title: Surface-activated chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry in the analysis of drugs in dilute urine samples. Part II: analysis of morphine and other street drugs.
abstract: The new ionization method, called surface-activated chemical ionization (SACI), was employed for the analysis of fives drugs (morphine, codeine, 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), benzoylecgonine and cocaine) by ion trap mass spectrometry. The results so obtained have been compared with those achieved by using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), no-discharge-APCI and electrospray ionization (ESI) clearly showing that SACI is the most sensible one mainly due to the high ionization efficiency and the lower chemical noise. The performance of SACI in terms of sensitivity and linearity was compared with the sensitivity and linearity obtained using APCI, no-discharge-APCI and ESI, showing that the new SACI approach gives rise to the best results. Then, SACI was used to analyze morphine, codeine, 6-MAM, benzoylecgonine and cocaine in urine samples. After the optimization of the instrumental parameters for a mixture of the standard compounds, eight urine samples were analyzed. They were strongly diluted (1 : 20 and 1 : 100) in order to prevent the chromatographic column damage due to the matrix composition. Furthermore, the diluted urine samples were directly analyzed, without pretreatment, through LC-MS and LC-MS/MS, and the obtained results are reported.
authors.affiliation: University of Milan, Centre for bio-molecular Interdisciplinary Studies and Industrial applications CISI, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate Milano, Italy. simone.cristoni@virgilio.it
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Cristoni
authors.forename: Marco
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cantu
authors.forename: Luigi Rossi
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bernardi
authors.forename: Piermario
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gerthoux
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mocarelli
authors.forename: Maura
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Brambilla
authors.forename: Elisabetta
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Gonella
authors.forename: Federico
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Guidugli
mesh_terms: D003042:Cocaine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D003061:Codeine / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000652:urine*; D013058:Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D009020:Morphine / Q000652:urine*; D009022:Morphine Derivatives / Q000652:urine; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs; D009022:Morphine Derivatives; C005618:benzoylecgonine; D009020:Morphine; D003042:Cocaine; C026979:6-O-monoacetylmorphine; D003061:Codeine