title: Treatment of a second carpal bone fracture by removal under ultrasonographic guidance in a horse.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To report an unusual 2nd carpal bone (C2) slab fracture and its treatment, using an ultrasonographically assisted, minimally invasive arthrotomy technique, for fragment removal.
  
  
  METHODS
  Case report.
  
  
  METHODS
  An 11-year-old crossbred Warmblood gelding.
  
  
  METHODS
  A bone fragment, spanning the height of C2, identified on the palmaromedial aspect of C2 was demarcated intraoperatively using ultrasonographically guided needles and removed by arthrotomy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Fracture fragment removal was achieved using a small, ultrasonographically guided arthrotomy. The horse has become sound after treatment and returned to the previous level of pleasure riding activity.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Perioperative ultrasonography was used to delineate and facilitate removal of an unusual slab fragment of C2, through a minimally sized arthrotomy. Despite the presence of pancarpal osteoarthritis and partial involvement of the medial collateral ligament, the prognosis appeared to be satisfactory for this pleasure riding horse.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Ultrasonographic guidance may be used to optimize the approach to C2 articular bony fragments that may not be observed using arthroscopy.
authors.affiliation: Département hippique, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy-l'Etoile, France. c.piccot@vet-lyon.fr
authors.forename: Cyrille
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Piccot-Crézollet
authors.forename: Eddy R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Cauvin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D003646:Debridement / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D006736:Horses / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D050279:Metacarpal Bones / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery*; D011379:Prognosis; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*