title: GNB3 C825T and ACE I/D polymorphisms on the sodium-proton exchanger and the prevalence of essential hypertension in males.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis if the interaction between the G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism and ACE I/D polymorphism could lead to the disclosure of increased activity of sodium-proton exchanger and hypertension.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study included 44 male patients, median age: 40 years. Patients were divided into two groups: 26 patients with essential hypertension (EH), and 18 subjects in the normotensive group (C).
  
  
  RESULTS
  CT + TT genotypes of GNB3 predominated in patients with hypertension (65%) compared to normotensive patients (12%) (p <0.01). No significant differences were observed in the frequency of ACE gene polymorphisms between the examined groups. Significantly higher activity of erythrocyte NHE in patients with EH was observed: median 8.83 (interquartile range 4.27) mmol/l RBC/h, compared to C: median 6.18 (2.80) mmol/l RBC/h, p <0.001. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of the T allele increased the risk of hypertension 16-fold (p <0.01) and higher erythrocyte NHE activity 2-fold per each unit of activity (p <0.01). DD genotype of ACE polymorphism did not increase the risk of hypertension. No significant interaction of the influence of GNB3 T allele and ACE DD genotype on the risk of hypertension was observed. In multiple linear regression analysis, none of the examined genotypes and their interactions influenced NHE activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The presence of the T allele of GNB3 polymorphism and increased activity of erythrocyte NHE independently of ACE genotype increase the risk of hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
authors.forename: Karolina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kedzierska
authors.forename: Kazimierz
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ciechanowski
authors.forename: Krzysztof
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Safranow
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bober
authors.forename: Edyta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gołembiewska
authors.forename: Ewa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowska
authors.forename: Joanna
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kabat-Koperska
authors.forename: Marek
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ostrowski
authors.forename: Graźyna
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Adler
authors.forename: Dariusz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chlubek
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005838:Genotype; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: C454420:G-protein beta3 subunit; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; C488034:ACE protein, human; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D020962:Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins