title: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for the treatment of achalasia. Assessment in relation to morphologic type.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The significance of laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication (LHD) for the treatment of achalasia in relation to the severity of the lesion has not been sufficiently assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Of patients who were diagnosed with achalasia from August 1994 to February 2004, 55 individuals who underwent LHD served as subjects. The therapeutic effects of LHD were assessed in terms of operation time, intraoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay, and symptom improvement in relation to morphologic type (spindle type, Sp; flask type, Fk; and sigmoid type, Sig). Degree of symptomatic improvement was classified into four grades: excellent, good, fair, and poor.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Breakdown of morphologic type was as follows: Sp, n = 29; Fk, n = 18; and Sig, n = 8. Excluding one patient for whom conversion to open surgery was required, median average operation time for 54 patients was 160 min. As to intraoperative complications, esophageal mucosal perforation was seen in nine of the 55 patients (16%); however, conversion to open surgery could be avoided by suturing the affected area. Moreover, intraoperative bleeding of at least 100 g was seen in five of the 55 patients (9%), with one Fk patient requiring conversion to open surgery and transfusion. Median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days. Degree of dysphagia relief was excellent in 45 patients (83%), good in eight patients (15%), and fair in one patient (2%). Excellent improvement was obtained in 90%, 88%, and 50% in Sp, Fk, and Sig patients, respectively. Reflux esophagitis was seen in two patients, and was treated with a proton pump inhibitor.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results of the present study suggest that classification of morphologic type is a useful parameter in predicting postoperative outcome in achalasia. In order to achieve excellent symptomatic relief, surgery for achalasia should be recommended for but not limited to Sp and Fk types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishishinnbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan. surgomura@jikei.ac.jp
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Omura
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ishibashi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Yano
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tsuboi
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kawasaki
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yanaga
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004931:Esophageal Achalasia / Q000145:classification / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000601:surgery*; D004941:Esophagitis / Q000209:etiology; D004947:Esophagus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000293:injuries; D005260:Female; D018662:Fundoplication / Q000009:adverse effects; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane / Q000293:injuries; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000601:surgery