title: [Surgical treatment of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the clinical feature, diagnosis and treatment of primary pulmonary cryptococcosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1996 to 2004, 11 patients with primary pulmonary cryptococcosis were surgical treated and confirmed by histologic study. At the same period, 2715 patients with pulmonary abnormalities received surgery. Their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-four percent (7/11) of the patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. All 11 cases were misdiagnosed as lung cancer or inflammatory or tuberculosis by X-ray and CT scan before surgery. Three cases received fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) scan and their primary pulmonary lesions showed FDG avid. All 11 patients were treated by antibiotics and antituberculosis therapy but no responses appeared. Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis was diagnosed by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy in only 2 cases, but antifungal therapy was not effective. All 11 patients underwent thoracotomy and their pulmonary cryptococcosis were resected. Only 1 patient with multiple nodules received antifungal therapy postoperatively. No recurrence was found in any patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Primary pulmonary cryptococcosis is non-specific and can be confused with lung cancer, tuberculosis, etc. The pulmonary abnormalities should be resected unless the diagnosis is established. Antifungal therapy is not necessary in patients whose abnormality has been resected thoroughly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China. doctorwt@sohu.com
authors.forename: Tao
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-e
authors.initials: YE
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Chang-hai
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Kai
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Zhen-hong
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001707:Biopsy, Needle; D003453:Cryptococcosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008172:Lung Diseases, Fungal / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed