title: Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d and pulmonary function in the third national health and nutrition examination survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Age, gender, height, ethnicity, and smoking are important determinants of lung function but do not explain all of the variation between individuals. Low concentrations of vitamin D have been associated with a number of diseases, including osteoporosis, hypertension, and type I diabetes. It is possible that serum concentrations of vitamin D might also influence pulmonary function.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To determine the relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and pulmonary function.
  
  
  METHODS
  The analysis was conducted using data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was a cross-sectional survey of the US civilian population that was conducted from 1988 to 1994. The analyses were restricted to 14,091 people who > or = 20 years of age, were interviewed at mobile examination centers, and had undergone spirometry, and in whom serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels had been measured.
  
  
  RESULTS
  After adjustment for age, gender, height, body mass index, ethnicity, and smoking history, the mean FEV1 was 126 mL (SE, 22 mL), and the mean FVC was 172 mL (SE, 26 mL) greater for the highest quintile of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D level (> or = 85.7 nmol/L) compared with the lowest quintile (< or = 40.4 nmol/L; p < 0.0001). With further adjustment for physical activity, the intake of vitamin D supplements, milk intake, and the level of serum antioxidants, the mean difference between the highest and lowest quintiles of 25-hydroxy vitamin D was 106 mL (SE, 24 mL) for FEV1, and 142 mL (SE, 29 mL) for FVC (p < 0.0001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a strong relationship between serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D, FEV1, and FVC. Further studies are necessary to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D is of any benefit in patients with respiratory disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019 Auckland, New Zealand. pn.black@auckland.ac.nz
authors.forename: Peter N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Scragg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009520:New Zealand; D011336:Probability; D029424:Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D012129:Respiratory Function Tests; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D013147:Spirometry; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D014807:Vitamin D; C104450:25-hydroxyvitamin D