title: Suckling rats actively recycle carbon from alpha-linolenate into newly synthesized lipids even during extreme dietary deficiency of n-3 polyunsaturates.
abstract: Docosahexaenoate is usually considered to be the principal endpoint of alpha-linolenate metabolism in mammals. Nevertheless, several studies over the past 30 y have shown that more carbon from alpha-linolenate is recycled into newly synthesized lipids than is used to make docosahexaenoate. Our objective in this study was to assess carbon recycling from alpha-linolenate in suckling rats made deficient in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Female Long-Evans rats were given a diet deficient in n-3 PUFA at weaning and then bred 8 wk later. Pups from the second generation were nursed by their respective dams and gavaged with 1 mg [U-13C]-alpha-linolenate at 10 d old. Brain and liver were obtained 24 h later, and the fatty acid profiles and 13C enrichment analyzed. Docosahexaenoate was markedly depleted in brain (-82%) and liver (-97%) of the n-3 PUFA-deficient rats. In the controls, 13C enrichment in products of carbon recycling (cholesterol and fatty acids other than n-3 PUFA) exceeded that in docosahexaenoate by 2.4-fold (liver) and 7.5-fold (brain). n-3 PUFA deficiency reduced the ratio of 13C enrichment in products of carbon recycling compared with 13C incorporated into docosahexaenoate by 63% in the brain but not in the liver. Despite severe n-3 PUFA deficiency, carbon recycling still consumed 50% more 13C from alpha-linolenate than went into docosahexaenoate in the liver and 2.8-fold more in the brain. We conclude that carbon recycling is an integral part of neonatal metabolism of alpha-linolenate and is not simply an overflow pathway arising from excess availability of preformed docosahexaenoate.
authors.affiliation: Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke University Geriatric Institute, Québec, Canada. stephen.cunnane@usherbrooke.ca
authors.forename: Stephen C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Cunnane
authors.forename: Mary Ann
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: Yu Hong
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Sun-Young
authors.initials: SY
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Norman
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Salem
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000833:Animals, Suckling; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002244:Carbon / Q000378:metabolism*; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000172:deficiency; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D051381:Rats; D020318:Rats, Long-Evans; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D008055:Lipids; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid; D002244:Carbon