title: High-dose conformal radiotherapy for supratentorial malignant glioma: a historical comparison.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although radiotherapy remains the main postoperative treatment for patients with malignant glioma, modifications to regimens have not improved the poor outlook of patients with this disease. We aimed to investigate whether high-dose conformal radiotherapy improves the survival of patients with supratentorial malignant glioma compared with conventional radiotherapy.
  
  
  METHODS
  29 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 61 patients with glioblastoma who received high-dose conformal radiotherapy during 1990-2002 were compared with 34 patients with anaplastic astrocytoma and 60 patients with glioblastoma who received conventional 60 Gy radiotherapy during 1979-89. 77 of the 90 patients receiving high-dose radiotherapy were given 80 Gy; the remaining 13 patients, all with glioblastoma, received 90 Gy. Radiotherapy was planned on the basis of images taken before surgery, and doses were delivered in 2 Gy per fraction per day for 5 days a week. Hazard ratios for death were calculated with a Cox model, and were adjusted for age, Karnofsky performance scale, tumour size, and extent of resection.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who received high-dose radiotherapy had significantly longer overall survival compared with those who received conventional radiotherapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0.30 [95% CI 0.12-0.76], p=0.011 for anaplastic astrocytoma and 0.49 [0.28-0.87], p=0.014 for glioblastoma). Patients with anaplastic astrocytoma in the high-dose group have not yet reached median survival; median survival in the conventional radiotherapy group was 22.3 months (95% CI 20.6-24.0). 5-year survival was 51.3% (29.2-73.4) for the high-dose group and 14.7% (0.0-30.0) for the conventional group. Median survival in patients with glioblastoma was 16.2 months (12.8-19.6) for the high-dose group and 12.4 months (10.0-14.8) for the conventional group. 2-year survival was 38.4% (23.5-53.3) for the high-dose group and 11.4% (0.0-25.3) for the conventional group. Survival did not differ between those that received 80 Gy radiotherapy and those that received 90 Gy (hazard ratio 0.94 [95% CI 0.42-2.12]). The higher frequency of radiation-induced white matter abnormality in the high-dose group compared with the conventional radiotherapy group did not lead to increased disability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-dose, standard-fractionated radiotherapy shows potential as the main postoperative treatment for patients with supratentorial malignant glioma.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Minoru
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tanaka
authors.forename: Yasushi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ino
authors.forename: Keiichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakagawa
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Tago
authors.forename: Tomoki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Todo
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001254:Astrocytoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D005260:Female; D005910:Glioma / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020266:Radiotherapy, Conformal; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome