title: [Transfer of trapezius muscle for reconstruction of abduction of the shoulder].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  After brachial plexus injuries, shoulder function is frequently impaired or lost. For reconstruction of the most important functions muscle transfers are indicated. To restore abduction and external rotation of the shoulder the trapezius muscle transfer is mainly used.
  
  
  METHODS
  We demonstrate 16 patients with insufficient abduction of the shoulder joint. All patients were treated with the transfer of trapezius muscle (pars horizontalis). We used a modification of the technique of Saha. After the operation, the arm was immobilized in 80 degrees abduction for 6 weeks followed by 10 degrees adduction of the shoulder per week. Afterwards physiotherapy was started. Evaluation was done by the DASH score and Gilbert score.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In all cases, an improvement of shoulder mobility was seen, assessed clinically and individually by the patient. The average DASH score was 37.4. For ten patients the results of the operation were very good, good, or satisfactory. Active abduction increased from 15 degrees (0-30 degrees) to 54 degrees (35-80 degrees) postoperatively. The external rotation was 9 degrees (-20-40 degrees) preoperatively and 19 degrees (0-70 degrees ) postoperatively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Trapezius muscle transfer for reconstruction of abduction is an easy and practicable method without serious complications. We achieved good stability and functionality of the shoulder. Intensive pre- and postoperative physiotherapy may provide greater improvement of mobility.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Plastische-, Wiederherstellungs- und Handchirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität, Magdeburg. silke.altmann@medizin.uni-magdeburg.de
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Altmann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fansa
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Schneider
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001178:Arthroplasty / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000637:transplantation*; D010243:Paralysis / Q000601:surgery*; D019651:Plastic Surgery Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome