title: Management of hepatocellular carcinoma in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.
abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting from chronic infection with hepatitis B or C virus (HBV, HCV) is a significant health problem. Concurrent infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may accelerate the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Current guidelines advise screening patients with cirrhosis at 6-month intervals using ultrasonography and measurement of alpha-fetoprotein levels. In early-stage HCC, resection and liver transplantation are curative, as is percutaneous ethanol injection for small tumours in patients who are not candidates for surgery. HIV-infected patients do not qualify for liver transplantation. For late-stage HCC, chemoembolization can improve survival. Prevention of hepatitis and cirrhosis are key goals in reducing the impact of HCC. Numerous issues in HCC prevention, diagnosis, and management still remain to be resolved through large-scale, randomized clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. r.bruno@smatteo.pv.it
authors.forename: Raffaele
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Bruno
authors.forename: Massimo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Puoti
authors.forename: Paolo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sacchi
authors.forename: Carlo
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Filice
authors.forename: Giampiero
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Carosi
authors.forename: Gaetano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Filice
mesh_terms: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000150:complications*; D015497:HIV-1; D006498:Hepatectomy; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents