title: Open four-compartment model in the measurement of liver perfusion.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The goal was to improve informativeness in the determination of liver perfusion with a clinically available iodinated computed tomography (CT) contrast agent by developing open multicompartmental modeling.
  
  
  METHODS
  Contrast-enhanced functional CT (fCT) examinations were conducted with temporal resolutions of 200-500 msec to 6 New Zealand White rabbits. First, we applied conventional open two-compartment model for the determination of arterial and portal blood flows (FA and FP), blood and interstitial volume fractions (fb and fi), and capillary permeability-surface area product (PS) of liver parenchyma. Then, we improved the modeling of vascular physiology by developing three- and open four-compartment models. For comparison, conventional single-compartment model was applied. We determined FA and FP also by using the peak-gradient method.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Conventional two-compartment model yielded identical fittings with single-compartment model and does not provide unique solutions for fb and fi. The presented open four-compartment model provided FA and FP values of 0.40 +/- 0.19 and 1.99 +/- 0.57 mL/min/mL (tissue), fb and fi values of 0.30 +/- 0.05 and 0.19 +/- 0.04 mL/mL (tissue), and PS values of 4.0 +/- 1.7 mL/min/mL (tissue). FA and FP are in a good agreement with those derived by using the peak-gradient method.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  With the use of clinical extracellular iodinated CT contrast agent, the presented open four-compartment model provided physiological arterial and portal blood flow values and is also a potential tool in the assessment of blood and interstitial volume fractions and capillary permeability-surface area product. Moreover, the model requires neither measurements from hepatic vein or from other organs nor visual determination of arterial or portal phase.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 4, 00029 Helsinki, Finland. mika.kapanen@luukku.com
authors.forename: Mika K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Kapanen
authors.forename: Juha T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Halavaara
authors.forename: Anna-Maija
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Häkkinen
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity / Q000502:physiology*; D001810:Blood Volume / Q000502:physiology; D001811:Blood Volume Determination / Q000379:methods; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003287:Contrast Media; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D008102:Liver Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D011168:Portal System / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011817:Rabbits; D011857:Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media