title: Long-term results of external dacryocystorhinostomy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To evaluate the long-term success following external dacryocystorhinostomy, which is used as a standard in comparing endoscopic or laser techniques.
  
  
  METHODS
  A chart review of 128 patients (150 procedures) undergoing external dacryocystorhinostomy within a 14-year period was undertaken. Patient demographics, symptoms, examination findings, surgical and anesthesia information, postoperative course, and complications were recorded. Lack of tearing or evidence of dacryocystitis at the final postoperative visit was considered a successful result.
  
  
  RESULTS
  External dacryocystorhinostomy was found to be highly successful, with an overall 93% success rate at an average follow-up of 2.7 years. Kaplan-Meier analysis of the data, applied for the first time in this study, predicts a success rate of 90% beyond 4 years. Most important, this demonstrated that most surgical failures were identified in the first 2 years. Postoperative complications were rare and the surgical scar was not a source of patient concern in most cases.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  This study confirms that external dacryocystorhinostomy is a highly successful long-term solution to nasolacrimal duct obstruction with low morbidity.
authors.affiliation: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Warren
authors.forename: Stuart R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Seiff
authors.forename: Marsha C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Kavanagh
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003608:Dacryocystorhinostomy / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013997:Time Factors; D016896:Treatment Outcome