title: Initial experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy, with or without splenectomy, is gradually gaining acceptance, although its ultimate benefit is yet to be confirmed. This study aimed to report our initial experience with hand-assisted laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database including 17 patients during the period 2002-2004 was conducted. The median age was 60 years (range, 29-85 years), and the female-to-male ratio was 13:4. The preoperative diagnoses included benign and malignant conditions. Besides two to three ports, a hand port was placed in the upper midline to aid in dissection. The pancreas was divided with a stapler in all the patients, and drains were placed in 10 patients (70%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  One patient was found to be unresectable because of celiac artery involvement, and 2 of the remaining 16 patients underwent conversion to an open procedure. The median operating time was 196 min (range, 128-235 min). The mean tumor size was 4 cm (range, 2-7 cm), and the estimated blood loss was 125 ml (range, 50-1,250 ml). The median time to resumption of a regular diet was 3.5 days (range, 2-9 days), and the time to conversion to oral pain medications was 3 days (range, 2-9 days). The length of hospital stay was 5.5 days (range, 4-18 days), with a majority of the patients (11 patients, 78%) staying less than 7 days. There were no mortalities. The overall postoperative morbidity rate was 25%, and the morbidities consisted of pancreatic leak/fistula (2 patients, 14%) and fever (1 patient). The margins were negative in 10 (76%) of the relevant 13 patients. At a median follow-up period of 3.8 months (range, 5-14 months), 11 (84%) of 13 patients had no evidence of disease recurrence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The minimally invasive approach to pancreatic disease is safe and technically feasible. Further large studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to determine the role of laparoscopic surgery in the management of pancreatic disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre, USA.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: D'Angelica
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Are
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Jarnagin
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: DeGregoris
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Coit
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jaques
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brennan
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D016208:Databases, Factual; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; D010180:Pancreatectomy / Q000379:methods*; D010182:Pancreatic Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome