title: On the effects of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat and wheat chaff on nutrient utilisation and turnover of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in vitro (Rusitec).
abstract: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium toxin contaminated wheat and wheat chaff (mycotoxin diet) on nutrient degradability and the metabolism of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) using the rumen simulations technique (Rusitec). A 6 day application period with control wheat and wheat chaff (control diet) was followed by an 8 day sampling phase. During this time three fermenters received the mycotoxin diet (64.9 mg DON/kg dry matter (DM) and 500 microg ZON/kg DM) and the remaining fermenters served as the controls (1.0mg DON/kg DM and 6 microg ZON/kg DM). Feed residues of the bags and samples of the effluent liquids were pooled per fermenter during the last 8 days of the experiment. Additionally, effluents of the mycotoxin fermenters were taken 6, 12 and 24h after the morning feeding on the first day of the sampling phase. The degradation of organic matter (OM; P<0.05), neutral detergent fibre (NDF; P<0.01) and protein (P<0.001) were increased by administration the Fusarium contaminated diet which was accompanied by an increased ammonia concentration (P<0.01) and increased butyrate (P<0.01), isobutyrate (P<0.01) and isovalerate (P<0.05) values of the mycotoxin effluents in relation to the controls. High proportions of ingested DON of 90% (85-93%) and ingested ZON of 93% (80-104%) were recovered at the pooled feed residues and effluents in form of DON and de-epoxy DON, and ZON and alpha-ZOL after administering the Fusarium toxin contaminated feed. While adsorption of DON as DON and de-epoxy DON in the feed particles was only minor (5%), a higher amount of 38% of ingested ZON was recovered as ZON and alpha-ZOL at the feed residues. The total recovery of DON plus de-epoxy DON in effluents as a percentage of DON intake reached 8%, 9% and 22% of ingested DON at 6, 12 and 24h after application of the contaminated diet the first time, whereby the recovery of de-epoxy DON as percentage of DON intake was only 5% at 24h. Concentrations of ZON and metabolites were lower than detection limits in the time dependent effluent samples.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Animal Nutrition, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany. karen.seeling@fal.de
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Seeling
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boguhn
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strobel
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Dänicke
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Valenta
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ueberschär
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rodehutscord
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D005285:Fermentation; D005506:Food Contamination; D005670:Fusarium / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012756:Sheep; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum / Q000382:microbiology*; D015025:Zearalenone / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014255:Trichothecenes; D015025:Zearalenone; C007262:deoxynivalenol