title: Contrast-enhanced dynamic magnetic resonance imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinoma and their correlation with histopathologic findings.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the correlations of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of large (> 5 cm) hepatocellular carcinomas with tumor size and histopathologic findings.
  
  
  METHODS
  MR imaging was performed in 30 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. The imaging protocol included non-contrast, hepatic arterial, portal venous and late phases. The signal intensities relative to the liver, enhancement patterns and the morphologic features of the lesions were evaluated in relation to size and degree of differentiation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On histopathologic examination, 12 of 30 (40%) tumors were well-differentiated (grade 1), 6 of 30 (20%) were moderately differentiated (grades 2 and 3) and 12 of 30 (40%) were poorly differentiated (grade 4). Tumor size, tumor boundry, serum alpha-fetoprotein level and portal vein invasion were found to have statistically significant correlations with the degree of differentiation (p < 0.05). Portal vein invasion, capsule formation and tumor surface characteristics showed statistically significant correlations with tumor size (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR imaging findings of hepatocellular carcinomas larger than 5 cm are partially dependent on tumor size and degree of differentiation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, PK: 18 Talas 38280, Kayseri, Turkey. oikarahan@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Okkes I
authors.initials: OI
authors.lastname: Karahan
authors.forename: Ali
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yikilmaz
authors.forename: Tarik
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Artis
authors.forename: Ozlem
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Canoz
authors.forename: Abdulhakim
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Coskun
authors.forename: Edip
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Torun
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media; D005260:Female; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D019786:Gadolinium DTPA