title: Distribution and function of muscarinic receptor subtypes in the ovine submandibular gland.
abstract: The effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on responses to electrical stimulation of the chorda-lingual nerve were determined in pentobarbitone-anesthetized sheep and correlated to the morphology of tissue specimens. Stimulation at 2 Hz continuously, or in bursts of 1 s at 20 Hz every 10 s, for 10 min induced similar submandibular fluid responses (19 +/- 3 vs. 21 +/- 3 microl x min(-1) x g gland(-1)), whereas vasodilatation was greater during stimulation in bursts (-52 +/- 4 vs. -43 +/- 5%; P < 0.01). Continuous stimulation at 8 Hz induced substantially greater responses (66 +/- 9 microl x min(-1) x g gland(-1) and -77 +/- 3%). While atropine (0.5 mg/kg iv) abolished the secretory response at 2 and 20 Hz (1:10 s), a small response persisted at 8 Hz (<5%). The "M1-selective" antagonist pirenzepine (40 microg/kg iv) reduced the fluid response at all frequencies tested (P < 0.05-0.01), most conspicuously at 2 Hz (reduced by 69%). Methoctramine ("M2/M4-selective"; 100 microg/kg iv; n = 5) had no effect on fluid or the vascular responses but increased the protein output at 2 (+90%, P < 0.05) and 8 Hz (+45%, P < 0.05). The immunoblotting showed distinct bands for muscarinic M1, M3, M4, and M5 receptors, and immunohistochemistry showed muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors to occur in the parenchyma. Thus muscarinic M1 receptors contribute to the secretory response to parasympathetic stimulation but have little effect on the vasodilatation in the ovine submandibular gland. Increased transmitter release caused by blockade of neuronal inhibitory receptors of the M4 subtype would explain the increase in protein output.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Medicinaregatan 15D, Göteborg 413 90, Sweden. gunnar.tobin@pharm.gu.se
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Tobin
authors.forename: A T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Ryberg
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gentle
authors.forename: A V
authors.initials: AV
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002814:Chorda Tympani Nerve / Q000502:physiology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D010880:Piperidines / Q000494:pharmacology; D010890:Pirenzepine / Q000494:pharmacology; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D043642:Receptor, Muscarinic M5 / Q000032:analysis / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D012472:Salivation / Q000187:drug effects; D012756:Sheep; D013363:Submandibular Gland / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D010880:Piperidines; D043643:Receptor, Muscarinic M1; D043588:Receptor, Muscarinic M4; D043642:Receptor, Muscarinic M5; C058297:4-fluorohexahydrosiladifenidol; D010890:Pirenzepine; D001285:Atropine