title: Three dimensional CT angiography for patients with congenital heart disease: scanning protocol for pediatric patients.
abstract: The objective of our study was to determine the contrast attenuation level that yields high quality cardiac three-dimensional (3-D) images and to predict the contrast injection rate (IR), from body weight, to reach this attenuation level. Enhanced electron beam computerized tomography (EBCT) with 3-D reconstruction is useful in delineating cardiac anatomy in complex congenital heart disease (CHD). The current experience of using electron beam angiography (EBA) in pediatric CHD is limited. Well-defined contrast injection protocols, specifically the contrast IR, have not been standardized when compared to those for adults. Establishing the contrast IR is essential in obtaining high quality 3-D images. We retrospectively analyzed the studies of 115 pediatric patients with CHD. EBA images were divided into group 1 with good quality 3-D images and group 2 with poor quality. The mean of measured enhancement level, expressed in Hounsfield units (HU), and contrast IR were analyzed in both groups. Spearman correlation was used to examine the relationship between weight and IR. The IR was predicted from weight using simple linear regression analysis. The mean level of enhancement was 344 +/- 91 and 174 +/- 31 HU for group 1 and group 2, respectively. Group 1 consisted of 103 patients (90%) and the IR strongly correlated with weight (rho = 0.861, P < 0.01). The IR was estimated from the linear regression equation IR = 0.59 + 0.056 x weight. Necessary contrast enhancement level for quality 3-D reconstruction should be greater than 250 HU, and the IR can be estimated from patient's weight.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 60612, USA.
authors.forename: Vladimir
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Jelnin
authors.forename: Jennifer
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Co
authors.forename: Basharat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Muneer
authors.forename: Balasubramanian
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Swaminathan
authors.forename: Suzanna
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toska
authors.forename: Carlos E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Ruiz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002985:Clinical Protocols; D017023:Coronary Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000628:therapy; D006801:Humans; D007091:Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; D021621:Imaging, Three-Dimensional; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D016014:Linear Models; D012189:Retrospective Studies