title: Up to 21-day banked red blood cells collected by apheresis and stored for 14 days after automated wash at different times of storage.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  A closed-system technology (ACP-215, Haemonetics, Braintree, MA) enables automated washing and extended storage of frozen red blood cells (RBC). This technology was applied to wash banked RBC for removal of undesirable protein and metabolites before transfusion. We studied protein and metabolite depletion as well as RBC metabolism and viability up to 14 days postwash with regard to various pre-storage times.
  
  
  METHODS
  Thirty RBC units were collected by means of apheresis and subdivided into three arms based on prewash storage time period (6 days/group 1, 14 days/group 2, 21 days/group 3). Wash efficacy (protein depletion, IgA), RBC metabolism (pH, lactate, potassium, haemolysis) and cell viability (ATP) were analysed immediately and 14 days after washing.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Total protein and IgA postwash were lowered by automated wash in all groups and uniformly met EC guidelines. Potassium (mmol/l) was below 1.2 mmol/l postwash and significantly below prewash values in all groups, even after 14 days of storage (prewash vs. postwash; P < 0.05). RBCs washed after 14 and 21 days, respectively, showed significantly lower pH values and lower ATP content than RBCs washed after only 6 days of storage. Haemolysis rate remained significantly below 0.8%, the maximum level recommended by the EC guidelines, immediately and 14 days after washing in all units.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Our data confirm that RBC units banked up to 21 days can be effectively protein- and potassium-depleted with the ACP-215 independent from prewash storage time. With respect to high ATP levels and pH, postwash storage of 2 weeks should be limited to units not older than 7 days before wash. This new washing technology ensures better standardization in washed RBC and provides blood centres with a logistical alternative to 24-h washed RBC products.
authors.affiliation: Department of Transfusion Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grabmer
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Holmberg
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Popovsky
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Amann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Schönitzer
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Falaize
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hanske
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Pages
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Nussbaumer
mesh_terms: D001781:Blood Component Removal / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods; D001793:Blood Preservation / Q000379:methods; D017707:Erythrocyte Transfusion; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D013997:Time Factors