title: Transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis: surgical outcome.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Transsternal thymectomy is well established in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Surgical strategy and patient selection, however, remain controversial. This paper reports the experience of a supraregional center looking into the influence of different preoperative risk factors on surgical outcome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Between 1987 and 1998, 85 consecutive patients (65 female; mean age, 30.5 years) were enrolled. The mean preoperative Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America stage was 2.3. The preoperative, early, and late follow-up data were analyzed retrospectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean follow-up was 4.5 years (range, 1 to 14; 376 follow-up years). Mean duration of disease before surgery was 31 months. There were no operative or late deaths. Eight patients had major complications. Seventy-two patients were free from any early or late morbidity. Immunosupression therapy patients were more prone to have complications. At their last visit, 15 patients (17%) were in complete remission; 67 reported clinical improvement. Sixty-three were asymptomatic or in stage I on no or minimal treatment. Remission and clinical improvement were not predicted by patient's age, sex, duration of disease prior to surgery, thymic pathology, or antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies titer. Greater severity of symptoms before surgery was associated with greater subsequent improvement. Remission at 1 year predicted remission at the end of follow-up.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Transsternal thymectomy for myasthenia gravis is safe and effective. It benefits most patients, especially those with severe symptoms. The long interval from diagnosis to surgery demonstrates it is never too late for thymectomy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: Hassan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kattach
authors.forename: Kyriakos
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Anastasiadis
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cleuziou
authors.forename: Camilla
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Buckley
authors.forename: Brian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Shine
authors.forename: Ravi
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pillai
authors.forename: Chandana
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ratnatunga
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009157:Myasthenia Gravis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D012074:Remission Induction; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013249:Sternum / Q000601:surgery*; D013934:Thymectomy / Q000379:methods*; D013945:Thymoma / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D013953:Thymus Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000601:surgery*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D002800:Cholinesterase Inhibitors; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents