title: Outcome at 2 years for very low birthweight infants in a geographical population: risk factors, cost, and impact of congenital anomalies.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the type and rate of disability at 2 years of age in infants born in the geographically defined population of East Anglia with a birthweight less than 1500 g and to assess the risk factors for disability.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective cohort analysis from all eight neonatal units in East Anglia from 1993-1997 using a single database.
  
  
  METHODS
  Local paediatricians assessed children at 2 years using the Health Status Questionnaire and data collection was centrally coordinated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Outcomes for 947 children, 99% of survivors, were available, 74 (7.8%) had severe disability and this was significantly associated with gestational age (p<0.0005), birthweight (p<0.0005) and sex (p=0.046). Major congenital abnormality contributed 27% of all severe disability. The overall cerebral palsy rate was 6.2%, nine children were blind and five had sensorineural hearing loss requiring aids. These children had a high level of use of community services with 19% of the cohort being referred to one or more community service. ELBW infants or those born <30 weeks gestation were 1.5 times and twice as likely to have moderate or severe disability and 2.3 and 5.4 times as likely to have cerebral palsy as those weighing 1000 to 1500 g or >30 weeks gestation. Boys were at higher risk of adverse outcome.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The study was able to define the increased risk associated with being born at lower gestational age or lower birthweight and demonstrates successful ascertainment of outcomes for large local populations at a reasonable cost.
authors.affiliation: Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, The Wolfson Centre, London WC1N 2AP, UK.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Salt
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: D'Amore
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ahluwalia
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Seward
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kaptoge
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Halliday
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Dorling
mesh_terms: D017028:Caregivers; D002657:Child Development; D002675:Child, Preschool; D015331:Cohort Studies; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000191:economics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D017281:Cost of Illness; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D019102:Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D010343:Patient Admission; D012307:Risk Factors