title: Prefrontal and temporal gray matter density decreases in opiate dependence.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  There have been only a few structural brain-imaging studies, with varied findings, of opiate-dependent subjects. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is suitable for studying whole brain-wise structural brain changes in opiate-dependent subjects.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  The objective of the current study is to explore gray matter density in opiate-dependent subjects.
  
  
  METHODS
  Gray matter density in 63 opiate-dependent subjects and 46 age- and sex-matched healthy comparison subjects was compared using VBM.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Relative to healthy comparison subjects, opiate-dependent subjects exhibited decreased gray matter density in bilateral prefrontal cortex [Brodmann areas (BA) 8, 9, 10, 11, and 47], bilateral insula (BA 13), bilateral superior temporal cortex (BA 21 and 38), left fusiform cortex (BA 37), and right uncus (BA 28).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study reports that opiate-dependent subjects have gray matter density decreases in prefrontal and temporal cortex, which may be associated with behavioral and neuropsychological dysfunction in opiate-dependent subjects.
authors.affiliation: McLean Hospital Brain Imaging Center and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA. inkylyoo@yahoo.com
authors.forename: In Kyoon
authors.initials: IK
authors.lastname: Lyoo
authors.forename: Mark H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Pollack
authors.forename: Marisa M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Silveri
authors.forename: Kyung Heup
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Ahn
authors.forename: Claudia I
authors.initials: CI
authors.lastname: Diaz
authors.forename: Jaeuk
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Seog Ju
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Kim
authors.forename: Deborah A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Yurgelun-Todd
authors.forename: Marc J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kaufman
authors.forename: Perry F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Renshaw
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001369:Axons / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007090:Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D009293:Opioid-Related Disorders / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000473:pathology*; D017397:Prefrontal Cortex / Q000473:pathology*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013702:Temporal Lobe / Q000473:pathology*