title: Risk of retinopathy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus before 2 years of age.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) diagnosed at a very early age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational case series.
  
  
  METHODS
  The records of 51 patients were identified through the diabetes database of the Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism at Washington University School of Medicine. The patients were diagnosed with T1DM before 2 years of age and were monitored for at least 5 years after diagnosis. The results of ophthalmic screening examinations were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fifty-one patients were identified, 33 of whom were monitored for >8 years. None of the patients developed DR.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children have a negligible risk of developing DR during the first 10 years of life, even if they are diagnosed before age 2. These results indicate that screening for DR is not necessary before age 10.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, St Louis Children's Hospital at Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA. Lueder@vision.wustl.edu
authors.forename: Gregg T
authors.initials: GT
authors.lastname: Lueder
authors.forename: Shilpi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pradhan
authors.forename: Neil H
authors.initials: NH
authors.lastname: White
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008923:Missouri / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors