Nutrition-/diet-induced changes in gene expression in white adipose tissue.
Nutrients regulate metabolic fluxes and homeostasis through transcriptional and translational control of enzyme concentrations and allosteric modulation of enzyme activity. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to exert a variety of beneficial health effects such as reducing adiposity and increasing insulin sensitivity in rodents. It is now clear that PUFAs regulate fundamental adipose cell and liver functions through modulation of activity and abundance of key transcription factors that act as nutrient sensors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha/delta/gamma), sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP-1/2), and liver X receptors (LXRalpha/beta). However, in the state of obesity, where adipose tissue shows elevated storage of triglycerides, many lipogenic genes that are essential for adipose cell function including PPARgamma, SREBP-1c, CCAAT-enhancer binding protein alpha and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 are downregulated, apparently due to desensitization of the very same crucial nutrient sensors. This chapter will summarize recent studies of PUFA- and obesity-induced changes in gene expression in white adipose tissue.
Al-Hasani
Hadi
H
German Institute for Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany. al-hasani@mail.dife.de
Joost
Hans-Georg
HG
D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000473:pathology / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D004032:Diet; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D015870:Gene Expression; D006801:Humans; D050155:Lipogenesis / Q000502:physiology; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena / Q000502:physiology*; D009765:Obesity / Q000235:genetics / Q000503:physiopathology; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics / Q000502:physiology
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D000071518:Liver X Receptors; C000605213:NR1H3 protein, human; D057093:Orphan Nuclear Receptors; D047492:Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; D018160:Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; D051779:Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors