Mitosis: a matter of getting rid of the right protein at the right time.
There are two major problems for the cell to solve in mitosis: how to ensure that each daughter cell receives an equal and identical complement of the genome, and how to prevent cell separation before chromosome segregation. Both these problems are solved by controlling when two specific proteins are destroyed: securin, an inhibitor of chromosome segregation, and cyclin B, which inhibits cell separation (cytokinesis). It has recently become clear that several other proteins are degraded at specific points in mitosis. This review (which is part of the Chromosome Segregation and Aneuploidy series) focuses on how specific proteins are selected for proteolysis at defined points in mitosis and how this contributes to the proper coordination of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis.
Pines
Jonathon
J
Wellcome/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute & Dept of Zoology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK CB2 1QN. j.pines@gurdon.cam.ac.uk
D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D000818:Animals; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D020090:Chromosome Segregation / Q000502:physiology*; D019926:Cyclin B / Q000502:physiology; D048749:Cytokinesis / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D018816:Genes, cdc / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008938:Mitosis / Q000502:physiology*; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D025801:Ubiquitin / Q000502:physiology; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000502:physiology
D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D019926:Cyclin B; D025801:Ubiquitin; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases