title: Real-time pneumolysin polymerase chain reaction with melting curve analysis differentiates pneumococcus from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci.
abstract: The majority of pneumococcal isolates can be identified by the conventional methods based on phenotypic characteristics. Occasionally, however, the differentiation of alpha-hemolytic streptococci from pneumococci, especially those isolated from nasopharynx, is problematic due to the discrepant results obtained by the conventional identification methods. Several gene technological methods based on the amplification of genes encoding pneumococcal virulence factors, such as pneumolysin (ply) and autolysin, have been used as additional identification methods. Recent studies have shown that especially the ply gene is frequently also present in nonpneumococcal alpha-hemolytic streptococci. In this study, we compared the commonly used phenotypic identification methods with nucleic acid-based methods, commercial AccuProbetrade mark, conventional pneumolysin polymerase chain reaction (Ply-PCR), and real-time Ply-PCR in the identification of alpha-hemolytic streptococcal strains isolated from 100 consecutive nasopharyngeal specimens. We also studied if melting curve analysis and sequencing of the amplification products of a ply gene fragment could be helpful in the identification. Our results suggest that the ply gene present in alpha-hemolytic streptococci differs from that present in pneumococcus, and that melting curve analysis would prove useful in the differentiation of these bacteria.
authors.affiliation: KTL, National Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 310, FIN-90101 Oulu, Finland. tarja. kaijalainen@ktl.fi
authors.forename: Tarja
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kaijalainen
authors.forename: Annika
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saukkoriipi
authors.forename: Aini
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bloigu
authors.forename: Elja
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herva
authors.forename: Maija
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leinonen
mesh_terms: D001426:Bacterial Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D004269:DNA, Bacterial / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009305:Nasopharynx / Q000382:microbiology; D011008:Pneumococcal Infections / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods*; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000145:classification / Q000302:isolation & purification; D013296:Streptococcus pneumoniae / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics*; D013301:Streptolysins / Q000235:genetics*; D044366:Transition Temperature
chemical_list: D001426:Bacterial Proteins; D004269:DNA, Bacterial; D013301:Streptolysins; C032290:plY protein, Streptococcus pneumoniae