title: Comparison of extra-pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis cases: factors influencing the site of reactivation.
abstract: METHODS
  Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli spread by the hematogenous route during primary infection and reactivate later.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To compare factors influencing the reactivation site.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 236 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 139 extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB) cases were compared in terms of age, co-morbid disease, immunosuppressive drug use, history of contact with a PTB case in a close relative, history of tuberculosis, smoking habit and alcohol intake.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The sex ratio of EPTB and PTB cases was significantly different (P < 0.001): respectively 74% of EPTB cases and 34% of PTB cases were females; 53.3% of PTB cases and 23% of EPTB cases were smokers (P < 0.001); and the disease appeared within the first 5 years after contact in 23.7% of EPTB cases compared to 72.6% in PTB cases (P < 0.001). In logistic regression analysis, gender (OR = 3.69), smoking habit (OR = 0.54) and interval between contact and disease (OR = 1.07) were found to influence the reactivation site.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The probability of PTB development was higher in males, in smokers and within the first 5 years of contact. In contrast, the probability of EPTB development was higher in females and after 5 years of contact.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pneumology, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Musellim
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Erturan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sonmez Duman
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ongen
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors; D014376:Tuberculosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000453:epidemiology*