title: Modest dietary K+ restriction provokes insulin resistance of cellular K+ uptake and phosphorylation of renal outer medulla K+ channel without fall in plasma K+ concentration.
abstract: Extracellular K(+) concentration ([K(+)]) is closely regulated by the concerted regulatory responses of kidney and muscle. In this study, we aimed to define the responses activated when dietary K(+) was moderately reduced from a control diet (1.0% K(+)) to a 0.33% K(+) diet for 15 days. Although body weight and baseline plasma [K(+)] (4.0 mM) were not reduced in the 0.33% K(+) group, regulatory responses to conserve plasma [K(+)] were evident in both muscle and kidney. Insulin-stimulated clearance of K(+) from the plasma was estimated in vivo in conscious rats with the use of tail venous and arterial cannulas. During infusion of insulin.(50 mU.kg(-1).min(-1)), plasma [K(+)] level fell to 3.2 +/- 0.1 mM in the 1.0% K(+) diet group and to only 3.47 +/- 0.07 mM in the 0.33% K(+) diet group (P < 0.01) with no reduction in urinary K(+) excretion, which is evidence of insulin resistance to cellular K(+) uptake. Insulin-stimulated cellular K(+) uptake was quantitated by measuring the K(+) infusion rate necessary to clamp plasma K(+) at baseline (in micromol.kg(-1).min(-1)) during 5 mU of insulin.kg(-1).min(-1) infusion: 9.7 +/- 1.5 in 1% K(+) diet was blunted to 5.2 +/- 1.7 in the 0.33% K(+) diet group (P < 0.001). Muscle [K(+)] and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity and abundance were unchanged during the 0.33% K(+) diet. Renal excretion, which was measured overnight in metabolic cages, was reduced by 80%, from 117.6 +/- 10.5 micromol/h/animal (1% K(+) diet) to 24.2 +/- 1.7 micromol/h/animal (0.33% K(+) diet) (P < 0.001). There was no significant change in total abundance of key renal K(+) transporters, but 50% increases in both renal PTK cSrc abundance and ROMK phosphorylation in the 0.33% K(+) vs. 1% K(+) diet group, previously established to be associated with internalization of ROMK. These results indicate that plasma [K(+)] can be maintained during modest K(+) restriction due to a decrease in insulin-stimulated cellular K(+) uptake as well as renal K(+) conservation mediated by inactivation of ROMK, both without a detectable change in plasma [K(+)]. The error signals inciting and maintaining these responses remain to be identified.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo St., Los Angeles, CA 90089-9142, USA.
authors.forename: Pei
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: John P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: Patrick K K
authors.initials: PK
authors.lastname: Leong
authors.forename: Li E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Anjana
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Perianayagam
authors.forename: Elisa
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Babilonia
authors.forename: Jennifer S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ho
authors.forename: Jang H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Youn
authors.forename: Wen Hui
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Alicia A
authors.initials: AA
authors.lastname: McDonough
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D007333:Insulin Resistance / Q000502:physiology*; D015640:Ion Channel Gating / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D007679:Kidney Medulla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood* / Q000378:metabolism; D015221:Potassium Channels / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D017419:Potassium, Dietary / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D015221:Potassium Channels; D017419:Potassium, Dietary; D011188:Potassium