title: Utilization of psychotherapy in patients with personality disorder: the impact of gender, character traits, affect regulation, and quality of object-relations.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of the study was to generate hypotheses for examining gender differences in variables with predictive value for the utilization of psychotherapy in patients with personality disorders (PDs).
  
  
  METHODS
  Personality traits, affect experience and regulation, the quality of object relations and interpersonal problems within the process of psychotherapy planning were assessed in 140 psychiatric outpatients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Besides the structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV I+II, variables were assessed with the Shedler-Westen assessment procedure (SWAP-200), the affect regulation and experience Q sort (AREQ), the quality of object-relations scale (QORS), and the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Correlation and group difference statistics, regression and canonical correlation analysis were performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Predictors concerning the utilization or non-utilization of psychotherapy were a schizoid PD rating a self-report of subassertive behaviour related to interpersonal problems in women, and a narcissistic PD rating in men. Canonical correlations between predictors and quality of object relations or interpersonal problems were found in women, while in men there was merely a tendency for predictor and affect regulation to be related.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results suggest that for men it is more important to interpret the dominating affect, while for women, understanding the pathological object relation pattern is useful for successful therapy planning.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria. henriette.loeffler-stastka@meduniwien.ac.at
authors.forename: Henriette
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Löffler-Stastka
authors.forename: Elisabeth
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ponocny-Seliger
authors.forename: Melitta
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fischer-Kern
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Leithner
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D002605:Character; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D008605:Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires