title: The effect of heparin in peripheral intravenous nutrition via a fine-bore midline: a randomised double-blind controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Peripheral intravenous nutrition (PIVN) delivered via a finebore midline offers a viable alternative to central venous feeding. The major complication is the onset of peripheral vein thrombophlebitis (PVT). Feed additives such as heparin and hydrocortisone have been advocated in its prevention. Concern over the safety of heparin has prevented its widespread use; this study examines its true benefit.
  
  
  METHODS
  A randomised, double-blind trial comparing the addition of either, Heparin 1500 units or hydrocortisone 15 mg or a combination of the two to full intravenous nutrition (IVN) (2500 ml, 13 g of nitrogen, 1190 m0sm/k) was performed. All feeds were delivered via a finebore midline inserted via an antecubital fossa vein. Feeding was terminated in the event of complication or cessation of intended nutritional support.
  
  
  RESULTS
  One hundred and twenty-three episodes of feeding occurred in 110 patients. The incidence of peripheral vein thrombosis was similar in each group (Heparin 30% (12/41), hydrocortisone 33% (14/42), combination 31% (13/41) chi(2) test P>0.05). There was a significant difference in total catheter survival with the addition of heparin to the feeds, either alone (11 days (SEM 1.79) or in combination with hydrocortisone (11.7 days (SEM 1.39) compared with those receiving only hydrocortisone (6.9 days (SEM 0.73) P=0.002 and 0.030, respectively)).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  When intravenous feeds are delivered in to a peripheral vein via a fine-bore midline, the addition of heparin to the feed extends the total period of feeding attainable.
authors.affiliation: Academic Unit of Surgery, The General Infirmary at Leeds, Great George Street, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK.
authors.forename: James A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Catton
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Davies
authors.forename: Brian M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Dobbins
authors.forename: Jonathan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: Dermot
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010288:Parenteral Nutrition / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014680:Veins
chemical_list: D006493:Heparin; D006854:Hydrocortisone