title: Simplified extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) for high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis.
abstract: Four methods were tested for extraction and recovery of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) found in roots of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius): method A, sonication in 100% methanol (MeOH) at room temperature (rt); method B, sonication in 70% aqueous MeOH at rt; method C, water extraction (90 degrees C) with gentle agitation; and method D, refluxing (60 degrees C) in 100% MeOH. After 0.5-1 h, the samples were filtered and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV. A second extraction by methods C and D was done, but 85-90% of ginsenosides were obtained during the first extraction. Lyophilization of extracts did not influence ginsenoside recovery. Method D resulted in the highest significant recoveries of all ginsenosides, except Rg1. Method C was the next most effective method, while method A resulted in the lowest ginsenoside recoveries. Method B led to similar recoveries as method C. All methods used one filtration step, omitted time-consuming cleanup, but maintained clear peak resolution by HPLC, and can be used for quantitative screening of ginsenosides from roots and commercial ginseng preparations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901, USA.
authors.forename: Rebecca M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Corbit
authors.forename: Jorge F S
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Ferreira
authors.forename: Stephen D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Ebbs
authors.forename: Laura L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Murphy
mesh_terms: D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D036145:Ginsenosides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000432:Methanol; D005894:Panax / Q000737:chemistry*; D010936:Plant Extracts / Q000032:analysis; D018517:Plant Roots / Q000737:chemistry; D012015:Reference Standards; D012997:Solvents; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D036145:Ginsenosides; D010936:Plant Extracts; D012997:Solvents; D014867:Water; D000432:Methanol