title: A single-gene biomarker identifies breast cancers associated with immature cell type and short duration of prior breastfeeding.
abstract: The pathogenesis of breast cancers that do not express estrogen receptors or Her-2/neu receptors (ER-/HER2- phenotype) is incompletely understood. We had observed markedly elevated gene expression of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptor subunit pi (GABApi, GABRP) in some breast cancers with ER-/HER2- phenotype. In this study, transcriptional profiles (TxPs) were obtained from 82 primary invasive breast cancers by oligonucleotide microarrays. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure GABApi gene expression in a separate cohort of 121 invasive breast cancers. GABApi gene expression values from TxP and RT-PCR were standardized and compared with clinicopathologic characteristics in the 203 patients. GABApi gene expression was increased in 16% of breast cancers (13/82 TxP, 20/ 121 RT-PCR), particularly in breast cancers with ER-/HER2- phenotype (60%), and breast cancers with basal-like genomic profile (60%). The profile of genes coexpressed with GABApi in these tumors was consistent with an immature cell type. In multivariate linear regression analysis, the level of GABApi gene expression was associated with ER-/HER2- phenotype (P < 0.0001), younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.0003), and shorter lifetime duration of breastfeeding (< or = 6 months) in all women (P = 0.017) and specifically in parous women (P = 0.013). GABApi gene expression was also associated with combinations of high grade with ER-/HER2- phenotype (P = 0.002), and with Hispanic ethnicity (P = 0.036). GABApi gene expression is increased in breast cancers of immature (undifferentiated) cell type and is significantly associated with shorter lifetime history of breastfeeding and with high-grade breast cancer in Hispanic women.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA. fsymmans@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Symmans
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Fiterman
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ayers
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rouzier
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Dunmire
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stec
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Valero
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sneige
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Albarracin
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Wagner
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Theriault
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Arun
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kuerer
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Hess
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Hortobagyi
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pusztai
mesh_terms: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics*; D001942:Breast Feeding; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000737:chemistry / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011963:Receptors, GABA-A; C519780:GABRP protein, human