title: Effectiveness of pre-emptive metoclopramide infusion in alleviating pain, discomfort and nausea associated with nasogastric tube insertion: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: Aim of this study was to demonstrate that intravenous metoclopramide can reduce pain, nausea and discomfort during nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion in ED. This prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in the university-based ED. One-hundred patients were enrolled. Before NGT insertion, each eligible patient was randomised to one of the two treatment arms: one group received 2 cc of 10 mg IV metoclopramide, whereas others received 2 cc of normal saline. Before and after the procedure, pain, nausea and discomfort were evaluated using 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS). This study was analysed using the paired sample test, the independent sample test and the chi(2) test. Forty-nine patients received metoclopramide, and 51 received normal saline. Although initial VAS levels elicited for pain, nausea and discomfort were similar, consequent VAS levels of those in the metoclopramide group were significantly lower as compared with those in the normal saline group. The mean differences of VAS levels were statistically significant for three symptoms (p < 0.001). Mean VAS levels of nausea, discomfort and pain during NGT insertion were significantly lower following administration of IV metoclopramide as compared with normal saline.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey. dr_dogac@yahoo.com
authors.forename: D N
authors.initials: DN
authors.lastname: Ozucelik
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Karaca
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sivri
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000932:Antiemetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D005683:Gagging / Q000517:prevention & control; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous; D007441:Intubation, Gastrointestinal / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D008787:Metoclopramide / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009325:Nausea / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010146:Pain / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D011446:Prospective Studies; D016896:Treatment Outcome; D014839:Vomiting / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D000932:Antiemetics; D008787:Metoclopramide