title: Use of ultra-high-resolution data for temporal bone dissection simulation.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  For the past 5 years, our group has been developing a virtual temporal bone dissection environment for training otologic surgeons. Throughout the course of our development, a recurring challenge is the acquisition of high-resolution, multimodal, and multi-scale data sets that are used for the visual as well as haptic (sense of touch) display. This study presents several new techniques in temporal bone imaging and their use as data for surgical simulation.
  
  
  METHODS
  At our institution (OSU), we are fortunate to have a high-field (8 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) research magnet that provides an order of magnitude higher resolution compared to clinical 1.5T MRI scanners. Magnetic resonance imaging has traditionally been superb at delineating soft tissue structure, and certainly, the 8T unit does indeed do this at a resolution of 100-200 microm(3). To delineate the bony structure of the mastoid and middle ear, computed tomography (CT) has traditionally been used because of the high signal-to-noise ratio delineating bone signal from air and soft tissue. We have partnered with researchers at other institutions (CCF) to make use of a "microCT" that provides a resolution of 214 x 214 x 390 micrometers of bony structure.
  
  
  RESULTS
  This report provides a description of the 2 methodologies and presentation of the striking image data capable of being generated. See images presented.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Using these 2 new and innovative imaging modalities, we provide an order of magnitude greater resolution to the visual and haptic display in our temporal bone dissection simulation environment.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA. gwiet@chi.osu.edu
authors.forename: Gregory J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: Wiet
authors.forename: Petra
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Schmalbrock
authors.forename: Kimerly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Stredney
mesh_terms: D002102:Cadaver; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / Q000379:methods*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D013506:Otologic Surgical Procedures / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D013701:Temporal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000601:surgery*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods