title: Cardiovascular fitness and physical activity in children with and without impaired glucose tolerance.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine differences in cardiovascular fitness (VO(2max)) and physical activity levels in overweight Hispanic children with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) vs impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 173 overweight (BMI percentile 97.0 +/- 3.1) Hispanic children ages 8-13 years with a family history of type 2 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  VO(2max) was measured via a maximal effort treadmill test and open circuit spirometry. Physical activity was determined by questionnaire. Glucose tolerance was established by a 2-h oral glucose challenge (1.75 g of glucose/kg body weight). IGT was defined from an oral glucose tolerance test as a 2-h plasma glucose level > or =140 and <200 mg/dl.
  
  
  RESULTS
  IGT was detected in 46 of the 173 participants (approximately 27%); no cases of type 2 diabetes were identified. No significant differences were found between youth with NGT and those with IGT in absolute VO(2max) (2.2 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.5 l/min), VO(2max) adjusted for gender, age, and body composition (2.2 +/- 0.2 vs 2.1 +/- 0.2 l/min), or recreational physical activity levels (8.7 +/- 8.2 vs 6.9 +/- 6.2 h/week).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overweight Hispanic youth with IGT exhibit similar levels of VO(2max) and physical activity compared to their NGT counterparts. Longitudinal analyses are necessary to determine whether fitness/activity measures contribute significantly to diabetes risk over time in this group.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, USA.
authors.forename: G Q
authors.initials: GQ
authors.lastname: Shaibi
authors.forename: G D C
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Ball
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Cruz
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Weigensberg
authors.forename: G J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Salem
authors.forename: M I
authors.initials: MI
authors.lastname: Goran
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D001823:Body Composition; D002648:Child; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000235:genetics; D015444:Exercise; D005080:Exercise Test / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease; D018149:Glucose Intolerance / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D009043:Motor Activity; D050177:Overweight / Q000502:physiology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010809:Physical Fitness; D011236:Prediabetic State / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin