title: Microalbuminuria prevalence study in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in 10 Asian countries.
  
  
  METHODS
  This cross-sectional clinic-based epidemiological study is a subanalysis of data collected from patients attending three medical centres in Indonesia from May 2002 to October 2002. A total of 207 patients were enrolled, of which 177 patients constituted the per protocol population (patients with bacteriuria and haematuria were excluded).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Overall, the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease was high, with macroalbuminuria comprising 44.7% (41.2-48.1;95% confidence interval) and microalbuminuria comprising 33.0% (29.7-36.3; 95% confidence interval). While the majority (91.53%) of patients were receiving treatment for hypertension, only 6.21% of the patients had systolic/diastolic blood pressures below the 130/85 mmHg target.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was high in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia, which is indicative of an impending pandemic of diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases in the region.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: Mohammad
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sja'bani
authors.forename: Ahmad H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Asdie
authors.forename: Kartika
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Widayati
authors.forename: Yanri
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Subroto
authors.forename: Sri Hks
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Kariadi
authors.forename: Agusta Y L
authors.initials: AY
authors.lastname: Arifin
authors.forename: I G N
authors.initials: IG
authors.lastname: Adhiarta
authors.forename: Hikmat
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Permana
authors.forename: Askandar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: T
authors.lastname: Hendromartono
authors.forename: Soebagijo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Adi
authors.forename: Sony
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Wibisono
authors.forename: Sri
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Murtiwi
mesh_terms: D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System