title: Celiac sprue (the great modern-day imposter).
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the current epidemiological information on celiac disease and the various presentations and associated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Epidemiologic studies reveal celiac disease to be common, occurring in approx. 1% of the population. It is being diagnosed worldwide, even in developing countries. The classic mode of presentation has become less common, with diarrhea or a malabsorption syndrome as the mode of presentation in fewer than 50% of individuals. The other major modes of presentation are iron-deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, screening of family members, or incidentally at endoscopy done for dyspepsia or reflux. Neurological presentations may include peripheral neuropathy or ataxia. Arthritis is commonly found in patients with celiac disease when systematically sought. Patients often have a previous diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. Autoimmune diseases occur more frequently (three to ten times more) in those with celiac disease than the general population. However, this increased incidence of autoimmune diseases is not prevented by early diagnosis of celiac disease.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We will review the various associated diseases/presentations of celiac disease. The heterogeneity of the symptoms can make the diagnosis challenging and certainly the great modern-day imposter.
authors.affiliation: Celiac Disease Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
authors.forename: Susie K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Peter Hr
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Green
mesh_terms: D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D002446:Celiac Disease / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology*; D019066:Facies; D006402:Hematologic Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009059:Mouth Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000209:etiology; D012216:Rheumatic Diseases / Q000209:etiology