title: Homocysteine and other biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetes mellitus with different diabetic duration or diabetic retinopathy.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Cardiovascular risk-related markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) have not been well understood.
  
  
  METHODS
  Serum and urine samples for biochemical and immunologic analysis were collected from 204 normal subjects and 257 type 2 DM patients, the latter of which were further classified by different diabetic duration with or without retinopathy.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride, lipase, free fatty acid, albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and homocysteine were significantly increased in DM patients, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol and bilirubin were significantly decreased in DM patients, compared with normal subjects. Lipid profiles, ACR, bilirubin, uric acid, creatine kinase, and hsCRP were not changed in DM patients with different diabetic duration or diabetic retinopathy. Lactate dehydrogenase in DM patients with duration >20 years and homocysteine in patients with duration >10 years was significantly higher than those with duration <5 years. Homocysteine was significantly increased in DM patients with retinopathy, compared with DM patients without retinopathy.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  The increased triglyceride, lipase, free fatty acid, albumin creatinine ratio, lactate dehydrogenase and homocysteine as well as decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol and anti-oxidative bilirubin in DM patients should be cautious and considered as risks for increasing DM complication. Homocysteine might be associated with longer diabetic duration and microvascular complication of retinopathy in diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Center of General Education, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 406, Taiwan.
authors.forename: Erh-Jung
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Wei-Wen
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Kuo
authors.forename: Yuh-Jyuan
authors.initials: YJ
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Ter-Hsin
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: Mu-Hsin
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Chang
authors.forename: Min-Chi
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Lu
authors.forename: Bor-Show
authors.initials: BS
authors.lastname: Tzang
authors.forename: Hsi-Hsien
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Hsu
authors.forename: Chih-Yang
authors.initials: CY
authors.lastname: Huang
authors.forename: Shin-Da
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000652:urine; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D002097:C-Reactive Protein / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D003930:Diabetic Retinopathy / Q000097:blood* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006710:Homocysteine / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001663:Bilirubin; D015415:Biomarkers; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002097:C-Reactive Protein; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D006710:Homocysteine; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008055:Lipids; D014527:Uric Acid