title: Beta-blockers improve in-hospital and long-term survival in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction undergoing major vascular surgery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study whether beta-blockers reduce in-hospital and long-term mortality in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) undergoing major vascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  Observational cohort study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five hundred and eleven patients with severe LVD (ejection fraction<30%) undergoing major non-cardiac vascular surgery.
  
  
  METHODS
  In all patients, cardiac risk factors, medication (including beta-blockers), and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) results were noted prior to surgery. DSE was evaluated for rest and stress-induced new wall motion abnormalities. Endpoint was in-hospital and long-term mortality. Propensity scores for beta-blockers were calculated and regression models were used to analyse the relation between beta-blockers and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean age was 64+/-11 years and 383 patients (75%) were male. 139 patients (27%) used beta-blockers. Stress-induced ischemia occurred in 82 patients (16%). Median follow-up was 7 years (interquartile range: 3-10). In-hospital and long-term mortality was observed in 64 (13%) and 171 (33%) patients, respectively. After adjusting for clinical variables, DSE results and propensity scores, beta-blockers were significantly associated with reduced in-hospital and long-term mortality (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.74 and HR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.22-0.65, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In patients with severe LVD undergoing major vascular surgery, the use of beta-blockers is associated with a reduced incidence of in-hospital and long-term postoperative mortality.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Feringa
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Bax
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Schouten
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kertai
authors.forename: L L M
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: van de Ven
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hoeks
authors.forename: M R H M
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: van Sambeek
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klein
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Poldermans
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D025401:Echocardiography, Stress; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000209:etiology; D009426:Netherlands / Q000453:epidemiology; D016019:Survival Analysis; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000401:mortality*; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists