Do positive schizotypal symptoms predict false perceptual experiences in nonclinical populations?
We examined whether positive schizotypy (i.e., reports of hallucinatory and delusional-like experiences) in nonclinical participants could predict false perceptual experiences during detection of fast-moving words beyond a possible response bias. The participants (N = 160) were assigned to one of two conditions: they were asked either to make presence/absence judgments (loose criterion) or to read aloud every detected word (strict criterion). Regression analysis showed that high levels of positive schizotypy predicted false alarms in the loose condition and false perceptions of words in the strict condition. The obtained effects were independent of detection accuracy, task order, impulsivity, and social desirability. We discuss the results in the context of information processing biases linked to the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia. Clinical and theoretical implications are also considered.
Tsakanikos
Elias
E
Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, ESTIA Centre, 66 Snowfields, Lonson SE1 3SS, United Kingdom. etsakanikos@iop.kcl.ac.uk
Reed
Phil
P
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003702:Delusions / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006212:Hallucinations / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D010555:Personality Inventory; D011930:Reaction Time; D011936:Reality Testing; D021641:Recognition, Psychology; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D012569:Schizotypal Personality Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology*; D012660:Semantics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014705:Verbal Behavior