title: Aeronautical decision making: instructor-pilot evaluation of five mnemonic methods.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The ability to make good decisions is a critical component of pilot proficiency. Results of recent research suggest that aeronautical decision making (ADM) can be improved by training. The purposes of this research are to identify the best ADM mnemonic-based methods for training military pilots in decision making in tactical environments.
  
  
  METHODS
  There were 60 instructor pilots in the Republic of China Air Force Academy who evaluated the suitability of 5 different ADM methods including SHOR (Stimuli, Hypotheses, Options, Response); PASS (Problem identification, Acquire information, Survey strategy, Select strategy); FOR-DEC (Facts, Options, Risks & Benefits, Decision, Execution, Check); SOAR (Situation, Options, Act, Repeat); and DESIDE (Detect, Estimate, Set safety objectives, Identify, Do, Evaluate). Each was evaluated for six different types of decisions: go/no go; recognition-primed; response selection; resource management; non-diagnostic procedural; and creative problem-solving.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The instructor-pilots regarded the SHOR method as the best for time-limited and critical, urgent situations, while they preferred DESIDE for knowledge-based decisions that needed more comprehensive consideration and were less time limited.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To optimize training effectiveness, it is necessary to provide instruction based around both the SHOR and DESIDE decision-making mnemonic methods to provide comprehensive instruction for coping with all situations in the demanding military aviation environment.
authors.affiliation: Aviation Training Division, Air Force Academy, Republic of China.
authors.forename: Wen-Chin
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Don
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Harris
mesh_terms: D000060:Accidents, Aviation / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000328:Adult; D001359:Aviation / Q000193:education*; D003657:Decision Making; D006801:Humans; D007318:Inservice Training; D007600:Judgment; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D008889:Military Personnel / Q000523:psychology*; D008960:Models, Psychological; D010465:Perception; D011340:Problem Solving