title: Sensorimotor performance in school-age children with autism, developmental language disorder, or low IQ.
abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of 'soft' motor deficits in school-aged children with either developmental language disorder (DLD), autism (with high IQ [HiAD] or low IQ [LoAD]), or low IQ without autism (LoIQ), and to evaluate the utility of a refined neurological examination to discriminate between these groups. A total of 242 children (74% male), aged 7 or 9 years, were evaluated as part of a longitudinal, multi-institutional study, with a standardized neurological examination that included Denckla's Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs. Most of the scores separated children into two groups defined by nonverbal IQ, with the DLD and HiAD groups performing better than the LoAD and LoIQ groups. Exceptions included motor impersistence and stereotypies, which were more likely in the autistic groups. The neurologists' summary clinical impressions indicated better sensory/motor skills, oromotor skills, and praxis in the HiAD than in the DLD children. Inability/unwillingness to perform tasks was much more frequent in LoAD than LoIQ children.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI, USA. David_Mandelbaum@brown.edu
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Mandelbaum
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stevens
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: Max
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wiznitzer
authors.forename: Mitchell
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Steinschneider
authors.forename: Pauline
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Filipek
authors.forename: Isabelle
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Rapin
mesh_terms: D001321:Autistic Disorder / Q000453:epidemiology*; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000453:epidemiology*; D007805:Language Development Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009048:Motor Skills; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009460:Neurologic Examination; D009468:Neuromuscular Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*; D009475:Neurons, Afferent / Q000502:physiology; D015995:Prevalence