title: Vascular pedicle ligation techniques during laparoscopic colectomy. A prospective randomized trial.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A variety of devices are available for pedicle ligation during laparoscopic colectomy including vascular staplers, clips, and electrothermal bipolar vessel-sealing devices. This study assesses their speed, reliability, and cost to guide surgeons in their choice for intracorporeal pedicle ligation.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective randomized study comparing laparoscopic vascular staplers and disposable clip appliers (S/C) with the LigaSure Atlas (LIG) was performed during elective right, left, and total colectomy. Cases were stratified by procedure. Failure was defined as any bleeding after proper pedicle ligation.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study included 48 S/C patients and 52 LIG patients with no differences in demographics, diagnosis, procedure, number of vessels ligated per procedure, or operative time. Failure occurred for 14 (9.2%) of the 152 vessels ligated in the S/C group, as compared with 5 (3%) of the 169 vessels ligated in the LIG group (p = 0.02). The median blood loss associated with device failure was 50 ml (range, 20-50 ml) in S/C group, as compared with 100 ml (range 25-800 ml) in the LIG group (p = 0.054). Major blood loss attributable to device failure and surgeon error occurred in only one LIG case. The mean cost per case of vessel ligation was significantly less in the LIG group (317 dollars +/- 0 dollars vs 400 dollars +/- 112 dollars; p < 0.001). The cost differences were greatest for total colectomy (LIG = 317 dollars +/- 0 dollars vs S/C = 565 dollars +/- 67 dollars; p = 0.002).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Device failure, although more common in the S/C group, does not result in significant blood loss. The LigaSure Atlas is more cost effective during laparoscopic colectomy, especially total colectomy, and may allow the surgeon more versatility in its application.
authors.affiliation: Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, 41 Mall Road, Burlington, MA 01805, USA. peter.w.marcello@lahey.org
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Marcello
authors.forename: P L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Roberts
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Rusin
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holubkov
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Schoetz
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D003082:Colectomy; D004868:Equipment Failure; D005260:Female; D006488:Hemostasis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000379:methods; D008026:Ligation / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013525:Surgical Instruments / Q000009:adverse effects; D013528:Surgical Staplers / Q000009:adverse effects; D014656:Vascular Surgical Procedures / Q000295:instrumentation*