title: The expression of migration stimulating factor, a potent oncofetal cytokine, is uniquely controlled by 3'-untranslated region-dependent nuclear sequestration of its precursor messenger RNA.
abstract: Migration stimulating factor (MSF) is a truncated oncofetal fibronectin isoform expressed by fetal and tumor-associated cells. MSF mRNA is distinguished from other fibronectin isoforms by its size (2.1 kb) and the inclusion of a specific intronic sequence at its 3' end. Initial Northern blot analysis with a MSF-specific probe indicated the presence of this 2.1-kb transcript and an additional unexpected 5.9-kb RNA present in both MSF-secreting (fetal) and nonsecreting (adult) fibroblasts. Our investigations into the nature of these transcripts and their relationship to MSF protein secretion revealed that the 5.9-kb mRNA is a second MSF-encoding transcript. Both these mRNAs have identical coding sequence and differ only in the length of their intron-derived 3'-untranslated region (UTR). The 5.9-kb MSF mRNA is retained in the nucleus whereas the 2.1-kb mRNA is not. MSF-secreting fetal fibroblasts have significantly lower nuclear levels of the 5.9-kb mRNA and correspondingly higher cytoplasmic levels of the 2.1-kb transcript than their nonsecreting adult counterparts. Adult fibroblasts induced to secrete MSF by treatment with transforming growth factor-beta1 displayed similar changes in their respective levels of MSF mRNA, but not those of a control gene. When cloned downstream of a reporter gene, only the longer 3'-UTR retained coding sequence within the nucleus. We conclude that expression of MSF protein is regulated by 3'-UTR truncation of the 5.9-kb nuclear-sequestered "precursor" MSF mRNA and nuclear export of mature 2.1-kb message. Inducible 3'-UTR processing represents a novel regulatory mechanism involved in cancer pathogenesis that may open new avenues for therapeutic gene delivery.
authors.affiliation: Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Richard A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kay
authors.forename: Ian R
authors.initials: IR
authors.lastname: Ellis
authors.forename: Sarah J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: Stéphane
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Perrier
authors.forename: Margaret M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Florence
authors.forename: Ana M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Schor
authors.forename: Seth L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Schor
mesh_terms: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D016207:Cytokines / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D005353:Fibronectins; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D012322:RNA Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D020413:3' Untranslated Regions; D016207:Cytokines; C067625:FN1 protein, human; D005353:Fibronectins; D012322:RNA Precursors