title: Crystal structure of human T cell leukemia virus protease, a novel target for anticancer drug design.
abstract: The successful development of a number of HIV-1 protease (PR) inhibitors for the treatment of AIDS has validated the utilization of retroviral PRs as drug targets and necessitated their detailed structural study. Here we report the structure of a complex of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) PR with a substrate-based inhibitor bound in subsites P5 through P5'. Although HTLV-1 PR exhibits an overall fold similar to other retroviral PRs, significant structural differences are present in several loop areas, which include the functionally important flaps, previously considered to be structurally highly conserved. Potential key residues responsible for the resistance of HTLV-1 PR to anti-HIV drugs are identified. We expect that the knowledge accumulated during the development of anti-HIV drugs, particularly in overcoming drug resistance, will help in designing a novel class of antileukemia drugs targeting HTLV-1 PR and in predicting their drug-resistance profile. The structure presented here can be used as a starting point for the development of such anticancer therapies.
authors.affiliation: Protein Structure Section, Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
authors.forename: Mi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Gary S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Laco
authors.forename: Mariusz
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Jaskolski
authors.forename: Jan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rozycki
authors.forename: Jerry
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Alexandratos
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Wlodawer
authors.forename: Alla
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gustchina
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000737:chemistry; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000737:chemistry* / Q000378:metabolism; D018360:Crystallography, X-Ray; D015195:Drug Design; D015368:Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 / Q000201:enzymology*; D006801:Humans; D008958:Models, Molecular; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011480:Protease Inhibitors / Q000737:chemistry; D017434:Protein Structure, Tertiary; D016415:Sequence Alignment; D017386:Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; D040681:Structural Homology, Protein
chemical_list: D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D011480:Protease Inhibitors; D016282:Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; C079711:HTLV-1 protease