title: Predictors of high-cost managed care patients with acute coronary syndrome.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To develop predictive models of high-cost acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients using demographic, disease, and treatment characteristics.
  
  
  METHODS
  This was a retrospective, administrative claims analysis utilizing pharmacy, medical, and eligibility data from a large US managed care organization.
  
  
  METHODS
  ACS was defined by ICD-9 codes for unstable angina (UA) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). New onset patients (without ACS claims) in the prior six months were identified for the time period 07/01/99-06/30/01, and followed up to 12 months, health plan disenrollment, or death. Cost was measured as that incurred during the initial episode plus subsequent follow-up or during the subsequent follow-up only. Patients were dichotomized as high-cost (top 20%) or low-cost (bottom 80%), based on total costs. Logistic regression was used to examine the association for being classified as high-cost.
  
  
  RESULTS
  A total of 13 731 patients were included: 51.7% with UA, 39.6% with AMI and 8.7% with both UA and AMI. The mean age was 54.2 years and 68.2% were male. A number of co-morbidities (hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, etc.) predicted high-cost patients. Among medications, prior ACE inhibitor use predicted high-cost patients. While revascularization procedures, in general, were strong predictors of high-cost, revascularization during the index ACS episode (opposed to revascularization during the follow-up) decreased the odds of being high-cost (odds ratio [95% CI] 0.615 [0.506-0.748]).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  High-cost patients with new onset ACS can be predicted by some characteristics, but many of these characteristics are non-modifiable co-morbidities. Payers and providers may find opportunities for clinical and cost-saving interventions for these patients.
authors.affiliation: i3 Magnifi, an Ingenix Company, 12125 Technology Dr., Eden Prairie, MN 55344, USA.
authors.forename: Lida R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Etemad
authors.forename: Patrick L
authors.initials: PL
authors.lastname: McCollam
mesh_terms: D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D015906:Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary / Q000191:economics; D015331:Cohort Studies; D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass; D005260:Female; D017048:Health Care Costs; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008329:Managed Care Programs / Q000191:economics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000191:economics / Q000628:therapy*; D012189:Retrospective Studies