title: Dry granulation and compression of spray-dried plant extracts.
abstract: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of dry granulation parameters on granule and tablet properties of spray-dried extract (SDE) from Maytenus ilicifolia, which is widely used in Brazil in the treatment of gastric disorders. The compressional behavior of the SDE and granules of the SDE was characterized by Heckel plots. The tablet properties of powders, granules, and formulations containing a high extract dose were compared. The SDE was blended with 2% magnesium stearate and 1% colloidal silicon dioxide and compacted to produce granules after slugging or roll compaction. The influences of the granulation process and the roll compaction force on the technological properties of the granules were studied. The flowability and density of spray-dried particles were improved after granulation. Tablets produced by direct compression of granules showed lower crushing strength than the ones obtained from nongranulated material. The compressional analysis by Heckel plots revealed that the SDE undergoes plastic deformation with a very low tendency to rearrangement at an early stage of compression. On the other hand, the granules showed an intensive rearrangement as a consequence of fragmentation and rebounding. However, when the compaction pressure was increased, the granules showed plastic deformation. The mean yield pressure values showed that both granulation techniques and the roll compaction force were able to reduce the material's ability to undergo plastic deformation. Finally, the tablet containing a high dose of granules showed a close dependence between crushing strength and the densification degree of the granules (ie, roll compaction force).
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmácia-UFRN, Av. General Cordeiro de Farias s/n, 59010-180, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. phtech@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Luiz Alberto Lira
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Soares
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: González Ortega
authors.forename: Pedro Ros
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Petrovick
authors.forename: Peter Christian
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D019245:Compressive Strength; D029755:Maytenus; D035261:Plant Components, Aerial / Q000737:chemistry; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D013607:Tablets; D013678:Technology, Pharmaceutical / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D010936:Plant Extracts; D013607:Tablets