title: Nuss procedure improves the quality of life in young male adults with pectus excavatum deformity.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive pectus repair. This study represents an attempt towards exploring the changes in quality of life and overall satisfaction in young male adults who underwent a Nuss procedure.
  
  
  METHODS
  We have included 20 male patients with a median age of 18 years (range: 14-37 years). We have used two specific questionnaires: the two-step Nuss evaluation Questionnaire modified for Adults (NQ-mA) and a new Single Step Questionnaire (SSQ). The data was analysed using Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine statistical significance of differences, with a <0.05 level of significance. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between the answers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary indication for surgery was cosmetic. Both questionnaires were adequate to measure disease-specific quality-of-life changes after surgery and were able to confirm the positive impact of surgery on both the physical and the physiological well-being of young adults. Statistical analysis of the scoring of the individual questions and the total score of individual patients revealed a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05) following surgery. The SSQ had a highly significant correlation to the NQ-mA questionnaire (correlation coefficient=0.682, p=0.001). Overall, the SSQ revealed a statistically significant improvement (p=0.001) in self-esteem and a high level of satisfaction following the Nuss procedure. Only two patients fell into a low satisfaction group.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Nuss procedure has already been shown to have a positive impact on both the physical and psychosocial well-being of children who are suffering from pectus excavatum deformity. We have shown a similar positive impact in young male adults, in the short term.
authors.affiliation: Royal Brompton Hospital, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK.
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krasopoulos
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dusmet
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ladas
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Goldstraw
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005660:Funnel Chest / Q000523:psychology / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D010147:Pain Measurement; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011788:Quality of Life; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D020775:Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D016896:Treatment Outcome