title: Does the Aging Males' Symptoms scale assess major depressive disorder?: A pilot study.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objectives of the study were to find the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in male climacteric outpatients in Japan, and to determine whether symptoms on the Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale scores differed between patients with and without MDD, with the aim of increasing the specificity of future symptoms scales for partial androgen deficiency of the aging male (PADAM).
  
  
  METHODS
  Eighty-three patients aged 40-70 who visited the male-climacteric services as outpatients were assessed using three items: a self-administered questionnaire corresponding to diagnosis for MDD, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the AMS scale.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Almost half the patients had MDD. The total AMS score, the scores on the AMS psychological, somatic and sexual subscales, and the scores for all except three questionnaire symptoms were higher in patients with MDD. There were strong correlations between the AMS scale and the Beck Depression Inventory.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  There is a higher prevalence of MDD in male-climacteric outpatients and scores on most items of the AMS scale were higher for patients with MDD. We suggest that only those symptoms whose scores did not differ between patients with and without MDD are used to assess symptoms of PADAM in the presence of MDD, or that the current AMS is used only after diagnosis of MDD and elimination of these patients. Then the relevance of each item of the AMS to testosterone levels should be simultaneously examined in the future study, which will determine the items highly specific to PADAM symptoms.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. napo@waseda.jp
authors.forename: Nahoko Miyasaka
authors.initials: NM
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Hiroaki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kumano
authors.forename: Tomifusa
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kuboki
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D047649:Andropause; D003865:Major Depressive Disorder / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015999:Multivariate Analysis; D010865:Pilot Projects; D015995:Prevalence; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires / Q000592:standards*