title: Concentration of interferon-inducible T cell chemoattractant and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Lyme borreliosis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Chronic inflammation in Lyme borreliosis may be sustained by aberrant inflammatory response, characterized by Th1 lymphocyte predominance, which in turn may be determined by chemokines synthesized in inflammatory focus. The aim of the study was to evaluate synthesis of chemokines: interferon-induced T cell chemoattractant (I-TAC--chemoattractant for Th1 lymphocytes), and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in Lyme borreliosis.
  
  
  METHODS
  Study group consisted of 13 patients with erythema migrans, 10 with Lyme arthritis and 6 with neuroborreliosis. Serum, as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neuroborreliosis, was obtained before (examination 1) and during (examination 2) antibiotic treatment. Control serum was obtained from 8 healthy volunteers and control csf from 8 patients in whom meningitis and neuroborreliosis was excluded after diagnostic lumbar puncture. The samples were assayed for MCP-1 and I-TAC by ELISA.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Serum mean I-TAC concentration in examination 1 was 73.0 pg/ml in erythema migrans, 78.9 pg/ml in Lyme arthritis and 87.3 pg/ml in neuroborreliosis (29.9 pg/ml in controls, difference significant for neuroborreliosis) and did not change significantly in examination 2. MCP-1 serum concentration was significantly increased to 497.5 pg/ml in neuroborreliosis in examination 2. I-TAC concentration in csf remained low, while MCP-1 concentration in examination 1 was increased to 589.1 pg/ml, significantly higher than simultaneously in serum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  I-TAC synthesis is increased in Lyme borreliosis and may be a factor favoring predominance of Th1 lymphocyte subset. MCP-1 creates chemotactic gradient towards central nervous system and may contribute to csf pleocytosis in neuroborreliosis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University of Białystok, Poland. neuroin@amb.edu.pl
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Grygorczuk
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Zajkowska
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Swierzbińska
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pancewicz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kondrusik
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hermanowska-Szpakowicz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001898:Borrelia / Q000472:pathogenicity; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D019743:Chemokines, CXC / Q000097:blood* / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D002633:Chemotaxis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D020852:Lyme Neuroborreliosis / Q000097:blood / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: C515202:CXCL11 protein, human; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D054371:Chemokine CXCL11; D019743:Chemokines, CXC; D002630:Chemotactic Factors