title: The nonspecific anti-inflammatory therapy with methotrexate for patients with chronic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Inflammatory mediators play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methotrexate (MTX) is used in the treatment of inflammatory-mediated diseases (eg, rheumatoid arthritis) because it modulates the expression of numerous inflammatory cytokines. However, no studies have assessed the effects of MTX on plasma levels of inflammatory mediators in patients with CHF.
  
  
  METHODS
  In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blind study, 71 patients receiving conventional treatment were randomly allocated to either MTX group (7.5 mg once a week, n = 35) or placebo group (n = 36) with a follow-up of 12 weeks. The effects of MTX on plasma cytokine expression, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, 6-minute walk test distance, and quality of life (QOL) were determined in patients with CHF.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sixty-two patients completed the study. The circulating levels of inflammatory mediators in patients with CHF were markedly elevated compared with healthy controls (P < or = .002). Methotrexate (n = 30) reduced plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (-15.6%, P < .05), interleukin 6 (-21.8%, P < .01), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (-22.6%, P < .01), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (-19.2%, P < .05), and C-reactive protein (-27.2%, P < .01) compared with baseline. Furthermore, interleukin 10 (15.8 %, P < .05) and soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist (36.1%, P < .01) expression was increased, whereas improvements in NYHA classification, 6-minute walk test distance, and QOL were found compared with baseline. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression was lower and soluble IL-1 receptor antagonist expression higher in the MTX than placebo group (n = 32). Furthermore, the left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and incidence of main adverse cardiac events between the 2 groups were similar.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  These results suggest that the addition of MTX to conventional therapy for CHF has significant anti-inflammatory effects and improves NYHA functional class, 6-minute walk test distance, and QOL.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Yangzhou, Yangzhou, China. yungkzh@163.com
authors.forename: Kaizheng
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Gong
authors.forename: Zhengang
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Xiaonin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Xin
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Aihua
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Junfeng
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Qiuping
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Yang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Yiliang
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Feng
mesh_terms: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D016207:Cytokines / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D018836:Inflammation Mediators / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016037:Single-Blind Method
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D016207:Cytokines; D018836:Inflammation Mediators; D008727:Methotrexate