title: The kinase p38 regulates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in human trophoblasts.
abstract: Deficiency of either the mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 or the nuclear receptor PPARgamma results in disrupted vasculogenesis and abnormal development of the murine placenta. In addition, PPARgamma regulates differentiation of human trophoblasts. Here we tested the hypothesis that p38 plays an important role in the regulation of PPARgamma in primary human trophoblasts. We initially confirmed that cultured trophoblasts derived from normal term human placentas express p38 as well as its functional phosphorylated form. Whereas PPARgamma did not alter p38 expression, p38 inhibitors diminished the transcriptional activity of PPARgamma in primary trophoblasts. In addition, inhibition of p38 resulted in marked attenuation of PPARgamma-stimulated hCG production by cultured trophoblast. Our data support an effect of p38 on PPARgamma protein stability because p38 inhibition led to reduced expression of PPARgamma protein without a significant effect on PPARgamma mRNA, and this reduction was blocked by the protease inhibitor MG-132. Together, these data indicate that p38 regulates PPARgamma expression and activity in term human trophoblasts. Cross talk between p38 and PPARgamma signaling may play a role in modulating differentiation and function of the human placenta.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8064, 4566 Scott Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110-1094, USA.
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Schild
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Sonnenberg-Hirche
authors.forename: W T
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Schaiff
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bildirici
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sadovsky
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007976:Leupeptins / Q000494:pharmacology; D047495:PPAR gamma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D015853:Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors; D007976:Leupeptins; D047495:PPAR gamma; D048051:p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; C072553:benzyloxycarbonylleucyl-leucyl-leucine aldehyde