title: Evaluation of the ESPLINE INFLUENZA A&B-N Kit for the diagnosis of avian and swine influenza.
abstract: The ESPLINE INFLUENZA A&B-N kit was evaluated for its applicability to the rapid diagnosis of influenza in chickens and pigs. The kit specifically detected viral antigens in tracheal swabs and tissue homogenates of the trachea, liver, spleen, and colon of chickens inoculated with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus strain, A/chicken/Yamaguchi/7/04 (H5N1), at 48 hr post-inoculation (p.i.) as well as in the tracheal and cloacal swabs and tissue homogenates of dead chickens. For those infected with a low pathogenic strain, A/chicken/aq-Y-55/01 (H9N2), antigens were detected only in the samples from tracheal swabs and organs 1-4 days p.i. The kit also detected viral antigens in the nasal swabs of miniature pigs infected with swine and avian influenza viruses. The kit was found to be sensitive and specific enough for the rapid diagnosis of infections of influenza A virus in chickens and pigs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
authors.forename: Gui-Rong
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Bai
authors.forename: Yoshihiro
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Sakoda
authors.forename: Aaron Simanyengwe
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Mweene
authors.forename: Noriko
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Kishida
authors.forename: Takashi
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamada
authors.forename: Hidetaka
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Minakawa
authors.forename: Hiroshi
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kida
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002645:Chickens; D002988:Cloaca / Q000821:virology; D003106:Colon / Q000821:virology; D006801:Humans; D053124:Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D053127:Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype / Q000276:immunology / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005585:Influenza in Birds / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D007251:Influenza, Human / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D009297:Nasal Mucosa / Q000821:virology; D009976:Orthomyxoviridae Infections / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000821:virology; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; D013552:Swine; D013556:Swine, Miniature; D014132:Trachea / Q000821:virology; D014781:Viscera / Q000821:virology
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D011933:Reagent Kits, Diagnostic