title: Thickness of the human cranial diploe in relation to age, sex and general body build.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Earlier studies have addressed the human total cranial vault thickness and generally found no correlation with sex, age or body weight. However, the thickness of the diploe has not been investigated. Our study has determined the diploeic thickness of the human cranial vault using modern autopsy material.
  
  
  METHODS
  The diploeic bone thickness was measured in 64 individuals (43 males, 21 females) autopsied at our institute. The thickness was measured by X-raying biopsies trephined at four specific locations on the skull. Complete medical records and pathologic autopsy results were available.
  
  
  RESULTS
  There was a statistically significant difference in diploeic thickness between males and females in the frontal region only. Diploeic thickness was highly correlated with total cranial vault bone thickness, except for the left euryon in females. Subsequent analyses failed to reveal any correlations between the diploeic thickness and age and height and weight of the individual.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Males overall have a thicker diploe, albeit this difference is statistically significant only in the frontal region. We could not discern any trends as pertains to diploeic thickness versus age, height or weight. Since the thickness of the diploe may be an important parameter in biomechanical modelling of the cranial vault, this means that the diploe can be built into such models based on the total cranial thickness, except for the frontal region where the sexual dimorphism must be taken into account. Our findings are consistent with previous studies relating the total cranial thickness to the same parameters, in that we found a high correlation between diploeic and total cranial thickness (except at the left euryon for females). Finally, we recommend that future studies try to incorporate CT or MR scan imaging, rather than point sampling, in order to achieve a total assessment of the dimensionalities of the diploe.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Biological Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. n.lynnerup@antrolab.ku.dk
authors.forename: Niels
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lynnerup
authors.forename: Jacob G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Astrup
authors.forename: Birgitte
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sejrsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D001706:Biopsy; D002102:Cadaver; D002508:Cephalometry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D017678:Sex Distribution; D012886:Skull / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013008:Somatotypes / Q000502:physiology*; D055815:Young Adult