The acute orbit: etiology, diagnosis, and therapy.
OBJECTIVE
Extension of dental abscesses to distant areas of the head and neck has been repeatedly reported in the medical literature. Subsequent involvement of the orbit still remains a rarity, resulting in protracted onset of therapy because of inaccurate diagnosis. Considering the possible lasting damage that can result from insufficient therapy, like blindness or even death, the need to extensively educate practicing physicians becomes evident.


METHODS
With the help of a comprehensive review of the medical literature underlined with a clinical case, the etiology, diagnosis, and therapy of the acute orbit are highlighted with emphasis on the new imaging modalities as well as the broad spectrum antibiotics currently available on the market.


RESULTS
Orbital infections of odontogenic origin are the rarest sequelae, with a prevalence of 1.3%. Correct diagnosis, adequate antibiotic therapy, and surgical drainage are the keys to success.


CONCLUSIONS
The acute orbit continues to be a medical challenge. With the proposed diagnostic and therapy guidelines, this affliction can be identified and contained with a high degree of certainty.
Blake
Felix Alexander Samuel
FA
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. blake@uke.uni-hamburg.de
Siegert
Joachim
J
Wedl
Juergen
J
Gbara
Ali
A
Schmelzle
Rainer
R
D000038:Abscess / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004322:Drainage; D005491:Focal Infection, Dental / Q000150:complications* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D009916:Orbital Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents