title: Antitumor effect of double immunization of mice with mucin 1 and its coding DNA.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the antitumor effect of mouse immunization with human mucin 1 gene (muc 1) DNA plasmids combined with simultaneous injections of human mucin 1 (MUC1) protein.
  
  
  METHODS
  MUC1 DNA was cloned in pBK-CMV to prepare DNA plasmids and in pET22b(+) to produce proteins. Three strains of mice, immunized with DNA or DNA plus MUC1, were inoculated with tumor cells obtained from spontaneous tumors. IgG(2a) production, MUC1-specific IFN-delta-producing CD8+ T cells, tumor growth and mouse survival were monitored.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Only immunization with DNA plus proteins induced IgG(2a) and intracellular IFN-delta production by CD8+ T cells in the strains tested. DNA plus protein immunization induced a better mouse survival in comparison with the DNA groups. However, all immunized mice invariably developed tumors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Immunization with DNA plus proteins induced a better protection from tumor growth than immunization with naked DNA. However, the efficacy of immunization with MUC1-based antigens remains low.
authors.affiliation: Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, RAS, Miklukho-Maklaya St, 16/10, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation.
authors.forename: Natalya
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Mushenkova
authors.forename: Ekaterina
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Moiseeva
authors.forename: Alexandra
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chaadaeva
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Den Otter
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Svirshchevskaya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D019496:Cancer Vaccines / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008297:Male; D008325:Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology* / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000628:therapy*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018396:Mucin-1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D019444:Vaccines, DNA / Q000276:immunology* / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D019496:Cancer Vaccines; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D018396:Mucin-1; D019444:Vaccines, DNA; D004247:DNA