title: Pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap: a clinical and functional outcomes study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Functional outcomes and morbidities of pharyngoesophageal reconstruction have not been satisfactory. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate such outcomes following pharyngoesophageal reconstruction with the anterolateral thigh flap.
  
  
  METHODS
  Reconstruction of pharyngoesophageal defects was performed in 41 consecutive patients with the anterolateral thigh flap. There were 31 circumferential and 10 near-circumferential defects. In the initial nine patients, a portion of the flap was externalized for monitoring by deepithelializing a strip of skin at the distal anastomosis. This technique resulted in a 33-percent fistula rate and was thus modified for the subsequent 32 patients, in whom a true end-to-end, spatulated anastomosis was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total flap loss occurred in one patient, and one patient had partial flap necrosis due to ischemic bowel and sepsis. The mean hospital stay was 6.7 +/- 1.9 days. With the modified technique, fistulas occurred in two out of 25 patients (8 percent) and two out of seven patients (29 percent) with circumferential and near-circumferential defects, respectively, for an overall fistula rate of 13 percent. Strictures occurred in three out of 25 (12 percent) of patients with circumferential defects only. Fluent speech was achieved in all 13 patients who had successful tracheoesophageal prosthesis placement. Among the 34 patients available for diet assessment, two patients (6 percent) required partial tube feeding owing to extensive tongue resection; all other patients tolerated a regular (88 percent) or pureed (6 percent) diet.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The anterolateral thigh flap offers comparable complication rates, superior speech and swallowing functions, minimal donor-site morbidity, a quick recovery, and a short hospital stay.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA. peirongyu@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Peirong
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Geoffrey L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Robb
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D003679:Deglutition; D004947:Esophagus / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007825:Laryngectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D007831:Larynx, Artificial; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000601:surgery; D016609:Neoplasms, Second Primary / Q000601:surgery; D016155:Oral Fistula / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery*; D010610:Pharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D010611:Pharyngectomy; D010614:Pharynx / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000379:methods*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014945:Wound Healing