title: Premature condensation induces breaks at the interface of early and late replicating chromosome bands bearing common fragile sites.
abstract: Various studies suggest a tight relationship between chromosome rearrangements driving tumor progression and breaks at loci called common fragile sites. Most of these sites are induced after perturbation of the replication dynamics, notably by aphidicolin treatment. We have mapped the majority of these sites to the interface of R and G bands, which calls into question the previous assignment of aphidicolin-sensitive sites to R bands. This observation suggests that most of them correspond to loci that ensure the transition between early and late replicating domains. We show that calyculin A, which triggers chromosome condensation at any phase of the cell cycle but does not markedly impair replication, induces damage in the chromosomes of human lymphocytes treated in G(2) but not in G(1) phase. We demonstrate that these lesions colocalize with those induced by aphidicolin treatment. Hence, common fragile site stability is compromised, whether aphidicolin delays replication or calyculin A advances condensation. We also show that, in cells that go through an unperturbed S phase, completion of their replication and/or replication-associated chromatin reorganization occur all along the G(2) phase, which may explain their inability to condense properly after calyculin A treatment during this phase of the cell cycle.
authors.affiliation: Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7147, Paris, France.
authors.forename: Eliane
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: El Achkar
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gerbault-Seureau
authors.forename: Martine
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muleris
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dutrillaux
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Debatisse
mesh_terms: D016590:Aphidicolin / Q000633:toxicity*; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D019457:Chromosome Breakage / Q000235:genetics*; D043283:Chromosome Fragile Sites / Q000235:genetics*; D022202:Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D004261:DNA Replication / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D017404:In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; D007399:Interphase / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology*; D008387:Marine Toxins; D010080:Oxazoles / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D010080:Oxazoles; D016590:Aphidicolin; C059041:calyculin A; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine