title: Assessment of phosphorus and calcium metabolism and its clinical management in hemodialysis patients in the community of Valencia.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the study was to determine the situation concerning mineral metabolism and bone disease in hemodialysis (HD) patients living in the community of Valencia (Spain), as well as the clinical practices for bone disease control in relation to the laboratory targets recommended in the National Kidney Foundation Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines.
  
  
  METHODS
  In December 2003, a cross-sectional study was performed including 2392 patients (1485 males and 907 females) from 43 different centers in the council of Valencia (the entire HD population). Mean age was 65.8 +/- 14 yrs. Cut-off levels for the study of calcium, phosphorus, calcium-phosphorus product (Ca x P) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were performed following the recommendations of the K/DOQI guidelines.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean values for calcium were 9.57 +/- 0.7 mg/dL, phosphorus 4.97 +/- 1.5 mg/dL, intact PTH (iPTH) 297 +/- 353 pg/mL, Ca x P 47.5 +/- 15 mg2/dL2. Hypocalcemia (<8.4 mg/dL) was present in 5% of patients, whereas 17.8% of patients presented hypercalcemia (>10.2 mg/dL), 60.3% of whom received vitamin D. Hypophosphoremia (<3.5 mg/dL) was present in 16% of patients, and 29% of patients presented hyperphosphoremia (>5.5 mg/dL). Ca x P was <55 mg2/dL2 in 73% of patients. Thirty one percent of patients presented secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPTH >300 pg/mL), being severe in 12% (>600 pg/mL); 43% of patients presented iPTH <150 pg/mL. Only 7.3% of patients achieved the four recommendations provided in the K/DOQI guidelines. Vitamin D treatment was administered in 48% of patients.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The population undergoing dialysis in the community of Valencia achieved targets based on the clinical recommendations of the K/DOQI guidelines as follows: 45% of patients achieved targets for calcium, 55% for phosphorus, 73% for Ca x P and 26% for iPTH levels. Surprisingly, only 7.3% of patients achieved all four targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Castellón General Hospital - Spain. maduell_fra@gva.es
authors.forename: Francisco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Maduell
authors.forename: Jose L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Gorriz
authors.forename: Luis M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Pallardo
authors.forename: Ramon
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pons
authors.forename: Carlos
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Santiago
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001847:Bone Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D015314:Dialysis Solutions / Q000737:chemistry; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000517:prevention & control; D015994:Incidence; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood*; D017410:Practice Guidelines as Topic; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D051437:Renal Insufficiency / Q000097:blood* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D013030:Spain / Q000453:epidemiology; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D050071:Bone Density Conservation Agents; D015314:Dialysis Solutions; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; D002118:Calcium