title: Reduced airway responsiveness in nonelite runners.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The effects of endurance training on airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic subjects are poorly defined. We hypothesized that airway responsiveness may differ between none-lite endurance athletes and sedentary subjects, and studied healthy, nonelite runners and sedentary controls by single-dose methacholine challenges carried out in the absence of deep inspirations, in that deep inspirations are known to oppose airway narrowing in nonasthmatic subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 20 nonasthmatic none-lite runners (mean age+/- SD: 43.0+/- 8.5 yr; training volume: 68 km.wk; range: 40-100; racing experience: 11+/- 8 yr) and 20 sedentary controls (age: 44.0+/- 20.6 yr) were studied, all of them being normo-reactive to standard methacholine challenge up to 25 mg.mL concentration. All subjects were studied at rest; six runners were also studied about 1 h after completing the Palermo marathon (December 8, 2001). The primary outcome of the study was the inspiratory vital capacity (IVC) obtained after single-dose methacholine inhalation at the end of 20 min of deep inspiration prohibition.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At rest, IVC decreased by 10.5+/-8.1% after challenge with methacholine at 75 mg.mL in athletes, and by 24.3+/-16.1% after a methacholine concentration of 52+/-5.7 mg.mL in sedentary controls (P=0.002). The decreased response to methacholine in runners did not correlate with static lung volumes, amount of weekly training, or running experience.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Methacholine challenge under deep inspiration prohibition revealed that endurance training attenuates airway responsiveness in nonasthmatic, none-lite runners. Airway hyporesponsiveness was potentiated after the marathon, suggesting involvement of humoral (i.e., catecholamine levels), airway factors (i.e., nitric oxide), or both in modulating airway tone after exercise.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Medicine and Pneumology, Respiratory Unit; University of Palermo, Italy. n.scichilone@libero.it
authors.forename: Nicola
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Scichilone
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Morici
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Marchese
authors.forename: Anna
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bonanno
authors.forename: Mirella
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Profita
authors.forename: Alkis
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Togias
authors.forename: Maria Rosaria
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Bonsignore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007320:Inspiratory Capacity / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D010807:Physical Endurance / Q000502:physiology*; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012137:Respiratory System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012420:Running / Q000502:physiology*; D013178:Sports Medicine; D014797:Vital Capacity / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D016210:Methacholine Chloride