title: Nitric oxide-dependent reduction in soluble guanylate cyclase functionality accounts for early lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in vascular reactivity.
abstract: We investigated the role of soluble guanylate cyclase in lipopolysaccharide-induced hyporesponsiveness to phenylephrine. The effects of phenylephrine on the blood pressure of female Wistar rats were evaluated at 2, 8, and 24 h after lipopolysaccharide injection (12.5 mg/kg i.p.). Vasoconstrictive responses to phenylephrine were reduced 40 to 50% in all time periods. Methylene blue, a soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor (15 micromol/kg i.v.) restored the reactivity to phenylephrine in animals injected with lipopolysaccharide 2 and 24 h earlier. However, it failed to do so in animals injected with lipopolysaccharide 8 h earlier. Incubation with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased lung and aorta cGMP levels in control animals and in tissues of rats treated with lipopolysaccharide 24 h earlier. However, SNP failed to increase tissue cGMP in rats injected 8 h earlier. Lipopolysaccharide reduced the vasodilatory response to NO donors 8 h after injection. This effect and the decreased lung cGMP accumulation in response to SNP were reversed by an NO synthase blocker. Guanylate cyclase protein levels were lower than controls in lungs harvested from rats injected 8 h earlier and were back to normal values in lungs of rats injected 24 h earlier with lipopolysaccharide. Thus, data indicate that there is a temporal window of 8 h after lipopolysaccharide injection in which soluble guanylate cyclase is not functional and that this loss of function is NO-dependent. Thus, the putative use of soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitors in the treatment of endotoxemia may be beneficial mainly at early stages of this condition.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil.
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: José Eduardo
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: da Silva-Santos
authors.forename: Danielle
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Duma
authors.forename: Christina Gaspar
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Villela
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Barja-Fidalgo
authors.forename: Jamil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Assreuy
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D006152:Cyclic GMP / Q000378:metabolism; D019446:Endotoxemia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester / Q000494:pharmacology; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000187:drug effects; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D020030:Nitric Oxide Donors; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D009599:Nitroprusside; D010656:Phenylephrine; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D019001:Nitric Oxide Synthase; D006162:Guanylate Cyclase; D006152:Cyclic GMP; D008751:Methylene Blue; D019331:NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester