title: Effect of physical activity on functional status among older middle-age adults with arthritis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effect of leisure time and work-related physical activity on changes in physical functioning among 3,554 nationally representative survey respondents, ages 53-63 years in 1994, with arthritis and joint symptoms, interviewed in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS).
  
  
  METHODS
  In 1992-1994, light and vigorous exercise items were empirically categorized into recommended, insufficient, and inactive leisure time physical activity levels using data from the HRS. Leisure and work-related physical activity levels in 1994 were used to predict 1996 functional decline or improvement, controlling for baseline functional difficulties, health status, sociodemographic characteristics, and behavioral risk factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Whereas 29.7% of respondents reported functional declines in 1996, 38.6% of those with baseline difficulties in 1994 reported improvement. Compared with inactive respondents, recommended and insufficient leisure time physical activity were equally protective against functional decline (odds ratio [OR] 0.59 and 0.62, respectively; P < 0.0001). Higher levels of physical activity were also modestly associated with functional improvement among respondents with baseline functional difficulties (OR 1.47, P = 0.05 and OR 1.45, P = 0.01, respectively). Work-related physical activity was not a significant predictor of decline or improvement.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Given the high prevalence of arthritis, even modest increases in rates of lifestyle physical activity among older adults could make a substantial contribution to disability-free life expectancy.
authors.affiliation: Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. j-feinglass@northwestern.edu
authors.forename: Joe
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Feinglass
authors.forename: Jason A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Thompson
authors.forename: Xiaoxing Z
authors.initials: XZ
authors.lastname: He
authors.forename: Whitney
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: Rowland W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: David W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Baker
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D001168:Arthritis / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004185:Disability Evaluation; D004651:Employment; D015444:Exercise; D005260:Female; D015438:Health Behavior; D006801:Humans; D007899:Leisure Activities; D008019:Life Style; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged