title: Video vision development assessment in diagnosis and documentation of microtropia.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Microtropia is under diagnosed in treated esotropia and in primary microtropia cases, where patients are young and uncooperative.
  
  
  METHODS
  Video Vision Development Assessment (VVDA) testing, which we have developed and previously described, captures multiple video frames images (30 per second) of the Breuckner red reflection (from the ocular fundus, a test for strabismus and ocular media abnormalities) combined with eccentric photorefraction. This method allows the highly critical discrimination of minimally off axis fixation (abnormal) to be differentiated from true on axis fixation (normal foveation) by the brightness difference in the images. We have examined with this method, VVDA, 533 consecutive strabismus patients ages six months to six years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  47% of esotropes and 23.8% of exotropes had microtropia.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  VVDA is helpful in documenting microtropia in young uncooperative patients where the diagnosis may otherwise be missed, even when suspected to be present, due to lack of subjective test cooperation. Multiple video frames of the same patient (VVDA) allow dynamic detection of true fixation (normal foveation) versus slightly off axis fixation (abnormal, consistent with microtropia). VVDA is therefore superior to single photorefraction imaging in the diagnosis of microtropia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Opthamology, University of Kansas City, Kansas, MO 64112, USA.
authors.forename: Gerhard W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Cibis
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003941:Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D013285:Strabismus / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014741:Video Recording / Q000379:methods*; D015348:Vision, Binocular