title: Molecular and cellular characterization during chondrogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells in vitro and cartilage formation in vivo.
abstract: Human adipose tissue is a viable source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with wide differentiation potential for musculoskeletal tissue engineering research. The stem cell population, termed processed lipoaspirate (PLA) cells, can be isolated from human lipoaspirates and expanded in vitro easily. This study was to determine molecular and cellular characterization of PLA cells during chondrogenic differentiation in vitro and cartilage formation in vivo. When cultured in vitro with chondrogenic medium as monolayers in high density, they could be induced toward the chondrogenic lineages. To determine their ability of cartilage formation in vivo, the induced cells in alginate gel were implanted in nude mice subcutaneously for up to 20 weeks. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the induced cells and retrieved specimens from nude mice at various intervals showed obviously cartilaginous phenotype with positive staining of specific extracellular matrix (ECM). Correlatively, results of RT-PCR and Western Blot confirmed the expression of characteristic molecules during chondrogenic differentiation namely collagen type II, SOX9, cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) and the cartilage-specific proteoglycan aggrecan. Meanwhile, there was low level synthesis of collagen type X and decreasing production of collagen type I during induction in vitro and formation of cartilaginous tissue in vivo. These cells induced to form engineered cartilage can maintain the stable phenotype and indicate no sign of hypertrophy in 20 weeks in vivo, however, when they cultured as monolayers, they showed prehypertrophic alteration in late stage about 10 weeks after induction. Therefore, it is suggested that human adipose tissue may represent a novel plentiful source of multipotential stem cells capable of undergoing chondrogenesis and forming engineered cartilage.
authors.affiliation: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu.
authors.forename: Yunfeng
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Lin
authors.forename: En
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Luo
authors.forename: Xizhe
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Lei
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Ju
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Qiao
authors.forename: Zhengbin
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yan
authors.forename: Zhiyong
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Wei
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tang
authors.forename: Xiaohui
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zheng
authors.forename: Weidong
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Tian
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000464:Alginates / Q000737:chemistry; D000818:Animals; D015153:Blotting, Western; D002356:Cartilage / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D019070:Cell Lineage; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism; D024042:Collagen Type I / Q000737:chemistry; D024121:Collagen Type X / Q000737:chemistry; D017931:DNA Primers / Q000737:chemistry; D005109:Extracellular Matrix / Q000378:metabolism; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D020723:Glucuronic Acid / Q000737:chemistry; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans / Q000737:chemistry; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D015187:Lipectomy; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D008648:Mesoderm / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008819:Mice, Nude; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010641:Phenotype; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000378:metabolism; D012313:RNA / Q000737:chemistry; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors; D023822:Tissue Engineering / Q000379:methods*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D064236:Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein; D024042:Collagen Type I; D024121:Collagen Type X; D017931:DNA Primers; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D006025:Glycosaminoglycans; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006609:High Mobility Group Proteins; C577540:Matn1 protein, mouse; D064235:Matrilin Proteins; D011509:Proteoglycans; D055758:SOX9 Transcription Factor; C527932:SOX9 protein, human; C527933:Sox9 protein, mouse; C577553:TSP5 protein, human; D014157:Transcription Factors; D012313:RNA; D020723:Glucuronic Acid