title: Psychiatric disorders and mental health service use in patients with advanced cancer: a report from the coping with cancer study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychological morbidity has been proposed as a source of distress in cancer patients. This study aimed to: 1) determine the prevalence of diagnosable psychiatric illnesses, and 2) describe the mental health services received and predictors of service utilization in patients with advanced cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a cross-sectional, multi-institutional study of 251 eligible patients with advanced cancer. Eligibility included: distant metastases, primary therapy failure, nonpaid caregiver, age > or =20 years, stamina for the interview, English or Spanish-speaking, and adequate cognitive ability. Trained interviewers administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) modules for Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and a detailed questionnaire regarding mental health service utilization.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, 12% met criteria for a major psychiatric condition and 28% had accessed a mental health intervention for a psychiatric illness since the cancer diagnosis. Seventeen percent had discussions with a mental health professional; 90% were willing to receive treatment for emotional problems. Mental health services were not accessed by 55% of patients with major psychiatric disorders. Cancer patients who had discussed psychological concerns with mental health staff (odds ratio [OR] = 19.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 8.90-41.50) and non-Hispanic white patients (OR = 2.7; 95% CI, 1.01-7.43) were more likely to receive mental health services in adjusted analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Advanced cancer patients experience major psychiatric disorders at a prevalence similar to the general population, but affected individuals have a low rate of utilizing mental health services. Oncology providers can enhance utilization of mental health services, and potentially improve clinical outcomes, by discussing mental health concerns with their patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. nina.kadan-lottick@yale.edu
authors.forename: Nina S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Kadan-Lottick
authors.forename: Lauren C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Vanderwerker
authors.forename: Susan D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Block
authors.forename: Baohui
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Holly G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Prigerson
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008603:Mental Health; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000473:pathology*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy; D015995:Prevalence; D011336:Probability; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012737:Sex Factors; D019452:Terminally Ill; D016896:Treatment Outcome