title: [Hereditary hemochromatosis: phenotypic study in a Spanish population].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) displays an important phenotypic variability and is a disease influenced by many factors.
  
  
  METHODS
  We included 88 patients with HH. Main clinical and laboratory data were analyzed, and the influence of 6 variables on intensity of iron overload was evaluated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In 38.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28.5-49.6%) patients, none of the typical symptoms of the disease was observed. 30,9% (95% CI, 21.7-41.7%) showed abnormalities of the glucose metabolism. We detected an increase in sideremia in 75.0% patients (CI 95%, 64.4-83.3%), transferrin saturation index (TSI) in 95.4% (CI 95%, 88.1-98.5%) and ferritin in 93.2% (CI 95%, 85.1-97.1%) of patients. In addition, we observed increased values of GPT and alkaline phosphatase in an appreciable percentage of patients. Ferritin was significantly higher in men (1329.4 [913.2] ng/ml vs 656.6 [644.5] ng/ml; p < 0.001), and in those older than 45 years (1293.9 [1006.9] ng/ml vs 868.9 [642.8] ng/ml; p = 0.023] and in not blood donors (1205.2 [926.8] vs 524.8 [365.9] ng/ml; p < 0.001). TSI was 81.9% (19.6) in C282Y homozygotes and 65.7% (19.2) in the rest of HFE genotypes (p = 0.002). Differences of TSI with regard to sex, age or status of blood donor were not detected. Sideremia was significantly higher in patients infected by virus C (251.8 [24.4] microg/dl vs 182.8 [45.8] microg/dl; p = 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  HH patients have a noticeable phenotypic variability, and for that reason clinical symptoms are only orientative for the diagnosis. The relationship between HH and glucose metabolism should be investigated further. Iron parameters can be influenced by age, sex, HFE genotype, blood donation, alcohol intake and hepatitis C virus infection.
authors.affiliation: Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. correomanologorro@yahoo.es
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vázquez-Romero
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Boixeda-de Miquel
authors.forename: Isabel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Vallcorba-Gómez del Valle
authors.forename: José Ramón
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Foruny-Olcina
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Martín de Argila
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: San Román-Cos-Gayón
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006432:Hemochromatosis / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D013030:Spain