title: Adapting smoking relapse-prevention materials for pregnant and postpartum women: formative research.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To decrease smoking relapse among pregnant and postpartum women by adapting existing, validated relapse-prevention materials to meet the unique needs of pregnant and postpartum women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A series of semi-structured interviews and learner verification activities were conducted with pregnant abstinent, postpartum abstinent, and postpartum relapsed women. Results were used to create new relapse-prevention materials, specific to the needs of pregnant and postpartum women, which are currently being used in a randomized clinical trial.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Findings are consistent with the recurrent themes in the literature regarding smoking cessation among pregnant and postpartum women and revealed exceptional needs for coping and stress reduction strategies related to remaining abstinent postpartum. Conflict levels were also high in areas of identity, social support, and reasons for quitting.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  By interviewing women about their cessation related needs, the current study was able to produce smoking relapse-prevention materials specific to this population. Having pregnant and postpartum women review the modified program materials before starting the clinical trial enhanced the quality, dependability, and validity of the materials. We await the results of the clinical trial to determine if this intervention is indeed more efficacious than previous attempts to intervene with this population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA. gquinn@hsc.usf.edu
authors.forename: Gwendolyn
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Quinn
authors.forename: Bethany Bell
authors.initials: BB
authors.lastname: Ellison
authors.forename: Cathy
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Meade
authors.forename: C Nannette
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Roach
authors.forename: Elena
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lopez
authors.forename: Terrance
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Albrecht
authors.forename: Thomas H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Brandon
mesh_terms: D005260:Female; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007407:Interviews as Topic; D049590:Postpartum Period; D011247:Pregnancy; D012008:Recurrence; D016540:Smoking Cessation; D000074606:Smoking Prevention; D014481:United States