title: Glacial-interglacial changes in the occurrence of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in Vostok Antarctic ice from 240 000 to 410 000 years BP.
abstract: Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have been measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in various sections of the 3623 m deep ice core drilled at Vostok, in central East Antarctica. The sections were dated from 240 to 410 kyear BP (Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS) 7.5 to 11.3), which corresponds to the 3rd and 4th glacial-interglacial cycles before present. Concentrations are found to have varied greatly during this 170 kyear time period, with high concentration values during the coldest climatic stages such as MIS 8.4 and 10.2 and much lower concentration values during warmer periods, such as the interglacials MIS 7.5, 9.3 and 11.3. Rock and soil dust were the dominant sources for Pb, whatever the period, and for Zn and Cu and possibly Cd during cold climatic stages. The contribution from volcanic emissions was important for Cd during all periods and might have been significant for Cu and Zn during warm periods.
authors.affiliation: Korea Polar Research Institute, KORDI, Ansan, PO Box 29, Seoul, 425-600, Korea.
authors.forename: Sungmin
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: Claude F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Boutron
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barbante
authors.forename: Soon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Do Hur
authors.forename: Khanghyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gabrielli
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Capodaglio
authors.forename: Christophe P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Ferrari
authors.forename: Clara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turetta
authors.forename: Jean Robert
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Petit
authors.forename: Vladimir Y
authors.initials: VY
authors.lastname: Lipenkov
mesh_terms: D000864:Antarctic Regions; D002980:Climate; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D019015:Geologic Sediments / Q000032:analysis*; D007053:Ice / Q000032:analysis*; D046448:Ice Cover; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D013997:Time Factors; D018707:Volcanic Eruptions
chemical_list: D007053:Ice; D019216:Metals, Heavy