title: Tolerance of laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in neonates.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Video-surgery in neonates is recent. Data on the respiratory, hemodynamic, and thermic effects during the first month of life are still sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the tolerance of video-surgery in neonates and to determine the risk factors of per-operative complications.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1994 to 2004, 49 neonates (mean age: 11 days; weight: 3285 g) underwent 50 video-surgical procedures. Indications for laparoscopy were duodenal atresias, volvulus with malrotation, pyloric stenosis, gastroesophageal reflux, cystic lymphangiomas, ovarian cysts, biliary atresia, and congenital diaphragmatic hernias; indications for thoracoscopy were esophageal atresias and tracheoesophageal fistula.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Median operative time was 79 minutes. Mean insufflation pressure was 6.7 mm Hg (range: 3-13). Oxygen saturation decreased, especially with thoracic insufflation or high-pressure pneumoperitoneum. Systolic arterial pressure, which decreased in 20% of the patients, was controlled easily with vascular expansion. Thermic loss (mean postoperative temperature: 35.6 degrees C) was proportional to the duration of insufflation. No surgical incident was noted. Ten anesthetic incidents occurred (20%), 3 of which required temporary or definitive interruption of insufflation (O2 saturation <70%). Risk factors for an incident were low preoperative temperature, high variation of end-tidal pressure of CO2, surgical time >100 minutes, thoracic insufflation, and a high oxygen or vascular expansion requirement at the beginning of insufflation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The neonate's high sensitivity to insufflation is an important limiting factor of video-surgery. The described profile of the neonate at risk may help to reduce the frequency of adverse effects of this technique and improve its tolerance.
authors.affiliation: Département de Chirurgie Viscérale Pédiatrique, Hôpital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, France.
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kalfa
authors.forename: Hossein
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Allal
authors.forename: Olivier
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Raux
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Forgues
authors.forename: Marie-Pierre
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Guibal
authors.forename: Jean-Charles
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Picaud
authors.forename: René-Benoit
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Galifer
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D001831:Body Temperature; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007327:Insufflation; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D012307:Risk Factors; D013906:Thoracoscopy; D020535:Video-Assisted Surgery