title: Physical and cognitive task analysis in interventional radiology.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To identify, describe and detail the cognitive thought processes, decision-making, and physical actions involved in the preparation and successful performance of core interventional radiology procedures.
  
  
  METHODS
  Five commonly performed core interventional radiology procedures were selected for cognitive task analysis. Several examples of each procedure being performed by consultant interventional radiologists were videoed. The videos of those procedures, and the steps required for successful outcome, were analysed by a psychologist and an interventional radiologist. Once a skeleton algorithm of the procedures was defined, further refinement was achieved using individual interview techniques with consultant interventional radiologists. Additionally a critique of each iteration of the established algorithm was sought from non-participating independent consultant interventional radiologists.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Detailed task descriptions and decision protocols were developed for five interventional radiology procedures (arterial puncture, nephrostomy, venous access, biopsy-using both ultrasound and computed tomography, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram). Identical tasks performed within these procedures were identified and standardized within the protocols.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complex procedures were broken down and their constituent processes identified. This might be suitable for use as a training protocol to provide a universally acceptable safe practice at the most fundamental level. It is envisaged that data collected in this way can be used as an educational resource for trainees and could provide the basis for a training curriculum in interventional radiology. It will direct trainees towards safe practice of the highest standard. It will also provide performance objectives of a simulator model.
authors.affiliation: School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. sheenajj@liv.ac.uk
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Healey
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Evans
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crawshaw
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Gould
mesh_terms: D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D003071:Cognition; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous / Q000379:methods; D011677:Punctures / Q000379:methods; D015642:Radiology, Interventional / Q000379:methods*; D013647:Task Performance and Analysis; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed / Q000379:methods; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods