title: Alterations in syncytiotrophoblast cytokine expression following treatment with lipopolysaccharide.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The placental syncytium is a differentiated cell type on the surface of the villus that has the potential to release cytokines directly to maternal blood. Responsiveness of this cell type to inflammatory compounds remains largely unelucidated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Response to a pro-inflammatory (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and an anti-inflammatory (dexamethasone, DEX) compound was studied in primary cultures of syncytiotrophoblasts (SCTs). Cells were incubated with and without LPS and DEX. Cytokine levels in conditioned media were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and proteome arrays.
  
  
  RESULTS
  LPS treatment induced a fourfold increase in interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in SCTs. LPS enhanced the expression of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in SCTs. DEX treatment reduced IL-8 levels in control and LPS-treated cultures by 70-90%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Cytokine expression in SCTs was enhanced by LPS treatment and this effect was suppressed by glucocorticoid treatment. This suggests that inflammatory compounds may alter cytokine expression in the syncytium throughout gestation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8063, USA.
authors.forename: Yuehong
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Ma
authors.forename: Gil
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Mor
authors.forename: Vikki M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Abrahams
authors.forename: Irina A
authors.initials: IA
authors.lastname: Buhimschi
authors.forename: Catalin S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Buhimschi
authors.forename: Seth
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Guller
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016209:Interleukin-8 / Q000378:metabolism; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010920:Placenta / Q000166:cytology; D011247:Pregnancy; D014327:Trophoblasts / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D017077:Culture Media, Conditioned; D016207:Cytokines; D016209:Interleukin-8; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003907:Dexamethasone