title: Distribution of lymphatic vessels in the neural plexuses surrounding the superior mesenteric artery.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate whether lymphatic vessels exist in the neural plexuses surrounding the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the ultrastructural relationship between neural plexuses and lymphatic vessels.
  
  
  METHODS
  A total of 970 serial sections including the structure surrounding the SMA were obtained from 9 cadavers. They were subjected to conventional hematoxylin/eosin staining and immunostaining for the lymphatic marker D2-40. Epithelial membrane antigen and S100 were also immunostained to identify the perineurium and nerve bundles, respectively.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Thin-walled, erythrocyte-free vessels staining with lymphatic markers (D2-40) were found in the neural plexuses surrounding the SMA along a full circumference. There seemed to be a distribution correlation between lymphatic vessels and neural plexuses. Lymphatic vessels were not identified within the nerve bundles. The plexuses contained no lymph nodes in any sections.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  To our knowledge we report the immunohistochemical visualization of lymphatic vessels in peri-SMA neural plexuses for the first time. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the lymphatic vessels within neural plexuses as a possible route of invasion and the source of pancreatic cancer recurrence.
authors.affiliation: First Department of Surgery, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Gang
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Jin
authors.forename: Masanori
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sugiyama
authors.forename: Hongfang
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Tuo
authors.forename: Atsuko
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Oki
authors.forename: Nobutsugu
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Abe
authors.forename: Toshiyuki
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Mori
authors.forename: Tadahiko
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Masaki
authors.forename: Yasunori
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Fujioka
authors.forename: Yutaka
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Atomi
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002102:Cadaver; D002447:Celiac Plexus / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008208:Lymphatic System / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D017538:Mesenteric Artery, Superior / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010179:Pancreas / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000098:blood supply / Q000294:innervation; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000098:blood supply / Q000473:pathology