title: Hyperbaric bupivacaine affects the doses of midazolam required for sedation after spinal anaesthesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Patients having spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine may become sensitive to sedative drugs but no data exists about any dose-related effect of the local anaesthetic on the sedative requirement. We aimed to investigate whether hyperbaric bupivacaine dose in spinal anaesthesia has any effect on midazolam requirements.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty unpremedicated patients were allocated to three equal groups. Patients in Groups I and II received hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% 10 and 17.5 mg respectively for spinal anaesthesia and Group III was a control group without spinal anaesthesia. In Groups I and II, after the evaluation of sensory block, patients received intravenous midazolam 1 mg per 30 s until the Ramsay sedation score reached 3 (drowsy but responsive to command). In Group III, general anaesthesia was induced after sedation score had reached 3 using midazolam. The total dose of midazolam (mg kg(-1)) given to each patient, the level of sensory block and complications were recorded.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The level of sensory block was higher in Group II (T7) than Group I (T9) (P < 0.01). The doses of midazolam were 0.063 mg kg(-1) in Group I, 0.065 mg kg(-1) in Group II and 0.101 mg kg(-1) in Group III (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between level of sensory block and dose of midazolam in Group I (r = -0.293, P = 0.21) and Group II (r = 0.204, P = 0.39).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anaesthesia do not affect the midazolam requirements for sedation. However, spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine with a maximum spread in the middle thoracic dermatomes may be associated with sedative effects and thus a reduced need for further sedation with midazolam.
authors.affiliation: Medical School of Inonu University, Department of Anaesthesiology, Malatya, Turkey. hilksen@inonu.edu.tr
authors.forename: H I
authors.initials: HI
authors.lastname: Toprak
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Ozpolat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ozturk
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Ulger
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Sagir
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Ersoy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D008874:Midazolam; D002045:Bupivacaine