title: ATP signaling is crucial for communication from taste buds to gustatory nerves.
abstract: Taste receptor cells detect chemicals in the oral cavity and transmit this information to taste nerves, but the neurotransmitter(s) have not been identified. We report that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) is the key neurotransmitter in this system. Genetic elimination of ionotropic purinergic receptors (P2X2 and P2X3) eliminates taste responses in the taste nerves, although the nerves remain responsive to touch, temperature, and menthol. Similarly, P2X-knockout mice show greatly reduced behavioral responses to sweeteners, glutamate, and bitter substances. Finally, stimulation of taste buds in vitro evokes release of ATP. Thus, ATP fulfils the criteria for a neurotransmitter linking taste buds to the nervous system.
authors.affiliation: Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, Aurora CO 80045, USA.
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Finger
authors.forename: Vicktoria
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Danilova
authors.forename: Jennell
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Barrows
authors.forename: Dianna L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Bartel
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Vigers
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: Goran
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hellekant
authors.forename: Sue C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kinnamon
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D002814:Chorda Tympani Nerve / Q000378:metabolism*; D005930:Glossopharyngeal Nerve / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D018345:Mice, Knockout; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000378:metabolism; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013650:Taste Buds / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; C546402:P2rx2 protein, mouse; C546409:P2rx3 protein, mouse; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058476:Receptors, Purinergic P2X2; D058477:Receptors, Purinergic P2X3; D044406:Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate