Subnuclear organelles: new insights into form and function.
The cell nucleus is a complex and highly dynamic environment with many functionally specialized regions of substructure that form and maintain themselves in the absence of membranes. Relatively little is known about the basic physical properties of the nuclear interior or how domains within the nucleus are structurally and functionally organized and interrelated. Here, we summarize recent data that shed light on the structural and functional properties of three prominent subnuclear organelles--nucleoli, Cajal bodies (CBs) and speckles. We discuss how these findings impact our understanding of the guiding principles of nuclear organization and various types of human disease.
Handwerger
Korie E
KE
Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. handwerger@wi.mit.edu
Gall
Joseph G
JG
D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D002466:Cell Nucleolus / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D020541:Coiled Bodies / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D006801:Humans; D042581:Intranuclear Space / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D015530:Nuclear Matrix / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D012323:RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; D018271:Signal Recognition Particle / Q000096:biosynthesis
D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D018271:Signal Recognition Particle