title: An objective technique to measure the depth-of-focus in free space.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Determining the depth-of-focus (DOF) objectively in free space is important, as this provides information regarding the range of clear vision under more natural viewing conditions in which target blur, size, and proximal information, as well as other monocular depth cues, are present.
  
  
  METHODS
  The DOF was assessed objectively in free space in young adults [n=20, ages 24.9+/-3.1years: myopes (n=14), emmetropes (n=5), hyperope (n=1)] by monitoring accommodation continuously using the commercially available Power Refractor II (PR II) under monocular viewing conditions. A high-contrast target ( approximately 83%) subtending a mean visual angle of 2.3 deg was placed on an optical bench at 25 cm (4 D) along the line-of-sight of the viewing right eye and was displaced slowly ( approximately 0.1-0.15 D/s) proximally and distally. This target provided blur, size, and proximal information, and other depth cues, as normally found in free space. The first consistent change in steady-state accommodative baseline level reflected one edge of the DOF. The mean dioptric difference between these distal and proximal endpoints was averaged, and this represented the total objective DOF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The group mean total objective DOF (n=20) was +/-0.61+/-0.09 D, with a range from +/-0.46 D to +/-0.81 D. Repeatability was excellent.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A technique was developed and tested to measure the DOF in free space objectively. Further development of this technique will allow the assessment of blur perception under more complex natural viewing conditions simulating the everyday environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Vision Sciences, SUNY/State College of Optometry, 33 West 42nd Street, New York, NY 10036, USA. bvasudevan@sunyopt.edu
authors.forename: Balamurali
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Vasudevan
authors.forename: Kenneth J
authors.initials: KJ
authors.lastname: Ciuffreda
authors.forename: Bin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wang
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000502:physiology*; D000328:Adult; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009216:Myopia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013028:Space Perception / Q000502:physiology*