Neuropsychiatric effects of cocaine use disorders.
Individuals who use cocaine report a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms that are yet to be adequately targeted with treatment modalities. To address this problem requires an understanding of these symptoms and their neurobiological origins. Our paper reviewed the existing data on the neuropsychiatic implications of cocaine. We conducted a Medline search from 1984-2004 using terms, such as "cocaine", "cocaine addiction", "cocaine abuse", "cocaine neuropsychiatry" and "dual diagnosis". The search produced additional reference materials that were used in this review, although we focused on data that have likely clinical implications. The literature evidence suggested that, whereas acute cocaine overdose is potentially fatal, the ingestion of mild-to-moderate doses could result in fatal or nonfatal neuropsychiatric events. Also, chronic cocaine use may be associated with deficits in neurocognition, brain perfusion and brain activation patterns. Some of these deficits were unresolved with periods of abstinence ranging from 3-200 days. Taken together, these studies suggest the need for further investigations to fully characterize the neurobiological substrates of cocaine use disorders (CUDs) with the future possibility of more efficient treatment modalities.
Nnadi
Charles U
CU
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, Department of Psychiatry, Harlem Hospital Center, NY, USA.
Mimiko
Olubansile A
OA
McCurtis
Henry L
HL
Cadet
Jean Lud
JL
D000328:Adult; D001921:Brain / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003042:Cocaine / Q000506:poisoning; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications*; D003693:Delirium / Q000139:chemically induced; D003952:Diagnostic Imaging / Q000379:methods; D062787:Drug Overdose; D005059:Euphoria; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D009069:Movement Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000139:chemically induced; D011859:Radiography; D012640:Seizures / Q000139:chemically induced
D003042:Cocaine