Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, the reproducibility of a newly developed pink esthetic score (PES) for evaluating soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns was assessed. The effect of observer specialization was another point of interest.


METHODS
Twenty observers (five prosthodontists, five oral surgeons, five orthodontists and five dental students) were given photographs of 30 single-tooth implant crowns. Seven variables were evaluated vs. a natural reference tooth: mesial papilla, distal papilla, soft-tissue level, soft-tissue contour, alveolar process deficiency, soft-tissue color and texture. Using a 0-1-2 scoring system, 0 being the lowest, 2 being the highest value, the maximum achievable PES was 14. Each observer was requested to make two assessments at an interval of 4 weeks. At the second assessment, the photographs were scored in the reverse order.


RESULTS
The mean PES of evaluations at the first assessment (n=600) was 9.46 (+/-3.81 SD), and 9.24 (+/-3.8 SD) at the second one. The difference between these two means was not significant statistically (P=0.6379). Implant-related mean PES for single-tooth implants varied from 2.28 to 13.8, with standard deviations between 0.46 and 3.51. Very poor and very esthetic restorations showed the smallest standard deviations. The mean total PES was 10.6 for the prosthodontists, 9.2 for the oral surgeons, 9.9 for the dental students and 7.6 for the orthodontists.


CONCLUSIONS
The PES reproducibly evaluates peri-implant soft tissue around single-tooth implants. Thus, an objective outcome of different surgical or prosthodontic protocols can be assessed. Orthodontists were clearly more critical than the other observers.
Fürhauser
Rudolf
R
Department of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. rudolf@fuerhauser.at
Florescu
Dionisie
D
Benesch
Thomas
T
Haas
Robert
R
Mailath
Georg
G
Watzek
Georg
G
D000328:Adult; D003116:Color; D003442:Crowns; D003753:Dental Health Surveys; D003758:Dental Implantation, Endosseous / Q000592:standards*; D019250:Dental Implants, Single-Tooth / Q000592:standards*; D019094:Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported / Q000592:standards*; D004955:Esthetics, Dental; D005260:Female; D005881:Gingiva / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D023861:Photography, Dental; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric