title: Activators of viral gene expression in polarized epithelial monolayers identified by rapid-throughput drug screening.
abstract: Epithelial polarity and tight junction formation limit the ability of adenovirus, retrovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver and express virally encoded genes. Using an extended half-life luciferase assay and high-throughput luminometry, we screened 23 000 compounds and natural product extracts as potentiators to overcome this barrier. Seven strong activators were discovered (up to several hundred fold above control) and two of these exhibited spectrum of activity in multiple cell types (HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial (human bronchial), HT29 (human colonic carcinoma), Calu3 (airway serous glandular)). Enhanced transduction by unrelated gene transfer vectors (adenovirus, lentivirus, AAV, liposomal) was also observed. These results establish a strategy for identifying compounds that improve viral gene transfer to resistant cell types, and provide new tools for examining epithelial defense against viral infection. The compounds should have broad usefulness in experimental therapies for cancer and genetic diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Sorscher
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Alexander
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rottgers
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hardy
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ponnazhagan
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Collawn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McClintock
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Amsler
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Webster
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Maddry
authors.forename: B J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Hong
mesh_terms: D000256:Adenoviridae / Q000235:genetics; D002460:Cell Line; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D000229:Dependovirus / Q000235:genetics; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods*; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000187:drug effects; D005814:Genes, Viral; D005818:Genetic Engineering; D015316:Genetic Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D016086:Lentivirus / Q000235:genetics; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics; D010957:Plasmids; D014780:Viruses / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D008156:Luciferases