title: Role of AT-1 receptor in regulation of vascular MCP-1, IL-6, PAI-1, MAP kinase, and matrix expressions in obesity.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Metabolic syndrome has emerged as the major cause of atherosclerosis. The associated atherosclerosis is accompanied by and, in part, due to inflammation. In an attempt to explore the molecular sources of vascular inflammation and possible involvement of renin-angiotensin system, we studied obese Zucker rats, which exhibit all features of metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven-week-old male obese Zucker rats were randomized to losartan-treated (100 mg/L drinking H2O) and untreated groups. Lean Zucker rats served as controls. After four months, aortas were obtained and processed for various determinations by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis for collagen type IV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Compared to the lean controls, obese Zucker rats showed significant increases in collagen staining, as well as expressions of collagen, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and two major proinflammatory mediators (i.e., interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). This was associated with significant increases in p38 and ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase activities, as well as marked up-regulation of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT-1R) mRNA expression. These abnormalities were prevented by administration of the AT-1R blocker (ARB).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The untreated obese Zucker rats exhibit increased matrix protein accumulation in the aorta and marked up-regulations of proinflammatory and profibrotic pathways. These abnormalities are associated with up-regulation of AT-1R and are prevented by AT-1R blockade pointing to the potential role of AT-1R activation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA. ndvaziri@uci.edu
authors.forename: Nosratola D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Vaziri
authors.forename: Zhong-Gao
authors.initials: ZG
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Ashkan
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shahkarami
authors.forename: Kevin T
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Bernardo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Iturbe
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Natarajan
mesh_terms: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000235:genetics*; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000201:enzymology; D005353:Fibronectins / Q000235:genetics; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000235:genetics*; D019808:Losartan / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000235:genetics; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000235:genetics; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D051381:Rats; D011924:Rats, Zucker; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; C491766:Ccl2 protein, rat; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D005353:Fibronectins; D015850:Interleukin-6; D017395:Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D003094:Collagen; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; D019808:Losartan