title: Inhibition of mTOR signaling with rapamycin attenuates renal hypertrophy in the early diabetic mice.
abstract: Early diabetic nephropathy is characterized by renal hypertrophy that is mainly due to proximal tubular hypertrophy. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine protein kinase, and its signaling has been reported to regulate protein synthesis and cellular growth, specifically, hypertrophy. Therefore, we examined the effect of mTOR signaling on diabetic renal hypertrophy by using the specific inhibitor for mTOR, rapamycin. Ten days after streptozotocin-induced diabetes, mice showed kidney hypertrophy with increases in the phosphorylation of p70S6kinase and the expression of cyclin kinase inhibitors, p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1), in the kidneys. The intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin (2 mg/kg/day) markedly attenuated the enhanced phosphorylation of p70S6kinase, the increment of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, and renal enlargement without any changes of clinical parameters, including blood glucose, blood pressure, and food intake. Overexpression of a constitutive active form of p70S6kinase resulted in increased cell size of cultured mouse proximal tubule cells; thus, activation of p70S6kinase causes hypertrophy of proximal tubular cells. Our findings suggest that activation of mTOR signaling causes renal hypertrophy at the early stage of diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayoshi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sakaguchi
authors.forename: Motohide
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Isono
authors.forename: Keiji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Isshiki
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Koya
authors.forename: Atsunori
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kashiwagi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D015398:Signal Transduction / Q000187:drug effects; D020123:Sirolimus / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013311:Streptozocin; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D013311:Streptozocin; D011494:Protein Kinases; C546843:mTOR protein, mouse; D058570:TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases; D020123:Sirolimus