title: Finding new tricks for old drugs: an efficient route for public-sector drug discovery.
abstract: With the annotation of the human genome approaching completion, public-sector researchers - spurred in part by various National Institutes of Health Roadmap Initiatives - have become increasingly engaged in drug discovery and development efforts. Although large and diverse chemical libraries of 'drug-like' compounds can be readily screened to yield chemically novel scaffolds, transforming these 'chemical probes' into drugs is a daunting endeavour. A more efficient approach involves screening libraries of approved and off-patent medications; both phenotypic- and molecular target-based screening of 'old drugs' can readily yield compounds that could be immediately used in clinical trials. Using case studies, we describe how this approach has rapidly identified candidate medications suitable for clinical trials in disorders such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This approach has also led to the discovery of the molecular targets responsible for serious drug side effects, thereby allowing efficient 'counter-screening' to avoid these side effects.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, 2109 Adelbert Road, Case Western Reserve University Medical School, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
authors.forename: Kerry A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Bryan L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Roth
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D015195:Drug Design; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / Q000379:methods; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends*; D004526:Efficiency; D017598:Efficiency, Organizational / Q000191:economics / Q000639:trends; D005277:Fenfluramine / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D010645:Phentermine / Q000009:adverse effects; D017150:Public Sector / Q000191:economics* / Q000639:trends; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000639:trends
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D018696:Neuroprotective Agents; D005277:Fenfluramine; D010645:Phentermine