title: Communication in collaborative discovery learning.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Constructivist approaches to learning focus on learning environments in which students have the opportunity to construct knowledge themselves, and negotiate this knowledge with others. Discovery learning and collaborative learning are examples of learning contexts that cater for knowledge construction processes. We introduce a computer-based learning environment in which the two forms of learning are implemented simultaneously. We focus on the interaction between discovery learning and collaborative learning.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  We aim to investigate which communicative activities are frequently used in the discovery learning process and which communicative and discovery activities co-occur.
  
  
  METHODS
  The study involved 21 pairs of 10th-grade students enrolled in pre-university education, ranging from 15 to 17 years of age.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants worked in dyads on separate screens in a shared discovery learning environment. They communicated using a chat box. In order to find a possible relationship between communicative activities and discovery learning processes, correlational analysis and principal component analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Significant relationships were found between communicative and discovery activities, as well as five factors combining the communicative process and the discovery learning processes. Communicative activities are performed most frequently during the activities in generating hypotheses, experimental design, and conclusion construction. Argumentation occurs less than expected, and is associated with the construction of conclusions, rather than generating hypotheses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Communicative activities co-occur with discovery activities most of the time, as we expected. Further research should concentrate on means to augment communicative and discovery activities that are related to positive learning outcomes.
authors.affiliation: Graduate School of Teaching and Learning, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands. N.Saab@uva.nl
authors.forename: Nadira
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Saab
authors.forename: Wouter R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: van Joolingen
authors.forename: Bernadette H A M
authors.initials: BH
authors.lastname: van Hout-Wolters
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003142:Communication; D003299:Cooperative Behavior; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D008297:Male; D012931:Social Environment