title: Adverse reactions of low osmolar non-ionic and ionic contrast media when used together or separately during percutaneous coronary intervention.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Due to perceived advantages in the use of non-ionic contrast agents for diagnostic angiography and ionic agents for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), patients often receive various combinations of both types of agents.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess potential adverse effects of non-ionic and ionic contrast media when used together or separately during percutaneous coronary intervention.
  
  
  METHODS
  We retrospectively evaluated the outcomes of 532 patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in our institution. Patients were divided into two groups: those that underwent diagnostic angiography and "follow on" PCI; and those that underwent "planned" PCI. The groups were subdivided on the basis of the use of the ionic agent ioxaglate or the non-ionic agent iopromide during PCI. The frequency of allergic reactions and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were noted.
  
  
  RESULTS
  With respect to the "follow on" group, allergic reactions occurred in 9 of 150 patients (6.0%) who received the combination of ioxaglate and iopromide versus 1 of 93 (1.1%) who only received iopromide (p=0.094). There was no difference with respect to MACE [6 (4.0%) ioxaglate and iopromide versus 4 (4.3%) iopromide alone, p=1.00]. In the "planned" group, 7 of 165 patients (4.2%) receiving ioxaglate had an allergic reaction as opposed 0.0% (0 of 124 patients) in the iopromide group (p=0.021). All contrast reactions were mild. The incidence of a MACE was similar in both groups [1 (0.6%) ioxaglate versus 2 (1.6%) iopromide, p=0.579]. The incidence of allergic reactions was similar if ioxaglate was used alone or in combination with iopromide (p=0.478).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Whilst combining ionic and non-ionic contrast agents in the same procedure was not associated with any more adverse reactions than using an ionic contrast agent alone, the ionic contrast agent ioxaglate was associated with the majority of allergic reactions. With respect to choice of contrast agent, using the non-ionic agent iopromide alone for coronary intervention is associated with the lowest risk of an adverse event.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology, Liverpool Hospital, Locked Bag 7103, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170 Australia. C.Juergens@unsw.edu.au
authors.forename: Craig P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Juergens
authors.forename: Aye Mi
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Khaing
authors.forename: Geraldine J
authors.initials: GJ
authors.lastname: McIntyre
authors.forename: Dominic Y C
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Leung
authors.forename: Sidney T H
authors.initials: ST
authors.lastname: Lo
authors.forename: Clyne
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Fernandes
authors.forename: Andrew P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Hopkins
mesh_terms: D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects*; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D015994:Incidence; D007472:Iohexol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D012189:Retrospective Studies
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D007472:Iohexol; C038192:iopromide; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid