title: Venom production in long-term primary culture of secretory cells of the Bothrops jararaca venom gland.
abstract: There is an increasing interest of obtaining venom by other ways than from extracting it from snakes captured in the wild. A readily available source of this venom will be useful for all pharmacological and biotechnological studies, as well as providing an improved avenue for treatments of snakebites. Here, we show that secretory cells of venom gland can be a good in vitro apparatus to produce venom. We have maintained and morphologically characterized the secretory cells of the Bothrops jararaca venom gland cultured up to 21 days. The isolated cells assemble into acini that growth in size up to 21st day, instead of adhering to the substrate. Bothropasin, a venom metalloprotease, was localized in secretory vesicles by immunoelectron microscopy and venom was also detected in culture medium in a concentration as high as 63 microg/ml. These data show that the acini formed in culture are functionally viable; they can produce and secrete venom.
authors.affiliation: Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Carneiro
authors.forename: M B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Zablith
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Kerchove
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Moura-da-Silva
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Quissell
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Markus
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Yamanouye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D017837:Bothrops; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000166:cytology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D016253:Microscopy, Immunoelectron; D013997:Time Factors; D014688:Venoms / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D003470:Culture Media; D014688:Venoms; D008666:Metalloendopeptidases; C472493:bothropasin, Bothrops jararaca