title: Development of functional human embryonic stem cell-derived neurons in mouse brain.
abstract: Human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent entities, theoretically capable of generating a whole-body spectrum of distinct cell types. However, differentiation of these cells has been observed only in culture or during teratoma formation. Our results show that human embryonic stem cells implanted in the brain ventricles of embryonic mice can differentiate into functional neural lineages and generate mature, active human neurons that successfully integrate into the adult mouse forebrain. Moreover, this study reveals the conservation and recognition of common signals for neural differentiation throughout mammalian evolution. The chimeric model will permit the study of human neural development in a live environment, paving the way for the generation of new models of human neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The model also has the potential to speed up the screening process for therapeutic drugs.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Genetics, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
authors.forename: Alysson R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Muotri
authors.forename: Kinichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nakashima
authors.forename: Nicolas
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Toni
authors.forename: Vladislav M
authors.initials: VM
authors.lastname: Sandler
authors.forename: Fred H
authors.initials: FH
authors.lastname: Gage
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001921:Brain / Q000166:cytology* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002460:Cell Line; D046528:Chimerism; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000166:cytology*; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D009474:Neurons / Q000166:cytology*; D033581:Stem Cell Transplantation; D013234:Stem Cells / Q000166:cytology*