title: A controlled trial of methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common among adult patients with substance use disorders. The benefits of treating ADHD in these patients are uncertain and the prescription of psychostimulants is disputed, because of the risk of abuse. This study examined the short-term effectiveness of methylphenidate treatment for ADHD in adults with substance use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  Double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple cross-over (A-B-A-B design) comparative trial of methylphenidate versus placebo.
  
  
  METHODS
  In-patient addiction treatment facility.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-five patients with ADHD who were receiving in-patient treatment for various substance use disorders.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the course of 8 weeks, each participant completed two phases of placebo and two phases of active medication treatment, in a fixed low-dosage schedule (up to 0.6 mg/kg/day). Abstinence was maintained during the study.
  
  
  METHODS
  The outcome measure was ADHD symptomatology, as measured with the ADHD rating scale-IV. The results were compared using MANOVA repeated measures.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Nineteen of the 25 patients completed the trial. A significant reduction in ADHD symptoms was observed in the first week in both conditions. The positive response to active treatment (nine patients; 36%) was not significantly higher than that to placebo (five patients; 20%).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In this small pilot study, the effect of low-dose methylphenidate in adult ADHD patients with concomitant substance use disorders is limited. ADHD symptoms in adults were susceptible to a distinct short-term placebo response.
authors.affiliation: Novadic-Kentron, Network for Addiction Treatment Services, Sint-Oedenrode, the Netherlands. pjcarpentier@planet.nl
authors.forename: Pieter J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Carpentier
authors.forename: Cor A J
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: de Jong
authors.forename: Boukje A G
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Dijkstra
authors.forename: Cor A G
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Verbrugge
authors.forename: Paul F M
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Krabbe
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001289:Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D018592:Cross-Over Studies; D017831:Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008774:Methylphenidate / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D011594:Psychometrics; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D000697:Central Nervous System Stimulants; D008774:Methylphenidate