title: Presence of tetrodotoxin and tetrodotoxin-producing bacteria in freshwater sediments.
abstract: The occurrence of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in sediment from Lake Suwa, Japan, was confirmed by a tissue culture assay, high-performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Altogether, 17 TTX-producing bacteria belonging to five genera were isolated from Lake Suwa and Pond Inokasira. Our results indicate that TTX and TTX-producing bacteria occur even in freshwater environments.
authors.affiliation: Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113, and Tokyo College of Pharmacy, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, Japan.
authors.forename: H K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Do
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hamasaki
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ohwada
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Simidu
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shida
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kogure