title: Active hexose correlated compound enhances tumor surveillance through regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.
abstract: Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) is a mixture of polysaccharides, amino acids, lipids and minerals derived from cocultured mycelia of several species of Basidiomycete mushrooms. AHCC has been implicated to modulate immune functions and plays a protective role against infection. However, the potential role of AHCC in tumor immune surveillance is unknown. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were orally administered AHCC or water, followed by tumor cell inoculation. We showed that compared to pure water-treated mice, AHCC treatment significantly delayed tumor development after inoculation of either melanoma cell line B16F0 or lymphoma cell line EL4. Treatment with AHCC enhanced both Ag-specific activation and proliferation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, increased the number of tumor Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells, and more importantly, increased the frequency of tumor Ag-specific IFN-gamma producing CD8(+) T cells. Interestingly, AHCC treatment also showed increased cell number of NK and gammadelta T cells, indicating the role of AHCC in activating these innate-like lymphocytes. In summary, our results demonstrate that AHCC can enhance tumor immune surveillance through regulating both innate and adaptive immune responses.
authors.affiliation: Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, CAB Building, Room 517, 300 Cedar Street, 208031, New Haven, CT 06520-8031, USA.
authors.forename: Yunfei
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gao
authors.forename: Dongqing
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: Buxiang
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Sun
authors.forename: Hajime
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fujii
authors.forename: Ken-Ichi
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Kosuna
authors.forename: Zhinan
authors.initials: Z
authors.lastname: Yin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D015496:CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D018414:CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D019587:Dietary Supplements; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects*; D007157:Immunologic Surveillance / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D008546:Melanoma, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009368:Neoplasm Transplantation; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000276:immunology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D016176:T-Lymphocyte Subsets / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D011134:Polysaccharides; D007371:Interferon-gamma; C499366:Active Hexose Correlated Compound