title: Factors associated with incontinence frequency in a surgical cohort of stress incontinent women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with urinary incontinence severity at baseline in women undergoing surgery for stress incontinence.
  
  
  METHODS
  Baseline data were obtained from 650 women (age 28 to 81 years) with stress incontinence participating in a randomized surgical trial. Severity of incontinence was defined by the mean number of incontinence episodes per day recorded in a 3-day bladder diary. The relationships between severity and several baseline variables were examined, including demographics, medical, obstetric, and gynecologic history, body mass index, smoking status, Q-tip displacement, and Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification stage (POP-Q).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In a multivariable model, severity of incontinence was positively associated with body mass index (P = .0003) and current smoking (P = .01), and negatively associated with prolapse stage (P < .0001) and Q-tip displacement (P = .042).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Incontinence severity in a surgical population was independently associated with 2 modifiable factors, obesity and tobacco use, as well as pelvic support.
authors.affiliation: Division of Medical Surgical Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.
authors.forename: Holly E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Kathryn L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Burgio
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Brubaker
authors.forename: Pamela A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Moalli
authors.forename: Alayne D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Markland
authors.forename: Veronica
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mallet
authors.forename: Shawn A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Menefee
authors.forename: Harry W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: Muriel K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Boreham
authors.forename: Kimberly J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Dandreo
authors.forename: Anne M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Stoddard
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015992:Body Mass Index; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D025341:Principal Component Analysis; D011788:Quality of Life; D016032:Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D014563:Urodynamics; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000453:epidemiology