title: Morphological observation of the horseshoe kidney with special reference to the vascular system in 2 Japanese cadavers.
abstract: Two cases of the horseshoe kidney in Japanese cadaver were reported in this paper. The kidneys and their associated vessels in the retroperitoneal cavity were carefully examined, and the histological examination of the isthmus was performed. In Case 1, four arteries arose from the abdominal aorta. One right and two left renal arteries were distributed to the apical, upper, middle and posterior regions of the kidney, respectively, and the artery of isthmus entered the lower segments and the isthmus. In Case 2, six arteries arose from the abdominal aorta. Among three arteries arose from the inferior end of the aorta and entered the lower segments and the isthmus. Histological study revealed that the isthmuses consisted of collecting tubes, glomeruli and urinary tubules and fibrous connective tissue. The incidence of the horseshoe kidney during the dissecting practice at Tokyo Medical University in a period of 24 years from 1980 to 2003 was estimated to be 0.16% (2 out of the 1,219 cadavers). The anatomical and embryological significance of this anomaly and its associated vascular system were discussed. And the histology of the parenchymal structure of the isthmus in the horseshoe kidney containing either fibrous connective tissue or renal parenchyma was also analyzed in this report.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
authors.forename: Yoichi
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nakamura
authors.forename: Shuang-Qin
authors.initials: SQ
authors.lastname: Yi
authors.forename: Akira
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iimura
authors.forename: Hayato
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Terayama
authors.forename: Munekazu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Naito
authors.forename: Masahiro
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Itoh
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001012:Aorta, Abdominal / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D003238:Connective Tissue / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply*; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012077:Renal Artery / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012082:Renal Veins / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply; D014513:Ureter / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply