title: Enhanced efficiency of superoxide dismutase-induced cardioprotection by retrograde intracoronary administration.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We hypothesized that modification of the infusion route may improve the efficiency of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-induced cardioprotection against reperfusion injury. The routes for SOD delivery previously examined were intravenous, via the left atrium, or by a combination of these, all of which can deliver SOD into the ischemic myocardium only after reperfusion. In contrast, retrograde intracoronary infusion may be able to deliver SOD before reperfusion. We investigated the feasibility and efficiency of the retrograde intracoronary infusion of SOD to attenuate reperfusion injury.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Lewis rats underwent 30-min left coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 24 h. Just before reperfusion, CuZn-SOD was administered intravenously (15,000 U/kg, V-SOD group) or by retrograde intracoronary infusion (1500 U/kg, R-SOD group) through a catheter inserted into left cardiac vein via left superior vena cava as we have previously reported. This method has been shown to perfuse the whole left ventricular free walls. Controls for each group were injected with phosphate buffer saline only via the same routes (V-PBS and R-PBS group). The R-SOD group demonstrated significantly preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; 71.3+/-1.7% vs. 60.8+/-2.3%, p=0.028), reduced infarct size (23.3+/-2.3% vs. 42.4+/-3.5%, p<0.001), and attenuated polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) infiltration (11.8+/-0.4 vs. 14.8+/-0.2 10(3)/mm(2), p<0.001) compared to the V-SOD group. The V-SOD group demonstrated significantly improved reflow (64.3+/-2.1% vs. 53.4+/-2.4%, p=0.017) and attenuated PMNL infiltration (14.8+/-0.2 vs. 16.8+/-0.7 10(3)/mm(2), p=0.018) compared to the V-PBS group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Retrograde intracoronary infusion is a promising, clinically applicable method to enhance the efficacy of SOD-induced myocardial protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.
authors.affiliation: Cell and Gene Therapy Group, Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
authors.forename: Satsuki
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fukushima
authors.forename: Steven R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Coppen
authors.forename: Anabel
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Varela-Carver
authors.forename: Gemma
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Brindley
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yamahara
authors.forename: Padmini
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sarathchandra
authors.forename: Magdi H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Yacoub
authors.forename: Ken
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003331:Coronary Vessels; D004452:Echocardiography; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D008297:Male; D023421:Models, Animal; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase