title: Age as a limiting factor for successful sperm retrieval in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine factors affecting successful sperm retrieval by testicular sperm extraction in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medical record analysis for nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome patients who underwent testicular sperm extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Three university-based tertiary centers.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-one patients with nonobstructive azoospermia related to nonmosaic Klinefelter's syndrome.
  
  
  METHODS
  Testicular sperm extraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  Correlation of patient characteristics; serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone (T); as well as testicular volume with success in testicular sperm extraction.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We succeeded in obtaining spermatozoa in 26 patients and failed in 25. Levels of LH, FSH, and T and testicular volume did not differ between patient groups defined by success and failure. Median ages for successful and failed testicular sperm extraction were 31 and 38 years, respectively (statistically significant difference). When we analyzed success rates of testicular sperm extraction between two patient groups (<35 and > or =35 years old), the percentage of successful recovery of spermatozoa decreased after the age of 35 years (statistically significant difference).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Testicular sperm extraction should be recommended before the critical age of 35 years.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. okada@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Okada
authors.forename: Kazumasa
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Goda
authors.forename: Yasuhisa
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: Nikolaos
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sofikitis
authors.forename: Ikuo
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Miyagawa
authors.forename: Yasuyuki
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Mio
authors.forename: Mitsunobu
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Koshida
authors.forename: Shigeo
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Horie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007713:Klinefelter Syndrome / Q000150:complications* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008499:Medical Records; D042282:Microdissection / Q000379:methods; D009030:Mosaicism; D009845:Oligospermia / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D010331:Paternal Age; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D020554:Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*; D013737:Testis / Q000166:cytology