title: Assessment of statistical change criteria used to define significant change in neuropsychological test performance following cardiac surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This paper compares four techniques used to assess change in neuropsychological test scores before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), and includes a rationale for the classification of a patient as overall impaired.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 55 patients were tested before and after surgery on the MicroCog neuropsychological test battery. A matched control group underwent the same testing regime to generate test-retest reliabilities and practice effects. Two techniques designed to assess statistical change were used: the Reliable Change Index (RCI), modified for practice, and the Standardised Regression-based (SRB) technique. These were compared against two fixed cutoff techniques (standard deviation and 20% change methods).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The incidence of decline across test scores varied markedly depending on which technique was used to describe change. The SRB method identified more patients as declined on most measures. In comparison, the two fixed cutoff techniques displayed relatively reduced sensitivity in the detection of change.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall change in an individual can be described provided the investigators choose a rational cutoff based on likely spread of scores due to chance. A cutoff value of > or =20% of test scores used provided acceptable probability based on the number of tests commonly encountered. Investigators must also choose a test battery that minimises shared variance among test scores.
authors.affiliation: Research Concentration in Biological and Medical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. p.raymond@optusnet.com.au
authors.forename: Paul D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: Anton D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hinton-Bayre
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Radel
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: Neville A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Marsh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015233:Models, Statistical; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D011184:Postoperative Period