title: Genome-wide scan for white matter hyperintensity: the Framingham Heart Study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  White matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume is associated with aging and cerebrovascular disease and has been demonstrated to have a high heritability in the Framingham Heart Study as well as in other studies. We performed a genome-wide linkage analysis to identify chromosomal regions that may harbor genes influencing WMH in a family-based sample of the Framingham Heart Study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Brain magnetic resonance scans were performed, and WMH and total cranial volume (TCV) were quantified as previously described on 2259 cohort and offspring participants. The outcome used for linkage analysis was an age specific (within 10-year age groups) z-score for the natural logarithm of the ratio of WMH to TCV. This z-score was based on 2230 individuals after excluding 26 participants with neurological conditions other than stroke and 3 individuals whose ages were out of range. Variance component linkage analysis included 747 individuals (mean age=62.16+/-12.43 years) with both magnetic resonance measure and genotype information in 237 families. Mean percent WMH to TCV was 0.098+/-0.175 with a range of 0.00025% to 1.37% in the linkage analysis subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A maximum multipoint logarithm of the odds (LOD) score=3.69, which indicates significant evidence of linkage, was observed at 4 cM on chromosome 4. A suggestive peak with LOD=1.78 was observed at 95 cM on chromosome 17.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have significant evidence that a gene influencing WMH volume is located on chromosome 4 of the human genome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA. adestef@bu.edu
authors.forename: Anita L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: DeStefano
authors.forename: Larry D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Atwood
authors.forename: Joseph M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Massaro
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Heard-Costa
authors.forename: Alexa
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beiser
authors.forename: Rhoda
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Au
authors.forename: Philip A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: DeCarli
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology*; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002875:Chromosomes / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4 / Q000648:ultrastructure; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D008040:Genetic Linkage; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D016678:Genome; D015894:Genome, Human; D005838:Genotype; D006801:Humans; D008126:Lod Score; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D019655:Quantitative Trait, Heritable; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome