title: Production of bakers' yeast in cheese whey ultrafiltrate.
abstract: A process for the production of bakers' yeast in whey ultrafiltrate (WU) is described. Lactose in WU was converted to lactic acid and galactose by fermentation. Streptococcus thermophilus was selected for this purpose. Preculturing of S. thermophilus in skim milk considerably reduced its lag. Lactic fermentation in 2.3x-concentrated WU was delayed compared with that in unconcentrated whey, and fermentation could not be completed within 60 h. The growth rate of bakers' yeast in fermented WU differed among strains. The rate of galactose utilization was similar for all strains, but differences in lactic acid utilization occurred. Optimal pH ranges for galactose and lactic acid utilization were 5.5 to 6.0 and 5.0 to 5.5, respectively. The addition of 4 g of corn steep liquor per liter to fermented WU increased cell yields. Two sources of nitrogen were available for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: amino acids (corn steep liquor) and ammonium (added during the lactic acid fermentation). Ammonium was mostly assimilated during growth on lactic acid. This process could permit the substitution of molasses by WU for the industrial production of bakers' yeast.
authors.affiliation: Food Research and Development Centre, Agriculture Canada, 3600 Casavant Boulevard West, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 8E3, and Département de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments and Département de Phytologie, Université Laval, Ste-Foy, Quebec GIK 7P4, Canada.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Champagne
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Goulet
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Lachance