title: Microarray analysis of gene expression during the inflammation and endochondral bone formation stages of rat femur fracture repair.
abstract: Microarray analysis of gene expression was performed in the healing femur fractures of 13-week-old male rats during the inflammatory stage of repair, at 3 days post-fracture, and the endochondral bone formation stage of repair, at 11 days post-fracture. Multiple replicate pairs of fracture tissues paired with unfractured tissues, and unfractured control bones that had the stabilizing K-wire were introduced. This approach normalized the marrow contributions to the RNA repertoire. We identified 6555 genes with significant changes in expression in fracture tissues at 3 days and 11 days healing. The repertoire of growth factor genes expressed was also surprisingly restricted at both post-fracture intervals. The large number of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) expressed at both post-fracture times indicates that several molecular pathways yet to be identified regulate fracture repair. The number of genes expressed during immune responses and inflammatory processes was restricted with higher expression largely during the early post-fracture analysis. Several of the genes identified in this study have been associated with regulation of cell and extracellular matrix interactions during scarless healing of fetal skin wounds. These observations suggest that these genes might also regulate the scarless healing characteristic of bone regeneration by similar mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Musculoskeletal Disease Center, Jerry L. Pettis V. A. Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA 92357, USA.
authors.forename: Charles H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rundle
authors.forename: Hali
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hongrun
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Robert B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Chadwick
authors.forename: Emile I
authors.initials: EI
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.forename: Jon E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Wergedal
authors.forename: K-H William
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lau
authors.forename: Subburaman
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mohan
authors.forename: James T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Ryaby
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Baylink
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D017931:DNA Primers; D020224:Expressed Sequence Tags; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D017102:Fracture Healing; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D007249:Inflammation / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D017931:DNA Primers