title: Efficacy assessment of phenobarbital in epilepsy: a large community-based intervention trial in rural China.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Many people with epilepsy need not experience further seizures if the diagnosis and treatment are correct. Most epilepsy patients have convulsions, which are usually fairly easy to diagnose. This study tested a model for treatment of people with convulsive forms of epilepsy at primary health-care level in rural areas of China.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with convulsive epilepsy were identified at primary care level and provided with phenobarbital monotherapy. Local physicians, who were provided with special training, carried out screening, treatment, and follow-up. A local neurologist confirmed the diagnoses. Efficacy was assessed from the percentage reduction in seizure frequency from baseline and the retention of patients on treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study enrolled 2455 patients. In 68% of patients who completed 12 months' treatment, seizure frequency was decreased by at least 50%, and a third of patients were seizure free. 72% of patients who completed 24 months' treatment had reduction of seizure frequency of at least 50% and a quarter of patients remained seizure free. Probability of retention was 0.84 at 1 year, and 0.76 at 2 years. Medication was well tolerated and reported adverse events were mild; only 32 patients (1%) discontinued medication because of side-effects.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This pragmatic study confirmed that this simple protocol was suitable for the treatment of convulsive forms of epilepsy in rural areas of China. Physicians with basic training could treat epilepsy patients with phenobarbital, with beneficial effects for most patients with convulsive seizures. Few cognitive or behavioural adverse events were noted, but formal psychometric testing was not done.
authors.affiliation: Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, People's Republic of China. qgnfbwwz@public.bta.net.cn
authors.forename: W Z
authors.initials: WZ
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: J Z
authors.initials: JZ
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: G Y
authors.initials: GY
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: X Y
authors.initials: XY
authors.lastname: Dai
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: T P
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Yuan
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Hong
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Prilipko
authors.forename: H M
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: de Boer
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Sander
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D003153:Community Health Services; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000453:epidemiology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D012111:Residence Characteristics; D012424:Rural Population; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010634:Phenobarbital