title: Efficacy of a novel calcium/potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid in weight control.
abstract: The weight-loss efficacy of a novel, water-soluble, calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid (HCA-SX) was re-examined in 90 obese subjects (BMI: 30-50.8 kg/m2). We combined data from two previously reported randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies in order to achieve a better statistical evaluation based on a larger population. This re-examination of data also allowed us to reflect more intensely on various aspects of weight loss studies. Subjects were randomly divided into three groups: group A received a daily dose of HCA-SX 4, 667 mg (providing 2,800 mg HCA per day); group B was given a daily dose of a combination of HCA-SX 4,667 mg, niacin-bound chromium (NBC) 4 mg (providing 400 microg elemental chromium), and Gymnema sylvestre extract (GSE) 400 mg (providing 100 mg gymnemic acid); and group C received a placebo in three equally divided doses 30-60 min before each meal. All subjects were provided a 2,000 kcal diet/day and participated in a supervised walking program for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Eighty-two subjects completed the study. At the end of 8 weeks, in group A, both body weight and BMI decreased by 5.4%, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides levels were reduced by 12.9% and 6.9%, respectively, while high-density lipoprotein levels increased by 8.9%, serum leptin levels decreased by 38%, serotonin levels increased by 44.5% and urinary excretion of fat metabolites increased by 32-109%. Group B demonstrated similar beneficial changes, but generally to a greater extent. No significant adverse effects were observed. The combined results confirm that HCA-SX and, to a greater degree, the combination of HCA-SX plus NBC and GSE reduce body weight and BMI, suppress appetite, improve blood lipid profiles, increase serum leptin and serotonin levels and increase fat oxidation more than placebo. We conclude that dosage levels, timing of administration, subject compliance and bioavailability of HCA-SX significantly affect results and that when taken as directed, HCA-SX is a highly effective adjunct to healthy weight control.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Basic Science Building, Room 231 B, 4000 Reservoir Rd., N.W., Washington, DC 20057, USA. preusshg@georgetown.edu
authors.forename: H G
authors.initials: HG
authors.lastname: Preuss
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Garis
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Bramble
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bagchi
authors.forename: C V S
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Rao
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Satyanarayana
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015992:Body Mass Index; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000737:chemistry*; D002857:Chromium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002951:Citrates / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000737:chemistry / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D031104:Gymnema sylvestre / Q000737:chemistry; D006801:Humans; D020738:Leptin / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D009525:Niacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009765:Obesity / Q000188:drug therapy*; D028321:Plant Preparations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011188:Potassium / Q000737:chemistry*; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D012995:Solubility; D016896:Treatment Outcome
chemical_list: D019440:Anti-Obesity Agents; D002951:Citrates; D020738:Leptin; D008055:Lipids; D028321:Plant Preparations; D002857:Chromium; D009525:Niacin; D012701:Serotonin; C007999:hydroxycitric acid; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium