title: B cells and osteoblast and osteoclast development.
abstract: The molecules that regulate bone cell development, particularly at the early stages of development, are only partially known. Data are accumulating that indicate a complex relationship exists between B cells and bone cell differentiation. Although the exact nature of this relationship is still evolving, it takes at least two forms. First, factors that regulate B-cell growth and development have striking effects on osteoclast and osteoblast lineage cells. Similarly, factors that regulate bone cell development influence B-cell maturation. Second, a series of transcription factors required for B-cell differentiation have been identified, and these factors function in a developmentally ordered circuit. These transcription factors have unpredicted, pronounced, and non-overlapping effects on osteoblast and/or osteoclast development. These data indicate that at least a regulatory relationship exists between B lymphopoiesis, osteoclastogenesis, and osteoblastogenesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
authors.forename: Mark C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Horowitz
authors.forename: Alfred L M
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Bothwell
authors.forename: David G T
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Hesslein
authors.forename: David L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Pflugh
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Schatz
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000502:physiology*; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000502:physiology; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D015851:Interleukin-7 / Q000502:physiology; D038041:Lymphopoiesis; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology; D010006:Osteoblasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010010:Osteoclasts / Q000502:physiology*; D010012:Osteogenesis; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor / Q000502:physiology; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000502:physiology; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor / Q000502:physiology; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; C081976:EBF1 protein, human; D006023:Glycoproteins; D015851:Interleukin-7; D008562:Membrane Glycoproteins; D053244:Osteoprotegerin; D051757:PAX5 Transcription Factor; C497281:PAX5 protein, human; D053245:RANK Ligand; D053246:Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D018124:Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; C505686:TNFRSF11A protein, human; C506030:TNFRSF11B protein, human; C505688:TNFSF11 protein, human; D015534:Trans-Activators