title: A high inorganic phosphate diet perturbs brain growth, alters Akt-ERK signaling, and results in changes in cap-dependent translation.
abstract: Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a key role in diverse physiological functions. Recently, considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the function and regulation of the brain-specific sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate transporter 1 (NPT1), which is found to exist principally in cerebrum and cerebellum. The potential importance of Pi as a novel signaling molecule and the poor prognosis of diverse neurodegenerative diseases that involve brain-specific NPT1 have prompted us to define the pathways by which Pi affects mouse brain growth. A high phosphate diet caused an increase in serum Pi accompanied by a decrease in calcium, and a decrease in body weight coupled with a decreased relative weight of cerebellum. A high phosphate diet caused a significant increase in protein expression of NPT1, both in cerebrum and cerebellum. Additionally, the high phosphate diet increased Homo sapiens v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (Akt) phosphorylation at Ser473 in cerebrum and cerebellum, whereas suppression of Akt phosphorylation at Thr308 was observed only in cerebellum. Selective suppression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor-binding protein (eIF4E-BP1) in cerebrum was induced by high levels of Pi, which induced cap-dependent and cap-independent protein translation in cerebrum and cerebellum, respectively. Phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) in comparison with that of ERK2 was significantly reduced in both cerebrum and cerebellum. High levels of Pi reduced protein expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 in cerebrum and cerebellum. In conclusion, the results indicate that high dietary Pi can perturb normal brain growth, possibly through Akt-ERK signaling in developing mice.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
authors.forename: Hua
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Soon-Kyung
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Kyungnam
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: Hanjo K
authors.initials: HK
authors.lastname: Anderson
authors.forename: Yeon-Sook
authors.initials: YS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Kee Ho
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: Anne-Catherine
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Prats
authors.forename: Dominique
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Morello
authors.forename: George R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Beck
authors.forename: Myung-Haing
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Cho
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D049109:Cell Proliferation / Q000187:drug effects; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D050611:Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III / Q000378:metabolism; D013687:Telencephalon / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D039561:Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4E; D010710:Phosphates; D050611:Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type III; D051057:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; D048052:Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3