title: Identification of the regulatory region of the L-type pyruvate kinase gene in mouse liver by hydrodynamics-based gene transfection.
abstract: Expression of L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) is upregulated in the liver by dietary carbohydrate. Previously, 3 carbohydrate/insulin response elements were identified in the 5'-flanking region of the L-PK gene up to bp -170. Studies of the 5'-flanking region beyond bp -183 in transgenic mice suggested that other regulatory elements may be present upstream of bp -183, but the positions of these elements were uncertain. In the present study, the existence of regulatory regions of the L-PK gene responding to stimulation by feeding was examined using in vivo hydrodynamics-based gene transfection (HT) in mouse liver. The firefly-luciferase (FL) gene, fused with various lengths of the 5'-flanking region of the L-PK gene, was introduced into mouse liver by HT. The mice had free access to a high-carbohydrate diet. In liver homogenate, luciferase activity of pL-PK(-1467)-FL (which included the 5'-flanking region from bp -1467 to +17), was markedly stimulated by feeding. 5'-Deletion up to bp -1065 caused only minor changes in luciferase activity, but further deletion up to bp -690 and bp -203 caused significant, gradual decreases in activity. Further analyses utilizing 5'-deletion mutants indicated the existence of positive regulatory regions that respond to stimulation by feeding between bp -1065 and -945, and between -300 and -203 on the L-PK gene. These results suggest that unidentified cis-acting DNA elements exist in the upstream region of the L-PK gene, and that HT is a useful approach for detecting regulatory regions of genes expressed in the liver.
authors.affiliation: Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suzuki
authors.forename: Masanobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Atsushi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Murai
authors.forename: Tatsuo
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Muramatsu
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D018014:Gene Transfer Techniques; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D008156:Luciferases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D008156:Luciferases; D011770:Pyruvate Kinase