title: Linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of gelastic seizures due to hypothalamic hamartoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There are reports of successful gamma-knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of gelastic seizures associated with a hypothalamic hamartoma. The authors reviewed the results of linear accelerator (LINAC) radiosurgery for patients with medically refractory gelastic seizures due to a sessile hypothalamic hamartoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three patients with gelastic seizures received SRS between 2003 and 2004. All patients had associated partial complex and/or generalized seizures. One patient demonstrated aggressive behavior. Sessile hamartomas varying in diameter from 6 to 14 mm were identified by MRI. SRS was delivered to a single isocenter by a dedicated LINAC equipped with either a circular beam collimator or a micromultileaf collimator. Patients received 1500 to 1800 cGy prescribed at the 90 to 95 % isodose line. Seizure outcome was scored according to Engel's classification.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients became free of gelastic and partial complex/generalized seizures seven and nine months after radiosurgery. These patients remain free of seizures at 17 and 15 months, respectively, after treatment (Engle Class IA). One patient experienced a decline in gelastic seizure frequency nine months after treatment (Engle Class II) without significant reduction in aggressive behavior. Follow-up MRI demonstrated no change in the size or signal characteristics of any tumor. No patient developed post-treatment cranial neuropathy or hypothalamic-pituitary suppression.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  LINAC SRS represents a safe and effective therapeutic alternative for patients with medically refractory gelastic seizures due to unresectable hypothalamic hamartomas. Radiosurgery is associated with a latency of several months from treatment to reduction in seizure frequency. Further follow-up is required to establish the duration of seizure control following radiosurgery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095-6951, USA. Selch@radonc.ucla.edu
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Selch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gorgulho
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Mattozo
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Solberg
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cabatan-Awang
authors.forename: A A F
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: DeSalles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D004828:Epilepsies, Partial / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007029:Hypothalamic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D016634:Radiosurgery / Q000379:methods*; D013997:Time Factors