title: Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of ginsenoside Rg(1) in vivo and in vitro.
abstract: The major active constituents of ginseng are ginsenosides, and Rg(1) is a predominant compound of the total extract. Recent studies have demonstrated that Rg(1) can promote angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we used a DNA microarray technology to elucidate the mechanisms of action of Rg(1). We report that Rg(1) induces the proliferation of HUVECs, monitored using [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and Trypan blue exclusion assays. Furthermore, Rg(1) (150-600 nM) also showed an enhanced tube forming inducing effect on the HUVEC. Rg(1) was also demonstrated to promote angiogenesis in an in vivo Matrigel plug assay, and increase endothelial sprouting in the ex vivo rat aorta ring assay. Differential gene expression profile of HUVEC following treatment with Rg(1) revealed the expression of genes related to cell adhesion, migration and cytoskeleton, including RhoA, RhoB, IQGAP1, CALM2, Vav2 and LAMA4. Our results suggest that Rg(1) can promote angiogenesis in multiple models, and this effect is partly due to the modulation of genes that are involved in the cytoskeletal dynamics, cell-cell adhesion and migration.
authors.affiliation: Hung Lai Ching Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Research and Development Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: Patrick Y K
authors.initials: PY
authors.lastname: Yue
authors.forename: Daisy Y L
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Ha
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Fung
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Mak
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yeung
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Kelvin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: T P D
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Fan
authors.forename: Ricky N S
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Wong
mesh_terms: D002448:Cell Adhesion / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003094:Collagen; D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D017931:DNA Primers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007797:Laminin; D008954:Models, Biological; D018919:Neovascularization, Physiologic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011509:Proteoglycans; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D013936:Thymidine / Q000378:metabolism; D014316:Tritium
chemical_list: D003598:Cytoskeletal Proteins; D017931:DNA Primers; D004338:Drug Combinations; D036145:Ginsenosides; D007797:Laminin; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011509:Proteoglycans; D014316:Tritium; C059485:matrigel; D003094:Collagen; C035054:ginsenoside Rg1; D013936:Thymidine