title: Intense exercise induces the degradation of adenine nucleotide and purine nucleotide synthesis via de novo pathway in the rat liver.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of intense exercise on the metabolism of adenine nucleotides in the liver. In the first experiment, to determine the degradation of adenine nucleotides, hepatic adenine nucleotides of rats were labeled by an intraperitoneal administration of 15N-labeled adenine the day before treadmill running to exhaustion. In the second experiment, to determine the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides after intense exercise, 14C-glycine was intraperitoneally administered to rats performing intense running on a treadmill. In the first experiment, hepatic levels of ATP and total adenine nucleotides showed a reduction immediately after exercise. In contrast, hepatic levels of AMP, adenosine, hypoxanthine and uric acid showed an increase immediately after exercise. The hepatic 15N level continued to decline during the recovery period after exercise. Urinary excretion of 15N-urate was 40% higher in the exercised rats than in the control rats. In the second experiment, the radioactivity of 14C detected in the fraction of hepatic urate and allantoin was approximately 300% higher in the exercised rats than in the control rats. 14C-radioactivity that excreted into urine as urate and allantoin was approximately 200% higher in the exercised rats. Intense exercise led to the degradation of hepatic adenine nucleotides, which were not utilized for the re-synthesis of nucleotide and further degraded to hypoxanthine or uric acid. Intense exercise induced the synthesis of purine nucleotides in the liver via a de novo pathway and these synthesized nucleotides were also degraded to nucleosides and excreted into urine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health and Sports Science, Nippon Medical School, 2-297-2 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, 211-0063, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. mikami@nms.ac.jp
authors.forename: Toshio
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mikami
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kitagawa
mesh_terms: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism*; D000481:Allantoin / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D005998:Glycine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D019271:Hypoxanthine / Q000097:blood; D007288:Inosine / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D005082:Physical Exertion / Q000502:physiology*; D011685:Purine Nucleotides / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D051381:Rats; D017208:Rats, Wistar; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D002250:Carbon Radioisotopes; D009587:Nitrogen Isotopes; D011685:Purine Nucleotides; D014527:Uric Acid; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D000481:Allantoin; D007288:Inosine; D005998:Glycine