title: Correlation between the structure of water in the vicinity of carboxybetaine polymers and their blood-compatibility.
abstract: The structure and hydrogen bonding of water in the vicinity of carboxybetaine homopolymer (poly[1-carboxy-N,N-dimethyl-N-(2'-methacryloyloxyethyl)methanaminium inner salt] (PolyCMB), and a random copolymer of CMB and n-butyl methacrylate, Poly(CMB-r-BMA), with various molecular weights were analyzed in their aqueous solutions and thin film with contours of O-H stretching of Raman and attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectra, respectively. The relative intensity of the collective band (C value) corresponding to a long-range coupling of O-H stretchings of the Raman spectra for aqueous solution of Poly(CMB-r-BMA) was very close to that for pure water, which is in contrast with the smaller C value in aqueous solution of ordinary polyelectrolytes. The number of hydrogen bonds collapsed by the presence of one monomer residue (N(corr) value) of PolyCMB and Poly(CMB-r-BMA) (CMB, 45 mol %) (M(w), 1.14 x 10(4) and 1.78 x 10(4), respectively) could be calculated from the C value. The N(corr) values were much smaller than those for ordinary polyelectrolytes and close to those for nonionic water-soluble polymers such as poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone). Furthermore, a water-insoluble Poly(CMB-r-BMA) with a large BMA content (M(w) = 347 kD, CMB 27 mol %) could be cast as a thin film (thickness, ca. 10 microm) on a ZnSe crystal for the ATR-IR analyses. At an early stage of sorption of water into the Poly(CMB-r-BMA) film, the O-H stretching band of IR spectra for the water incorporated in the film was similar to that for free water, which is in contrast with the drastic change in the O-H stretching band of water incorporated in polymer films such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA). The theoretical vibrational frequency for water molecules hydrating a betaine molecule calculated by using a density functional method supported the experimental results. The adhesion of human platelets to Poly(CMB-r-BMA) films was much less than that to PMMA and PBMA. With an increase in the content of CMB residue, the number of platelets adhered to the Poly(CMB-r-BMA) film drastically decreased and then gradually increased, probably due to the increase in the roughness of the film surface. These results suggest that the carboxybetaine monomer residues with a zwitterionic structure do not significantly disturb the hydrogen bonding between water molecules in both aqueous solution and thin film systems, resulting in the excellent blood-compatibility of the carboxybetaine polymers.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Toyama University, Japan. kitano@eng.toyama-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiromi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kitano
authors.forename: Susumu
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tada
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Kohei
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Takaha
authors.forename: Makoto
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gemmei-Ide
authors.forename: Masaru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Mitsuhiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukuda
authors.forename: Yoshiyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
mesh_terms: D001622:Betaine / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D015394:Molecular Structure; D011108:Polymers / Q000737:chemistry; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014867:Water / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D011108:Polymers; D014867:Water; D001622:Betaine; D012965:Sodium Chloride