title: Weathering trials of Amulet cue-lure and Amulet methyl eugenol "attract-and-kill" stations with male melon flies and oriental fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Hawaii.
abstract: Amulet C-L (cue-lure) and Amulet ME (methyl eugenol) molded paper fiber "attract-and-kill" dispensers containing fipronil were tested under Hawaiian weather conditions against Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (melon fly) and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (oriental fruit fly), respectively. In paired tests (fresh versus weathered), C-L dispensers were effective for at least 77 d, whereas ME dispensers were effective for at least 21 d. Thus, C-L dispensers exceeded, whereas ME dispensers did not meet the label interval replacement recommendation of 60 d. Addition of 4 ml of ME to 56-d-old ME dispensers restored attraction and kill for an additional 21 d. This result suggested the fipronil added at manufacture was still effective. By enclosing and weathering ME dispensers inside small plastic bucket traps, longevity of ME dispensers was extended up to 56 d. Fipronil ME and C-L dispensers also were compared, inside bucket traps, to other toxicants: spinosad, naled, DDVP, malathion, and permethrin. Against B. dorsalis, fipronil ME dispensers compared favorably only up to 3 wk. Against B. cucurbitae, fipronil C-L dispensers compared favorably for at least 15 wk. Our results suggest that fipronil C-L dispensers can potentially be used in Hawaii; however, fipronil ME dispensers need to be modified or protected from the effects of weathering to extend longevity and meet label specifications. Nonetheless, Amulet C-L and ME dispensers are novel prepackaged formulations containing C-L or ME and fipronil that are more convenient and safer to handle than current liquid insecticide formulations used for areawide suppression of B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae in Hawaii.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 4459, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
authors.forename: Roger I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: John D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: Bruce
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mackey
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bull
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002074:Butanones; D005054:Eugenol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006254:Hawaii; D007300:Insect Control / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones; D011720:Pyrazoles; D033621:Tephritidae
chemical_list: D002074:Butanones; D007306:Insecticides; D010675:Pheromones; D011720:Pyrazoles; C010411:insect attractants; C481839:4-(p-acetoxyphenyl)-2-butanone; C005223:methyleugenol; D005054:Eugenol; C082360:fipronil