title: The economic value of an improved malaria treatment programme in Zambia: results from a contingent valuation survey.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Zambia is facing a double crisis of increasing malaria burden and dwindling capacity to deal with the endemic malaria burden. The pursuit of sustainable but equity mechanisms for financing malaria programmes is a subject of crucial policy discussion. This requires that comprehensive accounting of the economic impact of the various malaria programmes. Information on the economic value of programmes is essential in soliciting appropriate funding allocations for malaria control.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  This paper specifically seeks to elicit a measure of the economic benefits of an improved malaria treatment programme in Zambia. The paper also studies the equity implications in malaria treatment given that demand or malaria treatment is determined by household socio-economic status.
  
  
  METHODS
  A contingent valuation survey of about 300 Zambian households was conducted in four districts. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) was elicited for an improved treatment programme for malaria in order to generate a measure of the economic benefits of the programme. The payment card method was used in eliciting WTP bids.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The study reports that malaria treatment has significant economic benefits to society. The total economic benefits of an improved treatment programme were estimated at an equivalent of USD 77 million per annum, representing about 1.8% of Zambia's GDP. The study also reports the theoretically anticipated association between WTP and several socio-economic factors. Our income elasticity of demand is positive and similar in magnitude to estimates reported in similar studies. Finally, from an equity standpoint, the constraints imposed by income and socio-economic status are discussed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Economics, University of Zambia, P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia. fmasiye@yahoo.com
authors.forename: Felix
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Masiye
authors.forename: Clas
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rehnberg
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D003710:Demography; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000191:economics* / Q000628:therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D018803:Models, Economic; D008962:Models, Theoretical; D011634:Public Health / Q000191:economics*; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D015024:Zambia