title: Ultrasound imaging of fetal brain abnormalities: three essential anatomical levels.
abstract: Prenatal ultrasound evaluation of the fetal brain requires documentation of specific structures according to guidelines set by the American College of Radiology and the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. Among these required structures are: cerebellum, cisterna magna, lateral cerebral ventricles, choroid plexus, midline falx, and cavum septum pellucidum. All these structures can be visualized in three crucial planes of imaging that include cisterna magna/cerebellum, cavum septum pellucidum, and ventricular atria. A systematic approach can be achieved by instituting a protocol that includes these three basic levels of imaging of the fetal head. These anatomical levels should be incorporated in daily routine for complete obstetric ultrasound evaluation.
authors.affiliation: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK 72205, USA. angtuacoteresital@uams.edu
authors.forename: Teresita L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Angtuaco
mesh_terms: D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D002946:Cisterna Magna / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D005315:Fetal Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012680:Sensitivity and Specificity; D012688:Septum Pellucidum / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D018608:Ultrasonography, Doppler; D016216:Ultrasonography, Prenatal