title: Scope and mechanistic study of the ruthenium-catalyzed ortho-C-H bond activation and cyclization reactions of arylamines with terminal alkynes.
abstract: The cationic ruthenium hydride complex [(PCy(3))(2)(CO)(CH(3)CN)(2)RuH](+)BF(4)(-) was found to be a highly effective catalyst for the C-H bond activation reaction of arylamines and terminal alkynes. The regioselective catalytic synthesis of substituted quinoline and quinoxaline derivatives was achieved from the ortho-C-H bond activation reaction of arylamines and terminal alkynes by using the catalyst Ru(3)(CO)(12)/HBF(4).OEt(2). The normal isotope effect (k(CH)/k(CD) = 2.5) was observed for the reaction of C(6)H(5)NH(2) and C(6)D(5)NH(2) with propyne. A highly negative Hammett value (rho = -4.4) was obtained from the correlation of the relative rates from a series of meta-substituted anilines, m-XC(6)H(4)NH(2), with sigma(p) in the presence of Ru(3)(CO)(12)/HBF(4).OEt(2) (3 mol % Ru, 1:3 molar ratio). The deuterium labeling studies from the reactions of both indoline and acyclic arylamines with DCCPh showed that the alkyne C-H bond activation step is reversible. The crossover experiment from the reaction of 1-(2-amino-1-phenyl)pyrrole with DCCPh and HCCC(6)H(4)-p-OMe led to preferential deuterium incorporation to the phenyl-substituted quinoline product. A mechanism involving rate-determining ortho-C-H bond activation and intramolecular C-N bond formation steps via an unsaturated cationic ruthenium acetylide complex has been proposed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201-1881, USA. chae.yi@marquette.edu
authors.forename: Chae S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Sang Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Yun
mesh_terms: D000480:Alkynes / Q000737:chemistry*; D000814:Aniline Compounds / Q000737:chemistry*; D002384:Catalysis; D003500:Cyclization; D007700:Kinetics; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D011804:Quinolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D012428:Ruthenium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D000814:Aniline Compounds; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D011804:Quinolines; D011810:Quinoxalines; D012428:Ruthenium