title: Anal incontinence in women with and those without pelvic floor disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To compare the prevalence of anal incontinence and anal sphincter injury in women with pelvic floor disorders (cases) with those in a group of normal control subjects and to evaluate the relationship between sphincter injury and anal incontinence in each group.
  
  
  METHODS
  We previously reported the results of a cross-sectional study of 100 women with pelvic floor disorders (> or = stage II pelvic organ prolapse and/or urinary incontinence). In this study, we compared those cases with 90 controls (stage 0 or I pelvic organ prolapse and no urinary incontinence) who completed the Rockwood-Thompson fecal incontinence severity index, in which scoring (0-61) is based on the frequency and type of anal incontinence. All women underwent endoanal ultrasonography, and the internal and external anal sphincters were reported as intact versus disrupted. Chi-square test, Student t test, and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Women with pelvic floor disorders were significantly more likely to report anal incontinence (54% versus 17.8%, odds ratio [OR] 5.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-10.6, P < .001) and had higher mean fecal incontinence severity index scores (22.3 +/- 13 versus 12.7 +/- 6.3, P = .006) than controls. Cases demonstrated higher rates of anal sphincter defects on ultrasound examination than did controls (52% versus 30%, P = .007). Anal incontinence was significantly associated with anal sphincter injury in women with pelvic floor disorders (OR 36.4, 95% CI 12-114, P < .001) and in controls (OR 5.9, 95% CI 3-11, P = .002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anal incontinence was more common in women with pelvic floor disorders than normal controls and may be due to higher rates of anatomic anal sphincter disruption in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Virginia/Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond Virginia, USA. cmnichol@hsc.vcu.edu
authors.forename: Catherine Matthews
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Nichols
authors.forename: Viswanathan
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ramakrishnan
authors.forename: Edward J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: W Glenn
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Hurt
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D019160:Endosonography / Q000379:methods; D005242:Fecal Incontinence / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D016015:Logistic Models; D008365:Manometry; D008875:Middle Aged; D017773:Pelvic Floor / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011336:Probability; D012016:Reference Values; D018570:Risk Assessment; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric; D014596:Uterine Prolapse / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*