title: The accuracy of measuring the kinematics of rising from a chair with accelerometers and gyroscopes.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of measuring angle and angular velocity of the upper body and upper leg during rising from a chair with accelerometers, using low-pass filtering of the accelerometer signal. Also, the improvement in accuracy of the measurement with additional use of high-pass filtered gyroscopes was assessed. Two uni-axial accelerometers and one gyroscope (DynaPort) per segment were used to measure angles and angular velocities of upper body and upper leg. Calculated angles and angular velocities were compared to a high-quality optical motion analysis system (Optotrak), using root mean squared error (RMS) and correlation coefficient (r) as parameters. The results for the sensors showed that two uni-axial accelerometers give a reasonable accurate measurement of the kinematics of rising from a chair (RMS = 2.9, 3.5, and 2.6 degrees for angle and RMS = 9.4, 18.4, and 11.5 degrees /s for angular velocity for thorax, pelvis, and upper leg, respectively). Additional use of gyroscopes improved the accuracy significantly (RMS = 0.8, 1.1, and 1.7 degrees for angle and RMS = 2.6, 4.0 and 4.9 degrees /s for angular velocity for thorax, pelvis and upper leg, respectively). The low-pass Butterworth filter had optimal cut-off frequencies of 1.05, 1.3, and 1.05 for thorax, pelvis, and upper leg, respectively. For the combined signal, the optimal cut-off frequencies were 0.18, 0.2, and 0,38 for thorax, pelvis and upper leg, respectively. The filters showed no subject specificity. This study provides an accurate, inexpensive and simple method to measure the kinematics of movements similar to rising from a chair.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: Miranda C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Boonstra
authors.forename: Rienk M A
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: van der Slikke
authors.forename: Noël L W
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Keijsers
authors.forename: Rob C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: van Lummel
authors.forename: Maarten C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: de Waal Malefijt
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Verdonschot
mesh_terms: D000054:Acceleration; D000328:Adult; D000465:Algorithms; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009068:Movement / Q000502:physiology*; D010808:Physical Examination / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012815:Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; D014159:Transducers