title: Synthesis and characterization of new palladium-clotrimazole and palladium-chloroquine complexes showing cytotoxicity for tumor cell lines in vitro.
abstract: New palladium complexes of chloroquine (CQ) and clotrimazole (CTZ) have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated against four tumor cell lines in vitro. [Pd (CQ)2Cl2] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 with CQ, and the [Pd (CTZ)2Cl2] (2) complex by a similar reaction. The new compounds were characterized by a combination of FAB-MS (fast atom bombardment-mass spectrum), elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P(2(1)/c), with a = 21.100(4) A, b = 13.408(3) A, c = 22.642(5) A. The structure refinement converged at R1 = 0.0728, wR2 = 0.1918. The cytotoxicity of these two complexes for the tumor cell lines, PANC-1, SKBR-3, MDA-MB231 and HT-29, was compared with that of the original ligands. Ligation of palladium to CTZ led to an increase in the IC50, although a three-fold reduction in the IC50 of CQ was observed on ligation to the metal when tested against the MDA-MB231 cell line.
authors.affiliation: Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. mnavarro@ivic.ve
authors.forename: Maribel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Navarro
authors.forename: Nayarit Prieto
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Peña
authors.forename: Ibis
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Colmenares
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: González
authors.forename: Miriam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arsenak
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Taylor
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; C509398:palladium-chloroquine; C509399:palladium-clotrimazole; D010165:Palladium; D002738:Chloroquine