title: Absence of mutations in the coding sequence of the potential tumor suppressor 3pK in metastatic melanoma.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Activation of Ras or Raf contributes to tumorigenesis of melanoma. However, constitutive Raf activation is also a characteristic of the majority of benign melanocytic nevi and high intensity signaling of either Ras or Raf was found to induce growth inhibition and senescence rather than transformation. Since the chromosome 3p kinase (3pK)) is a target of the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway which antagonizes the function of the oncogene and anti-differentiation factor Bmi-1, 3pK may function as a tumor suppressor in tumors with constitutive Ras/Raf activation. Consequently, we tested whether inactivating 3pK mutations are present in melanoma.
  
  
  METHODS
  30 metastatic melanoma samples, which were positive for activating mutations of either BRaf or NRas, were analyzed for possible mutations in the 3pk gene. The 10 coding exons and their flanking intron sequences were amplified by PCR and direct sequencing of the PCR products was performed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This analysis revealed that besides the presence of some single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3pk gene, we could not detect any possible loss of function mutation in any of these 30 metastatic melanoma samples selected for the presence of activating mutations within the Ras/Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Hence, in melanoma with constitutively active Ras/Raf inactivating mutations within the 3pk gene do not contribute to the oncogenic phenotype of this highly malignant tumor.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Medizinische Strahlenkunde und Zellforschung (MSZ), Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Str. 5, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany. houben_r@klinik.uni-wuerzburg.de
authors.forename: Roland
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Houben
authors.forename: Jürgen C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: Ulf R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Rapp