title: Ginkgetin, a Biflavone from Ginko biloba leaves, inhibits cyclooxygenases-2 and 5-lipoxygenase in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells.
abstract: Ginkgetin, a biflavone from Ginkgo biloba leaves, was previously reported to be a phospholipase A(2) inhibitor and this compound showed the potent antiarthritic activity in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis as well as analgesic activity. This investigation was carried out to find effects on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in vitro effect. Ginkgetin inhibits COX-2 dependent phases of prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) generation in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) in a concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 0.75 microM. Western blotting probed with specific anti-COX-2 antibodies showed that the decrease in quantity of the PGD(2) product was accompanied by a decrease in the COX-2 protein level. In addition, this compound consistently inhibited the production of leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) in a dose dependent manner, with an IC(50) value of 0.33 microM. These results demonstrate that ginkgetin has a dual cyclooxygenase-2/5-lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, this compound also inhibited degranulation reaction in a dose dependent manner, with an IC(50) value of 6.52 microM. Therefore, this compound might provide a basis for novel anti-inflammatory agents.
authors.affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 712-749, Korea.
authors.forename: Jong Keun
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Min Jung
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Eunkyung
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Tae Chul
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Moon
authors.forename: Kun Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Son
authors.forename: Cheorl-Ho
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Hyun Pyo
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Sam Sik
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: Hyeun Wook
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase / Q000378:metabolism; D044946:Biflavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001854:Bone Marrow Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D020441:Ginkgo biloba; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000494:pharmacology; D017997:Leukotriene C4 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D008297:Male; D008407:Mast Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D018515:Plant Leaves; D015230:Prostaglandin D2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism; D015854:Up-Regulation; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D044946:Biflavonoids; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D005419:Flavonoids; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D016859:Lipoxygenase Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D016753:Interleukin-10; D017997:Leukotriene C4; C077458:ginkgetin; D001094:Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; D051546:Cyclooxygenase 2; C496540:PTGS2 protein, human; D001619:beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases; D015230:Prostaglandin D2