Cytomegalovirus DNAemia and disease: incidence, natural history and management in settings other than allogeneic stem cell transplantation.
OBJECTIVE
Despite increasing intensity and profound immunosuppression associated with newer therapies for hematologic malignancies, little information exists regarding cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation in settings other than allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT).


METHODS
We reviewed the epidemiology of CMV disease in patients who were CMV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive during treatment for hematologic malignancies without allogeneic SCT from June 1999 to June 2004.


RESULTS
Thirty-six patients with CMV reactivation were identified. Of these, 92% were undergoing investigation for fever. Fifteen patients with CMV DNAemia were treated with ganciclovir without CMV disease developing. Notably, 20 patients with untreated CMV DNAemia did not develop CMV disease during a median follow-up of 3.5 (1-19) months. The highest rates of reactivation were observed with HyperCVAD (7.8%) and alemtuzumab (50%).


CONCLUSIONS
We recommend that screening for CMV DNAemia be instituted and pre-emptive therapy contemplated for asymptomatic CMV reactivation only in patients receiving alemtuzumab therapy, but not routinely for other patients outside the allogeneic SCT setting. Indeed for such patients, detection of isolated CMV DNAemia does not imply the need for immediate therapy and future studies are needed to validate PCR detection of CMV DNA and CMV DNA titers as predictors for CMV disease.
Ng
Ashley P
AP
Division of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. dr.ashley.ng@gmail.com
Worth
Leon
L
Chen
Luke
L
Seymour
John F
JF
Prince
H Miles
HM
Slavin
Monica
M
Thursky
Karin
K
D000212:Acyclovir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm / Q000009:adverse effects; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D003587:Cytomegalovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000502:physiology; D003586:Cytomegalovirus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015774:Ganciclovir / Q000627:therapeutic use; D019337:Hematologic Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D036102:Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D000069283:Rituximab; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous; D000077483:Valacyclovir; D014633:Valine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014740:Vidarabine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D014766:Viremia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D014775:Virus Activation
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D061067:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; D058846:Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived; D000912:Antibodies, Neoplasm; D000964:Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; D000998:Antiviral Agents; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004167:Diphtheria Toxin; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C078456:denileukin diftitox; D000074323:Alemtuzumab; D000069283:Rituximab; D014750:Vincristine; D003907:Dexamethasone; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003520:Cyclophosphamide; D014740:Vidarabine; D014633:Valine; D000077483:Valacyclovir; C024352:fludarabine; D015774:Ganciclovir; D000212:Acyclovir