title: The appearance of foramen in the internal aspect of the mental region of mandible from Japanese cadavers and dry skulls under macroscopic observation and three-dimensional CT images.
abstract: The lingual canal with foramen displays different appearances on the internal surfaces of mandible as confirmed by macroscopic observation and computerized tomography (CT). The lingual canal was observed in the inside of mental region run to the outside of lingual foramen, which is extend internally from mandibular canal in right and left sides of the mandible in cadavers (13 sides out of 88 sides) and in dry skulls (43 out of 94 sides) examined. The spinal foramen connected with mental canal occurred at the midline of mandible in 6 cases (6 out of 47 cases) in dry skulls. In this small foramen, the inferior alveolar artery give some branches to the inside of mental region at the anterior mandible and which may be run pass through the lingual canal to the lingual foramen, where they emerge to enter the mylohyoid or anterior belly of digastric muscles. The observations of these are important considerations for surgical placement of dental implants in the region in the mandible.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Shunji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Taisuke
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawai
authors.forename: Koichiro
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Okutsu
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yosue
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Takamori
authors.forename: Masataka
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sunohara
authors.forename: Iwao
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Sato
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D044466:Asian People; D002680:Chin / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply; D015921:Dental Implants; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006928:Hyoid Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D008297:Male; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D015921:Dental Implants