title: The impact of exposure to transphobia on HIV risk behavior in a sample of transgendered women of color in San Francisco.
abstract: This study examined the relationship between exposure to transphobia--societal discrimination and stigma of individuals who do not conform to traditional notions of gender--and risk for engaging in unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) among 327 transgendered women of color. Overall, 24% of participants had engaged in URAI at least once in the past 30 days. Individuals who self-identified as pre-operative transsexual/transgendered women were significantly more likely than self-identified females to have engaged in URAI. Although exposure to transphobia was not independently related to URAI, an interaction between age and experiencing discrimination was observed. Among transgendered women 18-25 years old, those reporting higher levels of exposure to transphobia had a 3.2 times higher risk for engaging in URAI compared to those reporting lower levels. Findings from this study corroborate the importance of exposure to transphobia on HIV risk, particularly among transgendered young adults.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. suganoe@peds.ucsf.edu
authors.forename: Eiko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Sugano
authors.forename: Tooru
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nemoto
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Operario
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002140:California / Q000453:epidemiology; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission*; D006801:Humans; D010698:Phobic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D012309:Risk-Taking; D014190:Transvestism / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology*; D047568:Unsafe Sex / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*