title: Vesicular stomatitis virus induces apoptosis in the Wong-Kilbourne derivative of the Chang conjunctival cell line.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Virotherapy represents a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of malignant diseases. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been shown to exert antitumor effect in several tumor types. Since the potential oncolytic activity of VSV has not yet been evaluated in epithelial tumors of the conjunctiva, we set out to investigate the susceptibility of the immortalized Wong-Kilbourne derivative of the Chang conjunctival cell line (WK) to VSV and analyze the role of apoptosis in VSV-mediated induction of cell death.
  
  
  METHODS
  WK cells were infected with VSV at various multiplicities and maintained for different periods of time. VSV-infected cells were analyzed by inverted microscopy for the development of cytopathic effects (CPE). Virus replication was measured by indirect immunofluorescence assay, Western blot analysis and plaque titration. The apoptotic response of the infected cells was quantitated by ELISA detecting the enrichment of nucleosomes in the cytoplasm. Western blot analysis was used to determine the levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The WK cell line was highly permissive to VSV replication and was highly susceptible for the CPE of this virus. VSV infection elicited the apoptotic death of WK cells. Mock-infected cells exhibited endogenous expression of Bcl-2 and p21 Bax proteins. VSV infection caused a significant decrease in the expression level of Bcl-2. Moreover, in parallel with a slight decrease in the level of p21 Bax, p18 Bax protein accumulated in VSV-infected WK cells.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VSV is a powerful inducer of apoptosis in immortalized WK cells. The VSV-mediated alterations in the expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins may play important roles in the apoptotic responses of infected cells and may also sensitize to other apoptotic stimuli. This virus may possess oncolytic activity in epithelial tumors of the conjunctiva.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 10-11, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gallyas
authors.forename: György
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Seprényi
authors.forename: Eniko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonkoly
authors.forename: Yvette
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mándi
authors.forename: Lajos
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kemény
authors.forename: Klára
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Megyeri
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D015153:Blotting, Western; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003230:Conjunctival Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology* / Q000821:virology*; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18 / Q000378:metabolism; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 / Q000378:metabolism; D003588:Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; D006801:Humans; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 / Q000378:metabolism; D014721:Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus / Q000254:growth & development / Q000502:physiology*; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014779:Virus Replication; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: C494826:BAX protein, human; C493956:CDKN1A protein, human; C493971:CDKN2C protein, human; D050763:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p18; D050759:Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; D019253:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; D051028:bcl-2-Associated X Protein