title: Procoagulant state after raloxifene therapy in postmenopausal women.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the effects of raloxifene on the hemostatic system in postmenopausal women.
  
  
  METHODS
  A prospective longitudinal study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient clinic of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
  
  
  METHODS
  Sixteen postmenopausal women aged 56.8 +/- 5.9 years (mean +/- SD).
  
  
  METHODS
  Raloxifene hydrochloride (60 mg once daily) was administered orally for a period of 6 months.
  
  
  METHODS
  Plasma activities of coagulation factors (II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII, and fibrinogen), prothrombin-derived fragment 1+2, and activated protein C (APC) sensitivity ratio were measured at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Factor VIII activity increased by 17.1% and 26.9% at 3 and 6 months of treatment, respectively, compared with baseline. Factor XI and FXII activities significantly increased by 10.9% and 43.1%, respectively, after 6 months compared with baseline. A significant reduction of APC sensitivity ratio also was observed after 6 months of treatment.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  A procoagulant state characterized by increased factor VIII, XI, and XII plasma levels and by reduced APC sensitivity was observed after raloxifene therapy in post-menopausal women.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil. georgedantas@uol.com.br
authors.forename: George Dantas
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Azevedo
authors.forename: Rendrik França
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Franco
authors.forename: Márcia Sueli
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Baggio
authors.forename: Técia Maria de Oliveira
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Maranhão
authors.forename: Marcos Felipe Silva de
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Sá
mesh_terms: D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005340:Fibrinogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008875:Middle Aged; D015663:Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D017698:Postmenopause; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011486:Protein C / Q000378:metabolism; D011498:Protein Precursors / Q000378:metabolism; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000378:metabolism; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D011486:Protein C; D011498:Protein Precursors; D020845:Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators; D020849:Raloxifene Hydrochloride; C029733:prothrombin fragment 1; C044183:prothrombin fragment 2; D011516:Prothrombin; D005340:Fibrinogen