title: Training surgeons in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  General surgeons commonly perform upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in practice, but few perform endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), partly because of limited training opportunities. This report focuses on the value of an ERCP fellowship training program to a broad-based, mature residency in surgery and our observations on the experience required for surgeons to be trained in advanced interventional ERCP.
  
  
  METHODS
  Since the program was initiated in 1992, 13 ERCP fellows have been trained for individual periods of 6 to 14 months. This study investigated all procedures with fellow involvement (2,008 cases) from among a total experience of 3,641 ERCPs. Data collected included type of ERCP (diagnostic/therapeutic), fellow success in cannulating the duct of interest, and faculty success in cases of fellows who failed. Of the 13 fellows, 9 had previous endoscopy experience, but none had training in ERCP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  An 85% cannulation rate was accepted as successful, and cannulation rates for each fellow were calculated for each 3-month period. The 85% mark was reached by 4 (31%) of 13 fellows in the first period, 2 of 13 fellows (15%) in the second period, 5 of 11 fellows (45%) in the third period, 7 of 10 fellows (70%) in the fourth period, and 1 of 1 fellow (100%) in the fifth period of training. On the average, it took 7.1 months and 102 ERCPs for trainees to reach desired success levels. Success came more promptly with prior exposure to endoscopy. Fellows without prior endoscopic experience required 148 cases to reach 85% success. Resident surgical experience with major pancreatic resections increased threefold after establishment of the fellowship.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Training in ERCP is possible within the scope of a surgical fellowship in a reasonable length of time and experience. Complication rates remain low even with fellow involvement. Establishment of an ERCP program increases the focus and experience of pancreas surgery in a surgical residency for chief residents.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA. gcvita01@louisville.edu
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Zavaleta
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Vitale
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Binford
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Tran
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Larson
mesh_terms: D002404:Catheterization / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004502:Education, Medical, Continuing; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005257:Fellowships and Scholarships; D006801:Humans; D007396:Internship and Residency; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors