title: Predictive biological markers for response of invasive breast cancer to anthracycline/cyclophosphamide-based primary (radio-)chemotherapy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The role of biological markers for the prediction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radio-chemotherapy may be evaluated using pathological complete response [pCR] in patients with invasive breast cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  To investigate this, pre-treatment biopsies from 517 patients with locally advanced breast cancer were analyzed for expression of estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PgR], Her-2/neu, epidermal growth factor receptor [EGF-R], p53, Bcl-2 and MIB-1 by immunohistochemistry [IHC], and these data were compared to the pathological response after preoperative epirubicine/cyclophosphamide [EC] chemotherapy (+/- radiotherapy).
  
  
  RESULTS
  pCR was more frequent (28.30%, 56/198) in tumors that received radio-chemotherapy compared to chemotherapy alone (11.9%, 38/319, p < 0.0001). Patients with high grading, lower ER, PgR, Bcl-2 or a higher proliferation had a significantly greater benefit from chemotherapy. The overexpressions of Her2/neu or EGF-R were weakly correlated to pCR, while p53 staining did not have any predictive value. Younger patients, with negative PgR and high proliferation index, had the highest benefit from EC therapy (56% pCR). The different multivariate indices of binary regression, PLS-DA and SIMCA, had similar predictive quality and were slightly superior to univariate factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study emphasizes the value of traditional biological markers and Bcl-2 for use in the individual selection of a primary therapy regimen.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düisseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany. Hans-Bernd.Prisack@uni-duesseldorf.de
authors.forename: Hans-Bernd
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Prisack
authors.forename: Christiaan
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Karreman
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Modlich
authors.forename: Werner
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Audretsch
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Danae
authors.forename: Mahadi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rezai
authors.forename: Hans
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bojar
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D015251:Epirubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008875:Middle Aged; D020360:Neoadjuvant Therapy; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D015251:Epirubicin; D066246:ErbB Receptors; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53