title: Treatment of localized prostate cancer using high-intensity focused ultrasound.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the biochemical disease-free survival (DFS), predictors of clinical outcome and morbidity of patients with localized prostate cancer treated with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), a noninvasive treatment that induces complete coagulative necrosis of a tumour at depth through the intact skin.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all, 63 patients with stage T1c-2bN0M0 localized prostate cancer underwent HIFU using the Sonablate system (Focus Surgery, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA). None of the patients received neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy. Biochemical recurrence was defined according to the criteria recommended by the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition, i.e. three consecutive increases in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level after the nadir. The median (range) age, PSA level and follow-up were 71 (45-87) years, 8.5 (3.39-57.0) ng/mL and 22.0 (3-63) months, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall biochemical disease-free rate was 75% (47 patients). The 3-year biochemical DFS rates for patients with a PSA level before HIFU of <10, 10.01-20 and >20 ng/mL were 82%, 62% and 20% (P < 0.001), respectively. The 3-year biochemical DFS rates for patients with a PSA nadir of <0.2, 0.21-1 and >1 ng/mL were 100%, 74% and 21% (P < 0.001), respectively. Final follow-up sextant biopsies showed that 55 (87%) of the patients were cancer-free. Multivariate analysis showed that the PSA nadir (P < 0.001) was a significant independent predictor of relapse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HIFU therapy appears to be a safe, effective and minimally invasive therapy for patients with localized prostate cancer, and the PSA nadir is a useful predictor of clinical outcome.
authors.affiliation: University of Tokai Hachioji Hospital, Hachioji, Japan. tuchida@green.ocn.ne.jp
authors.forename: Toyoaki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Uchida
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ohkusa
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nagata
authors.forename: Toru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hyodo
authors.forename: Takefumi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Satoh
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Irie
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000032:analysis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D036761:Ultrasound, High-Intensity Focused, Transrectal / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen