title: Network of dendritic cells within the muscular layer of the mouse intestine.
abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) are located at body surfaces such as the skin, respiratory and genital tracts, and intestine. To further analyze intestinal DCs, we adapted an epidermal sheet separation technique and obtained two intestinal layers, facing the lumen and serosa. Unexpectedly, immunolabeling of the layer toward the serosa revealed a regular, dense, planar network of cells with prominent dendritic morphology within the external muscular layer and with increasing frequency along the length of the intestine. Direct examination of the serosal-disposed layers showed a significant fraction of the DCs to express DEC-205/CD205, CD11c, Langerin/CD207, Fcgamma receptor/CD16/32, CD14, and low levels of activation markers, CD25, CD80, CD86, and CD95. By more sensitive FACS analyses, cells from this layer contained two CD11c(+) populations of CD45(+) CD205(+), CD19(-) leukocytes, MHC II(+) and MHC II(-). When ovalbumin conjugated to an anti-DEC-205 antibody was injected into mice, the conjugate targeted to these DCs, which upon isolation were able to stimulate ovalbumin-specific, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell antigen receptor-transgenic T cells. In vivo, these DCs responded to two microbial stimuli, systemic LPS and oral live bacteria, by up-regulating CD80, CD86, DEC-205, and Langerin within 12 h. This network of DCs thus represents a previously unrecognized antigen-presenting cell system in the intestine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala, Casco de Santo Tomás, 11340, Mexico.
authors.forename: Adriana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Flores-Langarica
authors.forename: Selene
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Meza-Perez
authors.forename: Juana
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Calderon-Amador
authors.forename: Teresa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Estrada-Garcia
authors.forename: Gordon
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: Serge
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lebecque
authors.forename: Sem
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Saeland
authors.forename: Ralph M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Steinman
authors.forename: Leopoldo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Flores-Romo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D000938:Antigen-Presenting Cells; D015703:Antigens, CD / Q000737:chemistry; D018122:B7-1 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D051940:B7-2 Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D039521:CD11c Antigen / Q000096:biosynthesis; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D002469:Cell Separation; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D004492:Edetic Acid; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000166:cytology*; D037181:Lectins, C-Type / Q000737:chemistry; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000737:chemistry; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000737:chemistry; D013997:Time Factors; D015854:Up-Regulation
chemical_list: D015703:Antigens, CD; D018122:B7-1 Antigen; D051940:B7-2 Antigen; D039521:CD11c Antigen; C093569:DEC-205 receptor; D037181:Lectins, C-Type; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D015778:Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; D004492:Edetic Acid