title: Perception of facial and vocal affect by people with schizophrenia in early and late stages of illness.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Emotion recognition impairments have been demonstrated in schizophrenia, but few studies have examined whether these reflect generalised or specific perceptual deficits or are associated with illness course.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To examine the nature of emotion recognition abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia at different stages of illness.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the performance of 50 in-patients with early-stage schizophrenia, 50 with chronic schizophrenia and 50 healthy controls on the Benton Facial Recognition Test, Facial Emotion Recognition Test and Voice Emotion Recognition Test.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with chronic schizophrenia were significantly more impaired than other groups on the emotional tasks, even after controlling for impairments in non-emotional stimuli. Individual emotion recognition accuracy for the two sensory modalities was not significantly positively correlated for either group with schizophrenia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia are trait features of the disorder and increase with illness duration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AF, UK.
authors.forename: Katarzyna
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kucharska-Pietura
authors.forename: Anthony S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: David
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Masiak
authors.forename: Mary L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Phillips
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001307:Auditory Perception; D002908:Chronic Disease; D018450:Disease Progression; D004644:Emotions; D005145:Face; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D011581:Psychological Tests; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012737:Sex Factors; D014796:Visual Perception; D014831:Voice