title: Process-oriented training in breastfeeding alters attitudes to breastfeeding in health professionals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of the study was to measure the attitudes of antenatal midwives and postnatal nurses to breastfeeding before and after common, process-oriented breastfeeding training.
  
  
  METHODS
  Antenatal centres and child-health centres in 10 municipalities were randomized to either an intervention or a control group. The antenatal midwives and postnatal nurses in the intervention group were together given process-oriented breastfeeding training and were, in addition, asked to develop a common breastfeeding policy. A previously developed instrument was used to measure the effects of a training programme on breastfeeding attitudes among midwives and postnatal nurses. It consisted of four scales measuring a person's attitudes toward breastfeeding in four dimensions: regulating, facilitating, disempowering, and breastfeeding-antipathy attitudes. A mean score was calculated for each individual on these four dimensional scales. The higher the score, the stronger the attitude.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After one year, the intervention group reduced their scores on the regulating scale when compared with the control group (p<0.001). The intervention group decreased their scores on the regulating scale and increased their scores on the facilitating scale over the first year after training. The control group also significantly increased their scores on the facilitating scale. When the results were analysed profession-wise, the postnatal nurses in the intervention group decreased their scores on the regulating and disempowering scales and increased their scores on the facilitating scale. In contrast, the midwives in the intervention group decreased their scores only on the breastfeeding antipathy scale. The control group midwives decreased their scores on the disempowering scale. No differences were found among the postnatal nurses in the control group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Process-oriented breastfeeding training made both antenatal midwives and postnatal nurses better disposed to breastfeeding; postnatal nurses in particular improved their attitudes. Attitudes to breastfeeding tended to be stable over time, but process-oriented training lowered the scores a little on the regulating scale, suggesting that after this kind of training counsellors would find it less necessary to schedule and control the mothers' breastfeeding behaviour.
authors.affiliation: School of Life Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden. anette.ekstrom@his.se
authors.forename: Anette
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ekström
authors.forename: Ann-Marie
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Widström
authors.forename: Eva
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Nissen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D001942:Breast Feeding / Q000523:psychology*; D003376:Counseling; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009721:Nurse Midwives / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D009726:Nurses / Q000523:psychology*; D011181:Postnatal Care; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013548:Sweden