Bladder carcinoma: understanding advanced and metastatic disease with potential molecular therapeutic targets.
This article is an expert review of bladder cancer genetics focusing on genetic changes and their significance in the pathogenesis and progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma, in particular, muscle-invasive disease. Alongside the relevant genetic markers and their products, new therapeutic targets and agents that are being developed are presented.
Ahmed
Hashim Uddin
HU
Institute of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK. hashim_uddin_ahmed@hotmail.com
Arya
Manit
M
Patel
Hitendra R H
HR
D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
D005819:Genetic Markers