title: A gene-gene interaction between ALDH2 Glu487Lys and ADH2 His47Arg polymorphisms regarding the risk of colorectal cancer in Japan.
abstract: Alcohol consumption is recognized as a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Genetic polymorphisms, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) Glu487Lys and alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) His47Arg, which have a strong impact on alcohol metabolism, are common in Japanese population but their significance for CRC carcinogenesis remains to be clarified in detail. We, therefore, conducted a matched case-control study with 257 incident CRC cases and 771 non-cancer controls at Aichi Cancer Center, including analysis of interactions between polymorphisms, drinking and folate consumption. The ADH2 Arg allele was found to be associated with increased risk, the odds ratios (ORs) being 1.35 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.84) and 1.93 (1.06-3.53) for the His/Arg and Arg/Arg genotypes, respectively. In contrast, no apparent links were observed with the ALDH2 genotypes. Individuals having ALDH2 Glu/Glu with ADH2 Arg+, ALDH2 Lys+ with ADH2 His/His and ALDH2 Lys+ with ADH2 Arg+ showed ORs of 0.10(0.04-0.21), 0.10 (0.06-0.19) and 1.36 (0.94-1.97), respectively, compared with ALDH2 Glu/Glu with ADH2 His/His. Statistical gene-gene interaction was significant between the two polymorphisms for the risk of CRC (P< 0.001). The impact of ALDH2 Lys+ with ADH2 Arg+ was more evident in low folate consumer (OR = 2.32, 1.19-4.55) than high folate consumer (OR 1.38, 0.80-2.38). In conclusion, while we failed to find any significant association with the ALDH2 polymorphism itself, significant interaction between ALDH2 and ADH2 polymorphism was observed. Replication in the future study is warranted.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center, Nagoya, Japan. kmatsuo@aichi-cc.jp
authors.forename: Keitaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Matsuo
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Wakai
authors.forename: Kaoru
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirose
authors.forename: Hidemi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: Toshiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kato
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Yukihide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanemitsu
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hamajima
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tajima
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase / Q000235:genetics*; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000378:metabolism; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D005492:Folic Acid; C489332:ADH1B protein, human; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; C096127:ALDH2 protein, human; D000444:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; D000071396:Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, Mitochondrial