title: Late parenthood among subfertile and fertile couples: motivations and educational goals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The percentage of first birth among women and men in their early thirties is growing rapidly. Personal development is considered as an important factor for postponement of having children. Also, subfertility may lead to late parenthood.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study 72 younger and 154 older first time parents in the Netherlands answered a questionnaire regarding parenthood. Subfertile parents and fertile parents were separately analysed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both fertile and subfertile mothers expressed a lesser desire to have a child than younger ones. Older fertile mothers valued the personal development of their children as more important than younger fertile mothers. Also, older fertile mothers had less traditional reasons for motherhood and reported less feminine characteristics. Younger fertile fathers assessed the future material success of their child as less important than older ones. Also, they reported less feminine characteristics.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is more common ground than differences between younger and older first-time mothers.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Counselors should be aware that there appears to be no ground to fear that having children in the age of 30 and 40, has negative effects regarding parenting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Education, University of Amsterdam, Wibautstraat 4, 1091 GM, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. F.vanBalen@uva.nl
authors.forename: Frank
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: van Balen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004493:Education; D005163:Factor Analysis, Statistical; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006040:Goals; D006240:Happiness; D006801:Humans; D007246:Infertility / Q000523:psychology*; D008016:Life Change Events; D008297:Male; D008423:Maternal Age; D008875:Middle Aged; D009042:Motivation; D009426:Netherlands; D016487:Parenting / Q000523:psychology*; D010290:Parents / Q000193:education / Q000523:psychology*; D010331:Paternal Age; D002666:Psychology, Child; D012649:Self Concept; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires