A RhoGDP dissociation inhibitor spatially regulates growth in root hair cells.
Root hairs are cellular protuberances extending from the root surface into the soil; there they provide access to immobile inorganic ions such as phosphate, which are essential for growth. Their cylindrical shape results from a polarized mechanism of cell expansion called tip growth in which elongation is restricted to a small area at the surface of the hair-forming cell (trichoblast) tip. Here we identify proteins that spatially control the sites at which cell growth occurs by isolating Arabidopsis mutants (scn1) that develop ectopic sites of growth on trichoblasts. We cloned SCN1 and showed that SCN1 is a RhoGTPase GDP dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) that spatially restricts the sites of growth to a single point on the trichoblast. We showed previously that localized production of reactive oxygen species by RHD2/AtrbohC NADPH oxidase is required for hair growth; here we show that SCN1/AtrhoGDI1 is a component of the mechanism that focuses RHD2/AtrbohC-catalysed production of reactive oxygen species to hair tips during wild-type development. We propose that the spatial organization of growth in plant cells requires the local RhoGDI-regulated activation of the RHD2/AtrbohC NADPH oxidase.
Carol
Rachel J
RJ
Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
Takeda
Seiji
S
Linstead
Paul
P
Durrant
Marcus C
MC
Kakesova
Hana
H
Derbyshire
Paul
P
Drea
Sinéad
S
Zarsky
Viktor
V
Dolan
Liam
L
D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009024:Morphogenesis; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019255:NADPH Oxidases / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D010641:Phenotype; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species / Q000378:metabolism; D013489:Suppression, Genetic / Q000235:genetics; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D062948:rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor alpha; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors
C569638:ARHGDIA protein, human; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D020730:Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; D017382:Reactive Oxygen Species; C506817:SCN1 protein, Arabidopsis; D062948:rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor alpha; D062947:rho-Specific Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitors; C473291:Rhd2 protein, Arabidopsis; D019255:NADPH Oxidases; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins