title: In vitro antimicrobial inhibition profiles of Mycoplasma bovis isolates recovered from various regions of the United States from 2002 to 2003.
abstract: Antimicrobial therapy continues to be important in reducing losses due to pneumonic forms of Mycoplasma bovis disease in beef and dairy calves. Although M. bovis diseases have been documented as frequent and economically important in the United States, there are no published reports on the antimicrobial activity of approved compounds against US strains. In this study, the authors report on the activity of 9 different antimicrobials against 223 recently recovered isolates of M. bovis. These isolates represent accessions from 5 geographic regions of the United States and were grouped by 4 tissues of origin (milk, respiratory, joint, or ear and eye). A broth microdilution test was used to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by reading redox changes detected in broth with alamarBlue (resazurin) indicator. For each antimicrobial, the median, MIC50, MIC90, mode, and range were calculated, and the values used for comparisons. In the absence of accepted breakpoint values, published MIC cutoff values for animal mycoplasmas as well as Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute interpretive criteria were used as a reference to define in vitro activity. The MIC values from active antimicrobials were found to distribute independently of region of origin of the isolates or of tissue of origin. Enrofloxacin, florfenicol, and spectinomycin were found to be active compounds in vitro. Oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline were active against more than half of the isolates. Very few isolates were inhibited by tilmicosin and none by erythromycin, ampicillin, or ceftiofur. The antimicrobial profiles determined for these US strains were remarkably similar to those reported for European isolates. However, unlike in Europe, there appears to be no diversity of profiles when US isolates are grouped by region or tissue of origin.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
authors.forename: Ricardo F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Rosenbusch
authors.forename: Joann M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kinyon
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Apley
authors.forename: Nathan D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: Sean
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Lorraine J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Hoffman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D008892:Milk / Q000382:microbiology; D009175:Mycoplasma Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D045682:Mycoplasma bovis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D010078:Oxazines; D012140:Respiratory Tract Diseases / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014481:United States; D014966:Xanthenes
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D010078:Oxazines; D014966:Xanthenes; C005843:resazurin