title: Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa/NovoSeven) in intractable haemorrhage: use of a clinical scoring system to predict outcome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa/NovoSeven) has been advocated in the treatment of life-threatening haemorrhage, but appropriate clinical indications remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to detect factors predictive of outcome and to incorporate them into a prognostically significant scoring system.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-six patients received rFVIIa for uncontrolled surgical, traumatic or obstetric bleeding in the Northern Region of the UK over a 45-month period. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were examined. Characteristics of survivor and non-survivor groups were compared. A prognostic scoring system was evaluated retrospectively according to the presence of coagulopathy, renal impairment, hypothermia, greater than 10 units of red cell transfusion, advanced age and obstetric indication, with patients allocated to low, intermediate and high-risk groups.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Clinical response occurred in 26 patients (72%) with a reduction in prothrombin time and blood product requirements. Death occurred in 19 (53%). Four patients (11%) suffered thrombotic events. Survivors were younger than non-survivors and less likely to have coagulopathy, renal impairment or hypothermia at the time of administration. Survivors were more likely to have had an initial clinical response in terms of an immediate reduction in haemorrhage. Non-survivors were transfused a greater number of red cell units prior to administration. Survival varied according to prognostic score; low-risk patients had a survival rate of 85%, intermediate-risk patients had a survival rate of 50% and high-risk patients had a survival rate of 18%.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  FVIIa has a role in the cessation of haemorrhage, but may not improve survival. Use of a clinical scoring system may help to predict outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. tbiss@dsl.pipex.com
authors.forename: T T
authors.initials: TT
authors.lastname: Biss
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Hanley
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical / Q000401:mortality / Q000517:prevention & control*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods / Q000401:mortality; D005167:Factor VII / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D015942:Factor VIIa; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D005167:Factor VII; C103587:recombinant FVIIa; D015942:Factor VIIa