title: The dental pulp: inflammatory markers and vital bleaching.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the expression of specific neuropeptides associated with inflammation, substance-P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), after night guard vital bleaching with 10% carbamide peroxide gel.
  
  
  METHODS
  10 patients with four caries free premolars scheduled for orthodontic extraction had these teeth bleached with 10% Opalescence as follows: tooth #28, no treatment (control); #5, 4 days of bleaching; #12, 2 weeks of bleaching; #21, 2 weeks of bleaching, followed by 2 weeks without treatment. All teeth in the four groups were extracted at the same time. Immediately after extraction the teeth were frozen at -197 degrees C in liquid nitrogen. The pulp samples were prepared for enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the concentrations of the SP, CGRP and total protein in the pulp tissue.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The analysis of mean SP and mean CGRP/ng protein/ml resulted in no significant differences among the four groups. It was concluded that the study did not demonstrate an increase in the release of SP and/or CGRP during night guard vital bleaching of teeth with 10% Opalescence.
authors.affiliation: San Mateo Branch Clinic, U.S. Navy, Camp Pendelton, CA, USA.
authors.forename: Orlando J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Fugaro
authors.forename: Jessica O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Fugaro
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Matis
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Gregory
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cochran
authors.forename: Ivar
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mjör
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D002648:Child; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D020078:Neurogenic Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced*; D016877:Oxidants / Q000633:toxicity; D010545:Peroxides / Q000633:toxicity; D013373:Substance P / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014073:Tooth Bleaching / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014508:Urea / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D016877:Oxidants; D010545:Peroxides; D000077463:Carbamide Peroxide; D013373:Substance P; D014508:Urea; D015740:Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide