title: The role of sampling in mycotoxin contamination: an holistic view.
abstract: The need to obtain a representative sample deserves particular consideration since a wrong sampling plan can greatly affect the reliability of the measured levels of mycotoxins. This can even result in legal disputes and barriers to trade. Reported here is an holistic view for an ideal sampling plan, which is based on two consecutive steps: (i) To establish 'why, where and when' sampling has to be performed by assessing the purpose, the appropriate time and the site for collecting the samples; (ii) To establish 'how' to draw samples by assessing practical ad hoc guidelines, considering that, for bulk goods in particular, mycotoxins are not at all homogeneously distributed in a lot. So far, step 1 is not yet covered by specific guidelines while for step 2, European regulations establish the procedures for the sampling of bulk and retail products potentially contaminated by mycotoxins.
authors.affiliation: The Italian National Institute of Health, National Centre for Food Quality and Risk Assessment, GMO and Mycotoxins Unit, Rome, Italy. miraglia@iss.it
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miraglia
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: De Santis
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Minardi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Debegnach
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brera
mesh_terms: D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D005504:Food Analysis / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D013048:Specimen Handling / Q000379:methods
chemical_list: D009183:Mycotoxins