title: Representation of cerebral bridging veins in infants by postmortem computed tomography.
abstract: The postmortem diagnosis of shaken baby syndrome, a severe form of child abuse, may be difficult, especially when no other visible signs of significant trauma are obvious. An important finding in shaken baby syndrome is subdural haemorrhage, typically originating from ruptured cerebral bridging veins. Since these are difficult to detect at autopsy, we have developed a special postmortem computed tomographic (PMCT) method to demonstrate the intracranial vein system in infants. This method is minimally invasive and can be carried out conveniently and quickly on clinical computed tomography (CT) systems. Firstly, a precontrast CT is made of the infant's head, to document the original state. Secondly, contrast fluid is injected manually via fontanel puncture into the superior sagittal sinus, followed by a repeat CT scan. This allows the depiction of even very small vessels of the deep and superficial cerebral veins, especially the bridging veins, without damaging them. Ruptures appear as extravasation of contrast medium, which helps to locate them at autopsy and examine them histologically, whenever necessary.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Rechts- und Verkehrsmedizin der Universitätsklinik Heidelberg, Abteilung Postmortale Computertomographie, Vossstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany. kirsten_marion_stein@med.uni-heidelberg.de
authors.forename: Kirsten Marion
authors.initials: KM
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: Katharina
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ruf
authors.forename: Maria Katharina
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Ganten
authors.forename: Rainer
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mattern
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy / Q000379:methods; D020202:Cerebral Hemorrhage, Traumatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002550:Cerebral Veins / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003392:Cranial Sinuses / Q000293:injuries* / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D049429:Forensic Pathology; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011180:Postmortem Changes; D038642:Shaken Baby Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media