title: Bosentan, the mixed ETA-ETB endothelin receptor antagonist, attenuated oxidative stress after experimental myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.
abstract: Endothelin-1 has been shown to be associated with greater myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in which oxidative stress plays a key role. The efficacy of bosentan, a mixed ETA-ETB endothelin receptor antagonist, in protecting the myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress was studied in open-chest Wistar rats. Anesthetized adult male rats (175-250 g b wt) underwent sham operation (SHAM group) or were subjected to 40 min of myocardial ischemia (MI) induced by temporary occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) followed by 2 h reperfusion (R). Rats submitted to the MI-R protocol were administered bosentan at a dose of 3 mg/kg i.v. 20 min (BOS group) or saline (CON group) 20 min post-occlusion of LAD. After the 2 h reperfusion period the animals were euthanized and the heart rapidly excised. Cardiac tissue samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen for biochemical assay and were fixed in 10% formalin solution for histologic evaluation. Myocardial I-R resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the myocardial malondialdehyde levels and a decrease (p < 0.01) in the myocardial reduced glutathione content. These changes were associated with significant decreases in the myocardial activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05) and catalase (p < 0.01) and severe tissue damage in the jeopardized myocardium in the CON group as compared with the non-myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (NMI-R) SHAM group. Bosentan exerted marked tissue protective effect as assessed by histologic evaluation of the myocardium. The drug significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated myocardial oxidative stress and restored the cellular antioxidant defense mechanisms as compared with the saline-treated controls subjected to the MI-R protocol. Furthermore, bosentan also exerted a marked effect on peripheral hemodynamics and heart rate during the reperfusion phase (data reported elsewhere). These results are consistent with the concept that endothelin-1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia and infarction. This study demonstrates the antioxidant effect of non-selective endothelin receptor antagonism elucidating that, part of the aetiology of ischemia and reperfusion induced myocardial injury involves impaired antioxidant defenses.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. skgup@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Suresh K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Gupta
authors.forename: Amit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxena
authors.forename: Uma
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Singh
authors.forename: Dharamvir S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Arya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000077300:Bosentan; D002316:Cardiotonic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002374:Catalase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D005978:Glutathione / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000378:metabolism*; D015428:Myocardial Reperfusion Injury / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D009206:Myocardium / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002316:Cardiotonic Agents; D065128:Endothelin Receptor Antagonists; D013449:Sulfonamides; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D002374:Catalase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D005978:Glutathione; D000077300:Bosentan