title: Vascular endothelial growth factor in coronary sinus: evidence for its association with coronary collaterals.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To explore whether local growth factors concentration, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor beta one (TGF-beta(1)), influence the formation of coronary collaterals.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients scheduled for coronary angiography received a 6F Goodale-Lubin catheterization to collect blood from the coronary sinus (CS) and right atrium (RA).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with coronary collaterals had a higher number of diseased vessels (2.6+/-0.2 vs. 1.4+/-0.3, p = 0.005), higher percentage of severity of stenosis (93+/-2 vs. 48+/-8, P < 0.001) and higher VEGF concentrations in CS (38.9+/-3.9 pg/ml vs. 20.8+/-1.4 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and in RA (31.7+/-3.1 pg/ml vs. 22.0+/-2.3 pg/ml, p = 0.004). There was no significant relationship between coronary collateral formation and TGF-beta(1) concentration. By binary logistic regression analysis, VEGF concentrations in CS (p = 0.030) and stenosis severity (p = 0.042) are correlated positively with collateral formation.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The association between local, endogenous secretion of VEGF and coronary collateral formation is compatible with a paracrine role for this growth factor in pathophysiologic collateral formation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Tsung-Hsien
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: Hsueh-Wei
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Yen
authors.forename: Wen-Chol
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Voon
authors.forename: Ho-Ming
authors.initials: HM
authors.lastname: Su
authors.forename: Ye-Hsu
authors.initials: YH
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Wen-Ter
authors.initials: WT
authors.lastname: Lai
authors.forename: Sheng-Hsiung
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Sheu
mesh_terms: D003097:Collateral Circulation / Q000502:physiology*; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D023921:Coronary Stenosis / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism*; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: C508960:TGFB1 protein, human; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D053773:Transforming Growth Factor beta1; D042442:Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors