title: Concentrations of selective metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides in the United States population.
abstract: We report population-based concentrations (stratified by age, sex, and composite race/ethnicity variables) of selective metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; TCPY), chlorpyrifos methyl (TCPY), malathion (malathion dicarboxylic acid; MDA), diazinon (2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine; IMPY), methyl parathion (para-nitrophenol; PNP), and parathion (PNP). We measured the concentrations of TCPY, MDA, IMPY, and PNP in 1997 urine samples from participants, aged 6-59 years, of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. We detected TCPY in more than 96% of the samples tested. Other organophosphorus pesticide metabolites were detected less frequently: MDA, 52%; IMPY, 29%; and PNP, 22%. The geometric means for TCPY were 1.77 microg/L and 1.58 microg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for TCPY were 9.9 microg/L and 8.42 microg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for MDA were 1.6 microg/L and 1.8 microg/g creatinine. The 95th percentiles for IMPY and PNP were 3.7 microg/L (3.4 microg/g creatinine) and 5.0 microg/L (4.2 microg/g creatinine), respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that children aged 6-11 years had significantly higher concentrations of TCPY than adults and adolescents. Similarly, adolescents had significantly higher TCPY concentrations than adults. Although the concentrations between sexes and among composite racial/ethnic groups varied, no significant differences were observed.
authors.affiliation: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA. dbarr@cdc.gov
authors.forename: Dana B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: Anders O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Olsson
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bravo
authors.forename: Lisa M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Caltabiano
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Montesano
authors.forename: Johnny
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: Simeon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Udunka
authors.forename: Donna
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Walden
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Gayanga
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Weerasekera
authors.forename: Ralph D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Whitehead
authors.forename: Susan E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Schober
authors.forename: Larry L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Needham
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001822:Body Burden; D002648:Child; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010575:Pesticides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D044469:Racial Groups; D012737:Sex Factors; D014018:Tissue Distribution; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D010575:Pesticides