title: Rho GTPase-formin pairs in cytoskeletal remodelling.
abstract: Diaphanous-related formins (Drfs) are members of a conserved formin family of actin-nucleating proteins and are thought to act as Rho GTPase effectors in signal transduction pathways that govern gene expression, cytoskeletal remodelling and cell division. In vitro evidence suggests that the three mammalian Drf proteins--mDia1, mDia2 and mDia3-have distinct GTPase-binding specificities. However, much of our current understanding of GTPase-Drf partnerships in mammalian cell signalling is based on expression studies using Drfs missing their unique GTPase-binding domains. We have employed fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and gene targeting approaches to identify the function of different GTPase-formin pairs in cell signalling. These studies have allowed us to uncover new roles for Drf proteins in cytoskeletal remodelling and novel regulatory mechanisms whereby GTPases influence formin function. Our genetic experiments strongly suggest that Drfs cooperate with other GTPase effector proteins, including the gene product of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene, WASP, during the regulation of cell proliferation. Further, the Drf gene knockout experiments indicate that this family of formins has a role in cancer pathophysiology.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Cell Structure and Signal Integration, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
authors.forename: Kathryn M
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Eisenmann
authors.forename: Jun
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Peng
authors.forename: Bradley J
authors.initials: BJ
authors.lastname: Wallar
authors.forename: Arthur S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Alberts
mesh_terms: D000199:Actins / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism*; D005326:Fetal Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D000080865:Formins; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D015398:Signal Transduction; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology; D014923:Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein / Q000378:metabolism; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D000199:Actins; D002352:Carrier Proteins; C491463:Diap2 protein, mouse; D005326:Fetal Proteins; D000080865:Formins; D008840:Microfilament Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D020764:cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein; D020741:rho GTP-Binding Proteins