title: Early and late results of the surgical correction of cardiac prosthetic paravalvular leaks.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Although the incidence of paravalular leaks, the most common cause of non-structural dysfunction after valve replacement, is well defined, the results of their surgical correction are not. Given the growing enthusiasm for interventional catheter-based correction of paravalvular leaks, a current surgical baseline against which to compare these results is important.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients who had surgical correction of an aortic or mitral paravalvular leak unrelated to acute bacterial endocarditis between 1986 and 2001 were identified from a computerized registry. Hospital records were reviewed, and follow up data obtained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 136 consecutive patients (73 males, 63 females; mean age 64 years) underwent surgical correction of a paravalvular leak. Of the valves, 44 (32%) were aortic and 92 (68%) mitral. More than one previous cardiac operation had been performed in 68 patients (50%). In 107 patients (79%; 32 aortic (73%), 75 mitral (82%)), the leak was the primary indication for reoperation, while for 29 patients (21%; 12 aortic (27%), 17 mitral (18%)) the correction was secondary to another cardiac procedure. In 65 patients (48%; 12 aortic (27%), 53 (58%) mitral)) the leak was repaired primarily, while in 71 patients (52%; 32 aortic (73%), 39 (42%) mitral)) the prosthesis was replaced. Operative mortality was 6.6% (n = 9). There were no significant multivariable predictors of hospital death. Perioperative stroke occurred in seven cases (5.1%), and hospital stay was >14 days in 40 patients (29%). The 10-year Kaplan-Meier survival was 30 (CI 20-39)%. Ten-year actual versus actuarial freedom from repeat paravalvular leak was 84 (CI 68-92)% versus 63 (CI 49-76)%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Surgical correction of cardiac paravalvular leaks can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity. Patients with surgically corrected paravalvular leaks have a limited life expectancy, but reasonable freedom from recurrent paravalvular leak.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, White 503, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA. cakins@partners.org
authors.forename: Cary W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Akins
authors.forename: Jerene M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Bitondo
authors.forename: Alan D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Hilgenberg
authors.forename: Gus J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Vlahakes
authors.forename: Joren C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Madsen
authors.forename: Thomas E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: MacGillivray
mesh_terms: D001021:Aortic Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006350:Heart Valve Prosthesis; D019918:Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000601:surgery*; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D016019:Survival Analysis