title: Comparison of holding strength of suture anchors for hepatic and renal parenchyma.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Various laparoscopic devices have been described for suture anchoring during solidorgan parenchymal closure. Application of these devices expedites the closure of parenchymal defects and minimizes ischemia time. We compared different technologies as suture anchors for parenchymal closure.
  
  
  METHODS
  A tensometer was used to determine the amount of tension necessary to dislodge each of five different clips from Vicryl suture alone or against two different substrates (fresh pig kidney and liver) with and without an intervening pledget. The clips investigated were the Lapra-Ty (Ethicon), Endoclip II (US Surgical), small Horizon Ligating Clips (Weck), Hem-o-lok Medium Polymer Clips (Week), and a novel Suture-clip (Applied Medical). ANOVA and two-sided Fisher's exact test provided statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The force required to dislodge the Lapra-Ty clip from bare suture for both 0 and 1 Vicryl (7.0 N) was approximately fourfold the force required to dislodge the Endoclips or the 5-mm or 10-mm Hem-o-lok clips (p<0.01). When clips were applied to suture running through renal or liver parenchyma, the novel Suture-clip required the greatest tension to dislodge (P<0.01), followed by the Horizon and Lapra-Ty clips. There were no statistically significant differences in the tension required to dislodge a given clip from the two parenchymal substrates or in the presence or absence of a pledget.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In our experimental model, the Suture-clip, Lapra-Ty, and Horizon clips required significantly greater tension to dislodge than the Hem-o-lok and Endoclip clips. The addition of a pledget did not improve tension resistance.
authors.affiliation: Division of Urology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
authors.forename: Caroline D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Ames
authors.forename: Juan M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Perrone
authors.forename: Alison J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Frisella
authors.forename: Kevin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morrissey
authors.forename: Jaime
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Landman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004868:Equipment Failure; D007668:Kidney; D008099:Liver; D008422:Materials Testing; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013536:Suture Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*; D013537:Sutures; D013552:Swine; D013718:Tensile Strength