title: Efficacy of IGR compound Starycide 480 SC (Triflumuron) against mosquito larvae in clear and polluted water.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  An environmental friendly formulation Starycide 480 SC (Triflumuron-OMS-2015 ), a new insect growth regulator with chitin synthesis inhibitor type mode of action was evaluated against mosquito larvae in laboratory and small-scale field trials carried out in and around Delhi.
  
  
  METHODS
  The formulation was tested in laboratory for its bio-efficacy against late III instar mosquito larvae of different species using WHO bioassay procedure. In the field formulation was sprayed at doses of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 ppm (g/m3) in the natural breeding habitats of Anopheles and Culex mosquitoes. The impact was assessed by monitoring densities of larvae by dipper and observing the reduction in larval density and inhibition of adult emergence.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the laboratory, formulation was more effective against larvae of Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti than Culex quinquefasciatus, but it produced 100% inhibition of adult emergence for all mosquito species at a concentration of 0.02 ppm. In the field trials, formulation did not produce 100% reduction in the density of late stage larvae even at 1 ppm (g/m3), the highest dose tested, but it resulted in 100% inhibition of pupal formation of both Anopheles and Culex spp in different types of habitats for 3-7 weeks even at a lower dose of 0.5 ppm.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Application of triflumuron in the natural breeding habitats in both clean and polluted water @ 0.5 ppm (g/m3) resulted in complete inhibition of adult emergence of both Anopheles and Culex spp for 3-7 weeks. This formulation may be tested in large-scale field trials for further use in the vector control programme.
authors.affiliation: Malaria Research Centre (ICMR), Nanak Enclave, Delhi, India. cpbatra2003@yahoo.com
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: P K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Mittal
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Adak
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ansari
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001549:Benzamides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009033:Culicidae / Q000187:drug effects*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005618:Fresh Water / Q000737:chemistry; D007194:India; D007303:Insect Vectors / Q000187:drug effects*; D007306:Insecticides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007605:Juvenile Hormones / Q000633:toxicity*; D007814:Larva / Q000187:drug effects; D009026:Mortality; D013045:Species Specificity; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001549:Benzamides; D007306:Insecticides; D007605:Juvenile Hormones; C023957:triflumuron