title: Chilling-injury and disturbance of ion homeostasis in the coxal muscle of the tropical cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea).
abstract: Adults of warm- and cold-acclimated tropical cockroaches, Nauphoeta cinerea were exposed to low temperatures of 0 or 5 degrees C for various time intervals (hours to days). Development of chilling-injury (defects in crawling and uncoordinated movements) and mortality during the exposure were assessed and correlated with the changes in concentrations of metal ions (Na(+), K(+) and Mg(2+)) in the haemolymph and coxal muscle tissue. Warm-acclimated insects entered chill-coma at both low temperatures. In their haemolymph, the [Na(+)] and [Mg(2+)] linearly decreased and [K(+)] increased with the increasing time of exposure. The rate of concentration changes was higher at 0 than at 5 degrees C. The concentration changes resulted in gradually dissipating equilibrium potentials across the muscle cell membranes. For instance, E(K) decreased from -49.8 to -20.7 mV during 7 days at 5 degrees C. Such a disturbance of ion homeostasis was paralleled by the gradual development of chilling-injury and mortality. Most of the cockroaches showed chilling-injury when the molar ratio of [Na(+)]/[K(+)] in their haemolymph decreased from an initial of 4.4 to 2.1-2.5. In contrast, the cold-acclimated cockroaches did not enter chill-coma. They maintained constant concentrations of ions in their haemolymph, constant equilibrium potentials across muscle cell membranes and the development of chilling-injury was significantly suppressed at 5 degrees C for 7 days.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Entomology, Academy of Sciences, Branisovská 31, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic. kostal@entu.cas.cz
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Kostál
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Yanagimoto
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Bastl
mesh_terms: D000064:Acclimatization; D000818:Animals; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D003058:Cockroaches / Q000378:metabolism*; D003080:Cold Temperature; D006706:Homeostasis; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000502:physiology; D008670:Metals; D018482:Muscle, Skeletal / Q000166:cytology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D008670:Metals