title: Comparing ultrasound measurements of neonatal hips using the methods of Graf and Terjesen.
abstract: In a prospective study, 232 neonates were examined sonographically using the methods of Graf and Terjesen. In order to determine the reproducibility of the methods, 50 hips were evaluated by two skilled examiners. In an inter-observer study, five physicians and five medical students evaluated 24 images, which were evaluated on ten occasions at two-weekly intervals by one of the authors. Statistical evaluation used the Bland-Altman approach. The neonates (110 females, 122 males) were less than four days old. The mean alpha angle was 62.4 degrees and mean femoral head cover was 55.4%. According to Graf's method, 1.3% of hips were pathological, compared with 4.1% according to Terjesen. Spearman's correlation coefficient between femoral head cover and alpha angles was 0.552. The Bland-Altman approach shows greater variation for femoral head cover than for alpha, if measured by experienced examiners. The Bland-Altman approach shows almost equal reproducibility for alpha and femoral head cover in the inter-observer test, but better repeatability for alpha in the intra-observer test. The Graf results relate better than Terjesen's to the well-known frequency of 1% to 2% hip dysplasia in the European population. Kappa statistics indicate a fair agreement between the two methods. Inter-observer evaluation shows an equal reproducibility of both methods, whereas intra-observer tests reveal better repeatability with Graf's method.
authors.affiliation: Clinic of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 1, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. falli@orthop.uni-kiel.de
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Falliner
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schwinzer
authors.forename: H-J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hahne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hedderich
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hassenpflug
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D005270:Femur Head / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D006618:Hip Dislocation, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D015997:Neonatal Screening / Q000379:methods; D015588:Observer Variation; D011446:Prospective Studies; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D014463:Ultrasonography