title: Factors affecting the successful management of intra-abdominal abscesses with antibiotics and the need for percutaneous drainage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  There is no definite consensus on the management of intra-abdominal abscesses in adults. This retrospective study evaluated the use of antibiotic therapy and percutaneous image-guided drainage in adult patients with intra-abdominal abscesses.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective chart review of 114 patients with intra-abdominal abscesses was conducted. Data collected included patient demographics, presenting symptoms, radiographic interpretation, vital signs, antibiotic coverage, laboratory values, and details of the hospital course. Bivariate statistical tests were performed using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test, where appropriate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-seven of 114 patients (59 percent) had intra-abdominal abscesses resulting from appendicitis, diverticulitis in 30 patients (26 percent), postoperative in 13 patients (11 percent), and undetermined in 4 patients (4 percent). Three patients (3 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 1-8 percent) failed conservative management and underwent urgent operation. Sixty-one (54 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 44-63 percent) patients improved with intravenous antibiotic therapy alone. Fifty patients (44 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 35-54 percent) underwent image-guided percutaneous drainage after 48 to 72 hours of antibiotic therapy. Patients who improved on antibiotics alone had average abscess diameter of 4 cm, whereas patients who underwent percutaneous drainage had average diameter of 6.5 cm (P<0.0001). Maximal temperature at time of admission was 100.8 degrees F for antibiotic group and 101.2 degrees F for percutaneous drainage group (P=0.0067).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The majority of the patients with intra-abdominal abscesses improved with antibiotic therapy alone. Those patients with an abscess diameter>6.5 cm and temperature at admission>101.2 degrees F have higher likelihood of failing conservative therapy with antibiotics alone and requiring percutaneous drainage.
authors.affiliation: Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Box 25, 1000 West Carson Street, Torrance, California 90509, USA. rkumar@ucla.edu
authors.forename: Ravin R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: Justin T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Jason S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Haukoos
authors.forename: Luis H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.forename: Matthew R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Dixon
authors.forename: Michael J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stamos
authors.forename: Viken R
authors.initials: VR
authors.lastname: Konyalian
mesh_terms: D018784:Abdominal Abscess / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015641:Radiography, Interventional; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D018084:Ultrasonography, Interventional
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents