title: Periodontal disease and bacterial vaginosis increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether periodontal disease or bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed before pregnancy increase the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We enrolled a total of 252 women who had discontinued contraception in order to become pregnant. The first 130 pregnant women were included in the analyses.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Multivariate analysis showed a strong association between periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 5.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4-21.2; p = 0.014), and a borderline association between BV and adverse pregnancy outcome (OR 3.2, 95% confidence interval 0.9-10.7; p = 0.061).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our study suggests that pre-pregnancy counseling should include both oral and vaginal examinations to rule out periodontal disease and BV. This may ultimately have an impact on antenatal healthcare, and decrease the risk for adverse pregnancy outcome.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: Juha
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Oittinen
authors.forename: Tapio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kurki
authors.forename: Minnamaija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kekki
authors.forename: Minna
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kuusisto
authors.forename: Pirkko
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pussinen
authors.forename: Tiina
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Vilkuna-Rautiainen
authors.forename: Anja
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nieminen
authors.forename: Sirkka
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Asikainen
authors.forename: Jorma
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Paavonen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010510:Periodontal Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D018570:Risk Assessment; D016585:Vaginosis, Bacterial / Q000150:complications*