title: Treatment with the GnRH antagonist ganirelix prevents premature LH rises and luteinization in stimulated intrauterine insemination: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  This study was designed to assess whether the use of ganirelix in women undergoing stimulated IUI could prevent the occurrence of premature LH rises and luteinization (LH+progesterone rises).
  
  
  METHODS
  Women of infertile couples, diagnosed with unexplained or male factor infertility, were randomized to receive either ganirelix (n=103) or placebo (n=100) in a double-blind design. All women were treated with an individualized, low-dose rFSH regimen started on day 2-3 of cycle. Ganirelix (0.25 mg/day) was started if one or more follicles>or=14 mm were visualized. Ovulation was triggered by HCG injection when at least one follicle>or=18 mm was observed and a single IUI was performed 34-42 h later. The primary efficacy outcome was the incidence of premature LH rises (+/-progesterone rise).
  
  
  RESULTS
  In the ganirelix group, four subjects had a premature LH rise (value>or=10 IU/l), one LH rise prior to the start of ganirelix and three LH rises during ganirelix treatment, whereas in the placebo group 28 subjects had a premature LH rise, six subjects prior to the start of placebo and 22 subjects during placebo treatment. The incidence of LH rises was significantly lower in ganirelix cycles compared to placebo cycles (3.9 versus 28.0%; P=0.003 for ITT analysis). When excluding subjects with an LH value>or=10 IU/l before the start of ganirelix/placebo the incidence of LH rises was also significantly lower in ganirelix cycles compared to placebo cycles (2.9 versus 23.4%; P=0.003 for ITT analysis). Premature luteinization (LH rise with concomitant progesterone rise>or=1 ng/ml) was observed in one subject in the ganirelix group and in 17 subjects in the placebo group of which three subjects had a premature spontaneous ovulation. Ongoing pregnancy rates per attempt were 12.6 and 12.0% for the ganirelix and placebo groups respectively.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Treatment with ganirelix effectively prevents premature LH rises, luteinization in subjects undergoing stimulated IUI. Low-dose rFSH regimen combined with a GnRH antagonist may be an alternative treatment option for subjects with previous proven luteinization or in subjects who would otherwise require insemination when staff are not working.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Civic Parkdale Clinic, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. cb.lambalk@vumc.nl
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Lambalk
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leader
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Olivennes
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fluker
authors.forename: A Nyboe
authors.initials: AN
authors.lastname: Andersen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ingerslev
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Khalaf
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Avril
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Belaisch-Allart
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Roulier
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mannaerts
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000097:blood; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004958:Estradiol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000097:blood; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D006727:Hormone Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007314:Insemination / Q000187:drug effects; D007316:Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous / Q000379:methods*; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D006080:Ovarian Follicle / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D010919:Placebos; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006727:Hormone Antagonists; D010919:Placebos; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; C061018:ganirelix