title: Does the use of an automated tool for self-reporting mood by patients with bipolar disorder bias the collected data?
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Automating data collection from patients can improve data quality, enhance compliance, and decrease costs in longitudinal studies. About half of all households in industrialized countries now have a home computer.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  While we previously validated the ChronoRecord software for self-reporting mood on a home computer with patients who have bipolar disorder, this study further investigates whether this technology created a bias in the collected data.
  
  
  METHODS
  During the validation study, 80 of 96 (83%) patients returned 8662 days of data (mean, 114.7 +/- 32.3 SD days). The patients' demographics were compared with those of similar longitudinal studies in which patients used paper-based data collection tools. In addition, because demographic characteristics may influence attitudes toward technology, observer-rated scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were used to group patients by severity of illness, and the self-reported mood ratings were analyzed for evidence of bias from the patients' gender, ethnicity, diagnosis, age, disability status, or years of education. Analysis was performed using the 2-way analysis of variance and general linear model.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The patients' demographic characteristics were very similar to those of patients with bipolar disorder who participated in comparable longitudinal studies using paper-based tools. After grouping the patients by severity of illness, none of the demographic variables had a significant effect on the patients' self-reported mood using the automated tool.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The use of a computer does not seem to bias sample data. As with studies using paper-based self-reporting, results from studies of patients using ChronoRecord software on a home computer to report mood can be generalized.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charite-Mitte, Germany.
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bauer
authors.forename: Natalie
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Rasgon
authors.forename: Paul
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Grof
authors.forename: Laszlo
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Gyulai
authors.forename: Tasha
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Glenn
authors.forename: Peter C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Whybrow
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000339:Affect; D000368:Aged; D015982:Bias; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000523:psychology*; D003625:Data Collection / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012984:Software; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires