title: Refractory calculation-induced idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a case report and review of the literature.
abstract: We report a case with calculation-induced idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) that, unlike most patients with IGE, was refractory to medications. This patient had a family history of (1) a similar condition in a relative of hers who, however, did not have identical manifestations, and (2) a mother who had migraine. Our observations illustrate that the occurrence of IGE in families usually follows rather complex patterns of inheritance and that some of them can be refractory to therapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Adult and Pediatric Epilepsy Program, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon. mamikati@aub.edu.lb
authors.forename: Mohamad A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Mikati
authors.forename: Alhan N
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Shamseddine
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D017668:Age of Onset; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D016241:Child of Impaired Parents; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004569:Electroencephalography / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D004829:Epilepsy, Generalized / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D020195:Epilepsy, Reflex / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000235:genetics*; D005192:Family Health; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D008881:Migraine Disorders / Q000235:genetics; D020190:Myoclonic Epilepsy, Juvenile / Q000175:diagnosis; D010375:Pedigree; D017211:Treatment Failure
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants