title: Evaluation of genotoxic effects of Apitol (cymiazole hydrochloride) in vitro by measurement of sister chromatid exchange.
abstract: Apitol, with cymiazole hydrochloride as the active ingredient, is used in bee-keeping against the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor. The preparation was evaluated for genotoxicity in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Sister chromatid exchange, the mitotic index and the cell proliferation index were determined for three experimental concentrations of Apitol (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/ml). All concentrations significantly (p < 0.001) increased the mitotic index (MI = 7.35+/-0.18%, 8.31+/-0.20% and 12.33+/-0.25%, respectively), the proliferative index (PI = 1.83+/-0.01, 1.84+/-0.01 and 1.88+/-0.02, respectively) and the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE = 8.19+/-1.81, 8.78+/-1.80 and 13.46+/-1.88, respectively), suggesting that cymiazole hydrochloride has genotoxic potential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bul. oslobodjenja 18, Belgrade 11000, Serbia and Montenegro. zoran@vet.bg.ac.yu
authors.forename: Zoran
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Stanimirovic
authors.forename: Jevrosima
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Stevanovic
authors.forename: Slobodan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jovanovic
authors.forename: Marko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Andjelkovic
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000977:Antiparasitic Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects; D008925:Mites; D008940:Mitotic Index; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000633:toxicity*; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000977:Antiparasitic Agents; D009153:Mutagens; D013844:Thiazoles; C080031:cymiazole