Patterns of opioid and cocaine co-use: a descriptive study in a Canadian sample of untreated opioid-dependent individuals.
This study examined prevalence and patterns of co-use of opioids and cocaine in regular users of illicit opioids (N = 729) recruited from 5 Canadian cities. Fifty-seven percent (n = 417) reported having used both opioids and cocaine in the month and week preceding the interview; of these, 73% (n = 304) were able to identify a typical pattern of daily co-use. In a typical day, injectors of opioids and cocaine (n = 119) and injectors of opioids who inhaled cocaine (n = 111) showed stable opioid use but variable cocaine use, which peaked at 21 hr. Overall, 30% of the individuals used both drugs exclusively in a sequential fashion, 35% reported taking opioids and cocaine within the same hour, and 35% reported taking them together at the same time or mixing them. These findings indicate that different individuals display different patterns of opioids and cocaine co-use.
Leri
Francesco
F
Department of Psychology, College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, ON, Canada. fleri@uoguelph.ca
Stewart
Jane
J
Fischer
Benedikt
B
Jürgen
Rehm
R
Marsh
David C
DC
Brissette
Suzanne
S
Bruneau
Julie
J
El-Guebaly
Nady
N
Noël
Lina
L
Tyndall
Mark W
MW
Wild
T Cameron
TC
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002170:Canada / Q000453:epidemiology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D019970:Cocaine-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015897:Comorbidity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology; D015995:Prevalence; D012646:Self Administration / Q000379:methods; D015819:Substance Abuse, Intravenous / Q000453:epidemiology; D013997:Time Factors
D009294:Narcotics; D003042:Cocaine