title: Timing of retroviral infection influences anamnestic immune response in vaccinated primates.
abstract: Using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus macaques to model human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of humans, we assessed whether broadly reactive vaccine-induced humoral immunity would remain broadly reactive after viral challenge, and whether there would be significant differences in anamnestic antibody responses if animals were challenged when predominately effector or memory lymphocyte populations were present. Animals immunized over a prolonged period and challenged 11 months after vaccination mounted more broadly reactive and stronger humoral immunity than those rapidly vaccinated and challenged 2 weeks after their final vaccinations. These data suggest that vaccination schedule and the timing of virus challenge should be considered when evaluating future candidate HIV vaccines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Anil
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Singapuri
authors.forename: Kyung Hee
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Kang
authors.forename: David C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Montefiori
authors.forename: José V
authors.initials: JV
authors.lastname: Torres
mesh_terms: D016915:AIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D015483:HIV Antibodies / Q000097:blood; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000276:immunology; D007115:Immunization Schedule; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D016097:Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000276:immunology / Q000517:prevention & control* / Q000821:virology; D015302:Simian Immunodeficiency Virus / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000276:immunology; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D016915:AIDS Vaccines; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D018449:SAIDS Vaccines; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins