title: Incidence of toxigenic fungi and ochratoxin A in dried fruits sold in Brazil.
abstract: A total of 117 dried fruit samples (black sultanas, white sultanas, dates, dried plums, dried figs and apricots) from different origins were analysed both for toxigenic fungi and for the presence of ochratoxin A. Amongst the fungi found, Aspergillus niger was predominant, with 406 isolates, of which 15% were ochratoxin A producers. They were followed by A. ochraceus, with 15 isolates and 87% ochratoxigenics, and A. carbonarius, with only five isolates of which 60% were ochratoxin A producers. The average infection rates for A. niger in black sultanas, plums, figs, dates and white sultanas were 22.0, 8.0, 4.0, 1.5 and 0.5%, respectively. The apricot samples were not contaminated by any fungi or ochratoxin A. Black sultana and dried figs contained the highest contamination with ochratoxin A, with 33 and 26.3% of the samples containing more than 5 microg kg(-1) respectively, while all the white sultanas, dates and plums had no sample that exceeded this limit.
authors.affiliation: Food Technology Institute - ITAL, Campinas-SP, Brazil. beatriz@ital.sp.gov.br
authors.forename: B T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Iamanaka
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Taniwaki
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Menezes
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Vicente
authors.forename: M H P
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Fungaro
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001234:Aspergillus niger / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001235:Aspergillus ochraceus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D001938:Brazil; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000032:analysis*; D030681:Ficus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology; D005506:Food Contamination / Q000032:analysis*; D005516:Food Microbiology; D005519:Food Preservation / Q000379:methods; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000382:microbiology*; D005658:Fungi / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000032:analysis; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000032:analysis*; D027861:Prunus / Q000737:chemistry / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; C025589:ochratoxin A