title: Influence of indole acetic acid on antioxidant levels and enzyme activities of glucose metabolism in rat liver.
abstract: Indole acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin and can be synthesized in animals. This compound is metabolized in vitro by peroxidase, producing reactive oxygen species. The toxic effect of indole acetic acid in leukocytes is associated with peroxidase activities and these processes have been implicated in activation of glucose and glutamine metabolism. However, studies in vitro have shown that IAA, in absence of peroxidase, is an antioxidant almost as high in potency as those of other indolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of a toxic effect of indole acetic acid in the liver, as evidenced by oxidative stress and enzyme activities of the glucose pathway. The animals received IAA by subcutaneous or gavage administration in a phosphate buffered saline (the control group received only the phosphate buffered saline). The other groups received IAA at concentrations of 1 mg, 18 mg and 40 mg per kg of body mass per day. Treatments with 18 mg and 40 mg IAA decreased the activity of catalase by both subcutaneous (30% and 26%) or gavage administration (19% and 28%), respectively. A similar effect was observed on the activity of glutathione peroxidase of animals exposed to 18 mg and 40 mg IAA: A decrease of 34% and 29%, respectively, for subcutaneous administration and a decrease of 29% and 25%, respectively, for gavage administration. However, in neither source of administration did the acid alter superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and myeloperoxidase activities. Another alteration was observed in respect of reduced glutathione content in this organ. The lipid peroxidation level showed a significant decrease with subcutaneous (30%, 29% and 24%) and gavage administration (25%, 26% and 24%) using 1 mg, 18 mg and 40 mg of IAA, respectively compared with the control. The reduced glutathione content and catalase activity in the plasma were not altered by either of the two methods of administration. In addition to these findings, after subcutaneous or gavage administration of IAA, the activities of hepatic enzymes of glucose metabolism were not affected (glucokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase). Evidence is presented herein that IAA did not have a pro-oxidant effect in the liver as deduced from a reduction of catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, a decrease of lipid peroxidation content and no alteration of the pool of reduced glutathione. The effects of IAA were independent of the way of administration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Zootechny and Food Engineering (FZEA), University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil.
authors.forename: Diogo Luiz
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Oliveira
authors.forename: Silvana M Piccoli
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Pugine
authors.forename: Mariana S Larraz
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Patricia Goldshmidt
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Lins
authors.forename: Ernane J Xavier
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costa
authors.forename: Mariza Pires
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: de Melo
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D050260:Carbohydrate Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects*; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism*; D005978:Glutathione / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D005980:Glutathione Reductase / Q000378:metabolism; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D015227:Lipid Peroxidation / Q000187:drug effects; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D002374:Catalase; D009195:Peroxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005980:Glutathione Reductase; D005978:Glutathione