title: Quantitative motor unit action potentials (QMUAP) in whiplash patients with neck and upper-limb pain.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Needle EMG studies in patients with whiplash symptoms to document presence of neural injury, such as cervical radiculopathy, are not available.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To document presence of motor unit action potential (MUAP) parameter changes compatible with neurogenic involvement in symptomatic-limb muscles in whiplash induced acute and chronic pain states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective review.
  
  
  METHODS
  Out patient quantitative electromyography (QEMG) laboratory.
  
  
  METHODS
  72 consecutive patients (mean age 43.6 years) who underwent QEMG between 1/2001 - 12/2004 for electrodiagnosis of neck and upper-limb pain related to auto-accidents (mean symptom duration 15.3 months).
  
  
  METHODS
  QEMG with MUAP parameter analysis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Amplitude, duration, size-index (SI), percentage of polyphasic units and firing rate analysis in chosen bilateral muscles representing C3-C8 myotomes.
  
  
  RESULTS
  No spontaneous activity noted in muscles examined. Without subsetting symptom duration, symptomatic-side: asymptomatic-side MUAP parameter comparison showed significant increase in MUAP frequency on the symptomatic-side C6-muscle (10.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 9.7 +/- 1.4, p = < 0.05), and C7 muscle (10.0 +/- 1.2 vs. 9.1 +/- 1.1, p < or = 0.01). The symptomatic-side C6-muscle also showed increased percentage of polyphasic-MUAPs (23.7 +/- 13.1 vs. 15.9 +/- 12.7, p < 0.001). Patients with acute symptom duration (< 6 months, mean duration 3.4 +/- 1.4 months, N=26), showed increased percentage of polyphasic MUAPs in the symptomatic-side C6-muscle (27.0 +/- 12.3% vs. asymptomatic 22.2 +/- 17.6%, p < or = 0.05). In patients with chronic symptom duration (> or =6 months, mean duration 22.0 +/- 17.9 months, N=46), symptomatic-side C6-muscle showed increased polyphasic MUAPs (22.2 +/- 13.2%) vs. asymptomatic (15.5 +/- 11.6%), p < or = 0.02, and higher firing rates (10.3 +/- 1.7 vs. 9.6 +/- 1.3 respectively, p < or = 0.003).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  QEMG changes suggest neural injury in symptomatic side C6 and C7 innervated muscles, even in the absence of spontaneous activity. In acute and chronic pain patients a higher percentage of polyphasic MUAPs is noted in the symptomatic side C6 muscle. In chronic pain patients higher MUAP frequencies are noted in the symptomatic side C6 muscle.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital of the University of PA, Philadelphia 19104, USA. jechu@comcast.net
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Eun
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Schwartz
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D001132:Arm; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004576:Electromyography; D006801:Humans; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000294:innervation; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014911:Whiplash Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000503:physiopathology*