title: Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in different forms of schizophrenia treated with typical and atypical antipsychotics.
abstract: There is accumulating evidence of altered antioxidant enzyme activities and increased levels of lipid peroxidation in schizophrenia. Free radical-mediated abnormalities may contribute to specific aspects of schizophrenic symptomatology and complications of its treatment. However, few studies have evaluated both antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in the same schizophrenic patient groups treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were analyzed using established procedures in 92 medicated schizophrenia including paranoid (n=34), disorganized (n=18) and residual subtypes (n=40), as well as in control subjects (n=50). The results showed that activities of SOD and GSH-Px were decreased but levels of MDA were elevated in patients with a chronic form of schizophrenia as compared with normal controls. SOD and GSH-Px activities were found to be significantly lower in paranoid and residual subtypes compared to both disorganized subtype and the control group. MDA levels were significantly higher in all subtypes compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in any parameters measured among all three subgroups treated with clozapine (n=44), risperidone (n=20) and typical antipsychotics (n=28). Additionally, a significantly higher MDA levels, but a significantly lower CAT activity was noted in female than male patients. These results suggest that oxidative stress may be implicated in the pathophysiology of all subtypes of schizophrenia, which may contribute to the increased membrane lipid peroxidation. Long-term treatments with typical and atypical antipsychotics may produce the similar effects on the antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China. zhangxy9@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Xiang Yang
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Yun Long
authors.initials: YL
authors.lastname: Tan
authors.forename: Lian Yuan
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Cao
authors.forename: Gui Ying
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shen
authors.forename: Dong Feng
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Zhou
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002374:Catalase / Q000097:blood*; D003024:Clozapine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005609:Free Radicals; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000097:blood*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D018967:Risperidone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000201:enzymology; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D003024:Clozapine; D018967:Risperidone