title: Mid-term results of radial and mammary arteries as the conduits of choice for complete arterial revascularization in elective and nonelective coronary bypass surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study is to evaluate the mid-results of the use of the radial artery alongside the internal mammary artery for complete arterial revascularization in elective and nonelective coronary bypass graft surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients undergoing coronary artery surgery alone over a 3-year period with disease of more than one coronary artery were considered for complete arterial revascularization. Preoperatively, all patients had an Allen's test on the dominant arm and a cutoff point of 10 seconds was used. These patients were initially followed in the outpatient clinic after 6 weeks and then further followed up with the help of a mailed questionnaire. The incidence of recurrent angina and reangiogram was obtained and selected patients were further interviewed and examined in the outpatient department.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Over a 3-year period, 291 patients underwent total arterial revascularization using the radial and internal mammary arteries alone in Y-graft configuration. The mean age of the study population was 62.4 +/- 8.8 years, with a male to female ratio of 221 to 70. Elective surgery was performed in 230 patients (79.4%), with nonelective procedures comprising a total of 61 patients (20.6%). The mean number of distal anastomoses was 2.9 +/- 0.9. There were four perioperative mortalities (1.37%) and 43 patients (14.7%) developed low cardiac output syndrome, requiring inotropes with or without intra-aortic balloon pump. Forty patients (13.7%) developed postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias. There was no incidence of hand ischemia or wound complications. After a mean follow-up period of 35.4 +/- 6.3 months of 220 patients (75%), there was one further death and 24 patients required readmissions for cardiac-related causes. Ten patients had reangiogram for angina of which one patient had a blocked radial artery graft and two patients underwent angioplasty to their native coronary arteries. The patients' angina score was currently 0.5 +/- 1.0 versus 2.6 +/- 1.4 preoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Total arterial revascularization with the internal mammary and radial artery is associated with a low rate of perioperative complications and mortality and can be safely used in both elective and nonelective bypass graft surgery with excellent clinical results.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
authors.forename: T M F
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Chowdhry
authors.forename: Mahmoud
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Loubani
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Galiñanes
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000601:surgery; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D017558:Elective Surgical Procedures; D004638:Emergency Treatment; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D017534:Radial Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome