title: Intake of added oils and fats among middle-aged French adults: relationships with educational level and region of residence.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the relative contribution of 10 created food groups to total fat intake in middle-aged subjects. The relationship of added oil and fat intake with region of residence and educational level was also assessed.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants of the French Supplémentation en Vitamines et Minéraux Antioxydants study who completed at least six 24-hour dietary records after inclusion into the study (N=6,572).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Added oils and fats were the main source of total fat intake. Animal fat and margarine intakes showed a significant inverse association with educational level, whereas oils with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were positively associated with education level. Animal fat intake was significantly higher in the western and northern parts of France (54.2% and 50.4%) and lower in the Mediterranean Coast (39.0%). A significant inverse gradient was found with oils with polyunsaturated fatty acids or MUFA in the southwest and the Mediterranean Coast compared with the northern part of France.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We showed a north to south gradient for animal fat intake and the opposite for oils with MUFA and polyunsaturated fatty acid in France. This gradient parallels the known disparities for cardiovascular mortality in this country. This should contribute to adapting dietary guidelines for dietary change in a public health perspective.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nutrition, Hôtel-Dieu Hospital, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France. sebastien.czernichow@htd.aphp.fr
authors.forename: Sébastien
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Czernichow
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Bruckert
authors.forename: Jean-Michel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Oppert
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bertrais
authors.forename: François
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Paillard
authors.forename: Pierre
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Astorg
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Arnault
authors.forename: Pilar
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Galan
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hercberg
mesh_terms: D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015930:Diet Records; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000032:analysis; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004522:Educational Status; D002149:Energy Intake; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005602:France / Q000453:epidemiology; D005843:Geography; D007722:Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D012737:Sex Factors; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors
chemical_list: D004041:Dietary Fats; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated