title: [The endoscopically assisted forehead lift using skull cortical tunnel fixation--a report of 19 cases].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the effect of the fixation on skull and thorough mobilization of the brow area on the results of the endoscopically assisted subperiosteal forehead lift.
  
  
  METHODS
  The operation procedure included adequate subperiosteal dissection, especially at the frontotemporal transition area; complete mobilization of the brow area and fixation of the incised scalp to the skull through a cortical tunnel without tension. 19 patients received the operation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Long-term follow-up showed that all the 19 patients were satisfied with the surgical results. A transient frontal branch paresis happened in one case, which resolved in 3 months spontaneously without sequelae.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cortical tunnel fixation well keeps the brows at a lifted position and achieves persistent rejuvenation of the forehead.
authors.affiliation: Plastic Surgery Division of the No. 1 Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China.
authors.forename: Xiu-Di
authors.initials: XD
authors.lastname: Ye
authors.forename: Shu-Jun
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Le
authors.forename: Yu-Sheng
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Yu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019882:Blepharoplasty / Q000379:methods; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005546:Forehead / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010521:Periosteum / Q000601:surgery; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000379:methods*