title: Optimal classes of chemotherapeutic agents sensitized by specific small-molecule inhibitors of akt in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that transduces survival signals from survival/growth factors. Deregulation and signal imbalance in cancer cells make them prone to apoptosis. Upregulation or activation of Akt to aid the survival of cancer cells is a common theme in human malignancies. We have developed small-molecule Akt inhibitors that are potent and specific. These Akt inhibitors can inhibit Akt activity and block phosphorylation by Akt on multiple downstream targets in cells. Synergy in apoptosis induction was observed when Akt inhibitors were combined with doxorubicin or camptothecin. Akt inhibitor-induced enhancement of topoisomerase inhibitor cytotoxicity was also evident in long-term cell survival assay. Synergy with paclitaxel in apoptosis induction was evident in cells pretreated with paclitaxel, and enhancement of tumor delay by paclitaxel was demonstrated through cotreatment with Akt inhibitor Compound A (A-443654). Combination with other classes of chemotherapeutic agents did not yield any enhancement of cytotoxicity. These findings provide important guidance in selecting appropriate classes of chemotherapeutic agents for combination with Akt inhibitors in cancer treatment.
authors.affiliation: Department R47S Cancer Research, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shi
authors.forename: Xuesong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Edward K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Ran
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guan
authors.forename: Alexander R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Shoemaker
authors.forename: Anatol
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oleksijew
authors.forename: Keith W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Fisher
authors.forename: Vered
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Klinghofer
authors.forename: Loren
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lasko
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: McGonigal
authors.forename: Qun
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Saul H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Vincent L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Giranda
authors.forename: Yan
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Luo
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007191:Indazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007211:Indoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D017239:Paclitaxel / Q000494:pharmacology; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: C504035:A 443654; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D007191:Indazoles; D007211:Indoles; D004317:Doxorubicin; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D020169:Caspases; D017239:Paclitaxel