title: One-year follow-up study of patients with enterochromaffin-like cell carcinoids after treatment with octreotide long-acting release.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In a one-year study of 5 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG), pernicious anaemia (PA), hypergastrinaemia and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell tumours, the somatostatin analogue octreotide LAR (long-acting release) in a dose of 20 mg given intramuscularly at monthly intervals had an antiproliferative effect on the ECL cells. The aim of the present study was to follow neuroendocrine (NE) markers in the blood and macroscopic and histopathological changes in the stomach during a 12-month follow-up after discontinuation of octreotide LAR treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at 6 and 12 months' follow-up after octreotide LAR treatment. Biopsies from flat, oxyntic mucosa and from tumours were obtained. Sections were stained with haematoxylin-erythrosin and immunostained for the NE cell marker chromogranin A (CgA). Serum gastrin and CgA were measured every 3 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of visible tumours was unchanged (7) at 12 months' follow-up. One lesion showed carcinoid tumour and the others various degrees of linear and micronodular NE hyperplasia. At the same time-point, biopsies from flat, oxyntic mucosa showed a slightly (non-significant) elevated number of CgA immunoreactive (IR) cells. Serum gastrin increased from 186+/-50 pM (mean+/-SEM) to 603+/-109 pM (normal < 40 pM); p<0.05, and serum CgA increased non-significantly from 25+/-2 ng/ml (normal < 30 ng/ml) to 61+/-11 ng/ml.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During follow-up, slightly elevated levels of serum CgA and CgA IR cells in the oxyntic mucosa, without significant recurrence of ECL cell carcinoids, were observed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, St. Olav University Hospital, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway.
authors.forename: Vidar
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Fykse
authors.forename: Arne Kristian
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.forename: Helge Lyder
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Waldum
mesh_terms: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002276:Carcinoid Tumor / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004759:Enterochromaffin Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005753:Gastric Mucosa / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015282:Octreotide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012494:Sampling Studies; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D015282:Octreotide