title: Costs and cost effectiveness of a health care provider-directed intervention to promote colorectal cancer screening among Veterans.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Colorectal cancer screening is underused, particularly in the Veterans Affairs (VA) population. In a randomized controlled trial, a health care provider-directed intervention that offered quarterly feedback to physicians on their patients' colorectal cancer screening rates led to a 9% increase in colorectal cancer screening rates among veterans. The objective of this secondary analysis was to assess the cost effectiveness of the colorectal cancer screening promotion intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  Providers in the intervention arm attended an educational workshop on colorectal cancer screening and received confidential feedback on individual and group-specific colorectal cancer screening rates. The primary end point was completion of colorectal cancer screening tests. Sensitivity analyses investigated cost-effectiveness estimates varying the data collection methods, costs of labor and technology, and the effectiveness of the intervention.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Rates of colorectal cancer screening for the intervention versus control arms were 41.3% v 32.4%, respectively (P < .05). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was dollar 978 per additional veteran screened based on feedback reports generated from manual review of records. However, if feedback reports could be generated from information technology systems, sensitivity analyses indicate that the cost-effectiveness estimate would decrease to dollar 196 per additional veteran screened.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  An intervention based on quarterly feedback reports to physicians improved colorectal cancer screening rates at a VA medical center. This intervention would be cost effective if relevant data could be generated by existing information technology systems. Our findings may have broad applicability because a 2005 Medicare initiative will provide the VA electronic medical record system as a free benefit to all US physicians.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Healthcare Studies, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Karen A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Fitzner
authors.forename: Eowyn F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Kathryn R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: McCaffrey
authors.forename: A Simon
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Pickard
authors.forename: June M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: McKoy
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Lindenberg
authors.forename: Glen T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Schumock
authors.forename: Kenneth R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Carson
authors.forename: M Rosario
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Nancy C
authors.initials: NC
authors.lastname: Dolan
authors.forename: Charles L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Bennett
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000191:economics*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D005260:Female; D006282:Health Personnel / Q000191:economics*; D006293:Health Promotion / Q000191:economics*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008331:Management Information Systems / Q000191:economics; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000191:economics*; D016347:Medical Records Systems, Computerized / Q000191:economics; D008875:Middle Aged; D014481:United States; D014728:Veterans