title: Methods to measure ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex.
abstract: The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) or cyclosome is a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1-phase of the cell cycle. The APC ubiquitinates regulatory proteins such as securin and cyclin B and thereby targets them for destruction by the 26S proteasome. Activation of the APC depends on the activator proteins Cdc20 and Cdh1, which are thought to recruit substrates to the APC. In vitro, APC's RING finger subunit Apc11 alone can also function as a ubiquitin ligase. Here, we review different methods that have been used to measure the ubiquitination activity of the APC in vitro and to analyze APC-mediated degradation reactions either in vitro or in vivo. We describe procedures to isolate the APC from human cells or from Xenopus eggs, to activate purified APC with recombinant Cdc20 or Cdh1 and to measure the ubiquitination activity of the resulting APC(Cdc20) and APC(Cdh1) complexes. We also describe procedures to analyze the ubiquitination activity associated with recombinant Apc11.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: Claudine
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: Michael
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gmachl
authors.forename: Jan-Michael
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Peters
mesh_terms: D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D000818:Animals; D064198:Apc11 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D064199:Cdc20 Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D002457:Cell Extracts; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005260:Female; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006801:Humans; D047468:Immunoprecipitation; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009687:Nuclear Proteins / Q000302:isolation & purification; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000378:metabolism*; D014981:Xenopus
chemical_list: D064199:Cdc20 Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002457:Cell Extracts; D009363:Neoplasm Proteins; D009687:Nuclear Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011993:Recombinant Fusion Proteins; D014452:Ubiquitins; C577488:CDC20 protein, human; D043743:Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Complexes; C577351:ANAPC11 protein, human; D064173:Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome; D064198:Apc11 Subunit, Anaphase-Promoting Complex-Cyclosome