title: Elevation of hyaluronidase-1 and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 helps select bladder cancer patients at risk of invasion.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The identification of accurate bladder tumor marker/tests could improve diagnosis, recurrence monitoring and treatment in patients with bladder cancer. This study evaluates the potential usefulness of hyaluronidase-1 (HYAL-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in Egyptian bladder cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 210 tissue, serum and urine specimens were used to investigate HYAL-1 and sICAM-1 expression by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) techniques, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The detection of urinary and tissue HYAL-1 mRNA as well as urinary and circulating sICAM-1 were higher in the malignant than the control group (p <0.0001). In the cancer group, both HYAL-1 and sICAM-1 were significantly correlated with each other and with the patient's age. Also, they were increased in advanced and poorly differentiated tumors (p <0.01). Patients with positive HYAL-1 had elevated sICAM-1 in their serum and urine (p <0.05). Although sometimes statistically insignificant, both markers tended to increase in lymph node and cytology positive than the corresponding negative subgroups. The levels of sICAM-1 (urinary and circulating) were elevated in relation to schistosomal infection (p <0.01). Using receiver operating characteristic curve, the best cut-off values for urinary and circulating sICAM-1 were 110 ng/mg creatinine and 130 ng/mL, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were >80%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Serial monitoring of sICAM-1 (in urine and/or serum) is potentially recommended for selecting patients who are at risk of tumor invasion.
authors.affiliation: Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt. azzaaboghalia@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Azza H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Aboughalia
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018799:Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; D006821:Hyaluronoglucosaminidase