Evaluation of exposure to arsenic in residential soil.
In response to concerns regarding arsenic in soil from a pesticide manufacturing plant, we conducted a biomonitoring study on children younger than 7 years of age, the age category of children most exposed to soil. Urine samples from 77 children (47% participation rate) were analyzed for total arsenic and arsenic species related to ingestion of inorganic arsenic. Older individuals also provided urine (n = 362) and toenail (n = 67) samples. Speciated urinary arsenic levels were similar between children (geometric mean, geometric SD, and range: 4.0, 2.2, and 0.89-17.7 microg/L, respectively) and older participants (3.8, 1.9, 0.91-19.9 microg/L) and consistent with unexposed populations. Toenail samples were < 1 mg/kg. Correlations between speciated urinary arsenic and arsenic in soil (r = 0.137, p = 0.39; n = 41) or house dust (r = 0.049, p = 0.73; n = 52) were not significant for children. Similarly, questionnaire responses indicating soil exposure were not associated with increased urinary arsenic levels. Relatively low soil arsenic exposure likely precluded quantification of arsenic exposure above background.
Tsuji
Joyce S
JS
Exponent, Bellevue, Washington 98007, USA. tsujij@exponent.com
Van Kerkhove
Maria D
MD
Kaetzel
Rhonda S
RS
Scrafford
Carolyn G
CG
Mink
Pamela J
PJ
Barraj
Leila M
LM
Crecelius
Eric A
EA
Goodman
Michael
M
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001151:Arsenic / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009262:Nails / Q000737:chemistry; D009518:New York; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*
D004391:Dust; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D001151:Arsenic