title: Work of breathing during lung-protective ventilation in patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a comparison between volume and pressure-regulated breathing modes.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Pressure-control ventilation (PCV) and pressure-regulated volume-control (PRVC) ventilation are used during lung-protective ventilation because the high, variable, peak inspiratory flow rate (V (I)) may reduce patient work of breathing (WOB) more than the fixed V (I) of volume-control ventilation (VCV). Patient-triggered breaths during PCV and PRVC may result in excessive tidal volume (V(T)) delivery unless the inspiratory pressure is reduced, which in turn may decrease the peak V (I). We tested whether PCV and PRVC reduce WOB better than VCV with a high, fixed peak V (I) (75 L/min) while also maintaining a low V(T) target.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fourteen nonconsecutive patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome were studied prospectively, using a random presentation of ventilator modes in a crossover, repeated-measures design. A target V(T) of 6.4 + 0.5 mL/kg was set during VCV and PRVC. During PCV the inspiratory pressure was set to achieve the same V(T). WOB and other variables were measured with a pulmonary mechanics monitor (Bicore CP-100).
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a nonsignificant trend toward higher WOB (in J/L) during PCV (1.27 + 0.58 J/L) and PRVC (1.35 + 0.60 J/L), compared to VCV (1.09 + 0.59 J/L). While mean V(T) was not statistically different between modes, in 40% of patients, V(T) markedly exceeded the lung-protective ventilation target during PRVC and PCV.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  During lung-protective ventilation, PCV and PRVC offer no advantage in reducing WOB, compared to VCV with a high flow rate, and in some patients did not allow control of V(T) to be as precise.
authors.affiliation: Critical Care Division, Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, USA. richkallet@earthlink.net
authors.forename: Richard H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kallet
authors.forename: Andre R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Rochelle A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Dicker
authors.forename: Jeffrey A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Mackersie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000403:Airway Resistance / Q000502:physiology; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011175:Positive-Pressure Respiration / Q000379:methods*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012128:Respiratory Distress Syndrome / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D013990:Tidal Volume / Q000502:physiology; D014939:Work of Breathing / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives