title: Single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery under topical anesthesia and propofol.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To present our experience with single-stage adjustable strabismus surgery (SSASS) under topical anesthesia and propofol.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen patients who either had diplopia before the surgery or were at risk of developing diplopia after the surgery were selected for this operation after evaluating their tolerance for an eyelid speculum. Recession of the lateral recti, recession, resection and advancement of the medial recti, anteriorization of the inferior oblique and marginal myotomy to the superior rectus were the procedures done under topical anesthesia and propofol. The operations were done in two phases; in the first phase, the patients were sedated for 10 minutes with intravenous propofol (2 mg/kg) and the operation was done under topical anesthesia with 2% lidocaine. In the second phase, the patients were conscious and the adjustments were made.
  
  
  RESULTS
  None of the patients complained of significant pain during the surgery. No complications occurred during and after the procedure and no patients had diplopia during the postoperative follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Single-stage adjustable surgery is practical and avoids the risks of regional and general anesthesia. The only disadvantage is the pain that some patients experience. We found that it is feasible to use propofol for this surgery; it provides deep sedation and prevents pain from being felt during the operation, and its short elimination half-life provides rapid awakening for the adjustment phase.
authors.affiliation: Strabismus Department, SB Ulucanlar Eye Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. dr_feray@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Feray
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Koc
authors.forename: Nihal
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Durlu
authors.forename: Handan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozal
authors.forename: Hakan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yasar
authors.forename: Esin
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Firat
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000379:methods*; D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D013508:Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000517:prevention & control; D017060:Patient Satisfaction; D015742:Propofol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013285:Strabismus / Q000601:surgery*; D013536:Suture Techniques
chemical_list: D018686:Anesthetics, Intravenous; D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine; D015742:Propofol