title: [A new method for standardized diagnosis following renal transplantation. Ultrasound with contrast enhancement].
abstract: Ultrasound (US) imaging is an important diagnostic tool following renal transplantation. Unfortunately, due to the heterogeneity of the recipients and their multimorbidity, imaging procedures in the early phase after kidney transplantation are difficult and of limited use. We performed a study to evaluate the use of a contrast enhancer for US examination as a standardized method in the follow-up of kidney transplant recipients.The study included 40 recipients: 32 were examined on the 5th to 7th day following transplantation and 8 patients at the time when clinically suspicious findings occurred (acute rejection, tumor, acute tubular necrosis). Following the intravenous application of the contrast medium, pictures were taken during the arterial and parenchymatous phase and compared with conventional B-mode and power Doppler pictures of the same visual plane. Three examiners assessed different parameters of the transplant organ (max. vascularized area, suspected hematomas, tumors, rejection, acute tubular necrosis). Findings were confirmed by histological results of a biopsy if rejection, tumor, or acute tubular necrosis were suspected. Application of ultrasound contrast medium significantly increased visualization of the vascularized kidney area. Also, US findings in the follow-up after acute rejection therapy corresponded with the clinical course; 19 hematomas could be detected with contrast medium compared to only 9 without. With contrast medium a perfusion deficit was detectable in three patients compared to one patient with power Doppler US. Also, US contrast medium helped to detect tumor vascularization in two patients in whom conventional sonography suspected no abnormality. Ultrasound contrast medium enhancement is a reproducible, reliable, and easy to apply method which is superior to conventional sonography in the follow-up after kidney transplantation. This method is also helpful to detect and control acute rejections and to better visualize hematomas, deficits of perfusion, and tumors.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Charité, Campus Mitte, Universitätsmedizin, Schumannstrtasse 20/21, 10098 Berlin. thom.fischer@charite.de
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fischer
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ebeling
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Giessing
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mühler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Filimonow
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dieckhöfer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lembcke
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rudolph
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morgera
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Budde
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hamm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005858:Germany; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007673:Kidney Cortex Necrosis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology; D016030:Kidney Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care / Q000379:methods / Q000592:standards; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians' / Q000592:standards; D011379:Prognosis; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity