title: The role of Ni(2+)-sensitive T-type Ca(2+) channels in the regulation of spontaneous excitation in detrusor smooth muscles of the guinea-pig bladder.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore the role of Ni(2+)-sensitive T-type Ca(2+) channels in the generation of spontaneous excitation of detrusor smooth muscles.
  
  
  METHODS
  In isolated detrusor smooth muscle bundles of the guinea-pig bladder, changes in the membrane potential and muscle tension were measured using intracellular microelectrodes and isometric tension recording. Changes in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration were recorded from bundles loaded with the fluorescent dye fura-PE3.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detrusor smooth muscles had two types of spontaneous electrical activity, i.e. individual and bursting action potentials. Ni(2+) (30 microM), a blocker for T-type Ca(2+) channels, reduced the frequency of individual action potentials without changing their amplitude. Higher concentrations of Ni(2+) (100-300 microM) converted individual action potentials into the bursts, as did apamin (0.1 microM), a blocker of small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (SK). They also increased the amplitudes of spontaneous Ca(2+) transients and corresponding contractions whilst reducing their frequencies. In preparations which generated bursting action potentials, nifedipine (1 microm) converted action potentials into spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs), and subsequent applications of Ni(2+) (100 microm) abolished STDs. Gadolinium (100 microM) and SKF96365 (10 microM), blockers for nonselective cation channels, and niflumic acid (100 microm), a blocker for Ca(2+)-activated Cl- channels, had no effect on either the amplitude or frequency of spontaneous action potentials.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The T-type Ca(2+) channel may have dual roles in generating spontaneous excitation in detrusor smooth muscles. First, activity of these channels may account for the preceding depolarizations that lead to action potentials. Second, Ca(2+) influx through T-type Ca(2+) channels may couple functionally to SK channels, contributing to the stability of the resting membrane potential in detrusor smooth muscle. Thus, pharmacological manipulation of T-type Ca(2+) channels in detrusor smooth muscles could be of potential value for treating the overactive bladder.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoshimasa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yanai
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hashitani
authors.forename: Yasue
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
authors.forename: Shoichi
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sasaki
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kohri
authors.forename: Hikaru
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Suzuki
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type / Q000502:physiology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*; D009532:Nickel / Q000502:physiology*; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D020747:Calcium Channels, T-Type; C022838:nickel chloride; D009532:Nickel