title: Effects of bariatric surgery on vitamin D status and secondary hyperparathyroidism: a prospective study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Morbidly obese patients have been reported to present with vitamin D insufficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Scattered data are available regarding the effects of bariatric surgery on vitamin D status. We studied calcium metabolism and vitamin D status before and after bariatric surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this prospective study, 64 patients (M5/F59) fulfilled the inclusion criteria (i.e. 2 calcidiol serum determinations in the winter season) among 457 morbidly obese individuals who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) a mean of 36 months previously. Laboratory data (serum calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, calcidiol, albumin and iPTH) were determined before and after RYGBP. Pre- and postoperative calcidiol levels were categorized as being normal (>50 nmol/L), insufficient (25-50 nmol/L), and deficient (<25 nmol/L). Pre- and postoperative mild secondary hyperparathyroidism was defined as iPTH >7.3 pmol/L with simultaneous normal values for creatinine, calcium and phosphorus.
  
  
  RESULTS
  RYGBP produced a significant weight loss coupled with a simultaneous increase in calcidiol (+28%, P<0.0005) and decrements in total alkaline phosphatase (-53%, P<0.0005) and iPTH (-74%, P=0.001). Corrected serum calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine levels were indistinguishable before and after RYGBP. Additionally, 37.5% of the patients maintained their calcidiol category, while 42.2 % improved it and 20.3% lost one category.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  RYGBP does not completely correct pre-existing vitamin D deficient states with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Low calcidiol bioavailability and or insufficient sunlight exposure do probably persist after bariatric surgery. While randomized controlled studies are warranted, it seems advisable to support vitamin D supplementation as well as increasing sunlight exposure in the morbidly obese population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain. 22705jsh@comb.es
authors.forename: Joan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Sánchez-Hernández
authors.forename: Juan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ybarra
authors.forename: Ignasi
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Gich
authors.forename: Alberto
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: De Leiva
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Rius
authors.forename: Jose
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rodríguez-Espinosa
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pérez
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D015390:Gastric Bypass; D006801:Humans; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009767:Obesity, Morbid / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D015995:Prevalence; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D015431:Weight Loss
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D002112:Calcifediol