title: Effect of first line therapy including efavirenz and two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in HIV-infected children.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  In an intent-to-treat study, reduction of viral load, increase in CD4 cell count, clinical benefit and adverse reactions were examined in HIV-infected children receiving first line therapy including efavirenz.
  
  
  METHODS
  The data of 10 perinatally infected children (median age: 5.8 years) were evaluated during a treatment period of 24 months. Viral load and CD4 cell count were measured every 4 - 8 weeks. Pharmacokinetic evaluations of efavirenz were performed in all patients at study onset. Adverse reactions were reported after obtaining interval history and examination.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At base line, median CD4 cell count was 378 cells/microl (21%) and median viral load was 350,000 copies/ml (5.5 log10 copies/ml). After 24 months of treatment, the median viral load reduction was > 3.5 log10 copies/ ml and HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/ml was found in 8/10 children (80%). Median CD4 cell count increased to 721 cells/microl (24%) after 3 months and was maintained at a level of >1000 cells/microl (> 25%) after 24 months of treatment. Regarding efavirenz levels, C min. values ranged from 845 to 3550 ng/ml (median: 1845 ng/ml) and C max. values from 2380 to 24 200 ng/ ml (median: 3670 ng/ml). The most common adverse effect was a mild skin rash (4/10 children). CNS symptoms were recorded in one patient and no hyperlipidaemia was seen.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  First line therapy with efavirenz and two NRTIs was well tolerated by HIV-1 infected children and the reduction of viral load seems to be similar to single protease inhibitor-containing regimens.
authors.affiliation: Children's Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany. m.funk@em.uni-frankfurt.de
authors.forename: Markus B
authors.initials: MB
authors.lastname: Funk
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Notheis
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schuster
authors.forename: Z
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Elanjkal
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: von Hentig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stürmer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Linde
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dunsch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Königs
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Wintergerst
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Kreuz
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D048588:Benzoxazines; D018791:CD4 Lymphocyte Count; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D024882:Drug Resistance, Viral; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005076:Exanthema / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D005838:Genotype; D015658:HIV Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000821:virology; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010078:Oxazines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012367:RNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D019562:Viral Load
chemical_list: D000480:Alkynes; D019380:Anti-HIV Agents; D048588:Benzoxazines; D003521:Cyclopropanes; D010078:Oxazines; D012367:RNA, Viral; D018894:Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; C098320:efavirenz