title: Proteomic approach in the search of new cardiovascular biomarkers.
abstract: With the increasing incidence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide, specifically atherosclerosis and heart failure, the search for novel biomarkers remains a priority. As opposed to complex diagnostic techniques that may not be suitable to be applied to the wider population, biomarkers are useful for population screening. The search for novel biomarkers is based on knowledge of the molecular and cellular processes that take place in the development of a specific disease. Atherosclerosis and heart failure are characterized by a long period of silent disease progression, allowing early diagnosis and the potential of early therapeutic intervention. The use of the so-called proteomic techniques allows not only protein identification but partial characterization, which includes expression and also post-translational modification of these proteins. This allows for the discovery of previously unknown proteins involved in cardiovascular diseases, including some that may be suitable to be used as biomarkers. However, to approach this issue, we have to overcome difficulties such as tissue heterogeneity (vessel wall or myocardium) and the lack of fresh human samples. We discuss the proteomic study of human plaques, secreted proteins by pathologic and normal vessel wall, and left ventricular hypertrophy as potential sources of new biologic markers of cardiovascular disease.
authors.affiliation: Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory, Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma, and Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: Julio
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gallego-Delgado
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lazaro
authors.forename: Julio I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Osende
authors.forename: Maria G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Barderas
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Blanco-Colio
authors.forename: Maria Carmen
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Duran
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Martin-Ventura
authors.forename: Fernando
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Vivanco
authors.forename: Jesus
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Egido
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D015180:Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D040901:Proteomics; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011506:Proteins