The dazzling array of basal branches in the mtDNA macrohaplogroup M from India as inferred from complete genomes.
Many efforts based on complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes have been made to depict the global mtDNA landscape, but the phylogeny of Indian macrohaplogroup M has not yet been resolved in detail. To fill this lacuna, we took the same strategy as in our recent analysis of Indian mtDNA macrohaplogroup N and selected 56 mtDNAs from over 1,200 samples across India for complete sequencing, with the intention to cover all Indian autochthonous M lineages. As a result, the phylogenetic status of previously identified haplogroups based on control-region and/or partial coding-region information, such as M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M30, and M33, was solidified or redefined here. Moreover, seven novel basal M haplogroups (viz., M34-M40) were identified, and yet another five singular branches of the M phylogeny were discovered in the present study. The comparison of matrilineal components among India, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Oceania at the deepest level yielded a star-like and nonoverlapping pattern, reflecting a rapid mode of modern human dispersal along the Asian coast after the initial "out-of-Africa" event.
Sun
Chang
C
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, and Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
Kong
Qing-Peng
QP
Palanichamy
Malliya Gounder
MG
Agrawal
Suraksha
S
Bandelt
Hans-Jürgen
HJ
Yao
Yong-Gang
YG
Khan
Faisal
F
Zhu
Chun-Ling
CL
Chaudhuri
Tapas Kumar
TK
Zhang
Ya-Ping
YP
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics; D005006:Ethnicity / Q000235:genetics*; D014644:Genetic Variation; D005828:Genetics, Population; D015894:Genome, Human; D006239:Haplotypes; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010802:Phylogeny; D017422:Sequence Analysis, DNA
D004272:DNA, Mitochondrial