title: Pilot study of angiotensin II receptor blocker in advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We previously demonstrated that an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) had the potential to inhibit cell proliferation of prostate cancer. In this study, we examined whether an ARB could elicit an antiproliferative effect on hormone-refractory prostate cancer, clinically.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-three patients with advanced hormone-refractory prostate cancer who had already received secondary hormonal therapy using dexamethasone, and who were no longer receiving conventional therapy, were enrolled. All of the patients received candesartan 8 mg once daily per os and, simultaneously, androgen ablation. Change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was determined as the primary endpoint. The secondary end-point was change in performance status (PS). To investigate angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor expression in prostate cancer tissue, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed, using specimens, from untreated patients with prostate cancer.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Eight patients (34.8%) showed responsive PSA changes; six showed a decrease immediately after starting administration and two showed a stable level of PSA. Six men with a PSA decline of more than 50% showed an improvement in PS. The mean time to PSA progression (TTPP) in responders was 8.3 months (range, 1-24 months). Half of the patients showed stable or improved PS during treatment. With regard to toxic effects, only one patient showed hypotension during treatment. The RT-PCR showed that AT1 receptor expression in well-differentiated adenocarcinoma was higher than that in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These data showed that an ARB had potential biological effects on prostate cancer, suggesting the usefulness of the cytostatic activity of such agents on recurrent prostate cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokoyama 236-0004, Japan. hu0428@med.yokohama-cu.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroji
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Uemura
authors.forename: Hisashi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hasumi
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kawahara
authors.forename: Shinpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sugiura
authors.forename: Yasuhide
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Miyoshi
authors.forename: Noboru
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Nakaigawa
authors.forename: Jun-ichi
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Teranishi
authors.forename: Kazumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Hitoshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: Yoshinobu
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kubota
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001562:Benzimidazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D019008:Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010865:Pilot Projects; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D018931:Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; D001562:Benzimidazoles; D001713:Biphenyl Compounds; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D044140:Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; D013777:Tetrazoles; D017430:Prostate-Specific Antigen; C081643:candesartan