title: Aggressive surgical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma remains a great challenge to surgeons because of its low resectability, poor survival, and high operative mortality and morbidity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The medical and pathological records of 36 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of 'resectable' hilar cholangiocarcinoma operated on by us between January 1998 and December 2002 were studied. The clinical presentations, operative records, and pathology results were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-six patients (72%) underwent resection with curative intent. Apart from resection of the extrahepatic biliary tree and porta hepatis lymph node dissection, 85% received concomitant en-bloc liver resection and 4% received ex situ liver resection and auto-transplantation. The margin of resection was negative (R0 resection) in 73% of patients, and microscopically positive (R1 resection) in the remaining 27%. The 30-day hospital mortality was 7.6%. Of the patients, 42% had major postoperative complications. The median survival was 20 months, with the longest survival 75 months. The 1-, 3- and 5-year actuarial overall survival rate after resection with curative intent was 77%, 31%, and 12%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year actuarial overall survival after R0 resection was 84%, 42%, and 16%, respectively. Tumour recurrence occurred in 58% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Aggressive surgery increases the resectability of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. R0 resection provides the only chance of long-term survival of these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR.
authors.forename: Eric C H
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Wan Yee
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Lau
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D018281:Cholangiocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D015996:Survival Rate; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous