title: Inhibitory effects of Irigenin from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis on nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells.
abstract: In the present study, we investigated antiinflammatory effects of six flavonoids isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis (Iridaceae) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that irigenin concentration dependently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PG) E(2) production. Furthermore, this compound inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 proteins and mRNAs without an appreciable cytotoxic effect. Treatment of the transfectant RAW 264.7 cells with irigenin reduced the level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activity, also effectively lowered NF-kappaB binding measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), which was associated with decreased p65 protein levels in the nucleus. On the basis of the above data, we suggest that the effect of irigenin in decreasing LPS-induced NO and PGE(2) synthesis is due to diminish the mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and COX-2, respectively, also may be due to under the suppression of NF-kappaB activation. Therefore, irigenin isolated from the rhizomes of Belamcanda chinensis could be offered as a leading compound for anti-inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, USA.
authors.forename: Kwang Seok
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Eun Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Noh
authors.forename: Kwang-Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Cha
authors.forename: Yeong Shik
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Soon Sung
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kuk Hyun
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Shin
authors.forename: Sang Hoon
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Jung
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000096:biosynthesis; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015232:Dinoprostone / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D024202:Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology; D027621:Iridaceae / Q000737:chemistry*; D007529:Isoflavones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II / Q000378:metabolism; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D015533:Transcriptional Activation / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005419:Flavonoids; D007529:Isoflavones; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016328:NF-kappa B; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C509874:irigenin; D004247:DNA; D052247:Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; D015232:Dinoprostone