title: Basic fibroblast growth factor inhibits the anabolic activity of insulin-like growth factor 1 and osteogenic protein 1 in adult human articular chondrocytes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the chondrocyte anabolic activity promoted by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1).
  
  
  METHODS
  Human articular chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads or as cartilage explants in serum-free medium with or without IGF-1 (100 ng/ml), OP-1 (100 ng/ml), or bFGF (0-100 ng/ml). Cell survival, proliferation, proteoglycan synthesis, and total proteoglycan accumulation were measured after 21 days of culture in alginate beads, and proteoglycan synthesis was measured in explants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cell survival was not altered by bFGF at any dose, and chondrocyte proliferation was stimulated only at doses above 1 ng/ml. When combined with IGF-1, 1 ng/ml of bFGF stimulated proliferation to 170% of control, but when combined with IGF-1 and OP-1, proliferation increased to 373% of control. Doses of bFGF of 100 ng/ml decreased total proteoglycan levels accumulated per cell by 60% compared with control and also inhibited the ability of IGF-1 or OP-1 to increase proteoglycan production. Likewise, sulfate incorporation in response to IGF-1 and OP-1 alone or together was completely inhibited by 50 ng/ml bFGF in both alginate and explant cultures.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anabolic activity of IGF-1 and OP-1, alone and in combination, is significantly inhibited by bFGF. The results suggest that excessive release of bFGF from the cartilage matrix during injury, with loading, or in arthritis could contribute to increased proliferation and reduced anabolic activity in articular cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, USA. rloeser@wfubmc.edu
authors.forename: Richard F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Loeser
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Chubinskaya
authors.forename: Carol
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pacione
authors.forename: Hee-Jeong
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Im
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: C525819:BMP7 protein, human; D055419:Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; D019485:Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016222:Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; D007334:Insulin-Like Growth Factor I