title: Linoleic acid-rich fats reduce atherosclerosis development beyond its oxidative and inflammatory stress-increasing effect in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice in comparison with saturated fatty acid-rich fats.
abstract: The relative benefit of replacing saturated fatty acid with linoleic acids is still being debated because a linoleic acid-enriched diet increases oxidative and inflammatory stresses, although it is associated with a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of linoleic acid-rich (HL) fat, compared with a saturated fatty acid-rich (SF) fat on atherosclerotic lesion areas, serum and liver cholesterol levels, oxidative stress (urinary isoprostanes and serum malondialdehayde) and inflammatory stress (expression of aortic monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MCP-1) in apo E-deficient mice. Male and female apo E-deficient mice (8 weeks old; seven to eight per group) were fed an AIN-76-based diet containing SF fat (50 g palm oil and 50 g lard/kg) or HL fat (100 g high-linoleic safflower-seed oil/kg) for 9 weeks. Compared with the SF diet, the HL diet lowered atherosclerosis (P<0.05). It reduced serum total cholesterol levels (P<0.05), increased HDL-cholesterol levels (P<0.05) and lowered liver esterified cholesterol levels (P<0.01). The HL diet-fed mice showed increased expression of MCP-1 mRNA (P<0.05), serum levels of malondialdehayde (P<0.05) and urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha; P<0.05). These results suggest that having biomarkers in vivo for oxidative stress and inflammatory status of endothelial cells does not necessarily indicate predisposition to an increased lesion area in the aortic root in apo E-deficient mice fed an HL or SF diet.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
authors.forename: Masao
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: Kenichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Shibata
authors.forename: Run
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nomura
authors.forename: Daisuke
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kawamoto
authors.forename: Rika
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nagamine
authors.forename: Katsumi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Imaizumi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001057:Apolipoproteins E / Q000172:deficiency*; D050197:Atherosclerosis / Q000378:metabolism / Q000517:prevention & control*; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D018932:Chemokine CCL2 / Q000032:analysis; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D015237:Dinoprost / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000652:urine; D042783:Endothelial Cells / Q000737:chemistry; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D019787:Linoleic Acid / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008099:Liver / Q000737:chemistry; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018384:Oxidative Stress / Q000502:physiology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances / Q000032:analysis; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D001057:Apolipoproteins E; D015415:Biomarkers; C491768:Ccl2 protein, mouse; D018932:Chemokine CCL2; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D017392:Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; D014662:Vasoconstrictor Agents; C075750:8-epi-prostaglandin F2alpha; D002784:Cholesterol; D019787:Linoleic Acid; D015237:Dinoprost