title: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lamotrigine in primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive lamotrigine in primary generalized tonic-clonic (PGTC) seizures in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with a diagnosis of epilepsy with PGTC seizures who were receiving one or two antiepileptic drugs at study entry were eligible. Patients with partial seizures were excluded on the basis of seizure history and screening EEGs. The study comprised a baseline phase, an escalation phase during which study medication was titrated to a target dose, and a 12-week maintenance phase during which doses of lamotrigine/placebo and concomitant antiepileptic drugs were maintained.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of the 121 randomized patients ages 2 to 55 years, 117 (58 lamotrigine, 59 placebo) entered the escalation phase and received study medication. During the escalation and maintenance phases combined, median percent reduction in PGTC seizure frequency was 66.5% with lamotrigine compared with 34.2% with placebo (p = 0.006). The corresponding numbers for lamotrigine and placebo were 60.6% and 32.8% (p = 0.038) during the escalation phase and 81.9% and 43.0% (p = 0.006) during the maintenance phase. During the maintenance phase, 72% of lamotrigine-treated patients compared with 49% of placebo-treated patients experienced a > or = 50% reduction in frequency of PGTC seizures (p = 0.014). A similar pattern of results was observed for all generalized seizures. The most common drug-related adverse events were dizziness (5% lamotrigine, 2% placebo), somnolence (5% lamotrigine, 2% placebo), and nausea (5% lamotrigine, 3% placebo).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Adjunctive lamotrigine is effective in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures and has a favorable tolerability profile.
authors.affiliation: Arkansas Epilepsy Program, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA. vbiton@alltel.net
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Biton
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Sackellares
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Vuong
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Hammer
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Barrett
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Messenheimer
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006970:Disorders of Excessive Somnolence / Q000139:chemically induced; D004244:Dizziness / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004569:Electroencephalography; D004830:Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D000077213:Lamotrigine; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000139:chemically induced; D018579:Patient Selection; D010919:Placebos; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014227:Triazines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010919:Placebos; D014227:Triazines; D000077213:Lamotrigine