title: Intrapartal care documented in a Swedish maternity unit and considered in relation to World Health Organization recommendations for care in normal birth.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe documented intrapartal care in relation to the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for care in normal birth, and to compare intrapartal care for pregnant women at low and high risk in a conventional maternity unit.
  
  
  METHODS
  Retrospective examination of 212 consecutive childbirth records using an audit instrument developed from WHO's recommendations.
  
  
  METHODS
  A conventional maternity unit in Western Sweden.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Practices that are demonstrably useful and should be encouraged were mostly documented, except for physical assessments, such as pulse and temperature and emotional aspects. Vaginal examinations were carried out more often than recommended, and fetal heart rates were seldom monitored intermittently. Practices classified as harmful, practices with insufficient evidence and practices frequently used inappropriately, were used to a large extent. There were high rates of interventions regardless of the women's risk level. The interventions were carried out without a rational documented indication. According to the documentation, only two-thirds of the women were in active labour on admission to the labour ward.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The recommendations from WHO were only partly adhered to. The instrument is considered useful for systematic audit of documented intrapartal care, and may help to identify areas in need of improvement. Improvements suggested by this study were as follows: inclusion of emotional aspects in the documentation, differentiation in cardiotocographic (CTG) surveillance for women at low and high risk, documentation of explicit indications for interventions and guidelines for admission to the maternity unit.
authors.affiliation: Division for Health and Caring Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden. Fia.Bojo@kau.se
authors.forename: Ann-Kristin
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Sandin-Bojö
authors.forename: Bodil Wilde
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: Ove
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Axelsson
authors.forename: Marie Louise
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Hall-Lord
mesh_terms: D016550:Birthing Centers / Q000458:organization & administration*; D036861:Delivery, Obstetric / Q000451:nursing* / Q000592:standards; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008880:Midwifery / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D024802:Nurse's Role; D009730:Nursing Assessment / Q000379:methods* / Q000592:standards; D009731:Nursing Audit; D015403:Nursing Evaluation Research; D018743:Perinatal Care / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013548:Sweden; D014944:World Health Organization