Overview of issues pertaining to the manufacture, distribution, and use of antimicrobials in animals and other information relevant to animal antimicrobial use data collection in the United States.
This paper provides condensed literature review and contextual information concerning antimicrobial use in animals and antimicrobial use data collection techniques. Information is summarized into the following topics: (I) antimicrobial use for animal growth promotion; (II) regulatory framework for approval of veterinary antimicrobials and feed additives in the United States; (III) animal health product manufacturing and distribution networks; (IV) existing estimates of animal antimicrobial use in the United States; (V) additional sources for animal use data in the United States; (VI) recommendations from international expert groups; (VII) animal antimicrobial use surveillance systems in other nations and (VIII) human use data collection systems in the United States.
Viola
Christina
C
Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics, 75 Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA. sdvdvm@earthlink.net
DeVincent
Stephen J
SJ
D000821:Animal Feed; D000822:Animal Husbandry / Q000379:methods; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods*; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D005503:Food Additives; D006801:Humans; D014481:United States; D019155:Veterinary Drugs / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005503:Food Additives; D019155:Veterinary Drugs