title: 36 kDa glycoprotein isolated from Rhus verniciflua stokes inhibits G/GO-induced mitochondrial apoptotic signal pathways in BNL CL.2 cells.
abstract: Rhus verniciflua Stokes is one of the medicinal plants traditionally used to heal and treat hepatic and inflammatory diseases. We found that a glycoprotein isolated from the fruit has a molecular weight of 36 kDa and consists of a carbohydrate component (38.75%) and a protein (61.25%), and that the glycoprotein has a strong scavenging activity against hydroxyl radicals without any pro-oxidant activity in the cell-free system. In glucose/glucose oxidase (G/GO)-induced BNL CL.2 cells, the results showed that Rhus verniciflua Stokes glycoprotein has dose-dependent blocking activities against G/GO-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis, increasing the glutathione (GSH) peroxidase activity. In the activity of the mitochondrial apoptotic mediators (cytochrome c, caspases and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP)), the glycoprotein (100 microg/ml) showed an inhibitory effect on cytochrome c release, caspase-9/3 activation, and PARP cleavage. Moreover, Rhus verniciflua Stokes glycoprotein has a stimulating effect on the nitric oxide production. Here, we speculate that this glycoprotein is one of the natural antioxidants and of the modulators of apoptotic signal pathways in BNL CL.2 cells.
authors.affiliation: 521, Molecular Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Kwang-Ju, 300 Yongbong-Dong, 500-757, South Korea.
authors.forename: Sei-Jung
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Phil-Sun
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Oh
authors.forename: Kwang
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lim
authors.forename: Kye-Taek
authors.initials: KT
authors.lastname: Lim
mesh_terms: D000975:Antioxidants / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017209:Apoptosis / Q000187:drug effects*; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases / Q000378:metabolism; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D045304:Cytochromes c / Q000378:metabolism; D053938:DNA Fragmentation; D005638:Fruit / Q000737:chemistry; D005947:Glucose; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical / Q000378:metabolism; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D009569:Nitric Oxide / Q000378:metabolism; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism; D029045:Rhus / Q000737:chemistry*; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D006023:Glycoproteins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D017665:Hydroxyl Radical; D045304:Cytochromes c; D005949:Glucose Oxidase; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases; D053148:Caspase 3; D053453:Caspase 9; D020169:Caspases; D005947:Glucose