title: Effects of cadmium chloride inhalation on airflow limitation to histamine, carbachol and adenosine 5'-monophosphate assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography in healthy dogs.
abstract: The effects of pharmacological bronchoprovocation on airflow patterns and surrogate respiratory parameters assessed by barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) were investigated in healthy dogs, previously exposed to cadmium chloride inhalation. BWBP-derived respiratory variables were calculated (1) at baseline and (2) following nebulisation of increasing concentrations of histamine, carbachol and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) until enhanced pause (PENH) increased to 300% of baseline (PCPENH300). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology before (BCC) and after (ACC) cadmium chloride inhalation revealed cadmium-induced airway inflammation. Neutrophils increased from 6.7 +/- 7.3% (728 +/- 104/microL) BCC to 77.8 +/- 8.6% (3255 +/- 1407/microL) ACC. PCPENH300 for all three agonists significantly decreased ACC (means+/-SD) as follows: PCPENH300(histamine) 0.72 +/- 0.28 mg/mL BCC, and 0.35 +/- 0.31 mg/mL ACC (P<0.02); PCPENH300(carbachol) 0.34 +/- 0.16 mg/mL BCC, and 0.064 +/- 0.032 mg/mL ACC (P<0.02); PCPENH300(AMP) 1000 mg/mL BCC, and 415 +/- 398 mg/mL ACC (P<0.03). The only clinical sign shown was coughing. It was concluded that airway hyperresponsiveness after induced airway inflammation can be determined by BWBP in conscious small sized dogs. BWBP could be a suitable technique to study the respiratory effects of urban environmental pollution in pets.
authors.affiliation: Department for Small Animals and Horses, Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Veterinary University of Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria. Reinhard.Hirt@vu-wien.ac.at
authors.forename: Reinhard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Hirt
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vondrakova
authors.forename: Abigail Guija
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: de Arespacochaga
authors.forename: Andrea
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gütl
authors.forename: René
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: van den Hoven
mesh_terms: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000633:toxicity*; D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D000818:Animals; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D019256:Cadmium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000633:toxicity*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000633:toxicity*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D006262:Health; D006632:Histamine / Q000633:toxicity*; D007249:Inflammation / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D008297:Male; D010993:Plethysmography, Whole Body / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D006632:Histamine; D002217:Carbachol; D019256:Cadmium Chloride