title: Pharmacokinetics and effects of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone implants in ovariectomized rats.
abstract: For the pharmacokinetic evaluation of Silastic capsules, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were implanted subcutaneously with this dosage form containing 17beta-estradiol (5, 10, 15, or 20% in cholesterol, where 5% 17beta-estradiol equals 0.4 mg) or progesterone (20, 40, 110, or 220 mg of crystalline progesterone). The time-course of serum 17beta-estradiol and progesterone released from these capsules in the OVX rat is characterized by an initial increase in serum hormone levels followed by a decline and then an apparent steady-state that persists from 7 to 24 days postimplant. Both hormones have large clearance values (total clearance is 97.7 L/day for 17beta-estradiol and 20.9 L/day for progesterone). For 17beta-estradiol and progesterone only, 11% of the dose was released from the implant after 24 days. Thus, the Silastic membrane represents the rate controlling barrier for these hormones. The relationship between graded doses of 17beta-estradiol or progesterone and serum concentration was linear. Neither tail flick latencies measured at 48, 52.5, and 55 degrees C nor the antinociceptive potency of morphine (ED(50) values) were altered by continuous administration to steady-state of graded doses of 17beta-estradiol or progesterone. We demonstrate how a dose-dependent analysis of some of the behavioral effects of 17beta-estradiol or progesterone can be conducted at steady-state serum hormone concentrations.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We describe a method to obtain sustained serum levels of estrogen or progesterone and the consequences of these sustained hormone levels on acute thermal nociception and the antinociceptive response to morphine. This rat model of hormone replacement may provide insights into the role of these hormones in pathological pain states.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
authors.forename: Christy A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Mannino
authors.forename: Samantha M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: South
authors.forename: Charles E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Inturrisi
authors.forename: Vanya
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Quinones-Jenab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002214:Capsules / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004958:Estradiol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D005260:Female; D020249:Hormone Replacement Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015918:Infusion Pumps, Implantable; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010146:Pain / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017288:Pain Threshold / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D011374:Progesterone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012828:Silicones / Q000493:pharmacokinetics
chemical_list: D002214:Capsules; D004129:Dimethylpolysiloxanes; D008567:Membranes, Artificial; D012828:Silicones; D011374:Progesterone; D004958:Estradiol; C013830:baysilon; D009020:Morphine