title: Lead validation and SAR development via chemical similarity searching; application to compounds targeting the pY+3 site of the SH2 domain of p56lck.
abstract: Compound selection based on chemical similarity has been used to validate active "parent" compounds identified via database searching as viable lead compounds and to obtain initial structure-activity relationships for those leads. Twelve parent compounds that have inhibitory activity against the SH2 domain of the p56 T-cell tyrosine kinase (Lck) are the focus of this study. Lck is involved in the T-cell mediated immune response, and inhibitors of Lck protein-protein interactions could potentially be used to develop novel immunosuppressants. Similarity searches for each parent compound were performed using 2D structural fingerprints on a database containing 1,300,000 commercially available compounds. The inhibitory activity of the selected compounds was assessed using enzyme immunoassay (EIA). In general, the most active parent compounds yield the most high activity similar compounds; however, in two cases low activity parent compounds (i.e. inhibitory activity < 25% at 100 microM) yielded multiple similar compounds with activities > 60%. Such compounds may, therefore, be considered as viable lead compounds for optimization. Structure-activity relationships were explored by examining both ligand structures and their computed bound conformations to the protein. Functional groups common to the active compounds as well as key amino acid residues that form hydrogen bonds with the active compounds were identified. This information will act as the basis for the rational optimization of the lead compounds.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Alba T
authors.initials: AT
authors.lastname: Macias
authors.forename: Md Younus
authors.initials: MY
authors.lastname: Mia
authors.forename: Guanjun
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Xia
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayashi
authors.forename: Alexander D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: MacKerell
mesh_terms: D003198:Computer Simulation; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006860:Hydrogen Bonding; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry*; D008956:Models, Chemical; D008958:Models, Molecular; D011487:Protein Conformation; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D018909:src Homology Domains / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019860:Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)