title: Re-evaluating the role of the MFM specialist: lead, follow, or get out of the way.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effect of sub-specialty prenatal care provided to high-risk obstetrical patients in a community perinatal center as a function of whether consultation and referral to a Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) sub-specialist was at the discretion of the generalist, required by the insurance carrier, or by patient choice.
  
  
  METHODS
  Demographics, management, and perinatal outcomes for high-risk patients managed exclusively by MFM were compared with those managed by generalists who were later referred to MFM after problems arose.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Despite similar demographics, high-risk patients managed exclusively by a single MFM had less prematurity, lower cesarean section rates, fewer low 5-minute Apgar scores (1.3% vs. 5.5%, p < 0.001), and lower perinatal mortality rates (8.0/1000 vs. 47.6/1000, p < 0.001) than those referred at a later date.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this setting, earlier MFM care resulted in better outcomes. These data suggest that the 'gatekeeper' model of generalist to MFM might be better the other way around.
authors.affiliation: The Desert Perinatal Center, Palm Springs, CA 19475, USA. RobertDEdenMD@aol.com
authors.forename: Robert D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Eden
authors.forename: Ann
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Penka
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Britt
authors.forename: Ellen J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Landsberger
authors.forename: Mark I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Evans
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001034:Apgar Score; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000453:epidemiology; D005865:Gestational Age; D006279:Health Maintenance Organizations; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D009774:Obstetrics; D010500:Perinatology; D010819:Physician's Role; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018566:Pregnancy, High-Risk; D047928:Premature Birth / Q000453:epidemiology; D011295:Prenatal Care; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D013997:Time Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology