title: Barley necrotic locus nec1 encodes the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 homologous to the Arabidopsis HLM1.
abstract: Barley homolog of the Arabidopsis necrotic (disease lesion mimic) mutant HLM1 that encodes the cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel 4 was cloned. Barley gene was mapped genetically to the known necrotic locus nec1 and subsequent sequence analysis identified mutations in five available nec1 alleles confirming barley homolog of Arabidopsis HLM1 as the NEC1 gene. Two fast neutron (FN) induced mutants had extensive deletions in the gene, while two previously described nec1 alleles had either a STOP codon in exon 1 or a MITE insertion in intron 2 which caused alternative splicing, frame shift and production of a predicted non-functional protein. The MITE insertion was consistent with the reported spontaneous origin of the nec1 Parkland allele. The third FN mutant had a point mutation in the coding sequence which resulted in an amino acid change in the conserved predicted cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel pore region. The expression of two pathogenesis-related genes, HvPR-1a and beta-1,3-glucanase, was elevated in two FN necrotic lines. Ten other members of the barley cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel gene family were identified and their position on barley linkage map is reported.
authors.affiliation: Scottish Crop Research Institute, Genome Dynamics, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, UK. nils.rostoks@scri.ac.uk
authors.forename: Nils
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rostoks
authors.forename: Deric
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schmierer
authors.forename: Sharon
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mudie
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Drader
authors.forename: Robert
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Brueggeman
authors.forename: David G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Caldwell
authors.forename: Robbie
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Waugh
authors.forename: Andris
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kleinhofs
mesh_terms: D000483:Alleles; D017398:Alternative Splicing; D017360:Arabidopsis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D001483:Base Sequence; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; D018744:DNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics; D017343:Genes, Plant; D001467:Hordeum / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D007473:Ion Channels / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D009154:Mutation; D010641:Phenotype; D010935:Plant Diseases / Q000235:genetics; D010940:Plant Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D018749:RNA, Plant / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D029681:Arabidopsis Proteins; D054815:Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels; D018744:DNA, Plant; D007473:Ion Channels; D010940:Plant Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018749:RNA, Plant