title: Therapeutic percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis in three dogs with extrahepatic biliary obstruction and pancreatitis.
abstract: Three dogs were examined because of acute pancreatitis. In all 3, distension of the gallbladder was seen ultrasonographically, and extrahepatic biliary tract obstruction (EHBO) was diagnosed on the basis of ultrasonographic findings and serum biochemical abnormalities (i.e., high serum bilirubin and cholesterol concentrations and increased hepatic enzyme activities). In all 3 dogs, percutaneous ultrasound-guided cholecystocentesis (PUCC) was used to decompress the gallbladder, with cholecystocentesis performed multiple times in 1 dog. Serum bilirubin concentration was substantially decreased following the procedure in all 3 dogs. Two of the 3 dogs did not require surgery to resolve the obstruction. In the third dog, an exploratory laparotomy was performed because of concerns about development of abdominal effusion following the procedure. Bile staining of the mesenteric fat was seen during the laparotomy, but no defect in the gallbladder wall could be identified. In most dogs with EHBO secondary to pancreatitis, the obstruction resolves spontaneously as the acute pancreatitis improves so that surgery is not required. In those few dogs in which EHBO does not resolve or in which EHBO results in complications, therapeutic PUCC may be useful in relieving gallbladder distension.
authors.affiliation: VCA Veterinary Referral Associates, 15021 Dufief Mill Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA.
authors.forename: Beth A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Herman
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Brawer
authors.forename: Robert J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Murtaugh
authors.forename: Susan G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Hackner
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001662:Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D001774:Blood Chemical Analysis / Q000662:veterinary; D002779:Cholestasis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D019299:Decompression, Surgical / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D004285:Dogs; D004322:Drainage / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D005705:Gallbladder Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D010195:Pancreatitis / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography