title: Temperament and character in mood disorders: influence of DRD4, SERTPR, TPH and MAO-A polymorphisms.
abstract: Gene variants exert a complex range of effects on human normal and abnormal behavior. We previously reported the effect of gene variants in serotoninergic and dopaminergic pathways, in a range of clinical features in mood disorders, such as symptomathology, periodicity, social adjustment and treatment response. In this paper we hypothesized that the same gene variants could influence temperamental traits in mood disorders patients. We focused on genes of the serotoninergic and dopaminergic systems (dopamine receptor D4 gene, DRD4; serotonin transporter gene, promoter region SERTPR; tryptophan hydroxylase gene, TPH; monoamine oxidase A gene, MAO-A). Two hundred and seven euthymic subjects, affected by major depressive disorder (n=73) and bipolar disorder (n=134) were assessed by the Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and typed using PCR-based analyses. Possible stratification factors such as demographic, clinical and other temperamental factors were also taken into account. We observed that homozygosity for the short SERTPR allele was associated with low novelty-seeking scores (p=0.006) and genotypes containing the DRD4 long allele were marginally associated with low harm avoidance (p=0.05). Finally, the long MAO-A allele was associated with decreased persistence scores among females (p=0.006). Our observation of a pattern of influence on temperamental dimension exerted by serotonergic and dopaminergic genes suggests that the contribution of these polymorphisms to the clinical presentation of mood disorders could be mediated by an influence on personality differences.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Vita-Salute University, San Raffaele Institute, Milan, Italy. serretti.alessandro@hsr.it
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Serretti
authors.forename: Laura
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandelli
authors.forename: Cristina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lorenzi
authors.forename: Samuela
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Landoni
authors.forename: Raffaella
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Calati
authors.forename: Chiara
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Insacco
authors.forename: C Robert
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Cloninger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000235:genetics*; D005106:Exploratory Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005787:Gene Frequency; D005828:Genetics, Population; D040261:Harm Reduction / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000235:genetics*; D010551:Personality / Q000235:genetics; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D011159:Population Surveillance; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4 / Q000235:genetics*; D012016:Reference Values; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: C493599:DRD4 protein, human; C493230:SLC6A4 protein, human; D050486:Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; D050638:Receptors, Dopamine D4; D014365:Tryptophan Hydroxylase; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase