title: Regulation of tentacle length in snails by odor concentration.
abstract: The upper tentacle of the snail, bearing the olfactory organ, produces complex movements when the snail explores a new environment. Tentacle trajectories were reconstructed in the presence and absence of odors using two simultaneous video recordings. Reconstructions showed that in the absence of odor, snails constantly scanned the surrounding space with the extended tentacles. Presentation of an odor elicited rapid flexion, independent of the odor concentration, accompanied by concentration-dependent tentacle contractions. Activation of identified motoneuron MtC3 is known to elicit tentacle contraction. Recordings made in semi-intact preparations showed that the dynamics and duration of the spike activity of MtC3 produced in response to odors correlated with the degree of tentacle contraction in response to odors. These data suggest that the central motoneuron MtC3, which triggers tentacle contraction, is involved in controlling the margins of the scanning field. Slow contraction or extension of the tentacle, associated with the level of MtC3 activity, may operate to tune the snail's investigative behavior to the conditions of the sensory environment.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Nikitin
authors.forename: I S
authors.initials: IS
authors.lastname: Zakharov
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Balaban
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D009812:Odorants; D012679:Sense Organs / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*; D012903:Smell / Q000502:physiology*; D012908:Snails / Q000502:physiology*; D014741:Video Recording