title: Computerized quantification of joint space narrowing and periarticular demineralization in patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on digital x-ray radiogrammetry.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  The aim of our work was to evaluate digital x-ray radiogrammetry (DXR) for the quantification of disease-related periarticular demineralization and computerized analysis of joint space distances (JSDA) for the measurement of joint space narrowing as a new diagnostic method for the early detection of joint-associated alterations and for monitoring disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
  
  
  METHODS
  Digital radiographs in 313 patients with varying severity of RA were performed annually and assessed by 2 radiologists using modified Larsen and also the Sharp scores within an observation period of 3 years. The hand radiographs underwent measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and metacarpal index (MCI) by DXR, as well as computerized JSDA at the metacarpal-phalangeal articulation (JSD-MCP) for a cross-sectional and longitudinal study design.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Both DXR-BMD (-29.6%; P < 0.01) and DXR-MCI (-31.0%; P < 0.01) revealed a notable reduction dependent on the severity of RA (from grade 1 to grade 5 of the modified Larsen score); the severity dependent decrease of mean JSD-MCP ranged from -31.9% (P < 0.01; Sharp erosion part) to -39.1% (P < 0.01) for the modified Larsen score. Over an observation period of 3 years, a significant decrease of DXR-BMD (-22.3%) and DXR-MCI (-23.3%) as well as JSD-MCP mean (-17.5%) was observed (P < 0.05), whereas an accentuated decline of DXR and JSDA parameters was verified for patients without disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or methotrexate therapy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Computerized analysis of hand radiographs by DXR and JSDA is a promising approach to assess the severity and to monitor the progression of RA because DXR and JSDA are timely able to measure periarticular demineralization and also narrowing of JSD-MCP dependent on the severity, the medical treatment and the course of RA.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology; Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany. joachim.boettcher@med.uni-jena.de
authors.forename: Joachim
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Böttcher
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Pfeil
authors.forename: Anders
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rosholm
authors.forename: Peter
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sörös
authors.forename: Alexander
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Petrovitch
authors.forename: Max L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Schaefer
authors.forename: Bettina E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Seidl
authors.forename: Ansgar
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Malich
authors.forename: Andreas
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hansch
authors.forename: Gunter
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Wolf
authors.forename: Werner A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Kaiser
mesh_terms: D015502:Absorptiometry, Photon / Q000379:methods*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018488:Bone Demineralization, Pathologic / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016014:Linear Models; D008297:Male; D008662:Metacarpophalangeal Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging* / Q000473:pathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011856:Radiographic Image Enhancement / Q000379:methods*; D012720:Severity of Illness Index; D012984:Software; D018709:Statistics, Nonparametric