Radioactive materials in biosolids: dose modeling.
The Interagency Steering Committee on Radiation Standards (ISCORS) has recently completed a study of the occurrence within the United States of radioactive materials in sewage sludge and sewage incineration ash. One component of that effort was an examination of the possible transport of radioactivity from sludge into the local environment and the subsequent exposure of humans. A stochastic environmental pathway model was applied separately to seven hypothetical, generic sludge-release scenarios, leading to the creation of seven tables of Dose-to-Source Ratios (DSR), which can be used in translating from specific activity in sludge into dose to an individual. These DSR values were then combined with the results of an ISCORS survey of sludge and ash at more than 300 publicly owned treatment works, to explore the potential for radiation exposure of sludge workers and members of the public. This paper provides a brief overview of the pathway modeling methodology employed in the exposure and dose assessments and discusses technical aspects of the results obtained.
Wolbarst
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Radiation Protection Division, Office of Radiation and Indoor Air (6608J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20460, USA. wolbarst.anthony@epa.gov
Chiu
W A
WA
Yu
C
C
Aiello
K
K
Bachmaier
J T
JT
Bastian
R K
RK
Cheng
J-J
JJ
Goodman
J
J
Hogan
R
R
Jones
A R
AR
Kamboj
S
S
Lenhartt
T
T
Ott
W R
WR
Rubin
A
A
Salomon
S N
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Schmidt
D W
DW
Setlow
L W
LW
D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011848:Radioactive Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D012037:Refuse Disposal; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012722:Sewage
D011848:Radioactive Pollutants; D012722:Sewage