title: Design of high-throughput-compatible protocols for microencapsulation, cryopreservation and release of bovine spermatozoa.
abstract: With a rate exceeding 90% in cattle, artificial insemination (AI) is the prime reproduction technology in stock farming. AI success is expected to increase with extended persistence of sperms in utero. In order to enable controlled sperm release during artificial insemination we have designed two strategies for the automated microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa in either alginate-Ca2+ or cellulose sulfate (CS)-poly-diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride (pDADMAC) capsules using standard encapsulation hardware. Animal protein- and citric acid-free sperm extenders and encapsulation protocols have been developed to ensure encapsulation compatible with sperm physiology. Bovine spermatozoa have showed high motility rates inside CS-pDADMAC-based capsules, were preserved by standard cryoconservation and rescued with high viability/motility following disintegration of the thawed capsules. CS-pDADMAC-based capsules break up within 72 h after addition of either purified cellulase or cellulase-filled alignate-Ca2+ capsules. The controlled release, associated with the microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa, may be a promising approach to increase the success rate of artificial insemination.
authors.affiliation: Institute for Chemical and Bio-Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, ETH Hoenggerberg HCI F115, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
authors.forename: Wilfried
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Weber
authors.forename: Markus
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rimann
authors.forename: Therese
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Schafroth
authors.forename: Ulrich
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Witschi
authors.forename: Martin
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fussenegger
mesh_terms: D000464:Alginates; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D018929:Cell Culture Techniques / Q000379:methods; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D015925:Cryopreservation / Q000379:methods*; D007315:Insemination, Artificial / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D011095:Polyethylenes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000379:methods*; D013076:Sperm Count; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology* / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000464:Alginates; D011095:Polyethylenes; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; C041004:poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride