title: Diabetes and urinary incontinence in 50- to 90-year-old women: a cross-sectional population-based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to examine the association between urinary incontinence and diabetes in a large community-based population of women.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Health and Retirement Study is a large multistage area probability sample of households in the United States. Data were collected from 10,678 women aged 50 to 90 years. Dependent variables were no, mild, and severe incontinence. Independent variables consisted of demographic and health data. Diabetes was dichotomized into insulin-requiring (IRDM) and non-insulin-requiring disease (NIRDM). Survey-based ordered logistic regression was used to simultaneously analyze associations between incontinence groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Urinary incontinence was reported by 22% (2319/10,678) of women. IRDM was associated with urinary incontinence (odds ratio [OR] 1.63; 95% CI 1.28-2.09), but NIRDM was not (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.00-1.45).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  IRDM is independently associated with urinary incontinence in women ages 50 to 90 years, independent of patient body mass index, comorbidities, or age.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA. Clewis@salud.unm.edu
authors.forename: Cynthia M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Schrader
authors.forename: Angela
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Many
authors.forename: Mary
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mackay
authors.forename: Rebecca G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Rogers
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000453:epidemiology*