title: Influence of surface finish and residual stresses on the ageing sensitivity of biomedical grade zirconia.
abstract: We demonstrate in this paper the influence of surface finish on the ageing kinetics of biomedical grade zirconia. The critical influence of polishing has been systematically investigated by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The stress state around polishing scratches gives rise to preferential transformation in the zone of the induced scratches and consequently to accelerated ageing. The influence of residual stresses is analyzed semi-quantitatively by preparing samples with various surface finish, thus with various stress states. Rough polishing produces a compressive surface stress layer beneficial for the ageing resistance, while smooth polishing produces preferential transformation nucleation around scratches. When a thermal treatment of 2h at 1200 degrees C is applied to relax the residual stresses, all the surfaces states exhibit the same sensitivity to ageing. These results demonstrate that roughness alone cannot be used for ensuring a long-term stability. The variation of ageing sensitivity is indeed related indirectly to the surface roughness via the induced surface stress state. The current ISO standards are not able to take these effects into account. Indeed, great variations in ageing kinetics were observed for samples with different surface states, although all well below the ISO requirements.
authors.affiliation: Associate Research Unit 5510, Materials Science Department, National Institute of Applied Science (GEMPPM-INSA), Bât B. Pascal, Villeurbanne, France.
authors.forename: Sylvain
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deville
authors.forename: Jérôme
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chevalier
authors.forename: Laurent
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gremillard
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000737:chemistry*; D003776:Dental Porcelain / Q000737:chemistry*; D008422:Materials Testing; D018625:Microscopy, Atomic Force; D013499:Surface Properties; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction; D015019:Yttrium / Q000737:chemistry*; D015040:Zirconium
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; C499362:yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia; D003776:Dental Porcelain; D015019:Yttrium; D015040:Zirconium