title: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of blastomycosis in dogs and cats.
abstract: Blastomycosis is one of the most common systemic fungal diseases in dogs in North America, but it is rarely diagnosed in cats. The typical route of infection is inhalation of aerosolized conidia of Blastomyces dermatitidis. From the respiratory tract, the developing yeast form may disseminate throughout the body and affect multiple organ systems, most commonly the lymphatic, skeletal and central nervous systems, eyes and skin. Disseminated disease often is associated with nonspecific signs of illness including lethargy, inappetence and fever, as well as signs referable to specific organ systems like chronic cough and dyspnea, peripheral lymphadenopathy, endophthalmitis, and central nervous signs. Diagnosis is typically made by detection of Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast in affected tissues by fine-needle aspiration cytology or histopathology. The treatment of choice is itraconazole. Prognosis is fair in dogs without central nervous disease and guarded in cats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. cbroemel@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: Catharina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brömel
authors.forename: Jane E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sykes
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001759:Blastomycosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary*; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D002371:Cat Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D002415:Cats; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000473:pathology; D004285:Dogs; D011859:Radiography; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents