title: Defining oppositional defiant disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  ICD-10 and DSM-IV include similar criterial symptom lists for conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), but while DSM-IV treats each list separately, ICD-10 considers them jointly. One consequence is that ICD-10 identifies a group of children with ODD subtype who do not receive a diagnosis under DSM-IV.
  
  
  METHODS
  We examined the characteristics of this group of children using the Great Smoky Mountains Study of children in the community aged 9-16. This study provided child and parent reports of symptoms and psychosocial impairment assessed with standardised diagnostic interviews.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Children who received an ICD-10 diagnosis but not a DSM-IV diagnosis showed broadly similar levels of psychiatric comorbidity, delinquent activity and psychosocial impairment to those who met DSM-IV criteria in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results indicate that DSM-IV excludes from diagnosis children who receive an ICD-10 diagnosis of CD (ODD sub-type), and who are substantially disturbed. Methods of redressing this situation are considered.
authors.affiliation: MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK. r.rowe@iop.kcl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Richard
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rowe
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Maughan
authors.forename: E Jane
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Costello
authors.forename: Adrian
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Angold
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001007:Anxiety / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D019958:Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D019955:Conduct Disorder / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003863:Depression / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D038801:International Classification of Diseases; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009657:North Carolina; D010552:Personality Assessment / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012424:Rural Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012951:Socialization; D013223:Statistics as Topic