title: Cardiovascular tissue engineering: state of the art.
abstract: In patients requiring coronary or peripheral vascular bypass procedures, autogenous arterial or vein grafts remain as the conduit of choice even in the case of redo patients. It is in this class of redo patients that often natural tissue of suitable quality becomes unavailable; so that prosthetic material is then used. Prosthetic grafts are liable to fail due to graft occlusion caused by surface thrombogenicity and lack of elasticity. To prevent this, seeding of the graft lumen with endothelial cells has been undertaken and recent clinical studies have evidenced patency rates approaching reasonable vein grafts. Recent advances have also looked at developing a completely artificial biological graft engineered from the patient's cells with surface and viscoelastic properties similar to autogenous vessels. This review encompasses both endothelialisation of grafts and the construction of biological cardiovascular conduits.
authors.affiliation: Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Centre (BTEC), University Department of Surgery, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
authors.forename: Dina S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Vara
authors.forename: Henryk J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Salacinski
authors.forename: Ruben Y
authors.initials: RY
authors.lastname: Kannan
authors.forename: Laurence
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bordenave
authors.forename: George
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Hamilton
authors.forename: Alexander M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Seifalian
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001807:Blood Vessel Prosthesis; D019917:Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; D001808:Blood Vessels / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology* / Q000637:transplantation; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000637:transplantation; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000637:transplantation; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000166:cytology; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene; D034421:Sus scrofa; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods* / Q000639:trends; D014182:Transplantation, Autologous
chemical_list: D011138:Polytetrafluoroethylene