title: Profile of amblyopia in a hospital referral practice.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Evaluation of the clinical profile and distribution of different sub-types of amblyopia in a referral eye hospital in India.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective hospital-based observational study, evaluating the clinical profile of patients with amblyopia presenting to a referral strabismology practice. The examination included assessment of the visual acuity, the refractive status, the fixation pattern, the grade of binocularity, and evaluation of the associated strabismus, if any before treatment was started.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The average age of the patients at presentation was 7.97?6.18 years with 81 out of 683 patients (11.8%) presenting above the age of 20 years. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was less than 6/60 in the amblyopic eye in 121 out of 733 eyes (16.5%). Strabismic amblyopia was the most common sub-type of amblyopia seen (274/733 eyes, 37.38%). Though patients with anisometropic amblyopia presented at a later age (average of 10.03+/-6.92 years), they had better visual acuity, binocular functions, and centricity of fixation at all ages, relative to other sub-types of amblyopia. The BCVA did not show any co-relation with the age of presentation [co-relation co-efficient (CF) of 0.074], refractive status of the amblyopic eye (CF of 0.078), the type of amblyopia (CF of 0.196), or the type of strabismus present (CF of 0.079). However, a very significant co-relation was seen between the BCVA and the fixation pattern of the amblyopic eye (CF of 0.817).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Lack of knowledge and awareness about amblyopia and its appropriate timely management has been the main cause for the late presentations and significant visual impairment associated with the condition.
authors.affiliation: Strabismus and Amblyopia Services, Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi. drzia72@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Vimla
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Menon
authors.forename: Zia
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Chaudhuri
authors.forename: Rohit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Kulwant
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Sachdev
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000550:Amblyopia / Q000145:classification* / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006761:Hospitals; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008875:Middle Aged; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013285:Strabismus / Q000150:complications; D015351:Vision Screening