title: Extraction and GC/MS analysis of the human blood plasma metabolome.
abstract: Analysis of the entire set of low molecular weight compounds (LMC), the metabolome, could provide deeper insights into mechanisms of disease and novel markers for diagnosis. In the investigation, we developed an extraction and derivatization protocol, using experimental design theory (design of experiment), for analyzing the human blood plasma metabolome by GC/MS. The protocol was optimized by evaluating the data for more than 500 resolved peaks using multivariate statistical tools including principal component analysis and partial least-squares projections to latent structures (PLS). The performance of five organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, acetone, chloroform), singly and in combination, was investigated to optimize the LMC extraction. PLS analysis demonstrated that methanol extraction was particularly efficient and highly reproducible. The extraction and derivatization conditions were also optimized. Quantitative data for 32 endogenous compounds showed good precision and linearity. In addition, the determined amounts of eight selected compounds agreed well with analyses by independent methods in accredited laboratories, and most of the compounds could be detected at absolute levels of approximately 0.1 pmol injected, corresponding to plasma concentrations between 0.1 and 1 microM. The results suggest that the method could be usefully integrated into metabolomic studies for various purposes, e.g., for identifying biological markers related to diseases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Biosciences, Clinical Chemistry, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden, and Department of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
authors.forename: Jiye
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: A
authors.forename: Johan
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Trygg
authors.forename: Jonas
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gullberg
authors.forename: Annika I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: Pär
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Jonsson
authors.forename: Henrik
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Antti
authors.forename: Stefan L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Marklund
authors.forename: Thomas
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moritz
mesh_terms: D000096:Acetone; D000097:Acetonitriles; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D001769:Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005591:Chemical Fractionation / Q000379:methods*; D002725:Chloroform; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D019343:Citric Acid / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D000431:Ethanol; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D000432:Methanol; D008970:Molecular Weight; D010168:Palmitates / Q000097:blood; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D012997:Solvents; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000097:Acetonitriles; D000596:Amino Acids; D015415:Biomarkers; D010168:Palmitates; D012997:Solvents; D000096:Acetone; D014527:Uric Acid; D019343:Citric Acid; D000431:Ethanol; D002725:Chloroform; D002784:Cholesterol; D003404:Creatinine; D000432:Methanol; C032159:acetonitrile