title: Reducing the incidence of hematoma requiring surgical evacuation following male rhytidectomy: a 30-year review of 985 cases.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The reported incidence of hematoma following male rhytidectomy ranges from 7.9 to 12.9 percent. In 1976, it was demonstrated that postoperative hypertension is a key etiologic factor in hematoma formation and postoperative use of Thorazine was recommended to control blood pressure. This study analyzes the incidence of hematoma after male rhytidectomy at one institution after a strict and aggressive perioperative blood pressure control regimen was initiated.
  
  
  METHODS
  From 1982 to 2002, 985 patients with a mean age of 61 years (range, 49 to 72 years) underwent rhytidectomy. Thirty-six patients required surgical evacuation of expanding hematoma after rhytidectomy. Operative procedures were performed by more than 100 different plastic surgery attending surgeons, residents, and fellows.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The overall incidence of hematoma during this study period was 4.24 percent. Age, medical history, medications, type of anesthesia, rhytidectomy technique and combination of procedures, and length of operation were not independent risk factors for determining who was more likely to develop a hematoma. Thirty-three percent of the patients requiring surgical evacuation had systolic blood pressure greater than 150 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mmHg preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. Over a 30-year period, the incidence of hematoma requiring surgical evacuation has decreased from 8.7 percent to 3.97 percent after initiation of a strict perioperative blood pressure control regimen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite the lower incidence of hematoma following male rhytidectomy today as compared with 30 years ago, the incidence in men (3.97 percent) remains higher than that in women (1 to 3 percent).
authors.affiliation: Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Manhattan Eye, Ear & Throat Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Daniel C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Stefani
authors.forename: Ernest S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Chiu
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure; D018859:Hair Follicle; D006406:Hematoma / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015361:Rhytidoplasty / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology