title: Molecular evidence for progression of nephrogenic metaplasia of the urinary bladder to clear cell adenocarcinoma.
abstract: Nephrogenic metaplasia or nephrogenic adenoma of the urinary tract may present a diagnostic challenge in surgical pathology practice. Previous case reports suggest the possibility of nephrogenic metaplasia progressing to clear cell adenocarcinoma, but a malignant potential of nephrogenic metaplasia is generally not acknowledged. A case of a 70-year-old female patient with multiple recurrences of nephrogenic metaplasia of the urinary bladder and subsequent development of clear cell adenocarcinoma is described. Immunohistochemical studies help to differentiate the 2 entities. Results of molecular studies, particularly comparative genomic hybridization analysis, suggest clonal evolution of nephrogenic metaplasia to clear cell adenocarcinoma in this case.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, D-93042, Germany.
authors.forename: Arndt
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hartmann
authors.forename: Kerstin
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Junker
authors.forename: Wolfgang
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Dietmaier
authors.forename: Sören
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Schröder
authors.forename: Diego
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Ferdinand
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Hofstädter
authors.forename: Hagen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Blaszyk
mesh_terms: D018262:Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D000368:Aged; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000378:metabolism; D002999:Clone Cells; D015653:Cystectomy; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis; D018450:Disease Progression; D018572:Disease-Free Survival; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008679:Metaplasia / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D009364:Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D011230:Precancerous Conditions / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000473:pathology*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm