title: Neuroimaging in drug and substance abuse part II: opioids and solvents.
abstract: The central nervous system is one of the primary targets for the detrimental effects of drugs of abuse. Diagnostic imaging, especially MRI, plays an important role in the detection of complications associated with drug abuse. We present the imaging findings associated with the abuse of opioids and other morphine derivatives, as well, as solvents. Of the morphine derivatives, heroin is the most commonly abused. Several CNS pathologic effects have been described in association with its abuse. These include neurovascular complications such as microvascular ischemic changes or ischemic stroke. A rare form of leukoencephalopathy has been described in those abusers who inhale heroin vapors. Other neurologic complications include atrophy and various infectious processes. Solvent inhalation is a common practice among adolescents and young adults secondary to its ease of access and low cost. The most important component of industrial solvents is toluene. Complications of toluene abuse may be either acute, showing no neuroradiological changes, or chronic, characterized by cerebral and cerebellar demyelination as well as atrophy.
authors.affiliation: Neuroradiology Section, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
authors.forename: Jessica
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Borne
authors.forename: Roy
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Riascos
authors.forename: Hugo
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cuellar
authors.forename: Daniel
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Vargas
authors.forename: Rafael
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rojas
mesh_terms: D000280:Administration, Inhalation; D001284:Atrophy; D001927:Brain Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D012997:Solvents / Q000633:toxicity*; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014050:Toluene / Q000633:toxicity; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D012997:Solvents; D014050:Toluene