title: Tachygastria induced by gastric electrical stimulation is mediated via alpha- and beta-adrenergic pathway and inhibits antral motility in dogs.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  It is known that tachygastria is associated with gastric hypomotility and retrograde gastric electrical stimulation (RGES) delays gastric emptying and is proposed for treating obesity. The aim was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of RGES on postprandial antral contraction in dogs.
  
  
  METHODS
  Seven dogs were implanted with a gastric cannula and three pairs of gastric serosal electrodes. Antral contractions and gastric myoelectrical activity were recorded immediately after a solid meal, with or without RGES, or with GES on the corpus, or with RGES under administration of propranolol. The stimulus was composed of long pulses with a tachygastrial frequency.
  
  
  RESULTS
  (i) GES at the tachygastrial frequency impaired gastric myoelectrical activity and induced tachygastria (anovaP<0.05). (ii) GES at the tachygastrial frequency suppressed antral contractions (anovaP<0.01) and the effect was stronger with retrograde stimulation than forward stimulation (P<0.05). (iii) GES-induced tachygastria was correlated with antral hypomotility (r=-0.60, P=0.01). (iv) Propranolol and phentolamine abolished GES-induced tachygastria and antral hypomotility.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Long-pulse RGES at a tachygastrial frequency suppresses postprandial antral contractions, which is attributed to an induction of tachygastria via the alpha- and beta-adrenergic pathway.
authors.affiliation: Transneuronix and Veterans Research & Education Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ouyang
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xing
authors.forename: J D Z
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Chen
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004576:Electromyography; D005260:Female; D005769:Gastrointestinal Motility / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D019518:Postprandial Period / Q000502:physiology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011706:Pyloric Antrum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013270:Stomach / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D011433:Propranolol