title: Trends in the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum: a 30-year population-based study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The risk for venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or postpartum is uncertain.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To estimate the relative and absolute risk for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during pregnancy and postpartum and to describe trends in incidence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Population-based inception cohort study using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project.
  
  
  METHODS
  Olmsted County, Minnesota.
  
  
  METHODS
  Women with deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism first diagnosed between 1966 and 1995, including women with venous thromboembolism during pregnancy or the postpartum period (defined as delivery of a newborn no more than 3 months before the deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism event date, including delivery of a stillborn infant after the first trimester).
  
  
  METHODS
  The authors obtained yearly counts of live births in Olmsted County between 1966 and 1995 from the Minnesota Department of Health.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The relative risk (standardized incidence ratio) for venous thromboembolism among pregnant or postpartum women was 4.29 (95% CI, 3.49 to 5.22;P < 0.001), and the overall incidence of venous thromboembolism (absolute risk) was 199.7 per 100,000 woman-years. The annual incidence was 5 times higher among postpartum women than pregnant women (511.2 vs. 95.8 per 100,000), and the incidence of deep venous thrombosis was 3 times higher than that of pulmonary embolism (151.8 vs. 47.9 per 100,000). Pulmonary embolism was relatively uncommon during pregnancy versus the postpartum period (10.6 vs. 159.7 per 100,000). Over the 30-year study period, the incidence of venous thromboembolism during pregnancy remained relatively constant whereas the postpartum incidence of pulmonary embolism decreased more than 2-fold.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the Olmsted County population was 98% white and of non-Hispanic ethnicity, the results may not be generalizable to other ethnicities.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among pregnant women, the highest risk period for venous thromboembolism and pulmonary embolism in particular is during the postpartum period. Any prophylaxis against these events should be particularly targeted to postpartum women. Although the incidence of pulmonary embolism has decreased over time, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis remains unchanged, indicating the need to better identify pregnant women at increased risk.
authors.affiliation: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Heit
authors.forename: Catie E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Kobbervig
authors.forename: Andra H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: Tanya M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Petterson
authors.forename: Kent R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Bailey
authors.forename: L Joseph
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Melton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D008910:Minnesota / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance; D011247:Pregnancy; D011249:Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011644:Puerperal Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011655:Pulmonary Embolism / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D020246:Venous Thrombosis / Q000453:epidemiology*