title: [Smoking as potential confounder in german epidemiological studies: standardization of assessment, quantification, and analysis].
abstract: Tobacco smoking is one of the most frequently examined risk factors in epidemiological studies due to the high frequency of smoking in the population and its high risk potential. This paper discusses the issue of standardization of the assessment of tobacco exposure in German epidemiological studies based on a suggestion of the working group "Epidemiological methods" of the German Society of Epidemiology (DGEpi), the German Society of Social Medicine and Prevention (DGSMP), and German Society of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (GMDS) together with the working group "Epidemiology in the workplace" of the DGEpi and the German Society of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (DGAUM). The main element is a short questionnaire for German adults for the assessment of tobacco smoking in epidemiological studies where smoking is a potential confounder. In addition, information on the consideration of intermittent periods of non-smoking, a very short questionnaire for medical examinations in the workplace or non-responder interviews as well as the quantification and statistical modelling of smoking are presented. A brief discussion of scientific problems and questionnaires related to the exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is given.
authors.affiliation: Ordinariat und Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizin, Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Universität Hamburg. Latza@uke.uni-hamburg.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Latza
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hoffmann
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Terschüren
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chang-Claude
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kreuzer
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schaffrath Rosario
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kropp
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Stang
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Lampert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Straif
mesh_terms: D015982:Bias; D015986:Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; D015340:Epidemiologic Research Design; D005858:Germany / Q000453:epidemiology; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D016247:Information Storage and Retrieval / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards*; D012015:Reference Standards; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*