title: Hepatitis C infection: a systemic disease with extrahepatic manifestations.
abstract: Mixed cryoglobulinemia, renal syndromes, lymphoproliferative disorders, Sjögren syndrome, porphyria cutanea tarda, and neuropathies are all strongly associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Diabetes, thyroid disease, and the presence of autoantibodies in the serum are also linked to HCV, but less strongly. The pathophysiologic basis for most of these syndromes seems immunologic. Cirrhosis and chronic HCV infection seem to be risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Internal Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, OH 44195, USA.
authors.forename: Aman
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ali
authors.forename: Nizar N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Zein
mesh_terms: D003449:Cryoglobulinemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015432:Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008232:Lymphoproliferative Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012307:Risk Factors; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology