title: Anxious-retarded depression: relation to two-year outcome of major depressive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Anxious-retarded depression is a two-dimensionally defined subcategory of depression derived from DSM-IV melancholia. It is related to increased plasma vasopressin, correlative plasma vasopressin and cortisol levels, and a positive family history. We now explored its relation with outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seventy depressed patients were included to follow-up for two years. Outcome was defined by time until full-remission. Cox regression analyses were used to compare anxious-retarded and non-anxious-retarded patients, as well as melancholic and non-melancholic patients.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Anxious-retarded depression had poor outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The number of patients was relatively small.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The poor outcome of anxious-retarded depression further supports its validity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, The Netherlands. r.de.winter@Parnassia.nl
authors.forename: R F P
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: de Winter
authors.forename: F G
authors.initials: FG
authors.lastname: Zitman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: van Houwelingen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Wolterbeek
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Goekoop
mesh_terms: D001007:Anxiety / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D011596:Psychomotor Disorders / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014667:Vasopressins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D014667:Vasopressins; D006854:Hydrocortisone