title: Health behaviors of cancer survivors: examining opportunities for cancer control intervention.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A population-based investigation was conducted to examine the prevalence of health behaviors (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and cancer screening) of cancer survivors by age, time since diagnosis, and cancer site. Understanding health behaviors of survivors is imperative, as many survivors are living longer and are at risk for cancer recurrence, second cancers, and complications from treatment.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using the National Health Interview Survey, this study examined the prevalence of smoking and alcohol use as well as whether cancer survivors (n = 7,384) are meeting current recommendations for physical activity and cancer screening compared with noncancer controls (n = 121,347).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Cancer survivors are similar to controls with respect to smoking status and alcohol consumption after adjusting for group differences. However, younger survivors (18 to 40 years) are at greater risk for continued smoking than controls. Survivors are 9% more likely to meet physical activity recommendations compared with controls. chi2 tests indicate no significant differences in smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity by time since diagnosis, but differences by cancer site exist. Female cancer survivors are 34% and 36% more likely to meet mammogram and Papanicolaou smear screening recommendations, respectively, compared with controls. Similar screening patterns were found for prostate-specific antigen screening in men.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study provides benchmark approximations of the prevalence of risky health behaviors of survivors by time since diagnosis and cancer site. As part of the collective effort to reduce late effects of cancer treatment, oncologists may be in the best position to offer initial guidance for promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors among cancer survivors.
authors.affiliation: Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6116 Executive Blvd, Suite 404, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. bellizzk@mail.nih.gov
authors.forename: Keith M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Bellizzi
authors.forename: Julia H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rowland
authors.forename: Diana D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Jeffery
authors.forename: Timothy
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McNeel
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000453:epidemiology; D001294:Attitude to Health; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008875:Middle Aged; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000502:physiology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015995:Prevalence; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D017741:Survivors; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology