title: Predictors of enrollment in lung cancer clinical trials.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Clinical trials may offer patients innovative therapeutic options with potentially better outcomes, which are particularly relevant for patients afflicted with lung carcinoma, because current therapies provide only modest survival benefits. Only approximately 5% of patients with newly diagnosed cancer participate in clinical trials nationwide, and African-American (AA) patients are particularly under-represented.
  
  
  METHODS
  To determine predictors of clinical trials enrollment, the authors reviewed the medical records of 427 patients with lung carcinoma (175 AA patients and 252 non-AA patients) who were eligible for clinical trials between 1994 and 1998 at the Karmanos Cancer Institute in Detroit, Michigan. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association of patient demographic characteristics and clinical trial enrollment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Ninety-one patients (21%) were enrolled onto a lung cancer clinical trial during the period of the current study. Enrollment was associated significantly with race (P < 0.001), gender (P = 0.048), age (P = 0.005), and insurance type (P = 0.024). After multivariable adjustment, only race and gender remained significant predictors of enrollment. AA patients were less likely to enroll than non-AA patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.485; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.243-0.966), and men were more likely than women to enroll (OR, 1.812; 95% CI, 1.033-3.178).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The current results suggest disparities by race and gender in the enrollment of patients onto lung cancer clinical trials and support the need to improve educational and outreach endeavors that would make clinical trials available to a wider range of eligible patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. duw@med.wayne.edu
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Du
authors.forename: Shirish M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gadgeel
authors.forename: Michael S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Simon
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D002277:Carcinoma / Q000628:therapy*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000592:standards*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018579:Patient Selection; D044469:Racial Groups; D012737:Sex Factors