Synthesis and characterization of new palladium-clotrimazole and palladium-chloroquine complexes showing cytotoxicity for tumor cell lines in vitro.
New palladium complexes of chloroquine (CQ) and clotrimazole (CTZ) have been prepared, characterized, and evaluated against four tumor cell lines in vitro. [Pd (CQ)2Cl2] (1) was synthesized by the reaction of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 with CQ, and the [Pd (CTZ)2Cl2] (2) complex by a similar reaction. The new compounds were characterized by a combination of FAB-MS (fast atom bombardment-mass spectrum), elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. The solid-state structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P(2(1)/c), with a = 21.100(4) A, b = 13.408(3) A, c = 22.642(5) A. The structure refinement converged at R1 = 0.0728, wR2 = 0.1918. The cytotoxicity of these two complexes for the tumor cell lines, PANC-1, SKBR-3, MDA-MB231 and HT-29, was compared with that of the original ligands. Ligation of palladium to CTZ led to an increase in the IC50, although a three-fold reduction in the IC50 of CQ was observed on ligation to the metal when tested against the MDA-MB231 cell line.
Navarro
Maribel
M
Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, IVIC Apartado 21827, Caracas 1020-A, Venezuela. mnavarro@ivic.ve
Peña
Nayarit Prieto
NP
Colmenares
Ibis
I
González
Teresa
T
Arsenak
Miriam
M
Taylor
Peter
P
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004354:Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000737:chemistry*; D020128:Inhibitory Concentration 50; D009942:Organometallic Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000737:chemistry; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds / Q000737:chemistry; D010165:Palladium / Q000737:chemistry*
D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D007093:Imidazoles; D009942:Organometallic Compounds; D009944:Organoplatinum Compounds; C509398:palladium-chloroquine; C509399:palladium-clotrimazole; D010165:Palladium; D002738:Chloroquine