title: Endothelial function, CRP and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Apart from traditional risk factors, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, malnutrition and endothelial dysfunction are important in CVD development in renal patients. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), endothelium dependent vasodilation (EDV) and oxidative stress markers in patients with CKD K/DOQI stage 3-5.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurements of CRP, conjugated dienes (CD), lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH), oxidized low density lipoprotein,glutathione and albumin were performed in 44 consecutive patients with CKD stage 3-5. EDV was measured by methacholine infusion in the brachial artery and venous occlusion plethysmography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients with high CRP had significantly lower glomerular filtration rates and albumin, but increased LOOH and CD. In multiple regression analysis, only LOOH and CD remained significant. Patients with poor EDV had increased urea and lower glutathione (GSH). In multiple regression analysis, GSH and urea were independently related to EDV. No correlation was found between CRP and endothelial function.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  CRP was related to lipid peroxidation, while endothelial function was related to intracellular oxidative stress in patients with CKD. CRP and EDV were unrelated to each other. Therefore, CRP and endothelial function could provide complementary prognostic information regarding future cardiovascular disorders in renal patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala - Sweden.
authors.forename: Margus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Annuk
authors.forename: Inga
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Soveri
authors.forename: Mihkel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zilmer
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: Johannes
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hulthe
authors.forename: Bengt
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Fellström
mesh_terms: D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001916:Brachial Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000378:metabolism*; D018450:Disease Progression; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000097:blood* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008054:Lipid Peroxides / Q000097:blood; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology*; D010991:Plethysmography; D011379:Prognosis; D014664:Vasodilation / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D008054:Lipid Peroxides; D008077:Lipoproteins, LDL; C099252:oxidized low density lipoprotein; D002097:C-Reactive Protein