title: Experience with minimally invasive esophagectomy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) is an evolving surgical alternative to traditional open esophagectomy. Despite considerable technical challenges, it was hypothesized that MIE could be performed effectively by surgeons experienced in open esophageal resection and advanced laparoscopic surgery. The authors report their experience with 25 patients who underwent MIE for esophageal disease.
  
  
  METHODS
  A multidisciplinary esophageal cancer team evaluated all the patients enrolled in this institutional review board-approved retrospective review study. Over an 18-month period, 25 consecutive patients (22 men and 3 women; mean age, 62 years; range, 48-77 years) with resectable esophageal cancer underwent MIE. Six patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The preoperative diagnoses were adenocarcinoma (64%, n = 16), high-grade dysplasia (20%, n = 5), and squamous cell cancer (16%, n = 4). The outcomes evaluated included operative course, hospital and intensive care unit lengths of stay, pathologic stage, morbidity, and mortality.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Two patients required conversion to open esophagectomy. Operative mortality was 4% (n = 1). The mean operative time was 350 min (range, 300-480), and the average blood loss was 200 ml. The patients remained ventilated for a median of 12 h, and the median intensive care unit utilization was 1 day. The median hospital length of stay was 9 days (range, 6-33 days). Major complications occurred in 32% of the patients. The anastomotic leak rate was 12%. Minor pulmonary complications occurred in 32% and atrial fibrillation in 16% of the patients. An anastomotic stricture developed in 24% of all the patients. One patient showed a positive proximal margin in the final pathology results.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Minimally invasive esophagectomy is a technically challenging procedure that can be performed safely at the Virginia Piper Cancer Institute. Optimal results require appropriate patient selection and a multidisciplinary team experienced in the management of esophageal cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Virginia Piper Cancer Institute, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, 800 East 28th Street, Minneapolis, MN 55047, USA.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Collins
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kroshus
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ganz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Batts
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Seng
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Nwaneri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Dunn
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000601:surgery*; D000368:Aged; D000714:Anastomosis, Surgical / Q000009:adverse effects; D001281:Atrial Fibrillation / Q000209:etiology; D016063:Blood Loss, Surgical; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D003422:Critical Care; D004935:Esophageal Diseases / Q000601:surgery; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D016629:Esophagectomy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010535:Laparoscopy / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D007902:Length of Stay; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019060:Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000401:mortality; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors