title: The relationship of quality of life, depression, and caregiver burden in outpatients with congestive heart failure.
abstract: Primary caregivers of patients with congestive heart failure withstand enormous burden, often sacrificing their own quality of life. The relationship between caregiver burden and depression and patient quality of life and depression in this setting is unknown. Fifty outpatients were prospectively administered the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Caregivers were administered the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview and BDI-II. The mean quality of life score was 35, and 26% had a BDI-II score >10. The mean Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview score was 16. Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, BDI-II, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview scores were all associated with lower ejection fraction, need for hospitalization, increased number of medications, and comorbidities. Patient Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score correlated with patient BDI-II, caregiver BDI-II, and Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview scores. Caregiver burden score correlated with both caregiver BDI-II and patient BDI-II. Death or hospitalization at 6 months was associated with caregiver burden and depressive symptoms and with patient quality of life and depressive symptoms. Caregivers of patients with congestive heart failure experience high caregiver burden and prevalence of depressive symptoms, which are related to the patient disease burden.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
authors.forename: Peter J D
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Hooley
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Butler
authors.forename: Jonathan G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Howlett
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D017281:Cost of Illness; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010045:Outpatients / Q000523:psychology*; D011336:Probability; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011788:Quality of Life; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D017678:Sex Distribution; D013315:Stress, Psychological; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires