title: Separation and determination of seven fluoroquinolones by pressurized capillary electrochromatography.
abstract: In this paper, pressurized CEC was used for the separation and determination of seven fluoroquinolones (FQs). The effect of different experimental conditions, such as the concentration and pH of the buffer, the organic modifier concentration, the surfactant and ion-paring agents added to the electrolyte, and applied voltage were studied. All the seven FQs were baseline separated using mobile phase containing 27% v/v ACN, 5 mmol/L Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 4.0 adjusted using citric acid), 11 mmol/L SDS, and 0.01% TEA v/v at detection wavelength of 287 nm and at an applied voltage of -10 kV. The calibration curves were linear (r>0.9991) over a concentration range of 1.0-50.0 mg/L for norfloxacin (NFLX); 2.5-50.0 mg/L for fleroxacin (FLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and lomefloxacin (LMX); and 5.0-50.0 mg/L for enoxacin (ENX), ofloxacin (OFLX), and gatifloxacin (GFLX). The detection limits (S/N = 3) for ENX, OFLX, FLX, NFLX, CPFX, LMX, and GFLX were 0.5, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. It was successfully applied to the analysis of fish muscle samples spiked with FQs. Mean recoveries ranged from 81.6 to 97.6%.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Food Safety and Environmental Monitoring, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, PR China.
authors.forename: Haixia
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Lü
authors.forename: Xiaoping
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Zenghong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xie
authors.forename: Xucong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Liangqia
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: Chao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Guonan
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002845:Chromatography; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005021:Ethylamines; D005399:Fishes / Q000378:metabolism; D024841:Fluoroquinolones / Q000032:analysis* / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D005021:Ethylamines; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C016162:triethylamine