title: Polyphasic characterization reveals that the human pathogen Mycobacterium peregrinum type II belongs to the bovine pathogen species Mycobacterium senegalense.
abstract: Mycobacterium peregrinum consists of two taxa: types I and II. We evaluated 43 clinical type II strains from throughout the United States. They were responsible for soft-tissue and bone infections, catheter-related infections, and possible pneumonitis. By carbohydrate utilization, they were indistinguishable from type I strains, being D-mannitol and trehalose positive. However, they had a distinct susceptibility pattern that included intermediate ciprofloxacin MICs but low clarithromycin and doxycycline MICs of < or =1 microg/ml. These features were also shared by reference isolates of Mycobacterium senegalense from African bovine cases of "farcy." By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the type II isolates shared 100% sequence identity with M. senegalense. Partial sequencing of the type II hsp65 gene (441 bp) revealed four sequevars showing > or =98.4% identity with each other and > or =98.6% identity with the sequence of five bovine strains of M. senegalense. There was < or =97.1% identity with M. peregrinum type I isolates and other Mycobacterium fortuitum group species. Sequencing of additional gene targets including the 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and the rpoB gene (partial sequence) revealed a similar phylogenetic grouping. DNA-DNA hybridization showed 76 to 99% relatedness between the bovine and human strains. These studies demonstrate that type II isolates are not isolates of M. peregrinum but represent human strains of M. senegalense. This study is the first to demonstrate this species as a human pathogen. Representative human M. senegalense strains include ATCC 35755 and newly submitted strains ATCC BAA-849, ATCC BAA-850, and ATCC BAA-851.
authors.affiliation: The University of Texas Health Center, Department of Microbiology, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA. richard.wallace@uthct.edu
authors.forename: Richard J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: Barbara A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Brown-Elliott
authors.forename: June
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: Arnold G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Steigerwalt
authors.forename: Leslie
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: Gail
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Woods
authors.forename: Joann
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cloud
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mann
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: Christopher
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Crist
authors.forename: Kenneth C
authors.initials: KC
authors.lastname: Jost
authors.forename: Dorothy E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Byrer
authors.forename: Jane
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Jason
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Stamenova
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Campbell
authors.forename: Joyce
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wolfe
authors.forename: Christine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Turenne
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015373:Bacterial Typing Techniques; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000382:microbiology*; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000032:analysis; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer / Q000032:analysis; D020459:Genes, rRNA; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009165:Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / Q000382:microbiology*; D009170:Nontuberculous Mycobacteria / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010641:Phenotype; D010802:Phylogeny; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S / Q000235:genetics; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S / Q000235:genetics; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
chemical_list: D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D021903:DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; D012336:RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; D012338:RNA, Ribosomal, 23S