disease specialists or generalist HIV experts. Adjusted rates of purified protein derivative testing and Papanicolaou smears were statistically significantly higher for NPs and PAs (0.63 and 0.71, respectively) than for infectious disease specialists (0.53 [P = 0.007] and 0.56 [P = 0.001], respectively) or generalist HIV experts (0.47 [P < 0.001] and 0.62 [P = 0.025], respectively). Nurse practitioners and PAs had statistically significantly higher performance scores than generalist non-HIV experts on 6 of the 8 quality measures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results may not be generalizable to care settings where on-site physician HIV experts are not accessible or to measures of more complex clinical processes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  For the measures examined, the quality of HIV care provided by NPs and PAs was similar to that of physician HIV experts and generally better than physician non-HIV experts. Nurse practitioners and PAs can provide high-quality care for persons with HIV. Preconditions for this level of performance include high levels of experience, focus on a single condition, and either participation in teams or other easy access to physicians and other clinicians with HIV expertise.
authors.affiliation: Tufts-New England Medical Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA. iwilson@tufts-nemc.org
authors.forename: Ira B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Bruce E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Landon
authors.forename: Lisa R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Hirschhorn
authors.forename: Keith
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: McInnes
authors.forename: Lin
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ding
authors.forename: Peter V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Marsden
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Cleary
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000451:nursing / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D009722:Nurse Practitioners / Q000592:standards*; D010823:Physician Assistants / Q000592:standards*; D010820:Physicians / Q000592:standards*; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D011787:Quality of Health Care; D015983:Selection Bias; D014481:United States