title: Complex organic matter in Titan's atmospheric aerosols from in situ pyrolysis and analysis.
abstract: Aerosols in Titan's atmosphere play an important role in determining its thermal structure. They also serve as sinks for organic vapours and can act as condensation nuclei for the formation of clouds, where the condensation efficiency will depend on the chemical composition of the aerosols. So far, however, no direct information has been available on the chemical composition of these particles. Here we report an in situ chemical analysis of Titan's aerosols by pyrolysis at 600 degrees C. Ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) have been identified as the main pyrolysis products. This clearly shows that the aerosol particles include a solid organic refractory core. NH3 and HCN are gaseous chemical fingerprints of the complex organics that constitute this core, and their presence demonstrates that carbon and nitrogen are in the aerosols.
authors.affiliation: Service d'Aéronomie UMR 7620 CNRS, ISPL, Universities Paris 6 and Versailles-Saint Quentin, Verrières-le-Buisson, F 91371, France. Guy.israel@aerov.jussieu.fr
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Israël
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Szopa
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Raulin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cabane
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Atreya
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: J-F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Brun
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Chassefière
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Coll
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Condé
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coscia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hauchecorne
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Millian
authors.forename: M-J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Nguyen
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Owen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Riedler
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Samuelson
authors.forename: J-M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Siguier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steller
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sternberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidal-Madjar
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols / Q000737:chemistry; D000641:Ammonia / Q000032:analysis; D001272:Atmosphere / Q000737:chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000032:analysis; D005118:Extraterrestrial Environment / Q000737:chemistry*; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D005740:Gases / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006856:Hydrogen Cyanide / Q000032:analysis; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009930:Organic Chemicals / Q000032:analysis*; D018539:Saturn
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D005740:Gases; D009930:Organic Chemicals; D006856:Hydrogen Cyanide; D002244:Carbon; D000641:Ammonia; D009584:Nitrogen