title: Bispecific and human disease-related anti-keratin rabbit monoclonal antibodies.
abstract: Rabbit antibodies may have favorable properties compared to mouse antibodies, including high affinities and better antigen recognition. We used a biochemical and reverse immunologic approach to generate and characterize rabbit anti-phospho-keratin and anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies (MAb). Human keratins 8 and 18 (K8/K18) were used as immunogens after isolation from cells pretreated with okadaic acid or pervanadate to promote Ser/Thr or Tyr hyperphosphorylation, respectively. Selected rabbit MAb were tested by immunofluorescence staining, immunoprecipitation, and 2-dimensional gels. Keratin phospho and non-phospho-mutants were used for detailed characterization of two unique antibodies. One antibody recognizes a K8 G61-containing epitope, an important epitope given that K8 G61C is a frequent mutation in human liver diseases. This antibody binds K8 that is not phosphorylated on S73, but its binding is ablated by G61 but not S73 mutation. The second antibody is bispecific in that it simultaneously recognizes two epitopes: one phospho (K8 pS431) conformation-independent and one non-phospho conformation-dependent, with both epitopes residing in the K8 tail domain. Therefore, a reverse immunologic and biochemical approach is a viable tool for generating versatile rabbit MAb for a variety of cell biologic applications including the potential identification of physiologic phosphorylation sites.
authors.affiliation: Palo Alto VA Medical Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Mail code 154J, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
authors.forename: Guo-Zhong
authors.initials: GZ
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Nakamichi
authors.forename: Nam-On
authors.initials: NO
authors.lastname: Ku
authors.forename: Jing
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Frolkis
authors.forename: Xiaosong
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Weimin
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Zhu
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pytela
authors.forename: M Bishr
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Omary
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific / Q000276:immunology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D002460:Cell Line; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D006224:Cricetinae; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000939:Epitopes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D019073:HT29 Cells; D006801:Humans; D015151:Immunoblotting; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D053538:Keratin-18; D053533:Keratin-8; D007633:Keratins / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*; D007668:Kidney / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry / Q000166:cytology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics; D019319:Okadaic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011817:Rabbits; D012694:Serine / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014162:Transfection; D014611:Vaccination; D014638:Vanadates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D018033:Antibodies, Bispecific; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D000939:Epitopes; C488421:KRT18 protein, human; C426203:KRT8 protein, human; D053538:Keratin-18; D053533:Keratin-8; C076715:pervanadate; D019319:Okadaic Acid; D014638:Vanadates; D012694:Serine; D007633:Keratins