title: Digital X-ray radiogrammetry combined with semiautomated analysis of joint space widths as a new diagnostic approach in rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate digital x-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) and the Radiogrammetry Kit program as new diagnostic tools for quantifying disease-related periarticular osteoporosis and for measuring joint space narrowing according to the severity and duration of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Using DXR, we performed computerized calculations of bone mineral density (BMD) and the metacarpal index (MCI) in 258 patients with active RA. Using the Radiogrammetry Kit program, we also performed semiautomated measurements of joint space width (JSW) at the second through the fifth metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints in these patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All correlations between the different parameters of both techniques (BMD and the MCI as measured by DXR and MCP JSW as measured by the Radiogrammetry Kit) were significant (0.36 < or = R < or = 0.63; P < 0.01). As expected, a significant negative association was shown between the different MCP JSW results and the results of all scoring methods (-0.67 < or = R < or = -0.29). The BMD and the MCI measured by DXR both decreased significantly between Steinbrocker stage I and stage IV (by 32.7% and 36.6%, respectively; both P < 0.01). Reductions in the overall (mean) MCP JSW varied from 35.3% (Larsen score) to 52.9% (Steinbrocker stage). Over a period of 6 years, we observed relative decreases in BMD and the MCI as measured by DXR (32.1% and 33.3%, respectively), as well as in the overall (mean) MCP JSW (23.5%), and these were pronounced in early RA (duration <1 year). In addition, excellent reproducibility of DXR and Radiogrammetry Kit parameters was verified (coefficients of variation <1%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  DXR with the integrated Radiogrammetry Kit program could be a promising, widely available diagnostic tool for supplementing the different RA scoring methods with quantitative data, thus allowing an earlier and improved diagnosis of RA and more precision in determining disease progression.
authors.affiliation: Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany. joachim.boettcher@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böttcher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeil
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosholm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrovitch
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malich
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schäfer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Mentzel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Lehmann
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hein
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D015519:Bone Density; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index