title: Natural human antibody responses to Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1 under low transmission and unstable malaria conditions in Sri Lanka.
abstract: Plasmodium vivax apical membrane antigen 1, an important malaria vaccine candidate, was immunogenic during natural malaria infections in Sri Lanka, where low transmission and unstable malaria conditions prevail. Antibody prevalence increased with exposure in areas where malaria was or was not endemic. A marked isotype switch to cytophilic (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1]/IgG3) antibodies was evident with increasing exposure exclusively in residents from areas of endemicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 3, Sri Lanka.
authors.forename: Thilan
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Wickramarachchi
authors.forename: Prasad H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Premaratne
authors.forename: K L R Lakshman
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Perera
authors.forename: Sumith
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Bandara
authors.forename: Clemens H M
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Kocken
authors.forename: Alan W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thomas
authors.forename: Shiroma M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Handunnetti
authors.forename: Preethi V
authors.initials: PV
authors.lastname: Udagama-Randeniya
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000096:biosynthesis; D016780:Malaria, Vivax / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000276:immunology*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D010966:Plasmodium vivax / Q000276:immunology*; D015800:Protozoan Proteins / Q000276:immunology*; D013188:Sri Lanka / Q000453:epidemiology
chemical_list: D000913:Antibodies, Protozoan; D000953:Antigens, Protozoan; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D015800:Protozoan Proteins; C090077:apical membrane antigen I, Plasmodium