title: Massive prolapse of the urethral mucosa following periurethral injection of calcium hydroxylapatite for stress urinary incontinence.
abstract: The injection of bulking agents into the urethral submucosa is designed to create artificial urethral cushions that can improve urethral coaptation and hence restore continence. Ideally, a urethral bulking agent should be non-immunogenic and biocompatible, leading to minimal inflammatory and fibrotic response. The authors present a case report of a granulomatous reaction leading to urethral prolapse, 3 months after the transurethral injection of calcium hydroxylapatite. To our knowledge, this is the first granulomatous reaction described after calcium hydroxylapatite injection.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Campinas State University-UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: Paulo C R
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Palma
authors.forename: Cássio L Z
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Riccetto
authors.forename: Mario Henrique T
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Martins
authors.forename: Viviane
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: Rogerio
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: de Fraga
authors.forename: Athanase
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Billis
authors.forename: Nelson Rodrigues
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Netto
mesh_terms: D001672:Biocompatible Materials / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017886:Durapatite / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D015745:Granuloma, Foreign-Body / Q000150:complications* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009092:Mucous Membrane; D011391:Prolapse; D014521:Urethra; D014522:Urethral Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D014550:Urinary Incontinence, Stress / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001672:Biocompatible Materials; D017886:Durapatite