title: Elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 serum levels in patients at risk for coronary artery disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial vessel wall as one of the major events leading to atherosclerotic vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease (CAD).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study group comprised 263 volunteers aged between 18 and 85 years who were admitted to hospital or clinic for scheduled invasive and non-invasive diagnostic procedures. MCP-1 serum levels were determined using a sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In each patient, the coronary risk factors (CRF), such as hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, obesity, positive family history, and smoking were evaluated. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and hemoglobinA1C levels were determined. Patients with CAD proven by angiography had significantly increased MCP-1 levels. In patients without CAD, the increase in MCP-1 depended on the number of CRF. As a marker for endothelial activation the soluble adhesion molecules, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule and soluble E-selectin were measured and both markers were significantly elevated in patients with CAD or multiple CRF when compared with patients without CRF. Although this is not a direct proof, endothelial activation could contribute to elevated MCP-1 levels in atherosclerosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated MCP-1 serum levels could serve as a direct marker of the inflammatory activity in patients at risk for coronary artery and other atherosclerotic vascular diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Heart Surgery, Philipps-University Marburg Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
authors.forename: Ivo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Martinovic
authors.forename: Nico
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abegunewardene
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Seul
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Vosseler
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Horstick
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Buerke
authors.forename: Harald
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Darius
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lindemann
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018932:Chemokine CCL2