title: Surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate enhances skin vaccination: molecular characterization via a novel technique using ultrafiltration capillaries and mass spectrometric proteomics.
abstract: The skin is a highly accessible organ and thus provides an attractive immune environment for cost-effective, simple, and needle-free delivery of vaccines and immunomodulators. In this study, we pretreated mouse skin with an anionic surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), for a short period of time (10 min) followed by epicutaneous vaccination with hen egg lysozyme antigen. We demonstrated for the first time that pretreatment of skin with surfactant SLS significantly enhances the production of antibody to hen egg lysozyme. Short term pretreatment with SLS disorganized the stratum corneum, extracted partial lamellar lipids, induced the maturation of Langerhans cells, and did not result in epidermis thickening. To reveal the mechanism underlying these changes, particularly at the molecular level, we used a novel proteomic technique using ultrafiltration capillaries and mass spectrometry to identify in vivo proteins/peptides secreted in the SLS-pretreated skin. Two secretory proteins, named as calcium-binding protein S100A9 and thymosin beta4, were identified by this novel technique. These two proteins thus may provide new insight into the enhancing effect of surfactants on skin vaccination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Skin Diseases Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA. chuang@ljimm.org
authors.forename: Chun-Ming
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Chao-Cheng
authors.initials: CC
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Mikako
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Stephen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: Craig A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Elmets
mesh_terms: D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D015335:Molecular Probes; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009113:Muramidase / Q000276:immunology; D011506:Proteins / Q000737:chemistry; D040901:Proteomics / Q000379:methods*; D012867:Skin / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019032:Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014462:Ultrafiltration / Q000379:methods*; D014611:Vaccination / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D015335:Molecular Probes; D011506:Proteins; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; C421864:hen egg lysozyme; D009113:Muramidase