title: Comparative anatomy of the ciliary body of the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) and selected species.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To examine the anatomy of the ciliary body in the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus), paying close attention to its vascularization and to compare to those of its distant relative, the African elephant (Loxodonta africana), the amphibious hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius) and the aquatic short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus).
  
  
  METHODS
  Specimens from each species were preserved in 10% buffered formalin, and observed stereomicroscopically before being embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained by Masson trichrome, hematoxylin and eosin, and periodic acid-Schiff for light microscopic evaluation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The network of blood vessels in the ciliary processes of the West Indian manatee appear to have an intricate pattern, especially with regard to venous outflow. Those of the elephant are slightly less complex, while those of the hippopotamus and whale have different vascular patterns within the ciliary body. Musculature within the ciliary body is absent within the manatee and pilot whale.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In general, there appears to be a direct relationship between the increased development of vasculature and the loss of musculature within the ciliary bodies of the aquatic and amphibious mammals presently studied. Specifically, the ciliary body of the West Indian manatee has a comparatively unique construction, especially with regard to its vasculature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, USA.
authors.forename: Michelle
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Natiello
authors.forename: Patricia
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lewis
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Samuelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001188:Artiodactyla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D004606:Elephants / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000662:veterinary; D008322:Mammals / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013045:Species Specificity; D020457:Trichechus manatus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D050686:Whales, Pilot / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology