title: Emulsifier content and side effects of oil-based adjuvant vaccine in swine.
abstract: Side effects caused by the excessive emulsifier in oil-based adjuvant vaccine were examined practically in swine using one oil-in-water type adjuvant vaccine against swine pleuropneumonia. The vaccine was prepared from cell-free-antigen of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, liquid paraffin, and several polyoxyethylenesorbitan and sorbitan oleates. Based on findings about safety in mice and emulsion stability, 2 vaccines containing either 11.25% or 6.25% emulsifier content were injected intramuscularly twice in swine, as the highest and lowest limits, respectively, within the practical range. All pigs showed temporary fever and malaise with anorexia for several days after each injection. The fever of the higher emulsifier content group took significantly longer to recover than the lower. Malaise also showed a similar tendency. On the other hand, antibody response was sufficiently induced with no significant difference between the 2 groups. Lowering the emulsifier content is a very simple but effective solution for mitigation of side effects without the reduction of adjuvanticity. For safe and high-quality oil-based adjuvant vaccines, not only antigen and base-oil, but emulsifier content must be optimized.
authors.affiliation: Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc., 24-16 Makishima-cho Uji-shi, Kyoto 611-0041, Japan. kblboard@kyotobiken.co.jp
authors.forename: Kenji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Oda
authors.forename: Fusayo
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tsukahara
authors.forename: Sei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Kayoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitajima
authors.forename: Satoru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hashimoto
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000855:Anorexia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D045703:Emulsifying Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005334:Fever / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000662:veterinary; D009821:Oils; D011001:Pleuropneumonia / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014612:Vaccines / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D045703:Emulsifying Agents; D009821:Oils; D014612:Vaccines