title: Hemolytic anemia and induction of phase II detoxification enzymes by diprop-1-enyl sulfide in rats: dose-response study.
abstract: Epidemiological evidence indicates that a high dietary intake of plants of the Allium family, such as garlic and onions, is associated with a decreased risk of cancer in humans. It has been suggested that this chemopreventative effect involves the ability of the aliphatic sulfides derived from these vegetables to increase tissue activities of phase II detoxification enzymes. Several highly effective inducers from garlic have been identified, but most of the previously studied compounds from onion have proved to be only weakly active. In the present study, the inductive activity of another onion-derived sulfide, diprop-1-enyl sulfide, has been investigated. This substance was a potent inducer of phase II enzymes in rats, showing significant effects in the lungs and in the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract, suggesting that diprop-1-enyl sulfide could be a useful chemopreventative agent at these sites. At high dose levels, diprop-1-enyl sulfide caused hemolytic anemia, which may be due to in vivo conversion of the sulfide to active metabolites.
authors.affiliation: AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand. rex.munday@agresearch.co.nz
authors.forename: Rex
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Munday
authors.forename: Christine M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Munday
authors.forename: John S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Munday
mesh_terms: D000475:Alkenes / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000490:Allium / Q000737:chemistry*; D000743:Anemia, Hemolytic / Q000139:chemically induced*; D000818:Animals; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005982:Glutathione Transferase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D050217:Metabolic Detoxication, Phase II; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) / Q000096:biosynthesis; D019697:Onions / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D013440:Sulfides / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000475:Alkenes; D013440:Sulfides; C507575:diprop-1-enyl sulfide; D016660:NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); D005982:Glutathione Transferase