title: Alteration of the sialylation pattern of the murine tooth germ after ethanol exposure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethanol consumption during pregnancy leads to changes in murine dental morphogenesis, dental size, cellular differentiation, enamel mineralization, and delayed eruption. It has been proposed that glycoproteins play a role during embryonic dental development that may determine the dental morphological pattern and extracellular matrix secretion. O-glycosylation and sialylation appear to actively participate in the differentiation and maturation processes. Because glycosylation may be affected by teratogens that can alter the maturation of several organisms, in this work we describe the main modifications of the sialylation pattern in prenatal day (PD) 18.5 murine tooth germs exposed to ethanol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Pregnant female mice were divided into groups that were given 15% or 20% ethanol solutions, or water as a control. The histochemistry of tooth germs from PD 18.5 fetuses was revealed with lectins specific for sialic acid (Neu5Ac), such as Sambucus nigra (SNA), Maackia amurensis (MAA), and Machrobrachium rosenbergii (MRL), and for sialylated-O-glycosidically linked glycans, such as Amaranthus leucocarpus (ALL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The basement membrane, preameloblasts, inner-enamel epithelium, preodontoblasts, and subodontoblastic cells of the test groups showed changes in labeling according to the 4 lectins used. Intranuclear staining was observed with SNA (specific for Neu5Acalpha2,6Gal/GalNAc) in the control group, but this was reduced in the test groups. The nuclei of dental papillary cells under the experimental conditions were stained with MAA (Neu5Acalpha2,3Gal).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dental development involves different types of sialylated O-glycosidically linked glycans that are likely to regulate cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions. Our results suggest that ethanol consumption during pregnancy alters the sialylation pattern during murine dental morphogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Inmunología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, DEPeI, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
authors.forename: Dolores
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jiménez-Farfán
authors.forename: Jorge
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Guevara
authors.forename: Edgar
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Zenteno
authors.forename: Juan Carlos
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Hernández-Guerrero
mesh_terms: D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D005260:Female; D006031:Glycosylation / Q000187:drug effects; D006651:Histocytochemistry; D037102:Lectins / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009805:Odontogenesis / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011247:Pregnancy; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D013723:Teratogens / Q000633:toxicity*; D014083:Tooth Germ / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D037102:Lectins; D012795:Sialoglycoproteins; D013723:Teratogens; D000431:Ethanol