title: Interleukin-17, a regulator of angiogenic factor release by synovial fibroblasts.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiogenesis is a process stimulated in inflamed synovium of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), and contributes to the progression of the disease. Synovial fibroblasts secrete angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an up-regulator of angiogenesis, and this ability is increased by interleukin (IL)-1beta. The purpose of this study was to verify whether IL-17 contributes and/or synergizes with IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in vessel development in articular tissues by stimulating the secretion of proangiogenic factors by synovial fibroblasts.
  
  
  METHODS
  We stimulated in vitro synovial fibroblasts isolated from OA, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fractured patients (FP) with IL-17 and IL-1beta and from OA patients with IL-17, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. In the supernatants from the cultures, we assayed the amount of VEGF by immunoassay and other angiogenic factors (keratinocyte growth factor, KGF; hepatocyte growth factor, HGF; heparin-binding endothelial growth factor, HB-EGF; angiopoietin-2, Ang-2; platelet-derived growth factor B, PDGF-BB; thrombopoietin, TPO) by chemiluminescence; semiquantitative RT-PCR was used to state mRNA expression of nonreleased angiogenic factors (Ang-2 and PDGF-BB) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IL-17, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta increased VEGF secretion by synovial fibroblasts from OA patients. IL-17 and IL-1beta also increased VEGF secretion in RA and FP. Besides, IL-17 increased KGF and HGF secretions in OA, RA and FP; in OA and RA, IL-17 also increased the HB-EGF secretion and the expression of TIMP-1 as protein and mRNA. In OA patients IL-17 had an additive effect on TNF-alpha-stimulated VEGF secretion.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that IL-17 is an in vitro stimulator of angiogenic factor release, both by its own action and by cooperating with TNF-alpha.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio di Immunologia e Genetica, Istituto di Ricerca Codivilla Putti, Istituti Ortopedici Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy. labimge@alma.unibo.it
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Honorati
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neri
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cattini
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Facchini
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents / Q000032:analysis; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000378:metabolism; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000378:metabolism; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020381:Interleukin-17 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010003:Osteoarthritis / Q000378:metabolism; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D013583:Synovial Membrane / Q000378:metabolism*; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D043925:Angiogenesis Inducing Agents; C587883:HBEGF protein, human; D066257:Heparin-binding EGF-like Growth Factor; D036341:Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D020381:Interleukin-17; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D019715:Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D042461:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; D051523:Fibroblast Growth Factor 7; D004815:Epidermal Growth Factor; D017228:Hepatocyte Growth Factor