title: Closing the loop: follow-up and feedback in a patient safety program.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  As health care organizations establish patient safety agendas, attention has focused on creating less cumbersome systems for reporting errors. However, experience at Brigham and Women's Hospital (Boston) suggests that more emphasis needs to be placed on what happens after a report is submitted. FOLLOW-UP AND FEEDBACK: Follow-up includes prioritizing opportunities and actions, assigning responsibility and accountability, and implementing the action plan. Feedback entails (1) follow-up to those who report issues and (2) communication to the hospital staff and clinicians about events and actions taken. Responsibility and accountability for improvements need to be assigned by senior administration to hospital leaders who can effect the needed changes. Hospital leaders, not just the members of the patient safety team, must own these changes or improvements. Events that require follow-up action are brought to the attention of risk management and the patient safety team through several mechanisms, including voluntary reporting of adverse events through a computerized safety reporting system, root cause analyses, and Patient Safety Leadership WalkRounds.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Developing and maintaining a systematic method for feedback represents more of a challenge than the completion of any single recommended action item. However, it is the feedback to the reporter that perpetuates the influx of information and closes the loop. Developing the information-tracking database has made providing feedback easier and more reliable but significant effort is required to keep the database current.
authors.affiliation: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA. tgandhi@partners.org
authors.forename: Tejal K
authors.initials: TK
authors.lastname: Gandhi
authors.forename: Erin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Graydon-Baker
authors.forename: Camilla Neppl
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Huber
authors.forename: Anthony D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Whittemore
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gustafson
mesh_terms: D001900:Boston; D015984:Causality; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational; D006786:Hospitals, Urban; D006801:Humans; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019982:Organizational Case Studies; D017751:Safety Management / Q000458:organization & administration*