title: Occurrence of Neospora caninum in dogs and its correlation with visceral leishmaniasis in the urban area of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
abstract: Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular protozoan that can infect domestic and wild canids, as well as ruminants and equines, and is described as causing neuromuscular alteration and death in dogs. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an infectious disease that affects both humans and animals, being caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, of which Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi is found in Brazil -- transmitted by sand flies, such as Lutzomyia longipalpis, in most of the American continent. The immunosuppression caused by VL can promote the occurrence of co-infections with other agents. In order to determine the frequency of N. caninum and its relationship to VL in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, 345 blood sera were collected from dogs. The sera were submitted to an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies and VL antibodies. N. caninum was found in 26.5% of VL-negative dogs and in 29% of VL-positive ones. Among males, it was found in 30.7% of VL-negative animals and in 30.4% of VL-positive ones; among females, in 21% of VL-negative animals and in 27.7% of VL-positive ones. Among juvenile dogs (under 1 year), N. caninum was detected in 10.5% of VL-negative animals and in 11.2% of VL-positive ones. For adult dogs (1 year and older) the results were 31.4% for VL-negative animals and 28.8% of VL-positive ones. The study revealed a statistically significant association with age (chi(2)=9.76, P<0.05) in the N. caninum results for VL-negative animals. No significant correlation in N. caninum seroprevalence was found when VL-positive or VL-negative dogs were compared (chi(2)=0.21, P=0.64). The findings suggest that in Campo Grande N. caninum and VL co-infection is common in dogs, though VL does not appear to enhance susceptibility to N. caninum.
authors.affiliation: Embrapa Gado de Corte, Animal Health, Rodovia BR 262, km 4, Caixa postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. andreott@cnpgc.embrapa.br
authors.forename: Renato
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Andreotti
authors.forename: Jacqueline Marques
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Elaine Araujo E
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Silva
authors.forename: Leandra Marla
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Oshiro
authors.forename: Maria de Fatima Cepa
authors.initials: Mde F
authors.lastname: Matos
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000097:blood*; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000469:parasitology; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D019084:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D016867:Immunocompromised Host; D007898:Leishmaniasis, Visceral / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000469:parasitology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D018688:Neospora / Q000276:immunology*; D016036:Seroepidemiologic Studies; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan