title: Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity in Portuguese children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify risk factors for overweight and obesity in Portuguese children.
  
  
  METHODS
  A cross-sectional study of children 7 to 9.5 y old was performed between October 2002 and June 2003. A total of 2,274 girls and 2,237 boys were observed. Weight and height were measured, and parents filled out a questionnaire about family characteristics. Overweight and obesity, using age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) cut-off points as defined by the International Obesity Taskforce, were used.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age and sex, the odds ratio for childhood obesity increased by television viewing (reference 0-2 h; 2-3 h: 1.51; 3-4 h: 1.72; 4 h: 1.63), paternal obesity (reference <18.5 kg/m(2); 25.0-29.9: 3.06; 30.0: 7.09), maternal obesity (reference <18.5 kg/m(2); 25.0-29.9: 9.06; 30.0: 18.13) and birthweight (reference <2,500 g; 2,500-3,000 g: 1.55; 3,000-3,500 g: 1.87; 3,500-4,000 g: 2.13; 4,000 g: 2.74), and decreased by sleeping duration (reference 8 h/d; 9-10 h/d: 0.44; 11 h/d: 0.39), paternal education (reference primary school; secondary: 0.91; university: 0.42), maternal education (reference primary school; secondary: 1.13; university: 0.56), being a single child (reference yes; no: 0.56) and family size (reference one child; two children: 0.59; three children: 0.44; more than four children: 0.37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data support the perspective that education about energy intake and energy expenditure should be used much earlier in those families with high-risk children, namely those with high parental BMI or high birthweight. Protective factors were parental education and family size.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Antropologia, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. cpadez@antrop.uc.pt
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Padez
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mourão
authors.forename: Pedro
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moreira
authors.forename: Vitor
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Rosado
mesh_terms: D015992:Body Mass Index; D002648:Child; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D050177:Overweight; D010290:Parents; D011174:Portugal / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors