title: Proven strategies to reduce cardiovascular mortality in hemodialysis patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  In hemodialysis patients, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) correlates with mortality. The reason for LVH in uremics is multifactorial. The primary objective of our study was to investigate the effects of a multi-interventional treatment strategy on LVH.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 230 ambulatory patients, including patients with coronary artery disease, diabetes, diastolic and systolic dysfunction, we continued optimized cardiac therapy (beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers) with full anemia correction by intravenous epoetin-beta. The dose of epoetin-beta for maintaining target hemoglobin (Hb) was 68 +/- 23 IU/kg/week. Serial echocardiograms were recorded every 3-6 months. The mean observation period was 4.8 +/- 1.2 years.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Mean Hb at baseline was 11.2 +/- 2.0 versus 14.1 +/- 1.4 g/dl (p < 0.001) at study end. There was a significant reduction in left ventricular mass index (LVMI: 159 +/- 50.4 vs. 130.2 +/- 42.7 g/m(2); p < 0.001). In a subgroup of 2/3 of the patients, LVMI returned to normal (169 +/- 33 vs. 114 +/- 14 g/m2; p < 0.001).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Baseline LVMI (p < 0.001), Hb increase (p < 0.03), and triple cardiac therapy (p < 0.03) were significant and independent prognostic factors for a reduction in LVMI. The annual cardiovascular mortality was 5%. Even anemia correction from 12 to 14 g/dl results in further (p < 0.001) regression of LVMI.
authors.affiliation: Nierenzentrum, Kuratorium fur Heimdialyse und Nierentransplantation, Berlin, Germany. wh189@web.de
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hampl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hennig
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rosenberger
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gogoll
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Riedel
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Scherhag
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000740:Anemia / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D004921:Erythropoietin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D017379:Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014511:Uremia / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D047228:Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C103998:epoetin beta; D004921:Erythropoietin