Interactions between gut peptides and the central melanocortin system in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
Genetic and pharmacological studies have shown that the central melanocortin system plays a critical role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Animals and humans with defects in the central melanocortin system display a characteristic melanocortin obesity phenotype typified by increased adiposity, hyperphagia, metabolic defects and increased linear growth. In addition to interacting with long-term regulators of energy homeostasis such as leptin, more recent data suggest that the central melanocortin system also responds to gut-released peptides involved in mediating satiety. In this review, we discuss the interactions between these systems, with particular emphasis on cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin and PYY(3-36).
Ellacott
Kate L J
KL
Vollum Institute and The Center for Weight Regulation and Associated Disorders, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239-3098, USA.
Halatchev
Ilia G
IG
Cone
Roger D
RD
D000818:Animals; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000378:metabolism; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D041981:Gastrointestinal Tract / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D054439:Ghrelin; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones / Q000378:metabolism*; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D036361:Peptide Hormones / Q000378:metabolism; D019894:Peptide YY / Q000378:metabolism; D010455:Peptides / Q000378:metabolism*
D054439:Ghrelin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D036361:Peptide Hormones; D010455:Peptides; D019894:Peptide YY; C061785:peptide YY (3-36); D009074:Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones; D002766:Cholecystokinin