title: Integrated hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal actions of urocortin 2 in normal and paced sheep: beneficial effects in heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Urocortin 2 (Ucn2) has potent cardiovascular actions and may participate in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). The integrated hemodynamic, endocrine, and renal effects of Ucn2 are unknown.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight sheep received incremental intravenous boluses of murine Ucn2 (10, 50, and 100 microg at 2-hour intervals) before (normal) and during pacing-induced HF. Compared with control data, Ucn2 induced rapid and dose-dependent increases in cardiac output (peak effects: normal 4.3+/-0.2 versus 6.1+/-0.2 L/min, P<0.001; HF 2.3+/-0.1 versus 4.5+/-0.2 L/min, P<0.001) and reductions in peripheral resistance (normal 20.2+/-1.0 versus 15.2+/-0.8 mm Hg/L per minute, P<0.01; HF 32.2+/-1.7 versus 13.6+/-0.5 mm Hg/L per minute, P<0.001) and left atrial pressure (normal 4.3+/-0.3 versus 0.5+/-0.2 mm Hg, P<0.01; HF 22.9+/-0.6 versus 5.1+/-1.8 mm Hg, P<0.001). Mean arterial pressure was minimally elevated in normals and decreased in HF (both P<0.01). In both states, Ucn2 reduced plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels (normal 13+/-2 versus 10+/-2 pmol/L; HF 200+/-20 versus 72+/-10 pmol/L) and similarly increased corticotropin, cortisol, and Ucn1 (all P<0.001). In HF only, Ucn2 dose dependently decreased plasma vasopressin (3.09+/-0.36 versus 1.62+/-0.12 pmol/L, P<0.01), renin (2.98+/-1.17 versus 0.69+/-0.10 nmol/L per hour, P<0.001), aldosterone (1186+/-303 versus 364+/-122 pmol/L, P<0.001), endothelin-1 (3.39+/-0.23 versus 2.56+/-0.18 pmol/L, P<0.01), epinephrine (1633+/-260 versus 657+/-142 pmol/L, P<0.01), and brain natriuretic peptide (36+/-3 versus 18+/-4 pmol/L, P<0.001) concentrations. Renal effects, including increased urine volume (1.7-fold, P<0.05), sodium excretion (>12-fold, P<0.01), and creatinine excretion (1.3-fold, P<0.001), also occurred only in HF.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ucn2 has marked and beneficial hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal effects in experimental HF. These results support a role for Ucn2 in pressure/volume homeostasis in HF and suggest that the peptide may have therapeutic potential in this disease.
authors.affiliation: Cardioendocrine Research Group, Christchurch School of Medicine, Christchurch, New Zealand. miriam.rademaker@chmeds.ac.nz
authors.forename: Miriam T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Rademaker
authors.forename: Vicky A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Cameron
authors.forename: Christopher J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: A Mark
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Richards
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D012756:Sheep; D014556:Urine / Q000737:chemistry; D054832:Urocortins
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D054832:Urocortins; C518358:urocortin 2, mouse; D003346:Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone