title: Validation of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa porcine model of septic shock.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop a standardized bacteraemic porcine model of septic shock with cardiovascular and immunological profiles similar to those observed in human clinical states.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sepsis was induced by an intravenous challenge of 18 anaesthetized pigs with live Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pulmonary arterial pressure was monitored and the bacterial infusion was stopped when the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure reached 45 mmHg. Septic shock was treated with fluid resuscitation and epinephrine infusion. The haemodynamic parameters and the rate of different inflammatory cytokines were recorded during 6 h of observation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean+/-SD cardiac output increased from 2.4+/-1.2 to 5.7+/-2.1 L/min while the mean+/-SD systemic vascular resistance index decreased from 1957+/-744 to 709+/-221 dyn/s/cm5/m2. The pharmacokinetic profile of the inflammatory cytokines was similar to the one observed in human studies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The control of the systolic pulmonary arterial pressure during a P. aeruginosa infusion leads to a hyperdynamic, reproducible cardiovascular profile similar to the one observed in human septic shock. Since the immunological profile of the inflammatory cytokines is also similar to the human one, this standardized porcine model appears to be appropriate for experimental research concerning sepsis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Pavilion P, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France. thmrimmele@aol.com
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Rimmelé
authors.forename: Abdulnasser
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Assadi
authors.forename: Farida
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Benatir
authors.forename: Emmanuel
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Boselli
authors.forename: Catherine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kaminski
authors.forename: Florence
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Arnal
authors.forename: Corinne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lambert
authors.forename: Joëlle
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goudable
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Chassard
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Allaouchiche
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D011552:Pseudomonas Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa; D011651:Pulmonary Artery; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000382:microbiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013552:Swine / Q000276:immunology / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine