title: The tumour-suppressor genes NF2/Merlin and Expanded act through Hippo signalling to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.
abstract: Merlin, the protein product of the Neurofibromatosis type-2 gene, acts as a tumour suppressor in mice and humans. Merlin is an adaptor protein with a FERM domain and it is thought to transduce a growth-regulatory signal. However, the pathway through which Merlin acts as a tumour suppressor is poorly understood. Merlin, and its function as a negative regulator of growth, is conserved in Drosophila, where it functions with Expanded, a related FERM domain protein. Here, we show that Drosophila Merlin and Expanded are components of the Hippo signalling pathway, an emerging tumour-suppressor pathway. We find that Merlin and Expanded, similar to other components of the Hippo pathway, are required for proliferation arrest and apoptosis in developing imaginal discs. Our genetic and biochemical data place Merlin and Expanded upstream of Hippo and identify a pathway through which they act as tumour-suppressor genes.
authors.affiliation: Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
authors.forename: Fisun
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hamaratoglu
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Willecke
authors.forename: Madhuri
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kango-Singh
authors.forename: Riitta
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nolo
authors.forename: Eric
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Hyun
authors.forename: Chunyao
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tao
authors.forename: Hamed
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jafar-Nejad
authors.forename: Georg
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Halder
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D017209:Apoptosis; D002453:Cell Cycle; D049109:Cell Proliferation; D019927:Cyclin E / Q000378:metabolism; D004330:Drosophila / Q000378:metabolism*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000737:chemistry / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D016515:Genes, Neurofibromatosis 2; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000502:physiology; D009154:Mutation; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D015534:Trans-Activators / Q000378:metabolism; D015533:Transcriptional Activation; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; D000099317:Hippo Kinases
chemical_list: D019927:Cyclin E; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D047908:Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011494:Protein Kinases; D017346:Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; D015534:Trans-Activators; D000091102:YAP-Signaling Proteins; C503814:Yki protein, Drosophila; C085090:ex protein, Drosophila; C093503:wts protein, Drosophila; C499474:hpo protein, Drosophila; D000099317:Hippo Kinases