title: Parkinson's disease: aetiology, diagnosis, and management.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To review the aetiology, diagnosis, and management of Parkinson's disease, with a local perspective.
  
  
  METHODS
  Medline from 1966 onwards, and all major neurological journals and movement disorder journals were searched for evidence on the aetiology, diagnosis, and management of Parkinson's disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  Key words for the literature search were "Parkinson's disease" and "Chinese" or "Hong Kong".
  
  
  METHODS
  All relevant articles in English were reviewed.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The number of promising genes for familial Parkinson's disease is still expanding rapidly and there has been a wealth of studies on susceptibility genes for Parkinson's disease. Potential treatment choices include the use of agents thought to be neuroprotective, symptomatic treatment with drugs or surgery, and non-pharmacological treatments. Pharmacological treatment using a dopa-sparing strategy and continuous dopaminergic stimulation is now gaining support to address the issue of long-term motor complications. Surgical treatment with deep brain stimulation is safe and effective for refractory cases and has been increasingly utilised locally.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Medical therapy remains the mainstay of treatment and newer agents and treatment approaches are emerging, which will hopefully address the issue of neuroprotection and provide symptomatic treatment with fewer motor complications.
authors.affiliation: Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mok
mesh_terms: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006723:Hong Kong / Q000453:epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy*; D015995:Prevalence
chemical_list: D000978:Antiparkinson Agents