title: Determination of benzoylureas in ground water samples by fully automated on-line pre-concentration and liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection.
abstract: An on-line pre-concentration method for the analysis of five benzoylureas (diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron and flufenoxuron) in ground water samples was evaluated using two C(18) columns, and fluorescence detection after photochemical induced fluorescence (PIF) post-column derivatization. The trace enrichment was carried out with 35 mL of ground water modified with 15 mL of MeOH on a 50 mm x 4.6 mm I.D. first enrichment column (C-1) packed with 5 microm Hypersil Elite C(18). Retention properties of pesticides and humic acids usually contained in ground water were studied on C-1 at concentration levels ranging between 0.04 and 14.00 microg/L in water samples. The results obtained in this study show that the pesticides are pre-concentrated in the first short column while the humic acids contained in the ground water samples are eluted to waste. Pesticides recoveries ranged between 92.3 and 109.5%. The methodology proposed was used to determine benzoylureas in ground water samples at levels lower than 0.1 microg/L (maximum levels established by the European Union).
authors.affiliation: Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain. mdgil@ual.es
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Gil García
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Martínez Galera
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barranco Martínez
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gisbert Gallego
mesh_terms: D001331:Automation; D002853:Chromatography, Liquid / Q000379:methods*; D009862:Online Systems; D010671:Phenylurea Compounds / Q000032:analysis*; D013030:Spain; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000032:analysis*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D010671:Phenylurea Compounds; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical