title: New perspectives of penile enhancement surgery: tissue engineering with biodegradable scaffolds.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate in a multicenter, prospective study preliminary aesthetic and functional results of autologous ex-vivo tissue engineering for penile girth enhancement.
  
  
  METHODS
  From July 1999 to January 2004, 204 men of mean age 26.77 (range 19-54 years) underwent this procedure. Indications for penile girth enhancement were penile dysmorphic disorder and previous failed surgery for penile girth enhancement. Fibroblast cells harvested from 1 cc of biopsied scrotal dermal tissue were expanded in culture until the total cell number of at least 2x10(7) was reached. Suspended cells in culture medium were then seeded on pretreated tube-shaped PLGA scaffolds and incubated for 24 hours. After penile degloving, scaffolds were shape adjusted and transplanted between dartos and Buck's fascia when the skin was compliant or under the neurovascular bundle when the skin was not compliant.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 84 randomly selected patients were followed 1 to 5 years postoperatively (median 24 months). The gain in girth ranged from 1.9 to 4.1cm (mean 3.15 cm). Postoperative complications occurred as infection in three, penile skin pressure necrosis in two and seroma formation in five patients and were all treated conservatively. Surgical intervention was appraised by patients on a scale from 1 to 5 as follows: the best mark (5) was given by 44.05%, very good (4) by 36.90%, good (3) by 19.05% and only one patient gave the mark 2 judging general penile appearance as dissatisfactory; mean score was 4.25.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Autologous tissue engineering by using biodegradable scaffolds as a carrier is a new and safe therapeutic approach for penile girth enhancement. The outcome of this study points out the necessity for its expanded clinical applicability in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University Children's Hospital, Tirsova 10, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro. perovics@eunet.yu
authors.forename: Sava V
authors.initials: SV
authors.lastname: Perovic
authors.forename: Jae-Sang
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Byun
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scheplev
authors.forename: Miroslav L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Djordjevic
authors.forename: Jin-Hong
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Tatjana
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Bubanj
mesh_terms: D020341:Absorbable Implants; D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010413:Penis / Q000601:surgery*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods