title: Transient hypothyroxinemia of prematurity and histological chorioamnionitis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transient hypothyroxinaemia of prematurity (THOP) is a common condition of preterm infants whose causes remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that THOP is associated with histological chorioamnionitis (HCA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Whole blood T4 and TSH concentrations on day 4 and at 40 weeks' postmenstrual age (rtx-T4 and rtx-TSH), placental histology and illness severity were prospectively evaluated in 155 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.
  
  
  RESULTS
  HCA-positive infants showed significantly decreased blood total T4 concentrations on day 4, as compared to the HCA-negative population (P<0.0001), along with comparable TSH, rtx-T4, and rtx-TSH blood concentrations. None of the infants showed evidence of hypothyroidism during the study. A total T4 < or = 4.4 microg/dL on postnatal day 4 identified HCA-positive newborns with 90.8%, sensitivity, 94.7%, specificity, 96.7% positive predictive and 85.7% negative predictive values. HCA (OR: 32.19; 95% CI: 8.95-115.64), birth weight < or = 880 g (OR: 4.1; 1.15-14.64), and RDS (OR: 3.71, 95% CI: 1.13-12.25) were independently associated with evidence of hypothyroxinaemia on day 4.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings indicate a previously un-recognized relationship between HCA and THOP, hence suggesting a predominant role for a fetal systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the pathogenesis of THOP.
authors.affiliation: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Italy.
authors.forename: Claudio
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: De Felice
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bagnoli
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toti
authors.forename: Maria Antonietta
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Musarò
authors.forename: Luana
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Peruzzi
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Paffetti
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Latini
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D002821:Chorioamnionitis / Q000097:blood* / Q000473:pathology; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000097:blood*; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening; D011247:Pregnancy; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood / Q000172:deficiency*
chemical_list: D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine