title: Prolyl-isomerase Pin1 accumulates in lewy bodies of parkinson disease and facilitates formation of alpha-synuclein inclusions.
abstract: Parkinson disease (PD) is a relatively common neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and by the formation of Lewy bodies (LBs), which are cytoplasmic inclusions containing aggregates of alpha-synuclein. Although certain post-translational modifications of alpha-synuclein and its related proteins are implicated in the genesis of LBs, the specific molecular mechanisms that both regulate these processes and initiate subsequent inclusion body formation are not yet well understood. We demonstrate in our current study, however, that the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 localizes to the LBs in PD brain tissue and thereby enhances the formation of alpha-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue from PD patients revealed that Pin1 localizes to 50-60% of the LBs that show an intense halo pattern resembling that of alpha-synuclein. By utilizing a cellular model of alpha-synuclein aggregation, we also demonstrate that, whereas Pin1 overexpression facilitates the formation of alpha-synuclein inclusions, dominant-negative Pin1 expression significantly suppresses this process. Consistent with these observations, Pin1 overexpression enhances the protein half-life and insolubility of alpha-synuclein. Finally, we show that Pin1 binds synphilin-1, an alpha-synuclein partner, via its Ser-211-Pro and Ser-215-Pro motifs, and enhances its interaction with alpha-synuclein, thus likely facilitating the formation of alpha-synuclein inclusions. These results indicate that Pin1-mediated prolyl-isomerization plays a pivotal role in a post-translational modification pathway for alpha-synuclein aggregation and in the resultant Lewy body formations in PD.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: Akihide
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ryo
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Togo
authors.forename: Toshiki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nakai
authors.forename: Akiko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hirai
authors.forename: Mayuko
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
authors.forename: Kyoko
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Yoshio
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hirayasu
authors.forename: Hideki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: Kilian
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Perrem
authors.forename: Yih-Cherng
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Liou
authors.forename: Ichiro
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Aoki
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D019556:COS Cells; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D047390:Casein Kinase II / Q000502:physiology; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D016631:Lewy Bodies / Q000378:metabolism*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase / Q000378:metabolism*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D012995:Solubility; D051844:alpha-Synuclein / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D000072340:NIMA-Interacting Peptidylprolyl Isomerase; D009419:Nerve Tissue Proteins; C118958:SNCAIP protein, human; D051844:alpha-Synuclein; D047390:Casein Kinase II; C000606846:PIN1 protein, human; D019696:Peptidylprolyl Isomerase