title: Risk assessment for occult malignancy in the prostate before radical cystectomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess our clinical ability to predict prostate involvement by transitional cell carcinoma (PI-TCC) or occult prostate cancer (CAP) in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RCx).
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively analyzed 70 male patients undergoing RCx for TCC of the bladder between 1995 and 2003, focusing on preoperative factors to predict PI-TCC or CAP.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 70 RCx patients, 30 (43%) had PI-TCC (14) or CAP (16). Risk factors for PI-TCC included carcinoma in situ, multifocal TCC, and bladder neck involvement (P <0.05 for all three analyses). All 14 patients with PI-TCC had one or more risk factors, and none of 40 patients without these risk factors had PI-TCC (P <0.001). Risk factors for CAP included elevated prostate-specific antigen level, abnormal results on digital rectal examination, and age more than 65 years. Of 16 patients with CAP, 14 had one or more of these risk factors (P <0.05). Sixteen of the seventy patients in this series (22.9%) had no risk factors for PI-TCC or CAP, and none of these had prostatic involvement with either malignancy (P <0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our findings suggest that a well-defined subset of patients undergoing RCx might be at low risk for malignancy in the prostate. However, further evaluation of these risk factors in a prospective setting will be required to substantiate these findings and guide clinical decision making in this controversial field.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA.
authors.forename: John C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kefer
authors.forename: Bryan B
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Voelzke
authors.forename: Robert C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Flanigan
authors.forename: Eva M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Wojcik
authors.forename: W Bedford
authors.initials: WB
authors.lastname: Waters
authors.forename: Steven C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D015653:Cystectomy; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009378:Neoplasms, Multiple Primary / Q000453:epidemiology*; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D018570:Risk Assessment; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery