title: Epithelial and stromal genetic instability contributes to genesis of colorectal adenomas.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Previously, we indicated that stromal genetic instability might contribute to tumorigenesis of both sporadic and ulcerative colitis associated colorectal adenocarcinomas. Considering the established adenoma-adenocarcinoma sequence, in this study we analysed genetic instability in colorectal adenoma cells and surrounding stroma.
  
  
  METHODS
  In 164 colorectal tumours (34 hyperplastic polyps, 38 tubular adenomas with low grade dysplasia (TA-L), 51 tubular adenomas with high grade dysplasia (TA-H), and 41 invasive carcinomas), epithelial and stromal genetic instability with National Cancer Institute standard microsatellite markers and chromosome 17 (Chr17) markers, were analysed by a combination of laser capture microdissection and GeneScan approaches.
  
  
  RESULTS
  While frequencies of both loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and microsatellite instability (MSI) were extremely low in hyperplastic polyps, LOH in tubular adenomas was detected in both epithelial (TA-L 13.2%, TA-H 27.5%) and stromal (5.3% and 5.9%, respectively) elements, along with MSI (5.3% and 13.7%, and 5.3 and 5.9%, respectively). Frequencies of epithelial alterations were higher in TA-H than in TA-L, and greatest in the carcinoma group. On the other hand, frequencies of stromal LOH or MSI were almost constant (5.3% approximately 17.1%, 5.3% approximately 17.1%, respectively) in adenomas and invasive carcinomas. In addition, p53 was found to be significantly overexpressed in a greater proportion of TA-L with LOH than in those without genetic instability.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The results indicate the presence of genetic alterations in stroma from an early stage of carcinogenesis, accompanied by stepwise increasing genetic instability of epithelia with progression to cancer. Thus microenvironmental changes due to genetic alteration in Chr17 markers in stromal cells may play an important role in colon adenoma and adenocarcinoma development.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1, Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ishiguro
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshida
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yagishita
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Numata
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Okayasu
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D000236:Adenoma / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D000328:Adult; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000032:analysis*; D016009:Chi-Square Distribution; D002886:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17; D015179:Colorectal Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D018450:Disease Progression; D004847:Epithelial Cells / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D015972:Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; D005787:Gene Frequency; D016158:Genes, p53; D005819:Genetic Markers; D042822:Genomic Instability; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry / Q000379:methods; D007413:Intestinal Mucosa / Q000378:metabolism; D019656:Loss of Heterozygosity; D008297:Male; D018895:Microsatellite Repeats; D008875:Middle Aged; D017154:Stromal Cells / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D005819:Genetic Markers