title: Imbalance between production and scavenging of hydroxyl radicals in patients maintained on hemodialysis.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Reactive oxygen species are as being related to the pathophysiology of endstage renal disease (ESRD). We measured the plasma hydroxyl radical (.OH)-producing ability and .OH-scavenging activity in patients with ESRD to clarify the pathophysiological states involved.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used electron spin resonance to measure plasma N-t-butyl-alpha-phenylnitron radical spin adduct (pPBN rsa) as .OH-producing ability and plasma 3,3,5,5-tetramethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide radical spin adduct (pM4PO rsa) as .OH-scavenging activity. Oxidative injuries were evaluated by determining oxidised low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The pPBN rsa of the ESRD patients was lower than that of the controls (1.83 vs 2.94 micromol/g protein). The pM4PO rsa of the ESRD patients was higher than that of the controls (3.85 vs 3.15 mmol L: -ascorbic acid 2-[3,4-dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl hydrogen phosphate] potassium salt (EPC-K1)/g protein). The pPBN rsa and pM4PO rsa were correlated, both in the ESRD patients and in the controls (r = 0.47 and r = 0.53). Ox-LDL was correlated with hemodialysis (HD) duration (r = 0.49) and was negatively correlated with pPBN rsa (r = -0.54), which indicates that oxidative stress was increased as HD therapy was prolonged and suppressed pPBN rsa.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was an imbalance between .OH-producing ability and .OH-scavenging activity, in the ESRD patients, and this may be responsible for compromising the health of ESRD patients.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Sayuri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shirai
authors.affiliation: Akabane-Chuo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Masayuki
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ominato
authors.affiliation: Tachibana-dai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan.
authors.forename: Takekazu
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shimazu
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Katuhide
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Toyama
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Goichi
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ogimoto
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Tomoya
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Fujino
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yasuda
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Takeo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan.
authors.forename: Teruhiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Maeba
authors.affiliation: Akabane-Chuo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shigeru
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Owada
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, 2-16-1 Sugao, Miyamae-ku, Kawasaki, 216-8511, Japan. kimura@marianna-u.ac.jp.
authors.forename: Kenjiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kimura
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D005260:Female; D016166:Free Radical Scavengers / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism*; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000628:therapy*; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D006435:Renal Dialysis
chemical_list: D016166:Free Radical Scavengers; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical