title: Skeletonized bilateral internal mammary arteries for total arterial myocardial revascularization.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Bilateral internal mammary artery (IMA) grafting is associated with an improved long-term survival, low rates of recurrence of angina and late myocardial infarction. However, because of the inadequate length of the conduit, use of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting occasionally is not suitable for complete revascularization. To overcome this limitation, extra length can be obtained by skeletonization of both IMAs. We decided to prospectively assess the safety of this technique.
  
  
  METHODS
  One hundred patients with a mean age of 52.5 +/- 13.1 years underwent complete revascularization with skeletonized bilateral internal mammary arteries on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The right internal mammary artery (RIMA) was used as a free graft connected to the in situ left IMA (LIMA) in 88 patients. A free LIMA was attached to in situ RIMA in 12 patients. The average number of grafts was 3.2 per patient (range: 2-4 grafts per patient). Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 60% (range: 25-80%).
  
  
  RESULTS
  No patient required reexploration for bleeding, and no patient died within 30 days after operation. On the basis of electrocardiographic changes, three patients sustained a perioperative myocardial infarction. One patient had a sternal wound infection. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range: 6-36 months). The actuarial survival rate was 99 +/- 1% at 3 years. No myocardial infarctions were reported during the follow-up. Three patients had recurrent angina with conduit occlusion diagnosed on coronary angiography.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Complete myocardial revascularization with skeletonized bilateral internal mammary arteries is a safe and reliable technique with excellent early and mid-term results.
authors.affiliation: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. drrajashahzad@hotmail.com
authors.forename: Shahzad Gull
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Raja
authors.forename: Zulifqar
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Haider
authors.forename: Haider
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Zaman