title: Normal human left and right ventricular and left atrial dimensions using steady state free precession magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this project was to establish a database of left and right ventricular and left atrial dimensions in healthy volunteers using steady-state free precession cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, the clinical technique of choice, across a wide age range.
  
  
  METHODS
  108 healthy volunteers (63 male, 45 female) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using steady-state free precession sequences. Manual analysis was performed by 2 experienced observers.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Left and right ventricular volumes and left ventricular mass were larger in males than females: LV end-diastolic volume 160 +/- 29 mL vs. 135 +/- 26 mL, LV end-systolic volume 50 +/- 16 mL vs. 42 +/- 12 mL; RV end-diastolic volume 190 +/- 33 mL vs. 148 +/- 35 mL, RV end-systolic volume 78 +/- 20 mL vs. 56 +/- 18 mL (p < .05 for all). Normalization of values to body surface area removed the statistical differences for LV volumes, but not for LV mass or RV volumes. With increased age, males showed a significant decrease in volume and mass indices for both ventricles, while female values remained unchanged. Compared to females, males had significantly larger maximal left atrial volumes (103 +/- 30 mL vs. 89 +/- 21 mL, p = .01) and left atrial stroke volumes (58 +/- 23 mL vs. 48 +/- 15 mL, p = .01). There was no difference in left atrial ejection fraction between the sexes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We have produced a large database of age-related normal ranges for left and right ventricular function and left atrial function in males and females. This will allow accurate interpretation of clinical and research datasets.
authors.affiliation: The University of Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK. lucy.hudsmith@cardiov.ox.ac.uk
authors.forename: Lucy E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Hudsmith
authors.forename: Steffen E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Petersen
authors.forename: Jane M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: Matthew D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Neubauer
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016279:Atrial Function, Left; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000473:pathology; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015588:Observer Variation; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012737:Sex Factors; D013318:Stroke Volume; D016276:Ventricular Function