Microalbuminuria prevalence study in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the prevalence of macroalbuminuria and microalbuminuria in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in 10 Asian countries.


METHODS
This cross-sectional clinic-based epidemiological study is a subanalysis of data collected from patients attending three medical centres in Indonesia from May 2002 to October 2002. A total of 207 patients were enrolled, of which 177 patients constituted the per protocol population (patients with bacteriuria and haematuria were excluded).


RESULTS
Overall, the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease was high, with macroalbuminuria comprising 44.7% (41.2-48.1;95% confidence interval) and microalbuminuria comprising 33.0% (29.7-36.3; 95% confidence interval). While the majority (91.53%) of patients were receiving treatment for hypertension, only 6.21% of the patients had systolic/diastolic blood pressures below the 130/85 mmHg target.


CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was high in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes in Indonesia, which is indicative of an impending pandemic of diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases in the region.
Sja'bani
Mohammad
M
Department of Internal Medicine, Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gadjah Mada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Asdie
Ahmad H
AH
Widayati
Kartika
K
Subroto
Yanri
Y
Kariadi
Sri Hks
SH
Arifin
Agusta Y L
AY
Adhiarta
I G N
IG
Permana
Hikmat
H
T
Askandar
A
Hendromartono
Adi
Soebagijo
S
Wibisono
Sony
S
Murtiwi
Sri
S
D000419:Albuminuria / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007214:Indonesia / Q000453:epidemiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015995:Prevalence; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System