title: Modifying physical activity in a multiethnic sample of low-income women: one-year results from the IMPACT (Increasing Motivation for Physical ACTivity) project.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Ethnic minorities or those with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality, compared to higher SES Whites. National surveys also indicate that low-income, ethnic minority women have the highest rates of inactivity in the United States.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This study (the Increasing Motivation for Physical ACTivity or IMPACT study) promoted adoption and maintenance of physical activity (PA) in sedentary, low-income women participating in federally funded job training programs.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study consisted of 2 months of weekly 1-hr classes, then random assignment to 10 months of either home-based telephone counseling for PA plus information and feedback via mailed newsletters (Phone + Mail Counseling condition) or just the mailed newsletters (Mail Support condition). The IMPACT intervention included behavior change strategies for PA as well as discussions related to motivational readiness for PA change. Participants completed surveys and physiological assessments at baseline after the classes ended (i.e., at 10 weeks) and at 6 and 12 months postbaseline. Seventy-three percent of randomized participants (n = 72) were Latina, with a mean age of 32 +/- 10 years. More than half the women had not completed high school, and 73% had an annual income less than 20,000 dollars.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After 10 months of a home-based intervention, women in the phone + mail counseling condition had significantly greater increases in estimated total energy expenditure compared to women in the mail support condition (p < .05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regular PA counseling delivered via the telephone and through the mail appears effective for encouraging regular PA among low-income women transitioning from welfare or job training to the workforce.
authors.affiliation: Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA. calbright@crch.hawaii.edu
authors.forename: Cheryl L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Albright
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pruitt
authors.forename: Cynthia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Castro
authors.forename: Alma
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: Sandi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Woo
authors.forename: Abby C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: King
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002140:California; D003376:Counseling; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D015444:Exercise / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education; D006630:Hispanic or Latino / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011177:Postal Service; D011203:Poverty; D013689:Telephone