title: Parental preferences for error disclosure, reporting, and legal action after medical error in the care of their children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  No data exist on parental preferences for disclosure, reporting, and seeking legal action after errors in the care of their children are disclosed. This study examined parental preferences for error disclosure and reporting; responses to error disclosure; and preferences and responses by race/ethnicity, gender, age, and insurance.
  
  
  METHODS
  A 4-scenario survey instrument portraying a range of medical error was provided to a convenience sample of parents who presented with children to an emergency department. Parents were asked to categorize the error, express preferences for disclosure and reporting, and then report how they expected to respond with and without disclosure. Basic demographics were collected also. Bivariate analyses of demographics were performed with Fisher's exact tests, analysis of scenario responses was performed with Somers' D, and the independent effects of the study variables were assessed with a generalized estimating equation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Research assistants approached 661 parents; 499 participated (75% response rate). Of all scenarios presented to the parents, they judged 54% of the scenarios as severe, 99% wanted disclosure, 39% wanted the error reported to a disciplinary body, and 36% were less likely to seek legal action if the error was disclosed by the physician. In multivariate modeling, severity was associated with desire for disclosure, reporting, and change in likelihood of legal action with disclosure.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Regardless of severity, parents want to be informed of error. Educational interventions to improve error disclosure should emphasize the uniformity of parental preferences for disclosure, reporting, and the decreased likelihood of legal action when errors are disclosed than if discovered through other means.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA. hobgood@med.unc.edu
authors.forename: Cherri
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hobgood
authors.forename: Joshua H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Tamayo-Sarver
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Elms
authors.forename: Bryan
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Weiner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001290:Attitude; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D016365:Liability, Legal; D008297:Male; D019300:Medical Errors / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010290:Parents / Q000523:psychology*; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D010372:Pediatrics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014342:Truth Disclosure