title: Anti-inflammatory activity of verminoside from Kigelia africana and evaluation of cutaneous irritation in cell cultures and reconstituted human epidermis.
abstract: Kigelia africana is a plant used in Africa for anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-skin-aging effects. Various papers have reported on the composition and biological activities of its CH2Cl2 extracts and dermal formulations. Chemical analysis of a polar extract of fruit from K. africana indicated the presence of verminoside (1), an iridoid, as a major constituent, and of a series of polyphenols such as verbascoside (2). In vitro assays showed that 1 had significant anti-inflammatory effects, inhibiting both iNOS expression and NO release in the LPS-induced J774.A1 macrophage cell line. Cytotoxicity and cutaneous irritation of the extract and of compounds 1 and 2 were investigated. The crude extract and 1 did not affect cell viability in vitro either in cells grown in monolayers (ML) or in the reconstituted human epidermis (RHE, 3D) model; neither caused release of pro-inflammatory mediators or histomorphological modification of RHE.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Picerno
authors.forename: Giuseppina
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Autore
authors.forename: Stefania
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Marzocco
authors.forename: Marisa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Meloni
authors.forename: Rokia
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sanogo
authors.forename: Rita P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Aquino
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D029402:Bignoniaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004817:Epidermis / Q000187:drug effects*; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005960:Glucosides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D039823:Iridoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects; D008302:Mali; D051379:Mice; D008954:Models, Biological; D015394:Molecular Structure; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology; D010946:Plants, Medicinal / Q000737:chemistry*; D059808:Polyphenols
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D005960:Glucosides; D039823:Iridoids; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D010636:Phenols; C506490:verminoside; C058956:acteoside; D059808:Polyphenols