title: Adverse effects of fluoroscopically guided interlaminar thoracic epidural steroid injections.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the prevalence of adverse effects or complications from fluoroscopically guided thoracic interlaminar epidural steroid injections.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective study with independent observer review. Patients presenting with thoracic radicular pain, caused by either herniated nucleus pulposus or thoracic spondylosis as confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging, received an interlaminar thoracic epidural steroid injection as part of a conservative-care treatment plan. The study was performed in a multidisciplinary spine care center. All injections were performed over a 5-yr period. An independent observer reviewed medical charts, which included a 24-hr postprocedure standardized questionnaire completed by telephone by an ambulatory surgical center nurse. Ambulatory surgical center operative reports and physician follow up office notes up to 3 mos after the procedures, along with epidurograms, were also reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 21 patients who received 39 injections were reviewed. Adverse effects or complications per injection observed included three with increased pain at injection site (7.7%), two with facial flushing (5.1%), one transient nonpositional headache (2.6%), one episode of insomnia the night of the injection (2.6%), and one episode of fever the night of the procedure (2.6%). Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference based on diagnosis (herniated nucleus pulposus vs. spondylosis, P = 0.9156), and age was not linked to higher prevalence of adverse/effects complications (P = 0.3137).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  No major complication arose. Adverse effects did occur with a rate of 20.5%. All adverse effects resolved without morbidity. No statistical difference was observed in the rate of adverse effects in patients with herniated nucleus pulposus or spondylosis.
authors.affiliation: Florida Spine Institute, Clearwater, 33765, USA.
authors.forename: Kenneth P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Botwin
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baskin
authors.forename: Sanjiv
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Rao
mesh_terms: D017677:Age Distribution; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D005334:Fever / Q000209:etiology; D005471:Fluoroscopy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D005483:Flushing / Q000209:etiology; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000188:drug therapy*; D016365:Liability, Legal; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019547:Neck Pain / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D007319:Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013128:Spinal Osteophytosis / Q000188:drug therapy*; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013904:Thoracic Vertebrae
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids