title: [HLA typing, analysis methods, and clinical applications].
abstract: The polygenic HLA system is a well known region of the human genome. Its main function is to present antigenic peptides to the immune system and thereby regulate induction of immune responses. Extensive genetic polymorphisms characterize some HLA genes. Initially, genetic variations were analyzed by a serological typing technique (microlymphocytotoxicity). The introduction of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the mid-1980s led the development of a variety of methods that use molecular biology. An international nomenclature, regularly updated, governs the names of HLA antigens defined by serology as well as of HLA alleles. Knowledge of the specific polymorphisms of individuals is essential in organ and stem cell transplantation and highly useful in disease association studies.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire et d'histocompatibilité, CHU Augustin Morvan, Brest (29). virginie.moalic@chu-brest.fr
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Moalic
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ferec
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000483:Alleles; D001168:Arthritis / Q000235:genetics; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000235:genetics; D002896:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 6 / Q000235:genetics; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005826:Genetics, Medical; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics*; D006239:Haplotypes; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006650:Histocompatibility Testing / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016377:Organ Transplantation; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D009626:Terminology as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006680:HLA Antigens; D006649:Histocompatibility Antigens