title: Consequences of conversion in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Laparoscopic procedures converted to open approaches have been associated with higher complication rates than laparoscopic and open cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Laparoscopic colorectal resections have relatively high conversion rates compared with other laparoscopic procedures. This study was designed to evaluate outcomes of conversions compared with laparoscopic and open colorectal resections.
  
  
  METHODS
  We reviewed 498 consecutive colorectal resections performed between 1995 and 2002. Procedures were divided into laparoscopic colorectal resections, open colorectal resections, or conversions. Demographics, underlying disease, type of procedure performed, and operative outcomes were compared between groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 238 laparoscopic procedures performed, 182 were completed laparoscopically and 56 (23 percent) required conversion; 260 were performed open. Conversions were associated with greater blood loss (200 (range, 50-750) vs. 100 (range, 30-900) ml), longer time to first bowel movement (82 (range, 40-504) vs. 72 (range, 12-420) hr), and longer length of stay (6 (range, 2-67) vs.. 5 (range, 2-62) days) than the laparoscopic colorectal resections group. There was no difference in operative time, transfusion requirements, intraoperative and postoperative complications, or mortality between conversions and laparoscopic colorectal resections. Conversions resulted in fewer patients requiring transfusions (4 vs. 14 percent), shorter time to first bowel movement (82 (range, 40-504) vs. 93 (range, 24-240) hr), and shorter length of stay (6 (range, 2-67) vs. 7 (range, 2-180) days) than in the open colorectal resections group. There were no differences in complications or mortality between the conversion group and the open colorectal resections group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Laparoscopic colorectal resections has a relatively high conversion rate; however, the converted cases have outcomes similar to open colorectal resections. In fact, the converted group required fewer blood transfusions than the open group. Experience and good judgment are fundamental for timely conversion of a laparoscopic procedure to open to decrease complication rates. Despite a high conversion rate, surgeons should consider laparoscopic colorectal resections, because even when necessary, conversion does not result in poorer outcomes than laparoscopic colorectal resections or open colorectal resections.
authors.affiliation: Emory Endosurgery Unit, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
authors.forename: Rodrigo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Gonzalez
authors.forename: C Daniel
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: Edward
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mason
authors.forename: Titus
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Duncan
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Jacqueline
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: Bruce J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Ramshaw
mesh_terms: D003082:Colectomy; D003108:Colonic Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012002:Rectal Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome