title: Germ cell fate and seminiferous tubule development in bovine testis xenografts.
abstract: Spermatogenesis can occur in testis tissue from immature bulls ectopically grafted into mouse hosts; however, efficiency of sperm production is lower than in other donor species. To elucidate a possible mechanism for the impaired spermatogenesis in bovine testis xenografts, germ cell fate and xenograft development were investigated at different time points and compared with testis tissue from age-matched calves as controls. Histologically, an initial decrease in germ cell number was noticed in xenografts recovered up to 2 months post-grafting without an increase in germ cell apoptosis. From 2 months onward, the number of germ cells increased. In contrast, a continuous increase in germ cell number was seen in control tissue. Pachytene spermatocytes were observed in some grafts before 4 months, whereas in the control tissue they were not present until 5 months of age. Beyond 4 months post-grafting spermatogenesis appeared to be arrested at the pachytene spermatocyte stage in most grafts. Elongated spermatids were observed between 6 and 8 months post-grafting, similar to the controls, albeit in much lower numbers. Lumen formation started earlier in grafts compared with controls and by 6 months post-grafting tubules with extensively dilated lumen were observed. A donor effect on efficiency of spermatogenesis was also observed. These results indicate that the low efficiency of sperm production in bovine xenografts is due to an initial deficit of germ cells and impaired meiotic and post-meiotic differentiation. The characterization of spermatogenic efficiency will provide the basis to understand the control of spermatogenesis in testis grafts.
authors.affiliation: Center for Animal Transgenesis and Germ Cell Research, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
authors.forename: Rahul
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rathi
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Honaramooz
authors.forename: Wenxian
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zeng
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schlatt
authors.forename: Ina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Dobrinski
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D008819:Mice, Nude; D012671:Seminiferous Tubules / Q000254:growth & development*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013087:Spermatids / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013090:Spermatocytes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D013091:Spermatogenesis; D013737:Testis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000637:transplantation*; D013997:Time Factors; D014183:Transplantation, Heterologous; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D013006:Growth Hormone; D043222:Ubiquitin Thiolesterase; C496976:Uchl1 protein, mouse