title: Direct-fed microbial supplementation on ruminal digestion, health, and performance of pre- and postpartum dairy cattle.
abstract: Effects of supplementing direct-fed microbial agents (DFM) to dairy cows during the transition period were evaluated. Forty-four Holstein cows were fed close-up and lactating diets that did or did not contain 2 g of DFM/cow per d. The direct-fed microbial (DFM) supplement was fed at a rate of 2 × 109 viable yeast cells and 5 × 109 cfu of bacteria per cow per day [corrected].Supplemented cows were fed the DFM 21 d prior to expected calving date through 10 wk postpartum. Cows supplemented with DFM had higher estimated ruminally available dry matter (DM) for both corn silage and haylage than did control cows. Supplemented cows consumed more DM during both the pre- and postpartum periods. In addition, those supplemented with DFM produced 2.3 kg more milk/cow per d than did nonsupplemented cows. There was no difference in 3.5% fat-corrected milk. Milk fat percentage was lower, but not depressed (4.76 vs. 4.44%) for cows receiving DFM. There were no differences in milk fat yield or milk protein percentage and yield. Cows consuming DFM had higher blood glucose postpartum, as well as lower beta-hydroxybutyrate levels both prepartum and on d 1 postpartum. Plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentration was not statistically affected by DFM, but was numerically lower prepartum and higher postpartum for supplemented cows. This study demonstrated that targeted DFM supplementation enhanced ruminal digestion of forage DM. Early lactation cows receiving supplemental DFM produced more milk and consumed more DM during the pre- and postpartum periods. Cows consuming DFM, however, experienced a lower, but not depressed, fat percentage compared with nonsupplemented cows.
authors.affiliation: Spruce Haven Farm and Research Center, Union Springs, NY 13160, USA. jimnocek@worldnet.att.net
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Nocek
authors.forename: W P
authors.initials: WP
authors.lastname: Kautz
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle / Q000502:physiology*; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology; D004032:Diet / Q000662:veterinary*; D004063:Digestion; D004716:Endometritis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D016984:Enterococcus faecium / Q000502:physiology*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006304:Health Status; D007662:Ketosis / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D018457:Placenta, Retained / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D011247:Pregnancy; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012441:Saccharomyces cerevisiae / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid