title: Acute effects of nicotine on attention and response inhibition.
abstract: Smoking is highly prevalent among patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Previous studies using the reversed continuous performance task (R-CPT) have suggested that nicotine reduces inattention. Since especially adults with ADHD have been claimed to suffer from a core deficit in inhibitory control, this study aimed at determining whether nicotine improves response inhibition in addition to attention. Sixteen healthy regular smokers participated in a pre/post treatment design in which transdermal patches containing 7 and 21 mg nicotine per day were administered in a counterbalanced, double-blind manner. In a second study, patches containing 0 mg (placebo) and 21 mg per day were administered to a different group of regular smokers. For replication purposes, the R-CPT and the profile of mood states (POMS) were administered. Furthermore, a different version of the continuous performance task (CPT-AX) and the stop-signal task, traditionally used to measure response inhibition, were presented. The high dose of nicotine was found to relieve self-reported Depression in Study 1 and Fatigue in Study 2. Performance data indicated acute effects of nicotine on attention-related, but not on inhibition-related measures. Especially the comparison with placebo revealed decreases in reaction time and variability of responding. The results imply that patients with ADHD smoke to reduce inattention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychopharmacology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands. embekker@ucdavis.edu
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Bekker
authors.forename: K B E
authors.initials: KB
authors.lastname: Böcker
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Van Hunsel
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: van den Berg
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Kenemans
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D001288:Attention / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011930:Reaction Time; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis
chemical_list: D009538:Nicotine