title: Invasive fungal infection in very low birthweight infants: national prospective surveillance study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the epidemiology of invasive fungal infection in very low birthweight (VLBW: <1500 g) infants in the United Kingdom.
  
  
  METHODS
  National prospective surveillance study between February 2003 and February 2004 using the British Paediatric Surveillance Unit reporting system reconciled with cases identified through routine laboratory reporting to the Health Protection Agency (England, Wales, and Northern Ireland), the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health, and the UK Mycology Reference Laboratory.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety four confirmed cases of invasive fungal infection were identified during the surveillance period giving an incidence of estimated annual incidence of 10.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.0 to 12.0) cases per 1000 VLBW live births. Eighty one (86%) of the infants were of extremely low birth weight (ELBW: <1000 g), incidence 21.1 (95% CI 16.5 to 25.7) per 1000 ELBW live births. Candida species, predominantly C albicans and C parapsilosis, were isolated in 93% of cases. Most organisms were isolated from the bloodstream and urinary tract. Death occurred in 41% of the infected infants before 37 weeks postconceptional age.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The incidence of invasive fungal infection in VLBW and ELBW infants in the United Kingdom is lower than reported in previous studies from tertiary centres in North America and elsewhere. The associated late neonatal and post-neonatal death rates are substantially higher than expected in infants without invasive fungal infection. These data may inform decisions about the evaluation and use of antifungal infection control strategies.
authors.affiliation: Centre for Newborn Care, Canberra Hospital, ACT 2606, Australia. william.mcguire@act.gov.au
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Clerihew
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Lamagni
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brocklehurst
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: McGuire
mesh_terms: D000935:Antifungal Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D042241:Early Diagnosis; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007223:Infant; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D009181:Mycoses / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016019:Survival Analysis; D006113:United Kingdom / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000935:Antifungal Agents