title: The role of a common adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)-1 polymorphism in outcomes of ischemic and nonischemic heart failure.
abstract: BACKGROUND
  A common variant of the adenosine monophosphate deaminase (AMPD)-1 gene (C34T) results in enzymatic inactivity and may increase adenosine in cardiac muscle and confer cardioprotection through ischemic preconditioning.
  
  
  RESULTS
  We hypothesized that AMPD1 carriers with ischemic heart failure (HF) in the Beta-Blocker Evaluation of Survival Trial (BEST) might have a relative survival advantage. Patients (n = 1038, 20% black) with ischemic (58%) and nonischemic (42%) HF were followed for an average of 2.0 years for cardiovascular mortality. DNA was purified from blood using phenol/chloroform. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction with 5' exonuclease chemistry. Differences in survival were assessed by comparing Kaplan-Meier curves with the log-rank test. Genotype frequencies differed by ethnicity (P < .001) but not by disease etiology. AMPD1 genotype did not significantly modify survival in the entire study population (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.61-1.37), among ischemics (HR = 0.73, CI = 0.44-1.22, P = .23), or ischemic non-blacks (HR = 0.74, CI = 0.44-1.24, P = .25). Genotype did not modify the effect of bucindolol on mortality.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Results of this study failed to confirm a reported survival benefit among HF patients carrying the AMPD1 T-allele. However, further studies in larger, more homogeneous populations should explore the possibility of a modest survival advantage for patients with ischemic HF.
authors.affiliation: Cardiovascular Department, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT 84143, USA.
authors.forename: Matthew J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Kolek
authors.forename: John F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Carlquist
authors.forename: Surai
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Thaneemit-Chen
authors.forename: Laura C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Lazzeroni
authors.forename: Bryant M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Whiting
authors.forename: Benjamin D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Horne
authors.forename: Joseph B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Muhlestein
authors.forename: Philip
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lavori
authors.forename: Jeffrey L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Anderson
mesh_terms: D000659:AMP Deaminase / Q000235:genetics* / Q000378:metabolism; D016022:Case-Control Studies; D015331:Cohort Studies; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005838:Genotype; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D017202:Myocardial Ischemia / Q000201:enzymology / Q000235:genetics* / Q000401:mortality; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic / Q000235:genetics*; D015996:Survival Rate
chemical_list: D004247:DNA; D000659:AMP Deaminase