title: Comminuted refracture of the distal femur and condyles in patients with an intramedullary nail: a report of 5 cases.
abstract: Patients with in situ intramedullary nails sustaining a second distal femoral fracture following high-velocity trauma are infrequently reported in the literature. We report 5 such patients who sustained a second injury after 6 to 24 months, resulting in another fracture at the nail-tip level. These second fractures severely comminuted the femoral condyles. These patients required removal of the intramedullary nail, reconstruction of the comminuted femoral condyles, and stabilisation using an angled or buttress plate. Four of the 5 patients were followed up for a mean period of 36 months and were evaluated for knee status and outcome using Judet's criteria. Postoperative knee stiffness was common, and further interventions such as manipulation, hardware removal, arthrolysis, and quadricepsplasty were needed. One patient was lost to follow-up. The final results of the knees were good, with more than 100 degrees range of movement. It is important to adhere to established internal fixation protocols in the treatment of these complex nail tip fractures.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Sen
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Gul
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Aggarwal
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Kumar
authors.forename: O N
authors.initials: ON
authors.lastname: Nagi
mesh_terms: D000063:Accidents, Traffic; D000328:Adult; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001860:Bone Plates; D005264:Femoral Fractures / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery*; D005594:Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary / Q000009:adverse effects*; D018460:Fractures, Comminuted / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D012086:Reoperation; D016896:Treatment Outcome