From A to Z and back? Multicompartment proteins in the sarcomere.
Sarcomeres, the smallest contractile units of striated muscle, are conventionally perceived as the most regular macromolecular assemblies in biology, with precisely assigned localizations for their constituent proteins. However, recent studies have revealed complex multiple locations for several sarcomere proteins within the sarcomere and other cellular compartments such as the nucleus. Several of these proteins appear to relocalize in response to mechanical stimuli. Here, we review the emerging role of these protein networks as dynamic information switchboards that communicate between the contractile machinery and the nucleus to central pathways controlling cell survival, protein breakdown, gene expression and extracellular signaling.
Lange
Stephan
S
King's College London, Muscle Signalling and Development, The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, London SE1 1UL, UK.
Ehler
Elisabeth
E
Gautel
Mathias
M
D000818:Animals; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000737:chemistry; D002470:Cell Survival; D064211:Connectin; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D009124:Muscle Proteins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012518:Sarcomeres / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015398:Signal Transduction
D064211:Connectin; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D009124:Muscle Proteins; C577285:TTN protein, human; D011494:Protein Kinases