Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with mutations in DNA polymerase gamma associated with progressive external ophthalmoplegia.
A number of nuclear mutations have been identified in a variety of mitochondrial diseases including progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO), Alpers syndrome and other neuromuscular and oxidative phosphorylation defects. More than 50 mutations have been identified in POLG, which encodes the human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gamma, PEO and Alpers patients. To rapidly characterize the effects of these mutations, we have developed a versatile system that enables the consequences of homologous mutations, introduced in situ into the yeast mtDNA polymerase gene MIP1, to be evaluated in vivo in haploid and diploid cells. Overall, distinct phenotypes for expression of each of the mip1-PEO mutations were observed, including respiration-defective cells with decreased viability, dominant-negative mutant polymerases, elevated levels of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage and chromosomal mutations. Mutations in the polymerase domain caused the most severe phenotype accompanied by loss of mtDNA and cell viability, whereas the mutation in the exonuclease domain showed mild dominance with loss of mtDNA. Interestingly, the linker region mutation caused elevated mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage. The cellular processes contributing to these observations in the mutant yeast cells are potentially relevant to understanding the pathologies observed in human mitochondrial disease patients.
Stuart
Gregory R
GR
Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Santos
Janine H
JH
Strand
Micheline K
MK
Van Houten
Bennett
B
Copeland
William C
WC
D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D001483:Base Sequence; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000235:genetics; D004249:DNA Damage / Q000235:genetics; D004256:DNA Polymerase I / Q000235:genetics*; D000074002:DNA Polymerase gamma; D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000235:genetics; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D040461:Gene Components; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D006801:Humans; D018613:Microscopy, Confocal; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation / Q000235:genetics*; D017246:Ophthalmoplegia, Chronic Progressive External / Q000235:genetics*; D010641:Phenotype; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial; D029701:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; D004256:DNA Polymerase I; D000074002:DNA Polymerase gamma; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; C068352:MIP1 protein, S cerevisiae