title: Micrometer scale ex vivo multiphoton imaging of unstained arterial wall structure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  We characterize the application of multiphoton microscopy to the observation of the extracellular matrix of fresh unstained vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  Combined two-photon-excited fluorescence (2PEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of large arteries reveals the architecture of elastin and collagen fibers in the vessel wall with remarkable specificity.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We present elastin/collagen imaging in unstained rat vessels at both micrometer and whole vessel scales, and we characterize the optical properties of rat carotid artery and aorta walls. We apply this method to evidence deleterious effects of residual doses of a pesticide on the vessel wall.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study illustrates the potential of 2PEF/SHG microscopy for pharmacological studies in unlabeled arteries.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, CNRS/INSERM, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Boulesteix
authors.forename: A-M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Pena
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Pagès
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Godeau
authors.forename: M-P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Sauviat
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Beaurepaire
authors.forename: M-C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Schanne-Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003094:Collagen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004549:Elastin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D036641:Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; D051381:Rats; D017207:Rats, Sprague-Dawley
chemical_list: D003094:Collagen; D004549:Elastin