title: Prevalence of injecting drug use and associated risk behavior among regular ecstasy users in Australia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of injecting drug use and associated risk behaviour among a sentinel sample of ecstasy users.
  
  
  METHODS
  Cross-sectional surveys were conducted with regular ecstasy users as part of an annual monitoring study of ecstasy and related drug markets in all Australian capital cities.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Twenty-three percent of the sample reported having ever injected a drug and 15% reported injecting in the 6 months preceding interview. Independent predictors of lifetime injection were older age, unemployment and having ever been in prison. Completion of secondary school and identifying as heterosexual was associated with a lower likelihood of having ever injected. Participants who had recently injected typically did so infrequently; only 9% reported daily injecting. Methamphetamine was the most commonly injected drug. Prevalence of needle sharing was low (6%), although half (47%) reported sharing other injecting equipment in the preceding 6 months.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ecstasy users who report having injected a drug at some time appear to be demographically different to ecstasy users who have not injected although neither are they typical of other drug injectors. The current investigation suggests that ongoing monitoring of injecting among regular ecstasy users is warranted.
authors.affiliation: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia. Bethany@burnet.edu.au
authors.forename: Bethany
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: White
authors.forename: Carolyn
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: Louisa
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Degenhardt
authors.forename: Stuart
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kinner
authors.forename: Craig
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fry
authors.forename: Raimondo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Johnston
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019969:Amphetamine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology*; D001315:Australia; D015897:Comorbidity; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006213:Hallucinogens; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006526:Hepatitis C / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D007406:Interview, Psychological; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008694:Methamphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D011159:Population Surveillance; D012309:Risk-Taking; D012725:Sexual Behavior; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014505:Urban Population / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D006213:Hallucinogens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D013287:Illicit Drugs; D008694:Methamphetamine; D018817:N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine