title: Sulf-2, a proangiogenic heparan sulfate endosulfatase, is upregulated in breast cancer.
abstract: Sulf-2 is an endosulfatase with activity against glucosamine-6-sulfate modifications within subregions of intact heparin. The enzyme has the potential to modify the sulfation status of extracellular heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) glycosaminoglycan chains and thereby to regulate interactions with HSPG-binding proteins. In the present investigation, data mining from published studies was employed to establish Sulf-2 mRNA upregulation in human breast cancer. We further found that cultured breast carcinoma cells expressed Sulf-2 mRNA and released enzymatically active proteins into conditioned medium. In two mouse models of mammary carcinoma, Sulf-2 mRNA was upregulated in comparison to its expression in normal mammary gland. Although mRNA was present in normal tissues, Sulf-2 protein was undetectable; it was, however, detected in some premalignant lesions and in tumors. The protein was localized to the epithelial cells of the tumors. In support of the possible mechanistic relevance of Sulf-2 upregulation in tumors, purified recombinant Sulf-2 promoted angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy and the UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0452, USA.
authors.forename: Megumi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Morimoto-Tomita
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Uchimura
authors.forename: Annette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bistrup
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Lum
authors.forename: Mikala
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Egeblad
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boudreau
authors.forename: Zena
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Werb
authors.forename: Steven D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Rosen
mesh_terms: D000482:Allantois / Q000098:blood supply; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002823:Chorion / Q000098:blood supply; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D015971:Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D013429:Sulfatases / Q000235:genetics; D015238:Sulfotransferases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D015238:Sulfotransferases; C470792:SULF2 protein, human; D013429:Sulfatases; C021346:heparan sulfate sulfatase