Dendritic cells and (CD4+)CD25+ T regulatory cells: crosstalk between two professionals in immunity versus tolerance.
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). (CD4+)CD25+ T regulatory cells (T regs) are recognized as professional regulatory cells. DCs not only initiate T cell immunity by uptake, processing and presentation of specific antigens, but also induce immune tolerance by deletion of T cells and/or induction of regulatory T cells. (CD4+)CD25+ T regs maintain immune tolerance by suppressing the function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, DCs and NK cells. It would be inconceivable that the delicate balance between immunity and tolerance could be kept impeccable without the crosstalk between DCs and (CD4+)CD25+ T regs. This review focuses on the recent development in our understanding of DCs and (CD4+)CD25+ T regs in immune tolerance, with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) serving as a potential link between these two professionals.
Chen
Wanjun
W
Mucosal Immunology Unit, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Heath, 30, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. wchen@mail.nih.gov
D000818:Animals; D017951:Antigen Presentation; D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation / Q000378:metabolism; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; D003713:Dendritic Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007107:Immune System; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase / Q000494:pharmacology; D016753:Interleukin-10 / Q000378:metabolism; D015850:Interleukin-6 / Q000378:metabolism; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000378:metabolism*; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta / Q000378:metabolism
D015703:Antigens, CD; D000943:Antigens, Differentiation; D060908:CTLA-4 Antigen; C556706:CTLA4 protein, human; C418974:FOXP3 protein, human; D051858:Forkhead Transcription Factors; D050503:Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase; D015850:Interleukin-6; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D016212:Transforming Growth Factor beta; D016753:Interleukin-10