title: Investigation of the toxin profile of Greek mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
abstract: Samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis were harvested from five different locations in Thermaikos gulf, Greece after harmful algae bloom. All of the mussel samples were found positive by mouse bioassay for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) was used to search for the following lipophilic toxins: okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxins (DTXs), pectenotoxins (PTXs), azaspiracids (AZAs) and yessotoxins (YTXs). In order to investigate the presence of okadaic acid esters, alkaline hydrolysis was performed for all the samples, and LC-MS analyses were carried out on the samples before and after hydrolysis. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS) analyses were also carried out to investigate the presence of domoic acid and paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins at trace levels. All of the samples were found to be contaminated only with okadaic acid at levels 0.10-0.20 microg/g.
authors.affiliation: Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
authors.forename: Patrizia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Ciminiello
authors.forename: Carmela
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Dell'Aversano
authors.forename: Ernesto
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Fattorusso
authors.forename: Martino
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Forino
authors.forename: Silvana
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Magno
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Santelia
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tsoukatou
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid; D006115:Greece; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D049878:Mytilus / Q000737:chemistry*; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000032:analysis / Q000737:chemistry
chemical_list: D008387:Marine Toxins; D019319:Okadaic Acid