title: Single and repeated moderate consumption of native or dealcoholized red wine show different effects on antioxidant parameters in blood and DNA strand breaks in peripheral leukocytes in healthy volunteers: a randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN68505294).
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Red wine (RW) is rich in antioxidant polyphenols that might protect from oxidative stress related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Antioxidant effects after single ingestion of RW or dealcoholized RW (DRW) have been observed in several studies, but results after regular consumption are contradictory. Thus, we examined if single or repeated consumption of moderate amounts of RW or DRW exert antioxidant activity in vivo.
  
  
  METHODS
  Total phenolic content and concentration of other antioxidants in plasma/serum, total antioxidant capacity (TEAC) in plasma as well as DNA strand breaks in peripheral leukocytes were measured in healthy non-smokers A) before, 90 and 360 min after ingestion of one glass of RW, DRW or water; B) before and after consumption of one glass of RW or DRW daily for 6 weeks. DNA strand breaks (SB) were determined by single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet Assay) in untreated cells and after induction of oxidative stress ex vivo with H2O2 (300 microM, 20 min).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both RW and DRW transiently increased total phenolic content in plasma after single consumption, but only RW lead to a sustained increase if consumed regularly. Plasma antioxidant capacity was not affected by single or regular consumption of RW or DRW. Effects of RW and DRW on DNA SB were conflicting. DNA strand breaks in untreated cells increased after a single dose of RW and DRW, whereas H2O2 induced SB were reduced after DRW. In contrast, regular RW consumption reduced SB in untreated cells but did not affect H2O2 induced SB.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that consumption of both RW and DRW leads to an accumulation of phenolic compounds in plasma without increasing plasma antioxidant capacity. Red wine and DRW seem to affect the occurrence of DNA strand breaks, but this cannot be referred to antioxidant effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hemostasis and Tranfusion Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany. barendt@uhnresearch.ca
authors.forename: Bianca M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Arendt
authors.forename: Sabine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ellinger
authors.forename: Klaudia
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kekic
authors.forename: Leonie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Geus
authors.forename: Rolf
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fimmers
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Spengler
authors.forename: Wolfgang-Ulrich
authors.initials: WU
authors.lastname: Müller
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Goerlich
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D020552:Comet Assay; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000187:drug effects*; D000431:Ethanol / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000737:chemistry*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010636:Phenols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D059808:Polyphenols; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D010636:Phenols; D059808:Polyphenols; D000431:Ethanol; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide