title: How do clarinet players adjust the resonances of their vocal tracts for different playing effects?
abstract: In a simple model, the reed of the clarinet is mechanically loaded by the series combination of the acoustical impedances of the instrument itself and of the player's airway. Here we measure the complex impedance spectrum of players' airways using an impedance head adapted to fit inside a clarinet mouthpiece. A direct current shunt with high acoustical resistance allows players to blow normally, so the players can simulate the tract condition under playing conditions. The reproducibility of the results suggest that the players' "muscle memory" is reliable for this task. Most players use a single, highly stable vocal tract configuration over most of the playing range, except for the altissimo register. However, this "normal" configuration varies substantially among musicians. All musicians change the configuration, often drastically for "special effects" such as glissandi and slurs: the tongue is lowered and the impedance magnitude reduced when the player intends to lower the pitch or to slur downwards, and vice versa.
authors.affiliation: UNSW, School of Physics, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia. claudia.fritz@ens-lyon.org
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fritz
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
mesh_terms: D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D000162:Acoustics; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D005931:Glottis / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D009146:Music; D010898:Pitch Perception; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology*