title: Use of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for prevention of urethral strictures secondary to transurethral resection of the prostate.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To analyze whether the addition of a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) offers an advantage compared with TURP alone in reducing postoperative urethral strictures. At urethroscopy, stenosis of the urethra with a circumference of less than 19 mm was defined as stricture.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a prospective, unblinded, randomized, single-center study. Between December 2001 and December 2003, 96 consecutive men with benign prostatic hyperplasia underwent TURP. After TURP, patients were randomly assigned to receive or not receive a COX-2 inhibitor (rofecoxib 25 mg/day). In the group given the COX-2 inhibitor, the therapy was started at catheter removal and continued for 20 days. Follow-up was performed on an outpatient basis after 1 month. A diagnosis of postoperative urethral stricture was assessed during a follow-up of 12 months.
  
  
  RESULTS
  At the 1-month visit, the mean and median improvement in the peak urinary flow rate from preoperative values was +6.25 +/- 3.76 mL/s (median 7.30) in the no COX-2 inhibitor group and +9.42 +/- 3.06 mL/s (median 8.75) in the COX-2 inhibitor group. The improvement was significantly (P < 0.0001) greater for the group treated with the COX-2 inhibitor. At 1 year of follow-up, a urethral stricture had been diagnosed in 8.3% of all cases; in particular, in 17% and 0% of cases in the no COX inhibitor group and COX-2 inhibitor group, respectively. Post-TURP COX-2 inhibitor therapy was significantly (P = 0.0039) and inversely (r = -0.2876) associated with urethral stricture development.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  We suggest that limited postoperative treatment with a COX-2 inhibitor can effectively prevent post-TURP urethral stricture development by specifically interfering with the inflammatory processes that can precede scar formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Alessandro
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sciarra
authors.forename: Stefano
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Salciccia
authors.forename: Luca
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Albanesi
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cardi
authors.forename: Giuseppe
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Eramo
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Silverio
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007783:Lactones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011182:Postoperative Care; D011446:Prospective Studies; D013450:Sulfones / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D020728:Transurethral Resection of Prostate / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014525:Urethral Stricture / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control*
chemical_list: D052246:Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors; D007783:Lactones; D013450:Sulfones; C116926:rofecoxib