title: Obstructive sleep apnea and the metabolic syndrome in community-based Chinese adults in Hong Kong.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and the metabolic syndrome, an established cardiovascular risk factor, in middle-aged Chinese subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cross-sectional study from community-dwelling volunteers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects of either sex between 30 and 60 years old were recruited from the staff in public institutions or visitors to community centers in Hong Kong.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographic and anthropomentric indices, blood pressure and metabolic profile (fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured. Overnight polysomnographic studies were conducted. Presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)5. Metabolic syndrome was defined by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Panel, but using Asian cut-off values for abdominal obesity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 255 subjects (150 men, 105 women) were studied. Subjects with OSA had five-fold risk of having metabolic syndrome. OSA was associated with the metabolic syndrome or its components, including waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure and fasting glucose, after adjusting for confounding variables. The independent determinants of OSA were age, gender, body mass index (BMI) and the metabolic syndrome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Among community-based middle-aged Chinese subjects, the metabolic syndrome was independent predictor of OSA.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
authors.forename: Jamie C M
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Bing
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Chi-Leung
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: Julie K L
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Hung-Fat
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Tse
authors.forename: Karen S L
authors.initials: KS
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: Mary S M
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ip
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006723:Hong Kong; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D024821:Metabolic Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D017286:Polysomnography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012891:Sleep Apnea Syndromes / Q000150:complications* / Q000503:physiopathology