title: [Endonasal micro-endoscopic tumor surgery: state of the art].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy of endonasal micro-endoscopic surgery for removal of benign and malignant neoplastic lesions of the paranasal sinuses and the anterior skull base.
  
  
  METHODS
  This retrospective study evaluated 350 patients with tumors of the paranasal sinuses and the anterior skull base (215 benign and 135 malignant tumors) that were treated surgically at the ENT-Department of the Hospital Fulda gAG between 1993 and 2003. Median follow-up was 65 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Most frequent entities of benign tumors were osteomas, inverted papillomas and juvenile angiofibromas. Adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas and esthesioneuroblastomas were most frequently treated in the group of malignomas. 54 % of the benign (n = 118) and 41 % of the malignant tumors (n = 54) were resected exclusively via the endonasal micro-endoscopic approach. Within the follow-up period 3 recurrencies were observed, two inverted papillomas (one was operated endonasally) and one juvenile angiofibroma. In the malignoma group 34 patients died because of tumor disease (16 cases due to recurrencies, 18 cases due to metastases formation). The 5 year survival rate was 66.4 % with respect to the disease-specific survival. The Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed statistically significant differences for the pT stage: pT2 and pT3 tumors have had a 5-year disease-specific survival of 92.3 % and 83.8 %, respectively, compared to 61.5 % of the pT4 tumors. Disease-specific survival also showed differences dependent on histology, tumor site and occurrence, but was without proven significancy. In the patient subgroup who suffered from adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma or esthesioneuroblastoma the 5-year disease-specific survival was 78.4 % of 29 patients after endonasal resection compared to 66.4 % in 51 patients operated via an external approach.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The advances in endonasal micro-endoscopic surgery also allow a safe and effective removal of benign and malignant anterior skull base tumors with low morbidity. Thereby, indication is dependent on tumor site and size as well as histology.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenkrankheiten, Kopf-, Hals- und Plastische Gesichtschirurgie, Kommunikationsstörungen, Klinikum Fulda gAG, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der Philipps-Universität Marburg. u.bockmuehl.hno@klinikum-fulda.de
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Bockmühl
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Minovi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Kratzsch
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hendus
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Draf
mesh_terms: D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008866:Microsurgery; D008875:Middle Aged; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D010255:Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D019292:Skull Base Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D016019:Survival Analysis; D016896:Treatment Outcome