title: Roles of MMP-2/-9 in cardiac dysfunction during early multiple organ failure in an ovine animal model.
abstract: Biventricular dilation and severe cardiac dysfunction are observed during septic shock. However, when endotoxemia and vasoconstrictor-masked hypovolemia work in concert in the pathogenesis of shock, the clinical scenario is more adverse compared to one of the insults acting alone. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in chronic and acute heart failure by degrading the mechanical scaffold of the heart and several intracellular proteins. Therefore, the roles of MMP-2, MMP-9, MT1-MMP, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and Paxillin in hearts of early multiple organ failure induced by norfenefrine-masked hypovolemia and endotoxemia were investigated in an ovine model. Experimental groups included (1) norfenefrine-masked hypovolemia plus endotoxemia (NMH+ENDO) (n=6), (2) norfenefrine-masked hypovolemia without endotoxemia (NMH) (n=6), (3) recurrent endotoxemia during normovolemia (ENDO) (n=6), and (4) healthy untreated controls (CON) (n=3). Apoptosis was determined by TUNEL-staining. Gel zymography revealed significantly increased MMP-2 activity in NMH+ENDO compared to ENDO and controls. MMP-9 activity was significantly elevated in all experimental groups. MMP-2 was significantly increased at the protein level, while MMP-9 was unaltered. MT1-MMP was not significantly changed in any group. Increased MMP activities were associated with cardiac deterioration. MMP-2/-9 activity and phosphorylated Paxillin (p-Paxillin) expression correlated positively with cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This study underscores the pivotal roles of MMP in acute cardiac dysfunction during early multiple organ failure in combined vasoconstrictor-masked hypovolemic and endotoxemia shock.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
authors.forename: Jeremias
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wohlschlaeger
authors.forename: Henning D
authors.initials: HD
authors.lastname: Stubbe
authors.forename: Klaus J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Schmitz
authors.forename: Naomasa
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawaguchi
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Nobuakira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hinder
authors.forename: Hideo A
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Baba
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D009202:Cardiomyopathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D020896:Hypovolemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / Q000378:metabolism*; D009102:Multiple Organ Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D009655:Octopamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D009655:Octopamine; C005310:norfenefrine; D020778:Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; D020780:Matrix Metalloproteinase 9