title: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in exon 3 of the adiponectin gene in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Adiponectin (APM1)--a newly discovered adipocytokine secreted by fat tissue--was recently suggested to play a role in the genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance. Adiponectin gene is localized on chromosome 3q27 within the region which was identified as susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Till now genetic associations of two SNP in exon 2 (+45T/G) and intron 2 (+276G/T) of adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes and adiponectin level were reported in Japanese population and with insulin resistance in some Caucasian populations (Italy, Germany). Moreover, in the proximal promoter region of the APM1 gene: SNP-11426A/G and -11391A/-11377G haplotype predicted the associations with fasting plasma glucose, type 2 diabetes and adiponectin levels. On the other hand the role of mutations in exon 3 of the adiponectin gene is not so well studied.
  
  
  METHODS
  The aim of our study was the screening for rare mutation in exon 3 of adiponectin gene in the Polish subjects with type 2 diabetes as there is no data available about the frequency and role of these mutations in our population. The study was performed in the group of 187 Polish origin patients with type 2 diabetes (32 female and 155 male, mean age 54.1 +/- 8.6 yrs) and 102 age and sex matched healthy controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The frequency of adiponectin gene mutations in exon 3 was 3.9%, while in the control group 0.98% and this difference was not statistically significant. We also observed that adiponectin level is significantly lower in patients with c.331 T-->C mutation (Y111H) in comparison to subjects without this mutation (5.0 ug/ml vs 14.4 ug/ml, p=0.0148).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge the present study is the first which shows that in Polish populations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, Poland. akretows@amb.edu.pl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kretowski
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gugała
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Okruszko
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Górska
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D005091:Exons / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D011044:Poland / Q000453:epidemiology; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin