title: CpG DNA/zymosan complex to enhance cytokine secretion owing to the cocktail effect.
abstract: Zymosan, classified among beta-(1-->3)-d-glucans, is produced from the cell wall of yeast and well known to induce proinflammatory cytokines when ingested by immune cells. We found that zymosan forms a complex with immunostimulatory CpG DNA, where both zymosan and CpG DNA can induce cytokine secretion according to the different mechanisms (i.e., recognized by different receptors). The complex activated macrophages and induced cytokine secretion, more efficiently than separate administration of zymosan or CpG DNA. Microscopic observation showed that this increment of the cytokine secretion can be explained by the fact that zymosan and zymosan/CpG DNA complex are up-taken more than naked CpG DNA. Additionally, existence of two different immunostimulants in the same cells may enhance the immunoresponse. This report presents a new strategy to construct a delivering vehicle for CpG DNA and to enhance its activity with the 'cocktail effect' of the two immunostimulants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Processes and Environments, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan. anada@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
authors.forename: Takahisa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Anada
authors.forename: Naoko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Jusaku
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Minari
authors.forename: Ryouji
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Karinaga
authors.forename: Masami
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mizu
authors.forename: Kazuya
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Koumoto
authors.forename: Seiji
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.forename: Kazuo
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sakurai
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D004247:DNA; D015054:Zymosan