title: A LabVIEW model incorporating an open-loop arterial impedance and a closed-loop circulatory system.
abstract: While numerous computer models exist for the circulatory system, many are limited in scope, contain unwanted features or incorporate complex components specific to unique experimental situations. Our purpose was to develop a basic, yet multifaceted, computer model of the left heart and systemic circulation in LabVIEW having universal appeal without sacrificing crucial physiologic features. The program we developed employs Windkessel-type impedance models in several open-loop configurations and a closed-loop model coupling a lumped impedance and ventricular pressure source. The open-loop impedance models demonstrate afterload effects on arbitrary aortic pressure/flow inputs. The closed-loop model catalogs the major circulatory waveforms with changes in afterload, preload, and left heart properties. Our model provides an avenue for expanding the use of the ventricular equations through closed-loop coupling that includes a basic coronary circuit. Tested values used for the afterload components and the effects of afterload parameter changes on various waveforms are consistent with published data. We conclude that this model offers the ability to alter several circulatory factors and digitally catalog the most salient features of the pressure/flow waveforms employing a user-friendly platform. These features make the model a useful instructional tool for students as well as a simple experimental tool for cardiovascular research.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 150 MacNider Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Lucas
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Cascio
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001011:Aorta / Q000502:physiology*; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000502:physiology*; D017097:Electric Impedance; D006801:Humans; D008955:Models, Cardiovascular; D016276:Ventricular Function