title: Micro-tensile bond strength between a resin cement and an aluminous ceramic treated with Nd:YAG laser, Rocatec System, or aluminum oxide sandblasting.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different surface treatments on bond strength between In-Ceram Alumina (VITA) and Panavia Fluoro Cement (Kuraray), and to verify the association between bond strength values and the percentage of remaining cement on the ceramic surface.
  
  
  BACKGROUND
  Although several conventional surface treatments have been used on aluminous ceramic, no study investigated the effect of the Nd:YAG laser.
  
  
  METHODS
  Nine In-Ceram Alumina blocks (10 x 10 x 6 mm) received three surface treatments: group 1, Al(2)O(3) sandblasting + silane; group 2, Al(2)O(3) sandblasting + Rocatec Plus + silane; and group 3, Al(2)O(3) sandblasting + Nd:YAG Laser + silane. Resin cement was applied and light cured, followed by the application of composite. Blocks were sectioned to obtain sticks with a cross-sectional area of 1.0 mm(2). Microtensile bond strength (microTBS) was recorded in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Scanning electron microscopy images of the fractured areas were used to calculate the amount of remaining cement on the ceramic substrate.
  
  
  RESULTS
  All treatments yielded statistically different microTBS values (MPa): group 1, 14.38(A); group 2, 20.09(B); and group 3, 23.21(C) (ANOVAand Tukey's test, alpha = 0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient for microTBS x percentage of remaining cement was r = 0.92 (p < 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The Nd:YAG laser was the most effective surface treatment, followed by Rocatec and Al(2)O(3) sandblasting. A strong positive association was found between bond strength values and percentage of remaining cement.
authors.affiliation: Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
authors.forename: Bruno Lopes
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: da Silveira
authors.forename: Adriane
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Paglia
authors.forename: Luiz Henrique
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Burnett
authors.forename: Rosemary Sadami Arai
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Shinkai
authors.forename: Carlos de Paula
authors.initials: Cde P
authors.lastname: Eduardo
authors.forename: Ana Maria
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Spohr
mesh_terms: D000537:Aluminum Oxide; D002516:Ceramics; D001840:Dental Bonding / Q000379:methods*; D003775:Dental Polishing; D006801:Humans; D007834:Lasers; D008422:Materials Testing; D019279:Resin Cements; D013718:Tensile Strength
chemical_list: D019279:Resin Cements; D000537:Aluminum Oxide