title: Invasive phenotype and apoptosis induction of Plesiomonas shigelloides P-1 strain to Caco-2 cells.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanism of the host cell invasion of Plesiomonas shigelloides and its capability to induce apoptosis were investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We performed a time course experiment on the bacterial adherence and invasion of the P. shigelloides P-1 strain into Caco-2 cells using an invasion assay and flow cytometry. The adherence of P. shigelloides to the Caco-2 cells was almost completed within 10 min after the infection. Thereafter, P. shigelloides starts internalization within the Caco-2 cells, which was completed within 60 min after the infection. Based on the invasion assay using nocodazole, cytochalasin D, and genistein, it became clear that the mechanism of the internalization depended on the signal transduction followed by the rearrangement of the cytoskeletal protein. Based on the DNA laddering and TUNEL methods, the cytotoxicity of the Caco-2 cells by the invasion of P. shigelloides occurred through the induction of apoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work demonstrated that the mechanism of invasion of P. shigelloides into Caco-2 cells and the invasion of P. shigelloides induces apoptotic cell death.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This work revealed the virulence factor, which may be important for understanding of the pathogenesis of P. shigelloides.
authors.affiliation: Second Department of Hygienic Chemistry, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Miyagi, Japan.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tsugawa
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ono
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Okawa
mesh_terms: D017209:Apoptosis; D001422:Bacterial Adhesion; D001431:Bacteriological Techniques; D018938:Caco-2 Cells / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D020287:In Situ Nick-End Labeling; D016981:Plesiomonas / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D013997:Time Factors; D014774:Virulence