title: Intellectual property and pharmaceutical drugs: an ethical analysis.
abstract: The pharmaceutical industry has in recent years come under attack from an ethical point of view concerning its patents and the non-accessibility of life-saving drugs for many of the poor in both less developed countries and in the United States. The industry has replied with economic and legal justifications for its actions. The result has been a communication gap between the industry on the one hand and poor nations and American critics on the other. This paper attempts to present and evaluate the arguments on all sides and suggests a possible way out of the current impasse. It attempts to determine the ethical responsibility of the drug industry in making drugs available to the needy, while at the same time developing the parallel responsibilities of individuals, governments, and NGOs. It concludes with the suggestion that the industry develop an international code for its self-regulation.
authors.forename: Richard T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: De George
mesh_terms: D019049:Developed Countries; D003906:Developing Countries; D004345:Drug Industry / Q000191:economics* / Q000941:ethics*; D026689:Ethical Analysis; D040861:Ethics, Business; D006297:Health Services Accessibility; D006801:Humans; D010330:Patents as Topic / Q000941:ethics*; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000191:economics* / Q000600:supply & distribution*; D012941:Social Responsibility; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations