title: Anterolateral approach to the craniocervical junction.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The authors present the surgical results obtained using the anterolateral approach to the craniocervical junction (CCJ) to resect a lesion with an extradural component located anterolateral to the foramen magnum and upper cervical spine.
  
  
  METHODS
  The anterolateral approach, which is a presternomastoid retrojugular route to the CCJ, was performed in 14 patients. The skin incision follows the anterior edge of the sternomastoid muscle. The vertebral artery (VA) was exposed at C-1. This approach was extended either down to the cervical spine or anteriorly to the jugular foramen, according to specific requirements. Two patients had previously undergone other surgical procedures. The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 6.2 years. The tumor resection was complete in 11 cases and subtotal in two. In a case of vertebral coiling, a vein graft was interposed between the V1 and the V3 segments of the VA, and the bypass was still patent at the 2-year follow-up examination. In two cases involving a glomus tumor, there was a transitory postoperative seventh cranial nerve deficit.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The aforementioned technique allows for sufficient access to lesions located anterolateral to the CCJ. It is indicated in cases in which lesions exhibit a significant extradural component, and it provides good control of the VA, the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery, sigmoid-jugular complex, and lower cranial nerves. This approach can easily be combined with a posterolateral approach and can be extended anteriorly toward the jugular foramen and inferiorly toward the lower cervical spine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neuroscience, Division of Neurosurgery, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: Emiliano
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Passacantilli
authors.forename: Antonio
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Santoro
authors.forename: Angelo
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pichierri
authors.forename: Roberto
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Delfini
authors.forename: Giampaolo
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Cantore
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001269:Atlanto-Occipital Joint / Q000601:surgery*; D001932:Brain Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019635:Neurosurgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*