title: Long-term survival and residual hazard after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine long-term survival after in-hospital cardiac arrests and to explore if and when the excess mortality risk imposed by the index event reaches that of an age and sex matched general population.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of data from 1,571 in-hospital cardiac arrests between the calendar years 1997 and 2002 inclusive was performed. Two hundred and fifty-nine people survived until hospital discharge, 220 of which were residents in England and included in the study. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for the survivors and an age and sex matched comparator population, and survival compared with a one-sample log rank test. Smoothed hazard curves were constructed for the two populations. Differences in outcome from year of index event were also sought.
  
  
  RESULTS
  16.5% of patients survived to hospital discharge. Patients continue to experience a mortality rate greater than that of the comparator population during the first 200 days, with overall 70 deaths versus 18.7 as predicted from life tables (p < 0.0001). The hazard is greatest after resuscitation and falls thereafter until about 2 years where it is not very different to that of the comparator population and then subsequently rises. No evidence was found of a difference in the first year survival between patients resuscitated in different calendar years (p > 0.3 for all tests).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The residual risk to an individual cardiac arrest survivor's life is greatest during the first year of survival, but declines progressively during the first 2 years after the event, subsequently approaching the risk experienced by the general population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Hammersmith Hospitals' NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kalbag
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Kotyra
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Richards
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Spearpoint
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Brett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D006323:Heart Arrest / Q000401:mortality*; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D015996:Survival Rate