Multivariate data analyses of chlorinated and brominated contaminants and biological characteristics in adult guillemot (Uria aalge) from the Baltic Sea.
Adult guillemot (Uria aalge) birds, 10 females and 10 males, drowned in trawl nets near Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea, were collected in 2000. Several of the animals' biological characteristics were recorded. The birds' pectoral muscles were individually analyzed for their concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes, trans-nonachlor, hexachlorobenzene, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The dominating contaminant was p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with a geometric mean concentration of 12 900 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The concentration of sigmaPBDE (80 ng/g lw) was similar to that of HBCD (65 ng/g lw). The total concentration of all OCs was approximately 150 times higher than that of all BFRs. For the statistical evaluation of the data, we used multivariate analysistechniques such as principal components analysis, partial least-squares (PLS) regression, and PLS discriminant analyses. No differences between the two sexes were found, either in contaminant concentrations or in biological characteristics. We found that some biological characteristics covaried with the concentrations of several OCs and BFRs, e.g., a negative correlation between liver weight and concentration of contaminants. The concentrations of most OCs but not of BFRs showed a decrease with increasing lipid content. Further, a PLS model with OCs as X and BFRs as Y showed that the contaminants formed two groups, each with distinctive correlation patterns. The PLS model could be used to predict with varying accuracy the concentration of BFRs in the individual muscles from their concentration of OCs.
Lundstedt-Enkel
Katrin
K
Environmental Toxicology, Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, SE-752 36, Sweden. Katrin.Lundstedt-Enkel@ebc.uu.se
Johansson
Anna-Karin
AK
Tysklind
Mats
M
Asplund
Lillemor
L
Nylund
Kerstin
K
Olsson
Mats
M
Orberg
Jan
J
D000818:Animals; D000835:Animals, Wild / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001454:Baltic States; D001717:Birds / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017605:Bromine Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000032:analysis; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000032:analysis*; D008055:Lipids / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000737:chemistry*; D009792:Oceans and Seas; D009929:Organ Size; D010647:Phenyl Ethers / Q000032:analysis; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls / Q000032:analysis
D017605:Bromine Compounds; D055768:Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D008055:Lipids; D010647:Phenyl Ethers; D011075:Polybrominated Biphenyls; D003633:Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene; C089796:hexabromocyclododecane; C086401:pentabromodiphenyl ether; D011078:Polychlorinated Biphenyls