title: Subacute posteromedial impingement of the ankle in athletes: MR imaging evaluation and ultrasound guided therapy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To describe the use of MR imaging and efficacy of ultrasound-guided steroid injection in the diagnosis and management of athletes with clinical posteromedial impingement of the ankle.
  
  
  METHODS
  A retrospective analysis of imaging findings on MR was undertaken in nine elite athletes with clinical posteromedial ankle impingement. MR studies from six professional athletes with posterolateral pain were also reviewed as an imaging control group. The two reviewing radiologists were blinded to the clinical details and the proportion of control and study subjects. The nine study athletes also underwent diagnostic ultrasound and ultrasound-guided injection of steroid and anaesthetic into the posteromedial capsular abnormality. Follow-up was by telephone interview.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Posteromedial capsular thickening was seen only in athletes with posteromedial impingement (7/9). Posteromedial synovitis was present in all athletes with posteromedial impingement; however, posterior and posterolateral synovitis was also seen in these athletes. Mild posteromedial synovitis was present in two control athletes. Ultrasound identified abnormal posteromedial soft tissue thickening deep to tibialis posterior between the medial malleolus and talus in all nine athletes. After injection all athletes returned to their previous level of sport, with eight of the nine not experiencing any residual or recurrent symptoms.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  If MR imaging excludes significant coexistent abnormality, ultrasound can localise posteromedial soft tissue abnormality and guide injection therapy, allowing return to athletic activity without surgical intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, St. James University Hospital, Beckett Street, LS9 7TF Leeds, UK.
authors.forename: Christina
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Messiou
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: Philip J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: O'Connor
authors.forename: Andrew
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Grainger
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D016512:Ankle Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections / Q000379:methods; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013256:Steroids / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D000893:Anti-Inflammatory Agents; D013256:Steroids