title: Analysis of cadmium and lead: their immunosuppressive effects and distribution in various organs of mice.
abstract: Chronic exposure (3.5 mo) of mice to cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), or a cadmium-lead mixture at a concentration of 1 ppm in drinking water induced a highly significant inhibition of antibody response to human serum. The highest immunosuppression (84.4%) was induced by the Cd-Pb mixture, whereas Cd caused the lowest immunosuppression (53.6%). The body burden of Cd and Pb in various organs was investigated in the four groups of mice by atomic absorption spectrometry. The highest level of Cd was found in the kidney of the Cd-treated group, and the highest level of Pb was found in the liver of the Pb- and Cd-Pb-treated groups. It is concluded that when mice are exposed concurrently to Cd and Pb, they develop synergistic immunosuppression. Analysis of Cd levels using atomic absorption spectrometry revealed that it was distributed in the following order: kidney > liver > spleen > heart, whereas Pb was distributed in the following order: liver > kidney > spleen > heart.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
authors.forename: Adnan M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Massadeh
authors.forename: Saafan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Al-Safi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000906:Antibodies / Q000378:metabolism; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007854:Lead / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D009928:Organ Specificity; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D002104:Cadmium; D007854:Lead