title: Hot iron branding--not a reasonable requirement for international trade in live ruminants.
abstract: "Brand" means a permanent identification mark of which the letters, numbers and figures used are each three (3) inches or more in length or diameter and are humanely burned into the hide of a live animal with a hot iron or tattoo or caustic chemical substance and is to be considered in relation to its location on the animal and the term relates to both the mark and location.
authors.affiliation: Chair CVMA Animal Welfare Committee, Manitoba Agriculture, Food and Rural Initiatives, Veterinary Services Branch, 545 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba. twhiting@gov.mb.ca
authors.forename: Terry L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Whiting
mesh_terms: D000823:Animal Identification Systems / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D000827:Animal Welfare; D000818:Animals; D002170:Canada; D003132:Commerce; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D007391:International Cooperation; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D012418:Ruminants; D014481:United States