title: Orienting and alerting: effect of 24 h of prolonged wakefulness.
abstract: It is well known that a decrease in vigilance can easily occur during 24 h of continuous wakefulness, but no study has assessed whether and in what way extended wakefulness might affect spatial orienting. In other words, it is not clear what happens when a subject has to orient his attention during a state of poor vigilance, resulting from sleep loss or sustained wakefulness. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue. Twelve right-handed male subjects participated in the experiment, which took place on two consecutive days. On the first day, in order to evaluate baseline orienting attention, the subjects performed a covert orienting task (in which the cue stimuli generated endogenous shifts of attention), lasting 20 min; on the second day, during 24 h of prolonged wakefulness, the same task was performed 12 times, about every 120 min, beginning at 10.00 a.m. Results showed an overall slowing of reaction time across the sessions, indicating a linear decrease of vigilance. However, this vigilance decrease did not seem to affect attention-orienting mechanisms, suggesting that the two systems are independent of each other.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università degli Studi di Roma La Sapienza, Via dei Marsi, 78, 00185, Rome, Italy. casagrande@uniromal.it
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Casagrande
authors.forename: Diana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Martella
authors.forename: Enrico
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Di Pace
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Pirri
authors.forename: Francesco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guadalupi
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology*; D003463:Cues; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology*; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010775:Photic Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D014794:Visual Fields; D014851:Wakefulness