title: HDL-raising strategies in the treatment of coronary artery disease: perspectives from the Armed Forces Regression Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Even with the aggressive reduction of LDL-cholesterol, the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease remains substantial. The Armed Forces Regression Study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of combination drug therapy aimed at raising HDL-cholesterol in patients with angiographically evident coronary artery disease. Drug therapy ultimately resulted in regression of the angiographic lesions and a reduction in cardiovascular events. This review places the Armed Forces Regression Study within the context of other recent studies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the past few years a number of other important papers have further defined the important role HDL-cholesterol plays in the pathobiology of atherosclerosis. These studies have focused on three general areas: HDL-cholesterol metabolism and the reverse cholesterol transport pathway; novel therapeutic interventions and their effects on coronary artery disease as assessed through non-invasive imaging modalities; and finally a re-analysis of previous outcomes trials with established HDL-cholesterol modifying agents.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the Armed Forces Regression Study fit nicely within the evolving paradigm of targeting HDL-cholesterol in patients at risk of cardiovascular events. The use of niacin and well-tolerated fibrates as an adjunct to statins or as primary therapy in patients intolerant of statins appears reasonable in patients with low levels of HDL-cholesterol and at high risk of cardiovascular events. The further development of novel therapeutic approaches, in addition to broadening our pharmacological armamentarium, should further advance our understanding of HDL-cholesterol.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. krasusr@ccf.org
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Krasuski
mesh_terms: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000097:blood*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000517:prevention & control; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
chemical_list: D000924:Anticholesteremic Agents; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL