title: A randomised controlled trial of the reciprocating syringe in arthrocentesis.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the outcomes of arthrocentesis with the new highly controllable, one handed reciprocating procedure syringe compared with a conventional syringe.
  
  
  METHODS
  100 arthrocentesis procedures were randomised between the reciprocating syringe and the conventional syringe. Outcome measures included patient pain, procedure duration, operator satisfaction, synovial fluid volume, cell counts, and complications.
  
  
  RESULTS
  50 arthrocentesis procedures with the conventional syringe resulted in a mean (SD) procedure time of 3.39 (1.88) minutes, a mean VAPS (patient pain) score of 5.35 (3.15), and a mean VASS (operator satisfaction) score of 4.88 (1.92); 30 of the 50 subjects experienced moderate to severe pain (VAPS score 5 or greater) during arthrocentesis. In contrast, the reciprocating syringe resulted in a reduced procedure time of 1.94 (1.14) minutes (p<0.001), a reduced VAPS (patient pain) score of 2.54 (1.60) (p<0.001), and an increased VASS (operator satisfaction) score of 8.91 (0.79) (p<0.001). Only five of the 50 of subjects experienced moderate to severe pain with the reciprocating syringe. Synovial cell counts were similar between the two syringes (p>0.05), but there was a trend toward greater volume (greater synovial fluid yield) and fewer red blood cells with the reciprocating syringe.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Arthrocentesis with a conventional syringe results in moderate to severe pain in 60% of subjects. The reciprocating syringe prevents significant pain, reduces procedure time, and improves physician performance of arthrocentesis. The reciprocating syringe is superior to the conventional syringe in arthrocentesis.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. hdraeger31@aol.com
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Draeger
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Twining
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Kettwich
authors.forename: L G
authors.initials: LG
authors.lastname: Kettwich
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Bankhurst
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001168:Arthritis / Q000175:diagnosis; D002983:Clinical Competence; D004867:Equipment Design; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007592:Joint Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D019152:Paracentesis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012219:Rheumatology; D013594:Syringes