title: Protecting the endothelial integrity of internal thoracic arteries.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous functional studies on human internal thoracic arteries, comparing the effect of the traditional harvesting method (occlusion with a clip) with a method leaving the artery perfused, revealed considerably impaired endothelial function associated with enhanced contractility after clipping. We have now investigated whether these observations could be correlated (1) with plasma markers of endothelial dysfunction, and (2) with structural changes in the endothelial layer.
  
  
  METHODS
  32 patients were randomly distributed into groups of clipped and perfused arteries. Arterial blood samples were obtained from both the artery and extracorporeal circulation to determine sP-selectin, sE-selectin, sL-selectin, and thrombomodulin using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Arteries from three patients were examined by scanning electron microscopy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Concentrations of sP-selectin and thrombomodulin were significantly higher in plasma from clipped arteries compared to perfused arteries, whereas sE-selectin and sL-selectin concentrations were similar within the groups. Scanning electron microscopy revealed significant structural changes and loss of endothelial cells in clipped arteries.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Biochemical and structural results support our findings that leaving the internal thoracic artery perfused preserves endothelial function in the arterial graft.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery and Department of Research, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. mgrapow@uhbs.ch
authors.forename: M T R
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Grapow
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Konerding
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Müller-Schweinitzer
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Bernet
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Matt
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Reineke
authors.forename: H-R
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Zerkowski
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D019040:E-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006801:Humans; D019041:L-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000502:physiology*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D008875:Middle Aged; D019007:P-Selectin / Q000097:blood; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000097:blood; D020858:Tissue and Organ Harvesting / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D019040:E-Selectin; D019007:P-Selectin; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D019041:L-Selectin