title: Rapid and sensitive determination of indapamide in human blood by liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection: application to a bioequivalence study.
abstract: A rapid and sensitive method using liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection was developed and validated for the determination of indapamide in human blood. Blood samples were extracted with n-hexane-dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) and separation was performed on a Symmetry C18 column (150 x 3.9 mm i.d., 5 microm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water (60:40, v/v). Indapamide and internal standard (propylparaben) were detected by negative electrospray ionization and selected ion recording (SIR) at m/z 364 for indapamide and m/z 179 for propylparaben. This method has a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) 2.0 microg/L with a linear calibration range of 2.0 microg/L to 120 microg/L. The method showed excellent reproducibility with an inter- and intra-assay precision of < 9.4% (% RSD), as well as excellent accuracy with an inter- and intra-assay accuracy of between 98.0 and 102%. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to a bioequivalence study in which 20 healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of 3 mg reference and test sustained-release indapamide formulations, in an open, two-period, randomized crossover protocol. The maximum blood concentrations (C(max)) were 60.3 +/- 22.6 microg/L and 57.6 +/- 18.7 microg/L at 13.1 +/- 6.9 h and 18.3 +/- 7.4 h, the times to reach the peak concentration (T(max)), for the test and reference tablets, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the test tablets was 110.1 +/- 34.5%, compared with the reference tablets. There were no statistically significant differences in the main pharmacokinetic parameters, and the two formulations were judged to be bioequivalent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
authors.forename: Jingling
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Jin
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yin
authors.forename: Zhonggui
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: He
mesh_terms: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002138:Calibration; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D006801:Humans; D007190:Indapamide / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016014:Linear Models; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013810:Therapeutic Equivalency
chemical_list: D000959:Antihypertensive Agents; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007190:Indapamide