title: Development and characterization of an animal model of dental sinusitis.
abstract: CONCLUSIONS
  The results of this study confirm that the present rabbit model of dental maxillary sinusitis (dMxS) is reproducible and simulates human dental sinusitis with respect to initiation, progression and inflammation. It is applicable to further studies of sinusitis of odontogenic origin.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To induce acute dMxS in rabbits by using their own oral microflora to create a periapical infection and to follow morphological, radiographic, bacteriological and histological changes to the sinus mucosa.
  
  
  METHODS
  The experimental animals comprised 26 New Zealand White rabbits. Maxillary premolar root canals were identified bilaterally and the continuously growing germs of the roots were severed by diathermy. The animals were randomized into 2 groups: in Group 1 (n=20) the teeth were left open for the entire study period; in Group 2 (n=6) the root canals were sealed 1 week after the initial intervention. The animals in Group 1 were sacrificed at intervals ranging from 2 h to 9 months after intervention. All animals in Group 2 were sacrificed 6 months after intervention. After macroscopic and radiographic examination, post-mortem inspection of the paranasal sinus cavity and maxillary complex and microbiological sampling, the entire nasal sinus complex with the hard palate in situ was resected and processed for serial coronal sectioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In Group 1, after 3 months, the radiographic changes ranged from widening of the periodontal space to bone reaction. At sacrifice, changes in the sinus mucosa ranged from signs of mucosal inflammation to purulent dMxS. Microbial growth, predominantly Gram-negative aerobes, increased over time. In Group 2, the findings were generally more pronounced. Anaerobic microorganisms were predominant. In both groups the findings were consistent with dMxS.
authors.affiliation: Department of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. Karin.Garming.Legert@ofa.ki.se
authors.forename: K  Garming
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Legert
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Melén
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heimdahl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Stierna
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006088:Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; D006089:Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; D016905:Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008443:Maxillary Sinus / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D015523:Maxillary Sinusitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology; D009055:Mouth / Q000382:microbiology; D011817:Rabbits; D011859:Radiography; D019227:Tooth Apex / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology