title: Identification of a twin-arginine translocation system in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and its contribution to pathogenicity and fitness.
abstract: The bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (DC3000) causes disease in Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato plants, and it elicits the hypersensitive response in nonhost plants such as Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana benthamiana. While these events chiefly depend upon the type III protein secretion system and the effector proteins that this system translocates into plant cells, additional factors have been shown to contribute to DC3000 virulence and still many others are likely to exist. Therefore, we explored the contribution of the twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system to the physiology of DC3000. We found that a tatC mutant strain of DC3000 displayed a number of phenotypes, including loss of motility on soft agar plates, deficiency in siderophore synthesis and iron acquisition, sensitivity to copper, loss of extracellular phospholipase activity, and attenuated virulence in host plant leaves. In the latter case, we provide evidence that decreased virulence of tatC mutants likely arises from a synergistic combination of (i) compromised fitness of bacteria in planta; (ii) decreased efficiency of type III translocation; and (iii) cytoplasmically retained virulence factors. Finally, we demonstrate a novel broad-host-range genetic reporter based on the green fluorescent protein for the identification of Tat-targeted secreted virulence factors that should be generally applicable to any gram-negative bacterium. Collectively, our evidence supports the notion that virulence of DC3000 is a multifactorial process and that the Tat system is an important virulence determinant of this phytopathogenic bacterium.
authors.affiliation: U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, USA.
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bronstein
authors.forename: Matthew
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Marrichi
authors.forename: Sam
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cartinhour
authors.forename: David J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: Matthew P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: DeLisa
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000382:microbiology; D001692:Biological Transport; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000235:genetics; D017930:Genes, Reporter; D005816:Genetic Complementation Test; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D007501:Iron / Q000378:metabolism; D018551:Solanum lycopersicum / Q000382:microbiology; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009068:Movement; D016254:Mutagenesis, Insertional; D009154:Mutation; D010740:Phospholipases / Q000378:metabolism; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000382:microbiology; D018515:Plant Leaves / Q000382:microbiology; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D044224:Pseudomonas syringae / Q000235:genetics* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D017262:Siderophores / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014026:Nicotiana / Q000382:microbiology; D037521:Virulence Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D026901:Membrane Transport Proteins; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D017262:Siderophores; D037521:Virulence Factors; D049452:Green Fluorescent Proteins; D003300:Copper; D007501:Iron; D010740:Phospholipases