title: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the perioperative phase in traumatology and orthopedics effects on bone healing.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To achieve analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects in traumatology and orthopedic surgery without side effects or with the least possible side effects, with special emphasis on bone healing.
  
  
  METHODS
  Acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, e. g., rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis. Degenerative joint disease. Posttraumatic and postoperative pain, edema, or fever. Prevention of heterotopic bone formation.
  
  
  METHODS
  Hypersensitivity. Gastrointestinal ulceration or bleeding. Severe hepatic or renal impairment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are invaluable in treating a variety of musculoskeletal conditions. As well as their excellent analgesic potency their anti-inflammatory effects are beneficial in treating posttraumatic and postoperative edema. In addition, NSAIDs inhibit heterotopic bone formation after hip arthroplasty. Animal studies, however, have demonstrated that they cause delayed fracture healing. Although clinical studies have not yet supplied unequivocal evidence of this effect in human subjects, the authors recommend that in the presence of other risk factors which may adversely affect fracture healing, such as smoking, diabetes mellitus or peripheral arterial occlusive disease, the indication of NSAID use for analgesia should be strictly limited. Therapeutic alternatives such as centrally acting agents (e. g., weak opioids) should be considered in these patients.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Unfallchirurgie, Hand- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, D-89075, Ulm. alexander.beck@medizin.uni-ulm.de
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Khaled
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: Gert
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Krischak
authors.forename: Lothar
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kinzl
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bischoff
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schmelz
mesh_terms: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D017102:Fracture Healing / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D009999:Ossification, Heterotopic / Q000517:prevention & control*; D019990:Perioperative Care / Q000379:methods*; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000517:prevention & control*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D010818:Practice Patterns, Physicians'; D014194:Traumatology / Q000379:methods*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal