title: Pleural lavage cytology before and after lung resection in non-small cell lung cancer patients.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The aim of this study was to analyze on a multivariate basis the prognostic significance of pre-resection and post-resection pleural lavage cytologies in surgically resected primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, in relation to pathologic TNM factors in a large cohort of almost 1,200 patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  From August 1992 through March 2001, pleural lavage cytology (PLC) was performed in 1,214 NSCLC patients without pleural effusion or dissemination undergoing pulmonary resection. The cytologic evaluation was classified into three categories: negative, suggestive, and positive. To investigate the impact on patient survival, PLC results were analyzed with conventional clinicopathologic factors.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Definitive pre-resection PLC result was obtained in 1,194 patients and 38 had a positive result. The 5-year survival rates were 27% if pre-resection PLC was positive and 71% if negative. Of 1,198 patients 54 had a positive post-resection PLC result. The 5-year survival rates were 10% if post-resection PLC was positive and 73% if negative. On multivariate analysis, post-resection PLC was an independent prognostic factor as significant as established clinicopathologic factors.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Pre-resection and post-resection PLC should be recognized as an essential prognostic factor and should be performed in NSCLC patients without pleural effusion and dissemination. Post-PLC, compared with pre-PLC, had a greater and independent impact on survival and needs to be incorporated in the pathologic staging of NSCLC in the future.
authors.affiliation: Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan. md040004@cis.fukuoka-u.ac.jp
authors.forename: Sotarou
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Enatsu
authors.forename: Junji
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: Tomoyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yokose
authors.forename: Mitsuyo
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Nishiwaki
authors.forename: Takayuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Shirakusa
authors.forename: Kanji
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nagai
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D018287:Carcinoma, Large Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D002289:Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015993:Life Tables; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D016066:Pleural Effusion, Malignant / Q000473:pathology*; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D011300:Preoperative Care; D011379:Prognosis; D016016:Proportional Hazards Models; D012307:Risk Factors; D016019:Survival Analysis; D015996:Survival Rate; D007507:Therapeutic Irrigation