title: The Ipl1-Aurora protein kinase activates the spindle checkpoint by creating unattached kinetochores.
abstract: The spindle checkpoint ensures accurate chromosome segregation by delaying cell-cycle progression until all sister kinetochores capture microtubules from opposite poles and come under tension (for reviews, see refs 1, 2). Although the checkpoint is activated by either the lack of kinetochore-microtubule attachments or defects in the tension exerted by microtubule-generated forces, it is not clear whether these signals are linked. We investigated the connection between tension and attachment by studying the conserved budding yeast Ipl1Aurora protein kinase that is required for checkpoint activation in the absence of tension but not attachment. Here, we show that spindle-checkpoint activation in kinetochore mutants that seem to have unattached kinetochores depends on Ipl1 activity. When Ipl1 function was impaired in these kinetochore mutants, the attachments were restored and the checkpoint was turned off. These data indicate that Ipl1 activates the checkpoint in response to tension defects by creating unattached kinetochores. Moreover, although the Dam1 kinetochore complex has been implicated as a key downstream target, we found the existence of unidentified Ipl1 sites on Dam1 or additional important substrates that regulate both microtuble detachment and the checkpoint.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N., PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
authors.forename: Benjamin A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Pinsky
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kung
authors.forename: Kevan M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Shokat
authors.forename: Sue
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biggins
mesh_terms: D064127:Aurora Kinases; D002453:Cell Cycle / Q000187:drug effects; D006358:Hot Temperature; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D018386:Kinetochores / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008954:Models, Biological; D009154:Mutation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000502:physiology*; D008941:Spindle Apparatus / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D064127:Aurora Kinases; C576961:IPL1 protein, S cerevisiae; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases