title: Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance breath-hold FLASH imaging in the diagnosis and staging of renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: Renal cell carcinoma accounts for 2% of all reported cancers. Its apparent incidence is increasing due to the more widespread use of cross-sectional imaging and as a result, tumours are being detected at an earlier stage. It is hoped that this improvement in early detection will result in a significant increase in survival rates. Radiological diagnosis and staging have a critical role in triaging patients' -treatment. Although computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound are well established in the evaluation of renal cell carcinoma, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques are still rapidly developing. In our institution breath-hold three-dimensional (3D) gadolinium-enhanced fast low-angled single shot (FLASH) spoiled gradient-echo sequence imaging has become an integral part of staging for renal cell carcinoma. In this article, we review our experience of the use of this emerging technique in the diagnosis and staging of renal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland.
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Tuite
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Geoghegan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: McCauley
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Govender
authors.forename: R J F
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Browne
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Torreggiani
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium; D006801:Humans; D007089:Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009362:Neoplasm Metastasis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology; D009367:Neoplasm Staging
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D005682:Gadolinium