Fatty acid composition of traditional and novel forages.
Managing the fatty acid composition of grazing ruminant diets could lead to meat and milk products that have higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations, but forage fatty acid dynamics must be more fully understood for a range of forages before grazing systems can be specified. The fatty acid profiles of 13 different forages, including grasses, legumes, and forbs, grown under greenhouse conditions, were determined. Three separate harvests, at 3-week intervals, were made of each plant material. alpha-Linolenic [C18:3, 7.0-38.4 mg g(-1) of dry matter (DM)], linoleic (C18:2, 2.0-10.3 mg g(-1) of DM), and palmitic (C16:0, 2.6-7.5 mg g(-1) of DM) acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all species at each harvest, together representing approximately 93% of the fatty acids present. Concentrations of fatty acids declined as plants developed, but the fractional contribution of each fatty acid to total fatty acids remained relatively stable over time. Grasses had a uniform composition across species with a mean of 66% of total fatty acids provided by C18:3, 13% by C18:2, and 14% by C16:0. The fractional contribution of C18:3 to total fatty acids was lower and more variable in forbs than in grasses. Intake of fatty acid by grazing ruminants would be affected by the forage species consumed.
Clapham
William M
WM
Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, West Virginia 25813-9423, USA. william.clapham@ars.usda.gov
Foster
Joyce G
JG
Neel
James P S
JP
Fedders
James M
JM
D000821:Animal Feed / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002849:Chromatography, Gas; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000032:analysis*; D010944:Plants / Q000737:chemistry; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid / Q000032:analysis
D005227:Fatty Acids; D017962:alpha-Linolenic Acid