title: Racial differences in pelvic morphology among asymptomatic nulliparous women as seen on three-dimensional magnetic resonance images.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Compare pelvic morphology between asymptomatic African-American and white nulliparous women.
  
  
  METHODS
  Resting supine T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were obtained in 12 African-American (AA) and 10 white American (WA) women without pelvic floor dysfunction. Three-dimensional models were reconstructed from the MR images by a masked investigator, and predefined bony and soft tissue pelvic floor parameters were measured and compared. Nonparametric statistics were used, with significance considered at P < .05.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Subjects were similar in age and body mass index. Levator ani volume was significantly greater in the AA versus the WA group (mean = 26.8 vs 19.8 cm3, P = .002). The levator-symphysis gap was smaller in the AA (left-18.2, right-18.8 mm) versus the WA group (22.4, 22.6 mm, P = .003, .048) on the left and right. Significant differences were seen in bladder neck position, urethral angle, and the pubic arch angle.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased muscle bulk and closer puborectalis attachment seen among the African-American nulliparous women may impact the development of pelvic floor dysfunction. These findings need further study.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
authors.forename: Lennox
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hoyte
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Raymond T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: Susan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shott
authors.forename: Marianna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jakab
authors.forename: Alison C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Weidner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010298:Parity; D010384:Pelvic Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D010388:Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014521:Urethra / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D044465:White People