title: Apolipoprotein epsilon4 advances appearance of psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Psychosis is one of the most serious complications of advanced parkinsonism, but many patients are spared. The genetic factors predisposing to psychosis are unclear.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the association between apolipoprotein E (APOE) polymorphism and the development of psychosis in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-seven patients with advanced PD were assessed. Psychosis was diagnosed in 50 patients who manifested paranoid delusions, hallucinations without insight, or disorders of perception. Time of onset of psychosis was retrieved from the medical records and caregivers' recall. APOE genotype was determined by restriction enzyme digests of amplified alleles. Cox models of logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to assess factors determining early development of psychosis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  APOE epsilon3/epsilon4 allele was carried by 20 patients (14 with psychosis), epsilon2/epsilon3 by 11 patients (10 with psychosis), epsilon3/epsilon3 by 55 patients (25 with psychosis) and epsilon2/epsilon4 by one patient who had psychosis. The mean age of onset of PD symptoms was 60.0 +/- 12.5 years. The mean duration of motor symptoms at the onset of psychosis was 7.3 +/- 4.3 years for the 15 patients harboring an APOE epsilon4 allele and 10.1 +/- 6.2 years among those who did not carry APOE epsilon4 (n = 35). The APOE epsilon4 allele was significantly associated with earlier onset of psychosis (P < 0.05) when the age of onset of motor symptoms and presence of dementia were included in the Cox regression model. Carrying the APOE epsilon4 allele was a significant risk factor for earlier appearance of psychosis with a hazard ratio of 3.24 (95% CI 1.62-6.46) while dementia by itself did not increase the risk.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Parkinson's disease patients who carry the APOE epsilon4 allele develop psychosis earlier.
authors.affiliation: Be'er Yakov Mental Health Center, Be'er Yakov, Israel.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Feldman
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Chapman
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Korczyn
mesh_terms: D017668:Age of Onset; D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D020022:Genetic Predisposition to Disease / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000150:complications* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000235:genetics*; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology* / Q000235:genetics*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D053327:Apolipoprotein E4; D001057:Apolipoproteins E