title: Isolation of viruses from mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) collected in the Amazon Basin region of Peru.
abstract: As part of a comprehensive study on the ecology of arthropod-borne viruses in the Amazon Basin region of Peru, we assayed 539,694 mosquitoes captured in Loreto Department, Peru, for arboviruses. Mosquitoes were captured either by dry ice-baited miniature light traps or with aspirators while mosquitoes were landing on human collectors, identified to species, and later tested on Vero cells for virus. In total, 164 virus isolations were made and included members of the Alphavirus (eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Trocara, Una, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses), Flavivirus (Ilheus and St. Louis encephalitis), and Orthobunyavirus (Caraparu, Itaqui, Mirim, Murutucu, and Wyeomyia viruses) genera. In addition, several viruses distinct from the above-mentioned genera were identified to the serogroup level. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus was associated primarily with Culex pedroi Sirivanakarn & Belkin, whereas Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus was associated primarily with Culex gnomatos Sallum, Huchings & Ferreira. Most isolations of Ilheus virus were made from Psorophora ferox (Von Humboldt). Although species of the Culex subgenus Melanoconion accounted for only 45% of the mosquitoes collected, 85% of the virus isolations were made from this subgenus. Knowledge of the viruses that are being transmitted in the Amazon Basin region of Peru will enable the development of more effective diagnostic assays, more efficient and rapid diagnoses of clinical illnesses caused by these pathogens, risk analysis for military/civilian operations, and development of potential disease control measures.
authors.affiliation: Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter St., Fort Detrick, MD 21702-5011, USA. michael.turell@det.amedd.army.mil
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Turell
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: O'Guinn
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Jones
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Sardelis
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Dohm
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Watts
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Fernandez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Travassos da Rosa
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Guzman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Tesh
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Rossi
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Ludwig
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Mangiafico
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kondig
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Wasieloski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Pecor
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zyzak
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Schoeler
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Mores
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Calampa
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Klein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001103:Arboviruses / Q000145:classification / Q000235:genetics / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D009033:Culicidae / Q000821:virology*; D004777:Environment; D019085:Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct; D010568:Peru; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012621:Seasons; D013045:Species Specificity; D014709:Vero Cells