title: Treatment and survival of patients with thyroid lymphoma: a population-based study with clinical and pathologic reviews.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical and histologic features, and patterns of outcome of thyroid lymphomas.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective population-based survey of 38 patients with thyroid lymphoma was taken. Median age was 69 years (range, 33-87 years), with a 1:4 female predominance. Fifty percent of cases had a history of autoimmune thyroiditis, and coexistent thyroiditis was found in 67% of cases in which preexistent thyroid tissue was present. The most common subtype was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; 63%) followed by extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (ENMZL; 29%). Ten of the patients with DLBCL showed a concomitant low-grade mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue component, and 4 cases of aggressive ENMZL were diagnosed. At diagnosis, 22 patients (58%) had localized disease, and 41% had low-risk international prognostic index scores.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Therapy was diverse and included all possible treatment modalities, none of which showed superiority. A complete clinical response was exhibited in 64% of patients, 14% exhibited a partial response, and 22% developed progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 43 months (range, 0-240 months), 15 patients had relapsed or developed progressive disease. Two-year overall survival rate was 59% for all patients, 68% for patients with localized disease, and 47% for patients with disseminated lymphoma.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Many thyroid lymphomas have clinical and histologic features characteristic of ENMZL and belong to this specific clinicopathologic entity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Bernhoven Hospital, Oss.
authors.forename: Marion J J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kuper-Hommel
authors.forename: Simone
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Snijder
authors.forename: Maryska L G
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Jansen-Heijnen
authors.forename: Art
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vreugdenhil
authors.forename: Ed M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Noordijk
authors.forename: Hanneke C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Kluin-Nelemans
authors.forename: Jan Willem W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Coebergh
authors.forename: Johan H J M
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: van Krieken
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000628:therapy*