title: Direct navigation on 3D rotational x-ray data acquired with a mobile propeller C-arm: accuracy and application in functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
abstract: Recently, three-dimensional (3D) rotational x-ray imaging has been combined with navigation technology, enabling direct 3D navigation for minimally invasive image guided interventions. In this study, phantom experiments are used to determine the accuracy of such a navigation set-up for a mobile C-arm with propeller motion. After calibration of the C-arm system, the accuracy is evaluated by pinpointing divots on a special-purpose phantom with known geometry. This evaluation is performed both with and without C-arm motion in between calibration and registration for navigation. The variation caused by each of the individual transformations in the calibration and registration process is also studied. The feasibility of direct navigation on 3D rotational x-ray images for functional endoscopic sinus surgery has been evaluated in a cadaver navigation experiment. Navigation accuracy was approximately 1.0 mm, which is sufficient for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. C-arm motion in between calibration and registration slightly degraded the registration accuracy by approximately 0.3 mm. Standard deviations of each of the transformations were in the range 0.15-0.31 mm. In the cadaver experiment, the navigation images were considered in good correspondence with the endoscopic images by an experienced ENT surgeon. Availability of 3D localization information provided by the navigation system was considered valuable by the ENT surgeon.
authors.affiliation: Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Everine B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: van de Kraats
authors.forename: Bart
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Carelsen
authors.forename: Wytske J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fokkens
authors.forename: Sjirk N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Boon
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Noordhoek
authors.forename: Wiro J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Niessen
authors.forename: Theo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Walsum
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002102:Cadaver; D004724:Endoscopy; D006257:Head / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D019047:Phantoms, Imaging; D025321:Surgery, Computer-Assisted; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed