title: Value of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) gated SPECT for the detection of silent myocardial ischemia in hemodialysis patients: clinical variables associated with abnormal test results.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Although coronary artery disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing hemodialysis, there is no accurate diagnostic strategy for these patients.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To assess the value of 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) gated single-photon emission computed tomography for the detection of silent myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to evaluate the clinical variables associated with abnormal test results.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty-one asymptomatic patients undergoing hemodialysis (20 men, 11 women), with a mean age of 45 years (range, 25-75 years), were included in the study. Serum electrolytes, creatinine, homocysteine and adhesion molecules were measured prior to dialysis. Ambulatory blood pressure, carotid intima-media thickness measurements, echocardiography and stress 99mTc-MIBI imaging were performed in all patients, whereas coronary angiography was performed only in patients with abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and/or echocardiography.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy results were abnormal in nine patients (29%) and coronary angiography was abnormal in six patients. After a median follow-up of 20 months (range, 14-28 months), nine patients experienced a cardiac event. Seven of the nine patients (78%) with abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy suffered a cardiac event, compared with only two of 22 patients (9%) with normal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (P<0.0001). Patients with abnormal perfusion scintigraphy had higher serum C-reactive protein, homocysteine and adhesion molecule levels and the duration of hemodialysis was significantly longer.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  In asymptomatic hemodialysis patients, gated myocardial perfusion scintigraphy is a safe and non-invasive screening technique for the detection of coronary artery disease and for predicting future cardiac events. The presence of ischemia correlates significantly with markers of inflammation. The discordant results (abnormal myocardial perfusion scintigraphy/normal coronary angiography) can be attributed to angiographically unrecognized occult atherosclerotic changes and abnormal vasodilatation capacity of the coronary circulation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey. caglarm@hacettepe.edu.tr
authors.forename: Meltem
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Caglar
authors.forename: Babak
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Mahmoudian
authors.forename: Kudret
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Aytemir
authors.forename: Serkan
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kahraman
authors.forename: Mustafa
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Arici
authors.forename: Giray
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kabakci
authors.forename: Erdem
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Karabulut
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003324:Coronary Artery Disease / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D015637:Gated Blood-Pool Imaging / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000209:etiology*; D011379:Prognosis; D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D015203:Reproducibility of Results; D018570:Risk Assessment / Q000379:methods; D012307:Risk Factors; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi; D015899:Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon / Q000379:methods; D018487:Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D019275:Radiopharmaceuticals; D017256:Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi