title: An optical technique for in situ monitoring of trace metals in effluent.
abstract: An optical technique for real time elemental analysis in water environment is evaluated. This is based on laser-induced breakdown in water and the subsequent monitoring of atomic emission lines from the elemental species. Metals, such as copper, lead, iron, sodium etc, in water samples were detected and quantified from their relevant strong atomic emission lines. Experimental results show that metal concentrations in water at a level of a few mg l(-1) are detectable in a non-optimized but versatile experimental system. Elemental constituents in a sample of water effluent from a metal polishing factory for discharge in to streams was analysed and presented. A prototype of a portable system based on original equipment manufacturer's components has been constructed and its potential as a cost-effective effluent discharge monitor for selected elements is evaluated.
authors.affiliation: DEOS, RMCS, Cranfield University, Shrivenham, Swindon, Wilts SN6 8LA, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Fang
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Ahmad
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D007834:Lasers; D008669:Metallurgy / Q000379:methods; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000032:analysis*; D055095:Optics and Photonics; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic / Q000379:methods; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014876:Water Pollution / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical