title: Comparison of acridine orange, acriflavine, and bisbenzimide stains for enumeration of bacteria in clear and humic waters.
abstract: In highly humic water, acridine orange precipitated with dissolved humic matter, resulting in such bright background fluorescence that no bacteria could be seen. With bisbenzimide staining, a similar precipitate was nonfluorescent but obscured many cells. An acriflavine staining method proved useful and reproducible both in clear and in humic waters. Fading of fluorescence was not a problem, and stained samples could be stored after preparation. The fluorescence of cells stained with acriflavine was weaker than that with acridine orange, making counting extremely small cells slightly more difficult with the former stain.
authors.affiliation: Department of General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, SF-00280 Helsinki, and Lammi Biological Station, University of Helsinki, SF-16900 Lammi, Finland.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Bergström
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Heinänen
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Salonen