title: Heat stress, plasma concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and cortisol, mood state and cognitive performance.
abstract: The primary aims of this paper were to examine the effect of heat stress on working memory, choice reaction time and mood state, and to investigate the relationship between heat induced changes in plasma concentrations of selected neurotransmitters and hormones, and cognition. Heat stress resulted in a deterioration of performance on a central executive task (random movement generation) but not on verbal and spatial recall, and choice reaction time tasks. Perceptions of vigour decreased and fatigue increased following exposure to heat stress. Plasma concentrations of cortisol and 5-hydroxytryptamine significantly increased following exposure to heat. Regression analyses showed that percent body mass loss and change from baseline (Delta) concentrations of cortisol, post-exposure to heat, were significant predictors of Delta random movement generation and Delta fatigue. A secondary purpose was to examine the effect of recovery on cognition and mood. Following recovery, the performance of the central executive task was poorer than pre-treatment. Mood states, catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine concentrations returned to pre-treatment values, but cortisol fell to a level significantly lower. Regression correlations showed that Delta adrenaline and Delta scores, post-recovery, on the central executive task were significantly correlated. Delta noradrenaline correlated significantly with Delta fatigue. It was concluded that heat stress results in deterioration in the performance of central executive tasks and perceptions of mood state, and that this can be predicted by changes in body mass loss and plasma concentrations of the hormones cortisol and adrenaline.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Sports Science and Medicine, University College Chichester, College Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 6PE, UK. t.mcmorris@ucc.ac.uk
authors.forename: Terry
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McMorris
authors.forename: Jon
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Swain
authors.forename: Marcus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Jo
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Corbett
authors.forename: Simon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Delves
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sale
authors.forename: Roger C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D006916:5-Hydroxytryptophan / Q000097:blood*; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect / Q000502:physiology*; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D001288:Attention / Q000502:physiology; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000502:physiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D018882:Heat Stress Disorders / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000502:physiology*; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D009949:Orientation / Q000502:physiology; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D012691:Serial Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014706:Verbal Learning / Q000502:physiology; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D006916:5-Hydroxytryptophan; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine