title: The effect of hypertonic (3%) saline with and without furosemide on plasma osmolality, sodium concentration, and brain water content after closed head trauma in rats.
abstract: Adding furosemide (F) to mannitol causes a greater decrease of brain volume, intracranial pressure, and brain water content (BW) as compared with mannitol alone. We examined whether adding F to hypertonic saline (HS) causes less increase of BW early after closed head trauma (CHT) as compared with HS alone. With institutional approval, 125 rats underwent sham surgery or CHT and then immediately received no treatment, HS (1.2 g/kg, 3% solution), or HS + F (2 mg/kg). In groups 1-10 (n = 8/group), the percent BW content was determined at 30, 60, or 120 minutes. In groups 11-14 (n = 8/group), physiologic values were determined at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. At 120 minutes, the increase of BW caused by CHT (sham = 78.9 +/- 0.6% and CHT = 81.5 +/- 2.2%, mean +/- SD) was prevented by HS + F (78.0 +/- 0.8%) but not by HS (80.7 +/- 2.2%). Both HS and HS + F similarly increased plasma osmolality and sodium concentration. Post-CHT hypotension and acidosis (30 and 60 minutes) and decrease of hemoglobin concentration (120 minutes) were less with HS + F than with HS. We conclude that adding F to HS decreases BW without causing more increase of osmolality and Na than that caused by HS alone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
authors.forename: Olga
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Mayzler
authors.forename: Avner
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leon
authors.forename: Israel
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Eilig
authors.forename: Yulia
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fuxman
authors.forename: Moni
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benifla
authors.forename: Paulo Cesar
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Freixo
authors.forename: Boris
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gurevich
authors.forename: Ravit
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Agassi
authors.forename: Alan A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: Artru
authors.forename: Yoram
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Shapria
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000378:metabolism; D001834:Body Water / Q000502:physiology*; D001923:Brain Chemistry / Q000187:drug effects*; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005665:Furosemide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016489:Head Injuries, Closed / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010101:Oxygen Consumption / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D004232:Diuretics; D006454:Hemoglobins; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D005665:Furosemide; D012964:Sodium