title: Children's residential exposure to chlorpyrifos: application of CPPAES field measurements of chlorpyrifos and TCPy within MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides model.
abstract: The comprehensive individual field-measurements on non-dietary exposure collected in the Children's-Post-Pesticide-Application-Exposure-Study (CPPAES) were used within MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides, a physically based stochastic human exposure and dose model. In this application, however, the model was run deterministically. The MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides employed the CPPAES as input variables to simulate the exposure and the dose profiles for seven children over a 2-week post-application period following a routine residential and professional indoor crack-and-crevice chlorpyrifos application. The input variables were obtained from a personal activity diary, microenvironmental measurements and personal biomonitoring data obtained from CPPAES samples collected from the individual children and in their homes. Simulation results were compared with CPPAES field measured values obtained from the children's homes to assess the utility of the different microenvironmental data collected in CPPAES, i.e. indicator toys and wipe samplers to estimate aggregate exposures that can be result from one or more exposure pathways and routes. The final analyses of the database involved comparisons of the actual data obtained from the individual biomarker samples of a urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and the values predicted by MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides using the CPPAES-derived variables. Because duplicate diet samples were not part of the CPPAES study design, SHEDs-Pesticides simulated dose profiles did not account for the dietary route. The research provided more confidence in the types of data that can be used in the inhalation and dermal contact modules of MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides to predict the pesticide dose received by a child. It was determined that we still need additional understanding about: (1) the types of activities and durations of activities that result in non-dietary ingestion of pesticides and (2) the influence of dietary exposures on the levels of TCPy found in the urine.
authors.affiliation: Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
authors.forename: Paromita
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hore
authors.forename: Valerie
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Zartarian
authors.forename: Jianping
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Xue
authors.forename: Halûk
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Ozkaynak
authors.forename: Sheng-Wei
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: Yu-Ching
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Yang
authors.forename: Pei-Ling
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: Chu
authors.forename: Linda
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Sheldon
authors.forename: Mark
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Robson
authors.forename: Larry
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Needham
authors.forename: Dana
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Barr
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Freeman
authors.forename: Panos
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Georgopoulos
authors.forename: Paul J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Lioy
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D016902:Air Pollution, Indoor / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D004390:Chlorpyrifos / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D004781:Environmental Exposure / Q000032:analysis*; D004784:Environmental Monitoring; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D010575:Pesticides / Q000032:analysis* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine; D010988:Play and Playthings
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D010575:Pesticides; D004390:Chlorpyrifos