title: Expression of glutamine synthetase and cell proliferation in human idiopathic epiretinal membrane.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The mechanisms of the cellular origin and cell proliferation in the idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) are unsolved. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of cell cycle related molecules and glutamine synthetase (GS), which is expressed in Müller cells and their processes, in ERM tissues.
  
  
  METHODS
  The ERMs were surgically removed using pars plana vitrectomy. Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded ERM tissues were analysed by immunohistochemistry with anti-cyclin D1, p27 (KIP1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and GS antibodies.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The histopathological findings showed that all the ERMs consisted of oval or spindle mononuclear cells with thin collagen-like tissues. Immunoreactivity for GS was detected in collagen-like tissues of ERM, presenting a continuous, isodense pattern. GS immunopositive cells in all cases expressed PCNA in their nuclei. Nuclear immunoreactivity for cyclin D1 was noted in the ERM constituent cells, whereas p27 (KIP1) positive nuclei were not detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cyclin D1 and PCNA were expressed in the idiopathic ERM, which was mainly derived from Müller cells and extensions of their processes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan. kaseron@med.hokudai.ac.jp
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yokoi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Furudate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kase
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ohno
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000378:metabolism; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019938:Cyclin D1 / Q000378:metabolism; D019773:Epiretinal Membrane / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen / Q000378:metabolism; D012160:Retina / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D014821:Vitrectomy
chemical_list: D018809:Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; D019938:Cyclin D1; D005974:Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase