title: Development of simple and efficient in planta transformation method for rice (Oryza sativa L.) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
abstract: Seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Koshihikari) were soaked in water for 2 d. Thereafter, the embryo containing an apical meristem was inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens by piercing a site of the husk overlying the embryonic apical meristem with a needle that had been dipped in an A. tumefaciens inoculum. The inoculated seeds were then grown to maturation (T0 plants) and allowed to pollinate naturally to set seeds (T1 plants) in pots under nonsterile conditions. To examine the transformation by various means, three different strains of A. tumefaciens were used for transformation: an M-21 mutant, which is an avirulent mutant with a Tn5 insertion in the iaaM gene, and two LBA4404 strains each with a different binary vector. Five different lines of evidence were demonstrated the transformation: the altered phenotype and its inheritance by the next generation, histochemical detection of beta-glucuronidase, resistance to hygromycin B, detection of the transgene by PCR and rescue of a plasmid consisting of the integrated T-DNA and the flanking rice genome DNA. Transformation efficiency of T1 plants was estimated to be 40% and 43% by PCR and a histochemical assay of beta-glucuronidase, respectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
authors.forename: Putu
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Supartana
authors.forename: Tsutomu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: Hidenari
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shioiri
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nogawa
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nozue
authors.forename: Mineo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kojima
mesh_terms: D016960:Agrobacterium tumefaciens / Q000235:genetics*; D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements / Q000235:genetics; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005822:Genetic Vectors / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D012275:Oryza / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D010957:Plasmids / Q000235:genetics; D012639:Seeds / Q000235:genetics; D014170:Transformation, Genetic; D019076:Transgenes
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004251:DNA Transposable Elements; C081170:iaaM protein, Agrobacterium