title: Metabolic factors and the foveal avascular zone of the retina in diabetes mellitus.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To study the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of the central retina in diabetic patients with retinopathy having undergone metabolic evaluation.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred and ten digital fluorescein angiograms were chosen from our digital image bank after cross matching diabetic patient lists of the ophthalmology and endocrinology departments of our institution. The patients had undergone day visits with systemic, biological and ophthalmologic evaluation, including digital fluorescein angiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Sex ratio was M 62/F 48. Average age was 52.4 years (+/- 13.8) with 44 type 1 diabetics and 66 type 2. Retinopathy was present in all patients (54 background (BDR), 30 pre-proliferative (PPDR), 26 proliferative (PDR)). Age was positively correlated with FAZ grade (47.3 years +/- 13.2 for normal FAZ, 53.8 years +/- 13.7 for abnormal FAZ, P=0.03). Lipid profile showed a protective tendency of the Apo A1 fraction of cholesterol on macular vascularization (1.7 gr./l in normal FAZ patients vs 1.43 gr./l in abnormal FAZ patients, P=0.004). Body mass index was negatively correlated with macular ischemia (28.11 if FAZ not severely altered, 25.97 if FAZ severely altered, P=0.03).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We found possible relations between BMI and Apo A 1 cholesterol and macular vascularization which may warrant further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Ophthalmology department, Hôpital de la Timone, France. john.conrath@ap-hm.fr
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Conrath
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Giorgi
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Ridings
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Raccah
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D015992:Body Mass Index; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005451:Fluorescein Angiography; D005584:Fovea Centralis / Q000098:blood supply*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012171:Retinal Vessels / Q000473:pathology*