title: Audit of diabetes in a renal transplant population.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the prevalence of diabetes and its glycemic control in the renal transplant population of northeast England (Newcastle, Sunderland, Middlesborough, and Carlisle).
  
  
  METHODS
  All renal transplant notes in northeast England were reviewed. Data on patient details, type of diabetes, time of onset of diabetes, diabetes medications, time of insulin commencement, date of renal transplant, immunosuppressive medications, and HbA(1C) were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Living renal transplant patients (n = 1073) transplanted between March 1982 and November 5, 2003 were identified. One hundred and nine (10.2%) patients had diabetes, of whom 39 were type 1 and 70 were type 2. Median HBA(1C) in patients with type 1 diabetes on tacrolimus was 10.1% +/- 1.94% (SD) versus 7.8% +/- 1.98% (SD) for patients not on tacrolimus. Among patients with type 2 diabetes, 25 had diabetes prior to transplant and 45 (4.5%) developed posttransplant diabetes (PTDM). Those who developed PTDM and were taking tacrolimus were more likely to require insulin for blood glucose control (0.39 U/kg/24 hours vs 0 U/kg/24 hours; P = .05) compared to those not on tacrolimus. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetics on tacrolimus showed better preservation of renal function as measured by mean serum creatinine (type 1: 145 +/- 53 vs 196 +/- 74, P = .02; type 2 pretransplant: 159 +/- 73 vs 172 +/- 59, P = .35; type 2 posttransplant: 123 +/- 35 vs 167 +/- 63, P = .01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tacrolimus use in renal transplant patients with diabetes appeared to be associated with more problematic blood glucose control; however, it seemed to be better at preserving renal function. Intensive blood glucose monitoring is recommended for this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal and Liver Transplant, The Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom. yewtohwong@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Y T
authors.initials: YT
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Del-Rio-Martin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Jaques
authors.forename: J A M
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Shaw
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Talbot
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology; D004739:England; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000276:immunology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008485:Medical Audit; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016559:Tacrolimus / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D016559:Tacrolimus