title: Bladder carcinoma: understanding advanced and metastatic disease with potential molecular therapeutic targets.
abstract: This article is an expert review of bladder cancer genetics focusing on genetic changes and their significance in the pathogenesis and progression of bladder transitional cell carcinoma, in particular, muscle-invasive disease. Alongside the relevant genetic markers and their products, new therapeutic targets and agents that are being developed are presented.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Urology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK. hashim_uddin_ahmed@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Hashim Uddin
authors.initials: HU
authors.lastname: Ahmed
authors.forename: Manit
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: Hitendra R H
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Patel
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000235:genetics; D018450:Disease Progression; D005819:Genetic Markers; D006801:Humans; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009389:Neovascularization, Pathologic; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers