title: Cortical bone remodeling rates in a sample of African American and European American descent groups from the American Midwest: comparisons of age and sex in ribs.
abstract: This study employs regression analysis to explore population and sex differences in the pattern of age-associated bone loss, as reflected by histomorphometric variables that are measures of intracortical and endocortical bone remodeling. A comparison of an African American sample from the Washington Park Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri, and a European American rib sample composed of cadavers, autopsies, and forensic cases from Missouri reveals the existence of complex age-associated patterns for differences in measures of intracortical remodeling and cortical area. Females from the two samples express similar bone dimensions and dynamics. The African American females appear to lose more bone than their male counterparts, but this difference is absent in the European American sample. When age-associated patterns are considered, it is in the younger cohorts that African Americans exhibit greater relative cortical area than European Americans, but this is reversed in the older ages, when the latter group manifests greater bone mass. The European American males consistently differ in the slopes and intercepts for the variables compared to the other groups, and differences are highly significant with African American females, with the former group maintaining bone mass while the latter exhibit a more rapid bone loss. Achieving larger relative cortical area due to smaller endosteal area, coupled with better bone quality due to lower intracortical porosity early in life, may be a mechanism by which African Americans, especially females, maintain adequate bone mass in older ages, which buffers them from bone loss and related fragility fractures despite higher rates of intracortical remodeling and endosteal expansion later in life. These results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the differences in bone remodeling and bone mass observed between these samples.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anthropology, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina 28035-6934, USA. hecho@davidson.edu
authors.forename: Helen
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cho
authors.forename: Sam D
authors.initials: SD
authors.lastname: Stout
authors.forename: Thomas A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Bishop
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001741:Black or African American / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D016723:Bone Remodeling / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005598:Fractures, Spontaneous / Q000208:ethnology / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015146:Midwestern United States; D015233:Models, Statistical; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012272:Ribs / Q000502:physiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D044465:White People / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*