title: Increased synaptic microtubules and altered synapse development in Drosophila sec8 mutants.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Sec8 is highly expressed in mammalian nervous systems and has been proposed to play a role in several aspects of neural development and function, including neurite outgrowth, calcium-dependent neurotransmitter secretion, trafficking of ionotropic glutamate receptors and regulation of neuronal microtubule assembly. However, these models have never been tested in vivo. Nervous system development and function have not been described after mutation of sec8 in any organism.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We identified lethal sec8 mutants in an unbiased forward genetic screen for mutations causing defects in development of glutamatergic Drosophila neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). The Drosophila NMJ is genetically malleable and accessible throughout development to electrophysiology and immunocytochemistry, making it ideal for examination of the sec8 mutant synaptic phenotype. We developed antibodies to Drosophila Sec8 and showed that Sec8 is abundant at the NMJ. In our sec8 null mutants, in which the sec8 gene is specifically deleted, Sec8 immunoreactivity at the NMJ is eliminated but immunoblots reveal substantial maternal contribution in the rest of the animal. Contrary to the hypothesis that Sec8 is required for neurite outgrowth or synaptic terminal growth, immunocytochemical examination revealed that sec8 mutant NMJs developed more branches and presynaptic terminals during larval development, compared to controls. Synaptic electrophysiology showed no evidence that Sec8 is required for basal neurotransmission, though glutamate receptor trafficking was mildly disrupted in sec8 mutants. The most dramatic NMJ phenotype in sec8 mutants was an increase in synaptic microtubule density, which was approximately doubled compared to controls.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Sec8 is abundant in the Drosophila NMJ. Sec8 is required in vivo for regulation of synaptic microtubule formation, and (probably secondarily) regulation of synaptic growth and glutamate receptor trafficking. We did not find any evidence that Sec8 is required for basal neurotransmission.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, C626, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. fliebl1@uiuc.edu
authors.forename: Faith L W
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Liebl
authors.forename: Kaiyun
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Julie
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Karr
authors.forename: Qi
authors.initials: Q
authors.lastname: Sheng
authors.forename: David E
authors.initials: DE
authors.lastname: Featherstone
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D018076:DNA, Complementary / Q000235:genetics; D004330:Drosophila / Q000235:genetics*; D029721:Drosophila Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D008870:Microtubules / Q000502:physiology*; D016296:Mutagenesis; D009154:Mutation; D010058:Oviposition; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate / Q000235:genetics; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D013569:Synapses / Q000502:physiology*; D009435:Synaptic Transmission; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D018076:DNA, Complementary; D029721:Drosophila Proteins; D017470:Receptors, Glutamate; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; C503568:Sec8 protein, Drosophila; D033921:Vesicular Transport Proteins