title: Performance in Luria's fist-edge-palm test according to educational level.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To investigate the performance of a large population with heterogeneous educational background in a test apparently uninfluenced by formal education.
  
  
  METHODS
  We administered the Luria's fist-edge-palm test to 966 elderly individuals (299 illiterates) while screening for dementia in a Brazilian population. Individuals with scores in the Mini-Mental State Examination below the 25th percentile (adjusted for each of 4 educational levels) were considered suspect for dementia and excluded. The influence of educational level, age, and gender on the occurrence of failures and on the number of demonstrations for a successful reproduction was investigated.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The final population comprised 745 individuals (238 illiterates). Forty-eight individuals (25 illiterates) were unable to reproduce the sequence. Logistic regression showed that illiteracy was associated with failure, whereas gender and age were not. The proportion of individuals failing to reproduce the sequence was inversely related to the years of schooling. For those individuals who were able to reproduce the sequence, the number of demonstrations for successful reproduction was also inversely related to the years of schooling.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Illiteracy and low educational level are associated with impaired performance in the fist-edge-palm test, which may be the result of the use of different strategies according to educational level.
authors.affiliation: Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology Unit, Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil. rnitrini@uol.com.br
authors.forename: Ricardo
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Nitrini
authors.forename: Paulo
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Caramelli
authors.forename: Emílio
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Herrera
authors.forename: Helenice
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Charchat-Fichman
authors.forename: Cláudia Sellitto
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Porto
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001938:Brazil / Q000453:epidemiology; D003704:Dementia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000523:psychology; D004493:Education; D004522:Educational Status; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D016015:Logistic Models; D008297:Male; D009483:Neuropsychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000502:physiology*; D012737:Sex Factors