title: Clinical and neuroradiological predictors of mortality in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Primary pontine hemorrhage (PPH) accounts approximately for about 5-10% of intracranial hemorrhages, and PPHs are known to have a much less uniform prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological predictors affecting the mortality in 32 patients with PPH.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the data of 32 patients with PPH admitted to our clinic between 1994 and 2004. We divided the patients into two groups: (1) patients who survived (14 patients), and (2) patients who died (18 patients). The two groups were compared for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, initial clinical status, initial GCS, pupillary abnormalities, ophthalmoparesis, volume and localisation of hemorrhage, intraventricular and extrapontine extension, necessity of mechanical ventilation and hydrocephalus. The hematoma volumes were measured with the formulation described by Broderick.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eighteen patients (56%) died and 14 patients (44%) survived. The patients who died (61.3 +/- 8.8) were older than the survivors (56.4 +/- 11.0), but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean GCS was 4.4 +/- 0.2, the mean hematoma volume was 9.9 +/- 3.3 ml for patients who died and the mean GCS was 10.1 +/- 3.3, the mean hematoma volume was 3.3 +/- 1.2 ml for survivors (p < 0.001). Coma on admission (p = 0.001), extrapontine extension (p = 0.001), intraventricular extension (p = 0.019), necessity of mechanical ventilation (p = 0.007), hydrocephalus (p = 0.024), massive and bilateral tegmental localisation (p = 0.006) were found statistically significant predictors for mortality with univariate comparison, and coma on admission (p = 0.038) was the only significant predictor with multivariate regression analysis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with PPH, it is important to know the prognostic factors for mortality for planning the treatment protocol, and coma and bad clinical status on admission was found the only significant prognostic predictor for mortality with multivariate regression analysis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey.
authors.forename: Kemal
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Balci
authors.forename: Talip
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Asil
authors.forename: Mahmut
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kerimoglu
authors.forename: Yahya
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Celik
authors.forename: Ufuk
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Utku
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001933:Brain Stem / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D003128:Coma / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D015600:Glasgow Coma Scale; D006801:Humans; D006849:Hydrocephalus / Q000209:etiology; D020300:Intracranial Hemorrhages / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011859:Radiography; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies