title: Loa loa macrofilariasis in the eyelid: case report of the first periocular subcutaneous manifestation in Germany.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We report a case of periocular subcutaneous macrofilariasis as an initial sign of a systemic Loa loa infection.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thorough history, eye examination and surgical intervention. Parasitological and serological analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A periocular adult Loa loa worm was extracted from the left upper eyelid in an African student living in Germany after presenting to our department with intermittent attacks of painful lid swelling. Four weeks later he presented with Calabar swellings in his arms without serological evidence of microfilaria and was treated with diethylcarbamazine.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Due to increasing migration of populations to Europe rare manifestations of ocular loiasis are becoming more common. Intermittent painful eyelid swelling in patients who visited or have lived in Africa should always raise the suspicion of systemic loiasis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Ernst-Abbe-Str. 2, 53127 Bonn, Germany. z.sbeity@web.de
authors.forename: Zaher H
authors.initials: ZH
authors.lastname: Sbeity
authors.forename: Axel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Jaksche
authors.forename: Sybille
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Martin
authors.forename: Karin U
authors.initials: KU
authors.lastname: Loeffler
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000349:Africa / Q000208:ethnology; D000818:Animals; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015822:Eye Infections, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D005369:Filaricides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008117:Loa / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D008118:Loiasis / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D012876:Skin Diseases, Parasitic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery
chemical_list: D005369:Filaricides; D004049:Diethylcarbamazine