title: Mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin as a prognostic marker in sepsis: an observational study.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Measurement of biomarkers is a potential approach to early assessment and prediction of mortality in patients with sepsis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic value of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) levels in a cohort of medical intensive care patients and to compare it with other biomarkers and physiological scores.
  
  
  METHODS
  We evaluated blood samples from 101 consecutive critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit and from 160 age-matched healthy control individuals. The patients had initially been enrolled in a prospective observational study investigating the prognostic value of endocrine dysfunction in critically ill patients ("PEDCRIP" Study). The prognostic value of MR-proADM levels was compared with those of two physiological scores and of various biomarkers (for example C-reactive Protein, IL-6, procalcitonin). MR-proADM was measured in EDTA plasma from all patients using a new sandwich immunoassay.
  
  
  RESULTS
  On admission, 53 patients had sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock, and 48 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Median MR-proADM levels on admission (nmol/l [range]) were 1.1 (0.3-3.7) in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 1.8 (0.4-5.8) in those with sepsis, 2.3 (1.0-17.6) in those with severe sepsis and 4.5 (0.9-21) in patients with septic shock. In healthy control individuals the median MR-proADM was 0.4 (0.21-0.97). On admission, circulating MR-proADM levels in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (8.5 [0.8-21.0]; P < 0.001) than in survivors (1.7 [0.4-17.6]). In a receiver operating curve analysis of survival of patients with sepsis, the area under the curve (AUC) for MR-proADM was 0.81, which was similar to the AUCs for IL-6, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. The prognostic value of MR-proADM was independent of the sepsis classification system used.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  MR-proADM may be helpful in individual risk assessment in septic patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Mirjam
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Christ-Crain
authors.forename: Nils G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Morgenthaler
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Struck
authors.forename: Stephan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Harbarth
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Bergmann
authors.forename: Beat
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Müller
mesh_terms: D018806:APACHE; D053607:Adrenomedullin; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood; D015331:Cohort Studies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007902:Length of Stay / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017063:Outcome Assessment, Health Care; D011379:Prognosis; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000097:blood*; D011506:Proteins; D012016:Reference Values; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D018805:Sepsis / Q000097:blood* / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000628:therapy; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016019:Survival Analysis; D013557:Switzerland / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011506:Proteins; C088633:proadrenomedullin; D053607:Adrenomedullin