title: Tumor gene expression and prognosis in breast cancer patients with 10 or more positive lymph nodes.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  This study, along with two others, was done to develop the 21-gene Recurrence Score assay (Oncotype DX) that was validated in a subsequent independent study and is used to aid decision making about chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, node-negative breast cancer patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Patients with >or=10 nodes diagnosed from 1979 to 1999 were identified. RNA was extracted from paraffin blocks, and expression of 203 candidate genes was quantified using reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR).
  
  
  RESULTS
  Seventy-eight patients were studied. As of August 2002, 77% of patients had distant recurrence or breast cancer death. Univariate Cox analysis of clinical and immunohistochemistry variables indicated that HER2/immunohistochemistry, number of involved nodes, progesterone receptor (PR)/immunohistochemistry (% cells), and ER/immunohistochemistry (% cells) were significantly associated with distant recurrence-free survival (DRFS). Univariate Cox analysis identified 22 genes associated with DRFS. Higher expression correlated with shorter DRFS for the HER2 adaptor GRB7 and the macrophage marker CD68. Higher expression correlated with longer DRFS for tumor protein p53-binding protein 2 (TP53BP2) and the ER axis genes PR and Bcl2. Multivariate methods, including stepwise variable selection and bootstrap resampling of the Cox proportional hazards regression model, identified several genes, including TP53BP2 and Bcl2, as significant predictors of DRFS.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Tumor gene expression profiles of archival tissues, some more than 20 years old, provide significant information about risk of distant recurrence even among patients with 10 or more nodes.
authors.affiliation: Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA. melody_cobleigh@rush.edu
authors.forename: Melody A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cobleigh
authors.forename: Bita
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Tabesh
authors.forename: Pincas
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bitterman
authors.forename: Joffre
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Baker
authors.forename: Maureen
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Cronin
authors.forename: Mei-Lan
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Liu
authors.forename: Russell
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Borchik
authors.forename: Juan-Miguel
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Mosquera
authors.forename: Michael G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Walker
authors.forename: Steven
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shak
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000235:genetics / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D015870:Gene Expression; D020869:Gene Expression Profiling; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D008198:Lymph Nodes / Q000473:pathology; D008207:Lymphatic Metastasis; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics; D012008:Recurrence; D020133:Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; D012720:Severity of Illness Index
chemical_list: D014408:Biomarkers, Tumor; D019394:Ki-67 Antigen; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D018719:Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011980:Receptors, Progesterone