title: Evaluation of cancer-preventive activity and structure-activity relationships of 3-demethylubiquinone Q2, isolated from the ascidian Aplidium glabrum, and its synthetic analogs.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  3-Demethylubiquinone Q2 was isolated from the ascidian Aplidium glabrum. The cancer-preventive properties and the structure-activity relationship for 3-demethylubiquinone Q2 and 12 of its synthetic analogs are reported.
  
  
  METHODS
  Compounds, having one or several di- or triprenyl substitutions and quinone moieties with methoxyls in different positions, were synthesized. The cancer-preventive properties of compounds and were tested in JB6 Cl41 mouse skin cells, using a variety of assessments, including the methanethiosulfonate (MTS) assay, flow cytometry, and soft agar assay. Statistical nonparametric methods were used to confirm statistical significance.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All quinones tested were shown to inhibit JB6 Cl41 cell transformation, to induce apoptosis, AP-1, and NF-kappaB activity, and to inhibit p53 activity. The most promising effects were indicated for compounds containing two isoprene units in a side chain and a methoxyl group at the para-position to a polyprenyl substitution.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quinones and demonstrated cancer-preventive activity in JB6 Cl41 cells, which may be attributed to the induction of p53-independent apoptosis. These activities depended on the length of side chains and on the positions of the methoxyl groups in the quinone part of the molecule.
authors.affiliation: Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, Minnesota 55912, USA.
authors.forename: Sergey N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Fedorov
authors.forename: Oleg S
authors.initials: OS
authors.lastname: Radchenko
authors.forename: Larisa K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Shubina
authors.forename: Nadezhda N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Balaneva
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bode
authors.forename: Valentin A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Stonik
authors.forename: Zigang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Dong
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects; D002470:Cell Survival; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D016158:Genes, p53 / Q000235:genetics; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D016328:NF-kappa B / Q000235:genetics; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1 / Q000235:genetics; D014451:Ubiquinone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology; D014561:Urochordata / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: C509658:3-demethylubiquinone Q2; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D016328:NF-kappa B; D018808:Transcription Factor AP-1; D014451:Ubiquinone; D004247:DNA