title: Noninvasive prenatal RHD genotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction using plasma from D-negative pregnant women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Prenatal noninvasive determination of fetal Rh status is an important aid to the management of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. We performed real-time polymerase chain reaction on fetal DNA derived from maternal plasma to determine fetal Rh status.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cell-free plasma DNA from 98 D-negative pregnant women was tested for the presence of exons 4, 5, and 10 of RHD. The presence of fetal DNA was confirmed by detection of SRY or biallelic insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the maternal plasma and buffy coat.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-two D-positive infants and 26 D-negative infants were determined by serologic studies. All 3 RHD exon sequences were detected in 68 of 72 mothers of D-positive infants. The presence of fetal DNA in mothers of D-negative infants was confirmed in all 10 boys and in 14 of 16 girls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Fetal RHD genotyping in this study correctly predicted fetal Rh status in 92 of 98 (94%) cases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. lan.zhou@case.edu
authors.forename: Lan
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhou
authors.forename: John A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thorson
authors.forename: Clark
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nugent
authors.forename: Robertson D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Davenport
authors.forename: Suzanne H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Butch
authors.forename: W John
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Judd
mesh_terms: D000465:Algorithms; D002474:Cell-Free System; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000097:blood*; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C026410:Rho(D) antigen; C497745:SRY protein, human; D051876:Sex-Determining Region Y Protein