title: A long-term study in Angora goats experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: clinical disease, faecal culture and immunological studies.
abstract: Two longitudinal experiments involving Angora goats challenged with either bovine or ovine strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) have been conducted over a period of 54 and 35 months, respectively. Blood samples for the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) test and the absorbed ELISA and faecal samples for bacteriological culture were taken pre-challenge and monthly post-challenge. Persistent shedding, IFN-gamma production, seroconversion and clinical disease occurred earlier with the bovine Map gut mucosal tissue challenge inoculum than with cultured bacteria. The IFN-gamma responses of the gut mucosal tissue and bacterial challenge groups were substantially and consistently higher than those of the control group. The in vivo and cultured cattle strains were much more pathogenic for goats than the sheep strains with persistent faecal shedding, seroconversion and clinical disease occurring in the majority of bovine Map challenged goats. With the ovine Map, 3 goats developed persistent antibody responses but only one of these goats developed persistent faecal shedding and clinical disease. However, there was no significant difference between the IFN-gamma responses of the tissue challenged, bacterial challenged and control groups. Compared with sheep, the ELISA appeared to have higher sensitivity and the IFN-gamma test lower specificity.
authors.affiliation: CSIRO Livestock Industries, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong 3220, Vic., Australia.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Vaughan
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Stiles
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Noske
authors.forename: M L V
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Tizard
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Prowse
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Michalski
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000662:veterinary; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D015511:Goat Diseases / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D006041:Goats; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000097:blood; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000382:microbiology; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D016927:Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D010283:Paratuberculosis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D007371:Interferon-gamma