title: Brain morphometry, T2-weighted hyperintensities, and IQ in children with neurofibromatosis type 1.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Larger gray matter (GM) volume in healthy children is correlated with higher IQ. Children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have larger brains, their magnetic resonance images frequently show T2-weighted hyperintensities, and their IQs are lower.
  
  
  OBJECTIVE
  To confirm the hypotheses that (1) children with NF1 have larger GM and white matter volumes, (2) the greatest volume differences are in the frontal and parietal regions and in children with NF1 with hyperintensities, and (3) GM volume is inversely related to IQ in children with NF1.
  
  
  METHODS
  Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition IQ testing and measurement of cerebral volumes and hyperintensities in brain magnetic resonance images were performed on 36 children with NF1 and on 36 matched relatives who served as control subjects.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Gray matter and white matter volumes were significantly larger in children with NF1. The greatest difference was observed in cerebral white matter volume, predominantly in the frontal lobes, whereas the greatest difference in GM volume was in the temporal, parietal, and occipital regions. In controls, IQ was significantly related to GM volume, but in children with NF1, IQ was not inversely associated with GM volume, although IQs of children with NF1 were significantly lower.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Children with NF1 do not have the normal relationship between GM volume and IQ. Larger GM volume in the posterior brain regions and larger white matter volumes in the frontal brain regions contribute to the larger brain volume in children with NF1.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27514-7025, USA. greenwor@neurology.unc.edu
authors.forename: Robert S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Greenwood
authors.forename: Larry A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Tupler
authors.forename: J Kenneth
authors.initials: JK
authors.lastname: Whitt
authors.forename: Anne
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Buu
authors.forename: Carrie B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Dombeck
authors.forename: Amanda G
authors.initials: AG
authors.lastname: Harp
authors.forename: Martha E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Payne
authors.forename: James D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Eastwood
authors.forename: K Ranga R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Krishnan
authors.forename: James R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: MacFall
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002648:Child; D003072:Cognition Disorders / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000523:psychology; D038524:Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006984:Hypertrophy / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007360:Intelligence / Q000502:physiology; D007361:Intelligence Tests; D008297:Male; D019957:Motor Skills Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology; D009413:Nerve Fibers, Myelinated / Q000473:pathology*; D009456:Neurofibromatosis 1 / Q000150:complications* / Q000473:pathology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010468:Perceptual Disorders / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology / Q000523:psychology