title: Increased risk of cardiovascular events with parecoxib/valdecoxib: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the risk of serious cardiovascular events associated with the use of the COX-2 inhibitor valdecoxib and its prodrug parecoxib following major surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  A systematic review and meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomised double-blind clinical trials of IV parecoxib followed by oral valdecoxib treatment, that presented data on serious cardiovascular events. Studies were identified from six databases including Medline and the FDA website on parecoxib/valdecoxib. The main outcome measure was major cardiovascular events. The pooled fixed effects estimates for the odds ratio for risk of cardiovascular events for the use of parecoxib/valdecoxib were calculated using the inverse variance weighting method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Three studies with a total of 2,604 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. Parecoxib/valdecoxib was associated with a significantly increased risk of major cardiovascular events, with an odds ratio of 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.7).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is an increased cardiovascular risk associated with parecoxib/valdecoxib therapy in the post-surgical situation. These findings are consistent with a class effect for COX-2 inhibitors increasing the risk of cardiovascular events.
authors.affiliation: Medical Research Institute of New Zealand, Welllington.
authors.forename: Sarah
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aldington
authors.forename: Philippa
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Shirtcliffe
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Weatherall
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Beasley
mesh_terms: D006348:Cardiac Surgical Procedures; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002561:Cerebrovascular Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007555:Isoxazoles / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000139:chemically induced; D016017:Odds Ratio; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012307:Risk Factors; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides
chemical_list: D016861:Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; D007555:Isoxazoles; D013449:Sulfonamides; C406224:valdecoxib; D000096926:Benzenesulfonamides; C409945:parecoxib