title: Non-esterified fatty acid concentrations are independently associated with hepatic steatosis in obese subjects.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We tested the hypothesis that NEFA concentrations are higher in obese subjects with fatty liver than in obese subjects without fatty liver.
  
  
  METHODS
  We recruited 22 obese (BMI>30 kg/m(2)) men aged 42-64 years, in whom liver fat was assessed by ultrasound and classified into categories of no, mild to moderate and severe fatty liver by two independent radiologists. Regional and visceral abdominal fat were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, and endogenous glucose production, whole-body glucose disposal during an insulin clamp, and NEFA concentrations were measured, along with NEFA suppression (percent (%) suppression and insulin sensitivity index for NEFA during an OGTT).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seven subjects had no evidence of fatty liver, nine had mild or moderate fatty liver and six had severe fatty liver. The amount of visceral fat was not associated with the degree of fatty liver. Whole-body glucose disposal was inversely associated with fatty liver (38.4, 26.5 and 23.9 mumol kg(-1) min(-1) for the groups with no fatty liver, mild to moderate fatty liver and severe fatty liver, respectively, p=0.004). NEFA suppression during the OGTT was decreased (62.5, 50.8 and 41%, p=0.03, for no, mild to moderate, and severe fatty liver, respectively) and the insulin sensitivity index for NEFA was decreased (0.80, 0.40 and 0.34, p<0.0001). Regression modelling suggested that NEFA concentrations were associated with fatty liver independently of whole-body glucose production and disposal measurements.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In obese men, NEFA concentrations during an OGTT are associated with fatty liver independently of classic measures of insulin sensitivity determined by the hyperinsulinaemic clamp. The contribution to this association by factors regulating NEFA concentrations requires further study.
authors.affiliation: Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Division Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Centre Block, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK.
authors.forename: H B
authors.initials: HB
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Wild
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Wood
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: A A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Darekar
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Dewbury
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: R I G
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Phillips
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Byrne
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon; D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood*; D005234:Fatty Liver / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology; D010101:Oxygen Consumption
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified