title: [A comparison of the gene expression patterns of human chondrocytes and chondrogen differentiated mesenchymal stem cells for tissue engineering].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Tissue engineering is a promising method for the generation of chondrogenic grafts for reconstructive surgery. In cultured chondrocytes, the dedifferentiation of cells seems unavoidable for multiplication.
  
  
  METHODS
  In this study, we investigated the expression of distinct markers during the dedifferentiation of human chondrocytes (HC) harvested during septoplasty and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) from cartilage biopsies in cell culture using the microarray technique.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The genes for collagen 1alpha1, 2alpha1, 3alpha1, 4alpha1, 11alpha1, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican were activated during the dedifferentiation of the HCs, collagen 9alpha2, 9alpha3, 10alpha1 and chondroadherin were inactivated. During chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs, the genes for collagen 3alpha1, 9alpha2, 9alpha3, 10alpha1, 11alpha1 were activated, collagen 4alpha1 and fibromodulin inactivated and the genes for Col 1alpha1, biglycan und chondroadherin constantly expressed.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The genetic profile for the investigated markers in human chondrocytes generated from hMSCs resembles the profile in differentiated chondrocytes. Collagen 2alpha1, 9alpha2, 9alpha3, 10alpha1 could represent markers for the differentiation of chondrocytes, Col 1alpha1, 3alpha1 und 4alpha1, biglycan, fibromodulin and lumican markers for the dedifferentiation into a more fibroblastoid cell type.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-HNO-Klinik Mannheim. ullrich.goessler@hno.ma.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: U R
authors.initials: UR
authors.lastname: Goessler
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bugert
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Bieback
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bag
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sadick
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Klüter
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hörmann
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Riedel
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D058578:Biglycan; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000235:genetics*; D019902:Chondrocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000378:metabolism*; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics; D003094:Collagen / Q000235:genetics; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D015870:Gene Expression / Q000502:physiology*; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D005819:Genetic Markers / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007632:Keratan Sulfate / Q000235:genetics; D000071234:Lumican; D059630:Mesenchymal Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*; D020411:Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; D011509:Proteoglycans / Q000235:genetics; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D023822:Tissue Engineering
chemical_list: C546884:BGN protein, human; D058578:Biglycan; D011508:Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans; D016326:Extracellular Matrix Proteins; C000604330:FMOD protein, human; D005819:Genetic Markers; C000604306:LUM protein, human; D000071234:Lumican; D011509:Proteoglycans; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C088980:chondroadherin; D000071235:Fibromodulin; D003094:Collagen; D007632:Keratan Sulfate