title: Secular changes in health care utilization and work absence for migraine and tension-type headache: a population based study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess changes in consultation rates, medication use and work absences due to migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) in Denmark over a 12-year period.
  
  
  METHODS
  Surveys of the general population in 1989 and 2001. Medical doctors conducted all headache diagnostic interviews based on ICDH-I and II. The participation rate was 76% (740) in 1989 and 74% (711) in 2001. Headache status was categorized as pure migraine, pure frequent TTH (frequent episodic or chronic TTH), coexisting migraine and frequent TTH, and healthy subjects (no primary headache or only infrequent TTH).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Headache-related consultation rates (OR = 1.6 (1.1-2.2)), especially specialist consultations (OR = 3.6 (2.3-5.6)), increased for all headache groups. Use of prescription medication because of headache increased moderately (OR = 2.1 (1.1-3.9)) while the use of prophylactic medication was stable (OR = 1.1 (0.3-4.0)). Both headache-related (OR = 1.1 (0.7-1.7)) and overall (OR = 0.9 (0.7-1.2)) absence rates were largely unchanged. Headache-related absence rates were higher for subjects with both headache types (OR = 7.5 (4.3-13.1)) or with pure migraine (OR = 3.6 (2.0-6.6)) than for subjects with frequent TTH alone. Triptans users had higher migraine headache frequency and tended to have higher absence rates than non-users. Overall absence rates were higher for subjects with both headache types (OR = 2.3 (1.3-4.0)) or with frequent TTH (OR = 1.9 (1.4-2.7)) than for healthy subjects. Pure migraine was not associated with higher overall absence rates (OR = 1.0 (0.6-1.6)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite an increase in headache consultation rates and in use of prescription medication and triptans, no improvement in work absence rates was observed. Consultations, medication use, and absence rates were highest for individuals with both migraine and frequent TTH.
authors.affiliation: Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen County, Glostrup, Denmark. acl@hsd.hosp.dk
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lyngberg
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Rasmussen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Jensen
mesh_terms: D000041:Absenteeism; D000328:Adult; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003718:Denmark / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006296:Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D018781:Tension-Type Headache / Q000191:economics* / Q000453:epidemiology*