title: An investigation of transmission ratio distortion in the central region of the human MHC.
abstract: Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) describes a significant departure from expected Mendelian inheritance ratios that is fundamental to both the biology of reproduction and statistical genetics. The relatively high fetal wastage in humans, with consequent selection of alleles in utero, makes it likely that TRD is prevalent in the human genome. The central region of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a strong TRD candidate, as it houses a number of immune and regulatory genes that may be important in pregnancy outcome. We used a nonhaplotype-based method to select 13 tagging SNPs from three central MHC candidate regions, and analysed their transmission in 380 newborns and their parents (1138 individuals). A TRD of 54:46 was noted in favour of the common allele of a promoter SNP in the CLIC1 gene (P = 0.025), with a similar distortion using haplotypes across the same gene region (P = 0.016). We also found evidence that markers in the CLIC1 gene region may have been subject to recent selection (P < 0.001). The study illustrates the potential benefits of screening for TRD and highlights the difficulties encountered therein.
authors.affiliation: Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK. neil.hanchard@green-oxford.com
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Hanchard
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rockett
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Udalova
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Koch
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nijnik
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Diakite
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Herbert
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kwiatkowski
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers; D005260:Female; D006239:Haplotypes; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha / Q000235:genetics; D008285:Major Histocompatibility Complex / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D020641:Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000074562:Receptor, Notch4; D051880:Receptors, Notch / Q000235:genetics; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D018398:Homeodomain Proteins; D008233:Lymphotoxin-alpha; C106075:NOTCH4 protein, human; C090465:PBX2 protein, human; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D000074562:Receptor, Notch4; D051880:Receptors, Notch; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha