title: Assessment of NIR spectroscopy for nondestructive analysis of physical and chemical attributes of sulfamethazine bolus dosage forms.
abstract: The goal of this study was to assess the utility of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the determination of content uniformity, tablet crushing strength (tablet hardness), and dissolution rate in sulfamethazine veterinary bolus dosage forms. A formulation containing sulfamethazine, corn starch, and magnesium stearate was employed. The formulations were wet granulated with a 10% (wt/vol) starch paste in a high shear granulator and dried at 60 degrees C in a convection tray dryer. The tablets were compressed on a Stokes B2 rotary tablet press running at 30 rpm. Each sample was scanned in reflectance mode in the wavelengths of the NIR region. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the NIR tablet spectra and the neat raw materials indicated that the scores of the first 2 principal components were highly correlated with the chemical and physical attributes. Based on the PCA model, the significant wavelengths for sulfamethazine are 1514, (1660-1694), 2000, 2050, 2150, 2175, 2225, and 2275 nm; for corn starch are 1974, 2100, and 2325 nm; and for magnesium stearate are 2325 and 2375 nm. In addition, the loadings show large negative peaks around the water band regions ( approximately 1420 and 1940 nm), indicating that the partial least squares (PLS) models could be affected by product water content. A simple linear regression model was able to predict content uniformity with a correlation coefficient of 0.986 at 1656 nm; the use of a PLS regression model, with 3 factors, had an r (2) of 0.9496 and a standard error of calibration of 0.0316. The PLS validation set had an r (2) of 0.9662 and a standard error of 0.0354. PLS calibration models, based on tablet absorbance data, could successfully predict tablet crushing strength and dissolution in spite of varying active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) levels. Prediction plots based on these PLS models yielded correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.92 on independent validation sets for crushing strength and Q(120) (percentage dissolved in 120 minutes), respectively.
authors.affiliation: School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland - Baltimore, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA.
authors.forename: Aditya S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Tatavarti
authors.forename: Raafat
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fahmy
authors.forename: Huiquan
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Wu
authors.forename: Ajaz S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Hussain
authors.forename: William
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Marnane
authors.forename: Dennis
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bensley
authors.forename: Gary
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hollenbeck
authors.forename: Stephen W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hoag
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D004304:Dosage Forms; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012995:Solubility; D019265:Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared / Q000379:methods*; D013418:Sulfamethazine / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry*
chemical_list: D004304:Dosage Forms; D013418:Sulfamethazine