title: Consequences for Protaphorura armata (Collembola: Onychiuridae) following exposure to genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize and non-Bt maize.
abstract: Studies on the effect of genetically modified Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops on true soil dwelling non-target arthropods are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a 4-week exposure to two Bt maize varieties (Cry1Ab) Cascade and MEB307 on the collembolan Protaphorura armata. For comparison three non-Bt maize varieties, Rivaldo (isogenic to Cascade), Monumental (isogenic to MEB307) and DK242, and two control diets based on baker's yeast (uncontaminated and contaminated with Bt toxin Cry1Ab) were also tested. Due to a lower C:N ratio, individuals reared on yeast performed significantly better in all of the measured endpoints than those reared on maize. P. armata performed equally well when reared on two Bt and three non-Bt maize varieties. Although there were no negative effects of Bt maize in this experiment, we recommend future studies on Bt crops to focus on species interactions in long-term, multi-species experiments.
authors.affiliation: National Environmental Research Institute, Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, PO Box 314, DK-8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
authors.forename: Lars-Henrik
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Heckmann
authors.forename: Bryan S
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Griffiths
authors.forename: Sandra
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Caul
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Marianne
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pusztai-Carey
authors.forename: William J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Moar
authors.forename: Mathias N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: Paul Henning
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Krogh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001181:Arthropods / Q000502:physiology*; D001413:Bacillus thuringiensis; D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000235:genetics*; D004032:Diet; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000235:genetics*; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D007300:Insect Control; D008018:Life Cycle Stages; D030821:Plants, Genetically Modified; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D036401:Toxicity Tests, Chronic; D015003:Yeasts; D003313:Zea mays / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D000083722:Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004731:Endotoxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C030956:insecticidal crystal protein, Bacillus Thuringiensis