title: Association between hostility and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in a general population sample.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The present study focuses on testing the association of hostility with plasma homocysteine levels in a general population sample.
  
  
  METHODS
  Four hundred and ten healthy adults (200 men and 210 women), participating in a health survey in Greece, had blood samples taken for homocysteine concentrations and also completed a multidimensional hostility questionnaire, assessing direction of hostility ('extra- and intropunitive') as well as total hostility and its ingredients, i.e. urge to act out hostility, criticism of others, delusional hostility, self-criticism and delusional guilt. Multivariate relationship was tested between hostility components and homocysteine, after statistically controlling for potential confounders such as age, gender, educational status, smoking and body mass index.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total hostility, delusional guilt as well as extrapunitive direction of hostility were positively related to homocysteine levels. Self-criticism was negatively related to homocysteine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study provides further evidence that particular dimensions of hostility are associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels, thus deserving a place within the spectrum of the coronary heart disease risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Psychiatric Clinic, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece.
authors.forename: Charalabos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Papageorgiou
authors.forename: Christos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Pitsavos
authors.forename: Demosthenes B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Panagiotakos
authors.forename: Kostantinos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kontoangelos
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Chrysohoou
authors.forename: George N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Papadimitriou
authors.forename: Andreas D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Rabavilas
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D006115:Greece / Q000453:epidemiology; D006167:Guilt; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D006937:Hypercholesterolemia / Q000453:epidemiology; D006973:Hypertension / Q000453:epidemiology; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine