title: Outcome of a multidisciplinary approach to pediatric migraine at 1, 2, and 5 years.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the long-term effectiveness and outcome of multidisciplinary treatment of childhood headaches 1, 2, and 5 years after initial treatment.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Headaches are a common problem for children and adolescents and for many patients continue into adulthood. Outcome research for pediatric migraine headaches is limited, thus restricting knowledge of the effectiveness of long-term management and outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Headache characteristics were assessed at the initial visit and were reevaluated 1, 2, and 5 years later in independent sub-groups of consecutive patients. These characteristics included headache frequency, severity, average duration, school absences, and overall perceived response to treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At 1 year, 96 patients were evaluated (mean age = 11.0 +/- 3.4, 59% females), 69 patients at 2 years (mean age = 10.6 +/- 3.4, 48% females), and 32 at 5 years (mean age = 10.5 +/- 3.9, 66% females). The headaches were reported as better in 94% at 1 year, 85% at 2 years, and 94% at 5 years. The initial frequency was at 13.4 +/- 10.8 headaches per month, 4.9 +/- 7.0 at 1 year (P < .001), 4.7 +/- 7.6 at 2 years (P < .001), and 4.5 +/- 7.5 at 5 years (P < .001). The severity decreased from 6.8 +/- 1.8 to 5.1 +/- 2.3 at 1 year (P < .001), to 5.0 +/- 2.4 at 2 years (P < .001), and to 4.6 +/- 2.5 at 5 years (P < .01). The school days missed per month showed a marked decrease from 4.5 +/- 9.5 at initial visit to 1.55 +/- 2.8 at 5 years (P < .001). Patients that were only seen at their initial visit and did not choose to return for follow-up had less frequent and shorter duration headaches on initial visit when compared with the rest of the sample and continued to be doing well at the 1-, 2-, and 5-year assessments.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Multidisciplinary treatment was found to be effective for children and adolescents with improvement of multiple outcome variants of pediatric migraine care, including frequency, severity, and school days missed. Patients who did not return to follow-up evaluation were more likely to have less frequent and shorter duration headaches at initial presentation. Regular follow-up care is needed for those children with more severe initial headache presentation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH, USA.
authors.forename: Marielle A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Kabbouche
authors.forename: Scott W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Powers
authors.forename: Anna-Liisa B
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Vockell
authors.forename: Susan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: LeCates
authors.forename: Priscilla L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Ellinor
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Segers
authors.forename: Paula
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Manning
authors.forename: Danny
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Burdine
authors.forename: Andrew D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hershey
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D010348:Patient Care Team; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012574:Schools; D016896:Treatment Outcome