title: Prophenoloxidase activation is not required for survival to microbial infections in Drosophila.
abstract: The antimicrobial defence of Drosophila relies on cellular and humoral processes, of which the inducible synthesis of antimicrobial peptides has attracted interest in recent years. Another potential line of defence is the activation, by a proteolytic cascade, of phenoloxidase, which leads to the production of quinones and melanin. However, in spite of several publications on this subject, the contribution of phenoloxidase activation to resistance to infections has not been established under appropriate in vivo conditions. Here, we have isolated the first Drosophila mutant for a prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (PAE1). In contrast to wild-type flies, PAE1 mutants fail to activate phenoloxidase in the haemolymph following microbial challenge. Surprisingly, we find that these mutants are as resistant to infections as wild-type flies, in the total absence of circulating phenoloxidase activity. This raises the question with regard to the precise function of phenoloxidase activation in defence, if any.
authors.affiliation: UPR9022 du CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue Descartes, 67084 Strasbourg, France.
authors.forename: Vincent
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Leclerc
authors.forename: Nadège
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pelte
authors.forename: Laure
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: El Chamy
authors.forename: Cosimo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martinelli
authors.forename: Petros
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ligoxygakis
authors.forename: Jules A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: Jean-Marc
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Reichhart
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000276:immunology*; D004156:Catechol Oxidase / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004330:Drosophila / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D004792:Enzyme Precursors / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D006090:Gram-Negative Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D006094:Gram-Positive Bacteria / Q000276:immunology; D006458:Hemolymph / Q000276:immunology; D007113:Immunity, Innate; D009154:Mutation; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D004792:Enzyme Precursors; C038451:pro-phenoloxidase; D004156:Catechol Oxidase