title: Activation of neutrophils in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a spectrum of disease of unknown etiology defined by infiltrates of activated and malignant T cells in the skin. In working with blood from CTCL patients, we noticed frequent activation of neutrophils; therefore, we tested the hypothesis that neutrophils are activated in CTCL subjects compared with normal healthy controls.
  
  
  METHODS
  Using peripheral blood of 44 subjects with CTCL and 15 normal controls, we examined three measures of neutrophil activation. These are the presence of neutrophils of reduced buoyant density, the presence of primed neutrophils in a stimulated chemiluminescence assay, and changes in surface markers by flow cytometry. In addition, we tested plasma interleukin-8 (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels using ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A significantly larger fraction of hypodense neutrophils was observed in CTCL subjects compared with normals (10.6 +/- 1.7% versus 1.5 +/- 0.4%). Stimulated chemiluminescence was also significantly increased in CTCL, and analysis of neutrophil surface markers using flow cytometry showed significantly increased CD11b and CD66b and decreased CD62L, consistent with neutrophil activation. These changes were present even in early stages of CTCL. We further found that plasma IL-8 and LTB4 levels are elevated in CTCL, which could form a feedback loop contributing to disease pathophysiology.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CTCL is associated with systemic neutrophil activation, even in early disease, and a feedback loop between neutrophils and T cells mediated by IL-8 and LTB4 is a potential contribution to the pathophysiology of CTCL.
authors.affiliation: Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
authors.forename: Deborah S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Goddard
authors.forename: Kei-ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamanaka
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Kupper
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000378:metabolism; D039481:CD11b Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000097:blood; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000378:metabolism; D007975:Leukotriene B4 / Q000097:blood; D049449:Luminescence; D016410:Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous / Q000276:immunology*; D018375:Neutrophil Activation; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000276:immunology*; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D039481:CD11b Antigen; C504120:CEACAM8 protein, human; D015815:Cell Adhesion Molecules; D058851:GPI-Linked Proteins; D016209:Interleukin-8; D019041:L-Selectin; D007975:Leukotriene B4