title: Determination of action spectrum for sparfloxacin-photosensitized single-strand breaks in plasmid pBR322 DNA.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Various drugs have been reported to induce photosensitivity as a side effect. Sparfloxacin (SPFX) is well known to trigger dermatological phototoxicity upon solar radiation exposure.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To prevent SPFX-induced phototoxicity, we determined the wavelength range responsible for SPFX phototoxicity.
  
  
  METHODS
  The action spectrum for SPFX photosensitization was assessed by the formation of single-strand breaks in plasmid pBR322 DNA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The wavelengths of light leading to the formation of single-strand breaks were in the ultraviolet A (UVA) and visible ranges. In comparison with the absorption spectrum, we found that SPFX absorption primarily contributed to the action spectrum of single-strand break formation, but it even expanded to the visible range (between 320 and 480 nm) beyond the absorption wavelengths.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The findings suggest that protection of skin from short wavelengths of visible light beyond the absorption wavelengths as well as UVA light is of primary importance in prevention against induction of SPFX phototoxicity.
authors.affiliation: Nippo Electric Co. Ltd., Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan. sayama-07@theia.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Katsuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sayama
authors.forename: Yuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujita
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Yoshiki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tokura
authors.forename: Masako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sasaki
mesh_terms: D000995:Antitubercular Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D053903:DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000528:radiation effects*; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010957:Plasmids / Q000737:chemistry*; D014466:Ultraviolet Rays / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D000995:Antitubercular Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D017319:Photosensitizing Agents; C061363:sparfloxacin