title: Clinical application of Carlsson's questionnaire to predict erosive GERD among healthy Chinese.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disease, yet there is no definitive gold standard to describe and diagnose it.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We used endoscopic examination and Carlsson's questionnaire to evaluate the prevalence of erosive esophagitis during health examinations of individuals in Taiwan.
  
  
  METHODS
  From October 2001 to March 2002, 778 people underwent self-paid health examinations including esophagogastroduodenoscopic examinations. All subjects completed Carlsson's questionnaire before endoscopy. We determined the positive predict rate, negative predict rate, sensitivity, and specificity of the Carlsson's score for predicting esophagitis and relationships of the score (score > or =4 vs score <4) and esophagitis based on sex, age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, peptic ulcer and drinking habits.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and thirty-one people with scores > or =4 were highly suspected to have GERD. Of them, 21 were diagnosed as having reflux erosive esophagitis (16.0%) on endoscopic examination. Of 647 people whose scores were <4, 49 were diagnosed with having reflux erosive esophagitis (7.6%). Thus, 70 people were diagnosed as having erosive esophagitis for a prevalence of 9% (70 of 778). The difference between scores > or =4 and <4 to detect esophagitis differed significantly (P < 0.001). Total esophagitis differed significantly according to BMI, drinking habit and sex.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is 9.00% at a single medical center in Taiwan. Esophagitis is positively related to higher BMI, alcohol consumption and being of male sex. Predicting the prevalence of esophagitis in a general population by using Carlsson's questionnaire was unsatisfactory.
authors.affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Chih-Sheng
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Hung
authors.forename: Chia-Long
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Jui-Neng
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pen-Te
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Liao
authors.forename: Tien-Chien
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tu
authors.forename: Tzen-Kwan
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Chi-Hwa
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Wu
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D004942:Esophagitis, Peptic / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013624:Taiwan / Q000453:epidemiology