title: Eicosanoid-mediated proinflammatory activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU.
abstract: As Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoU possesses two functional blocks of homology to calcium-independent (iPLA(2)) and cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)), we addressed the question whether it would exhibit a proinflammatory activity by enhancing the synthesis of eicosanoids by host organisms. Endothelial cells from the HMEC-1 line infected with the ExoU-producing PA103 strain exhibited a potent release of arachidonic acid (AA) that could be significantly inhibited by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), a specific PLA(2) inhibitor, as well as significant amounts of the cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived prostaglandins PGE(2) and PGI(2). Cells infected with an isogenic mutant defective in ExoU synthesis did not differ from non-infected cells in the AA release and produced prostanoids in significantly lower concentrations. Infection by PA103 induced a marked inflammatory response in two different in vivo experimental models. Inoculation of the parental bacteria into mice footpads led to an early increase in the infected limb volume that could be significantly reduced by inhibitors of both COX and lipoxygenase (ibuprofen and NDGA respectively). In an experimental respiratory infection model, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from mice instilled with 10(4) cfu of PA103 exhibited a marked influx of inflammatory cells and PGE(2) release that could be significantly reduced by indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor. Our results suggest that ExoU may contribute to P. aeruginosa pathogenesis by inducing an eicosanoid-mediated inflammatory response of host organisms.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Patologia e Laboratórios, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Saliba
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Nascimento
authors.forename: M C A
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Assis
authors.forename: C R M
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Gayer
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Raymond
authors.forename: M G P
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Coelho
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Marques
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Touqui
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Albano
authors.forename: U G
authors.initials: UG
authors.lastname: Lopes
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Paiva
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Bozza
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Plotkowski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016718:Arachidonic Acid / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D001095:Arachidonic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000378:metabolism; D015777:Eicosanoids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; D006801:Humans; D007052:Ibuprofen / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007249:Inflammation / Q000473:pathology; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009637:Masoprocol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D063065:Organophosphonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000472:pathogenicity / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D001095:Arachidonic Acids; D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D015777:Eicosanoids; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D063065:Organophosphonates; C104810:methyl arachidonylfluorophosphonate; C111749:pseudomonas exoprotein A protein, Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D016718:Arachidonic Acid; D009637:Masoprocol; D011464:Epoprostenol; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054513:Group IV Phospholipases A2; D015232:Dinoprostone; D007052:Ibuprofen; D007213:Indomethacin