title: Dynamic interleaved 1H/31P STEAM MRS at 3 Tesla using a pneumatic force-controlled plantar flexion exercise rig.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a measurement method for interleaved acquisition of 1H and 31 STEAM localised spectra of exercising human calf muscle.
  
  
  METHODS
  A non-magnetic exercise rig with a pneumatic piston and sensors for force and pedal angle was constructed to enable plantar flexion measured in the 3 T MR scanner, which holds the dual tuned (1H ,31P) surface coil used for signal transmission and reception.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (31) spectra acquired in interleaved mode benefit from higher Signal to noise ratio (factor of 1.34 +/-0.06 for PCr) compared to standard acquisition due to the Nuclear Overhauser effect and substantial PCr/P(i) changes during exercise can be observed in 31P spectra. 1H spectral quality is equal to that in single mode experiments and allows Cr2 changes to be monitored.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The feasibility of dynamic interleaved localised 1H and 31P spectroscopy during plantar flexion exercise has been demonstrated using a custom-built pneumatic system for muscle activation. This opens the possibility of studying the dynamics of metabolism with multi nuclear MRS in a single run.
authors.affiliation: MR Centre of Excellence, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meyerspeer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Krssák
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Kemp
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Roden
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moser
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004867:Equipment Design; D019544:Equipment Failure Analysis; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000502:physiology*; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000502:physiology*; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000032:analysis*; D011312:Pressure
chemical_list: D009211:Myoglobin; D010710:Phosphates