title: Group A streptococcus (GAS) carbohydrate as an immunogen for protection against GAS infection.
abstract: Previous studies have shown that human serum containing anti-group A streptococcus carbohydrate (GAS CHO) antibodies were opsonic for different M protein-carrying serotypes. To investigate the role that anti-GAS CHO antibodies play in passive and active protection, mice were immunized subcutaneously or intranasally with GAS CHO conjugated to tetanus toxoid, and mortality and oral colonization were monitored after challenge with live GAS. Compared with control mice, immunized mice were significantly protected against systemic or nasal challenge with GAS. Furthermore, studies of serum samples and throat cultures from Mexican children revealed an inverse relationship between high serum titers of anti-GAS CHO antibodies and the presence of GAS in the throat. Anti-GAS CHO antibodies were also tested for cross-reactivity with human tissues and cytoskeletal proteins. No cross-reactivity was observed in either assay. The present study demonstrates that GAS CHO is both immunogenic and protective against GAS infections.
authors.affiliation: Research Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA. sabharwalh@hss.edu
authors.forename: Hemant
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sabharwal
authors.forename: Francis
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Michon
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Nelson
authors.forename: Wenling
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dong
authors.forename: Kathleen
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuchs
authors.forename: Roberto Carreno
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Manjarrez
authors.forename: Arun
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sarkar
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Uitz
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Viteri-Jackson
authors.forename: Romeo S Rodriguez
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Suarez
authors.forename: Milan
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Blake
authors.forename: John B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Zabriskie
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood*; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007114:Immunization; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D008800:Mexico; D051379:Mice; D010614:Pharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D013297:Streptococcus pyogenes / Q000145:classification / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000276:immunology; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D002241:Carbohydrates; D011135:Polysaccharides, Bacterial; D022541:Streptococcal Vaccines; D013745:Tetanus Toxoid; D018074:Vaccines, Conjugate