title: Insertion of frontalis muscle relating to blepharoptosis repair.
abstract: The aim of the study is to elucidate the precise anatomy and histologic structure of frontalis muscle relating to blepharoptosis repair. Five Korean adult cadavers were used. The soft tissues of the lower forehead, including muscle and periosteum, were dissected at different sagittal planes and then observed histologically and photographed. Masson's trichrome was used for staining the section specimens. The frontalis muscle passed through and inserted into the bundles of the orbicularis oculi muscle on the superior border of the eyebrow at middle and medial side of the upper eyelid. However, at the lateral side it inserted about 0.5 cm below the superior border of eyebrow. At the medial side of the eyelid, the most distal frontalis muscle was located deep to the procerus muscle and superficial to the corrugator muscle. A knowledge of the distal insertion of the frontalis muscle is referred to the muscle transfer procedure for blepharoptosis repair.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic Surgery, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea. jokerhg@inha.ac.kr
authors.forename: Kun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Dae Joong
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Se Ho
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Hwang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001391:Azo Compounds; D001763:Blepharoptosis; D002102:Cadaver; D004396:Coloring Agents; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS); D005138:Eyebrows / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005143:Eyelids / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005205:Fascia / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D005546:Forehead / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008739:Methyl Green; D008875:Middle Aged; D009915:Orbit / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010521:Periosteum / Q000033:anatomy & histology
chemical_list: D001391:Azo Compounds; D004396:Coloring Agents; C017768:trichrome stain; D008739:Methyl Green; D004801:Eosine Yellowish-(YS)