title: Periodic exacerbation of gingival inflammation during the menstrual cycle.
abstract: Sex hormones are believed to be a risk factor for periodontitis because of their ability to proliferate specific periodontal microorganisms and affect host immunologic response. In this case report, gingival redness and swelling occurred during the menstrual cycle, although the patient maintained good oral hygiene during periodontal treatment. Medical history revealed that exacerbation of gingival inflammation corresponded to the menstrual cycle and occurred during the ovulation period, when estrogen levels are high. Mean bleeding index of the ovulation period (18.9%) showed higher levels than that during the menstrual phase (5.3%). This case indicates that frequent and effective maintenance should be provided while considering the influence of the menstrual cycle, as sex hormones may be involved in exacerbating gingival inflammation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Nobuko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Koreeda
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Iwano
authors.forename: Mamoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Ayako
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Otsuka
authors.forename: Aki
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Naoyuki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Koichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ito
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005884:Gingival Hemorrhage / Q000503:physiopathology; D005891:Gingivitis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008597:Menstrual Cycle / Q000502:physiology*; D009910:Oral Hygiene; D010060:Ovulation / Q000502:physiology; D010512:Periodontal Index
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens