title: Diagnosis and treatment of bacterial pneumonia in liver transplantation recipients: report of 33 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bacterial pneumonia in the recipients of liver transplantation (LTX) is a common postoperative complication influencing the prognosis greatly. In this article, the diagnosis and treatment of bacterial pneumonia in 33 LTX recipients are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  From February 1999 to January 2003, a total of 103 patients underwent allogeneic LTX at our center; afterwards, a retrospective analysis was made on their postoperative clinical manifestations, including symptoms (expectoration, panting and fever), sign (rale), results of laboratory examinations (white blood cell count and sputum culture of tracheal secretions or pleural fluid culture), and chest X-ray films. The following data of the pneumonia and non-pneumonia groups were collected, and the rank sum test (SPSS 11.0, Wilcoxon's method) was used to analyze the duration of postoperative respirator utilization and the volume of pleural effusion through pleurocentesis or pleural drainage.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the 103 patients, 33 experienced 53 episodes of bacterial pneumonia during their hospital stay after transplantation, 14 of them (42.42%) had more than three manifestations of the seven mentioned above. The pathogens causing bacterial pneumonia included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.48%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.53%), Acinetobacter baumannii (10.68%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7.77%). Amilkacin, tienam, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, etc. were the antibiotics of choice against those bacteria. Acute rejection occurred during the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in 16 patients, and 5 of them died. Wilcoxon's rank sum test of the data indicated that the pneumonia group had longer duration of postoperative ventilator treatment and larger volume of pleural effusion than the non-pneumonia group (P < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The clinical manifestations of pneumonia after LTX might be atypical, and special attention should be paid to the respiratory symptoms and signs within 2 months after LTX. Whenever the diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia is confirmed, consideration should be given to reasonable use of antibiotics and regulation of immunity in addition to other routine therapies.
authors.affiliation: Liver Transplantation Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China. mayukui@sohu.com
authors.forename: Yu-kui
authors.initials: YK
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Lü-nan
authors.initials: LN
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Bo
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Shi-chun
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: An-hua
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Tian-fu
authors.initials: TF
authors.lastname: Wen
authors.forename: Yong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Nan-sheng
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Cheng
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016031:Liver Transplantation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018410:Pneumonia, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000276:immunology; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents