title: Effects of thorough mastication on postprandial plasma glucose concentrations in nonobese Japanese subjects.
abstract: Thorough mastication has the potential to affect postprandial plasma glucose concentrations by improving digestibility and absorption of nutrients. To evaluate the effects of mastication on postprandial plasma glucose concentration, we compared usual and thorough mastication in subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT group, n = 16) and subjects predisposed to type 2 diabetes (first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients, subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, and type 2 diabetic patients) (predisposed group, n = 10) in a crossover trial of 52 test meals. Plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured for 3 hours postprandially, and the insulinogenic index (the ratio of incremental serum insulin to plasma glucose concentration during the first 30 minutes after meal) was calculated. In the NGT group, thorough mastication reduced the postprandial plasma glucose concentration at 90 minutes (5.8 +/- 0.3 vs 6.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, P < .05) and 120 minutes (5.4 +/- 0.2 vs 6.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/L, P < .05) and the area under the curve (AUC) from -15 to 180 minutes (19.1 +/- 0.6 vs 20.6 +/- 0.8 [mmol . L]/h, P < .05) without an increase in the AUC for insulin. In the predisposed group, thorough mastication significantly augmented plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations and the AUCs compared with usual mastication. Thorough mastication elicited a significantly higher insulinogenic index than usual mastication in the NGT group (205.0 +/- 27.6 vs 145.6 +/- 17.7 pmol/mmol, P < .05), whereas the predisposed group showed significantly less early-phase insulin secretion than the NGT group. In the NGT group the postprandial plasma glucose concentration upon thorough mastication of meal was significantly lower, most probably because of the potentiation of early-phase insulin secretion. In the subjects predisposed to type 2 diabetes, thorough mastication did not potentiate early-phase insulin secretion and elicited a higher postprandial plasma glucose concentration.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
authors.forename: Hidehiko
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Mitsuo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okamoto
authors.forename: Osamu
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Takahashi
authors.forename: Takuro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimbo
authors.forename: Takeshi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurose
authors.forename: Yuichiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Nobuya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Inagaki
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Seino
authors.forename: Tsuguya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fukui
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide / Q000097:blood; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / Q000097:blood; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008409:Mastication; D008875:Middle Aged; D019518:Postprandial Period
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D005749:Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; D052216:Glucagon-Like Peptide 1