title: Investigation of intensity thresholds for ultrasound tissue erosion.
abstract: Our previous studies have shown that short intense pulses delivered at certain pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) can achieve localized, clean erosion in soft tissue. In this paper, the intensity thresholds for ultrasound induced erosion and the effects of pulse intensity on erosion characterized by axial erosion rate, perforation area and volume erosion rate were investigated on in vitro porcine atrial wall tissue. Ultrasound pulses with a 3-cycle pulse duration and a 20-kHz PRF were delivered by a 788-kHz single element focused transducer. I(SPPA) values of 1000 to 9000 W/cm2 were tested. Results show the following: (1) the estimated intensity threshold for generating erosion was at I(SPPA) of 3220 W/cm2; (2) the axial erosion rate increased with higher intensity at I(SPPA) < or = 5000 W/cm2, while decreased with higher intensity at I(SPPA) > or = 5000 W/cm2; and (3) the perforation area and the volume erosion rate increased with higher intensity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. zhenx@umich.edu
authors.forename: Zhen
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Xu
authors.forename: J Brian
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Fowlkes
authors.forename: Achi
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ludomirsky
authors.forename: Charles A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Cain
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006325:Heart Atria; D006346:Heart Septum / Q000601:surgery*; D018636:Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome / Q000601:surgery; D023421:Models, Animal; D034421:Sus scrofa; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D018617:Ultrasonography, Doppler, Pulsed / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*