CpG DNA/zymosan complex to enhance cytokine secretion owing to the cocktail effect.
Zymosan, classified among beta-(1-->3)-d-glucans, is produced from the cell wall of yeast and well known to induce proinflammatory cytokines when ingested by immune cells. We found that zymosan forms a complex with immunostimulatory CpG DNA, where both zymosan and CpG DNA can induce cytokine secretion according to the different mechanisms (i.e., recognized by different receptors). The complex activated macrophages and induced cytokine secretion, more efficiently than separate administration of zymosan or CpG DNA. Microscopic observation showed that this increment of the cytokine secretion can be explained by the fact that zymosan and zymosan/CpG DNA complex are up-taken more than naked CpG DNA. Additionally, existence of two different immunostimulants in the same cells may enhance the immunoresponse. This report presents a new strategy to construct a delivering vehicle for CpG DNA and to enhance its activity with the 'cocktail effect' of the two immunostimulants.
Anada
Takahisa
T
Department of Chemical Processes and Environments, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 808-0135, Japan. anada@mail.tains.tohoku.ac.jp
Okada
Naoko
N
Minari
Jusaku
J
Karinaga
Ryouji
R
Mizu
Masami
M
Koumoto
Kazuya
K
Shinkai
Seiji
S
Sakurai
Kazuo
K
D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D018899:CpG Islands / Q000276:immunology* / Q000502:physiology; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D018664:Interleukin-12 / Q000378:metabolism*; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000378:metabolism*; D015054:Zymosan / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*
D015850:Interleukin-6; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D018664:Interleukin-12; D004247:DNA; D015054:Zymosan