title: The experience of carers of patients with severe mental illness: a comparison between London and Bologna.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The experience of care giving inventory (ECI) is a self-reported measure of the caregiving experience as seen by the carer of a person with a serious mental illness. It comprises eight negative subscales and two positive subscales; positive and negative scores are obtained from these (ECI total positive and ECI total negative). This study aims to assess the validity and the reliability of the Italian version of the ECI and to compare the experience of carers in London and Bologna as measured by the ECI.
  
  
  METHODS
  The sample consisted of 95 Bologna carers and 69 London carers of patients suffering from a functional psychotic disorder. The internal consistency of the Italian ECI and correlation between the Italian ECI total negative and the GHQ-12 (external validity) were estimated. Independent t-tests and chi-squared tests were used to compare sample characteristics and mean ECI scores. Regression analyses were used to control for confounders.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Internal consistency and validity of the Italian ECI were similar to these previously found. The Bologna caregivers had a higher ECI total negative than London carers; this difference was partially explained by worse patients' functioning and by a higher proportion of parents in Bologna. Bologna carers scored significantly lower on ECI total positive after controlling for relationship and patient functioning.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Italian ECI is a well-accepted and valid instrument to describe caregiving experiences. The similar scores in ECI total negative between London and Bologna underline a cross-cultural consistency of negative experience of caregiving and re-emphasise the importance of patients functioning in different cultural contexts. The differences found for ECI total positive suggest area for further research.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry P. Ottonello, University of Bologna, Viale Pepoli 5, 40100 Bologna Italy. ilariata@alma.unibo.it
authors.forename: Ilaria
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tarricone
authors.forename: Morven
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Leese
authors.forename: George I
authors.initials: GI
authors.lastname: Szmukler
authors.forename: Mariano
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bassi
authors.forename: Domenico
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Berardi
mesh_terms: D001294:Attitude to Health / Q000208:ethnology*; D017028:Caregivers / Q000523:psychology*; D002391:Catchment Area, Health; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D003710:Demography; D039721:Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000628:therapy*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D006113:United Kingdom