title: Use of a single question to screen trauma patients for alcohol dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Alcohol-dependent trauma patients are known to be at future risk for both recidivism and mortality. Psychological tools exist to screen for alcohol-dependent disorders, and among patients with alcohol-dependent disorders, a brief intervention has been shown to modify behavior. However, the training involved and time required to administer these tools may decrease their utility. We explored the possibility that yet simpler screening tools could be used.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective consecutive study was designed whereby all adult patients admitted to the trauma service were asked to participate in the study. If consent was obtained, one trained member of the research team would apply a standard alcohol-misuse screening tool (i.e., the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]). One hundred forty-nine patients met criteria and agreed to participate. Fully completed questionnaires were then subjected to statistical analysis.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Among the 149 participating patients, 36% were women and 64% were men, and 146 had blood alcohol levels (BALs) drawn. Those 146 patients form the basis of this report. Fifty-seven of the 146 (39%) patients had positive BALs and, among them, 74% of men and 54% of women recorded screening results consistent with harmful or dependent drinking. Among those with negative blood alcohol levels, 8% of women and 13% of men had scores consistent with harmful or dependent drinking by the AUDIT score. In both groups of patients, a cutoff of three or more drinks per day as a response to question 2 on the AUDIT (i.e., "On a typical day when you are drinking, how many drinks do you have?") correlated strongly with scores on the entire screening tool (AUDIT) in identifying those at risk for alcohol misuse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  It may be reasonable to substitute a single question for the entire AUDIT screening instrument to screen for those at risk for alcohol misuse. If so, this single question could easily be incorporated into the history taken among patients admitted to a trauma service. Confirmation with a larger study is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, East Lansing, USA. donald.reed@hc.msu.edu
authors.forename: Donald N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Saxe
authors.forename: Marcel
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Montanez
authors.forename: Rebecca
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Kotlowski
authors.forename: Daniel A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Brancheau
authors.forename: D Chris
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Coffey
authors.forename: Mischa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Pollard
authors.forename: Hiram
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fitzgerald
authors.forename: Kimberly
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Barber
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Wolf
mesh_terms: D000435:Alcoholic Intoxication / Q000150:complications*; D000437:Alcoholism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008403:Mass Screening; D008824:Michigan; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D014947:Wounds and Injuries / Q000150:complications*