title: The worried mind: autonomic and prefrontal activation during worrying.
abstract: To study the psychophysiological correlates of worrying, the authors recorded heart rate, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), skin conductance level, and alpha electroencephalographic asymmetry in healthy males during baseline, relaxation, worry induction, and anticipation of an impromptu speech task. Compared with baseline, relaxation, and anticipation, worrying was associated with greater heart rate and lower RSA. Worrying was further characterized by higher skin conductance levels compared with baseline but lower levels than during anticipation. Finally, worrying was associated with relatively greater left frontal activity compared with anticipation. Trait public speaking anxiety was positively correlated with left frontal activity during worrying. These results support the notion that worrying is a unique emotional state that is different from fearful anticipation.
authors.affiliation: Boston University.
authors.forename: Stefan G
authors.identifier: 0000-0002-3548-9681
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hofmann
authors.affiliation: Boston University.
authors.forename: David A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Moscovitch
authors.affiliation: Boston University.
authors.forename: Brett T
authors.initials: BT
authors.lastname: Litz
authors.affiliation: Boston University.
authors.forename: Hyo-Jin
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.affiliation: Boston University.
authors.forename: Lissa L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Davis
authors.affiliation: Harvard University.
authors.forename: Diego A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Pizzagalli
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology*; D001921:Brain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007839:Functional Laterality; D005712:Galvanic Skin Response / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013060:Speech; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires