title: Outcomes for endoscopic resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Preliminary data suggest efficacy for the endoscopic approach for sinonasal malignancy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the endoscopic approach for the resection of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective analysis of patients undergoing endoscopic resection of sinonasal SCC from August 1996 to May 2004.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven patients were treated with curative intent. Demographic data, histopathology, extent of tumor involvement, and need for adjunctive radiation or chemotherapy were determined. Local recurrence (LR), distant metastasis, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean age for the patient population was 62.5 (52-85) years with a male:female ratio of 8:3. Multimodality therapy including radiation or chemotherapy was used in 8 of 11 (73%) patients. Seven patients were resected using strictly an endoscopic approach, whereas four required combined endoscopic and neurosurgical resection. LR and distant metastatic rates were 20% and 0%, respectively. OS and DFS were both 91%, with mean follow-up of 31.5 (range 6-88) months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Endoscopic resection in combination with multimodality therapy is an effective method for curative resection of sinonasal SCC. In this preliminary study, it facilitated complete resection with acceptable LR and DFS rates.
authors.affiliation: Section of Nasal and Sinus Disorders, Head and Neck Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Taha Z
authors.initials: TZ
authors.lastname: Shipchandler
authors.forename: Pete S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Batra
authors.forename: Martin J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Citardi
authors.forename: William E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Bolger
authors.forename: Donald C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Lanza
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed