title: 211At radioimmunotherapy of subcutaneous human ovarian cancer xenografts: evaluation of relative biologic effectiveness of an alpha-emitter in vivo.
abstract: The use of alpha-particle emitters in radioimmunotherapy (RIT) appears to be promising. We previously obtained convincing results in the treatment of microscopic intraperitoneal ovarian cancer in nude mice by using the alpha-emitter 211At. This study was performed to evaluate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 211At compared with that of 60Co gamma-irradiation in an RIT model. Our endpoint was growth inhibition (GI) of subcutaneous xenografts.
  
  
  METHODS
  GI after irradiation was studied with subcutaneous xenografts of the human ovarian cancer cell line NIH:OVCAR-3 implanted in nude mice. The animals received an intravenous injection of 211At-labeled monoclonal antibody MX35 F(ab')2 at different levels of radioactivity (0.33, 0.65, and 0.90 MBq). Control mice received unlabeled MX35 F(ab')2 only. To calculate the mean absorbed dose to tumor, a separate biodistribution study established the uptake of 211At in tumors and organs at different times after injection. External irradiation of the tumors was performed with 60Co. Tumor growth was monitored, and the normalized tumor volume (NTV) was calculated for each tumor. GI was defined by dividing the NTV values by the fitted NTV curve obtained from the corresponding control mice. To compare the biologic effects of the 2 radiation qualities, the mean value for GI (from day 8 to day 23) was plotted for each tumor as a function of its corresponding absorbed dose. From exponential fits of these curves, the doses required for a GI of 0.37 (D37) were derived, and the RBE of 211At was calculated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The biodistribution study showed the uptake of the immunoconjugate by the tumor (amount of injected radioactivity per gram) to be 14% after 7 h. At 40 h, the ratio of uptake in tumors to uptake in blood reached a maximum value of 6.2. The administered activities of 211At corresponded to doses absorbed by tumors of 1.35, 2.65, and 3.70 Gy. The value (mean+/-SEM) for D37 was 1.59+/-0.08 Gy. Tumor growth after 60Co external irradiation showed a value for D37 of 7.65+/-1.0 Gy. The corresponding RBE of 211At irradiation was 4.8+/-0.7.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using a tumor GI model in nude mice, we were able to derive an RBE of alpha-particle RIT with 211At. The RBE was found to be 4.8+/-0.7.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Physics, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden. tom.baeck@radfys.gu.se
authors.forename: Tom
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bäck
authors.forename: Håkan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Andersson
authors.forename: Chaitanya R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Divgi
authors.forename: Ragnar
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hultborn
authors.forename: Holger
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jensen
authors.forename: Sture
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindegren
authors.forename: Stig
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Palm
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Jacobsson
mesh_terms: D000512:Alpha Particles; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000737:chemistry; D001246:Astatine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D004307:Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007554:Isotopes / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D010051:Ovarian Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D016499:Radioimmunotherapy / Q000379:methods*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011874:Radiometry; D012062:Relative Biological Effectiveness; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D007554:Isotopes; D011868:Radioisotopes; D001246:Astatine