title: Differential proteomic analysis reveals increased cathelicidin expression in porcine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection.
abstract: Accurate definition of respiratory health in pigs is an important problem for swine producers and veterinarians. In an approach to identify potential biomarkers, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-derived proteins from pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae were performed at different time points post infection. Mock-infected pigs were used as a control. It was shown that the antimicrobial peptides, prophenin-2 and PR-39, and the calcium-binding protein calgranulin C were reproducibly upregulated in BALF of pigs chronically infected with A. pleuropneumoniae. Concentrations of PR-39 were significantly (p<0.05) increased in BALF (median of 4.8 nM) but not in serum (median of 2.5 nM) on day 21 after infection. A Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) plot showed that PR-39 in BALF is an accurate and easily accessible marker to detect clinically healthy pigs convalescent from an experimental A. pleuropneumoniae infection. These results imply that PR-39 might have a potential as a general biomarker to determine porcine respiratory health.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Microbiology, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany.
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hennig-Pauka
authors.forename: Ilse
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Jacobsen
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Blecha
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Waldmann
authors.forename: Gerald-Friedrich
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Gerlach
mesh_terms: D000189:Actinobacillus Infections / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D016977:Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D015153:Blotting, Western / Q000662:veterinary; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000737:chemistry*; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional / Q000662:veterinary; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D015964:Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000662:veterinary; D012372:ROC Curve; D011897:Random Allocation; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000382:microbiology*; D015854:Up-Regulation; D054804:Cathelicidins
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D023181:Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; D015415:Biomarkers; C072212:PR 39; D054804:Cathelicidins