title: Local radiotherapy as a complement to incomplete transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in locally advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In order to determine the effect of additional radiotherapy (RT) after an incomplete transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the treatment results of patients receiving TACE plus RT were analyzed and compared with those treated with TACE alone.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and five patients with an unresectable HCC were treated with TACE from January 1992 to December 2002. In 73 of these patients, the TACE was incomplete. Among them, TACE was repeatedly performed in 35 patients (TACE group), and the remaining 38 patients were also treated with local RT (TACERT group). The patients were either in stage III or IVa, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 2 or less, and Child-Pugh class A or B. The average frequency of TACE prior to RT was 2 and the RT was started within 7-10 days after the TACE.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The 2-year survival rate was significantly higher in the TACERT than in the TACE group (36.8 % vs. 14.3%, P=0.001). According to the tumor size, the 2-year survival rates in the TACERT and TACE groups were 63% vs. 42% in 5-7 cm (P=0.22), 50% vs. 0% in 8-10 cm (P=0.03), and 17% vs. 0% in larger than 10 cm (P=0.0002) respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There was a significantly improved survival rate in the TACERT group of unresectable HCC patients than in the TACE group, particularly in case of tumors > or =8 cm in diameter. Therefore, RT in addition to TACE is strongly recommended for patients with an unresectable HCC.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
authors.forename: Su Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Shim
authors.forename: Jinsil
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seong
authors.forename: Kwang Hyub
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Han
authors.forename: Chae Yoon
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Chon
authors.forename: Chang Ok
authors.initials: CO
authors.lastname: Suh
authors.forename: Jong Tae
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D016461:Chemoembolization, Therapeutic; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005781:Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable; D006801:Humans; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011879:Radiotherapy Dosage; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D004317:Doxorubicin