title: Drugs, memory, and metamemory: a dose-effect study with lorazepam and scopolamine.
abstract: This experiment was designed to use the graded dose-related amnesia produced by the benzodiazepine lorazepam (1.0, 2.0 mg/70 kg, oral) and the anticholinergic scopolamine (0.3, 0.6 mg/70 kg, subcutaneous) as a tool to explore the cognitive and neurochemical mechanisms underlying metamemory in the judgment of learning paradigm, with a placebo-controlled independent groups design in healthy volunteers (n = 12/group). Results provide evidence for a pharmacological dissociation between effects on memory versus metamemory (relative accuracy of item-by-item monitoring) across a range of levels of memory performance and suggest that the drugs selectively impair those aspects of metamnemonic monitoring that require participants' awareness of their overall current state of functioning (absolute accuracy of prospective item-by-item monitoring, prospective global monitoring) but not those that rely solely on assessment of individual item characteristics (relative accuracy of item-by-item monitoring).
authors.affiliation: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. mmintzer@jhmi.edu
authors.forename: Miriam Z
authors.initials: MZ
authors.lastname: Mintzer
authors.forename: Roland R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Griffiths
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D002214:Capsules; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008140:Lorazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D014151:Anti-Anxiety Agents; D002214:Capsules; D018727:Muscarinic Antagonists; D012601:Scopolamine; D008140:Lorazepam