title: IL-15 is elevated in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis.
abstract: Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a novel proinflammatory cytokine having similar biological activities to IL-2 which is implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. It is produced by activated blood monocytes, macrophages and glial cells. There is little information about the involvement of IL-15 in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of our study was to measure IL-15 serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels in MS patients and to correlate serum and CSF IL-15 concentrations with clinical parameters of the disease. CSF IL-15/Serum IL-15 ratio (c/s IL-15 ratio) was introduced to assess the origin of elevated IL-15 levels.
  
  
  METHODS
  We measured serum and CSF IL-15 levels in 52 patients with MS and 36 age and gender matched patients with inflammatory (IND) and non-inflammatory neurological diseases (NIND) studied as control groups. IL-15 levels were correlated with clinical parameters as duration, disability, MRI activity and clinical subtypes of the disease.
  
  
  RESULTS
  MS patients were found to have significantly higher serum IL-15 levels compared with IND (p=0.00016) and NIND patients (p=0.00045). Elevated levels of IL-15 were also found in CSF samples from MS patients compared with patients with IND (p=0.00034) and NIND (p=0.0003). Among MS subgroups there were no statistically different IL-15 serum and CSF concentrations. No significant correlation of serum and CSF IL-15 concentrations with MRI activity, disability assessed by EDSS score and duration of the disease were also found. C/S IL-15 ratio was found lower in MS patients compared with IND (p=0.01) and not significantly different compared with NIND patients (p=0.14) suggesting that systemic activation might be the source of high CSF IL-15 levels in MS patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest a possible role of IL-15 in the immunopathogenetic mechanisms of MS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, Aeginition Hospital-Athens Medical School, 72-74 Vas.So phias Av, Greece. mrentzos@med.uoa.gr
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rentzos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cambouri
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rombos
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Nikolaou
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anagnostouli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Tsoutsou
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Dimitrakopoulos
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Triantafyllou
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vassilopoulos
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015848:Interleukin-5 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009103:Multiple Sclerosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric
chemical_list: D015848:Interleukin-5