title: Milk and cheese from cows fed calcium salts of palm and fish oil alone or in combination with soybean products.
abstract: Twenty cows were used in a randomized block design experiment for 6 wk to determine the influence of feeding partial ruminally inert Ca salts of palm and fish oil (Ca-PFO), alone or in combination with extruded full-fat soybeans or soybean oil, on milk fatty acid (FA) methyl esters composition and consumer acceptability of milk and Cheddar cheese. Cows were fed either a diet containing 44% forage and 56% concentrate (control) or a diet supplemented with 2.7% Ca-PFO (FO), 5% extruded full-fat soybeans + 2.7% Ca-PFO (FOESM), or 0.75% soybean oil + 2.7% Ca-PFO (FOSO). Total dietary FA content in the control, FO, FOESM, and FOSO diets were 4.61, 6.28, 6.77, and 6.62 g/100 g, respectively. There was no difference in nutrient intake, milk yield, or milk composition among treatments. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) C(18:2) cis-9, trans-11 isomer, C(18:1) trans-11 (VA), and total n-3 FA in milk from cows on the control, FO, FOESM, and FOSO treatments were 0.56, 1.20, 1.36, and 1.74; 3.29, 4.66, 6.34, and 7.81; 0.62, 0.69, 0.69, and 0.67 g/100 g of FA, respectively. Concentrations of CLA, VA, and total n-3 FA in cheese were similar to milk. A trained sensory panel detected no difference in flavors of milk and cheese, except for acid flavor below a slightly perceptible level in cheese from all treatments. Results suggest that feeding Ca-PFO alone or in combination with extruded full-fat soybeans or soybean oil enhanced the CLA, VA, total unsaturated and n-3 FA in milk and cheese without negatively affecting cow performance and consumer acceptability characteristics of milk and cheese.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, 84322-4815, USA.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Allred
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Dhiman
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Brennand
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Khanal
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: McMahon
authors.forename: N D
authors.initials: ND
authors.lastname: Luchini
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002611:Cheese / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3 / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D006801:Humans; D007774:Lactation; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated / Q000032:analysis; D008892:Milk / Q000737:chemistry*; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000073878:Palm Oil; D010938:Plant Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013024:Soybean Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013025:Glycine max; D013649:Taste
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary; D005227:Fatty Acids; D015525:Fatty Acids, Omega-3; D005395:Fish Oils; D044243:Linoleic Acids, Conjugated; D009829:Oleic Acids; D010938:Plant Oils; D000073878:Palm Oil; D013024:Soybean Oil; C050413:11-octadecenoic acid