title: Mild pyelectasis diagnosed by prenatal ultrasound is not a predictor of urinary tract morbidity in childhood.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine whether children with prenatally diagnosed mild pyelectasis have more urinary tract morbidity during childhood than children without this finding.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case-control study in children with pyelectasis (anteroposterior diameter of the fetal renal pelvis of 5-10 mm). A validated questionnaire was sent to the parents of 208 cases and 416 matched controls.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The questionnaire was returned by 146 cases and 250 controls. There was a male predominance in the case group (p = < 0.0001). There was no difference in voiding habits or in prevalence of urinary tract infections (UTI). The prevalence of UTI was high: 11.6% in cases and 10.0% in controls. The only difference was a higher prevalence of constipation in the case group (p = 0.003). Postnatally, 41 children had an ultrasound examination and 16 were referred to a paediatrician or urologist: 3 had persisting pyelectasis, 3 had a recurrent UTI and 1 required surgery (a pyeloplasty). Four of the controls were referred to a paediatrician or urologist: 3 had recurrent UTI and 1 had urinary incontinence.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with a mild fetal pyelectasis do not have more urinary tract morbidity during childhood than children without this finding. Therefore, there seems to be no need for additional investigation after birth.
authors.affiliation: Department of Perinatology and Gynaecology, University Hospital Utrecht, The Netherlands. h.damen@dog.azu.nl
authors.forename: Henny A M
authors.initials: HA
authors.lastname: Damen-Elias
authors.forename: Saskia E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Luijnenburg
authors.forename: Gerard H A
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: Visser
authors.forename: Philip H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Stoutenbeek
authors.forename: Tom P V M
authors.initials: TP
authors.lastname: de Jong
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D003672:Defecation / Q000502:physiology; D004108:Dilatation, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000196:embryology / Q000453:epidemiology; D007682:Kidney Pelvis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000196:embryology*; D008297:Male; D010290:Parents; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D015995:Prevalence; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal / Q000379:methods*; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000453:epidemiology