title: [Advance directives in the prehospital setting -- emergency physicians' attitudes].
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The German physician based emergency medical system (EMS) might confront physicians with advance directives in the field. A multi-question survey was used to evaluate emergency physicians' experience with advance directives in the prehospital setting and to assess their attitudes towards forms and statements of advance directives.
  
  
  METHODS
  A questionnaire was mailed to the members of the Association of Emergency Physicians of Northern Germany ("AGNN"), an interest group of emergency physicians, in 2001.
  
  
  RESULTS
  511 emergency physicians (50,4 % of the AGNN members) filled in the questionnaire completely and sent it back for evaluation. 75 % of the participants were working as emergency physicians at present, 72 % had emergency experiences of more than 5 years. One third had previously dealt with advance directives in the prehospital setting. 77 % of these physicians thought advance directives generally helpful. Nevertheless 88 % based their management on the context of the individual circumstances (e. g. emergency conditions, underlying diseases, expected prognosis), only 7 % said they would always exactly follow the statements of the directive. In the view of the emergency physicians the advance directive should contain information on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR: 88 %), intensive care-treatment (75 %) and preclinical emergency treatment (55 %). Information on underlying diseases (87 %) and a legal substitute (84 %) should be contained as well. As formal requirements, 47 % of the physicians wanted the family doctor to be involved, 49 % desired a notary authenticity confirmation, additionally or solely. Pragmatically, the advance directive should be kept with the personal documents (84 %). A regular reconfirmation was deemed necessary (twice to once a year: 64 %). The current legal situation was regarded as unclear by 81 % of the emergency physicians, 85 % favored a unique, officially authorized type of directive.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The high number of returned questionnaires shows the importance of the topic "advance directives" for emergency physicians. Despite some practical and legal problems, a big majority of the experienced emergency physicians in this survey thought the advance directives in the prehospital setting to be helpful. A clear statement on resuscitation as well as simplification of the many existing types of directives are the most essential requirements demanded by the emergency physicians. A solution could be the creation of an extra "emergency advance directive".
authors.affiliation: Zentrum Anästhesiologie, Rettungs- und Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Gerth
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kettler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Mohr
mesh_terms: D001291:Attitude of Health Personnel; D003625:Data Collection; D004282:Documentation; D004632:Emergency Medical Services; D004635:Emergency Medicine; D005858:Germany; D017408:Guidelines as Topic; D006801:Humans; D010820:Physicians; D010821:Physicians, Family; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires