title: Evaluation of chlorinated by-products in drinking waters of Central Friuli (Italy).
abstract: Drinkable water supplied by aqueducts undergoes preliminar potabilization which, in Italy, is mainly accomplished by chlorine addition. The bactericidal action involved in this process is always accompanied by chlorination and oxidation of organic species (mainly humic and fulvic acids) naturally present in treated waters, so that many disinfection by-products (DBPs) are formed, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and halo-acetic acids (HAA), which can represent a chemical risk for public health. The aim of this study was the monitoring of DBPs in drinking water disinfected by chlorination, supplied by four different aqueducts of Central Friuli (Italy). DBP evaluations were performed in water samples consisting of both input and output of disinfection plants. The results of analytical determinations were worked out to provide the THM and HAA parameters for disinfected waters, while in feeding waters the following different conventional parameters were adopted: (i) trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), (ii) halo-acetic acids formation potential (HAAFP) and (iii) UV absorbance at 254 nm (UV254). The quite moderate content of chlorinated products found in all samples considered highlighted the excellent quality of potabilized waters available in Central Friuli. Moreover, our results confirmed that the majority of DBPs formed when chlorine is used for water disinfection consists of THMs, while chlorites and chlorates prevailed when potabilization is accomplished by using chlorine dioxide. Finally, simple UV254 monitoring turned out to be a profitable approach for the determination of chlorinated by-products only when THMs prevail among DBPs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Chemical Sciences and Technology, University of Udine, via Cotonificio 108, 33100 Udine, Italy.
authors.forename: Daniele
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Goi
authors.forename: Franco
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tubaro
authors.forename: Fabio
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Barbone
authors.forename: Giuliano
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Dolcetti
authors.forename: Gino
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Bontempelli
mesh_terms: D002704:Chlorates / Q000032:analysis; D002712:Chlorides / Q000032:analysis; D002713:Chlorine / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D004203:Disinfection / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007558:Italy; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D022882:Trihalomethanes / Q000032:analysis* / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism; D018508:Water Purification / Q000379:methods*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002704:Chlorates; D002712:Chlorides; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D002713:Chlorine; C001599:chlorite