title: Doppler, cardiotocography, and biophysical profile changes in growth-restricted fetuses.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess from diagnosis to delivery the Doppler studies of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, umbilical vein, ductus venosus, and amniotic fluid index of fetuses with idiopathic growth restriction.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 145 singleton growth-restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery pulsatility indexes were studied. Cesarean delivery was performed because of abnormal biophysical profile or nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 4 fetal and 50 neonatal deaths. Two growth-restricted groups were identified: Group A (n = 44) included fetuses in whom all measures became abnormal preceding an abnormal biophysical profile or nonreassuring nonstress test. Group B (n = 101) included fetuses in whom 1 or more measures were normal at the time of cesarean delivery. There was no statistically significant difference in perinatal morbidity and mortality between the 2 groups. Neonatal death was increased in fetuses with umbilical artery reversed flow (odds ratio 2.34, 95% confidence interval 1.16-4.73; P < .05) and ductus venosus reversed flow (odds ratio 4.18, 95% confidence interval 2.01-8.69; P < .05). A significant correlation was also found between low birth weight and adverse perinatal outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In fetuses with idiopathic growth restriction, 1) low birth weight, 2) umbilical artery reversed flow, and 3) ductus venosus absent or reversed flow are associated with an increased perinatal morbidity and mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecological Science, Section of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padova, Italy. ecosmi@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Erich
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Cosmi
authors.forename: Guido
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ambrosini
authors.forename: Donato
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: D'Antona
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Saccardi
authors.forename: Giancarlo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mari
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D015148:Cardiotocography / Q000379:methods*; D002585:Cesarean Section; D005260:Female; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007236:Infant, Small for Gestational Age; D008297:Male; D021041:Placental Circulation / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011673:Pulsatile Flow; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal; D014469:Umbilical Arteries / Q000502:physiology*