title: [Interdisciplinary treatment of carotid cavernous fistulas via the superior ophthalmic vein].
abstract: BACKGROUND
  The endovascular occlusion of symptomatic carotid cavernous fistulae (CCF) via the transfemoral approach is safe and effective. Due to anatomical variations or after unsuccessful transarterial therapy, a direct surgical approach to the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) may be necessary.
  
  
  METHODS
  In two patients with acute ophthalmologic symptoms coil occlusion of the CCF was performed after palpebral incision and cannulation of the SOV.
  
  
  RESULTS
  In both patients preparation of the SOV was performed successfully and without complications. After coil embolization of the CCF both patients had complete resolution of symptoms within several weeks. During a follow-up of 12 months there were no recurrences, but both patients exhibited moderate blepharoptosis.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Embolization of CCF via a surgically created approach is an effective procedure in selected cases when standard interventional treatment is not possible.
authors.affiliation: Klinik für Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgie, Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken,Wiesbaden, Germany. KuettnerChristian@online.de
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kuettner
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Goetz
authors.forename: F-J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brachvogel
mesh_terms: D020216:Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005094:Exophthalmos / Q000209:etiology; D005123:Eye / Q000098:blood supply; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009880:Ophthalmic Artery / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D010348:Patient Care Team; D014680:Veins; D014786:Vision Disorders / Q000209:etiology