title: Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, is a potential alternative to allopurinol for patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
  
  
  METHODS
  We randomly assigned 762 patients with gout and with serum urate concentrations of at least 8.0 mg per deciliter (480 micromol per liter) to receive either febuxostat (80 mg or 120 mg) or allopurinol (300 mg) once daily for 52 weeks; 760 received the study drug. Prophylaxis against gout flares with naproxen or colchicine was provided during weeks 1 through 8. The primary end point was a serum urate concentration of less than 6.0 mg per deciliter (360 micromol per liter) at the last three monthly measurements. The secondary end points included reduction in the incidence of gout flares and in tophus area.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The primary end point was reached in 53 percent of patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat, 62 percent of those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, and 21 percent of those receiving allopurinol (P<0.001 for the comparison of each febuxostat group with the allopurinol group). Although the incidence of gout flares diminished with continued treatment, the overall incidence during weeks 9 through 52 was similar in all groups: 64 percent of patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat, 70 percent of those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, and 64 percent of those receiving allopurinol (P=0.99 for 80 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol; P=0.23 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol). The median reduction in tophus area was 83 percent in patients receiving 80 mg of febuxostat and 66 percent in those receiving 120 mg of febuxostat, as compared with 50 percent in those receiving allopurinol (P=0.08 for 80 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol; P=0.16 for 120 mg of febuxostat vs. allopurinol). More patients in the high-dose febuxostat group than in the allopurinol group (P=0.003) or the low-dose febuxostat group discontinued the study. Four of the 507 patients in the two febuxostat groups (0.8 percent) and none of the 253 patients in the allopurinol group died; all deaths were from causes that the investigators (while still blinded to treatment) judged to be unrelated to the study drugs (P=0.31 for the comparison between the combined febuxostat groups and the allopurinol group).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Febuxostat, at a daily dose of 80 mg or 120 mg, was more effective than allopurinol at the commonly used fixed daily dose of 300 mg in lowering serum urate. Similar reductions in gout flares and tophus area occurred in all treatment groups.
authors.affiliation: University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA. mbecker@medicine.bsd.uchicago.edu
authors.forename: Michael A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: H Ralph
authors.initials: HR
authors.lastname: Schumacher
authors.forename: Robert L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Wortmann
authors.forename: Patricia A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: MacDonald
authors.forename: Denise
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Eustace
authors.forename: William A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Palo
authors.forename: Janet
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Streit
authors.forename: Nancy
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Joseph-Ridge
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000069465:Febuxostat; D005260:Female; D006073:Gout / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006074:Gout Suppressants / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D033461:Hyperuricemia / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*
chemical_list: D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D006074:Gout Suppressants; D013844:Thiazoles; D000069465:Febuxostat; D014527:Uric Acid; D000493:Allopurinol; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase