title: Anti-angiogenesis efficacy of the garlic ingredient alliin and antioxidants: role of nitric oxide and p53.
abstract: Alliin, a compound derived from garlic, demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF2)-induced human endothelial cell (EC) tube formation and angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Additionally, alliin demonstrated potent inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis in the CAM model. The antioxidant vitamins C and E significantly (P < 0.001) enhanced the inhibitory efficacy of alliin on FGF2-induced EC tube formation and angiogenesis. Alliin significantly increased (P < 0.01) nitric oxide (NO) release into the CAM fluid, which was further enhanced by vitamins C and E. The NO synthesis inhibitor nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reversed the anti-angiogenesis efficacy of alliin in the CAM model. Vitamins C and E significantly enhanced the anticancer efficacy of alliin in inhibiting colon and fibrosarcoma tumor growth. Alliin significantly inhibited both FGF2 and VEGF secretion from human fibrosarcoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, alliin up-regulated the p53 production in FGF2-stimulated EC. These data indicated a synergistic effect of antioxidants on the anti-angiogenesis and anticancer efficacy of alliin. These data also suggest the implication of cellular NO and p53 as mediators of anti-angiogenesis and anticancer effects of alliin.
authors.affiliation: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
authors.forename: Ahmed S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mousa
authors.forename: Shaker A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Mousa
mesh_terms: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D049033:Chorioallantoic Membrane; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular; D005737:Garlic / Q000737:chemistry*; D006801:Humans; D023421:Models, Animal; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D020533:Angiogenesis Inhibitors; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D000975:Antioxidants; D016228:Endothelial Growth Factors; D016159:Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; D014810:Vitamin E; D009569:Nitric Oxide; C006453:alliin; D003545:Cysteine; D001205:Ascorbic Acid