title: Decreased survival in diabetic patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Prognosis of patients with heart failure (HF) has improved in recent years due to advances in therapy. Whether this is also true for diabetic subjects with HF in clinical practice has not been studied in a prospective manner.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients with HF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction attending the outpatient clinic at our Veteran's Hospital between October 1999 and November 2000 were enrolled in our study and followed prospectively. Electronic medical records were accessed for data on comorbid conditions, medications, echocardiogram results and mortality information. Mean follow-up was 2.7 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 495 patients with HF due to systolic dysfunction enrolled in the study, 293 (59%) had diabetes. Prevalence of hypertension, diuretic use and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use was higher among diabetics. Beta-blocker usage was equal and high in both groups (60%). On follow-up, 109/273 (37%) patients in the diabetic group died, compared with 49/202 (24%) in the non-diabetic group. Independent predictors of death were diabetes (p<0.005, OR=1.73), age at enrollment (p<0.0001, OR=1.06), serum creatinine (p<0.01, OR=1.44) and diuretic use (p=0.038, OR=1.85). Beta-blocker use was associated with a decreased risk of death on univariate analysis only.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our results show that diabetic patients with HF continue to have higher mortality than non-diabetic patients with HF despite advances in therapy.
authors.affiliation: Krannert Institute of Cardiology and VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. masoor.kamalesh@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Masoor
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamalesh
authors.forename: Usha
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Subramanian
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Eckert
authors.forename: M'Hamed
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Temkit
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tierney
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D048909:Diabetes Complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015996:Survival Rate; D013599:Systole; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000503:physiopathology*