title: A preliminary randomized double blind clinical trial on the efficacy of aqueous extract of Echium amoenum in the treatment of mild to moderate major depression.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Based on a traditional belief, Echium amoenum (Boraginaceae) dried flowers are used in Iran as an anxiolytic remedy and also as a mood enhancer. In this study, efficacy of an aqueous extract of E. amoenum in patients with mild to moderate major depressive disorder (a score > or =18 on the Hamilton depression rating scale) was evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  35 patients were randomly assigned to receive daily either placebo or 375 mg of E. amoenum aqueous extract in a 6-week double blind, parallel-group trial. Patients were assessed in weeks 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D17), the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A14), and a score sheet on adverse effects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In week 4, the extract showed a significant superiority over placebo in reducing depressive symptoms. The effect on anxiety was not significant. Headache, somnolence, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation and blurred vision are the most commonly reported side effects. However, with regards to these side effects, no significant difference between placebo and drug treated groups was observed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study is performed with a small sample size, only with one dose and for 6 weeks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  E. amoenum aqueous extract may have some antidepressant activity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Clinical Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
authors.forename: Mehdi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayyah
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sayyah
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kamalinejad
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000928:Antidepressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D036661:Echium / Q000737:chemistry*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008517:Phytotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000928:Antidepressive Agents; D010936:Plant Extracts