title: Through central arginine vasopressin, not oxytocin and endogenous opiate peptides, glutamate sodium induces hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus enhancing acupuncture analgesia in the rat.
abstract: Our previous study proved that the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) plays an important role in acupuncture analgesia. The neuropeptides involving in the PVH regulation of acupuncture analgesia was investigated in the rat. The changes of pain threshold, which was induced by electrical acupuncture of "Zusanli" points (St. 36), were measured as acupuncture analgesia. Microinjection of l-glutamate sodium into the PVH, which only excites the PVH neurons, could dose-dependently enhance the acupuncture analgesia, but microinjection of l-glutamate sodium into the area nearby the PVH did not alter acupuncture analgesia. Removing pituitary did not influence this effect of l-glutamate sodium. Microinjection of l-glutamate sodium into the PVH only increased the arginine vasopressin (AVP), not oxytocin (OXT), leucine enkephaline (L-Ek), beta-endorphine (beta-Ep) and dynorphinA(1-13) (DynA(1-13)) concentrations in the PVH perfuse liquid using radioimmunoassay. Intraventricular injection of anti-arginine vasopressin serum (AAVPS) could completely reverse the effect of microinjection of l-glutamate sodium into the PVH enhancing acupuncture analgesia. Intraventricular injection of naloxone, one opiate peptide antagonist, partly attenuated this effect of l-glutamate sodium, and intraventricular of anti-oxytocin serum (AOXTS) did not change this effect of l-glutamate sodium. The results suggested that l-glutamate sodium induces the PVH enhancing acupuncture analgesia only through AVP, not OXT and endogenous opiate peptides in central nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nanfan Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China. yj6676@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Wen-Yan
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Cao-You
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Song
authors.forename: Bao-Cheng
authors.initials: BC
authors.lastname: Lin
mesh_terms: D015667:Acupuncture Analgesia; D000818:Animals; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004399:Dynorphins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D015671:Electroacupuncture; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018698:Glutamic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009292:Narcotic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D018847:Opioid Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000378:metabolism; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000502:physiology*; D010286:Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D009292:Narcotic Antagonists; D018847:Opioid Peptides; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D001127:Arginine Vasopressin; D009270:Naloxone; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D010121:Oxytocin; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; C026843:dynorphin (1-13); D004399:Dynorphins