title: The effect of cold exposure on the hormonal and metabolic responses to sleep deprivation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 12 degrees C cold exposure for 180-minutes on the hormonal responses of sleep-deprived individuals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Participants underwent 2 cold-air trials: 1 after a normal night of sleep (ie, 6-8 hours) and 1 after 33 hours of sleep deprivation (SDEP). A venous blood sample was taken at baseline and then at 90-and 180-minute cold-exposure time points. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to determine significance between a normal night of sleep and SDEP for norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, insulin, thyroid hormones triiodothyronine and thyroxine, glucose, and non-esterifled fatty acids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was no significant main effect for time, trial, or interaction for insulin, thyroid hormones, epinephrine, cortisol, and glucose (P < or = .05). A significant main effect for time for norepinephrine and non-esterified fatty acids was demonstrated (P < .001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The lack of significant differences in the hormonal and metabolic responses to cold exposure combined with SDEP may have been because of an ability of the individual to continue to respond despite the environmental stressor or the physiological effect elicited from cold exposure, thereby possibly masking physiological responses of SDEP.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  On the basis of these data, SDEP combined with protracted cold exposure apparently was not a great enough stressor to cause a differential response in the hormonal and metabolic parameters.
authors.affiliation: School of Family and Consumer Studies, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA. ncaine@kent.edu
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Caine-Bish
authors.forename: Edward S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Potkanowicz
authors.forename: Ronald
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Otterstetter
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Marcinkiewicz
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kamimori
authors.forename: Ellen
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Glickman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012892:Sleep Deprivation / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006728:Hormones; D009638:Norepinephrine