title: Turning down the system: counter-regulatory mechanisms in bone and adaptive immunity.
abstract: Major advances have been made in recent years toward the identification of transcription factors that control cell-type-specific gene expression in the skeletal and adaptive immune systems. However, the identification of factors necessary and sufficient to drive production of effector cell proteins such as matrix components and cytokines represents the first step toward understanding how cells in bone and the adaptive system achieve their highly specialized functions. Here, we provide selected examples of counter-regulatory mechanisms that serve to turn down cells involved in extracellular matrix biosynthesis and adaptive immunity at the level of the transcription factors Runx2 and nuclear factor for the activation of T cells.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Marc N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Wein
authors.forename: Dallas C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Laurie H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Glimcher
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001857:Bone Matrix / Q000502:physiology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit / Q000502:physiology; D006655:Histone Deacetylases / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007109:Immunity; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D010012:Osteogenesis; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000502:physiology; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1 / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D050659:Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit; D050778:NFATC Transcription Factors; D047495:PPAR gamma; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D051879:Twist-Related Protein 1; C400300:HDAC4 protein, human; D006655:Histone Deacetylases