title: Trypanocidal activity of methylene blue. Evidence for in vitro efficacy and in vivo failure.
abstract: Human African trypanosomiasis remains a difficult health problem to treat because of the few compounds available nowadays and their toxicity. The disease also affects animals and is therefore responsible for economic difficulties and zoonotic risks. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs for treatment of African trypanosomiasis. Methylene blue is a safe and easy-to-use drug employed in human therapy. It is also known to have antimalarial activity. In this study, methylene blue trypanocidal activity was found in vitro but it failed to cure trypanosome infection in mice when administered at 300 mg/kg p.o.or at 200 mg/kg i.p. Differences between in vitro and in vivo activities are discussed, and further in-depth studies are warranted.
authors.affiliation: UPRES-EA 3174 Neuroparasitologie et Neuroépidémiologie tropicale, Institut d'Epidémiologie neurologique et de Neurologie tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Limoges, France.
authors.forename: Caroline
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Boda
authors.forename: Bertin
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Enanga
authors.forename: Bertrand
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Courtioux
authors.forename: J-Christian
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Breton
authors.forename: Bernard
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bouteille
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051379:Mice; D017211:Treatment Failure; D014344:Trypanocidal Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014346:Trypanosoma brucei brucei / Q000187:drug effects; D016833:Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense / Q000187:drug effects; D014353:Trypanosomiasis, African / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000469:parasitology
chemical_list: D014344:Trypanocidal Agents; D008751:Methylene Blue