title: A feasibility study on recruiting fathers of young children to examine the impact of paternal depression on child development.
abstract: Fathers are underrepresented in research on mental health and child outcome. We tested a range of methods of recruitment of fathers to establish feasibility and recruitment rates to obtain a sample for a study on paternal depression and child development. The study took place in North London. Fathers of children aged 6 years and under were approached via: general practice surgeries by post and by face-to-face contact with attendees; child health surveillance clinics face-to-face or via their partners and via hospital postnatal wards face-to-face or by post. Researcher time and associated costs were monitored for each method, and symptoms of depression and anxiety measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Face-to-face recruitment of fathers on the postnatal ward generated the highest return rate of HADS (28/37; 76%), followed by postal recruitment through general practice (41%;124/303). Lower response rates were observed with postal recruitment via postnatal wards (31%), recruitment in child health surveillance clinics (20%) and approaching attendees in general practice (16%). Twelve percent (23/194) and 30% (58/194) of fathers respectively reported depression and anxiety above the cut-off for case-definition. Costs were calculated on pro-rata researcher time. Costs of recruiting one participant ranged from 3 pounds sterling (general practice postal) to 11.75 pounds sterling (child health surveillance clinics), however the general practice attender method was disproportionately expensive (52.50 pounds sterling). This feasibility study shows that it is possible to recruit fathers to mental health studies and provides clear guidance on planning, costing and the expected levels of recruitment for future studies on fathers of young children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Primary Care & Population Sciences, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK. L.Sherr@pcps.ucl.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lorraine
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sherr
authors.forename: Shreya
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davé
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: Rob
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Senior
authors.forename: Irwin
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nazareth
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002648:Child; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D003863:Depression / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D002658:Developmental Disabilities / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005220:Fathers / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005240:Feasibility Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010332:Paternal Behavior; D018579:Patient Selection; D012106:Research / Q000191:economics; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires