title: Quinapril treatment increases insulin-stimulated endothelial function and adiponectin gene expression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce cardiovascular mortality and improve endothelial function in type 2 diabetic patients. We hypothesized that 2 months of quinapril treatment would improve insulin-stimulated endothelial function and glucose uptake in type 2 diabetic subjects and simultaneously increase the expression of genes that are pertinent for endothelial function and metabolism.
  
  
  METHODS
  Twenty-four type 2 diabetic subjects were randomized to receive 2 months of quinapril 20 mg daily or no treatment in an open parallel study. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation was studied during serotonin or sodium nitroprusside infusion in the diabetic patients and in 15 healthy subjects. Endothelial function, insulin-stimulated endothelial function, and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were measured before and after quinapril treatment. Blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography. Gene expression was measured by real-time PCR.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Quinapril treatment increased insulin-stimulated endothelial function in the type 2 diabetic subjects (P = 0.005), whereas forearm glucose uptake was unchanged. Endothelial function was also increased by quinapril (P = 0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced by quinapril (P < 0.001). Quinapril increased adiponectin gene expression in vascular tissue obtained from sc adipose biopsies.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Quinapril treatment increases insulin-stimulated endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Increased vascular adiponectin gene expression may contribute to this beneficial effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiology Y, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark. th@heart.dk
authors.forename: Thomas S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Hermann
authors.forename: Weijie
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Li
authors.forename: Helena
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Dominguez
authors.forename: Nikolaj
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ihlemann
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rask-Madsen
authors.forename: Atheline
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Major-Pedersen
authors.forename: Dorthe Baunbjerg
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Nielsen
authors.forename: Kaj Winther
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Hansen
authors.forename: Meredith
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hawkins
authors.forename: Lars
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Kober
authors.forename: Christian
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Torp-Pedersen
mesh_terms: D052242:Adiponectin / Q000235:genetics*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001483:Base Sequence; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D017931:DNA Primers; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000235:genetics; D003925:Diabetic Angiopathies / Q000517:prevention & control; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D016133:Polymerase Chain Reaction; D000077583:Quinapril; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D052242:Adiponectin; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D017931:DNA Primers; D007004:Hypoglycemic Agents; D007328:Insulin; D044005:Tetrahydroisoquinolines; D000077583:Quinapril