title: Safety, pharmacokinetic, and antitumor activity of SU11248, a novel oral multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in patients with cancer.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To establish the safety, pharmacokinetics, and recommended dose of sunitinib, a novel oral multitargeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor with antiangiogenic and antitumor properties, in patients with advanced malignancies.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sunitinib was given orally for 4 weeks every 6 weeks.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-eight patients received doses ranging from 15 to 59 mg/m2 (ranging from 50 mg every other day to 150 mg/d). Dose-limiting toxicities reported at the maximum-tolerated doses > or = 75 mg/d were reversible grade 3 fatigue, grade 3 hypertension, and grade 2 bullous skin toxicity. Therefore, the recommended dose was 50 mg/d. At this dose, the main adverse effects were sore mouth, edema, and thrombocytopenia. Hair discoloration and yellow coloration of the skin were observed at doses > or = 50 mg/d. Pharmacokinetic data indicate that potentially active target plasma concentrations > or = 50 ng/mL can be achieved with moderate interpatient variability and a long half-life compatible with a single daily dosing. Six objective responses were observed in three renal cell carcinomas, one neuroendocrine tumor, one stromal tumor, and one unknown primary adenocarcinoma patient. At higher doses (> or = 75 mg/d), tumor responses were often associated with reduced intratumoral vascularization and central tumor necrosis, eventually resulting in organ perforation or fistula.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  At the dose of 50 mg/d (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off), sunitinib displays manageable toxicity. Antitumor activity supports further studies in patients with renal cell carcinoma, gastrointestinal, neuroendocrine, and stromal tumors. Future studies may consider including prospective imaging techniques such as high frequency ultrasound to monitor tumor density.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Gustave-Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France.
authors.forename: Sandrine
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Faivre
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Delbaldo
authors.forename: Karina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Vera
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Robert
authors.forename: Stéphanie
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lozahic
authors.forename: Nathalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lassau
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Bello
authors.forename: Samuel
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Deprimo
authors.forename: Nicoletta
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Brega
authors.forename: Giorgio
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Massimini
authors.forename: Jean-Pierre
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Armand
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Scigalla
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Raymond
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects*; D019540:Area Under Curve; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000139:chemically induced; D007211:Indoles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010858:Pigmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D000077210:Sunitinib
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007211:Indoles; D011758:Pyrroles; D017479:Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D040262:Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; D000077210:Sunitinib