title: Pharmacodynamics of rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1) in adult patients with and without renal failure.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The neuromuscular effects of a bolus dose of rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1) under propofol anaesthesia in renal failure patients are prolonged compared to healthy patients. The present study aims to describe the neuromuscular effects of 0.3 mg kg(-1) rocuronium under propofol anaesthesia in patients with renal failure and to compare these effects with healthy control patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  With institutional approval and informed consent, 18 healthy patients and 18 patients with renal failure took part in this prospective open label study. The renal failure patients were undergoing either renal transplantation or insertion of a shunt. Rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1) was given intravenously after induction of anaesthesia with propofol 1-2 mg kg(-1) and fentanyl 2 microg kg(-1). Propofol 6-12 mg kg(-1) h(-1) was used for maintenance of anaesthesia. Four acceleromyographic responses of the thumb after supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve using surface electrodes at 2 Hz every 15 s were measured and recorded. The onset time, the time to recovery of the first twitch to 25% recovery and the time to a train-of-four ratio of 0.7 were all recorded. Wilcoxon rank sum testing was used to compare the pharmacodynamics and to see if medication, gender or electrolytes influenced the duration of the block. P < 0.05 was significant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No statistical differences were seen in the neuromuscular blocking effects of rocuronium between the two groups but there was a significant difference (P < 0.00001) in the variability of the total duration of the block.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1) is suitable for use in patients with renal failure when endotracheal intubation and neuromuscular block for a short period of time are needed. Tracheal intubation is facilitated within 4 min and the block can be antagonized within 20 min.
authors.affiliation: Radboud University, Department of Anesthesia, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. E.Robertson@anes.umcn.nl
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Driessen
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vogt
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: De Boer
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Scheffer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000732:Androstanols / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007442:Intubation, Intratracheal; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000601:surgery*; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019148:Neuromuscular Blockade; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D015742:Propofol; D000077123:Rocuronium; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000732:Androstanols; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D003473:Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; D000077123:Rocuronium; D015742:Propofol