title: P2Y2 receptor activates nerve growth factor/TrkA signaling to enhance neuronal differentiation.
abstract: Neurotrophins are essential for neuronal differentiation, but the onset and the intensity of neurotrophin signaling within the neuronal microenvironment are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that extracellular nucleotides and their cognate receptors regulate neurotrophin-mediated differentiation. We found that 5'-O-(3-thio)triphosphate (ATPgammaS) activation of the G protein-coupled receptor P2Y(2) in the presence of nerve growth factor leads to the colocalization and association of tyrosine receptor kinase A and P2Y(2) receptors and is required for enhanced neuronal differentiation. Consistent with these effects, ATPgammaS promotes phosphorylation of tyrosine receptor kinase A, early response kinase 1/2, and p38, thereby enhancing sensitivity to nerve growth factor and accelerating neurite formation in both PC12 cells and dorsal root ganglion neurons. Genetic or small interfering RNA depletion of P2Y(2) receptors abolished the ATPgammaS-mediated increase in neuronal differentiation. Moreover, in vivo injection of ATPgammaS into the sciatic nerve increased growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), a marker for axonal growth, in wild-type but not P2Y(2)(-/-) mice. The interactions of tyrosine kinase- and P2Y(2)-signaling pathways provide a paradigm for the regulation of neuronal differentiation and suggest a role for P2Y(2) as a morphogen receptor that potentiates neurotrophin signaling in neuronal development and regeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0636, USA.
authors.forename: David B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Arthur
authors.forename: Katerina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Akassoglou
authors.forename: Paul A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Insel
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D019922:GAP-43 Protein / Q000096:biosynthesis; D015151:Immunoblotting; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D051379:Mice; D008856:Microscopy, Fluorescence; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 / Q000378:metabolism; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism*; D016716:PC12 Cells; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology*; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012584:Sciatic Nerve / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013997:Time Factors; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D019922:GAP-43 Protein; C546386:P2ry2 protein, mouse; D034741:RNA, Small Interfering; D018048:Receptors, Purinergic P2; D058473:Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2; C022571:adenosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate); D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020932:Nerve Growth Factor; D019950:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3