title: Transforming growth factor-beta regulation of epithelial tight junction proteins enhances barrier function and blocks enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7-induced increased permeability.
abstract: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is an enteric pathogen that causes potentially fatal symptoms after intimate adhesion, modulation of intestinal epithelial signal transduction, and alteration of epithelial function (eg, barrier disruption). Although the epithelial barrier is critical to gut homeostasis, only a few agents, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, can enhance or protect epithelial barrier function. Our aims were to delineate the mechanism(s) behind TGF-beta-induced barrier enhancement and to determine whether TGF-beta could prevent EHEC-induced barrier disruption. Using monolayers of the human T84 colonic epithelial cell line, we found that TGF-beta induced a significant increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (a measure of paracellular permeability) through activation of ERK MAPK and SMAD signaling pathways and up-regulation of the tight junction protein claudin-1. Additionally, TGF-beta pretreatment of epithelia blocked the decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance and the increase in transepithelial passage of [(3)H]-mannitol caused by EHEC infection. EHEC infection was associated with reduced expression of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-2 (but not claudin-1 or claudin-4); TGF-beta pretreatment prevented these changes. These studies provide insight into EHEC pathogenesis by illustrating the mechanisms underlying TGF-beta-induced epithelial barrier enhancement and identifying TGF-beta as an agent capable of blocking EHEC-induced increases in epithelial permeability via maintenance of claudin-2, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 levels.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Intestinal Disease Research Programme, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. mckayd@mcmaster.ca
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Howe
authors.forename: Colin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Reardon
authors.forename: Arthur
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Aisha
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nazli
authors.forename: Derek M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: McKay
mesh_terms: D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D062445:Claudin-1; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019453:Escherichia coli O157 / Q000254:growth & development / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D020935:MAP Kinase Signaling System / Q000502:physiology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D019108:Tight Junctions / Q000187:drug effects / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: C568108:CLDN1 protein, human; D062445:Claudin-1; D005419:Flavonoids; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; C093973:2-(2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one