title: Neuroimaging in human dystonia.
abstract: Functional neuroimaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), provides a valuable technique for detecting regional changes in brain metabolic activity associated with human disease. These techniques have been applied in different dystonic disorders including primary generalized dystonia and dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD), as well as focal dystonic syndromes such as torticollis, writer's cramp, and blepharospasm. A common finding is abnormality of the basal ganglia and associated outflow pathways to sensorimotor cortex and other regions involved with motor performance. Other recent imaging research has utilized diffusion-based MRI techniques to localize distinct microstructural abnormalities in dystonia patients and gene carriers. This presentation will focus on an integrated approach to understanding the pathophysiology of this genetic and biochemically diverse disorder.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurosciences, Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030, and Department of Neurology, North Shore University Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
authors.forename: Kotaro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Asanuma
authors.forename: Maren
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Carbon-Correll
authors.forename: David
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eidelberg
mesh_terms: D016880:Anisotropy; D001479:Basal Ganglia / Q000002:abnormalities; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000473:pathology; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists / Q000378:metabolism; D004421:Dystonia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D020821:Dystonic Disorders / Q000473:pathology; D005917:Globus Pallidus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D018832:Molecular Chaperones / Q000235:genetics; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D049268:Positron-Emission Tomography; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011699:Putamen / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000378:metabolism; D020891:Raclopride / Q000378:metabolism; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D014103:Torticollis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D018492:Dopamine Antagonists; D018832:Molecular Chaperones; D011954:Receptors, Dopamine; C108175:TOR1A protein, human; D020891:Raclopride; D004295:Dihydroxyphenylalanine