title: Altered responsiveness of the guinea-pig isolated ileum to smooth muscle stimulants and to electrical stimulation after in situ ischemia.
abstract: 1. We evaluated changes in contractility of the guinea-pig isolated ileum, using intact segments and myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparations, after several times (5-160 min) of ischemia in situ. 2. Intestinal ischemia was produced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery. Ischemic and nonischemic segments, obtained from the same guinea-pig, were mounted in organ baths containing Krebs-bicarbonate (K-B) solution, maintained at 37 degrees C and gassed with 95% O2/5% CO2. The preparations were allowed to equilibrate for 60 min under continuous superfusion of warm K-B solution and then electrically stimulated at 40 V (0.3 Hz, 3.0 ms). Thereafter, complete noncumulative concentration-response curves were constructed for acetylcholine (ACh), histamine (HIS), potassium chloride (KCl), and barium chloride (BaCl2). Mean Emax (maximal response) values were calculated for each drug. 3. Our study shows that alterations of chemically and electrically evoked contractions are dependent on ischemic periods. It also demonstrates that contractile responses of ischemic tissues to neurogenic stimulation decreases earlier and to a significantly greater extent than the non-nerve mediated responses of the intestinal smooth muscle. Contractile responses to smooth muscle stimulants were all similarly affected by ischemia. Electron microscopy images indicated necrotic neuronal death. The decrease in reactivity of ischemic tissues to electrical stimulation was ameliorated by dexrazoxane, an antioxidant agent. 4. We consider the guinea-pig isolated ileum as a useful model system to study the processes involved in neuronal ischemia, and we propose that the reduction in maximal responses to electrical stimulation is a useful parameter to study neuroprotection.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National University of Mexico, Mexico City C.P. 04510, Mexico. rodcar@servidor.unam.mx
authors.forename: Rodolfo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: Rosa
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ventura-Martinez
authors.forename: Jacinto
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Santiago-Mejia
authors.forename: Maria R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Avila-Costa
authors.forename: Teresa I
authors.initials: TI
authors.lastname: Fortoul
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D017609:Barium Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006632:Histamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007082:Ileum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007511:Ischemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009197:Myenteric Plexus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; C024986:barium chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D006632:Histamine; D000109:Acetylcholine