title: A plaster combining diclofenac and heparin: microcirculatory evaluation in 2 models of high-perfusion microangiopathy.
abstract: A medicated plaster containing diclofenac epolamine (DHEP) and heparin has been recently proposed for the treatment of local trauma (ie, ankle sprains) accompanied by a clinically significant edema and/or hematoma formation, based on the combined antiinflammatory, hemorheologic, and antiedema properties of diclofenac and heparin. The aim of this study was therefore to compare the effects of a combined DHEP/heparin and DHEP alone in 2 clinical experimental models of microangiopathy, in order to provide a pharmacologic rationale for association of diclofenac and heparin. The microcirculation was evaluated by measuring cutaneous blood flow (laser Doppler) and transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures (TcPO(2) and TcPCO(2)) in 10 healthy volunteers before and after producing 2 microcirculatory models of microangiopathy: the models were based on reactive hyperemia (RH) and on local histamine injection, which both produce a significant increase in skin flux and alterations of TcPO(2) and TcPCO(2). The area of the study was the distal medial leg, treated with placebo, DHEP alone (Flector Tissugel), and DHEP/heparin (Flector Tissugel Heparin). The plasters were applied before producing the microcirculatory models to evaluate the efficacy of DHEP and DHEP/heparin in controlling and limiting vasodilatation and development of microangiopathy. A significant increase in cutaneous flux was obtained with both models. The application of DHEP partially limited the increase in flux and in TcPCO(2), as well as the decrease in TcPO(2) (which were considered signs of microangiopathy), but the combination DHEP/heparin was significantly more effective than DHEP alone. The inclusion of heparin in the plaster thus improved the control of the microcirculation achieved with diclofenac alone, when an experimental model of venous/arterial hyperemia and microangiopathy was used. In conclusion, DHEP in association with heparin modulates microcirculatory changes better than DHEP alone. It should be interesting to investigate the product in comparable clinical conditions in which it may be useful to act pharmacologically both on inflammation and microcirculatory disturbances that delay the recovery of patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Italy. cardres@pe.abol.it
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Belcaro
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Cesarone
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Vinciguerra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ledda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dugall
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Di Renzo
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Stuard
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ricci
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cacchio
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ippolito
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hosoi
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Fano
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Spignoli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000925:Anticoagulants / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002370:Casts, Surgical; D004008:Diclofenac / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006493:Heparin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008833:Microcirculation / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D000925:Anticoagulants; D004008:Diclofenac; D006493:Heparin