title: Environmental and psychosocial correlates of physical activity in Portuguese and Belgian adults.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate differences in reported physical activity levels and in perceived environmental and psychosocial correlates of activity between Portuguese and Belgian adults; and to analyse the relative contribution of environmental and psychosocial variables in explaining physical activity within different contexts in Portugal and Belgium.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  One city in Portugal (Oeiras) and one in Belgium (Ghent).
  
  
  METHODS
  In total 526 participants, 247 from Portugal and 279 from Belgium, completed the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire and a validated questionnaire on environmental and psychosocial correlates.
  
  
  RESULTS
  For the sum of all activities of at least moderate intensity, a significantly higher mean level of activity was found in Belgian adults (P < 0.001). However, comparable percentages of the Belgian (38%) and Portuguese (42%) samples did not meet the recommendation of 30 min per day. The variance explained by environmental factors was lower (1% to 8%) than by psychosocial factors (maximum 42%). Regression analyses showed activity-specific relations with environmental variables which were analogous in both countries. Walking/cycling for transportation and walking for recreation were related to social support from family and/or friends and to walkability and walking facilities in the neighbourhood. Recreational physical activity was mainly determined by social support, self-efficacy, and perceived benefits and barriers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Activity campaigns addressing psychosocial determinants are needed to encourage leisure-time activity, while a combination of neighbourhood design changes and encouragement of social support in walking is warranted to increase walking in different contexts.
authors.affiliation: Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Watersportlaan 2, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Ilse.Debourdeaudhuij@Ugent.be
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: De Bourdeaudhuij
authors.forename: Pedro J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Teixeira
authors.forename: Greet
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cardon
authors.forename: Benedicte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Deforche
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001530:Belgium; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004777:Environment; D015444:Exercise / Q000502:physiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006293:Health Promotion; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D011174:Portugal; D011998:Recreation; D012044:Regression Analysis; D020377:Self Efficacy; D012944:Social Support; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires