title: Occupational risk factors for nasopharyngeal cancer among female textile workers in Shanghai, China.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether occupational exposure to dusts and chemicals in the Chinese textile industry are associated with risk of nasopharyngeal cancer.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixty seven nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases identified during 1989-98 and a random sample (n = 3188) of women were included in a case cohort study nested in a cohort of 267,400 women textile workers in Shanghai, China. A complete occupational history of work in the textile industry was obtained for each woman. A job exposure matrix developed by experienced industrial hygienists was used to assess exposures to specific dusts and chemicals.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Risk of NPC is associated with cumulative exposure to cotton dust. The hazard ratio for women cumulatively exposed to >143.4 mg/m3 x years of cotton dust was 3.6 (95% CI 1.8 to 7.2) compared with unexposed women. Trends of increasing risk were also found with increasing duration of exposure to acids and caustics (p = 0.05), and with years worked in dyeing processes (p = 0.06). Women who worked at least 10 years in dyeing processes had a 3.6-fold excess risk of NPC (95% CI 1.0 to 12.1).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Occupational exposure to cotton dust, acids, and caustics, and work in dyeing and printing jobs in the textile industry may have increased risk of NPC in this cohort.
authors.affiliation: Program in Epidemiology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Ray
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Fitzgibbons
authors.forename: N S
authors.initials: NS
authors.lastname: Seixas
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Camp
authors.forename: K J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Wernli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Astrakianakis
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Feng
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Checkoway
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D002681:China / Q000453:epidemiology; D004391:Dust / Q000032:analysis; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D004784:Environmental Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D062665:Epidemiological Monitoring; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009303:Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D016273:Occupational Exposure / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000032:analysis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D013783:Textile Industry
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D004731:Endotoxins