title: Association between herpes simplex virus type 1 and Helicobacter pylori in US adolescents.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To understand how Helicobacter pylori infection is acquired and the role that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) may have, we determined whether an association between HSV and H pylori exists at the individual level and for what reason.
  
  
  METHODS
  Data were collected from 1,090 participants aged 12-19 years during phase 1 (1988-1991) of the NHANES III. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  The crude overall PR and 95% CI for H pylori seropositivity comparing HSV+ to HSV- individuals was 2.20 (1.69-2.85). In large urban households the PR adjusted for poverty level and race/ethnicity was twice that in small nonurban households (2.27 versus 1.15, respectively).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Overall, HSV-1 seropositivity is associated with a higher H pylori seroprevalence. The negligible association found in some strata suggests that shared environmental factors or routes of transmission rather than biologic reasons may be primarily responsible for this association.
authors.affiliation: Oral Medicine Division, Department of Dental Diagnostic Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, USA. baccaglini@uthscsa.edu
authors.forename: Lorena
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Baccaglini
authors.forename: Victor J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Schoenbach
authors.forename: Charles
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Poole
authors.forename: Rosemary G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: McKaig
authors.forename: Joseph
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Ibrahim
authors.forename: Ralph S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Baric
authors.forename: Chris
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Wiesen
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000097:blood; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D015897:Comorbidity; D005191:Family Characteristics; D005260:Female; D016481:Helicobacter Infections / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D016480:Helicobacter pylori; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000097:blood / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000635:transmission; D018259:Herpesvirus 1, Human; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D015233:Models, Statistical; D011203:Poverty; D015995:Prevalence; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States / Q000453:epidemiology; D014505:Urban Population
chemical_list: D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D000914:Antibodies, Viral