title: Methodological, developmental, and sex biases in the Social Self-Esteem test? Modest, no, and no.
abstract: Data on the Social Self-Esteem (SSE) test were examined for two potential method artifacts, sex differences, and developmental effects. A single SSE item was administered to 2009 secondary school students as part of an in-class, self-administered questionnaire. Across four orders of presentation, the measure performed according to construct-derived predictions. Modest order effects emerged when the conditions were examined separately. No evidence for random response was found. No grade by sex interaction was found. Separate trends for grade and sex effects were weak and contrary to the predictions derived from an earlier critique of the measure. It was suggested that use of the SSE be limited to research applications aggregating individuals' responses.
authors.affiliation: The University of Michigan, USA.
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Mann