title: Liver allograft radiotherapy to treat rejection in children: efficacy in orthotopic liver transplantation and long-term safety.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We studied, retrospectively, the efficacy to control rejection and long-term safety of liver allograft radiotherapy (RT) performed in 14 children. Long-term safety data were collected with the prospect of possible use of RT in liver cell transplantation (LCT).
  
  
  METHODS
  Immune suppression included cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone. In case of intractable rejection, low-dose allograft RT was administered daily for 3 days, and short-term efficacy was evaluated by liver enzyme assays and histology. The long-term outcome was compared with that of 122 patients undergone transplantation and who had similar treatment, but no RT.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Survival at 15 years was 71.4% vs 69.7% in the comparison group. In the RT group, rejection control was complete in six of 14 children and partial in two, all being alive and well 14-18 years later. Ten of 14 children had follow-up biopsy. Six children had normal histology and four had mild unspecific fibrosis. The long-term follow-up biopsy in the comparison group showed fibrosis in 42 of 85 children. The incidence of complications was similar in both groups.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This series shows that, such a RT regimen appeared to be efficient and safe as a rescue treatment for acute rejection. Provided that further investigations in animal models show a certain benefit of low-dose irradiation around LCT, such a regimen could be proposed in human liver cell transplant programmes.
authors.affiliation: Département de Pédiatrie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques St. Luc, Brussels, Belgium.
authors.forename: Xavier
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Stephenne
authors.forename: Mustapha
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Najimi
authors.forename: Magda
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Janssen
authors.forename: Raymond
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reding
authors.forename: Jean
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: de Ville de Goyet
authors.forename: Etienne M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Sokal
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006084:Graft Rejection / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000401:mortality / Q000532:radiotherapy*; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007223:Infant; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D011878:Radiotherapy / Q000009:adverse effects; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D016879:Salvage Therapy; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents