title: Loss of the tissue-specific proapoptotic BH3-only protein Nbk/Bik is a unifying feature of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: We report for the first time inactivation of a tissue-specific Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only protein as a common aspect in human cancer. In detail, we show that loss of the BH3-only protein natural born killer (Nbk)/Bcl-2-interacting killer (Bik) is a common feature of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). While strong Nbk expression is found in the renal tubuli and the epithelial lining of the glomerula, a consistent loss of Nbk expression was observed in primary RCC tissue and RCC cell lines. Mutation of Nbk is, however, rare, whereas deletion of the Nbk gene at 22q13.2 is frequent. In addition to loss of heterozygosity (LOH), DNA methylation mediates transcriptional silencing of the Nbk gene. The conditional restoration of Nbk/Bik expression led to apoptotic death of RCC but not of nonmalignant renal epithelia. A broader expression analysis of RCC cell lines for BH3-only proteins revealed that loss of Nbk coincides with failure to express Bim, whereas Puma, Bid and BNIP3 are readily detectable and, in case of Puma, inducible by p53. These data delineate a role for defects in BH3-only proteins as tumor suppressors in RCC and may explain at the same time the impressive clinical apoptosis resistance of RCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, University Medical Center Charité, Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sturm
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stephan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gillissen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Siebert
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janz
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Radetzki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Loening
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Dörken
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Daniel
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000235:genetics; D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001374:Azacitidine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D019175:DNA Methylation / Q000187:drug effects; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000077209:Decitabine; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D017353:Gene Deletion; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D014162:Transfection; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D051017:Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins; C096820:BIK protein, human; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D024101:Mitochondrial Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D025521:Tumor Suppressor Proteins; D000077209:Decitabine; D015254:DNA Modification Methylases; D001374:Azacitidine