title: Factors affecting pregnancy rate in artificial insemination with frozen semen during non-breeding season in Murciano-Granadina goats: a field assay.
abstract: An artificial insemination programme was carried out to study the effect of factors such as depth of semen deposition, inseminator skill, farm, sire and expression of oestrus on pregnancy rate in Murciano-Granadina (MG) goats during non-breeding season and using frozen semen. Frozen-thawed semen from six males was applied by three technicians to inseminate a total of 551 goats in 17 farms distributed throughout the Mediterranean area of Spain. Pregnancy rate was determined at 6 weeks after insemination by transabdominal ecography. Overall pregnancy rate was 57%. Farm and depth of semen deposition affected pregnancy rate, whereas the sire and the technician had no effect. The deeper the semen was deposited in the genital tract, the higher was the rate of pregnancy obtained, being greater when the catheter reached the uterus. In spite of the relevant difference observed (48.2% vs 59.0%), pregnancy rate of females not coming into oestrus until 30 h after sponge removal was not significantly different, compared with those showing oestrus during the OD procedure. In conclusion, our field assay data on AI in MG goat with frozen-thawed semen showed that post-cervical insemination presented significantly greater pregnancy rate in comparison to when semen is deposited in the vagina or in the caudal part of the cervix.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Animal, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (CITA-IVIA), Ctra. Náquera-Moncada Km. 4,5, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Salvador
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Viudes-de-Castro
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bernacer
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Gómez
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Silvestre
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility / Q000502:physiology; D006041:Goats / Q000502:physiology*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D018873:Pregnancy Rate; D011897:Random Allocation; D012621:Seasons; D012661:Semen / Q000502:physiology*; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*