Pain and use of complementary and alternative medicine in a national sample of persons living with HIV.
The current study investigated the relationship of pain to use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in a U.S. nationally representative sample of 2466 persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), using data from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. Pain was conceptualized as a need characteristic within the context of predisposing, enabling, and need (PEN) characteristics following Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use. Multivariate analyses were used to examine the association of baseline PEN characteristics with CAM use by follow-up (approximately 6 months later), including use of five specific CAM domains. Change in pain from baseline to follow-up was also examined in relation to CAM use. Baseline pain was a strong predictor of CAM use, and increased pain over time was associated with use of unlicensed or underground drugs with potential for harm. These results highlight the importance of medical efforts to control pain in persons living with HIV.
Tsao
Jennie C I
JC
Pediatric Pain Program, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA.
Dobalian
Aram
A
Myers
Cynthia D
CD
Zeltzer
Lonnie K
LK
D000529:Complementary Therapies / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000821:virology*; D059408:Pain Management; D010147:Pain Measurement; D014481:United States