title: Dissociation as a predictor of cognitive behavior therapy outcome in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previous studies have found a strong association between dissociation and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether dissociation is a predictor of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) outcome in patients with OCD.
  
  
  METHODS
  Fifty-two patients with OCD were assessed using the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. CBT lasted on average 9.5 weeks and included exposure therapy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Patients who dropped out due to noncompliance had higher baseline DES scores and depression scores compared to the 43 patients (83%) who completed the study. Significant OCD symptom reduction at posttreatment was observed in study completers with a large effect size (d = 1.7). More severe OCD symptoms at posttreatment were associated with higher DES scores at baseline, and treatment nonresponders had significantly higher baseline DES scores compared to responders. These associations with outcome were mainly due to the DES subfactor absorption-imaginative involvement. In regression analyses, higher absorption-imaginative involvement scores at baseline predicted poorer CBT outcome, even after controlling for depressive symptoms, comorbid axis I disorders and concomitant psychotropic drugs.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results from this preliminary study suggest that higher levels of dissociation (particularly absorption-imaginative involvement) in patients with OCD might predict poorer CBT outcome. If our results can be replicated, treatment outcome might be improved by additional interventions for those patients with OCD who indicate high levels of dissociation, for example by using interventions aimed at improving coping with emotionally stressful situations.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University Hospital of Hamburg, Germany. michael.rufer@usz.ch
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rufer
authors.forename: Dada
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Held
authors.forename: Julia
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cremer
authors.forename: Susanne
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Fricke
authors.forename: Steffen
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Moritz
authors.forename: Helmut
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Peter
authors.forename: Iver
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hand
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D015928:Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; D004213:Dissociative Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D006801:Humans; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000523:psychology* / Q000628:therapy*; D011237:Predictive Value of Tests; D011379:Prognosis; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D016896:Treatment Outcome