title: [Approach to the lower gastrointestinal tract bleeding in patients with normal colonoscopic findings.].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Lower gastrointestinal bleeding is a commun clinical entity. Although colonoscopic examination is the first choice for diagnosis, it may not be enough to reveal the cause of bleeding in all subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eight patients who had massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding having normal colonoscopic findings were retrospectively evaluated at the Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Istanbul University, Faculty of Medicine
  
  
  RESULTS
  There were 5 male and 3 female patients with mean age of 51 (28 to 82). Patients received a mean of 13 U (range 2 to 23) with transfused erythrocyte concentrates. Four patients had found to be normal during angiographic, scintigraphy or enterocylytic examinations. Angiography was diagnostic in 4 patients, and identified bleeding from ileocolic pseudoaneurisms (n= 2) branches of jejunal artery (n=2). Embolization procedure were performed in these 4 patients and 3 of them developed intestinal necrosis and underwent surgery. One did not require further treatment. Two of the patients who underwent surgery expired due to sepsis. Patients were hospitalized for a mean of 17 days (range 5 to 37).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Despite employment of all diagnostic procedures, the cause of bleeding were not detected in half of patients who had normal colonoscopic findings. If angiographic treatment is necessary, superselective arterial embolization should be performed.
authors.affiliation: Istanbul University, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
authors.forename: Hızır
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Akyıldız
authors.forename: Cemalettin
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ertekin
authors.forename: Orhan
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Alimoğlu
authors.forename: Çağatay
authors.initials: Ç
authors.lastname: Korkut
authors.forename: Korhan
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Taviloğlu
authors.forename: Recep
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Güloğlu
authors.forename: Arzu
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Poyanlı
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D017541:Aneurysm, False; D003113:Colonoscopy; D005260:Female; D006471:Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies