title: Roles of AKT and sphingosine kinase in the antiapoptotic effects of bile duct ligation in mouse liver.
abstract: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor- and Fas-mediated apoptosis are major death processes of hepatocytes in liver disease. Although antiapoptotic effects in the injured liver promote chronic hepatitis and carcinogenesis, scant information is known about these mechanisms. To explore this issue, we compared acute liver injury after TNF-alpha or anti-Fas antibody (Jo2) between livers from sham-operated mice and chronic injured liver via bile duct ligation (BDL). BDL inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TNF-alpha but not by Jo2. On the other hand, BDL inhibited the massive hemorrhage seen in livers treated with either TNF-alpha or Jo2. Inactivation of AKT blocked the antiapoptotic effect of BDL. Sphingosine kinase knockout mice also lost the antihemorrhagic effect of BDL and attenuated the antiapoptotic effects of BDL. In bile duct-ligated livers, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were activated and produced tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in a sphingosine kinase (SphK)-1-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, BDL exerts antiapoptotic effects that appear to require activation of AKT in hepatocytes and SphK in HSCs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Yosuke
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Osawa
authors.forename: Yusuf A
authors.initials: YA
authors.lastname: Hannun
authors.forename: Richard L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Proia
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brenner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D001652:Bile Ducts; D008026:Ligation; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology*; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000502:physiology; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000502:physiology; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000502:physiology; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt / Q000502:physiology*; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) / Q000502:physiology*; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000502:physiology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000633:toxicity*; D019014:fas Receptor / Q000502:physiology*; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase
chemical_list: D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; D016328:NF-kappa B; D051058:Oncogene Protein v-akt; D017853:Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor); D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D019014:fas Receptor; D000099157:Sphingosine Kinase