title: Long-term mortality in a nationwide cohort of childhood-onset type 1 diabetic patients in Norway.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  We examined long-term total and cause-specific mortality in a nationwide, population-based Norwegian cohort of patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.
  
  
  METHODS
  All Norwegian type 1 diabetic patients who were diagnosed between 1973 and 1982 and were under 15 years of age at diagnosis were included (n=1,906). Mortality was recorded from diabetes onset until 31 December 2002 and represented 46,147 person-years. The greatest age attained among deceased subjects was 40 years and the maximum diabetes duration was 30 years. Cause of death was ascertained by reviews of death certificates, autopsy protocols and medical records. The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) was based on national background statistics.
  
  
  RESULTS
  During follow-up 103 individuals died. The mortality rate was 2.2/1000 person-years. The overall SMR was 4.0 (95% CI 3.2-4.8) and was similar for males and females. For ischaemic heart disease the SMR was 20.2 (7.3-39.8) for men and 20.6 (1.8-54.1) for women. Acute metabolic complications of diabetes were the most common cause of death under 30 years of age (32%). Cardiovascular disease was responsible for the largest proportion of deaths from the age of 30 years onwards (30%). Violent death accounted for 28% of the deaths in the total cohort (35% among men and 11% among women).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Childhood-onset type 1 diabetes still carries an increased mortality risk when compared with the general population, particularly for cardiovascular disease. To reduce these deaths, attention should be directed to the prevention of acute metabolic complications, the identification of psychiatric vulnerability and the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital, N-0407 Oslo, Norway. torild.skrivarhaug@medisin.uio.no
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Skrivarhaug
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bangstad
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Stene
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sandvik
authors.forename: K F
authors.initials: KF
authors.lastname: Hanssen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Joner
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D002423:Cause of Death; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000401:mortality; D009664:Norway / Q000453:epidemiology; D012307:Risk Factors