title: Cell proliferation and drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma are modulated by Rho GTPase signals.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma is highly resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, thus the need to discover effective therapeutic molecules to suppress cancer cell growth and to overcome drug resistance is urgent. The Rho GTPase is implicated in cancer and metastasis and is directly activated by the Lymphoid blast crisis (Lbc) protooncogene, a Rho guanine-nucleotide exchange factor. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of Lbc in hepatocarcinoma and to determine the effect of Lbc-induced Rho signaling on expression, growth rate and resistance to genotoxic stress. We found, by immunohistochemical analysis of biopsy samples and Northern and Western blot analyses of cell lines, that Lbc is absent in normal adult liver but is abundantly expressed in hepatocarcinoma, implying an increased Rho pathway signaling. Lbc stably transfected hepatocarcinoma cells exhibit increased proliferation and levels of ERK and cyclin D1 activation, which are blocked by a Rho inhibitor. In contrast, AKT activation was not altered. Moreover, Lbc expression confers increased resistance to genotoxic stress induced by doxorubicin, which is associated with upregulation of Bcl-2 and BAD phosphorylation, and this is reversed by a Rho inhibitor. In conclusion, these data support a role for Rho in liver cancer progression and resistance to therapy and may provide a basis for developing effective treatment for hepatocarcinoma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gastroenterology, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy. clingastro@univpm.it
authors.forename: Paola
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sterpetti
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Marucci
authors.forename: Cinzia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Candelaresi
authors.forename: Deniz
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Toksoz
authors.forename: Gianfranco
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Alpini
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ugili
authors.forename: Gianluca Svegliati
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Baroni
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macarri
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Benedetti
mesh_terms: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / Q000378:metabolism; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D005260:Female; D005706:Gallbladder Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D054758:A Kinase Anchor Proteins; C085467:AKAP13 protein, human; D048868:Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D004317:Doxorubicin; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins