title: Cervical inflammatory cytokines and other markers in the cervical mucus of pregnant women with lower genital tract infection.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, lactoferrin (LF), and alpha defencine (alpha-DF) in the cervical mucus of pregnant women and analyze their relation to cervicitis and bacterial vaginosis (BV).
  
  
  METHODS
  Cervical mucus samples were obtained from August 2003 through May 2004 from 157 women who were between the 6th and 36th week of an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy. All women were delivered at term, 69 without BV or cervicitis, 9 with BV, and 79 with cervicitis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Interleukin 8, LF, and mu-DF concentrations were higher in women with cervicitis (0.81 +/- 0.36 pg/mL, 14.8+/-12.3 microg/mL, and 0.60 +/- 0.49 microg/mL) than in women without BV or cervicitis (0.35 +/- 0.34 pg/mL, 8.0 +/- 11.0 microg/mL, and 0.15 +/- 0.12 microg/mL). Interleukin 6 concentration was higher in women with BV (0.26 +/- 0.32 pg/mL) than in women without BV or cervicitis (0.09 +/- 0.15 pg/mL) or in women with cervicitis (0.12 +/- 0.18 pg/mL).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Higher levels of inflammatory cytokines in the cervical mucus of pregnant women may lead to early detection of lower genital tract infection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sawada
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Otsuki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Mitsukawa
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yakuwa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nagatsuka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okai
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002582:Cervix Mucus / Q000201:enzymology / Q000276:immunology*; D016207:Cytokines / Q000032:analysis*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000032:analysis; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000032:analysis; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000032:analysis; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase / Q000032:analysis; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D002575:Uterine Cervicitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000175:diagnosis*; D023084:alpha-Defensins / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D016207:Cytokines; D015850:Interleukin-6; D016209:Interleukin-8; D023084:alpha-Defensins; D007781:Lactoferrin; D010196:Pancreatic Elastase