title: Large pedunculated polyps originating in the esophagus and hypopharynx.
abstract: Large pedunculated esophageal and hypopharyngeal polyps are uncommon. Clinical presentation most commonly includes dysphagia and mass regurgitation. If left untreated the patient may develop polyp aspiration complicated by fatal asphyxiation. Diagnosis has depended on endoscopy and barium swallow historically; however, these procedures may fail to provide a diagnosis. In recent years computerized tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging have proved reliable methods of diagnosis. These polyps are located predominantly in the upper esophagus and frequently are comprised of a fibrous component. Malignant potential is low. Resection of these lesions is warranted; it may be approached endoscopically if feasible or surgically through a cervical or thoracotomy approach, depending on the location. Recurrence is rare. To our knowledge, this is the largest review of large esophageal polyps, including 110 reported cases in the literature.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee, USA. caceres_manuel@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Manuel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caceres
authors.forename: Glen
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Steeb
authors.forename: Sarah M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Wilks
authors.forename: H Edward
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Garrett
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001237:Asphyxia / Q000209:etiology; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D004945:Esophagoscopy; D005260:Female; D005350:Fibroma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D005764:Gastroesophageal Reflux / Q000209:etiology; D006222:Hamartoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007012:Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D008067:Lipoma / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008080:Liposarcoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010608:Pharyngeal Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D011127:Polyps / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012008:Recurrence