title: Muscle damage, fluid ingestion, and energy supplementation during recreational alpine skiing.
abstract: This study examined energy and fluid supplementation on indices of muscle damage during alpine skiing. Skiers were assigned to a carbohydrate-protein (CP), placebo (PL), or no fluid (NF) group. CP and PL ingested 1.62 L during and after skiing. Myoglobin did not change from pre-skiing (PS) to 2 h post-skiing (2PS) for CP (24.8 +/- 1.4 and 25.6 +/- 1.6 ng/mL), but rose significantly from 26.4 +/- 1.3 to 40.0 +/- 2.8 ng/mL for PL and from 29.0 +/- 1.3 to 82.9 +/- 3.6 ng/mL for NF. Creatine kinase was maintained from PRE to 2 PS for CP, but increased significantly from 117 +/- 7.2 to 174 +/- 43.4 U/L for PL and from 126 +/- 23.2 to 243 +/- 34.3 U/L for NF. This study demonstrates that ingestion of a CP beverage minimized muscle damage indices during skiing compared to PL and NF and that ingesting fluids may also minimize muscle damage compared to a NF condition.
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Saint Cloud State University, Saint Cloud, MN 56301, USA.
authors.forename: John G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Seifert
authors.forename: Ronald W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Kipp
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: Oladele
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Gazal
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001628:Beverages; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004326:Drinking; D002149:Energy Intake / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D009211:Myoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000502:physiology; D012865:Skiing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D009211:Myoglobin; D003402:Creatine Kinase