title: Dysphagia in the young male: the ringed esophagus.
abstract: The endoscopic view of the multi-ringed esophagus readily explains why the term "tracheal esophagus" is applicable. This entity may be undiagnosed until dysphagia and impactions secondary to strictures occur in the young male. Several factors point to a congenital rather than an acquired disorder. Treatment consists of slow, progressive dilatations that are repeated for recurrent dysphagia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: G Alexander
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Patterson
authors.forename: Joel D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Cooper
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003680:Deglutition Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D004106:Dilatation / Q000379:methods*; D004939:Esophageal Perforation / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D004940:Esophageal Stenosis / Q000150:complications / Q000151:congenital* / Q000235:genetics / Q000601:surgery; D004945:Esophagoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects; D004947:Esophagus / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000293:injuries; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D017678:Sex Distribution