title: Differential expression of S100A2 and S100A4 in lung adenocarcinomas: clinicopathological significance, relationship to p53 and identification of their target genes.
abstract: Previous studies suggest that some S100 proteins are involved in the progression of certain types of cancer. However, no comprehensive data is currently available on the expression of S100 family genes in lung adenocarcinomas. Oligonucleotide array, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses of lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and bronchiolar epithelial cells (SAEC and NHBE) revealed that S100A2 and S100A4 were the most strikingly downregulated and upregulated members of the S100 family, respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses of 94 primary lung adenocarcinomas showed that positive S100A2 expression (33/94, 35.1%) was significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (P=0.0233) and positive S100A4 expression (19/94, 20.2%) with vascular invasion (P=0.0454). Interestingly, a strong inverse relationship was found between S100A4 and p53 expression (P=0.0008). Survival analyses showed that S100A4 positivity was associated with poor patient prognosis (P=0.042). S100A2 positivity was not associated with patient survival when the whole patient group was analyzed; however, S100A2 positivity was a favorable prognostic indicator in patients with p53-negative tumors (P=0.0448). Finally, we used oligonucleotide array analyses and identified potential S100A2 and S100A4 target genes involved in cancer progression: S100A2 induced RUNX3 and REPRIMO; S100A4 induced EZRIN, RUNX1 and WISP1; S100A2 repressed EGFR, NFKB2 and RELA2; and S100A4 repressed ANXA10 and IL1RN. Thus, the present study demonstrates involvement of S100A2 and S100A4 in the progression of lung adenocarcinomas and an inverse association between S100A4 and p53 expression, and provides a list of targets regulated by S100A2 and S100A4.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Pathology, School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Matsubara
authors.forename: Toshiro
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Niki
authors.forename: Shumpei
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Ishikawa
authors.forename: Akiteru
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: Etsuko
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ohara
authors.forename: Takehiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokomizo
authors.forename: Claus W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Heizmann
authors.forename: Hiroyuki
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Aburatani
authors.forename: Sachiko
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Hirokazu
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Nobuaki
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Funata
authors.forename: Masashi
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fukayama
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001483:Base Sequence; D001980:Bronchi / Q000166:cytology; D002460:Cell Line; D045744:Cell Line, Tumor; D002630:Chemotactic Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D017931:DNA Primers; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D016158:Genes, p53; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D020545:Respiratory Mucosa / Q000166:cytology; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction / Q000379:methods; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D016019:Survival Analysis
chemical_list: D002630:Chemotactic Factors; D017931:DNA Primers; D000071999:S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4; D009418:S100 Proteins; C098997:S100A2 protein, human; C077591:S100A4 protein, human