title: The negative prognostic synergism of anemia and heart disease in female nursing home residents.
abstract: This study assessed functional and cognitive status, hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and heart disease from chart reviews in 441 female nursing home residents (mean age 86.8 +/- 7.5 years) and correlated the findings with 1-year survival. Independent predictors of outcome were older age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13 to 2.73), Barthel index (HR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.62), and the combined presence of anemia (hemoglobin < or =11 g/dl) and heart disease (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.50 to 7.47). Survival rates were 92% in the reference group with neither anemia nor heart disease, 91% in anemic subjects without heart disease, 87% in nonanemic patients with heart disease, and 72% in women with the 2 conditions (p <0.001). Anemia is highly prevalent in this population and when present in subjects with heart disease determines a threefold increase in mortality risk.
authors.affiliation: CNR Clinical Physiology Institute, Milan, Italy. renata_de_maria@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Renata
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Maria
authors.forename: Vittorino
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ripamonti
authors.forename: Riccardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sandri
authors.forename: Aldo Pisani
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Ceretti
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ferratini
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000740:Anemia / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D002423:Cause of Death; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D009735:Nursing Homes; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine