title: Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in a middle and old-aged population of Beijing.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was epidemic worldwide. The prevalence of CKD indicators, including proteinuria, hematuria/uninfectious leukocyturia and reduced GFR, was investigated in the middle and old-aged population of Beijing Shijingshan district.
  
  
  METHODS
  Subjects of 2310 aged > or =40 y were enrolled. Their health conditions were taken by questionnaires and physical check-ups. Spot urine albumin to creatinine ratio, spot urine dipstick and microscopy for urine red cell and leukocyte, and serum creatinine was determined. Using simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation estimated GFR assessed renal function. The associations between age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, and indicators of kidney damage were examined.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Through the questionnaires, the history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CKD were found in 28%, 47.1% and 3.6% of subjects, respectively. Albuminuria was detected in 8.4% of subjects, hematuria and uninfectious leukocyturia in 0.7%, and reduced GFR in 4.9%. Approximately 12.9% had at least 1 indicator of CKD. The known rate of CKD in the studied population was 7.1%. Age, diabetes mellitus, hyper fasting blood glucose and hypertension were independently associated with albuminuria; age, gender, hyper uric acid and albuminuria with reduced GFR. When proteinuria and reduced GFR were determined using spot urine dipstick protein > or =25 mg/dl and serum creatinine > or =133 micromol/l, the prevalence of proteinuria and reduced GFR were 4.7% and 0.8%, respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of CKD is common in middle and old-aged population of Beijing, especially in the elderly, but the known rate was relatively low. These findings highlight the clinical and public health importance of CKD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034 China. xyli_1979@yahoo.com.cn
authors.forename: Zhi-Yan
authors.initials: ZY
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Guo-Bing
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: Tie-An
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Hai-Yan
authors.initials: HY
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate; D006417:Hematuria / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000652:urine; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007964:Leukocytosis / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D048828:beta-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminidase / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D048828:beta-N-Acetyl-Galactosaminidase