title: Acute tolerance to alcohol effects on inhibitory and activational mechanisms of behavioral control.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Acute alcohol tolerance refers to the observation of reduced impairment at a given blood alcohol concentration (BAC) on the descending versus ascending limb of the blood alcohol curve. Psychomotor performance measures used in human studies of alcohol tolerance provide reliable assessments of tolerance but do not identify specific mechanisms involved in the re-establishment of control, and little is known about how acute tolerance is expressed in terms of changes in fundamental mechanisms that regulate and control behavior. This study examined the expression of acute alcohol tolerance to impaired behavioral control in terms of changes in a drinker's ability to activate and inhibit behavioral responses as BAC ascended and declined following a dose.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty social drinkers performed a cued go/no-go task that measured behavioral control after receiving a moderate dose (0.65 g/kg) of alcohol and a placebo. The development of acute tolerance was measured by testing behavioral control twice: once during the ascending phase and again at comparable BACs during the descending phase of the blood alcohol curve.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Inhibitory and activational aspects of behavioral control both were impaired by alcohol. Acute tolerance developed to the impaired activation but not to the impaired inhibition of behavior.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results highlight the importance of considering behavioral requirements when testing for the development of acute tolerance under a dose of alcohol. By modeling behavioral control as the net effect of countervailing activational and inhibitory influences, the study suggests that fundamental mechanisms of control might not display uniform tolerance development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506-0044, USA. fillmore@uky.edu
authors.forename: Mark T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Fillmore
authors.forename: Cecile A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Marczinski
authors.forename: Angela M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Bowman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000523:psychology*; D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects; D003463:Cues; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D000431:Ethanol / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007266:Inhibition, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate / Q000502:physiology; D009949:Orientation / Q000187:drug effects; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000187:drug effects; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol