title: Cold urticaria: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: Cold urticaria represents a form of physical urticaria. The disorder is uncommon, and patients with the condition are at risk for systemic reactions and thus must be identified, counseled, and treated accordingly. Diagnosis principally is clinical and is confirmed by the results of cold stimulation tests such as placing an ice cube on the patient's forearm. Treatment primarily consists of preventive counseling, epinephrine autoinjections, and antihistamines. We present the case of a 9-year-old girl with acquired cold urticaria and review the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, 374th Medical Group, Yokota Air Force Base, Tokyo, Japan. mark.lashell@yokota.af.mil
authors.forename: Mark S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: La Shell
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Tankersley
authors.forename: Machiko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D003080:Cold Temperature / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004155:Diphenhydramine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D014581:Urticaria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology*; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D018926:Anti-Allergic Agents; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D004155:Diphenhydramine; D004837:Epinephrine