title: Modulation of TAFI function through different pathways--implications for the development of TAFI inhibitors.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To elucidate the mechanism and the binding regions of monoclonal antibodies (MA) that interfere with thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)/activated thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa) activity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Of 42 MA, 19 interfere with the TAFI activation/TAFIa activity resulting in an inhibition of up to 92%. Characterization of the mechanism of inhibition revealed that 14 MA blocked the activation of TAFI by thrombin/thrombomodulin completely whereas five MA interfered directly with the enzymatic activity of TAFIa. Surprisingly, the former, except one, induced a significant reduction of clot lysis time whereas the latter did not. Affinity studies using a human/murine TAFI chimer revealed that the binding region of the 14 activation blocking MA is located between AA1 and AA67. MA that inhibit exclusively the activation of TAFI by thrombin/thrombomodulin bind to Gly66. A MA that inhibits the activation of TAFI by both thrombin/thrombomodulin and plasmin binds to Val41. The MA that interfere with the enzymatic activity bind to the TAFIa moiety.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current study reveals at least three different putative molecular targets in the search for pharmacologically active compounds to modulate TAFIa activity.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. ann.gils@pharm.kuleuven.be
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gils
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ceresa
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Macovei
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Peeters
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Compernolle
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Declerck
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001665:Binding Sites; D025901:Carboxypeptidase B2 / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D005341:Fibrinolysin / Q000378:metabolism; D014644:Genetic Variation; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D025941:Protein Interaction Mapping; D013917:Thrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D018180:Thrombomodulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D018180:Thrombomodulin; D025901:Carboxypeptidase B2; D013917:Thrombin; D005341:Fibrinolysin