title: Validation of a heparan sulfate-derived disaccharide as a marker of accumulation in murine mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA.
abstract: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder resulting from sulfamidase deficiency, which leads to accumulation of heparan sulfate within lysosomes. We have determined the time-course of accumulation of a disaccharide [hexosamine-N-sulfate[alpha-1,4]hexuronic acid; HNS-UA] marker of heparan sulfate storage within the brain, liver, and spleen of a naturally occurring mouse model of MPS IIIA. HNS-UA is detectable in the brain of affected mice on the day of birth, when it is significantly increased compared to normal control mice. As mice age, this compound steadily accumulates until a plateau is reached at approximately 20-weeks. A similar rate of accumulation of HNS-UA is seen in the liver and spleen of affected mice. Intracerebral delivery of recombinant human sulfamidase reduced the amount of HNS-UA present in segments of the brain receiving the correcting enzyme, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of enzyme replacement therapy within the central nervous system of affected mice. This finding therefore provides evidence for the use of the disaccharide HNS-UA to monitor the effect of therapies for this condition in humans, when treatment strategies are devised.
authors.affiliation: Lysosomal Diseases Research Unit, Department of Genetic Medicine, Children, Youth and Women's Health Service, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide SA, Australia.
authors.forename: Barbara
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Savas
authors.forename: Maria
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: John
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hopwood
authors.forename: Kim
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hemsley
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D015415:Biomarkers; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D004187:Disaccharides / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D005944:Glucosamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D006497:Heparan Sulfate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006603:Hexuronic Acids / Q000737:chemistry / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D006867:Hydrolases / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009084:Mucopolysaccharidosis III / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000235:genetics; D021241:Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D004187:Disaccharides; D005944:Glucosamine; D006497:Heparan Sulfate; D006603:Hexuronic Acids; D006867:Hydrolases; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; C022708:N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase