title: Safety implications regarding use of phytomedicines.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Since the approach of the general population to phytomedicine is that the therapy therapy is natural and therefore safe, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of herbal compounds, alone or in combination with traditional drugs, and the appearance of side-effects among a sample of Italian women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Our research was conducted over a 5-month period in the outpatient ambulatories of an urban university general hospital. The sample population consisted of women who were interviewed about phytotherapy use on the basis of a pre-structured questionnaire.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among 1,063 women contacted, 1,044 completed the interview and 491 (47%) reported taking at least one herbal compound in the last year; 272 women (55.4%) consumed only phytomedicines, while 219 (44.6%) also took traditional drugs. Seventy-three different herbal products were used, 32 were consumed in association with traditional drugs. Forty-seven of 491 (9.6%) women reported side-effects, 22 after taking only phytomedicines (8.1%), 25 in combination with traditional drugs (11.4%). The observed adverse manifestations included the following: gastrointestinal after dandelion, propolis or fennel; cardiovascular after liquorice, ginseng, and green tea; dermatological after propolis, thyme, arnica, and passionflower; and neurological after guarana and liquorice. Drugs taken in association and potentially involved in adverse reactions were NSAIDs, antibiotics, benzodiazepines, antihypertensives and oral contraceptives. In some cases (n=5), side-effects were so serious to justify an admission to the hospital. In 29/47 of cases (61.7%), the adverse reaction was not communicated to the doctor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm that herbal products are largely taken on a self-treatment basis, and users have the conviction that these therapies are natural and therefore safe.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine & Public Health, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, 37134, Verona, Italy. laura.cuzzolin@univr.it
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cuzzolin
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Zaffani
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Benoni
mesh_terms: D004363:Drug Utilization; D005260:Female; D041743:Herb-Drug Interactions; D006760:Hospitalization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006801:Humans; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing