title: Interventional gastroenterology: esophageal and pancreatic cancers.
abstract: The development and refinement of endoscopic procedures have greatly improved the diagnosis and management of esophageal and pancreatic cancers. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a highly accurate technique for TNM staging in esophageal cancer, and allows a tissue diagnosis of lymph nodes via fine-needle aspiration with low risk of complications. Endoscopic mucosal resection is a treatment option in patients with early esophageal cancer who are poor surgical candidates. Similarly, EUS fine-needle aspiration is helpful in establishing a diagnosis in cystic lesions, exocrine tumors, neuroendocrine tumors, and other lesions in the pancreas. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography provides diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for various pancreaticobiliary problems. A number of promising EUS-guided therapies for pancreatic cancers are under investigation.
authors.affiliation: Department of G.I. Medicine and Nutrition, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. jefflee@mdanderson.org
authors.forename: Jeffrey H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D002760:Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D019160:Endosonography; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging