The seventh transmembrane domains of the delta and kappa opioid receptors have different accessibility patterns and interhelical interactions.
We applied the substituted cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) to map the residues of the transmembrane helices (TMs) 7 of delta and kappa opioid receptors (deltaOR and kappaOR) that are on the water-accessible surface of the binding-site crevices. A total of 25 consecutive residues (except C7.38) in the TMs 7 were mutated to Cys, one at a time, and each mutant was expressed in HEK 293 cells. Most mutants displayed similar binding affinity for [(3)H]diprenorphine, an antagonist, as the wild types. Pretreatment with (2-aminoethyl)methanethiosulfonate (MTSEA) inhibited [(3)H]diprenorphine binding to eight deltaOR and eight kappaOR mutants. All mutants except deltaOR L7.52(317)C were protected by naloxone from the MTSEA effect, indicating that the side chains of V7.31(296), A7.34(299), I7.39(304), L7.41(306), G7.42(307), P7.50(315), and Y7.53(318) of deltaOR and S7.34(311), F7.37(314), I7.39(316), A7.40(317), L7.41(318), G7.42(319), Y7.43(320), and N7.49(326) of kappaOR are on the water-accessible surface of the binding pockets. Combining the SCAM data with rhodopsin-based molecular models of the receptors led to the following conclusions. (i) The residues of the extracellular portion of TM7 predicted to face TM1 are sensitive to MTSEA in kappaOR but are not in deltaOR. Thus, TM1 may be closer to TM7 in deltaOR than in kappaOR. (ii) MTSEA-sensitive mutants start at position 7.31(296) in deltaOR and at 7.34(311) in kappaOR, suggesting that TM7 in deltaOR may have an additional helical turn (from 7.30 to 7.33). (iii) There is a conserved hydrogen-bond network linking D2.50 of the NLxxxD motif in TM2 with W6.48 of the CWxP motif in TM6. (iv) The NPxxY motif in TM7 interacts with TM2, TM6, and helix 8 to maintain receptors in inactive states. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first such comparison of the structures of two highly homologous GPCRs.
Xu
Wei
W
Department of Pharmacology and Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Campillo
Mercedes
M
Pardo
Leonardo
L
Kim de Riel
J
J
Liu-Chen
Lee-Yuan
LY
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002417:Cattle; D002460:Cell Line; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D017433:Protein Structure, Secondary; D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000235:genetics; D016415:Sequence Alignment
D017465:Receptors, Opioid, delta; D017473:Receptors, Opioid, kappa; D003545:Cysteine