title: Diagnosis of a case of Gitelman's syndrome based on renal clearance studies and gene analysis of a novel mutation of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter.
abstract: Gitelman's syndrome is a recessively inherited renal tubular disorder characterized by low plasma potassium and magnesium levels, reduced calcium excretion, metabolic alkalosis, and increased plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration with normal blood pressure levels. A 23-yr-old man was referred to our department for further evaluation of hypokalemia. The patient also had hypomagnesemia and markedly reduced urinary calcium excretion. Renal clearance studies and gene analysis of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (TSC) were performed in the patient. In response to an iv injection of furosemide, chloride clearance (CCl) increased markedly, while distal fractional chloride reabsorption CH2O/(CH2O+CCl) was considerably reduced. In contrast, thiazide ingestion had no significant effects on these parameters. The patient had compound heterozygous mutations in the alleles encoding the TSC gene, one of which has not been formerly reported. Renal clearance studies and TSC gene analysis by amplification and direct sequencing are useful diagnostic tools for confirming a diagnosis of Gitelman's syndrome.
authors.affiliation: The Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hirosaki University Hospital, Aomori, Japan. kkageyama@hkg.odn.ne.jp
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kageyama
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Terui
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shoji
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tsutaya
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Matsuda
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Sakihara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Nigawara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Moriyama
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yasujima
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Suda
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D002118:Calcium / Q000652:urine; D002712:Chlorides / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005665:Furosemide; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000235:genetics; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics*; D007677:Kidney Function Tests / Q000379:methods; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D011955:Receptors, Drug / Q000235:genetics*; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters / Q000235:genetics*; D013577:Syndrome; D049971:Thiazides
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D011955:Receptors, Drug; D049992:Sodium Chloride Symporters; D049971:Thiazides; C064415:thiazide receptor; D005665:Furosemide; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium