title: Attendance, drug use patterns, and referrals made from North America's first supervised injection facility.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  North America's first government sanctioned supervised injection facility (SIF) was opened in Vancouver in response to the serious health and social consequences of injection drug use and the perseverance of committed advocates and drug user groups who demanded change. This analysis was conducted to describe the attendance, demographic characteristics, drug use patterns, and referrals made during the first 18 months of operation.
  
  
  METHODS
  As part of the evaluation strategy for the SIF, information is collected through a comprehensive on-site database designed to track attendance and the daily activities within the facility. All users of the SIF must sign a waiver form and are then entered into a database using a unique identifier of their choice. This identifier is used at each subsequent visit to provide a prospective record of attendance, drug use, and interventions.
  
  
  RESULTS
  From 10 March 2004 to 30 April 2005 inclusive, there were 4764 unique individuals who registered at the SIF. The facility successfully attracted a range of community injection drug users including women (23%) and members of the Aboriginal community (18%). Although heroin was used in 46% of all injections, cocaine was injected 37% of the time. There were 273 witnessed overdoses with no fatalities. During just 12 months of observation, 2171 individual referrals were made with the majority (37%) being referred for addiction counseling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Vancouver's SIF has successfully been integrated into the community, has attracted a wide cross section of community injection drug users, has intervened in overdoses, and initiated over 2000 referrals to counseling and other support services. These findings should be useful for other settings considering SIF trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, and BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada. mtyndall@cfenet.ubc.ca
authors.forename: Mark W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Tyndall
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kerr
authors.forename: Ruth
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Evelyn
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Julio G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Montaner
authors.forename: Evan
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wood
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D000328:Adult; D001955:British Columbia; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D003156:Community Mental Health Services / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D062787:Drug Overdose / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology; D006301:Health Services Needs and Demand / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D006801:Humans; D013287:Illicit Drugs / Q000506:poisoning; D008297:Male; D016485:Needle Sharing / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000706:statistics & numerical data / Q000639:trends; D010342:Patient Acceptance of Health Care / Q000523:psychology* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D044382:Population Groups / Q000523:psychology / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D012017:Referral and Consultation / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D016320:Substance Abuse Treatment Centers / Q000458:organization & administration* / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000208:ethnology / Q000523:psychology / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D014600:Utilization Review / Q000706:statistics & numerical data
chemical_list: D013287:Illicit Drugs