title: Anger attacks in major depressive disorder and serum levels of homocysteine.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Increased levels of homocysteine have been associated with anger and depression separately. We investigated the association of anger attacks in major depressive disorder (MDD) with serum levels of homocysteine.
  
  
  METHODS
  Homocysteine serum levels were measured in 192 outpatients with nonpsychotic MDD, mean age 39.9 +/- 10.7 (range 19-65), 53% women, at baseline of an open-trial antidepressant treatment. We used the Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks Questionnaire to evaluate anger attacks, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis I Disorders-Patient Edition (SCID-I/P) to diagnose MDD and the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression to measure depression severity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the multiple regression analysis split by anger attacks adjusted for parameters of depression, creatinine, vitamin B(12), folate, age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, serum levels of homocysteine were positively correlated with length of current major depressive episode (t value, 3.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], .09 to .43; p = .004) and HAM-D-17 scores (t value, 2.48; 95% CI, .07 to 0.64; p = .016) in patients with anger attacks but not in those without anger attacks.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Anger attacks in MDD may moderate the relationship of homocysteine serum levels with the severity and length of the depressive episode. Future studies are warranted to confirm and clarify the nature of this moderating effect.
authors.affiliation: Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. rfraguas@partners.org
authors.forename: Renerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fraguas
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Papakostas
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mischoulon
authors.forename: Teodoro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bottiglieri
authors.forename: Jonathan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alpert
authors.forename: Maurizio
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fava
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D000786:Anger; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood* / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D005492:Folic Acid / Q000097:blood; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012907:Smoking; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D013997:Time Factors; D014805:Vitamin B 12 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D006710:Homocysteine; D005492:Folic Acid; D003404:Creatinine; D014805:Vitamin B 12