title: Risk of death for children with down syndrome and sepsis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine differences in case fatality rates between children with and without Down syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database, which includes demographic and diagnostic data from freestanding children's hospitals. Using Poisson regression, we determined the risk of mortality from sepsis for children with Down syndrome, after controlling for potential confounding factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 35,645 patients met our inclusion criteria, of which 3936 (11%) died during hospitalization. Altogether, 620 of the included patients also had a diagnosis of Down syndrome; 106 (17%) of these died during hospitalization. Children with Down syndrome had significantly elevated risk of mortality (mortality rate ratio = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.06 to 1.59) after adjusting for potential confounding factors including demographics, pathogens, and concomitant conditions.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with Down syndrome and sepsis have elevated risk of mortality. These findings have implications for treatment decisions, communications about prognosis, and future research.
authors.affiliation: Child Health Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-4920, USA. garrison@u.washington.edu
authors.forename: Michelle M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Garrison
authors.forename: Howard
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jeffries
authors.forename: Dimitri A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Christakis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000276:immunology / Q000401:mortality*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D016012:Poisson Distribution; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D018805:Sepsis / Q000150:complications / Q000401:mortality*; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology