title: Bioremediation of crystal violet using air bubble bioreactor packed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
abstract: Seven water and sediment samples were collected and tested for decolorizing crystal violet. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most effective isolate for dye decolorization. The LC50 of the crystal violet (115 mg/l) was measured using Artemia salina as a biomarker. The effect of different heavy metals on crystal violet decolorization was investigated. Cd2+ and Fe3+ ions showed marginal enhancement of the decolorization process, the rate was 1.35 mg/l/h compared to (1.25 mg/l/h) for the control. Phenol and m-cresol showed no effect on crystal violet decolorization, meanwhile p-cresol and p-nitrophenol reduced the decolorization rate to 1.07 and 0.01 mg/l/h, respectively. P. aeruginosa cells were immobilized by entrapment in agar-alginate beads. The beads were cultivated and reused in Erlenmeyer flask and in an air bubble column bioreactor and they enhanced the crystal violet decolorization rate to 3.33 and 7.5 mg/l/h, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Microbiology Laboratory, Marine Environmental Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kaiyet Bay, El-Anfoshy, Alexandria, Egypt. malnaggar66@yahoo.com
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Manal
authors.forename: Samy
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: El-Naggar
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: El-Aasar
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Barakat Khlood
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001156:Artemia / Q000187:drug effects; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D019149:Bioreactors; D003116:Color; D005840:Gentian Violet / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D019216:Metals, Heavy / Q000737:chemistry; D010636:Phenols / Q000737:chemistry; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism*; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D019216:Metals, Heavy; D010636:Phenols; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D005840:Gentian Violet