title: Cystatin C and incident peripheral arterial disease events in the elderly: results from the Cardiovascular Health Study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The association of cystatin C, a novel marker of renal function, with risk for developing complications related to peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has not been examined.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated the hypothesis that a high cystatin C concentration is independently associated with future PAD events among 4025 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study who underwent serum cystatin C measurement at the 1992-1993 visit and who did not have PAD at baseline. The association of cystatin C quintiles with time to first lower-extremity PAD procedure (bypass surgery, angioplasty, or amputation) was evaluated using multivariable proportional hazards models. Secondary analyses were conducted using quintiles of serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The annualized risk of undergoing a procedure for PAD was 0.43% per year among participants in the highest cystatin C quintile (>1.27 mg/L) compared with 0.21% per year or less in all other quintiles. After multivariable adjustment for known risk factors for PAD, elevated cystatin C levels remained associated with the outcome (hazard ratio, 2.5 for highest vs lowest quintile of cystatin C, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-5.1). The highest quintiles of serum creatinine level and eGFR were not associated with future PAD events in either unadjusted or adjusted analyses.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Elevated concentrations of cystatin C were independently predictive of incident PAD events among community-dwelling elderly patients.
authors.affiliation: Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, and General Internal Medicine Section, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, 4150 Clement Street, San Faancisco, CA 94121, USA. Ann.O'Hare@med.va.gov
authors.forename: Ann M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: O'Hare
authors.forename: Anne B
authors.initials: AB
authors.lastname: Newman
authors.forename: Ronit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Katz
authors.forename: Linda F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Fried
authors.forename: Catherine O
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Stehman-Breen
authors.forename: Stephen L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Seliger
authors.forename: David S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Siscovick
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Shlipak
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D015331:Cohort Studies; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D016491:Peripheral Vascular Diseases / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D012372:ROC Curve; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: C525030:CST3 protein, human; D055316:Cystatin C; D015891:Cystatins