title: Monitoring device safety in interventional cardiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A variety of postmarketing surveillance strategies to monitor the safety of medical devices have been supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, but there are few systems to automate surveillance. Our objective was to develop a system to perform real-time monitoring of safety data using a variety of process control techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  The Web-based Data Extraction and Longitudinal Time Analysis (DELTA) system imports clinical data in real-time from an electronic database and generates alerts for potentially unsafe devices or procedures. The statistical techniques used are statistical process control (SPC), logistic regression (LR), and Bayesian updating statistics (BUS).
  
  
  METHODS
  We selected in-patient mortality following implantation of the Cypher drug-eluting coronary stent to evaluate our system. Data from the University of Michigan Consortium Bare-Metal Stent Study was used to calculate the event rate alerting boundaries. Data analysis was performed on local catheterization data from Brigham and Women's Hospital from July 1, 2003, shortly after the Cypher release, to December 31, 2004, including 2,270 cases with 27 observed deaths.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The single-stratum SPC had alerts in months 4 and 10. The multistrata SPC had alerts in months 5, 10, and 18 in the moderate-risk stratum, and months 1, 4, 7, and 10 in the high-risk stratum. The only cumulative alerts were in the first month for the high-risk stratum of the multistrata SPC. The LR method showed no monthly or cumulative alerts. The BUS method showed an alert in the first month for the high-risk stratum.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The system performed adequately within the Brigham and Women's Hospital Intranet environment based on the design goals. All three cumulative methods agreed that the overall observed event rates were not significantly higher for the new medical device than for a closely related medical device and were consistent with the observation that the initial concerns about this device dissipated as more data accumulated.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. mmatheny@dsg.harvard.edu
authors.forename: Michael E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Matheny
authors.forename: Lucila
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Ohno-Machado
authors.forename: Frederic S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Resnic
mesh_terms: D001499:Bayes Theorem; D002309:Cardiology; D003199:Computer Systems; D016208:Databases, Factual; D004868:Equipment Failure; D004869:Equipment Safety; D017052:Hospital Mortality; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing / Q000379:methods*; D012984:Software; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D015607:Stents / Q000009:adverse effects