title: Cadmium concentration in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) from different countries and its relationship with other elements.
abstract: Cadmium accumulation in crop plants, such as tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), can lead to human exposure to this carcinogenic metal. To better define actual Cd distribution in cured or processed tobacco leaves from chief tobacco-producing regions, we analyzed 755 leaf samples of three major types (Flue-cured, Burley, and Oriental) obtained from 13 countries during 2001-2003. This survey may help identify regions with low- or high-Cd concentrations in tobacco to obtain insight into the cause of the concentration extremes and to assist in defining strategies to reduce Cd in tobacco. Cadmium concentrations in the samples ranged from 0 to 6.78 microg g(-1), as determined by ICP-MS. Significant differences were found among types and among countries, but significant interactions between type and country were found. Variations in Cd concentrations were also found in all countries. Our results suggest an important contribution of the field (e.g., bioavailable Cd in soil, other soil characteristics) to the Cd concentration in tobacco. Finally, the correlation between the concentration of Cd and that of other elements differed among the types, which could be effectively discriminated based on the concentrations of 20 elements.
authors.affiliation: Philip Morris International R&D, c/o Philip Morris Products SA, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland. nicolas.lugon-moulin@pmintl.com
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lugon-Moulin
authors.forename: Florian
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Marc R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Krauss
authors.forename: Patrice B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Ramey
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rossi
mesh_terms: D000569:Americas; D001208:Asia; D002104:Cadmium / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D005060:Europe; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000737:chemistry; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D002104:Cadmium