A randomized controlled trial of fluid supplementation in term neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of fluid supplementation in decreasing the rate of exchange transfusion and the duration of phototherapy in term neonates with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia.


METHODS
This was a randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary care referral unit in northern India. Seventy-four term neonates with severe nonhemolytic hyperbilirubinemia (total serum bilirubin > 18 mg/dL [308 micromol/L] to < 25 mg/dL [427 micromol/L]). The subjects were randomized to an "extra fluids" group (intravenous fluid supplementation for 8 hours and oral supplementation for the duration of phototherapy; n = 37) or a control group (n = 37).


RESULTS
At inclusion, 54 infants (73%) had high serum osmolality, including 28 (75%) in the extra fluids group and 26 (70%) in the control group. The proportion of infants who underwent exchange transfusion was lower in the extra fluids group than in the control group: 6 (16%) versus 20 (54%)(P = .001; relative risk = 0.30; 95% confidence interval = 0.14 to 0.66). The duration of phototherapy was also shorter in the extra fluids group: 52 +/- 18 hours versus 73 +/- 31 hours (P = .004).


CONCLUSIONS
Fluid supplementation in term neonates presenting with severe hyperbilirubinemia decreased the rate of exchange transfusion and duration of phototherapy.
Mehta
Shailender
S
Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
Kumar
Praveen
P
Narang
Anil
A
D000704:Analysis of Variance; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; D005260:Female; D005440:Fluid Therapy; D006801:Humans; D051556:Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal / Q000628:therapy*; D007194:India; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010789:Phototherapy; D044967:Serum / Q000502:physiology; D016896:Treatment Outcome