title: [Helicobacter pylori infection in the child population in Spain: prevalence, related factors and influence on growth].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and the occurrence of digestive diseases in adults and children has been proven. Worldwide, the prevalence of H. pylori varies and it is possibly influenced by differences in the level of development. The goals of this study were a) to ascertain the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the child population in Spain, b) to study several factors related to this infection, and c) to establish its possible influence on growth.
  
  
  METHODS
  We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of children aged 1 to 14 years old. The sample consisted of 284 children (prevalence 5 15 %; accuracy 5 4 %; CI > 95 %), selected at random and stratified by age and sex. A pre-coded questionnaire was used for data collection. Diagnosis of H. pylori was established by detection of H. pylori antigen in stools with enzyme immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sample consisted of 144 boys and 140 girls, with a mean age of 6.89 6 4.25 years. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 15.8 % and progressively increased with age: 1- to 3-year-olds (8.4 %), 4- to 9-year-olds (13.9 %), 10- to 14-year-olds (24 %) (p < 0.05). The prevalence was significantly higher in boys (p < 0.01). Analysis of socio-environmental variables showed a higher H. pylori infection rate in children from families with a low socioeconomic level (p < 0.01), a high rate of overcrowding (p < 0.05), and in immigrants (p < 0.001). The H. pylori infection rate was higher in children with recurrent abdominal pain (p < 0.001) and in those whose parents had suffered from gastroduodenal disease (p < 0.001). H. pylori infection was more frequent in children aged 10 to 14 years old with weight and height percentiles below the 25th percentile (p < 0.05). Comparison of means revealed no significant differences.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of H. pylori infection found in our study was slightly lower than that found in other studies carried out in Spain; our data were more similar to those of industrialized countries. H. pylori infection was linked to age, sex and deprived socioeconomic environments, and was more frequent in children with recurrent abdominal pain and in those whose parents suffered from gastroduodenal disease. H. pylori infection did not seem to negatively affect growth in our child population.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Salud Gayarre. Tudela, Spain. vleandrl@cfnavarra.es
authors.forename: S V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Leandro Liberato
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hernández Galindo
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Torroba Alvarez
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Sánchez Miramón
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Leandro Ciriza
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gómez Abadía
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chueca Rodríguez
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D049628:Body Size; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005767:Gastrointestinal Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology