title: Botox in urology.
abstract: Lower urinary tract dysfunction is one of the challenging problems facing urologists and patients. Several treatment trials have been introduced in the literature, but none has proven to be as effective as being a gold standard treatment for such conditions. We reviewed the literature regarding the use of botulinum toxin (BTx) type A as a current treatment of lower urinary tract conditions described below. The toxin has been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of conditions caused by increased muscle tonicity. Indications for the urological use of BTx and future applications are also considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Barts and the London Hospitals, London, UK. iniziaj@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thwaini
authors.forename: Iqbal
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Shergill
authors.forename: Suresh
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radhakrishnan
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Chinegwundoh
authors.forename: Hadeel
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Thwaini
mesh_terms: D001259:Ataxia / Q000188:drug therapy; D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011469:Prostatic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D019274:Botulinum Toxins, Type A