title: [Cross-resistance between antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine: molecular background and practical consequences for susceptibility testing].
abstract: Phenotypic resistance of veterinary pathogens to more than one antimicrobial agent (multi-resistance) may be caused by intrinsic resistance to the antimicrobial agents, acquired cross-resistance, or acquired co-resistance. Known cross-resistances allow to select so-called "representative substances" which are tested and the results of which can also be regarded as being valid for other members of the same class of antimicrobial agents. In general, a limitation in the number of antimicrobial agents to be tested in routine diagnostics is necessary because of capacity and cost efficiency. This is of particular relevance when the broth microdilution method - recommended as the method of choice - with 96-well microtiter plates is used. The knowledge about the relationship between different resistance phenotypes and the corresponding resistance mechanisms is of major value for both, the laboratory personnel and the veterinary practitioner. This review explains how "representative substances" for the most relevant classes of antimicrobial agents used in veterinary medicine are chosen on the basis of known cross-resistances.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions- und Seuchenmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. werckenthin@lmu.de
authors.forename: Christiane
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Werckenthin
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Böttner
authors.forename: H Mohamed
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Hafez
authors.forename: Katrin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kaske
authors.forename: Corinna
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kehrenberg
authors.forename: Manfred
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kietzmann
authors.forename: Dieter
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Klarmann
authors.forename: Günter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Krabisch
authors.forename: Tilman
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kühn
authors.forename: Gabriele
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Luhofer
authors.forename: Angelika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Richter
authors.forename: Bianka
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schulz
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schwarz
authors.forename: Claudia
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Sigge
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Traeder
authors.forename: Karl-Heinz
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Waldmann
authors.forename: Jürgen
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallmann
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D015169:Colony Count, Microbial / Q000662:veterinary; D024881:Drug Resistance, Bacterial; D024901:Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D014730:Veterinary Medicine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents