Immunotherapy for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes.
A major effort has been on-going to develop immunotherapies to prevent and/or treat type 1 diabetes (T1D). This autoimmune disease is characterized by the selective loss of the insulin-producing beta cells via the cumulative effects of autoantigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, autoantibodies, and activated antigen-presenting cells. To be applicable in a clinical setting, immunotherapies must suppress established beta-cell autoimmunity. Preclinical studies and recent clinical findings suggest that antigen-specific and systemic-based strategies can be effective in this regard. However, either approach alone may not be sufficient to block the diabetogenic response and establish long-term protection in the clinic. In this review, we will discuss the importance of both strategies and how a combinatorial approach to treat T1D is appealing.
Goudy
Kevin S
KS
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
Tisch
Roland
R
D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D017252:CD3 Complex / Q000276:immunology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy / Q000379:methods; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D050417:Insulin-Secreting Cells / Q000276:immunology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D016688:Mice, Inbred NOD; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000276:immunology
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D017252:CD3 Complex; D016753:Interleukin-10