title: Prototype Alzheimer's disease epitope vaccine induced strong Th2-type anti-Abeta antibody response with Alum to Quil A adjuvant switch.
abstract: Beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide has been proposed to be a causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently being investigated, active and passive Abeta-immunotherapy significantly reduce Abeta plaque deposition, neuritic dystrophy, and astrogliosis in the brains of APP transgenic (APP/Tg) mice. Immunization with Abeta42 formulated in the Th1-type adjuvant QS21 was beneficial for AD patients with significant titers of anti-Abeta antibodies, however, 6% of participants developed meningoencephalitis, likely due to anti-Abeta-specific autoimmune Th1 cells. Thus, successful Abeta vaccination requires the development of strong antibody responses without Th1-type cellular immunity. In this study, we compared the induction of humoral immune responses with Th1-type (Quil A) and Th2-type (Alum) adjuvants singly and in combination, using our novel epitope vaccine composed of self B cell epitope Abeta(1-15) and foreign T cell epitope PADRE (PADRE-Abeta(1-15)-MAP). Formulated in Quil A, this vaccine resulted in significantly higher anti-Abeta antibody responses in both BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice, compared with Alum. Anti-Abeta antibodies induced by Alum were predominantly IgG1 type accompanied by lower levels of IgG2a and IgG2b. Quil A induced robust and almost equal titers of anti-Abeta antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes and slightly lower levels of IgG2b. Switching adjuvants from Alum to Quil A induced higher concentrations of antibodies than injections with Alum only, however slightly lower than Quil A only. Switching both adjuvants did not change the profile of antibody responses generated by the initial adjuvant injected. These results suggest that switching from Alum to Quil A would be beneficial for AD patients because anti-Abeta antibody production was enhanced without changing the initially generated and likely beneficial Th2-type humoral response.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647-3652, USA.
authors.forename: Anahit
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ghochikyan
authors.forename: Mikayel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mkrtichyan
authors.forename: Irina
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Petrushina
authors.forename: Nina
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Movsesyan
authors.forename: Adrine
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karapetyan
authors.forename: David H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Cribbs
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Agadjanyan
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000534:Alum Compounds / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides / Q000276:immunology*; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D005260:Female; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D012503:Saponins / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D018417:Th1 Cells / Q000276:immunology; D018418:Th2 Cells / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000534:Alum Compounds; D016229:Amyloid beta-Peptides; D018985:Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte; D018984:Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte; D062605:Quillaja Saponins; D012503:Saponins; C041524:aluminum sulfate; C046386:Quil A