title: 1-Octen-3-ol inhibits conidia germination of Penicillium paneum despite of mild effects on membrane permeability, respiration, intracellular pH, and changes the protein composition.
abstract: 1-Octen-3-ol is a volatile germination self-inhibitor produced by Penicillium paneum that blocks the germination process. The size of conidia treated with 1-octen-3-ol was similar to that of freshly harvested conidia. Exposure to 1-octen-3-ol resulted in staining of 10-20% of the conidia with PI and TOTO, fluorescent DNA probes that cannot enter cells with an intact membrane, whereas only 3-5% of non-treated conidia were stained. Addition of 1-octen-3-ol to germinating conidia resulted in transient dissipation of the pH gradient. From this, we conclude that slight permeabilisation of the fungal membrane occurs in the presence of the inhibitor. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis of protein patterns revealed striking differences between non-germinated conidia, germinated conidia and 1-octen-3-ol-treated conidia. In conclusion, 1-octen-3-ol has mild effects on the plasma membrane, but interferes with essential metabolic processes, such as swelling and germination of the conidia, but in a reversible manner.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Biotechnion, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Gilma S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Chitarra
authors.forename: Tjakko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Abee
authors.forename: Frank M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Rombouts
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dijksterhuis
mesh_terms: D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D000442:Octanols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects*; D010407:Penicillium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D013172:Spores, Fungal / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D005656:Fungal Proteins; D000442:Octanols; C038844:1-octen-3-ol