title: Altered white matter/gray matter proportions in the striatum of patients with schizophrenia: a volumetric MRI study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Anatomical structures of the striatum were studied in 58 patients with schizophrenia and 56 healthy comparison subjects of both genders matched for age and handedness.
  
  
  METHODS
  Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to measure gray matter, white matter, and CSF volumes of the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens in the left and the right hemispheres.
  
  
  RESULTS
  White matter/gray matter ratios of the striatal structures were significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects. In patients, relative white matter volumes in the caudate and nucleus accumbens were reduced, whereas gray matter in the putamen was increased. The total accumbens volume did not differ by diagnosis, but left side accumbens was larger than right in the healthy subjects. The proportion of white matter was greater in women in both the patient and healthy comparison groups. Total caudate and putamen volumes demonstrated no differences due to diagnosis or laterality, but a negative correlation was found in patients between white matter volumes and increasing age. There were no significant correlations among total striatal volumes, white matter/gray matter ratios, age at onset of illness, or illness duration. An estimate of lifetime neuroleptic consumption was positively correlated with right gray matter volume of the putamen in male schizophrenia patients who received typical neuroleptics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The proportion of white matter to gray matter tissue volumes of the caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens is altered in medicated chronic schizophrenia patients, but the total volumes are unchanged.
authors.affiliation: Human Brain Informatics, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
authors.forename: Chiharu
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tamagaki
authors.forename: Göran C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Sedvall
authors.forename: Erik G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: Jönsson
authors.forename: Gaku
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Okugawa
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pauli
authors.forename: Ingrid
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Agartz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001931:Brain Mapping; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000473:pathology; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D008297:Male; D009714:Nucleus Accumbens / Q000473:pathology; D011699:Putamen / Q000473:pathology; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology*; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents