Prior H1N1 influenza infection and susceptibility of Cleveland Family Study participants during the H2N2 pandemic of 1957: an experiment of nature.
During a pandemic, influenza vaccines that rely on neutralizing antibodies to protect against matched viruses might not be available early enough. Much broader (heterosubtypic) immune protection is seen in animals. Do humans also have cross-subtype immunity? To investigate this issue, archival records from the Cleveland Family Study, which was conducted before and during the 1957 pandemic (during which a shift from subtype H1N1 to H2N2 occurred), were analyzed. Only 5.6% of the adults who had had symptomatic influenza A in earlier study years developed influenza during the pandemic, despite living in households with participants who had influenza. In contrast, 55.2% of the children who had had symptomatic influenza A contracted it again. These findings suggest an impact of accumulated heterosubtypic immunity during a pandemic. Such immunity, as well as its implications for vaccination, should be further investigated.
Epstein
Suzanne L
SL
Laboratory of Immunology and Developmental Biology, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20852, USA. epsteins@cber.fda.gov
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003429:Cross Reactions; D004196:Disease Outbreaks; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D053118:Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology*; D053121:Influenza A Virus, H2N2 Subtype / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000821:virology; D008499:Medical Records; D008875:Middle Aged; D009820:Ohio / Q000453:epidemiology; D011159:Population Surveillance