The role of glial adenosine receptors in neural resilience and the neurobiology of mood disorders.
Adenosine receptors were classified into A1- and A2-receptors in the laboratory of Bernd Hamprecht more than 25 years ago. Adenosine receptors are instrumental to the neurotrophic effects of glia cells. Both microglia and astrocytes release after stimulation via adenosine receptors factors that are important for neuronal survival and growth. Neuronal resilience is now considered as of pivotal importance in the neurobiology of mood disorders and their treatment. Both sleep deprivation and electroconvulsive therapy, two effective therapeutic measures in mood disorders, are associated with an increase of adenosine and upregulation of adenosine A1-receptors in the brain. Parameters closely related to adenosine receptor activation such as cerebral metabolic rate and delta power in the sleep EEG provide indirect evidence that adenosinergic signaling may be associated with the therapeutic response to these measures. Thus, neurotrophic effects evoked by adenosine receptors might be important in the mechanism of action of ECT and perhaps also sleep deprivation.
van Calker
Dietrich
D
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany. Dietrich_van_Calker@psyallg.ukl.uni-freiburg.de
Biber
Knut
K
D000818:Animals; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D019964:Mood Disorders / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011687:Purines / Q000378:metabolism; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000378:metabolism
D016207:Cytokines; D009414:Nerve Growth Factors; D011687:Purines; D043682:Receptor, Adenosine A1; D043683:Receptors, Adenosine A2; D064568:S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; D009418:S100 Proteins; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor