title: Hypnosis-associated blue-tinted vision: a case report.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Self-hypnosis has been taught routinely at the SUNY Upstate Medical University for treatment of pulmonary symptoms thought to be amenable to psychological therapy. While using hypnosis for relaxation, four individuals, including a patient with cystic fibrosis, reported development of blue-tinted vision. Based on a search of the literature, we believe this is the first published report of hypnosis-associated blue-tinted vision.
  
  
  METHODS
  The patient reported blue-tinted vision when he used hypnosis on an almost daily basis for seven years. The visual change typically occurred when he was relaxed. Moreover, a concurrent erection in the absence of sexual thoughts usually was present. The other three individuals reported blue-tinted vision after learning how to use hypnosis for relaxation as part of a group hypnosis instruction.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The blue-tinted vision experienced by the individuals in this report may be the result of an hypnosis-induced primary change in cognitive processing. Additionally, as the relaxing effect of hypnosis can be associated with a reduction in blood pressure and increased blood flow, hypnosis-associated blue-tinted vision also may be related to retinal vasodilation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA. anbarr@upstate.edu
authors.forename: Ran D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Anbar
authors.forename: Aaron D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Savedoff
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003117:Color Vision Defects / Q000209:etiology*; D003550:Cystic Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D008297:Male; D010410:Penile Erection