title: Hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease in adults with secundum or sinus venosus atrial septal defect.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The development of hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease (HPVD) is considered a risk factor in the long-term course of patients with secundum atrial septal defects (ASD). The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and histologic degree of HPVD and pulmonary hypertension in relation to preoperative clinical and hemodynamic data, intraoperative findings, and operative outcome in adults.
  
  
  METHODS
  Lung biopsies of 75 patients, mean age 44 +/- 14 years (18-71 years), with secundum ASD or sinus venosus defect including ten patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return were analyzed in accordance with preoperative and intraoperative findings as well as operative outcome. Lung biopsy was performed at the time of defect closure and was classified according to Heath and Edwards.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Structural changes of the pulmonary vasculature were found in 59% of patients; grade 3 and higher changes were present in 19%. There were no statistically significant relations between histologic findings and preoperative clinical and hemodynamic data, intraoperative findings, and operative outcome. The prevalence of moderate (32-50 mm Hg) and severe (> 50 mm Hg) systolic pulmonary hypertension was 27% and 17%, respectively. Increased systolic pulmonary arterial pressure was associated with increased pulmonary vascular resistance (p < 0.000) and patients' age (p = 0.001). Patients with a lower functional capacity had a higher prevalence of pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.011).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of HPVD and pulmonary hypertension in adult patients with secundum ASD or sinus venosus defect is considerable. Preoperative hemodynamic data do not predict the degree of HPVD in lung biopsy. Closure is generally advised to prevent increasing pulmonary arterial pressure and decreasing functional capacity over time.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany. jsachweh@ukaachen.de
authors.forename: Joerg S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Sachweh
authors.forename: Sabine H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Daebritz
authors.forename: Benita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Hermanns
authors.forename: Bernd
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fausten
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Jockenhoevel
authors.forename: Stefan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Handt
authors.forename: Bruno J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Messmer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001167:Arteritis / Q000209:etiology; D001706:Biopsy; D001794:Blood Pressure; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006344:Heart Septal Defects, Atrial / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D006976:Hypertension, Pulmonary / Q000209:etiology*; D006984:Hypertrophy; D008168:Lung / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000473:pathology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D017539:Tunica Intima / Q000473:pathology; D014655:Vascular Resistance