title: Changes of chymase, angiotensin converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expressions in the hamster heart during the development of heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Little is known about the role of dual angiotensin II forming pathways during heart failure. In the present study, the changes of chymase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) expressions in the failing hearts of hamsters were analysed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Heart failure was induced by ligation of left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. Chymase, ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) mRNA levels were analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The activities of chymase and ACE were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Myocardial collagen fibre analysis was performed under optical microscope.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and maximum left ventricular developed pressure increase rate (dp/dtmax, mmHg/s) gradually moved lower at 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks after operation. On the other hand, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increased gradually after operation. Compared with the control group (3.55 +/- 0.06, 4.79 +/- 0.70), the heart weight/body weight ratio in operation group had increased significantly at 4 weeks and 8 weeks (4.28 +/- 0.43, 6.17 +/- 0.73) (P < 0.01). Collagen staining showed that the quantity of myocardial collagen fibre increased significantly in the operation group. RT-PCR showed that the chymase mRNA level in the operation group was consistently greater than that in the control group. AT1R mRNA level was also increased significantly at 3 weeks and 4 weeks, both being 1.3 times that of the control group (P < 0.01), whereas ACE mRNA level was not changed. Higher activity of chymase was detected in operation group, being 4, 8, 13 and 19 times that of the control group at 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.01), respectively. ACE activity was also significantly higher at the same time, being 7, 10, 10 and 3.5 times that of the control (P < 0.01). Angiotensin II (Ang II) level in operation group increased significantly, being 2.5, 2.7, 3.5 and 2 times that of the control group at 2, 3, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively (P < 0.01).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A dual Ang II forming pathway from both ACE and chymase in the hamster hearts plays an important role during the development of heart failure. At the decompensatory stage, the reduction of AngII level may be associated with the decrease of ACE activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
authors.forename: Peng-min
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Xi-gang
authors.initials: XG
authors.lastname: Leng
authors.forename: Li-li
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Ya-fang
authors.initials: YF
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Lan-ying
authors.initials: LY
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D053818:Chymases; D006224:Cricetinae; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D016277:Ventricular Function, Left
chemical_list: D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D000804:Angiotensin II; D007703:Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; D012697:Serine Endopeptidases; D053818:Chymases