Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in AML and MDS using myeloablative versus reduced-intensity conditioning: the role of dose intensity.
Allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (SCT) with both myeloablative and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) is an effective therapy in AML/MDS. However, the relative merits of each may differ in different settings. To define the role of dose intensity, we analyzed SCT outcomes of 112 consecutive patients with AML/MDS. A total of 45 patients met eligibility criteria for standard myeloablative conditioning and were given intravenous-busulfan (12.8 mg/kg) and cyclophosphamide (ivBuCy). A total of 67 noneligible patients were given RIC with fludarabine and intravenous-busulfan (6.4 mg/kg, FB2, n=41) or a modified myeloablative regimen with fludarabine and myeloablative doses of intravenous-busulfan (12.8 mg/kg, FB4, n=26). The overall survival (OS) at 2 years was 50, 49 and 47% after ivBuCy, FB4 and FB2, respectively (P=NS). Nonrelapse mortality was higher after ivBuCy, 22 vs 8% (P=0.05), but relapse rates were lower. Active disease at SCT was the most significant predictor of reduced survival in multivariable analysis (HR 4.5, P=0.0001). Myeloablative and RIC regimens had similar outcomes when leukemia was in remission at SCT; however, patients with active disease could only be salvaged by myeloablative conditioning. Among the latter, OS was 45% after ivBuCy but no FB2 recipient survived (P=0.02). Patients with active disease, ineligible for standard myeloablation, could tolerate modified myeloablation well; however, long-term outcome cannot be determined yet.
Shimoni
A
A
The Division of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel. ashimoni@sheba.health.gov.il
Hardan
I
I
Shem-Tov
N
N
Yeshurun
M
M
Yerushalmi
R
R
Avigdor
A
A
Ben-Bassat
I
I
Nagler
A
A
D000208:Acute Disease; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D018380:Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007951:Leukemia, Myeloid / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019653:Myeloablative Agonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009190:Myelodysplastic Syndromes / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D019172:Transplantation Conditioning / Q000379:methods*; D014184:Transplantation, Homologous; D016896:Treatment Outcome
D019653:Myeloablative Agonists