title: Physical, chemical and environmental properties of selected chemical alternatives for the pre-plant use of methyl bromide as soil fumigant.
abstract: Production and use of methyl bromide, a soil fumigant, are being restricted because of this chemical's deleterious effects on stratospheric ozone concentrations. Several products, some of which are currently used as soil fumigants, are being considered as possible replacements for methyl bromide, alone and in various combinations. Among these, 1,3-dichloropropene, methyl isothiocyanate generators such as metam-sodium, and chloropicrin are currently registered, while others such as methyl iodide and sodium azide are at different stages of the registration process. This review examines physicochemical properties, environmental fate, and metabolism of the various potential methyl bromide replacement products.
authors.affiliation: PTRL West, Inc., 625-B Alfred Nobel Drive, Hercules, CA 94547, USA. l.ruzo@ptrlwest.com
authors.forename: Luis O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Ruzo
mesh_terms: D000383:Agriculture / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D005651:Fumigation; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated / Q000737:chemistry / Q000633:toxicity; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated / Q000737:chemistry; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated / Q000737:chemistry; D017879:Isothiocyanates / Q000737:chemistry; D010293:Pargyline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000737:chemistry; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000633:toxicity; D019810:Sodium Azide / Q000737:chemistry; D012987:Soil
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D006842:Hydrocarbons, Brominated; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D006847:Hydrocarbons, Iodinated; D017879:Isothiocyanates; D010573:Pesticide Residues; D010575:Pesticides; D012987:Soil; D019810:Sodium Azide; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene; D010293:Pargyline; C005218:methyl bromide; C014055:methyl iodide; C458239:propargyl bromide; C100187:chloropicrin; C005227:methyl isothiocyanate