title: Global perspectives on animal welfare: Asia, the Far East, and Oceania.
abstract: In Asia and the Far East, livestock undergo major suffering due to malnutrition, overloading, and ill-treatment. At slaughter animals are handled roughly and watch other animals being killed; stunning is not practised. Cruelty to other animals such as elephants, horses, donkeys, bears, dogs, and circus animals has largely been prevented through the efforts of animal welfare organisations. Governments have taken initiatives to establish Animal Welfare Boards and enact laws for the prevention of cruelty to animals, but their efforts are far too limited to be of any significance and financial constraints and lack of personnel inhibit the implementation of the laws that do exist. In New Zealand and Australia, legislation and strong consultation procedures at governmental and community level strive to regulate and improve the welfare of animals in all spheres, but in other Oceanic countries there is a need for both an update in, or establishment of, legislation covering animal welfare. Limited progress has been made due to the status of the Veterinary Services and a lack of resources. Although some public and educational awareness programmes are carried out, increasing exposure to international media and attitudes of visiting tourists suggest that further awareness work needs to be undertaken. To address the problems of animal welfare in developing countries, it would be inappropriate to adopt the international standards that are implemented in the developed countries. Each developing country should evolve its own standards based on its own individual priorities.
authors.affiliation: Retired Dean, Bangalore Veterinary College and Secretary, Commonwealth Veterinary Association, #123, 7th 'B' Main Road, 4th Block West, Jayanagar, Bangalore 560011, India.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rahman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ricketts
mesh_terms: D000820:Animal Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D000827:Animal Welfare / Q000592:standards*; D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic / Q000502:physiology / Q000523:psychology; D001208:Asia; D003906:Developing Countries; D005202:Asia, Eastern; D044342:Malnutrition / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D044349:Oceania; D011203:Poverty