title: Slatted floors and solid floors: stress and strain on the bovine hoof capsule analyzed in finite element analysis.
abstract: An established finite element model of a bovine claw was used to compare mechanical stress levels in a loaded model claw on different types of flooring. The following situations were compared: a claw standing on a solid floor, a claw standing on the edge of a short tie stand, and claws standing on slatted floors with slats of 28 and 40 mm (wide) running parallel and perpendicular to the claw axis. Finite element analysis allowed visualization of stress peaks seen predominantly in the weight-bearing border of the dorsal abaxial wall and of the bulbar region and in the proximal axial wall. Maximum stress values of 13 MPa were found in the model claw loaded on the solid floor and values of 18 to 22 MPa were seen in the model claw loaded on the edge of the solid floor. On slatted floors, stresses increased in the situation in which the claw was not supported under the abaxial wall. Comparison between the other slatted floors showed little difference in amounts of mechanical stress. A clear distinction was detected between the solid floor with full claw contact and the slatted floors. From the point of view of the mechanical stress seen in finite element analysis, a large contact area between claw and floor, as seen in the solid surface floor, is preferable. When use of slatted floors is unavoidable, direction of the slats should run perpendicular to the direction of the walkway to prevent even more mechanical impact in certain footing situations.
authors.affiliation: Clinic for Orthopaedics in Ungulates, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria. chri@vet-hiho.at
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Hinterhofer
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ferguson
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Apprich
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stanek
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D004548:Elasticity; D006724:Hoof and Claw / Q000502:physiology*; D006799:Housing, Animal; D008954:Models, Biological; D013314:Stress, Mechanical